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Fleming, New York

Fleming is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,475 at the 2020 census. The name is that of General George Fleming, an early settler. Fleming is at the northern end of Owasco Lake, south of Auburn.

History
The area of Fleming was first settled circa 1790. The town was formed in 1823 from part of the town of Aurelius.

Geography
Fleming is located south of the center of Cayuga County and is bordered to the north by the city of Auburn, the county seat. According to the United States Census Bureau, Fleming has a total area of 62.9 km2, of which 56.5 km2 is land and 6.4 km2, or 10.21%, is water.

The eastern town line is defined by Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes.

New York State Route 34 and New York State Route 38 are north-south highways in Fleming. NY-38 parallels the shore line of Owasco Lake, and NY-34 intersects with New York State Route 34B south of Fleming village. A short section of New York State Route 326 crosses the northwest corner of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,647 people, 1,041 households, and 756 families residing in the town. The population density was 121.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,153 housing units at an average density of 52.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.68% White, 0.15% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 1,041 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.7% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,363, and the median income for a family was $54,879. Males had a median income of $40,789 versus $28,182 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,603. About 3.9% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Fleming

 * Fleming – The hamlet of Fleming is on NY-34. It was settled before 1798.
 * Mapleton – A location on NY-34B in the southern part of the town.
 * Sherlock Corners – A hamlet on NY-35 in the northern part of the town.
 * Shumaker Crossing – A hamlet on NY-34 west of Sherlock Corners.
 * Wyckoff (formerly Wyckoffs Station) – A hamlet in the southeastern corner of the town on NY-38 by Owasco Lake.

Notable people

 * William H. Carpenter, Fleming postmaster in the 1850s and later U.S. Consul to Fuzhou, China, 1861–1865
 * Susan Ann Edson (1823-1897), personal physician to President James A. Garfield

title: Fleming, New York


text:
Genoa, New York

Genoa is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,816 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Genoa in Italy.

The town is located in the southwestern corner of the county and is north of Ithaca. Genoa is in the heart of the Finger Lakes region.

History
The Sullivan Expedition moved through the area in 1779 destroying native villages and stores. Genoa became part of the Central New York Military Tract. The first settlers arrived in 1791.

The town was created as Milton in 1789 while still part of Onondaga County. The name was changed to Genoa in 1808. The town was reduced to form the town of Locke in 1802. Genoa was reduced again in 1817 to form the town of Lansing in Tompkins County.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Genoa has a total area of 111.8 km2, of which 102.6 km2 is land and 9.2 km2, or 8.26%, is water.

The western town line, marked by Cayuga Lake, is the border of Seneca County, and the southern town boundary is the border of Tompkins County.

New York State Route 34 and New York State Route 34B are north-south highways through the town. New York State Route 90 becomes an east-west highway at Jump Corners.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,914 people, 718 households, and 529 families residing in the town. The population density was 48.3 PD/sqmi. There were 927 housing units at an average density of 23.4 per square mile (9.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.02% White, 0.52% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 1.25% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.40% of the population.

There were 718 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,618, and the median income for a family was $50,473. Males had a median income of $32,679 versus $23,603 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,960. About 6.1% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Genoa

 * Atwaters – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of Genoa on the shore of Cayuga Lake.
 * Belltown – A location east of Goodyear Corners.
 * Bowers Corners – A hamlet southeast of King Ferry.
 * East Genoa – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on NY-34. The East Genoa Methodist Episcopal Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
 * Five Corners – A hamlet in the south of Genoa, east of Goodyear Corners.
 * Forks of the Creek – A location southeast of Five Corners.
 * Genoa – A hamlet at the junction of NY-34 and NY-90.
 * Goodyear Corners – A hamlet south of King Ferry on NY-34B.
 * Jump Corners – A location west of King Ferry on NY-90.
 * King Ferry (formerly "Northville") – A hamlet in the northwestern part of town at the junction of NY-34B and NY-90.
 * King Ferry Station – A hamlet west of King Ferry at the edge of Cayuga Lake.
 * Little Hollow – A location on NY-90 between King Ferry and Genoa at Little Salmon Creek.
 * Little Salmon Creek – A stream flowing south through the center of the town, leading to Cayuga Lake.
 * McQuiggen Corners – A location west of Goodyear Corners.
 * Weekes Corners – A location between King Ferry and Little Hollow.

Namesakes
Genoa, Illinois, was named after Genoa, New York, by early settler Thomas Madison, a Revolutionary War soldier from Ashtabula County, Ohio.

Notable people

 * John Bascom (1827-1911), educator, writer, president of the University of Wisconsin
 * Asahel Finch, Jr. (1809-1883), politician and lawyer in Michigan and Wisconsin

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Genoa, New York


text:
Poor (disambiguation)

Poor is an adjective related to a state of poverty.

Poor or The poor may also refer to:

Places

 * Pur, Iran (, also romanized as poor), a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran
 * Poor Mountain, a mountain in Virginia
 * Poor Valley, a valley in Tennessee and Virginia

People with the name

 * Charles Henry Poor (1808–1882), a United States Navy officer
 * Charles Lane Poor (1866–1951), an American astronomer
 * Edward Erie Poor (1837–1900), an American banker, president of the National Park Bank
 * Enoch Poor (1736–1780), an American general in the American Revolutionary War
 * Henry Poor (disambiguation), various people
 * Janet Meakin Poor (1929–2017), an American landscape design specialist from Winnetka, Illinois
 * John A. Poor (1808–1871), an American lawyer, editor, and railroad entrepreneur
 * Salem Poor (1747–1802), an African-American slave and American Revolutionary War soldier

Music

 * The Poor (American band), American rock band
 * The Poor (Australian band), Australian rock band

title: Poor (disambiguation)


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One-nation conservatism

One-nation conservatism, also known as one-nationism or Tory democracy, is a paternalistic form of British political conservatism. It advocates the preservation of established institutions and traditional principles within a political democracy, in combination with social and economic programmes designed to benefit the ordinary person. According to this political philosophy, society should be allowed to develop in an organic way, rather than being engineered. It argues that members of society have obligations towards each other and particularly emphasises paternalism, meaning that those who are privileged and wealthy should pass on their benefits. It argues that this elite should work to reconcile the interests of all social classes, including labour and management, rather than identifying the good of society solely with the interests of the business class.

The describing phrase 'one-nation Tory' originated with Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881), who served as the chief Conservative spokesman and became Prime Minister in February 1868. He devised it to appeal to working-class people, who he hoped would see it as a way to improve their lives via factory and health acts as well as greater protection for workers. The ideology featured heavily during Disraeli's two terms in government, during which considerable social reforms were passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Towards the end of the 19th century, the Conservative Party moved away from paternalism in favour of free market capitalism. In the first half of the 20th century, fears of extremism saw a revival of one-nation Conservatism. The Conservative Party continued to espouse the philosophy throughout the post-war consensus from 1945. One-nation thinking influenced their tolerance of the Labour government's Keynesian intervention in the economy, formation of a welfare state and the National Health Service. Thanks to Iain Macleod, Edward Heath and Enoch Powell, special attention after 1950 was paid to one-nation conservatism that promised support for the poorer and working class elements in the Party coalition.

Later years saw the rise of the New Right, espoused by leaders such as Margaret Thatcher. This strand of conservatism rejected one-nation thinking and attributed the country's social and economic troubles to the welfare state and Keynesian policies. In the 21st century, leaders of the Conservative Party revived the one-nation approach including David Cameron, Theresa May and Boris Johnson  - although the latter's position as a One Nation conservative has been heavily disputed.

