text:
Compton, California

Compton is a city located in the Gateway Cities region of southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county, and on May 11, 1888, was the eighth city in Los Angeles County to incorporate. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 95,740. It is known as the "Hub City" due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, downtown Compton, and Richland Farms.

History

The Spanish Empire had expanded into this area when the Viceroy of New Spain commissioned Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo to explore the Pacific Ocean in 1542–1543. In 1767, the area became part of the Province of the Californias (Provincia de las Californias), and the area was explored by the Portolá expedition in 1769–1770. In 1784, the Spanish Crown deeded Rancho San Pedro, a tract of over 75,000 acre, to soldier Juan José Domínguez. Domínguez's descendants partitioned the land amongst family members, sold parcels to newly arriving settlers, and relinquished some when validating their legal claim with the Mexican government at 48000 acre in 1828, and with the United States government through a patent validating 43119 acre in 1858. The Domínguez family name is still applied throughout the area, including the Dominguez Rancho Adobe historical landmark, in the unincorporated community of Rancho Dominguez, located between the cities of Compton, Long Beach and Carson. The tree that marked the original northern boundary of the rancho still stands at the corner of Poppy and Short streets.

In 1867, Griffith Dickenson Compton led a group of 30 pioneers to the area. These families had traveled by wagon train south from Stockton, California, in search of ways to earn a living other than the rapid exhaustion of gold fields. Originally named Gibsonville, after one of the tract owners, it was later called Comptonville. However, to avoid confusion with the Camptonville located in Yuba County, the name was shortened to Compton. Compton's earliest settlers were faced with terrible hardships as they farmed the land in bleak weather to get by with just the barest subsistence. The weather continued to be harsh, rainy and cold, and fuel was difficult to find. To gather firewood it was necessary to travel to mountains close to Pasadena. The round trip took almost a week. Many in the Compton party wanted to relocate to a friendlier climate and settle down, but as there were two general stores within traveling distance—one in the pueblo of Los Angeles, the other in Wilmington—they eventually decided to stay put.

By 1887, the settlers realized it was time to make improvements to the local government. A series of town meetings were held to discuss incorporation of their little town. Griffith D. Compton donated his land to incorporate and create the city of Compton in 1889, but he did stipulate that a certain acreage be zoned solely for agriculture and named Richland Farms. In January 1888, a petition supporting the incorporation of Compton was forwarded to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, who in turn forwarded the petition to the State Legislature. On May 11, 1888, the city of Compton was incorporated with a population of 500 people. The first City Council meeting was held on May 14, 1888.

In 1890, a series of votes were held by the residents of Compton, with the aim of shedding significant portions of the city. By the end of the year, Compton was down to only eighty acres of land, with five remaining voters residing within that territory. Due to the limited number of people able to fill positions within the city government, Compton effectively ceased to exist as a functioning city. By 1906, lawyers Emmett Wilson and E.T. Sherer filed suits to nullify the 1890 elections, which in turn restored Compton to a size of 600 acres. Compton was reborn, with elections held to fill open positions.

The ample residential lots of Richland Farms gave residents enough space to raise a family, and food to feed them, along with building a barn, and caring for livestock. The farms attracted the black families who had begun migrating from the rural South in the 1950s, and there they found their 'home away from home'. Compton could not support large-scale agricultural business, but it did give the residents the opportunity to work the land for their families.

The 1920s saw the opening of the Compton Airport. Compton Junior College was founded and city officials moved to a new City Hall on Alameda Street. On March 10, 1933, a destructive earthquake caused many casualties: schools were destroyed and there was major damage to the central business district. While it would eventually be home to a large black population, in 1930 there was only one black resident.

From the 1920s through the early 1940s, the Compton area was home to a sizable Japanese American population, a large proportion of whom were farmers. Shortly after President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, Compton residents of Japanese descent were forcibly removed from their homes and interned for the duration of World War II. Most were initially detained at the Santa Anita Assembly Center; they were later transferred to and incarcerated at Manzanar and other internment centers, called "Relocation Centers."

In the 1950s, middle-class black families began moving into the area, mostly on the west side. Compton grew quickly throughout the decade. This is partially due to its proximity to Watts, where there was an established black population. The eastern side of the city was predominantly white until the 1970s. Despite being located in the middle of a major metropolitan area, thanks to the legacy of Griffith D. Compton, there still remains one small pocket of agriculture from its earliest years.

During the 1950s and 1960s, after the Supreme Court declared all racially exclusive housing covenants (title deeds) unconstitutional in the case Shelley v. Kraemer, the first black families moved to the area. Compton's growing black population was still largely ignored and neglected by the city's elected officials. Centennial High School was finally built to accommodate a burgeoning student population. The City Council discussed dismantling the Compton Police Department in favor of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. A black man first ran for City Council in 1958, and the first black councilman was elected in 1961.

In 1969, Douglas Dollarhide became the mayor, the first black man elected mayor of any metropolitan city in California. Two African Americans and one Mexican-American were also elected to the local school board. Four years later, in 1973, Doris A. Davis defeated Dollarhide's bid for re-election to become the first female black mayor of a metropolitan American city. By the early 1970s, the city had one of the largest concentrations of African Americans in the country, at over sixty five percent. In 2013, Aja Brown, age 31, became the city's youngest mayor to date; she was re-elected in 2017.

For many years, Compton was a much sought-after suburb for the black middle class of Los Angeles. This past affluence is reflected in the area's appearance: Compton's streets are lined with relatively spacious and attractive single family houses. However, several factors have contributed to Compton's gradual decline. One of the most significant factors was a steady erosion of its tax base, something that was already sparse due to limited commercial properties. In later years, there were middle-class whites who fled to the newly incorporated cities of Artesia, Bellflower, Cerritos, Paramount and Norwalk in the late 1950s. These nearby cities remained largely white early on, despite integration. This white middle class flight accelerated following the 1965 Watts Riots and the 1992 Los Angeles riots.

By the late 1960s, middle-class and upper-middle-class African Americans found other areas to be more attractive to them. Some were unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County such as Ladera Heights, View Park and Windsor Hills, and others were cities such as Inglewood and Carson. Carson was particularly significant, because it had successfully thwarted attempts at annexation by neighboring Compton. The city opted instead for incorporation in 1968; notably, its black population was actually more affluent than its white population. As a newer city, it also offered more favorable tax rates and lower crime.

Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau's 2020 data, the city has a total area of 10.1 sqmi. 10.03 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (1.03%) is water.

Compton is bordered by the unincorporated Willowbrook on the north and northwest, the unincorporated West Compton on the west, the city of Carson on the southwest, the unincorporated Rancho Dominguez on the south, the city of Long Beach on the southeast, the city of Paramount and the unincorporated East Compton on the east, and by the city of Lynwood on the northeast.

East Compton
East Compton, also known as East Rancho Dominguez, is a mostly industrial unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP). The population was 15,135 according to the 2010 Census. East Rancho Dominguez is an accepted city name according to the USPS, and shares the 90221 ZIP Code with Compton. Its sphere of influence is the city of Compton, which has tried to annex East Rancho Dominguez, but business and property owners in the area have opposed the annexation.

2020 census
U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (PEP), updated annually, reported that the City of Compton has a population of 91,988 as of its 2022 estimate.

•	Owner-Occupied housing unit rate, 2018-2022 was 57.4%

•	Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units, 2018-2022 was $489,400

•	Households and Persons Per Household, 2018-2022 was 24,617, and 3.83 per household

•	Median Household Income, 2018-2022 was $69,728

None of the households in the City of Compton, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household. •	83.1% of the residents in Compton, CA are U.S. citizens.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Compton had a population of 96,455. The population density was 9,534.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Compton was 31,688 (32.9%) Black; 24,942 (25.9%) White, (0.8% Non-Hispanic White); 655 (0.7%) Native American; 292 (0.3%) Asian; 718 (0.7%) Pacific Islander; 34,914 (36.2%) from other races; and 3,246 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 62,669 persons (65.0%).

The Census reported that 95,700 people (99.2% of the population) lived in households, 643 (0.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 112 (0.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 23,062 households, out of which 13,376 (58.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,536 (45.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6,373 (27.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,354 (10.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,725 (7.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 158 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,979 households (12.9%) were made up of individuals, and 1,224 (5.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.15. There were 19,263 families (83.5% of all households); the average family size was 4.41.

The age distribution of the population was as follows: 31,945 people (33.1%) under the age of 18, 11,901 people (12.3%) aged 18 to 24, 26,573 people (27.5%) aged 25 to 44, 18,838 people (19.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 7,198 people (7.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

There were 24,523 housing units at an average density of 2,424.0 /mi2, of which 12,726 (55.2%) were owner-occupied, and 10,336 (44.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%. 53,525 people (55.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 42,175 people (43.7%) lived in rental housing units.

During 2009–2013, Compton has a median household income of $42,953, with 26.3% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

Crime
Following the Watts riots in 1965, crime in Compton rose sharply. Although the city was largely exempt from the destruction of the 1965 riot, it prompted middle-class residents to flee over the next few years. By 1969, it had the highest crime rate in the state of California.

In Black, Brown, and White: Stories Straight Outta Compton, Lynne Isbell and two friends from other ethnic backgrounds have written about their lives growing up in Compton during the 1960s and early 1970s. They tell how Compton changed from a mostly white town to a mostly black one and became known as "the Murder Capital of the United States".

