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Metal Machine Music

Metal Machine Music (subtitled *The Amine β Ring) is the fifth studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed. It was recorded on a three-speed Uher machine and was mastered/engineered by Bob Ludwig. It was released as a double album in July 1975 by RCA Records, but taken off the market three weeks later. A radical departure from the rest of his catalog, the Metal Machine Music album features no songs or recognizably structured compositions, eschewing melody and rhythm for modulated feedback and noise music guitar effects, mixed at varying speeds by Reed. Also in 1975, RCA released a Quadrophonic version of the Metal Machine Music recording that was produced by playing it back both forward and backward, and by flipping the tape over.

The album cost Reed's reputation in the music industry while simultaneously opening the door for some of his later, more experimental material and has generally been panned by critics since its release. In 2008, Reed, Ulrich Krieger, and Sarth Calhoun collaborated to tour playing free improvisation inspired by the album as Metal Machine Trio. In 2011, Reed released a remastered version of Metal Machine Music.

Style
A major influence on Reed's recording, for which he tuned all the guitar strings to the same note, was the mid-1960s drone music work of La Monte Young's Theatre of Eternal Music, whose members included John Cale, Tony Conrad, Angus MacLise and Marian Zazeela. Both Cale and MacLise were also members of the Velvet Underground (MacLise left before the group began recording).

The Theatre of Eternal Music's discordant sustained notes and loud amplification influenced Cale's subsequent contribution to the Velvet Underground in his use of both discordance and feedback. Recent releases of works by Cale and Conrad from the mid-sixties, such as Cale's Inside the Dream Syndicate series (The Dream Syndicate being the alternative name given by Cale and Conrad to their collective work with Young) testify to the influence this mid-sixties experimental work had on Reed years later.

In an interview with rock journalist Lester Bangs, Reed stated that he "had also been listening to Xenakis a lot." He also claimed that he had intentionally placed sonic allusions to classical works such as Beethoven's Eroica and Pastoral Symphonies in the distortion, and that he had attempted to have the album released on RCA's Red Seal classical label. He repeated the latter claim in a 2007 interview.

Critical reception
Metal Machine Music confounded reviewers and listeners when it was first released. The Stranger's Dave Segal later claimed it was one of the most divisive records ever, challenging both critics and the artist's core audience much like Miles Davis' Agharta album did around the same time.

On release, it was reviewed in Rolling Stone magazine as sounding like "the tubular groaning of a galactic refrigerator" and as displeasing to experience as "a night in a bus terminal". In the 1979 Rolling Stone Record Guide, critic Billy Altman said it was "a two-disc set consisting of nothing more than ear-wrecking electronic sludge, guaranteed to clear any room of humans in record time". (This aspect of the album is mentioned in the Bruce Sterling short story "Dori Bangs".) The first issue of the seminal New York zine Punk placed Reed and the album in its inaugural 1976 issue, presaging the advent of both punk and the discordance of the New York No Wave scene. Reed biographer Victor Bockris wrote that the recording can be understood as "the ultimate conceptual punk album and the progenitor of New York punk rock". The album was ranked number two in the 1991 book The Worst Rock 'n' Roll Records of All Time by Jimmy Guterman and Owen O'Donnell.

Village Voice critic Robert Christgau referred to Metal Machine Music as Reed's "answer to Environments" and said it had "certainly raised consciousness in both the journalistic and business communities" and was not "totally unlistenable", though he admitted for white noise he would rather listen to "Sister Ray". Writing in MusicHound Rock (1999), Greg Kot gave the album a "woof!" rating (signifying "dog-food"), and opined: "The spin cycle of a washing machine has more melodic variation than the electronic drone that was Metal Machine Music." In 2005, Q magazine included the album in a list of "Ten Terrible Records by Great Artists", and it ranked number four in Q list of the 50 worst albums of all time. It was again featured in Q in December 2010, on the magazine's "Top Ten Career Suicides" list, where it came eighth overall. The Trouser Press Record Guide referred to it as "four sides of unlistenable oscillator noise", parenthetically calling that assessment "a description, not a value judgment". Mark Deming's review for AllMusic said that while noise rock groups "have created some sort of context for it", Metal Machine Music "hasn't gotten any more user friendly with time", given it "paus[ed] only for side breaks with no rhythms, melodies, or formal structures to buffer the onslaught".

Rock critic Lester Bangs wrote of Metal Machine Music: "as classical music it adds nothing to a genre that may well be depleted. As rock 'n' roll it's interesting garage electronic rock 'n' roll. As a statement it's great, as a giant FUCK YOU it shows integrity—a sick, twisted, dunced-out, malevolent, perverted, psychopathic integrity, but integrity nevertheless." Bangs later wrote a tongue-in-cheek article about the album, titled "The Greatest Album Ever Made", in which he judged it "the greatest record ever made in the history of the human eardrum". In 1998, The Wire included Metal Machine Music in its list of "100 Records That Set the World on Fire (While No One Was Listening)", with Brian Duguid writing:

"Q magazine featured Metal Machine Music in its 50 Worst Records of All Time ... What higher recommendation could you possibly need? ... [Metal Machine Music] is at once the pre-eminent deranged noise record, an impossibly cacophonous screech of electric torment, and also a classic of Minimalism; some of the most enigmatic, exquisite harmonies ever documented. It's a pity the CD reissues can't include the original double LP's locked groove, but even if it doesn't last forever, the music is infinitely convoluted. It still awaits a proper critical reappraisal—even the gleefully enthusiastic Lester Bangs didn't fully 'get' Metal Machine Music."