Political philosophy
One-nation conservatism was conceived by the Conservative British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, who outlines his political philosophy in two of his novels: Coningsby (1844), and Sybil (1845). Disraeli's conservatism proposed a paternalistic society with the social classes intact, but with the working class receiving support from the establishment. He emphasised the importance of social obligation rather than individualism. The phrase was coined because Disraeli feared a Britain divided into two nations, one of the rich and one of the poor, as a result of increased industrialisation and inequality. One-nation conservatism was his solution to this division, namely a system of measures to improve the lives of the people, provide social support and protect the working classes.

Disraeli justified his ideas by his belief in an organic society in which the different classes have natural obligations to one another. He saw society as naturally hierarchical and emphasised the obligations of those at the top to those below. This was a continuation of the feudal concept of noblesse oblige, which asserted that the aristocracy had an obligation to be generous and honourable. To Disraeli, this implied that government should be paternalistic. Unlike the New Right of the late 20th century, one-nation conservatism identifies its approach as pragmatic and non-ideological. Its proponents would say that it accepts the need for flexible policies and as such one-nation conservatives have often sought compromise with their ideological opponents for the sake of social stability. Disraeli justified his views pragmatically by arguing that should the ruling class become indifferent to the suffering of the people, society would become unstable and social revolution would become a possibility.

History
One-nation conservatism has its origins in the repercussions of the Industrial Revolution, which had caused widespread inequality, poverty and social discontent in Britain. Tory politicians such as Richard Oastler, Michael Thomas Sadler and Lord Shaftesbury combined their elitist responsibility and a strong humanitarian element with their involvement in the Factory Acts. They were critical of individualism and classical economics, they also disliked the 1834 New Poor Law and believed in the role of the state in guaranteeing decent housing, working conditions, wages and treatment of the poor.

Disraeli adopted one-nation conservatism for both ethical and electoral reasons. Before he became leader of the Conservative Party, he persuaded his cabinet colleagues to introduce the Reform Act 1867 which enfranchised much of the skilled male working-class. Disraeli argued that the party needed to pursue social reforms if it were to have electoral success with this new constituency. He felt that one-nationism would both improve the conditions of the poor and portray the Liberal Party as selfish individualists.

While in government, Disraeli presided over a series of social reforms which supported his one-nation politics and aimed to create a benevolent hierarchy. He appointed a Royal Commission to assess the state of law between employers and employees. As a result, Richard Cross was moved to pass the Employers and Workmen Act 1875. This act made both sides of industry equal before the law and the breach of contract became a civil offence, rather than criminal. Cross also passed the Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act in the same year which enshrined the worker's right to strike by ensuring that acts carried out by a workers' group could not be indicted as conspiracy.

By the end of the 19th century, the Conservatives had moved away from their one-nation ideology and were increasingly supportive of unrestricted capitalism and free enterprise. During the interwar period between 1919 and 1939, public fear of Bolshevism restored the Conservative Party to one-nationism. It defined itself as the party of national unity and began to support moderate reform. As the effects of the Great Depression were felt in Britain, the party was drawn to even greater levels of state intervention. Conservative prime ministers Neville Chamberlain and Stanley Baldwin pursued an interventionist, one-nation approach which won support because of its wide electoral appeal. Throughout the post-war consensus of the 1950s and 1960s, the Conservative Party continued to be dominated by one-nation conservatives whose ideas were inspired by Disraeli. The philosophy was updated and developed by the new conservatism movement led by Rab Butler. New conservatism attempted to distinguish itself from the socialism of Anthony Crosland by concentrating welfare on those in need and encouraging people to help themselves, rather than foster dependency on the state.

Until the mid-1970s, the Conservative Party was mostly controlled by one-nation conservatives. The rise of the New Right in conservative politics led to a critique of one-nation conservatism. The New Right thinkers contended that Keynesianism and the welfare state had damaged the economy and society. The Winter of Discontent of 1978–1979 in which trades unions took industrial action with a wide impact on daily life was portrayed by the New Right as illustrative of the over-extension of the state. Figures such as Margaret Thatcher believed that to reverse the national decline it was necessary to revive old values of individualism and challenge the dependency culture which they felt had been created by the welfare state. One-nation conservatives such as Edward Heath continued to criticise Thatcher's premiership during the early 1980s recession, but they lost influence after the party won the 1983 general election.

The Conservative Party's 2010 general election manifesto contained a section on "One World Conservatism", including a commitment to spend 0.7% of national income on well-targeted aid. In 2006, Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Andrew Tyrie published a pamphlet which claimed that party leader David Cameron was following the one-nationist path of Disraeli. Phillip Blond, a British political theorist who has had past connections with the Conservative Party, has proposed a renewed version of one-nation conservatism.

Theresa May promoted "One Nation" ideas during her successful bid for the Tory leadership in 2016. Previously in 2002 she had highlighted that the party was known as the "Nasty Party".

Also in 2010, the then London Mayor and prominent Conservative (and later prime minister) Boris Johnson explained his political philosophy as such: "I'm a one-nation Tory. There is a duty on the part of the rich to the poor and to the needy, but you are not going to help people express that duty and satisfy it if you punish them fiscally so viciously that they leave this city and this country. I want London to be a competitive, dynamic place to come to work."In 2019, a One Nation Conservative caucus was formed in Parliament.

Contemporary British one-nation conservative think tanks include Bright Blue, Onward, Centre for Policy Studies, and the Centre for Social Justice.

title: One-nation conservatism


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Ira, New York

Ira is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,145 at the 2020 census. The town is in the northern part of the county and is northwest of Syracuse.

History
Ira was part of the Central New York Military Tract. The first settlers arrived circa 1800. The town was founded in 1821 from part of the town of Cato. Part of Ira was returned to Cato in 1824.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 90.4 km2, of which 90.1 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.30%, is water. Many drumlins, relics of the Ice Age, are scattered about the town.

The northern town line and part of the eastern town boundary are the border of Oswego County, and the remainder of the east town line is the border of Onondaga County.

New York State Route 34 and New York State Route 176 are north–south highways in Ira. New York State Route 370 is an east–west highway along the south town line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,426 people, 822 households, and 669 families residing in the town. The population density was 69.6 PD/sqmi. There were 867 housing units at an average density of 24.9 per square mile (9.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.03% White, 0.41% African American, 0.70% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 822 households, out of which 41.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 14.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,027, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $35,472 versus $25,134 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,954. About 3.4% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Ira

 * Beaver Meadows – A swampy area south of Benton Corners.
 * Benton Corners – A location east of Ira village on NY-176.
 * Bethel Corners (also called "Bethel") – A hamlet near the northern town line on NY-34.
 * Cato – The village of Cato is on the southern town boundary, partly in the town of Cato.
 * Floridaville – A hamlet at the eastern town line.
 * Fox's Corners – A former location west of Ira village.
 * Ira (formerly "Ira Center") – The hamlet of Ira is near the center of the town. It was settled circa 1805.
 * Ira Corners (formerly "Ira Station") – a location on the western town line, west of Ira.
 * Meridian – The village of Meridian is by the southern town line in the town of Cato.
 * Mud Pond – A small lake in the southwestern part of Ira.

title: Ira, New York


text:
Ledyard, New York

Ledyard is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,654 at the 2020 census. The name of the town is from General Benjamin Ledyard, an early settler of the town. Ledyard is on the western edge of the county and is southwest of Auburn.

Wells College, founded as a college for women, is in the village of Aurora.