Compton's violent reputation reached the national spotlight in the late 1980s with the rise of local gangsta rap groups Compton's Most Wanted and N.W.A, the latter of whom released the album Straight Outta Compton in 1988. The city became notorious for gang violence, primarily caused by the Bloods and Crips. After years of decline in crime, Compton's murder rate skyrocketed in 2004 with racial conflicts between Blacks and Latinos.

2005 was the city's deadliest year on record when the city murder rate reached 72 killings with a total population of 90,000 residents. The spike was the highest since 1991, when the city had more than 100,000 residents. The rise in homicides frightened residents who had long lived with high levels of gang violence but had seen a downturn in violent crime in recent years.

In 2013, the homicide rate was 36.8 per 100,000 residents, a decrease from the mid-2000s peak. Guns are used in the vast majority of homicides in Compton. Between 2000 and 2016, 91.5% were killed with guns compared to the national average of 67.7%. In 2015, there was a record low of 15 homicides while the homicide rate in the rest of the US increased. In recent years, homicides have increased while remaining well below the 1980s and 90s, with 32 in 2021.

The neighborhood lost residents with the worsening safety problems and, after the 1992 riots in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, many African Americans left the city.

Although U.S. News & World Report did not list Compton in the 2011 "11 Most Dangerous Cities" for overall crime rates in the United States, the CQ Press, using data from the FBI's annual report of crime statistics "Crime in the United States 2010," which ranked Compton as having the eighth highest crime rate in the country.

Compton experienced a drop in homicide in the late 1990s and 2000s. Crime has stabilized overall since the 2010s. The decrease in homicides has been attributed to various factors, including changing demographics, faster response times by police (reducing shots fired) and better medical care (increasing survival rates). Aja Brown, mayor elected in 2013, helped to settle turf wars between the gangs, which has further reduced the homicide rate.

"Gifts for Guns"
From 1999 to 2004, Compton's murder rate averaged at around 49 murders per 100,000 annually. In 2005, the city experienced an almost 45% increase in murders, although the annual numbers had dropped significantly in the prior three years. The Los Angeles Sheriff's Department began the annual "Gifts for Guns" program within that same year where the citizens of Compton were given the option to turn in firearms and receive a $50–$100 check for various goods in an effort to combat gun violence. People have turned in about 7,000 guns over the last few years, KABC-TV reported. The program's success has prompted the LASD to expand the program countywide.

Homelessness
In 2022, Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority's Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count counted 644 homeless individuals in Compton.

Mapping L.A.
Mexican was the most common ancestry according to the 2000 census. Mexico and El Salvador were the most common foreign places of birth in 2000.

Economy
In 1994, Compton was designated as an "Entrepreneurial Hot Spot" by Cognetics, Inc., an independent economic research firm. Compton made the national list for best places to start and grow a business, and ranked #2 in Los Angeles County out of a field of 88 cities. The city's Planning and Economic Development department provides a business assistance program consisting of a comprehensive mix of resources to small business owners and entrepreneurs. The grocery chains Ralphs and Food 4 Less, subsidiaries of Kroger, are headquartered in Compton. Gelson's Market, a subsidiary of Arden Group, Inc., a holding company, is also based there.

Compton is 10.12 square miles and is fondly known as the “Hub City” because of its unique geographical proximity being in the center of the Los Angeles County boundaries. As the ‘Hub City’ it makes Compton strategically located along the Alameda Corridor, a rail passageway of 25% of all U.S. waterborne international trade, in addition to being a large industrial center for transit and distribution, business services, high technology, home and lifestyle products, metals, financial services, and textile manufacturing. The Hub City is part of the Gateway region and has a 77-acre Compton / Woodley Airport that is home to 275 based aircraft and experiences over 66,000 flight operations each year. This air transportation asset is complemented by the Hub City's four major freeways adjacent to the city's boundaries. Interstate 710 runs from the seaports through the eastern boundary; the State Route 91 freeway extends through the southern boundary; Interstate 105 runs slightly along the north of the city; and Interstate 110 along to the west. Additionally, both Interstates 405 and 605 freeways are within two miles of Compton's southern and eastern edges, respectively.

Compton is surrounded by multiple freeways that provide access to destinations throughout the region. The Long Beach and Los Angeles Ports are less than 20 minutes from downtown Compton, providing access to international destinations for customers and suppliers. The Alameda Corridor, a passageway for 25% of all U.S. waterborne international trade, runs directly through Compton from north to south.

The City of Compton's Parks and Recreation Department operates and maintains a total of 16 playgrounds for a combined 118 acre of active park space. Facilities include six community centers, seven neighborhood parks, two walking parks, two competition-size swimming pools, three regulation size gymnasiums, a skate park, Jackie Robinson Baseball Stadium, Nine-Hole Par 3 Golf Course, and the two-story 29641 sqft Douglas F. Dollarhide Community Center.

Arts and culture
Some episodes of the sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air took place in Compton because Will Smith's friend, DJ Jazzy Jeff, lived there. Many rap artists' careers started in Compton, including N.W.A (Eazy-E, MC Ren, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, DJ Yella), Coolio, DJ Quik, 2nd II None, Hi-C, Tweedy Bird Loc, The Game, Kendrick Lamar, YG, Vince Staples, Roddy Ricch, and Compton's Most Wanted. In their lyrics, they rap about the streets and their lives in Compton and the areas nearby. Blues musician Keb' Mo' is also from Compton.

Compton has been referred to on numerous occasions in gang affiliation, gangsta rap and g-funk songs, especially in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, and so has attained an association not only with gang violence and crime, but with hip hop music as well. The city is known as the home of many famous rappers. The Compton Swap Meet is featured prominently in the remix version of the 1995 #1 song California Love. Championed by the Compton Entertainment Chamber of Commerce, the city of Compton honored Musical Entertainer rapper Eazy-E, aka, Eric Lynn Wright with a symbolic street in his stage name. On November 22, 2023, the 100 block of Auto Drive South, which runs off Alameda Street and into the Gateway Towne Center shopping plaza was renamed to Eazy Street. Eazy-E grew into the music industry as part the N.W.A group that spawned hip hop icons, such as Easy-E, Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, Mc Ren and many others. In 1988, N.W.A released the colossal hit song Straight Outta Compton, which is the incontestable communicable global catchphrase for the City of Compton. [Eric Lynn Wright, was born September 7, 1964, in Compton, and passed away March 26, 1995.]

Many NBA players attended high school in the city as well. Arron Afflalo attended Centennial High School; DeMar DeRozan attended Compton High School; and Tayshaun Prince, Tyson Chandler, Brandon Jennings, Cedric Ceballos and the late Dennis Johnson attended Dominguez High. Actor/comedian Paul Rodriguez Sr. also attended Dominguez High.

Although an inner suburb of Los Angeles, Compton has seen an increase of middle-class residents in the last few years, due to its affordable housing. With the influx of immigrants and the demographic shift in ethnic population, it was after the 2000 U.S. Census that Latinos were recognized as the majority.

Compton has evolved into a younger population; the median age of people living in Compton was 25 at the time of the census survey in 2010; the United States average at the time was 35.3.

Compton is home to the Compton Cricket Club, the only all American-born exhibition cricket team. Its founder, Ted Hayes, said, "The aim of playing cricket is to teach people how to respect themselves and respect authority so they stop killing each other." Tam's Burgers has been seen as a symbol of the city.

Historical landmarks
Angeles Abbey Memorial Park contains examples of Byzantine, Moorish and Spanish architectural styles. The cemetery was built in 1923 and survived the 1933 Long Beach earthquake.

Compton Airport opened on May 10, 1924. Located on Alondra Boulevard, the airport offers flight training, has accommodations for more than 200 planes, and is home to several aviation clubs.

The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial sits in a plaza surrounded by the Civic Center, Compton Court House, Compton City Hall, and Compton Public Library.

The Eagle Tree is a natural boundary marker of Rancho San Pedro dating to 1858. It contains a historic marker and plaque placed by the Daughters of the Golden West in 1947.

The 'Heritage House' was built in 1869 and is a California Historical Landmark, and a Los Angeles County Historic Landmark. The oldest house in Compton, it was restored as a tribute to early settlers. It is an important landmark of Compton's rich history. At the corner of Myrrh and Willowbrook near the Civic Center Plaza, the Heritage House is a rustic-looking home that will eventually have a museum detailing early life in Compton. For now it shows the stark difference between the simple life of the 19th century and the fast-paced urban environment of the 21st. The oldest tree in Compton was the Eagle Tree, which marked the boundary of Rancho San Pedro. It fell in 2022.

Woodlawn Memorial Park contains the graves of 17 American Civil War veterans.

Municipal government
After Lionel Cade, an accountant, assumed the mayor's office in 1977, one of the first orders of business was to conduct an audit of the city's finances. It was discovered that the city was $2 million in debt. The administration was able to eliminate the huge deficit in one year by making cuts in every department. It also aggressively sought federal funding to help pay for essential services, which was at least partially effective. However, with the passage of the property tax cutting initiative Proposition 13 by California voters, Compton was one of the cities hardest hit, since it had already eliminated most of the excess from its budget.

Corruption
Civic corruption has also been a widespread problem in Compton. In the early 1990s, United States Attorney Joey Chin conducted a series of investigations, centered on a phony waste-to-energy scheme, that ultimately ensnared a number of prominent elected officials.