In a December 2017 review, Mark Richardson of Pitchfork gave Metal Machine Music a score of 8.7 out of 10. He describes the album as an "exhilarating" listen.

Despite the intense criticism (or perhaps because of the exposure it generated), Metal Machine Music reportedly sold 100,000 copies in the US, according to the liner notes of the Buddah Records CD issue. The original edition was withdrawn within three weeks of its release.

Performance
Lou Reed did not perform Metal Machine Music on stage until March 2002, when he collaborated with an avant-garde classical ensemble at the MaerzMusik festival in Berlin. The 10-member group Zeitkratzer performed the original album with Reed in a new arrangement by Ulrich Krieger, featuring classical string, wind, piano, and accordion. Live recordings with (2007) and without (2014; all-acoustic) Reed are available commercially.

A few years later, Reed formed a band named Metal Machine Trio as a noise rock/experimental side project.

In popular culture
The language of the Star Trek aliens known as the Breen was inspired by Metal Machine Music, which the post-production sound staff were instructed to listen to when creating the electronic cackle that served as the Breen's voices.

On Mystery Science Theater 3000, Joel Hodgson's character likened watching Mighty Jack to "listening to two hours of Lou Reed's Metal Machine Music."

Later on Mystery Science Theater 3000 Michael J. Nelson's character says "Monster gets up and immediately puts on his Metal Machine Music" due to the background music during the mutation scene in The Horror of Party Beach.

Track listing
Side one
 * 1) "Metal Machine Music A-1" – 16:10

Side two
 * 1) "Metal Machine Music A-2" – 15:53

Side three
 * 1) "Metal Machine Music A-3" – 16:13

Side four
 * 1) "Metal Machine Music A-4" – 15:55

On the original vinyl release, timings for sides 1–3 were stated as "16:01", while the 4th side read "16:01 or ∞", as the last groove on the LP was a continuous loop, known as the locked groove. On CD, this locked groove was imitated for the final 2:22 of the track, fading out at the end. On later CD, DVD, and BluRay reissues, the tracks are retitled as "Part 1", "Part 2", "Part 3", and "Part 4."

title: Metal Machine Music


text:
Saugerties South, New York

Saugerties South is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 2,442 at the 2020 census.

Saugerties South is a community south of the Village of Saugerties and Esopus Creek in the Town of Saugerties. U.S. Route 9W passes through the community.

Geography
Saugerties South, also known as Barclay Heights, is located at 42.05944°N, -73.95611°W (42.059450, -73.955975).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), of which 1.0 square miles (2.5 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.6 km2)  (19.83%) is water.

The community lies on the west bank of the Hudson River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,285 people, 865 households, and 642 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,339.9 PD/sqmi. There were 885 housing units at an average density of 906.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.06% White, 1.44% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.76% of the population.

There were 865 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $52,468, and the median income for a family was $60,212. Males had a median income of $42,639 versus $27,155 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,197. About 5.4% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Saugerties South, New York


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Shandaken, New York

Shandaken is a town on the northern border of Ulster County, New York, United States, northwest of Kingston, New York. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 2,866. The name is believed to be from an Esopus phrase for "land of rapid waters."

History
The town was first settled around the time of the American Revolution. Shandaken was established as a town in 1804 from part of the Town of Woodstock.

In 1809, the town was increased by territory from the Town of Neversink (in Sullivan County). Later, some of Shandaken was used to help form the Towns of Denning, Hardenburgh, and Olive. By the final years of the 19th Century, Shandaken had developed the tourist industry which is still the most important part of its economy.

The population of Shandaken in 1900 was 4,053.

An alternate translation of the native word "shandaken" is the "place of the hemlocks."

The Mount Tremper Fire Observation Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 119.8 sqmi, of which 119.8 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water. The total area is 0.02% water.

The town is inside the Catskill Park, and is entirely mountainous. Within it lies Slide Mountain, the Catskill Mountains' highest peak at 4180 ft, and several of the other Catskill High Peaks over 3500 ft in elevation.

The northern town line is the border of Greene County, and the western town boundary is the border of Delaware County.

The Esopus Creek flows across the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 2,866 people and 1,473 households and 654 families residing in the town. The population density was 27.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,666 housing units at an average density of 22.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.65% white, 1.21% African American, 0.40% Native American, 1.17% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.06% of the population.

There were 1,473 households, out of which 149 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.3% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 32.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $55,139, and the median income for a family was $80,372. Families had a median income of $97,500, married-couple families of $104,005 and nonfamily households of $34,806. The per capita income for the town was $21,121. About 20.5% of the population was below the poverty line compared to 17.7% in Ulster County, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.

Services
The town paramedic ambulance service is also provided to residents of the towns of Olive, Lexington, and Westkill. The town also has a police department located at 64 SR 42 in the hamlet of Shandaken; it was originally established as a constabulary, and became a police department in the early 1990s. The police department consists of four full-time and nine part-time members, and is dispatched by through the Ulster County sheriff's office. The sheriff's office has a post located within the town offices located on Route 28, which is not staffed continuously. There are two emergency call boxes located in the town, one on the north-facing side of the town hall (SR 28) and the other on the south-facing side of the town police department (located on SR 42)

The Shandaken Justice Court is a part-time court, housed within the town offices on SR 28; it handles all traffic violations, misdemeanor criminal cases, and civil cases. Traffic court is held every Tuesday with few exceptions.