History
The south part of Ledyard was in the Central New York Military Tract, and the northern part was a reservation designated for the Cayuga tribe. The first settlers arrived around 1789. The town of Ledyard was founded in 1823 from part of the town of Scipio.

The North Street Friends Meetinghouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Rose Marie Belforti, Ledyard's town clerk, refused in 2011 to issue marriage licences to same-sex couples, claiming to do so would violate her "freedom of religion", instead delegating the ministerial task to a deputy. She was re-elected in November of that year.

Notable person
Henry Wells, founder of Wells Fargo and American Express, was from Aurora.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 125.6 km2, of which 93.5 km2 is land and 32.3 km2, or 25.67%, is water.

The town is on the eastern shore of Cayuga Lake, in the Finger Lakes region.

The western town line is the border of Seneca County.

New York State Route 34B and New York State Route 90 are north-south highways in Ledyard.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,832 people, 608 households, and 423 families residing in the town. The population density was 50.4 PD/sqmi. There were 886 housing units at an average density of 24.4 per square mile (9.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.96% White, 0.71% African American, 0.38% Native American, 1.31% Asian, 0.55% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.15% of the population.

There were 608 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 21.3% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 65.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,857, and the median income for a family was $51,842. Males had a median income of $31,719 versus $24,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,231. About 1.9% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Ledyard

 * Aurora – The village of Aurora is on NY-90 and the shore of Cayuga Lake.
 * Barbers Corners – A location in the northeast of Ledyard.
 * Black Rock – A hamlet west of Ledyard.
 * Chapel Corners – A location southeast of Aurora.
 * Cooneys Corners – A location in the northern part of Ledyard.
 * Ellis Point – A projection into Cayuga Lake by Levanna.
 * Ledyard – The hamlet of Ledyard is on the town line in the southwest of the town on NY-34B.
 * Levanna – A hamlet on NY-90 by the shore of Cayuga Lake, north of Aurora.
 * Long Point State Park is south of Aurora village.
 * Prospect Corners – A location southeast of Aurora.
 * Stony Point – A projection into Cayuga Lake north of the state park.
 * Turney Corners – A location southeast of Aurora.
 * Willets – A hamlet on the shore of Cayuga Lake, south of the state park.

title: Ledyard, New York


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Locke, New York

Locke is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,877 at the 2020 census. The town was named after John Locke, an English philosopher, and is the birthplace of Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States.

Locke is on the southern border of Cayuga County and is southeast of Auburn.

History

Locke was in the Central New York Military Tract, used to pay soldiers of the American Revolution. The first settlers arrived in 1790. They found evidence of earlier Native American occupants in the form of ruined villages and burial grounds.

The town of Locke was formed in 1802 from the town of Genoa, then known as "Milton". Part of Locke was used in 1817 to form the town of Groton (now in Tompkins County). Another division of Locke in 1831 formed the town of Summerhill.

A devastating fire in 1912 destroyed approximately thirty buildings in Locke village.

A second devastating fire occurred on April 10, 1975, destroying eleven buildings and causing approximately $650,000 in damage. The fire was a result of a gasoline tanker losing its brakes while descending State Route 90 and crashing into the bank at the intersection of State Route 90 and State Route 38.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 63.2 km2, of which 63.0 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.43%, is water.

North-south New York State Route 38 intersects east-west New York State Route 90 in Locke village.

The Owasco Inlet is a stream flowing northward through the town into Owasco Lake. Hemlock Creek joins the Owasco Inlet at Locke village. The town is in the Finger Lakes region of New York.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,900 people, 704 households, and 539 families residing in the town. The population density was 77.9 PD/sqmi. There were 760 housing units at an average density of 31.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.26% White, 0.26% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.42% Asian, and 0.63% from two or more races. 0.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 704 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,885, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $28,793 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,580. 8.9% of the population and 7.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.8% of those under the age of 18 and 2.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Communities and locations in Locke

 * Centerville – A historic location north of Locke village.
 * Chipman Corners – A hamlet in the southeast of the town on County Road 161 (Chipman Corners Road).
 * Fillmore Glen State Park – A state park partly in Locke at the northern town line.
 * Grisamore Farms – A popular location for fresh apples, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, peaches, pumpkins, edible and ornamental plants.
 * Locke (formerly "Milan") – A hamlet near the center of the town at the junction of NY-38 and NY-90 and the confluence of Owasco Inlet and Hemlock Creek.
 * Satterly Corners – A location north of Shaw Corners on County Road 54 (Toll Gate Road).
 * Shaw Corners – A location east of Locke village on NY-90.
 * Toll Gate Corners – A hamlet at the northern town line near the state park.

title: Locke, New York


text:
Melrose Park, New York

Melrose Park is a suburban community and census-designated place (CDP) in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,294 at the 2010 census. It is a suburb of Auburn, located south of the city in the town of Owasco.

Geography
Melrose Park is located in the northwest corner of Owasco at 42.91194°N, -76.53833°W (42.912071, -76.538289).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.2 km2, of which 9.7 km2 is land and 1.5 km2, or 13.54%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,359 people, 908 households, and 698 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 630.1 PD/sqmi. There were 931 housing units at an average density of 248.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.73% White, 0.13% African American, 0.68% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.42% of the population.

There were 908 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.6% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,600, and the median income for a family was $60,000. Males had a median income of $42,857 versus $28,472 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,724. About 1.2% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.3% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Melrose Park, New York


text:
Mentz, New York

Mentz is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,114 at the 2020 census. The town is in the central part of the county, 7 miles north of Auburn.The town's name has never been determined, but it is locally believed that it derived from Mainz, in Germany.

History
The town was formed in 1802 as the "Town of Jefferson" from the town of Aurelius while still part of Onondaga County. On March 30, 1808, the town was renamed to Mentz, as too many towns, villages, and a county had taken the name of Jefferson to honor the past president. The town is part of the Military Tract, and much of the land was given to soldiers who had served in the Revolutionary War. The first settlers built their homes around the Owasco Outlet, which is the outflow of Owasco Lake, one of the smaller Finger Lakes. The Owasco Outlet flows to the Seneca River, which serves as the northern border of the town. The settlers used the Outlet for transportation and for milling.

The Erie Canal was built through the town in 1819 and was opened to traffic in 1820, with service between Montezuma and Utica. The new Erie Canal fostered rapid growth and the settlement that had built up around the Outlet was given the name of Bucksville. The post office was given the name of Port Byron to honor the late poet Lord Byron, and soon Bucksville was renamed as Port Byron. On March 2, 1837, the community of Port Byron set itself apart from Mentz by incorporating as a village.

The town also had a number of smaller communities.

In 1859 the town of Mentz was divided into Mentz, Montezuma and Throop.

Today, the town serves mostly as a bedroom community for the cities of Auburn, Syracuse and Rochester.

Transportation
In 1853, the New York Central Railroad was constructed through the northern lands of the town, about one mile north of the village. A depot and hotel were built along the tracks and the area was given the name of North Port Byron.

in 1884, the New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway was built through the town, closely following the route of its competitor, the New York Central. The "West Shore" built a depot on the northern border of the village. Service ended on the West Shore in the 1950s.

The Rochester, Syracuse and Eastern Interurban was built through the town in 1907. The company went out of business in 1931.

The towpath version of the Erie Canal was enlarged in 1857 and again in 1896. In 1917, the Erie Canal was moved to the canalized Seneca River, where it remains today.

The east-west NY Route 31, which was the old Montezuma Turnpike, passes through the center of the town and village of Port Byron. The north-south NY Route 38 passes through the town and village.