In 2000, the Compton Police Department was disbanded amidst controversy and charges of corruption. The police department claims it was disbanded after investigations of gang activity led to then-Compton Mayor Omar Bradley. Once this became public, the mayor charged it was the police who were themselves corrupt, and he disbanded the police department. Omar Bradley has since faced serious corruption charges. Regardless of the situation, an alternative form of law enforcement was sought. Compton's policing needs are currently served by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department.

Eric J. Perrodin, the city's former mayor, was investigated in 2007 by the California State Bar for threatening to violate a local newspaper's First Amendment rights after the paper printed an investigative report relative to a contract granted to one of Perrodin's associates. Following the report, Perrodin threatened to yank the city's advertising contract with the paper A Times review of city records shows Perrodin was absent from city board and commission meetings nearly two-thirds of the time between July 2009 and July 2010.

Current recall efforts are a direct response from residents of the accusations of corruption of the city's mayor and council. Some of the accusations involve the issuing of city contracts to personal donors and friends. One particular accusation involved the trash and recycling contract of the city to Pacific Coast Waste and Recycling LLC in 2007, whose leadership donated large amounts of money to Perrodin's political coffers.

Notices of intent to circulate recall petitions against four Compton city officials are expected to be filed in August 2010, by a group of citizens who claim corruption in Compton is being ignored by the same authorities who were shocked by the recent salary controversy in the city of Bell.

Compton had discharged its city manager, in 2010, the second time in three years. The Los Angeles Times says the City Council voted in a closed meeting, September 9, 2010, to fire Charles Evans. The Times says council members refused to discuss the reasons for their decision. Evans took office in 2007, after the dismissal of previous City Manager Barbara Kilroy. City Controller Willie Norfleet will take over until a permanent manager can be named.

In July 2021, U.S. Representative Maxine Waters called for a Department of Justice inquiry into whether a deputy gang called the Executioners was operating out of the Compton station of the LASD.

State and federal representation
In the state legislature, Compton is in, and in.

In the U.S. House of Representatives, Compton is in.

Education
The city is served by Compton Unified School District. All of Compton is in CUSD, except for a small sliver of land in the Paramount Unified School District. The CUSD district is a participant of the FOCUS program conducted by the University of California, Irvine. The goals of the program are to improve mathematics and science achievement by uniting the efforts of mathematics, science, education and research library faculty and staff with educators of the school district.

The CUSD provides public education for grades K–12. The district operates 24 elementary schools, eight middle schools, three high schools, and one adult school, which also serves as an alternative school. The district maintains five alternative learning schools.

The four high schools of the CUSD are Centennial High School, Compton Early College High School, Dominguez High School, and Compton High School.

The city is also served by Compton College, which offers community college courses for those planning to enter a four-year degree program, as well as those seeking further education in specific trade fields.

The Compton Library offers adult, children's and Spanish language materials; reference services; a Literacy Center and a Homework Center; public computers with Internet access and word processing capabilities; public typewriters; and a bilingual story time every Saturday at 12:00 noon.

Occidental's Center for Food and Justice and its Compton Farm-to-School project were featured in a segment of Life and Times, a half-hour news program on PBS member television station KCET in Los Angeles.

Barack Obama Charter School is a kindergarten through sixth grade public charter school.

Infrastructure
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the South Health Center in Watts, Los Angeles, serving Compton.

The United States Postal Service operates the Compton Post Office at 701 South Santa Fe Avenue, the Hub City Post Office at 101 South Willowbrook Avenue, and the Fashion Square Post Office at 2100 North Long Beach Boulevard.

Law enforcement
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department operates the Compton Station in Compton. When the LASD replaced the Compton Police Department in 2000, they increased patrol service hours from 127,410 to 141,692. Compton Station is centrally located in the Los Angeles area. The station is easily accessible from the Century Freeway (I-105) to the north, the Gardena Freeway (SR-91) to the south, the Harbor Freeway (I-110) to the west, and the Long Beach Freeway (I-710) to the east. Diane Walker, a 30-year veteran of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, was promoted to the rank of captain by Sheriff Lee Baca, and is now commander of Compton Station. There is also a LASD substation located in the Gateway Town Center.

Transportation
Four freeways are within or near the city's boundaries and provide access to destinations throughout the region. Interstate 710 runs through the eastern boundary, State Route 91 runs through the southern boundary. Interstate 105 runs slightly along the north of the city, and Interstate 110 along to the west.

The Metro A Line (formerly the Blue Line) light rail runs north–south through Compton. Compton station is in the heart of the city, adjacent to the Renaissance Shopping Center. Artesia station serves the southern part of the city. The A Line connects Compton to downtown Los Angeles and downtown Long Beach.

There is also a Compton Renaissance Transit System that serves the area.

Compton/Woodley Airport is a small general aviation airport located in the city. The airport lies within busy airspace, as it is situated within a few miles of both Los Angeles International Airport and Long Beach Airport.

Greyhound Lines operates the Compton station.

Collectively, these multifaceted transportation links lend justification to the city's familiar nickname of "the Hub City."

From 1902 to 1961, Compton was served by the Pacific Electric Long Beach Line.

Sister cities
On January 19, 2010, the Compton City Council passed a resolution creating a sister cities program, to be managed as a chapter of the Compton Chamber of Commerce. The city has established partnerships:
 * Apia, Samoa (2010)
 * Onitsha, Nigeria (2010)
 * Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain (2010)

title: Compton, California


text:
Covina, California

Covina (/koviːnə/) is a city in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States, about 22 mi east of Downtown Los Angeles The population was 51,268 according to the 2020 census, up from 47,796 at the 2010 census. The city's slogan, "One Mile Square and All There", was coined when the incorporated area of the city was only 1 mi2.

Covina is bordered by West Covina, to its south and west side. Irwindale lies to the west, as well as the unincorporated area of Vincent, and the city of Baldwin Park. Azusa and Glendora are to the north, the unincorporated community of Charter Oak to the northeast, San Dimas to the east, the unincorporated area of Ramona and city of Pomona to the southeast.

History
Present-day Covina was originally within the homelands of the indigenous Tongva people for 5,000 to 8,000 years. In the 18th century it became part of Rancho La Puente in Alta California, a 1770s Spanish colonial and 1842 Mexican land grant.

The city of Covina was founded in 1882 by Joseph Swift Phillips, on a 2000 acre tract that was purchased from the holdings of John Edward Hollenbeck, one of the 1842 grantees of Rancho La Puente. In 1875 Hollenbeck had purchased a failed coffee plantation from three Costa Rican brothers, Pedro Maria Badilla, Julian Badilla, and Pedro Antonio Badilla; the latter purchased it from the heirs of Hollenbeck's 1842 co-grantee John A. Rowland. Four streets of Covina were named after these people, as well as Rancho La Puente, which include Badillo Street, Puente Street, Rowland Street, and Hollenbeck Avenue.

The City of Covina was named by a young engineer, Frederick Eaton, who was hired by Phillips to survey the area. Impressed by the way that the valleys of the adjacent San Gabriel Mountains formed a natural cove around the vineyards that had been planted by the region's earlier pioneers, Eaton merged the words "cove" and "vine", and in 1885, created the name Covina for the new township.

The city was incorporated in 1901, the townsite bounded by Puente Street on the south, 1st Avenue on the east, the alley north of College Street on the north, and 4th Avenue on the west. The city's slogan, "One Mile Square and All There", was coined by Mrs F. E. Wolfarth, the winner of a 1922 slogan contest sponsored by the chamber of commerce.

It was not vineyards but orange and grapefruit groves that blanketed the city. By 1909, the city was the third-largest orange producer in the world, and it still claimed to have "the best oranges in the world" as late as the 1950s. Since World War II, however, the orange groves have been largely replaced by single-family (houses) and multiple-family (apartments) dwellings.

The Covina Valley Historical Society maintains an archive illustrating the city's history in the 1911-built Firehouse Jail Museum, Covina's first municipal building, located immediately behind City Hall in Covina's Old Town.

Opened in 1997, the Covina AMC 30 located at Arrow Highway and Azusa Avenue is one of the busiest theatres in the United States. The movie theater was built on the site of a former Sears building and claims to have the largest movie multiplex in Los Angeles County.

It has been a sister city of Xalapa, Mexico, since 1964. A replica of a giant stone Olmec head, located in a place of honor in Parque Xalapa, was given to the city in 1989 by the state of Veracruz. According to the placard placed below the head, it was originally excavated from San Lorenzo de Tenochtitlan. The statue was later moved from its location in front of the police department to Jalapa Park in the southeast portion of the city.

2008 marked both the opening and the charter season of the Covina Center for the Performing Arts, a newly remodeled multimillion-dollar theatrical venue in downtown Covina.

2008 massacre
On December 24, 2008, a shooting and arson occurred. Bruce Jeffrey Pardo, dressed in a Santa Claus costume, entered a Christmas party at his ex-wife's residence and opened fire. After the shootings, Pardo unwrapped a Christmas package containing a homemade flamethrower and used it to set the home ablaze. When he left, nine family members were dead and the house was engulfed in flames. After the massacre, Pardo drove his rental car to his brother's house in Sylmar, approximately 30 mi away from the attack. He was later found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The slayings left 15 children without one or both parents.

Geography
Covina is located at 34.09167°N, -117.87917°W (34.091609, -117.879193).

The only freeway that passes through the area is a very small stretch of Interstate 10. Covina is centered in the midst of Interstate 210 (Foothill Freeway) to the north, Interstate 605 (San Gabriel River Freeway) to the west, State Route 57 (Orange Freeway) to the east, and Interstate 10 to the south.