Communities and locations in Shandaken

 * Allaben – a hamlet east of Shandaken village on Route 28. It is the seat of town government.
 * Beechford – a hamlet in the southeastern corner of the town.
 * Big Indian – a hamlet southwest of Shandaken village on Route 28 in the Big Indian Valley.
 * Bushnellsville – a hamlet by the northern town line on Route 42.
 * Chichester – a hamlet in the eastern part of the town, north of Phoenicia on Route 214. Its roots lay in the manufacture of furniture until the Depression destroyed the business. It was founded in 1863.
 * Highmount – a location northwest of Pine Hill. It was originally called "Summit". It was also known as "Grand Hotel Station".
 * Mt. Pleasant – a hamlet in the eastern part of the town on Route 28 south of Phoenicia. This community was previously called "Longyear" and "Riseley's".
 * Mt. Tremper – a hamlet near the eastern town line. It was previously called  "Ladew Corners" and "The Corner". The Camp Wapanachki was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
 * Oliverea – a hamlet, founded in 1886, in the southern part of the town on Route 47. It is home to the Winnisook Club, which is located at the base of Slide Mountain next to Winnisook Lake.
 * Panther Mountain – a roughly circular mountain ridge in the center of the town that is believed to be the result of a meteor impact.
 * Phoenicia – a hamlet in the eastern part of the town. It was the first community to be connected to the outside world by a railroad (the Ulster and Delaware Railroad) and the first to begin hotel construction for the tourist industry.
 * Pine Hill – a hamlet in the western part of the town.
 * Shandaken – the hamlet of Shandaken is in the north central part of the town on Route 28.
 * Slide Mountain – Slide Mountain is the highest point in the Catskill Mountains.
 * Woodland Valley – a hamlet in the southeastern part of the town, south of Phoenicia. It is still home to the Roxmor Colony.

title: Shandaken, New York


text:
Shawangunk, New York

Shawangunk is a town in southwestern Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 13,563 at the 2020 census. The town takes its name from its largest stream, the Shawangunk Kill. The name Shawangunk is from the language of the Lenape people. Kill is an abbreviation of the Dutch word for creek, Killitje. It is pronounced Shuh-Whan-Gung

History
Shawangunk was first settled by Europeans during the 1680s. The region was first designated a precinct about 1710, and became the township of Shawangunk in 1788. The town's name comes from the Dutch transliteration of the Munsee Lenape name or phrase. The approximate Lenape pronunciation was "Sha-WAN-gunk," probably meaning "in the smoky air." The name first appears in the 1682 Indian deed to Gertrude Bruyn. It is uncertain if this was the Indians' actual proper name for their nearby village and "New Fort," destroyed by the Dutch on September 5, 1663, during the Second Esopus War, or if the name was merely a phrase invented by the Indians in connection with the Bruyn land purchase, possibly describing some temporary feature of the landscape. Suggestions as to whether the name may have referred to smoky conditions on the day of Bruyn's first tour of the land with the Indians in the 1670s, or to the smoky ruins of the destroyed Indian village during the preceding decade, are purely speculative. Use of the name to designate the creek on which Bruyn settled (Shawangunk Kill), and the mountain range, came somewhat later. Locals pronounce the name "SHONG-gum," an obvious corruption or contraction of the original name, but one on record at least as far back as 1777 (Marc B. Fried, "Shawangunk Place-names" pp. ix-xi, 3-12, 96-97). Present-day citizens of Shawangunk often refer to themselves as living in particular hamlets such as Wallkill or Walker Valley rather than the town as a whole; this is due to the fact that many residents of the western part of the town are in the school district of Pine Bush (nearby across the county line) and have Pine Bush mailing addresses, also doing much of their shopping in that Orange County hamlet.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 56.5 sqmi, of which 56.2 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi  (0.55%) is water.

The southern town line and half of the eastern town boundary is the border of Orange County, New York.

The northeastward-flowing Wallkill River passes through the eastern half of town and lends its name to the hamlet, which lies along its east bank. The western part of the town, including Walker Valley, climbs the lower slopes of the eponymous mountains. The Shawangunk Kill, a major tributary of the Wallkill, divides the town approximately in half.

Government
The town of Shawangunk is led by a supervisor and a board of four council members. The current supervisor is John Valk, Jr., in office since 1998.

List of supervisors of Shawangunk:

Demographics
As of 2009, there were 12,652 people, 4,333 households, and 2,557 families residing in the town. The population density was 225 people per square mile. There were 3,754 housing units at an average density of 66.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 83% White, 7.9% African American, .2% Native American, .9% Asian, .01% Pacific Islander, 2.86% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.96% of the population.

There were 3,433 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 38.3% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 134.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 144.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $52,366, and the median income for a family was $59,975. Males had a median income of $40,967 versus $29,608 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,402. About 4.4% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

Housing
Statistics about housing in the town:
 * Total: 4,333
 * Occupied: 3,877
 * Owner-occupied: 3,092
 * Population in owner-occupied: 8,890
 * Renter-occupied: 795
 * Population in renter-occupied: 1,917
 * Households with individuals under 18: 1,465
 * Vacant: 446
 * Vacant for rent: 87
 * Vacant for sale: 66

Geology
The Shawangunk Mountains, primarily consisting of quartz, rise 2,000 feet above the town. The mountains were created over 10,000 years ago during the last ice age when retreating glacial ice carved them out as part the surrounding Catskills, drawing tourists and climbing enthusiasts from all over the world.