The New York State Thruway was constructed in the 1950s and passes through the town on an east-west alignment, closely following the route of the Erie Canal. The nearest access exit, Exit 40, is 4 miles to the east in Weedsport. The Port Byron Service Plaza is located two miles west of the village near the Mentz/Montezuma border. The Old Erie Canal Heritage Park was built as an attraction on the Thruway and lies on the western border of the village.

Notable people

 * John W. DeGroff, Wisconsin politician, born in Mentz
 * Isaac Singer, sewing machine manufacturer
 * Henry Wells, partner in Wells-Fargo
 * Brigham Young, the Mormon leader, lived briefly in the town between 1825 and 1829. The house he rented still stands and is owned by the Brigham Young family. He also built a second house in the village, which also remains in use.
 * In 1997, town supervisor Bill Jones was convicted of official misconduct and a gun charge, but vanished before his sentencing. He hid in southern Ohio with his girlfriend, at one point living on land owned by Fredericka Wagner, who was implicated in the Pike County shootings. In January 2021 he was arrested after being taken to a hospital and remanded to New York State.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.5 km2, of which 43.8 km2 is land and 0.7 km2, or 1.51%, is water.

The northern town line is defined by the Seneca River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,446 people, 932 households, and 676 families residing in the town. The population density was 143.5 PD/sqmi. There were 999 housing units at an average density of 58.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.52% White, 0.94% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.65% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.64% of the population.

There were 932 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,398, and the median income for a family was $36,637. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $20,172 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,494. About 9.4% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Mentz

 * Haydenville was built 2 miles south of Port Byron on the bank of the Owasco Outlet. This settlement was built around a large woolen mill that used the outlet for power and production.
 * Throopsville was another milling place along the Owasco Outlet, about 5 miles south of Port Byron.
 * Centerport was built on the east side of the town along the Erie Canal. The name was taken as it was centered between Weedsport and Port Byron. The principle industry was the manufacture of grain cradles, using water from a canal feeder as power for the mill. Centerport also served as shipping point on the canal.
 * Montezuma was located about 3 miles west of Port Byron on the bank of the Seneca River. The early settlement was a shipping center on the Seneca river, which was the principle east-west transportation route prior to the construction of the Erie Canal. The hamlet was also known for its salt production from brine wells.
 * High Bridge / Fox Ridge was a area along the New York Central Railroad.
 * North Port Byron – A hamlet north of Port Byron village on NY Route 38.
 * Port Byron – The village of Port Byron is at the intersection of NY-31 and NY-38, immediately south of the Thruway. Port Byron grew to prominence as a port on the Erie Canal, but the canal was abandoned in 1917 when the route was moved to the Seneca River.

title: Mentz, New York


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Meridian, New York

Meridian is a village in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 309 at the 2010 census. Meridian is near the northern town line of the town of Cato and is west of Syracuse.

History
The community was settled in 1804. It was once called "Cato Four Corners". Meridian was incorporated as a village in 1854.

The Meridian Baptist Church, at the eastern edge of the village, was founded in 1810. The church celebrated the 200th anniversary of its founding for a full year in 2010. The anniversary observance ended in October.

A number of houses and other buildings of spectacular architectural styling, in varying conditions of preservation, grace the village. If documented, more would certainly be eligible for National Register of Historic Places listing, but as of 2022 only the William Smith Ingham House is so listed.

Notable person
Theodore Ruggles Timby, inventor of the revolving turret used on the USS Monitor during the Civil War, lived in Meridian from at least 1839 until he left in the fall of 1855. Prior to his leaving the village, his fraudulent behavior while serving as Secretary and agent of the Tempest Insurance Company of Meridian caused significant financial losses to the company. He left town heavily in debt. His residence still stands on the west side of Bonta Bridge Road, south of the center of the village.

Geography
Meridian is located at 43.16361°N, -76.535°W (43.163531, -76.535045).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.8 km2, all land.

New York State Route 370 passes through the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 350 people, 118 households, and 90 families residing in the village. The population density was 505.8 PD/sqmi. There were 120 housing units at an average density of 173.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.43% White, 0.57% Native American, and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population.

There were 118 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $41,250, and the median income for a family was $48,250. Males had a median income of $35,313 versus $25,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,567. About 5.5% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Meridian, New York


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Montezuma, New York

Montezuma is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,277 at the 2010 census.

Located along the Seneca River, the Town is at the western border of Cayuga County and is northwest of Auburn. The Erie Canal was built through here, bringing new commerce, as did the railroad. National and state historic districts have been designated as related to the canal period, as well as national and state wildlife areas to preserve natural resources of the remaining areas of the Montezuma Swamp. Once one of the largest wetlands areas in the Northeast, it extended between the northern end of Cayuga Lake and almost reached the southern end of Lake Ontario.

History
This was part of the large territory occupied and controlled by the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy as well established before any European colonization. Most Europeans during the colonial period did not penetrate this far west but had relations with the Mohawk nation to the East for trading.

During the American Revolutionary War, there was extensive warfare on the frontier; Joseph Brant, a Mohawk chief, led Iroquois and some Loyalist forces against patriot villages. In retaliation, General George Washington assigned the Sullivan Expedition to punish the Iroquois; they attacked the Seneca and Cayuga villages in the western part of New York, destroying more than 50, plus their winter stores and crops. Many of the Iroquois fled to Canada and fatalities were high that winter from starvation.

After the war, the area of the town was part of a reservation set aside for the members of the Cayuga tribe when the Central New York Military Tract was established. European-American settlers began to arrive around 1798, some migrating from the Mohawk Valley and others from New England. The Mentz Church was founded by early settlers. New York sold off much of the reservation, and the Cayuga were forced to share land with the Seneca on the latter's reservation. The federally recognized Cayuga Nation of New York were landless until the early 21st century.

The new settlers made salt production an important early industry, developed from salt springs long used by the Iroquois. The Erie Canal was constructed along the Mohawk River in the 1820s and passed through the town. It was so popular with passengers and commercial traffic that the state quickly made plans to enlarge it. During redevelopment to enlarge the canal, part of the canal was carried over the Seneca River via construction of the massive Richmond Aqueduct (1849-1856). This had 31 stones arches, and was 11 feet high and 22 feet wide. It was the second-largest aqueduct built on the Enlarged Erie and cost $125,000 to build.

The Town of Montezuma was established from the town of Mentz in 1859. The Mentz Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The Seneca River Crossing Canals Historic District was listed in the NRHP in 2005.

Montezuma Heritage Park was established in the early 21st century to preserve natural and cultural resources in the canal and river area. The site is to be interpreted to tell the dynamic story of the four separate canals built in Montezuma that were developed into the current Canal System.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Montezuma has a total area of 48.5 km2, of which 47.2 km2 is land and 1.2 km2, or 2.53%, is water.

Most of the west town line, partly marked by the Seneca River and the Cayuga–Seneca Canal, is the border of Seneca County. The northwest town line is the border of Wayne County, also marked by the Seneca River along with the Erie Canal.

The New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) crosses the town. Conjoined US 20 and New York State Route 5 pass through the southwest corner of the town. New York State Route 90 is a north-south highway that intersects east-west New York State Route 31 north of Montezuma village.

The eastern part of the large and important Montezuma Swamp is in the Town; it is part of the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds. Although 70 percent of the swamp's original 40,000 acres were drained for agricultural cultivation in the 19th and 20th centuries, the remaining portions are critical habitat to migratory birds and many animals.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,431 people, 498 households, and 384 families residing in the town. The population density was 78.2 PD/sqmi. There were 547 housing units at an average density of 29.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.39% White, 0.07% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.21% Asian, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.