The Southern Pacific Railroad, which reached Covina in 1884, and the Metrolink San Bernardino Line pass through the city just north of the downtown area. The city is served by Covina station.The town is located at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains in the San Gabriel Valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.0 sqmi—99.78% of it is land and 0.22% of it is water.

Climate
This region experiences hot, dry summers and mild, occasionally rainy winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Covina has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Covina had a population of 47,796. The population density was 6,788.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Covina was
 * 27,937 (58.5%) White (29.9% Non-Hispanic White),
 * 2,013 (4.2%) African American,
 * 532 (1.1%) Native American,
 * 5,684 (11.9%) Asian,
 * 104 (0.2%) Pacific Islander,
 * 9,230 (19.3%) from other races, and
 * 2,296 (4.8%) from two or more races.
 * 25,030 (52.4%) Hispanic or Latino of any race were.

The Census reported that 47,361 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 68 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 367 (0.8%) were institutionalized.

There were 15,855 households, out of which 6,396 (40.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 7,931 (50.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,815 (17.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,072 (6.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 978 (6.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 94 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,153 households (19.9%) were made up of individuals, and 1,179 (7.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99. There were 11,818 families (74.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.43.

The population was spread out, with 11,896 people (24.9%) under the age of 18, 5,043 people (10.6%) aged 18 to 24, 13,113 people (27.4%) aged 25 to 44, 12,174 people (25.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,570 people (11.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

There were 16,576 housing units at an average density of 2,354.2 /sqmi, of which 9,256 (58.4%) were owner-occupied, and 6,599 (41.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.4%. 28,707 people (60.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 18,654 people (39.0%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Covina had a median household income of $66,726, with 11.3% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

An additional 31,072 residents live in zip codes associated with Covina but outside the city limits, making the total Covina-area population 78,868 at the time of the 2010 census.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 46,837 people, 15,971 households, and 11,754 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,723.7 PD/sqmi. There were 16,364 housing units at an average density of 2,349.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 62.10% White, 5.03% Black or African American, 0.90% Native American, 9.82% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 17.18% from other races, and 4.78% from two or more races. 40.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 15,971 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.36.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,474, and the median income for a family was $55,111. Males had a median income of $40,687 versus $32,329 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,231. About 8.9% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

An additional 30,000 residents live in unincorporated areas of the three zip codes associated with Covina but outside the city limits, making the total Covina-area population 76,417.

Mexican and German were the most common ancestries. Mexico and the Philippines were the most common foreign places of birth.

Latino population
Hispanics made up 13% of Covina's residents in 1980, 26% in 1990, 40% in 2000, and 52% in 2010. The most latest and official census numbers showed Covina is 58.8% Latino

Top employers
According to the city's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Government and infrastructure
Local government in Covina is run by an elected city council through their hired city manager. Covina residents are represented at-large, currently by the following elected officials: Mayor Walter Allen III, Mayor Pro Tem John C. King, Councilmember Patricia Cortez, Councilmember Hector Delgado, and Councilmember Victor Linares.

In the California State Legislature, Covina is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Covina is in.

Covinans who access county health services may use the Pomona Health Center in Pomona or the Monrovia Health Center in Monrovia, both operated by the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services.

Education
Covina is served by three unified school districts. The Covina-Valley Unified School District, which serves most of the city, the Charter Oak Unified School District, which serves the eastern portion and the Azusa Unified School District, which serves a small portion in the northwest.

Covina-Valley USD schools located in Covina include:

 * Barranca Elementary School
 * Ben Lomond Elementary School
 * Cypress Valley Elementary School
 * Manzanita Elementary School
 * Merwin Elementary School
 * Las Palmas Middle School
 * Sierra Vista Middle School
 * Covina High School
 * Northview High School

Charter Oak USD schools located in Covina include:

 * Badillo Elementary School
 * Cedargrove Elementary School
 * Glen Oak Elementary School
 * Royal Oak Middle School
 * Charter Oak High School

Azusa USD schools located in Covina include:

 * Gladstone Middle School

In popular culture
Covina is the fictional setting for the Harold Teen comic strip and 1934 movie that depicted several teenagers from Covina High School. A downtown Covina malt shop was named the Sugar Bowl (with the permission of the artist Carl Eds), imitating the after-school gathering place in the comic strip.

Scenes from several movies and television shows have been filmed in Covina, including:
 * The television series Roswell was filmed in various location in Covina including the downtown area on North Citrus Avenue. City Hall, Charter Oak High School and several other businesses and residences served as locations for the fictional version of the town of Roswell, New Mexico.
 * Multiple episodes of the hit television series Knight Rider were filmed in Downtown "Old" Covina, including an episode coincidentally shot at Knight's Photo Studio on Citrus, where David Hasselhoff greeted fans and passed out signed photographs.
 * One of the ending shots of the movie Frailty was filmed on Center St. off of Hollenbeck.
 * During the opening diner scene in Reservoir Dogs, a poster featured in the background shot is of a carnival located on Covina Blvd. and Bonnie Cove Ave.
 * The "Bohemian Rhapsody" scene from the film Wayne's World was filmed on Citrus Avenue in downtown Covina, although some external shots were filmed in other locations.
 * The "Grey Poupon" scene from Wayne's World was shot on Citrus Avenue. Covina Hobby was visible in the background. Having two cars side-by-side reflects (incorrectly) that the main drag had four lanes.
 * The "cruising" portion of Hometown USA was filmed on Citrus Avenue.
 * The interior of Covina Public Library served as the Baltimore County Public Library for the 2004 television movie Back When We Were Grownups.
 * An episode of Tabatha's Salon Takeover was filmed in Downtown "Old" Covina at Tantrum on Citrus Avenue.
 * The theater in downtown Covina (refurbished in 2008), the library and neighborhood streets around downtown were used in the filming of High School U.S.A.—a 1983 movie starring Michael J. Fox and Nancy McKeon.
 * The small independent film Small Time, starring Christopher Meloni and Bridget Moynahan, was filmed at Clippinger Chevrolet, which used to be at San Bernardino Road and Citrus Avenue in Downtown Covina.
 * A satirical short film called Make America Great? by filmmaker Candice Vernon was filmed at Holy Trinity Episcopal Church located at Badillo and Third Avenue.

Notable people

 * Leo Baker – professional skateboarder, attended Northview High School
 * Rick Baker – seven-time Academy Award-winning makeup artist; films include American Werewolf In London, Ed Wood, Men In Black and The Wolfman
 * Pamela Baird, child actress, My Friend Flicka, Leave It to Beaver, graduated from Covina High School, class of 1963
 * Irma Blanco – L.A. radio personality, resided in Covina
 * Tom Brunansky – Major League Baseball player and coach, played from 1985 to 2000 for New York Mets, Minnesota Twins, Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs; 1985 All-Star, member of 1987 World Series champion Twins; born in Covina
 * Clyde Christensen – offensive coordinator of NFL's Miami Dolphins; born in Covina, attended Royal Oak High School
 * Jack Clark – Major League Baseball player for San Francisco Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, New York Yankees, San Diego Padres and Boston Red Sox from 1975 to 1992; hit .267 with 340 home runs, played in 1985 World Series, four-time MLB All-Star; graduated from Gladstone High School in 1973
 * Art Clokey – creator of Gumby; with wife Ruth invented Gumby in the early 1950s at their Covina home after Art finished film school at USC
 * Casey Dailey – football player for Northwestern and NFL's New York Jets
 * Herschel Daugherty – former film, television and theatre director.
 * William "Billie" Raymond DeVrell (1937–1981) – Wonderland Gang member killed in 1981 Wonderland murders is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks and Mortuaries (Covina Hills)
 * Donald W. Evans Jr., Sp4., (1943–1967) – Army medic awarded Medal of Honor for bravery in Vietnam War, plus Purple Heart; born in Covina
 * Donna Fargo – country singer, taught English at Northview High School in the 1960s and 1970s
 * Hussein Mohamed Farrah – son of Mohamed Farrah Aidid and former President of Somalia, graduated from Covina High School
 * Frank Farris – mathematician
 * Jason David Frank (1973–2022) – played Tommy Oliver in the Power Rangers franchise
 * Rod Gilfry – opera baritone
 * Roy Harris – composer, grew up on strawberry farm in Covina and attended Covina High School
 * Lillian Kinkella Keil – decorated World War II flight nurse; born in Covina
 * Ward Kimball – one of original Disney animators, leader of Dixieland band Firehouse Five Plus Two; Covina High School class of 1929
 * Robert Knapp – actor, lived in Covina in his teenage years and worked in orange groves
 * Bob Lorenz – anchor and studio host, New York Yankees TV network (YES Network); previously with CNN, CNNSI and Turner Sports
 * Mike Lynn – former NBA player for Los Angeles Lakers
 * Jeremy Miller – actor in TV comedy series Growing Pains; born and raised in Covina
 * John Molina Jr. – boxer, born in Covina
 * Corey Nakatani – jockey, winner of nearly 4,000 races; born and raised in Covina
 * Vince Neil and Tommy Lee of Mötley Crüe – met while attending Royal Oak High School
 * Kelly Nichols – former pornographic film actress
 * Aaron Perez – Soccer player
 * PattiSue Plumer – Athlete in 1980 and 1988 Olympics
 * Polly Plumer – American track and field runner
 * Alice Huyler Ramsey – died in Covina; first woman to drive across America from coast to coast. On June 9, 1909, the 22-year-old housewife and mother from Hackensack, New Jersey, completed 3800 mi from Manhattan, New York, to San Francisco, California, in a Maxwell automobile; she was accompanied on the 59-day trek by three female companions, none of whom could drive a car.
 * Mitrice Richardson – dancer
 * Jeron Roberts (born 1976) - American-Israeli basketball player
 * Gary Roenicke – Major League Baseball outfielder for Montreal Expos (1976), Baltimore Orioles (1978–85), New York Yankees (1986) and Atlanta Braves (1987–88), hit .247 with 121 home runs; born in Covina
 * Ron Roenicke – Major League Baseball player and manager, coach of 2002 World Series champion Anaheim Angels; born in Covina
 * Bobby Rose – Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball player; born in Covina
 * Rio Ruiz – baseball third baseman
 * Willie Shoemaker (1931–2003) – Hall of Fame jockey with 8,833 wins including four Kentucky Derbys; attended Covina High School
 * Jean Stafford – Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and short-story writer
 * Tatiana Suarez – mixed martial artist
 * Rob Wilfong – Major League Baseball player for Minnesota Twins, California Angels and San Francisco Giants from 1977 to 1987, batted .248 with 39 home runs; graduated from Northview HS in 1971
 * Chris Woodward – Major League Baseball player (1999–2010) for Toronto Blue Jays, New York Mets, Atlanta Braves, Boston Red Sox, and Seattle Mariners; born in Covina and attended Northview HS
 * Ellen Beach Yaw (known as Lark Ellen) – a coloratura soprano active during the 19th and 20th centuries, who toured the world singing opera for over 40 years and chose to retire in Covina; a street in city is named for her
 * Jennifer York – award-winning Los Angeles traffic reporter and bassist; born in Covina
 * Michael Young – Major League Baseball infielder, 7-time All-Star selection with Texas Rangers (2004–2009, 2011), 2005 American League batting champion, 2006 MLB All-Star Game MVP, 2008 Gold Glove Award winner; born in Covina