Communities and locations in Shawangunk

 * Awosting – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Bruynswick – A hamlet near the northern town line on County Route 7.
 * Crawford – A hamlet in the northwestern section of the town, south of Awosting.
 * Dwaarkill – A hamlet north of Red Mills, located on County Route 7.
 * Galeville – A former hamlet in the eastern part of the town, north of Wallkill. Galeville is on the west bank of the Wallkill River. Once home to Galeville Army Air Base, now Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge.
 * New Hurley – A former hamlet on Route 208.
 * Red Mills – A hamlet at the southern town line and north of Pine Bush.
 * Rutsonville'
 * Shawangunk Kill – A small stream in the town.
 * Ulsterville – Aest of Pine Bush, located on County Road 7.
 * Watchtower – A census-designated-place (CDP) that is entirely made up of the residents of Watchtower Farms, a printing facility that draws tens of thousands of visitors every year. It is owned and operated by the Watchtower Society (a legal entity of Jehovah's Witnesses) and has been in operation since 1963.
 * Walker Valley – a hamlet in the southwest part of the town on Route 52. Walker Valley is west of Pine Bush.
 * Wallkill – a hamlet at the eastern town line.
 * Shawangunk Correctional Facility – a New York state prison, north of Wallkill.
 * Wallkill Correctional Facility – a state prison north of Wallkill.

title: Shawangunk, New York


text:
Shokan, New York

Shokan is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the town of Olive in Ulster County, New York, United States, within the Catskill Park. The population was 1,075 at the 2020 census.

History
It was relocated to its present site in the early 20th century after the construction of Ashokan Reservoir on the land it originally occupied.

The Olive and Hurley Old School Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Geography
Shokan is located at 41.97267°N, -74.21569°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,252 people, 496 households, and 344 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 320.8 PD/sqmi. There were 569 housing units at an average density of 145.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.33% white, .96% African American, .16% Native American, 1.52% Asian, .08% Pacific Islander, .4% from other races, and .56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.72% of the population.

There were 496 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $52,411, and the median income for a family was $57,700. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,710. About 4.5% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * David Bowie
 * Chris Hughes and Sean Eldridge
 * Mary Margaret McBride

title: Shokan, New York


text:
Stone Ridge, New York

Stone Ridge is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 1,234 at the 2020 census.

Stone Ridge is located in the Town of Marbletown, along US 209 where it overlaps NY 213.

History
The Main Street Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Geography
Stone Ridge is located at 41°50'45" north, 74°9'23" west (41.845867, -74.156494).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.2 sqmi, of which 5.2 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.76%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,173 people, 458 households, and 327 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 225.0 PD/sqmi. There were 501 housing units at an average density of 96.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.46% White, 1.71% Black or African American, none Native American, 1.88% Asian, none Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.41% of the population.

There were 458 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. Of all households 25.1% were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,271, and the median income for a family was $68,977. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $26,176 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,465. About 8.3% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

 * SUNY Ulster
 * Rondout Valley Central School District
 * High Meadow School

Notable people

 * Melissa Leo (born 1960), actress
 * Roger Kahn, author of Boys of Summer

title: Stone Ridge, New York


text:
Tillson, New York

Tillson is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 1,516 at the 2020 census.

Tillson is in the Town of Rosendale, along routes 32 and 213.

Geography
Tillson is located at 41.83111°N, -74.07194°W (41.831082, -74.072072).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.3 sqmi, of which 2.3 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi  (1.28%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,709 people, 629 households, and 452 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 738.4 PD/sqmi. There were 676 housing units at an average density of 292.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.96% White, 1.05% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.93% of the population.

There were 629 households, out of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $47,083, and the median income for a family was $51,375. Males had a median income of $38,696 versus $27,298 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,413. About 7.1% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.6% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Tillson, New York


text:
Ulster, New York

Ulster is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 12,660 at the 2020 census.

The town of Ulster is in the northeastern part of the county. The town is directly north of the city of Kingston. Ulster is partially situated inside Catskill Park.

The New York State Thruway (Interstate 87) and U.S. Route 9W pass through the western part of the town. U.S. Route 209 crosses the Hudson River from the eastern side of the town.

History
The town of Ulster, newest of the twenty towns in the county, was created by the Ulster County Board of Supervisors on November 28, 1879, with land taken from the town of Kingston. Formed in protest to what was considered political misrule by the authorities of the town of Kingston, the action of the supervisors was soon ratified by the state legislature. The first meeting of the town of Ulster was held in the hotel of George A. Stoddard on March 2, 1880. James Myer Jr. was its first supervisor. The new town contained approximately 27.5 square miles of land. It was bordered the city of Kingston on three sides, and by the Hudson River and the towns of Kingston, Saugerties, Hurley, Woodstock, and Rosendale. Rondout Creek separated Ulster from the town of Esopus to the south.