There were 498 households, out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 17.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,769, and the median income for a family was $44,808. Males had a median income of $31,518 versus $22,885 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,551. About 10.7% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Montezuma

 * Fox Ridge – A hamlet by the Erie Canal and the northern Town line.
 * Free Bridge Corners – A location in the southwestern corner of the Town.
 * Montezuma – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the Town. NY-90 north of the Thruway was constructed here. It was incorporated as a village in 1866, but later abandoned that status.
 * Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge – A conservation area on the western side of the Town.
 * Northern Montezuma Wildlife Management Area – Part of this state conservation area is in the northern part of the Town.
 * Montezuma Station A hamlet geographically between Fox Ridge, and Willow Grove.
 * Willow Grove – A hamlet near the western Town line, located next to the Erie Canal.

title: Montezuma, New York


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Niles, New York

Niles is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,194 at the 2010 census. Niles lies in the eastern part of the county, southeast of Auburn.

History
Niles was in the Central New York Military Tract, land reserved for veterans. The area that would become the town was first settled circa 1792. The town of Niles was created in 1833 by division of the town of Sempronius.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 112.3 km2, of which 100.9 km2 is land and 11.3 km2, or 11.83%, is water.

Niles is between Owasco Lake and Skaneateles Lake, two of the Finger Lakes. The eastern town line and part of the northern town boundary are the border of Onondaga County.

New York State Route 38A intersects New York State Route 41A in the northwest part of the town.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,208 people, 476 households and 348 families residing in the town. The population density was 30.9 PD/sqmi. There were 824 housing units at an average density of 21.1 per square mile (8.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.09% White, 0.33% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% Asian, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.08% of the population.

There were 476 households, of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.91.

24.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.

The median household income was $42,167 and the median family incomewas $47,188. Males had a median income of $33,250 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,791. About 5.4% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Niles

 * Adams Point – a projection into Owasco Lake.
 * Austin – a hamlet in the western part of the town.
 * Carpenter Point – a projection into Skaneateles Lake.
 * Conklin Cove – a hamlet on Owasco Lake near the northern town line.
 * Globe Hotel Corners – a hamlet on NY Route 38A near the southern town boundary.
 * Gregory Landing – a hamlet of vacation homes and cottages on the western shore of Skaneateles Lake in the southeast of Niles. Named after a historical family in the area.
 * Kelloggsville – a hamlet near the southern town line.
 * Koenigs Point – a location at the northwestern corner of the town.
 * New Hope – a hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on NY Route 41A. The New Hope Mills Complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
 * Niles – the hamlet of Niles is near the northern town boundary on NY-38A. West Niles Mayor Tiffany Dewitt residing.
 * Omro – a hamlet in the southwestern part of the town near the town line.
 * Partello Corners – a hamlet in the southeastern section of the town on NY-38A.
 * Rice Point a location on the shore of Owasco Lake by the southern town line.
 * Seward Point – a projection into Owasco Lake.
 * Twelve Corners – a location in the central part of the town, south of Niles village.

title: Niles, New York


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Owasco, New York

Owasco is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. It is part of the traditional territory of the Cayuga nation. The population was 3,793 at the 2010 census. Owasco is in the eastern part of Cayuga County and is at the southeast city line of Auburn. The town borders Owasco Lake, from where it gets its name.

History
In early times, Owasco was home to the Cayuga, who lived primarily between Owasco and Cayuga lakes, which lay between the territory of the Onondaga and Seneca. Jesuits founded missions among the Cayuga in the mid-17th century. In 1660, there were approximately 1,500 Cayuga.

The land was first settled by Europeans around 1792, by a man named Herman Mesgow.

After the American Revolution, most Cayuga relocated to Canada after the Treaty of Canandaigua in 1794, although some bands were allowed small reservations in New York. New York made separate purchases and leases of land from the Indians, which were not ratified by the US Congress.

The town of Owasco was formed in 1802 from the town of Aurelius.

Lakeside Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Notable people

 * Ennis Raymond Austin, architect
 * Enos Throop, tenth governor of New York

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 60.8 km2, of which 54.1 km2 is land and 6.7 km2, or 11.05%, is water.

Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, defines the western town line. The eastern town line is the border of Onondaga County. Sucker Brook enters Owasco Lake at the northern end, and Owasco Outlet marks the town line, south of Auburn. Dutch Hollow Brook enters Owasco Lake near Burtis Point.

New York State Route 38A is a north-south highway in the town, running southward along Owasco Lake.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,755 people, 1,425 households, and 1,107 families residing in the town. The population density was 179.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,608 housing units at an average density of 76.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.91% White, 0.11% African American, 0.03% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population.

There were 1,425 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $52,544, and the median income for a family was $60,978. Males had a median income of $40,943 versus $27,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,922. About 2.1% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Owasco

 * Baptist Corners – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Burtis Point – A projection into Owasco Lake.
 * Degroff – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Highland Beach – A hamlet on the shore of Lake Owasco and NY-38A.
 * Koenigs Point – A location on Owasco Lake at the southwestern corner of the town.
 * Melrose Park – A suburban area south of Auburn on NY-38A.
 * Owasco – The hamlet of Owasco is in the southeastern part of the town on NY-38A. The Owasco Reformed Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
 * Petty Corner – A hamlet in the northern part of Owasco, near Auburn.
 * Valentines Corners – A hamlet west of Owasco village.

title: Owasco, New York


text:
Port Byron, New York

Port Byron is a village in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,290 at the 2010 census. It is in the town of Mentz and is north of Auburn.

History
Settlers began arriving around 1797. Originally known as "King's Settlement", then Bucksville, finally, the name was changed to Port Byron in 1825 as it became a port on the Erie Canal. It has been suggested that the new name may have been chosen in reference to Lord Byron, the English romantic poet who had died the previous year, however there is no definitive proof of this. Later, when the canal route was changed in 1856, the village was a railroad town. The village was incorporated in 1837.

The Erie Canal Lock 52 Complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The New York Central Railroad named a Sleeper car after the town.

Notable people
There are a number of people who can trace their roots back to Port Byron or who settled here for a while. Before he was a leader of the Mormon faith, Brigham Young lived here in the early 1830s. He was a painter and builder. One of the early buildings he lived in still exists on Pine Street. Henry Wells of "Wells and Fargo" fame also lived here in the early 1830s. We can trace Isaac Singer of sewing machine fame here in 1837, when he was better known for his acting than his machinery skills. Sculptor Byron Pickett lived here in the 1840s, and his family is buried in the local cemetery. Clara Barrus trained in Boston to become a doctor. She is better known as the aid and biographer of naturalist John Burroughs. She also wrote a book about her childhood, titled A Life Unveiled, written under the name "A Child of the Drumlins". Actress Kittie Rhoades was raised here, and she kept a summer house nearby. She is buried in the local cemetery. Opera singer Richard Bonelli was born here as Jacob Bunn. Physicist Dr. Francis Eugene Nipher, a professor at Washington University in St. Louis, is well known for his early work on the effect of electrical charges on attractive and repulsive forces. Mel Hall played baseball at Port Byron prior to his MLB career; he was drafted in the 1978 draft by the Cubs. Edward G. Delaney, an aerospace scientist and mechanical engineer who worked on the iconic Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs is a Port Byron High School Hall of Fame member and 1948 graduate. Mark Jindrak also graduated from the high school.