Sister city
Covina has one sister city:
 * Xalapa, Mexico

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Covina, California


text:
Cudahy, California

Cudahy is a city located in southeastern Los Angeles County, California, United States. In area, Cudahy is the second smallest city in Los Angeles County after Hawaiian Gardens but with one of the highest population densities of any incorporated city in the United States. It is part of the Gateway Cities region and had a population of 23,805 as of the 2010 U.S. Census.

History
Cudahy is named for its founder, meat-packing baron Michael Cudahy, who purchased the original 2777 acre of Rancho San Antonio in 1908 to resell as 1 acre lots. These "Cudahy lots" were notable for their size—in most cases, 50 to 100 ft in width and 600 to 800 ft in depth, at least equivalent to a city block in most American towns. Such parcels, often referred to as "railroad lots", were intended to allow the new town's residents to keep a large vegetable garden, a grove of fruit trees (usually citrus), and a chicken coop or horse stable. This arrangement, popular in the towns along the lower Los Angeles and San Gabriel rivers, proved particularly attractive to the Southerners and Midwesterners who were leaving their struggling farms in droves in the 1910s and 1920s to start new lives in Southern California.

Sam Quinones of the Los Angeles Times said that the large, narrow parcels of land gave Cudahy Acres a "rural feel in an increasingly urban swath." As late as the 1950s, some Cudahy residents were still riding into the city's downtown areas on horseback. After World War II the city was a White American blue collar town with steel and automobile plants in the area.

By the late 1970s, the factories closed down and the white residents of Cudahy left for jobs and housing in the San Gabriel and San Fernando Valleys. Stucco apartment complexes were built on former tracts of land. The population density increased; in 2007 the city was the second-densest in California, after Maywood.

The city was subjected to a major political corruption incident when the former mayor and the one-time city manager were indicted on bribery and extortion charges for supporting the opening of a medical marijuana dispensary. As a result of these charges, on July 12, 2012, ex-mayor David Silva, councilman Osvaldo Conde, and former City Manager Angel Perales, 43, each pleaded guilty to one count of bribery and extortion; according to plea agreements they each face up to 30 years in prison.

On January 14, 2020, Delta Air Lines Flight 89 dumped jet fuel onto Cudahy, while making an emergency landing at Los Angeles International Airport. Park Avenue Elementary School suffered the brunt of this dumping. This incident sparked outrage because of the city's previous history of environmental damage, including the construction of the same school on top of an old dump site that contained contaminated soil with toxic sludge, and pollution from the Exide battery plant. The mayor, Elizabeth Alcantar, pushed for better compensation from Delta for the impact on residents and the city.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.175 km2, over 95% of it land.

Cudahy is bordered by Bell on the north, Bell Gardens on the east, South Gate on the south and southwest, and Huntington Park on the west.

In 2007, of the 5,800 housing units, 5,000 were rentals.

2010
At the 2010 census Cudahy had a population of 23,805. The population density was 19,417.5 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Cudahy was 11,708 (49.2%) White (2.1% Non-Hispanic White), 333 (1.4%) African American, 246 (1.0%) Native American, 137 (0.6%) Asian, 24 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 10,339 (43.4%) from other races, and 1,018 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22,850 persons (96.0%).

The census reported that 23,797 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 8 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 5,607 households, 3,712 (66.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,941 (52.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,362 (24.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 686 (12.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 589 (10.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 42 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 399 households (7.1%) were one person and 176 (3.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.24. There were 4,989 families (89.0% of households); the average family size was 4.32.

The age distribution was 8,325 people (35.0%) under the age of 18, 2,858 people (12.0%) aged 18 to 24, 7,279 people (30.6%) aged 25 to 44, 4,121 people (17.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,222 people (5.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 27.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

There were 5,770 housing units at an average density of 4,706.5 per square mile, of the occupied units 1,011 (18.0%) were owner-occupied and 4,596 (82.0%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.3%. 4,355 people (18.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 19,442 people (81.7%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Cudahy had a median household income of $38,267, with 31.8% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 24,208 people in 5,419 households, including 4,806 families, in the city. The population density was 21,627.7 PD/sqmi. There were 5,542 housing units at an average density of 4,951.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 43.14% White, 1.24% Black or African American, 1.28% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 48.06% from other races, and 5.37% from two or more races. 94.14% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 5,419 households 66.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.3% were non-families. 8.1% of households were one person and 3.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 4.47 and the average family size was 4.58.

The age distribution was 39.9% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 11.7% from 45 to 64, and 3.7% 65 or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,040, and the median family income was $28,833. Males had a median income of $19,149 versus $16,042 for females. The per capita income for the city was $8,688. About 26.4% of families and 28.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.1% of those under age 18 and 18.1% of those age 65 or over.

Latino communities

Government
In the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, Cudahy is in the Fourth District, represented by Janice Hahn.

In the California State Legislature, Cudahy is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Cudahy is in.

Cudahy's council is elected through at-large elections with four-year seats.

2015
In March 2015, Measure A, which proposed a term limit of two four-year terms for City Council members, with partial terms of any length counting as a full term, was put to a vote. The measure was approved, with 672 "yes" votes to 133 "no" votes.

In that same election, five people (Christian Hernandez, Cristian Markovich, Adam Ochoa, Diane Oliva, and Baru Sanchez) ran for three city council seats. Hernandez, Markovich, and Sanchez won the election.

Infrastructure
Police Services used to be contracted through the City of Bell, but now contracts with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department.

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Whittier Health Center in Whittier, serving Cudahy.

The United States Postal Service Cudahy Post Office is located at 4619 Elizabeth Street.

Economy
After World War II the population of Cudahy worked for plants operated by General Motors, Chrysler, Firestone, and Bethlehem Steel. In 2007 the largest employers in Cudahy were the Kmart/Big Lots Center and the Superior Super Warehouse.

Education
Cudahy is a part of the Los Angeles Unified School District. Cudahy is served by several schools, including Teresa Hughes Elementary School, Park Avenue Elementary School, Elizabeth Learning Center (a neighborhood school for grades K-8 and a high school for grades 9 through 12), Ochoa Learning Center (K-8), and Bell High School in Bell.

All residents are zoned to Bell High School. Any student who lives in the Bell or Huntington Park High School zones may apply to Maywood Academy High School; Maywood Academy, which opened in 2005 and moved into its permanent campus in 2006, does not have its own attendance boundary because it lacks American football, track and field, and tennis facilities.

Jaime Escalante Elementary School opened in Cudahy on August 16, 2010, named after Jaime Escalante, who was an East Los Angeles-high school educator.

An analysis based on census data, classified Cudahy as the 4th least educated city in California with 37.9 of its population not having completed the ninth grade.

Public libraries
The County of Los Angeles Public Library operates the Cudahy Library at 5218 Santa Ana Street.

title: Cudahy, California


text:
Culver City, California

Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,779.

In the 1920s, the city became a center for film and later television production, best known as the home of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios from 1924 to 1986. From 1932 to 1986, it was the headquarters for the Hughes Aircraft Company. National Public Radio West and Sony Pictures Entertainment have headquarters in the city. The city was named after its founder, Harry Culver. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Los Angeles, but also shares a border with the unincorporated area of Ladera Heights.