"While the establishment of Ulster solved the problem of political corruption in the parent town of Kingston, another problem was inadvertently created. When the boundaries of Ulster were established, it was obvious just how severe the punishment of the town of Kingston had been:  the new town had Eddyville with the Delaware and Hudson Canal terminus lock, the land bordering the Hudson with its icehouses and brickyards and all the advantages for trade and travel, the flat farm land of the Saugerties Road and the Brabant with its road leading into the interior.  The Esopus Creek with all the potential for mills was locate within the new town.  Finding a centrum or hub around which the township could unite was virtually impossible as it was little more than a collection of hamlets bound together by only a legislative act." (Burgher manuscript)

Although the new town lacked a geographic center, Eddyville was its economic hub. Named for George Eddy, a mill owner whose family established a cotton mill and a sawmill on the Rondout, Eddyville became a thriving hamlet in large part due to the Delaware and Hudson Canal.

Present East Kingston was first called Flatbush. Originally named by the Esopus tribe of the Lenape, the Dutchlater called it "Vlakke Basch". It became the site of cement works, ice houses and brickyards, and became second only to Eddyville in significance in the newly-formed Town of Ulster. Present Rider Park and Post Park are on former brickyards.

The hamlet of Lake Katrine bears the name of the nearby lake. The lake was first called Auntrens Pond, and the area nearby was first called Pine Bush.

Bluestone quarrying was the main industry in Ruby, which was known as both Dutch and German settlement in earlier times.

"The township remained primarily rural and agricultural until the post World War II years when so much happened so quickly and Ulster had to move into the 20th century ready or not. A major corporation, IBM, opened its Kingston facility. The economy of Ulster, the city of Kingston and neighboring towns changed irreversibly as housing developments sprang up, schools were built and other businesses arrived." (Burgher manuscript)

The town of Ulster is noted as being the "business hub" of Ulster County. Many historical sites dot the landscape.

In 1999, Lisa Groppuso was the first female supervisor, elected on the Democratic ticket. Groppuso had previously served four two-year terms (1990–1998) as town clerk.

In 2005 Ulster voters elected 21-year-old Nicky B. Woerner as the youngest town supervisor in New York State history, and elected the first Democratic town board in the town's history.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 28.9 sqmi, of which 26.8 sqmi is land and 2.1 sqmi  (7.20%) is water.

The eastern town line is formed by the Hudson River, and the western section of the town borders the City of Kingston.

Esopus Creek flows northward through the center of the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 12,327 people. 90.2% were white, 3.1% were African American, 0.3% were Native American, 2.2% were Asian, 0.0% were Pacific Islander and 2.6% were of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.4% of the population.

2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 12,544 people, 4,850 households, and 3,278 families in the town. The population density was 467.9/sqmi (180.7/km2). There were 5,239 housing units at an average density of 195.4/sqmi (75.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.44% white, 2.89% African American, .17% Native American, 1.56% Asian, .06% Pacific Islander, .36% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.45% of the population.

There were 4,850 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.96.

The town population contained 23.5% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 female people, there were 91.5 male people. For every 100 female people age 18 and over, there were 87.9 male people.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,707, and the median income for a family was $51,095. Males had a median income of $38,655 versus $26,146 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,069. About 5.9% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Ulster

 * East Kingston
 * Eddyville
 * Flatbush
 * Glenerie Lake Park
 * Lake Katrine the town hall of Ulster is in this hamlet.
 * Lincoln Park
 * Ruby
 * Ulster Landing
 * Whittier

Government
The town government consists of a supervisor, a deputy supervisor, four council members, a clerk, and two justices.

Notable people

 * Walter B. Gibson - author from 1966-1985
 * Elissa Landi - actress (1904–1948). Elisa Landi Drive was named in her honor.
 * Abraham J. Palmer (1847–1922)
 * David Provost - mayor of New York City from 1699–1700

title: Ulster, New York


text:
Walker Valley, New York

Walker Valley is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the western part of the Town of Shawangunk in Ulster County, New York, United States, generally thought of as coterminous with the 12588 ZIP code. The population was 1,269 at the 2020 census.

Walker Valley is one of the three geographic sections of the town that local residents use (The other two are Wallkill and Pine Bush). It is centered on NY 52 in the western part of town, where it begins to slope up to the Shawangunk Ridge.

History
The community was known as "Jamesburgh" until 1862. Since, it was renamed to as it is known now, Walker Valley.

Geography
Walker Valley is located at 41.64222°N, -74.3725°W (41.642235, -74.372619).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 sqmi, of which 2.1 sqmi is land and 0.48% is water.

Walker Valley is roughly where NY Route 52 begins to ascend the eastern slope of the Shawangunk Ridge. It is near the border of Sullivan County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 758 people, 276 households, and 200 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 366.5 PD/sqmi. There were 314 housing units at an average density of 151.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.51% White, 1.98% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.24% of the population.

There were 276 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $53,906, and the median income for a family was $56,250. Males had a median income of $41,458 versus $33,542 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,403. About 3.6% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Akiva Goldsman, screenwriter - A Beautiful Mind

title: Walker Valley, New York


text:
Wallkill, Ulster County, New York

Wallkill is a hamlet (and census-designated place), generally identified as coterminous with ZIP code 12589, telephone exchange 895 in the 845 area code and most of the Wallkill Central School District located mostly in the eastern half of the town of Shawangunk, Ulster County, New York, United States, but partly spilling over into adjacent regions of the Orange County towns of Newburgh and Montgomery. The population was 2,166 at the 2020 census.