Geography
Port Byron is located at 43.03333°N, -76.63333°W (43.0368, -76.6254). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.61 km2, of which 2.54 sqkm is land and 0.08 sqkm, or 2.91%, is water.

The village is at the junction of Routes 31 and 38. The New York State Thruway passes through the northwest corner of the village but with no direct access. The Owasco Outlet flows northward from Owasco Lake to the Seneca River through the village. It provided substantial water power to the early village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,297 people, 501 households, and 350 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,287.7 PD/sqmi. There were 527 housing units at an average density of 523.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.22% White, 1.54% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 1.23% from other races, and 1.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.16% of the population.

There were 501 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $35,625, and the median income for a family was $37,054. Males had a median income of $30,875 versus $20,404 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,741. About 11.0% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Port Byron, New York


text:
Scipio, New York

Scipio is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,713 at the 2010 census. Scipio is centrally located in the southern half of the county, south of Auburn.

History
Scipio was part of the Central New York Military Tract, which was land reserved as payment by the federal government to veterans of the Revolutionary War. The first settler arrived around 1790, and the town was formed in 1798 when Cayuga County was formed. The town was named after the Roman general Scipio Africanus. In 1823, part of Scipio was used to form the towns of Ledyard, Springport, and Venice. In the early years, it was developed for agriculture.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 101.8 km2, of which 94.7 km2 is land and 7.1 km2, or 7.00%, is water.

The east town line is marked by Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes.

New York State Route 34, New York State Route 34B, and New York State Route 38 are north-south highways in Scipio.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,537 people, 571 households, and 424 families residing in the town. The population density was 41.9 PD/sqmi. There were 702 housing units at an average density of 19.1 per square mile (7.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.59% White, 0.20% African American, 0.85% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population.

There were 571 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $44,491, and the median income for a family was $50,395. Males had a median income of $34,671 versus $22,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,705. About 2.8% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
The Howland Cobblestone Store, also known as the Howland Stone Store Museum, is located in Scipio. The 19th-century store is significant for its cobblestone architecture and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Notable people

 * Sayles Jenks Bowen, Mayor of Washington, DC, from 1868 to 1870. He was a noted civil rights advocate, born in Scipio. Son of Josiah Bowen and Deborah Jenks.
 * Thomas J. Drake, justice of Utah Territorial Supreme Court and third Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, born in Scipio,
 * Henry Farnam, philanthropist and railroad president, born in Scipio
 * James Strang, founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite), a faction of the Latter Day Saint movement, born in Scipio. In addition to serving as president of his church, Strang also served as the self-proclaimed king of a now-defunct ecclesiastical monarchy he established on Beaver Island, Michigan, and also served 1$1/2$ terms in the Michigan House of Representatives prior to his murder in 1856 at the hands of two disgruntled followers. His Ancient and Modern Michilimackinac: Including an Account of the Controversy Between Mackinac and the Mormons (1854) was published by the Smithsonian Institution. Its portions dealing with Beaver Island flora and fauna were considered definitive for nearly a century. Strang left Scipio with his parents at the age of three; they moved west.

Hocus Pocus
The town is the setting of the Kurt Vonnegut novel Hocus Pocus. Many details about the town are fictionalized for the novel.

Communities and locations in Scipio

 * Ashland – A hamlet on Owasco Lake in the southeastern part of Scipio by NY-38.
 * Bolts Corners – A location in the southwestern part of Scipio, east of Sherwood.
 * Botsford Corners – A location near the southern town line, west of Ashland.
 * Casowasco – A hamlet on the shore of Owasco Lake in the southeastern part of Scipio. Operated as a Camp & Retreat Center by the Upper New York Conference of the United Methodist Church
 * Covey Corners – A location near the southern town line, west of Ashland.
 * Edgewater – A hamlet on Owasco Lake in the southeastern part of Scipio.
 * Elmwood – A hamlet on Owasco Lake and NY-38 in the northeastern part of Scipio.
 * Kings Corners – A location near the western town line on NY-34B.
 * Merrifield – A hamlet between Scipio Center and Scipioville.
 * Number One – A location near the western town line on NY-34B, north of Kings Corners.
 * Owasco Lake Station – A hamlet at the northeastern corner of Scipio on Owasco Lake.
 * Scipio Center – A hamlet located on NY-34 near the town center.
 * Scipioville – A hamlet located on NY-34B, west of Scipio Center.
 * Sherwood – A hamlet on NY-34B near the southern town line, south of Scipioville.

title: Scipio, New York


text:
Sempronius, New York

Sempronius is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 895 at the 2010 census. The town was named after a Roman military and political leader by Robert Harpur, a clerk interested in the classics. Sempronius is in the southeastern part of the county, southeast of Auburn.

History
Sempronius was part of the Central New York Military Tract. The first settler arrived circa 1793. Sempronius became a town in 1799 by breaking away from Scipio, but its area was later reduced by the formation of newer towns: Marcellus (Onondaga County) in 1804, Moravia and Niles in 1833.

Sempronius was the birthplace of the 12th Governor of Illinois (1860-1861) John Wood on December 20, 1798.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Sempronius has a total area of 77.0 km2, of which 76.0 km2 is land and 1.0 km2, or 1.28%, is water. The northern part of the eastern town line borders the southern end of Skaneateles Lake and Onondaga County; the rest of the eastern town line borders Cortland County.

New York State Route 41A is a north-south highway in the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 893 people, 311 households, and 238 families residing in the town. The population density was 30.4 PD/sqmi. There were 405 housing units at an average density of 13.8 per square mile (5.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.42% White, 0.56% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78% of the population.

There were 311 households, out of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,611, and the median income for a family was $39,813. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $22,438 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,365. About 6.3% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Sempronius

 * Dresserville – A hamlet in the southern part of the town at the influx of Mill Creek into Dresserville Creek. The village is named after Artemas Dresser, the first permanent settler and a subsequent owner of mills.
 * Dresserville Creek – A stream flowing out the western side of the town past Morse Hill. The stream flows to Owasco Inlet in Moravia.
 * Fall Creek – A stream flowing southward near the eastern town line. It flows southwest to the southern end of Cayuga Lake in Ithaca.
 * Glen Haven – A hamlet on the southwestern shore of Skaneateles Lake. It was the location of "water cure" resorts in the 19th century.
 * Hardy Corners – A location on NY Route 41A in the central part of the town.
 * Mill Brook – A stream flowing past Sempronius village. It is the primary tributary of Dresserville Creek.
 * Morse Hill – A hamlet in the western part of the town, west of Sempronius village.
 * Murphy Corners – A location north of Sempronius village.
 * Sayles Corners – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Sempronius – The hamlet of Sempronius on NY-41A.
 * Wards Corners – A location between Sempronius village and Dresserville.

title: Sempronius, New York


text:
Sennett, New York

Sennett is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 3,595 at the 2010 census. The town is named after a public official and early settler, Daniel Sennett. The town is on the eastern county line of Cayuga County and borders Auburn.

History
The land that now makes up the town of Sennett was part of the Central New York Military Tract, land reserved for war veterans. Prominent resident Daniel Sennett, a circuit judge, settled in the area in 1795.

Sennett was formed from the towns of Brutus and Aurelius on March 19, 1827. In 1859, a portion of the town land was re-allocated to contribute territory to the town of Throop. Sennett also contributed some of its southwestern territory to the city of Auburn.

The Sennett Federated Church and Parsonage, built in 1848, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 74.7 km2, of which 0.06 km2, or 0.08%, is water.

The east town line is the border of Onondaga County. Sennett is in the Finger Lakes region, being near the north end of Owasco Lake and Skaneateles Lake.