Early history
Archaeological evidence suggests a human presence in the area of present-day Culver City since at least 8000 BCE. The region was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieliño Native Americans. For centuries, native people lived in areas currently part of and surrounding Culver City. California's native people were massacred by waves of Spanish, Mexican and Euro-American invaders through a combination of slavery, disease, relocation, forced labor, imprisonment, broken treaties and a genocidal war of extermination, including paid bounties for dead "Indians". The Spanish and Mexican governments offered concessions and land grants from 1785 to 1846 forming the Ranchos of California. Culver City was founded on the lands of the former Rancho La Ballona and Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes. When Culver City was founded, native, Hispanic or Latino people were not allowed to buy property.

During the American Civil War, a U.S. Army post called Camp Latham was established from 1861 to 1862 on the south bank of Ballona Creek.

Culver City
Harry Culver first attempted to establish Culver City in 1913. It was officially incorporated on September 20, 1917, and named after its founder. The area benefited from pre-existing transportation links; Culver's first ads read "All roads lead to Culver City". The city was explicitly founded as a whites-only sundown town, as were most of the suburbs and towns outside the downtown and Central Avenue districts of Los Angeles. Culver ran ads promoting "this model little white city", while his close associate, Guy M. Rush, promoted lot sales "restricted to Caucasian race". The city also at times excluded people of non-Christian religious faiths.

The weekly Culver City Call was the first newspaper in the community. The paper was founded in 1915.

The first film studio in Culver City was built by Thomas Ince in 1918 for The Triangle Motion Picture Company. Silent film comedy producer Hal Roach built his studios there in 1919, and Metro Goldwyn Mayer (MGM) took over the Triangle studio complex in 1924. During Prohibition, speakeasies and nightclubs such as the Cotton Club lined Washington Boulevard.

Culver Center, one of Southern California's first shopping malls, was completed in 1950 on Venice Boulevard near the Overland Avenue intersection.

Hughes Aircraft Company
Hughes Aircraft opened its Culver City plant in July 1941. There the company built the H-4 Hercules transport (commonly called the "Spruce Goose"). Hughes was also an active subcontractor during World War II. It developed and patented a flexible feed chute for faster loading of machine guns on B-17 bombers, and manufactured electric booster drives for machine guns. Hughes produced more ammunition belts than any other American manufacturer, and built 5,576 wings and 6,370 rear fuselage sections for Vultee BT-13 trainers.

Hughes grew after the war, and in 1953 Howard Hughes donated all his stock in the company to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. After he died in 1976, the institute sold the company, which made it the second-best-endowed medical research foundation in the world.

The studios (1960s, 1970s and 1980s)

The Hal Roach Studios were demolished in 1963. In the late 1960s, much of the MGM backlot acreage (lot 3 and other property on Jefferson Boulevard), and the nearby 28.5 acre known as RKO Forty Acres, once owned by RKO Pictures and later Desilu Productions, were sold by their owners. In 1976 the sets were razed to make way for redevelopment. Today, the RKO site is the southern expansion of the Hayden Industrial Tract, while the MGM property has been converted into a subdivision and a shopping center known as Raintree Plaza.

Rebirth of downtown (1990s and 2000s)
In the early 1990s, Culver City launched a successful revitalization program in which it renovated its downtown as well as several shopping centers in the Sepulveda Boulevard corridor near Westfield Culver City. Around the same time, Sony's motion picture subsidiaries, Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures, moved into the former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer lot which was renamed Columbia Studios in 1990 and took on its current name, Sony Pictures Studios, a year later.

There was an influx of art galleries and restaurants on the eastern part of the city, which was formally designated the Culver City Art District.

Geography

The city is surrounded by the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Mar Vista and Palms to the north; Westchester to the south; Mid-City, West Adams, and Baldwin Hills to the east; the Ladera Heights unincorporated area to the southeast; and the L.A. neighborhoods of Venice and Playa Vista to the west, along with the unincorporated area of Marina del Rey.

Culver City's major geographic feature is Ballona Creek, which runs northeast to southwest through most of the city before it drains into Santa Monica Bay in Marina Del Rey.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 sqmi, over 99% of which is land. Over the years, it has annexed more than 40 pieces of adjoining land.

Neighborhoods
The city recognizes 15 neighborhoods within city limits:

 * Blair Hills
 * Blanco-Culver Crest
 * Clarkdale
 * Culver West
 * Downtown Culver City
 * Fox Hills
 * Jefferson
 * Lucerne-Higuera
 * McLaughlin
 * McManus
 * Park East (also known as Carlson Park)
 * Park West (also known as Veterans Park)
 * Studio Village
 * Sunkist Park
 * Washington Culver

Ethnic groups
According to the 2020 Census, the population of Culver City was 46.5% Non-Hispanic White, 16.1% Asian, 15.2% Hispanic White, 8.24% Black or African American, and 5.57% Other Hispanic.

According to Mapping L.A., Mexican and German were the most common ancestries in 2000. Mexico and the Philippines were the most common foreign places of birth.

Economy
Corporations with headquarters in Culver City include Beats Audio, MedMen, NantHealth, Sweetgreen and Sony Pictures Entertainment.

Largest employers
According to the city's 2020–21 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were:

Movie and television production

Hundreds of movies have been produced on the lots of Culver City's studios: Sony Pictures Studios (originally MGM Studios), Culver Studios, and the former Hal Roach Studios. In 2017, Amazon MGM Studios announced plans to build a studio in Culver City.

Businesses

 * Westfield Culver City, a shopping mall.
 * Beats Electronics
 * Disney Digital Network
 * MedMen
 * NPR West
 * Sony Pictures Studios
 * The Ripped Bodice, one of the first romance novel bookstores in the northern hemisphere

Museums
The Wende Museum possesses a collection of Soviet and East German visual art and everyday artifacts to promote an understanding of Soviet art, history and culture between 1945 and 1991. Additionally, the Museum of Jurassic Technology, founded in 1988 by David Hildebrand Wilson and Diana Drake Wilson, provides over 30 permanent exhibits displaying an eclectic mix of items that blend fact and fiction.

Library
The County of Los Angeles Public Library operates the Julian Dixon Culver City Branch.

Architecture
The architecture of Culver City reflects its history as an early location for film studios and, more recently, as a site for architectural experimentation, particularly for the projects of Eric Owen Moss at the Hayden Tract. The architecture office of Morphosis headquartered here. Styles represented include Mission Revival and Colonial Revival from the city's early days, to the PWA Moderne of the 1930s, to modern, postmodern, and deconstructivist styles from the past few decades. Notable architectural landmarks include:

 * Ivy Substation (1907), a Mission Revival building that houses The Actors' Gang
 * Culver Studios (1918–1920), offices in the style of a Colonial Revival mansion
 * Culver Hotel (Curlett and Beelman, 1924), a six-story brick flatiron

 * Helms Bakery (1930), in PWA Moderne style
 * Kirk Douglas Theatre (1946)
 * St. Augustine Catholic Church (1957), a Gothic Revival church
 * Platform (2016)

Parks and recreation
The City of Culver City Parks and Recreation department operates 14 outdoor parks within city limits.

Government

Culver City has a five-member city council.

In Los Angeles County, Culver City is in the 2nd Supervisorial District, represented by Holly Mitchell.

In the California State Legislature, Culver City is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Culver City is split between, and.

Primary and secondary schools
The Culver City Unified School District administers the following public schools:

 * Culver City High School
 * Culver City Middle School
 * Culver City Unified School District iAcademy
 * Culver Park High School
 * El Marino Elementary School
 * El Rincon Elementary School
 * Farragut Elementary School
 * La Ballona Elementary School
 * Linwood E. Howe Elementary School

Private schools

 * STAR Prep Academy, a middle and high school that shares its campus with an exotic wildlife rescue center.
 * The Willows Community School (elementary and middle school).
 * Turning Point School (elementary and middle school).
 * Kayne Eras Center (school for disabled).
 * Wildwood School (primary through high school).
 * Echo Horizon School (primary through middle school).

Colleges and universities

 * Antioch University Los Angeles, a nonprofit liberal arts college in Culver City's Corporate Pointe district.

Newspaper

 * Culver City Call

Movies
Movies filmed or partially filmed in Culver City include:

 * The Wizard of Oz
 * The Thin Man
 * Gone with the Wind
 * Rebecca
 * Tarzan
 * King Kong
 * Grease
 * Raging Bull
 * E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
 * The Man with Two Brains
 * City Slickers
 * Air Force One
 * Wag the Dog
 * Contact
 * Pee-wee's Big Adventure
 * Tron
 * Bewitched
 * Fun with Dick and Jane
 * Get Shorty
 * Superbad
 * Killers
 * Dinner for Schmucks
 * Lincoln Lawyer
 * Moneyball
 * Horrible Bosses
 * Jack and Jill
 * Think Like a Man
 * The Campaign

Television shows
Television shows filmed or partially filmed in Culver City include:

 * Jeopardy!
 * Las Vegas
 * Gunsmoke
 * Cougar Town
 * Mad About You
 * Lassie
 * Hogan's Heroes
 * Batman
 * The Green Hornet
 * Arrested Development
 * The Andy Griffith Show
 * Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.
 * The Nanny
 * Hell's Kitchen
 * MasterChef
 * Wheel of Fortune
 * Tosh. O
 * The Wonder Years
 * CHiPs
 * Matchstick Men
 * The Hogan Family

Transit

The Culver City station of the Los Angeles Metro E Line sits at the Culver Junction near Venice and Robertson Boulevards in Culver City. The E Line provides a light rail connection from Culver City to Downtown Los Angeles and East Los Angeles to the east and Downtown Santa Monica to the west, mostly following the right-of-way that the Pacific Electric Santa Monica Air Line used, also known as the Exposition Boulevard line. Culver City station was the western terminus of what was then known as the Expo Line from its opening on June 20, 2012, to the opening of Expo Line phase two on May 20, 2016.