The Wallkill and Shawangunk correctional facilities are located in Wallkill. The hamlet's attractions include the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail, the original Borden Farm (namesake for the area's middle school, John G. Borden Middle School), the Wallkill River, the Magnanini Winery, and for its proximity to the Shawangunk Mountains.

History
Before European settlement, this area was populated by the Munsee branch of the Lenape (Delaware) people, who occupied the upper Delaware Valley, the adjacent Catskill foothills, and most of what is now the state of New York south of the Catskills, as well as northern New Jersey (Kraft 2001). The Waronawanka (Waranawankong), known to history as the Esopus Indians, were the Munsee tribe present in the region of the Shawangunk Grasslands Refuge. They inhabited the Rondout-Wallkill Valleys/Shawangunk Mountain region southward to their boundary with the Murderer's Kill Indians (Moodna Creek, near Cornwall) and southwestward along the Shawangunks to their border with the Minisink tribe, near where present Interstate 84 crosses the ridge in western Orange County (Fried 2005).

A number of Indian tribes served as mediators between the Esopus and the Dutch during the Esopus Wars, including not only nearby tribes such as the Mohicans and Wappingers, but also the Mohawks, Senecas and Hackensack Indians, whose proximity to the major Dutch settlements at Fort Orange and New Amsterdam made them useful to both sides (Fried 1975). In 1664, a peace treaty ended the final conflict with the now impoverished Esopus Indians. Later the same year, the Dutch lost their North American colonies to the English. By 1684, the Esopus tribe had sold most of their ancestral lands to the colonies, though many Indians continued living on portions of the land until settlers actually took possession during succeeding decades.

The Lenape population had been ravaged not only by war, but by European diseases for which they had no natural immunity. The last known sale of land by an Esopus Indian in Ulster County occurred in 1770 (Fried 2005). The refuge itself lies close to two sites of great historic interest; only a mile to the west, the Esopus tribe had a major village on the Shawangunk Kill that was the scene of a dramatic battle and rescue of prisoners by Dutch forces in 1663, during the Second Esopus War.

Wallkill is also a destination for international visitors to Watchtower Farms, which draws tens of thousands each year to a free guided tour of its printery. The Watchtower Society (a legal entity of Jehovah's Witnesses) has operated the facility since 1963, initially to produce food cost-effectively for volunteer workers at its offices and printeries in Brooklyn, New York. Some printing of Awake! and The Watchtower began at Wallkill in 1973, and by 2004 their entire United States printing operation was shifted from Brooklyn to an expanded Wallkill printery. 2005 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, pages 22-24 All printing, binding, and shipping operations in the United States were consolidated at Wallkill, New York, during 2004. The general plan and concept were presented to the town planning board on August 6, 2002. A public hearing was held on September 3, after which final approval was granted. At the annual meeting of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania on October 5, 2002, an announcement was made that the Governing Body had approved the consolidation at Wallkill. Two new MAN Roland Lithoman rotary presses were ordered, and the additional building to house them was scheduled to be ready by February 2004. How could this mammoth project be accomplished in just 14 months? [...] Site work commenced in February 2003, and the addition to the printery was ready by September. The first of three existing presses at Wallkill was dismantled and relocated to the new extension in December. The two new presses arrived in April and May 2004 and began production in June and July. All five presses were fully operational by September. Previously, the bindery occupied 11 floors in three buildings of the Adams Street complex in Brooklyn. Now the entire bindery is located on one floor at Wallkill and occupies 58 percent less space. Paperback bookbinding began in July 2004. Later that month, the first hardcover books came off the new bindery line, which is over a quarter of a mile [400 m] long and consists of 33 machines connected by 70 conveyors. Book parts are handled just once, at the start of the line. Running at 120 books per minute, the hardcover line requires only 25 operators—a 66 percent reduction in personnel. The entire bindery became fully operational in October 2004. As of November 2004, the new Wallkill Shipping Department has been processing congregation literature requests by means of a new computerized system that occupies 45 percent less space than its predecessor in Brooklyn. Computers calculate the size of the shipment and select the appropriate carton. A half-mile-long [800 m] conveyor transports each order to a special platform where consignments are prepared for shipment. A drive-through area gives local congregations convenient access to pick up their orders. The Watchtower printery at Wallkill is considered an example in automated printing, binding, and packaging. Aside from those run for the federal government, Watchtower's Wallkill plant is the largest in-plant printing operation in the United States.

The Walstein Childs House, J. B. Crowell and Son Brick Mould Mill Complex, Andries DuBois House, and Reformed Dutch Church of New Hurley are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Wallkill is located at 41.6°N, -74.16667°W (41.61, -74.18). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2), all land.

The Wallkill River flows north past the hamlet.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,143 people, 788 households, and 556 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 697.3 PD/sqmi. There were 825 housing units at an average density of 268.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.01% White, 2.19% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.98% Asian, 0.56% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.15% of the population.

There were 788 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $47,604, and the median income for a family was $58,704. Males had a median income of $44,792 versus $26,786 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,258. About 3.6% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Wallkill, Ulster County, New York


text:
Wawarsing, New York

Wawarsing is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 12,771 at the 2020 census. The name Wawarsing was once believed to mean "a place where the streams wind" in the Lenape language, referring to the geography in the hamlet of Wawarsing. Specifically, the joining of the Ver Nooy Kill and the Rondout Creek at Port Ben. The name Wawarsing was used by the Lenape to designate the current hamlet and the fields to the north and south of it for at least six miles in both directions. It is the only Lenape name known to refer to an exact location in Ulster County.