New York State Route 5 is a northeast-southwest highway, and New York State Route 34 is a north-south highway which traverse the town and converge with U.S. Route 20 in the adjacent city of Auburn.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,244 people, 1,085 households, and 864 families residing in the town. The population density was 112.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,117 housing units at an average density of 38.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.02% White, 2.37% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.86% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.03% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.

There were 1,085 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.1.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $50,282, and the median income for a family was $57,009. Males had a median income of $37,663 versus $24,479 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,593. 4.9% of the population and 3.7% of families were below the poverty line. 6% of those under the age of 18 and 4.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Communities and locations in Sennett

 * McMasters Corners – A location on NY-34, west of Sennett village.
 * Sennett ( once "Fellows Corners") – The hamlet of Sennett is located on NY-5, northeast of Auburn.
 * Wicks Corners – A hamlet by the eastern town line, east of Auburn.
 * Sennett Federated Church - A central landmark built in 1829 in the hamlet of Sennett that remains in use, located north of NY-5 at the corner of Turnpike Rd and Weedsport-Sennett Rd Listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Sennett Federated Church and Parsonage.

Notable people

 * Brandon Williams, businessman and politician
 * Charles Clinton Adams, businessman and politician
 * Chester Gillette, murderer (buried here)
 * John Hulbert, executioner (buried here)

title: Sennett, New York


text:
Battle of Lützen (1813)

In the Battle of Lützen (German: Schlacht von Großgörschen, 2 May 1813), Napoleon I of France defeated an allied army of the Sixth Coalition.

The Russian commander, Prince Peter Wittgenstein, attempting to forestall Napoleon's capture of Leipzig, attacked the French right wing near Lützen, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, surprising Napoleon. Recovering quickly, Napoleon ordered a double envelopment of the allies. After a day of heavy fighting, the imminent encirclement of his army prompted Wittgenstein to retreat. Due to a shortage of cavalry, the French did not pursue.

The two armies would clash again in the Battle of Bautzen three weeks later.

Prelude
Following the disaster of French invasion of Russia in 1812, a new coalition consisting of Britain, Sweden, Prussia and Russia formed against France. In response to this, Napoleon hastily assembled an army of just over 200,000 which included inexperienced recruits, troops from Spain and garrison battalions but was severely short of horses (a consequence of the Russian invasion, where most of his veteran troops and horses had perished). He crossed the Rhine into Germany to link up with remnants of his old Grande Armée under the command of Prince Eugène de Beauharnais, and to quickly defeat this new alliance before it became too strong.

On the 30 April, Napoleon crossed the river Saale, advancing on Leipzig from the west and southwest in three columns led by the V Corps under General Jacques Lauriston. His intention was to work his way into the Coalition's interior lines, dividing their forces and defeating them in detail before they could combine. But due to the lack of cavalrymen and faulty reconnaissance, he was unaware of the Russo-Prussian army under Wittgenstein and Graf (Count) von Blücher concentrating on his right flank to the southeast. Prussian scouts reported that the French army was stretched between Naumberg and Leipzig. Wittgenstein's plan was to attack towards Lützen and split Napoleon's forces in two. He was hoping to inflict serious casualties on Napoleon and score a victory that could possibly be used to bring Austria into the Coalition. On the eve of the battle, one of Napoleon's marshals, Jean-Baptiste Bessières, was killed by a stray cannonball while reconnoitering near Rippach.

Marshal Ney's III Corps was to hold the right flank around Lützen in support of the forces marching towards Leipzig and was caught by surprise. The III Corps consisted of five infantry divisions and a cavalry brigade. Three of these divisions were situated around Lützen, one division in the four villages to the southeast (Kaja, Kleingörschen, Großgörschen and Rahna) and one division a mile to the west of these in Starsiedel. The French VI Corps under Marshal Marmont was at Rippach to the west, Bertrand's IV Corps was south of Weissenfels (Weißenfels) where the Imperial Guard was also located. Macdonald's XI Corps and the I Cavalry Corps were situated to the north of Lützen.

Battle
The Prussian attack started off late with Blücher leading with his corps about 11:30am. As they approached Großgörschen, he was only expecting a couple thousand French instead of the full division that he found. Blücher paused the attack, called up his artillery and started an artillery bombardment at about noon. Marmont to the west heard the sound of the cannon and moved his corps towards Starsiedel. After a 40 minute bombardment, Blücher sent in one brigade that drove the French out of Großgörschen then followed up with another brigade and cavalry that captured Kleingörschen and Rahna. Ney put himself at the head of one of his divisions moving south from Lützen and counterattacked, retaking Kleingörschen and Rahna. Blücher committed his last brigade about 2:00pm, which forced the French out of Kleingörschen and then advanced to Kaja. Blücher was wounded, leaving the Prussian forces to the command of General von Yorck.

Napoleon was visiting the 1632 battlefield, playing tour guide with his staff by pointing to the sites and describing the events of 1632, in detail from memory, when he heard the sound of cannon. He immediately cut the tour short and rode off towards the direction of the artillery fire. Arriving on the scene about 2:00pm, he quickly sized up the situation and sent orders to concentrate his forces. He sent Ney a steady stream of reinforcements which would take up positions in and around the villages south of Lützen. Yorck committed the recently arrived Prussian reserves about 4:00pm. Wittgenstein and Yorck continued to press Ney in the center; control of the villages switched hands multiple times as troops were committed from both sides. The King of Prussia personally led a charge of the Prussian Guard that took the village of Rahna. By 5:30pm, the Coalition held all of the villages except for Kaja, which was still contested. Once Bertrand's IV Corps approached the battlefield from his right and Macdonald's XI Corps from his left, Napoleon no longer needed to worry about his flanks.

Once the Coalition's advance had been halted, with perfect timing, Napoleon struck back. While he had been reinforcing Ney, he had also reinforced the guns of the III Corps and VI Corps located between Starsiedel and Rahna with the Guard's cannons. General Drouot concentrated these into a great mass of artillery of about 100 guns (Grande Batterie) that unleashed a devastating barrage on Wittgenstein's center. Napoleon had collected his Imperial Guard behind these guns and sent them in a counter assault led by Marshal Mortier into the allied center at about 6:00pm, which cleared the Coalition forces from the villages. A Prussian cavalry attack, and encroaching darkness, slowed the French offensive, allowing the main Coalition army to retreat in good order to regroup south of the villages. The lack of French cavalry prevented pursuit.

Napoleon lost 19,655 men, including 2,757 killed and 16,898 wounded, including one of his marshals, while the Prussians lost at least 8,500 men killed or wounded and the Russians lost 3,500 men killed, wounded or missing, although casualties may have been much higher. By nightfall, the Tsar and Wittgenstein were hardly convinced that they had lost the battle. They retreated, however, after hearing that Leipzig had fallen, leaving Napoleon in control of Lützen and the field.

Aftermath
Napoleon demonstrated his usual prowess in driving back the Russo-Prussian force at Lützen, but the costliness of his victory had a major impact on the war. Lützen was followed by the Battle of Bautzen eighteen days later, where Napoleon was again victorious but with the loss of another 22,000 men, twice as many as the Russo-Prussian army. The ferocity of these two battles prompted Napoleon to accept a temporary armistice on June 4 with Tsar Alexander and King Frederick William III. This agreement provided the allies the respite to organise and re-equip their armies and, perhaps more importantly, encouraged Britain to provide Russia and Prussia with war subsidies totalling seven million pounds. The financial security offered by this agreement was a major boon to the war effort against Napoleon. Another important result of the battle was that it encouraged Austria to join the allied Coalition upon the armistice's expiration, shifting the balance of power dramatically in the Coalition's favor. Due to these developments, Napoleon later regarded the June 4 truce, bought at Lützen and Bautzen, as the undoing of his power in Germany.