Culver CityBus was founded on March 4, 1928, making it the second oldest municipal bus line in California and the oldest public transit bus system still operating in Los Angeles County. Big Blue Bus was founded on April 14, 1928. Culver CityBus operates seven regular bus lines as well as a short-term downtown circulator shuttle.

The Culver City Transit Center in the Westfield Culver City parking serves as a bus depot for three Culver CityBus lines and two Metro bus lines. The Washington Fairfax Hub, just across the border of the City of Los Angeles under the I-10 freeway, connects residents to seven bus lines, two operated by Culver CityBus and five operated by Metro.

The Baldwin Hills Parklands Link is a shuttle service operated by Los Angeles County that stops at Stoneview Nature Center on weekends only.

Bike routes

The city is served by multiple separated bike paths:
 * Culver Boulevard Median bike route
 * Ballona Creek bike path, connecting to the Park to Playa Trail
 * Elenda Street bikeway, 12-block route between Ballona Creek Pedestrian Bridge and Washington Boulevard
 * Separated bike and bus lanes through downtown Culver City, part of the MoveCulverCity complete streets initiative

Air travel
The city is served by the Los Angeles International Airport, about 7 mi south of the city. Smaller nearby airports include Santa Monica Airport and Hawthorne Municipal Airport.

Freeways
Culver City is served by Interstate 405 (San Diego Freeway), Interstate 10 (Santa Monica Freeway), and California State Route 90 (Marina Freeway). California State Route 187 runs along Venice Boulevard in Culver City.

Public safety
Culver City is served by the Culver City Police Department, and the Culver City Fire Department, which operates three stations and a fire training facility.

Cemeteries

 * Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery
 * Holy Cross Cemetery

Notable people

 * Art Alexakis, musician, founder and lead singer of the band Everclear
 * Drew Barrymore, actress
 * Shayla Beesley, actress
 * Big Boy, radio host
 * Jack Black, actor
 * Jackson Browne, singer, songwriter, and musician
 * Michael Bumpus, NFL player, Seattle Seahawks
 * Dean Byington, visual artist
 * Gary Carter (1954–2012), Major League Baseball player, Hall of Famer
 * Michael Chacon, professional fixed-gear bike rider
 * Tiffany Cohen, double-gold champion in swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics
 * Glenn Cowan (1952–2004), table tennis player
 * Carolyn Craig, actress
 * Dee Dee Davis, actress
 * Jeff Fisher, NFL coach
 * Tim Foli (born 1950), Major League Baseball player
 * Dick Gautier, actor
 * Kron Gracie, son of Rickson Gracie, teaches Brazilian Jiu Jitsu in town
 * Linda Gray, film, stage, and television actress, director, and producer
 * Charles Herbert, actor
 * Win Headley, NFL and CFL player
 * Kelly Lytle Hernández, professor and Thomas E. Lifka Chair of History at UCLA, author, and MacArthur Fellowship recipient
 * Howard Hughes, founder of Hughes Aircraft
 * Helen Hunt, Oscar-winning actress
 * HuskyStarcraft, aka Mike Lamond, YouTube commentator
 * Darrin Jackson, Major League Baseball player and MLB sportscaster
 * Taran Killam, actor and comedian
 * Tim Layana (1964–1999), Major League Baseball player
 * Merry Lepper, set world record marathon time for women, December 16, 1963, in Culver City.
 * Masiela Lusha, Albanian-American actress and poet
 * Ron Mael, musician, member of Sparks
 * Bill Monning, California State Senator
 * Michael Richards, actor and comedian
 * Michelle Horn, actress
 * Michael Ruppert, journalist and former LAPD officer
 * Ryan Sherriff (born 1990), Major League Baseball player
 * Dick Stuart (1932–2002), Major League Baseball player
 * Robert Trujillo, bass player with Suicidal Tendencies, Ozzy Osbourne, and Metallica
 * Gwen Verdon, four-time Tony Award-winning actress

Sister cities

 * 🇮🇹 Capo d'Orlando, Messina, Sicily, Italy
 * 🇰🇷 Iksan, South Korea
 * 🇯🇵 Kaizuka, Japan
 * 🇨🇦 Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
 * 🇲🇽 Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico

title: Culver City, California


text:
Del Aire, California

Del Aire (Spanish for "Of The Air") is a census-designated place (CDP) in the inland South Bay, Los Angeles County, California, United States, between El Segundo and Hawthorne. The population was 10,001 at the 2010 census, up from 9,012 at the 2000 census.

Del Aire is a small unincorporated residential neighborhood next to the Interstate 405/Interstate 105 interchange. It consists of two roughly rectangular shaped parts: The two parts are connected by a sliver of land across El Segundo Blvd.
 * one to the northwest bounded by I-105 and the City of Los Angeles on the north, El Segundo on the west, Hawthorne on the east, and El Segundo Blvd. on the south, and
 * one to the southeast bounded by El Segundo Blvd. on the north and surrounded by Hawthorne on the east, south and west.

The Los Angeles Airport Courthouse is in the Del Aire CDP. Aviation/LAX station on the Metro C Line light rail line is in Los Angeles proper, adjacent to the CDP, and the Los Angeles Air Force Base is in El Segundo, adjacent to Del Aire CDP.

Geography
Del Aire is located at 33.91611°N, -118.36917°W (33.916138, -118.369282).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

The precise boundaries of Del Aire are complex, but can be roughly described as the area south of Imperial Highway between Aviation Boulevard and the San Diego Freeway(I-405) to El Segundo Boulevard. The CDP also includes the area east of the freeway and west of Inglewood Avenue, roughly between El Segundo Boulevard and Rosecrans Avenue, designated "Wiseburn" by L.A. County.

Education
All of Del Aire is part of the Wiseburn Unified School District. Schools that are part of the Wiseburn School District that are in Del Aire are Juan De Anza Elementary (K–5th Grade) and Da Vinci Design Charter School (9–12).

Juan Cabrillo Elementary (K–2), 138th Street Elementary (3–5), Richard Henry Dana Middle School and Da Vinci Science Charter School are south of Del Aire in the Hawthorne community known as Holly Glen.

Previously portions of Del Aire to the south were covered by the Lawndale Elementary School District and the Centinela Valley Union High School District. Additionally, when Wiseburn was only an elementary school district, Centinela Valley UHSD served as the high school district for that area. Wiseburn USD became a unified district, and therefore left Centinela Valley UHSD, in 2014. In 2021 a block of unincorporated areas that was in the Lawndale School District and Centinela Valley USD voted on a proposal on whether it should move to Wiseburn USD; previously students living in the block living in Wiseburn would have had to get permission from their zoned school districts to attend Wiseburn. According to Hunter Lee the Daily Breeze, "few" people voted in the election. The vote to transfer the area to Wiseburn was approved.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Del Aire had a population of 10,001. The population density was 9,864.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Del Aire was 6,052 (60.5%) White (34.6% Non-Hispanic White), 458 (4.6%) African American, 60 (0.6%) Native American, 922 (9.2%) Asian, 131 (1.3%) Pacific Islander, 1,815 (18.1%) from other races, and 563 (5.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,724 persons (47.2%).

The census reported that 9,989 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 9 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 3 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,291 households, out of which 1,220 (37.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,764 (53.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 420 (12.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 191 (5.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 197 (6.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 26 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 674 households (20.5%) were made up of individuals, and 213 (6.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04. There were 2,375 families (72.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.56.

The population was spread out, with 2,328 people (23.3%) under the age of 18, 956 people (9.6%) aged 18 to 24, 3,049 people (30.5%) aged 25 to 44, 2,607 people (26.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,061 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

There were 3,428 housing units at an average density of 3,381.2 /sqmi, of which 2,268 (68.9%) were owner-occupied, and 1,023 (31.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 7,413 people (74.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,576 people (25.8%) lived in rental housing units.

During 2009–2013, Del Aire had a median household income of $80,833, with 9.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,012 people, 2,871 households, and 2,190 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 9,110.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,925 housing units at an average density of 2,957.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 36.97% White, 32.18% Black or African American, 0.64% Native American, 8.08% Asian, 0.80% Pacific Islander, 10.72% from other races, and 5.60% from two or more races. About 17.62% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,871 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.57.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $55,186, and the median income for a family was $59,444. Males had a median income of $40,693 versus $34,891 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,726. About 3.3% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.7% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

Infrastructure
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department operates the South Los Angeles Station in Westmont, California, serving Del Aire.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Del Aire is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Del Aire is in.

title: Del Aire, California


text:
Desert View Highlands, California

Desert View Highlands is a census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 2,360 at the 2010 census, up from 2,337 at the 2000 census. It is surrounded by the City of Palmdale.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.4 sqmi, all land.

2010
At the 2010 census Desert View Highlands had a population of 2,360. The population density was 5,364.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Desert View Highlands was 1,286 (54.5%) White (33.3% Non-Hispanic White), 182 (7.7%) African American, 29 (1.2%) Native American, 50 (2.1%) Asian, 1 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 669 (28.3%) from other races, and 143 (6.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,253 persons (53.1%).