The town is in the western part of the county. The southern and easternmost portions are on the Shawangunk Ridge. Most of the hilly town is in the Appalachian foothills, while the northernmost part is in the Catskills. It has three state forests (Shawangunk Ridge, VerNooykill, and Witches Hole), as well as most of Minnewaska State Park and Sam's Point Preserve, and portions of the Catskill Preserve and Sundown State Park. US 209 crosses the town, passing through many principal communities: Spring Glen, Laurenkill, Ellenville, Napanoch, the hamlet of Wawarsing, Soccanissing, and Kerhonkson. US 44 begins at a junction with 209 near the east town line. N.Y. Route 52 runs east–west near the southern border. All three roads are part of the Shawangunk Ridge National Scenic Byway.

History
The Lenape settlement "at Wawarasinke" was burned by English militiamen, led by Marten Crieger, after the Natives attacked Wiltwyck and took captives in 1663. In 1685, Warnaar Hoornbeek leased land there and was accepted as its first European pioneer. In 1703 the areas of Mombaccus and Wawarasink, Ulster County, were made The Town of Rochester. During The Revolutionary War, Wawarsing, Napanoch and Pinebush (Kerhonkson area) were attacked by British raiders, who massacred many women and children and burned the farms. In 1906, Wawarsing, Napanoch, Laurenkil, Lackawack and Grenfield joined together to form The Town of Wawarsing out of Southern Rochester and parts of unincorporated Ulster County.

The O & W Railroad Station at Port Ben was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 133.9 sqmi, of which 130.8 sqmi is land and 3.1 sqmi (2.32%) is water.

The western and southern borders of the town are Sullivan County, New York.

The northern part of the town is the southernmost portion of the Catskill Mountains. The eastern border is the Shawangunk Ridge (pronounced ). Rondout Creek passes through the town, as do the Sandburg, Laurenkill, Beerkill, Fantinekill and Vernooy Kill creeks.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,889 people, 4,382 households, and 2,966 families residing in the town. The population density was 98.6 PD/sqmi. There were 5,821 housing units at an average density of 44.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 75.03% white, 12.45% African American, .52% Native American, 1.17% Asian, .01% Pacific Islander, 7.76% from other races, and 3.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.05% of the population.

There were 4,382 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 33.1% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,872, and the median income for a family was $43,828. Males had a median income of $32,121 versus $24,656 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,512. About 13.3% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.6% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Wawarsing

 * East Wawarsing – a hamlet southeast of Wawarsing hamlet.
 * Ellenville – a village at the junction of routes 52 and 209. The town government building is located on Canal Street, Ellenville.
 * Cragsmoor – a hamlet in the southeastern part of the town.
 * Dairyland – a hamlet near the western town line on Route 52.
 * Greenfield Park – a hamlet west of Ellenville on Route 52.
 * Kerhonkson – a hamlet located by the northern town line along Route 209.
 * Honk Hill – located in Napanoch, near Honk Lake.
 * Honk Lake – a small lake south of Honk Hill.
 * Lackawack – a hamlet northwest of Wawarsing hamlet and at the edge of the Catskill Park.
 * Minnewaska State Park – a state park partly in the town.
 * Napanoch – a hamlet north of Ellenville on Route 209.
 * Pine Bush – a hamlet at the northeastern town line.
 * Potterville – an abandoned community in the town.
 * Rondout Reservoir – a reservoir partly in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Sam's Point Preserve – a nature preserve southeast of Ellenville.
 * Soyuzivka – a Ukrainian resort in Kerhonkson
 * Spring Glen – a hamlet by the southern town line.
 * Stony Kill Falls – an 87-foot-high waterfall.
 * The Cape – a hamlet northwest of Ellenville on Route 52.
 * Ulster Heights – a hamlet in the western part of the town. The Ulster Heights Synagogue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
 * Wawarsing – this eponymous hamlet is on Route 209.
 * Yagerville – an area near the Rondout Reservoir, too small to be a hamlet.

Notable people

 * Max Schubel, composer
 * John Simon, record producer
 * Joseph Terwilliger, geneticist

title: Wawarsing, New York


text:
West Hurley, New York

West Hurley is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 1,917 at the 2020 census.

West Hurley is located in the Town of Hurley and is inside the Catskill Park. The community is northwest of Kingston on Route 28.

It was one of many villages that were flooded during the creation of the Ashokan Reservoir. The village was moved, and currently resides on the northern bank of the reservoir.

Geography
West Hurley is located at 42.00444°N, -74.10944°W (42.004442, -74.109312).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.8 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,105 people, 866 households, and 600 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 557.2 PD/sqmi. There were 954 housing units at an average density of 252.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.54% White, 1.47% African American, 1.76% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.76% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.

There were 866 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 21.0% from 25 to 44, 34.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $54,615, and the median income for a family was $66,250. Males had a median income of $50,114 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,992. About 4.7% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: West Hurley, New York


text:
Zena, New York

Zena is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Ulster County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 1,038.

Zena is in the Town of Woodstock on County Route 30. The community is northwest of Kingston. Zena is one of the more wealthy areas of this region, with the average home value above $300,000.

Geography
Zena is located at 42.02222°N, -74.08583°W (42.022311, -74.085908).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.0 sqmi, all land.

Zena is bordered on the west by Morey Hill Rd, extends north through Zena Highwoods Rd until Church Rd., also north halfway up John Joy Rd. It extends north on Zena Rd, almost all the way to State Route 212. On the northern end, it also includes the southern half of Chestnut Hill Rd and most of Witchtree Rd.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,119 people, 447 households, and 320 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 379.8 PD/sqmi. There were 501 housing units at an average density of 170.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.37% White, 1.79% African American, 0.09% Native American, 1.97% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.71% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.52% of the population.

There were 447 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 32.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $62,566, and the median income for a family was $80,945. Males had a median income of $48,523 versus $39,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,084. About 3.3% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Zena, New York


text:
Bolton, New York

Bolton is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,117 at the 2000 census. Bolton is on the eastern border of the county.

History
The first settlements began circa 1792.

The village of Bolton was formed from part of the town of Thurman in 1799. Bolton lost some of its territory as three new towns were created in the county.

This village is named after Robert “Bob” Bolton, who moved there in 1788 with his wife Margaret.

The Cadet was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. The Gates Homestead was added in 2010.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, this village has a total area of 90.1 sqmi, of which 63.4 sqmi is land and 26.7 sqmi  (29.62%) is water.

The eastern village line, defined by eastern shoreline of Lake George, is the border of Washington County. The place in located within the Adirondack Park.

NY 9N follows the lake along the western shore, connecting the major settlements. Interstate 87, the Northway, runs along the western village line.

The highest point in the village of Bolton is Five Mile Mountain (occasionally spelled Fivemile Mtn) (2256 feet) in the Tongue Mountain Range. The lowest point would appear to be the surface of Lake George, at 320 feet.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,117 people, 941 households, and 628 families residing in the town. The population density was 33.4 PD/sqmi. There were 2,164 housing units at an average density of 34.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.02% White, 0.57% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.

There were 941 households, out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.70.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.4% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 32.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,935, and the median income for a family was $52,667. Males had a median income of $35,268 versus $23,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,492. About 3.3% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Bolton

 * Basin Bay – A bay south of Bolton hamlet.
 * Bolton – A hamlet located on the shore of Lake George on Route 9N.
 * Bolton Landing – A hamlet and the major community in the town. It is located on the shore of Lake George on Route 9N.
 * Boon Bay – A bay of Lake George near the southern town line.
 * Cat Mountain – A mountain in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Green Island – An island in Lake George by Bolton Landing.
 * Huddle Bay – A bay between Bolton hamlet and Bolton Landing.
 * North Bolton – A hamlet northwest of Bolton Landing.
 * Northwest Bay – A bay in Lake George, north of Bolton Landing.
 * Riverbank – A hamlet on the western town line.
 * Tongue Mountain Range – A series of mountains forming a peninsula into Lake George that helps create Northwest Bay. The mountain consists of five peaks (from north to south): Brown Mountain, Fivemile Mountain, Fifth Peak, French Point Mountain, and First Peak.
 * Trout Lake – A lake in the south-central part of the town.

title: Bolton, New York


text:
Talk:Sequencer

Split
This article probably needs to be split up into three, and made into a disambiguation page.

 * And so it was. — Loadmaster (talk) 22:45, 18 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sequencer


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Chester, Warren County, New York

Chester is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls metropolitan area. The population was 3,086 at the 2020 census. The town is made up by communities of Chestertown and Pottersville.

The Town of Chester is on the county's northern border.

History
Settlement began around 1794. The Town of Chester was formed from part of the Town of Thurman in 1799.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 87.1 sqmi, of which 84.5 sqmi is land and 2.6 sqmi  (3.03%) is water.

Chester is situated in the Adirondack Park, and the northern town line is the border of Essex County, New York.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,614 people, 1,280 households, and 889 families residing in the town. The population density was 42.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,418 housing units at an average density of 28.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.73% White, 0.19% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. 1.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.

There were 1,280 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 18.3% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,452, and the median income for a family was $42,473. Males had a median income of $30,355 versus $21,740 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,740. About 8.4% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Industry
Peckham Materials Corporation, a manufacturer of asphalt and crushed stone, operates a large quarry at the southern end of the town.

Lincoln Logs Ltd., a manufacturer of log, timber, and cedar homes, operates a large mill in the hamlet of Chestertown.

School district
Town of Chester and Town of Horicon together established North Warren Central School District, which serves residents of both towns.

Communities and inhabited locations

 * Chestertown – This hamlet is the major community in the Town of Chester and it is located in the south part of the town by the junction of Route 8 and U.S. Route 9. The town hall, North Warren Central School, and most of the town's business, culture and industry is located in this hamlet.
 * Darrowsville – A hamlet by the southern town line.
 * Igerna – A hamlet in the northern part of the town.
 * Pottersville – A hamlet at the foot of Schroon Lake. It is also second largest community in the town. This hamlet has ZIP code 12860.
 * Riparius – A hamlet by the western town line.

Geographical and similar locations

 * Byrnes Corners – A location near the northern town line.
 * Friends Lake – A lake in the southern section of the town, southwest of Chestertown.
 * Loon Lake – A lake in the southern part of the town, west of Chestertown.
 * Palmer Pond – A lake located south of Loon Lake.
 * Schroon Lake – A large lake partly in the eastern part of the town.

Notable person

 * Matthew Beebe, Wisconsin businessman and legislator; was born in Warren.

title: Chester, Warren County, New York