The census reported that 2,353 people (99.7% of the population) lived in households, 7 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 678 households, 350 (51.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 342 (50.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 135 (19.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 57 (8.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 55 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 5 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 109 households (16.1%) were one person and 37 (5.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.47. There were 534 families (78.8% of households); the average family size was 3.82.

The age distribution was 746 people (31.6%) under the age of 18, 271 people (11.5%) aged 18 to 24, 590 people (25.0%) aged 25 to 44, 548 people (23.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 205 people (8.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

There were 764 housing units at an average density of 1,736.5 per square mile, of the occupied units 443 (65.3%) were owner-occupied and 235 (34.7%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 10.3%. 1,417 people (60.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 936 people (39.7%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Desert View Highlands had a median household income of $63,717, with 22.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,337 people, 731 households, and 565 families in the CDP. The population density was 4,950.4 PD/sqmi. There were 775 housing units at an average density of 1,641.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 63.12% White, 5.86% Black or African American, 1.50% Native American, 2.23% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 19.77% from other races, and 7.45% from two or more races. 36.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 731 households 43.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 19.2% of households were one person and 7.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 3.66.

The age distribution was 35.1% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

The median household income was $37,341 and the median family income was $40,263. Males had a median income of $38,413 versus $26,295 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,651. About 9.4% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 2.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Desert View Highlands is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Desert View Highlands is in.

title: Desert View Highlands, California


text:
Diamond Bar, California

Diamond Bar is a city in eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States. At the 2010 census it had a population of 55,544, and in 2019 the population was estimated to be 55,720. It is named after the "diamond over a bar" branding iron registered in 1918 by ranch owner Frederic E. Lewis (1884–1963). The city features a public Los Angeles County golf course.

Located at the junction of the Pomona and Orange freeways, Diamond Bar is primarily residential with shopping centers interspersed throughout the city. It is surrounded by the cities of Brea, Walnut, Chino Hills, Pomona, City of Industry, and the unincorporated areas of Rowland Heights and South Diamond Bar.

Northern Diamond Bar is a part of the Pomona Unified School District. Southern Diamond Bar is a part of the Walnut Valley Unified School District. The city is also served by International Polytechnic High School. It also has the first hydrogen fueling station to be built in Southern California, near the South Coast Air Quality Management District building.

History
In 1840, José de la Luz Linares received the 4340 acre Mexican land grant Rancho Los Nogales (Ranch of the Walnut Trees) from Governor Juan Alvarado. The land grant included Brea Canyon and the eastern Walnut Valley. Linares died in 1847, and his widow sold a part of the ranch to Ricardo Vejar for $100 in merchandise, 100 calves, and the assumption of her late husband's debts. Vejar also owned the Rancho San Jose to the east, and acquired the rest of Rancho Nogales over the next 10 years.

However, Vejar's luck did not last that long. As time wore on – and particularly as the United States government took over California – Rancho Los Nogales was divided and sold into multiple land ranches, the largest of which was the Diamond Bar Ranch. At the time, it was one of the largest working cattle ranches in the western U.S. The entire Diamond Bar Ranch was acquired by the Transamerica Corporation in the 1950s for the purpose of developing one of the nation's first master-planned communities. Transamerica gave the Diamond Bar name to its new community and incorporated the ranch's familiar diamond and bar cattle brand into various logos (many of which are still in use today).

The first houses in this development were built in 1959, adjacent to the future location of the Pomona Freeway, which was built through the area ten years later. The town's development and population grew extremely quickly after that.

Transamerica oversaw all development of the community through the 1960s. The Transamerica Corporation divested itself of all its real estate ventures in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, the Diamond Bar project was sold to multiple developers and much of its initial master plan was not implemented during the latter half of its development in the 1980s.

The City of Diamond Bar was incorporated on April 18, 1989.

Geography
Diamond Bar's main road, Diamond Bar Boulevard, runs along the bottom of the valley that eventually becomes Brea Canyon, and housing developments overlook the boulevard on both sides from surrounding hills. The city lies roughly between the ends of the Chino Fault and the Whittier Fault, both part of the Elsinore Fault Zone.

Positioned in the southeastern corner of the San Gabriel Valley in eastern Los Angeles County, Diamond Bar is approximately 27 mi east of Downtown Los Angeles. Neighboring communities include Walnut, Rowland Heights, and Pomona. Diamond Bar is also adjacent to the Inland Empire region, with Chino Hills directly to the east, and to the south of Diamond Bar lie the cities of Brea and La Habra in Orange County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.9 sqmi, with no significant bodies of water.

Both the CA-60 Freeway and the CA-57 Freeway run through Diamond Bar. the I-10 Freeway is just north of the city and CA-71 is just east of the city. Major thoroughfares include Grand Avenue, Diamond Bar Boulevard, Pathfinder Road, Golden Springs Drive, and Brea Canyon Road.

2020
The 2020 United States census reported that Diamond Bar had a population of 55,072. The racial makeup of Diamond Bar was: Asian (61.0%); White (23.3%); Black or African American (4.0%); Hispanics and Latinos of any origin made up 17.8% of the overall population.

The median household income in 2021 was $100,776, with 7.9% of the population living below the poverty line.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Diamond Bar had a population of 55,544. The population density was 3,731.5 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Diamond Bar was: 29,144 (52.5%) Asian; 18,434 (33.2%) White (21.3% Non-Hispanic White), 2,288 (4.1%) African American; 178 (0.3%) Native American; 106 (0.2%) Pacific Islander; 3,237 (5.8%) from other races; and 2,157 (3.9%) from two or more races. There were 11,138 residents of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (20.1%).

The Census reported that 55,415 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 102 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 27 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 17,880 households, out of which 7,008 (39.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 11,792 (66.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,165 (12.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 886 (5.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 496 (2.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 71 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,308 households (12.9%) were made up of individuals, and 740 (4.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10. There were 14,843 families (83.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.38.

The age distribution of the population shows 11,895 people (21.4%) under the age of 18, 5,590 people (10.1%) aged 18 to 24, 13,585 people (24.5%) aged 25 to 44, 17,988 people (32.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,486 people (11.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.

There were 18,455 housing units at an average density of 1,239.8 /sqmi, of which 14,513 (81.2%) were owner-occupied, and 3,367 (18.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 45,080 people (81.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 10,335 people (18.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 56,287 people, 17,651 households, and 14,809 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,813.2 PD/sqmi. There were 17,959 housing units at an average density of 1,216.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 50.4% Asian, 33.3% White, 3.9% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 7.7% from other races, and 4.21% from two or more races. 18.46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 17,651 households, out of which 44.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.1% were non-families. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18 and the average family size was 3.47.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

According to the 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $87,224, and the median income for a family was $93,185. Males had a median income of $51,059 versus $37,002 for females. The per capita income for the city was $33,540. About 5.0% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

According to Mapping L.A., Chinese and Mexican were the most common ancestries. Korea and Taiwan were the most common foreign places of birth in 2000.

Government
Diamond Bar City Council is currently headed by Mayor Stan Liu. The other council members are Andrew Chou, Ruth Low, Chia Yu Teng, and Steve Tye.

Public services
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) operates the Walnut/Diamond Bar Station in Walnut, serving Diamond Bar.

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Pomona Health Center in Pomona, serving Diamond Bar.

County, state, and federal representation
The city is in the First District of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, represented by Hilda Solis.

In the California State Senate, Diamond Bar is in. In the California State Assembly, it is in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Diamond Bar is in.

Education
The city is primarily divided into two Blue-ribbon districts. Diamond Bar students north of the city power lines are served by four elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school provided by the Pomona Unified School District. Students south of the power lines running through the city are part of the Walnut Valley Unified School District and are served by nine elementary schools, three middle schools, and three high schools.

Top employers
According to the city's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Notable people

 * Ryan Lane, American actor
 * Ling Ling Chang, former California state assemblywoman and state senator
 * Danny Dorn, Major League Baseball player, Arizona Diamondbacks
 * Jim Edmonds, retired Major League Baseball player, most notably with the Anaheim Angels and St. Louis Cardinals
 * Bob Huff, California state senator
 * Tiffany Young, Korean-American singer; member of girl group Girls' Generation
 * Jay Kim, first Korean-American congressman
 * Gary Miller, former mayor and congressman
 * Alex Morgan, soccer forward, 2015 & 2019 Women's World Cup champion, Olympic gold medalist, member of the United States women's national soccer team
 * Teddy Park, South Korean producer and rapper; known for being a major producer for K-pop groups Blackpink, 2NE1, and Big Bang
 * Gary Pettis, former center fielder for the California Angels and current coach for the Houston Astros.
 * Snoop Dogg, rapper
 * Xavier Scruggs, former first baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals, born in Diamond Bar in 1987.
 * Taebin, South Korean rapper and singer; member of hip hop group 1TYM
 * Keith Van Horn, retired NBA player; drafted 1st round, 2nd overall pick in the 1997 draft by the Philadelphia 76ers, later on traded to the New Jersey Nets; played with the Philadelphia 76ers, New Jersey Nets, Milwaukee Bucks, and Dallas Mavericks
 * Ryan Wendell, offensive lineman for the New England Patriots
 * Jason Wright, American businessman and football executive
 * Ippei Mizuhara, Japanese interpreter employed by the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB), most notably serving as Shohei Ohtani's interpreter.

title: Diamond Bar, California