During the battle of Lützen, Gerhard von Scharnhorst, one of the brightest and most able Prussian generals, was wounded while serving as Wittgenstein's Chief of Staff. Although his wound was minor, the hasty retreat prevented proper treatment, allowing a fatal infection to set in.

title: Battle of Lützen (1813)


text:
Springport, New York

Springport is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from the local springs and lakeports. Springport is on the western border of the county and is southwest of Auburn.

History
The town lies in the former territory of the Cayuga tribe. A mission to the tribe by the Jesuits was established in 1688. The Sullivan Expedition destroyed the Cayuga villages in 1779.

The town was excluded from the Central New York Military Tract and set apart as a reservation for the Cayugas who returned after the American Revolution. In 1789, they gave up this land to New York, thus opening it to settlers. The first settlers were occasionally asked to leave due to disputes with the tribal members, but eventually the population of outsiders grew. By 1799, most of the Cayuga, including a few Tuscarora, had sold out and departed the area.

The town of Springport was formed in 1823 from parts of the towns of Scipio and Aurelius. The presence of mineral springs and gypsum proved important in the early economy of Springport.

The village of Union Springs was incorporated in 1848.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Springport has a total area of 69.5 km2, of which 55.4 km2 is land and 14.1 km2, or 20.24%, is water.

Cayuga Lake defines the western town line, the border of Seneca County. Great Gully Creek flows into the lake south of Farleys, forming the southern town boundary.

New York State Route 90 runs north-south along Cayuga Lake and intersects New York State Route 326 north of Union Springs.

One of the few Finger Lakes islands, Frontenac Island, is located near Union Springs.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,256 people, 865 households, and 629 families residing in the town. The population density was 104.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,157 housing units at an average density of 53.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.87% White, 0.75% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.

There were 865 households, out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $44,792, and the median income for a family was $51,842. Males had a median income of $32,266 versus $26,051 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,370. About 6.3% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Springport

 * Cayuga Junction – A hamlet north of Union Springs by Cayuga Lake.
 * Crossroads – A hamlet north of Union Springs.
 * Farleys – A hamlet south of Union Springs by Cayuga Lake.
 * Farley Point – A projection into Cayuga Lake by Farleys.
 * Frontenac Island – A small island in Cayuga Lake near Union Springs. The island was of great ceremonial importance to the Cayuga. It is now part of the Union Springs village.
 * Gwau-gwah A former principal Cayuga village once located north of Union Springs.
 * Howland Point – A projection into Cayuga Lake north of Union Springs.
 * Oakwood – A hamlet in the northeastern part of Springport on NY-326.
 * Powers Corner – A hamlet northeast of Union Springs on NY-326.
 * Union Springs – The village of Union Springs is located near the center of the town, on NY-90 and the shore of Cayuga Lake.

title: Springport, New York


text:
Sterling, New York

Sterling is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 3,040 at the 2010 census. Located on the shore of Lake Ontario, the town is named after William Alexander, Lord Stirling, an American general of the Revolutionary War. Sterling is the most northerly town in the county and lies northwest of Syracuse.

History
The region was formerly part of the territory of the Onondaga, one of the original Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. However, as allies of the British, who were defeated, they were forced to cede most of their lands in New York to the state after the Revolutionary War. This land was made part of the Central New York Military Tract, which was divided and granted as pay to veteran soldiers of the Revolution.

The first European-American settler, Pierre Dumas (also recorded as Peter DeMass), arrived in 1805. The Town of Sterling was formed in 1812 from the Town of Cato.

Improvements made to Little Sodus Bay of Lake Ontario in the early 19th century enabled the town to have port facilities and take part in the Great Lakes trade. Since commercial use of the port declined in the late 19th century with changes in transportation and development of western cities, the town has developed as a destination for vacations and recreation. The Sterling Renaissance Festival, held annually during the summer for over forty years, also attracts tourists to the town.

The Sterling District No. 5 Schoolhouse and Sterling Grist Mill Complex were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 122.0 km2, of which 117.7 km2 is land and 4.3 km2, or 3.53%, is water.

The north boundary of Sterling is Lake Ontario, one of the Great Lakes. Sterling is the only town in Cayuga County with access to the Great Lakes.

The western terminus of New York State Route 3 and northern terminus of New York State Route 38 are in the town. New York State Route 104 passes across the southern part of Sterling, and New York State Route 104A passes across the north.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,432 people, 1,337 households, and 962 families residing in the town. The population density was 75.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,922 housing units at an average density of 42.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.46% White, 0.09% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population.

There were 1,337 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,061, and the median income for a family was $38,125. Males had a median income of $34,205 versus $24,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,912. About 7.4% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.6% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Sterling

 * Crocketts (formerly "Sterling Valley Station") – A hamlet near the eastern town line, at the intersection of Route 104A and Route 3.
 * Fair Haven – A village in the northern part of the town.
 * Fair Haven Beach State Park – A state park north of Fair Haven.
 * Fintches Corners – A hamlet centrally located in the town, on NY Route 38.
 * Little Sodus Bay – A bay of Lake Ontario north of Fair Haven. The bay is so named to distinguish it from Sodus Bay to the west.
 * Martville – A location near the eastern town line on NY State Route 104.
 * McKnight Corners – A location northeast of North Fair Haven.
 * Moon Beach – A lakeside hamlet on Lake Ontario in the northeastern section of the town.
 * Nine Mile Creek – A stream entering Lake Ontario in the northeastern part of the town.
 * North Fair Haven – A location in the northeastern part of the village of Fair Haven on the east side of Little Sodus Bay.
 * North Sterling – A hamlet northeast of Fair Haven on NY-104A.
 * North Victory – A hamlet near the southern town line at the intersection of Route 104 and Route 38.
 * The Pond – A small lake separated from Lake Ontario by a narrow ridge, located in Fair Haven State Park.
 * Sterling – A hamlet east of Fair Haven and on NY-38. Also known as "Sterling Center".
 * Sterling Creek – A stream flowing into The Pond.
 * Sterling Valley – A hamlet northeast of Fair Haven village, located on Route NY-104A north of its intersection with Route 3.
 * West Nine Mile Point – A projection into Lake Ontario, northeast of Fair Haven.
 * Whiting Corners – A location in the southwestern part of the town.

title: Sterling, New York


text:
Summerhill, New York

Summerhill is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,217 at the 2010 census. The town name is that of a location in Ireland. Summerhill is in the southeastern corner of the county and is northeast of Ithaca.

History
Prior to the American Revolution, this area was part of the territory of the Onondaga people. Afterwards, Summerhill was part of the Central New York Military Tract, land reserved for veterans. The first settler arrived circa 1797.

The town was founded as the town of Plato in 1831 from the town of Locke, but the name was changed to "Summerhill" in 1832 to avoid conflict with the name of another location.

Much of the town was re-forested by the CCC in the 1930s.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 67.3 km2, of which 67.0 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.47%, is water.

The southern town line is the border of Tompkins County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Cortland County.

New York State Route 90 is an east-west highway in south of Summerhill. New York State Route 41A crosses the northeastern part of the town.

Adjacent towns and areas
The town of Sempronius is to the north, and the town of Locke is to the west. The town of Groton in Tompkins County is on the south, and the town of Homer in Cortland County is on the east.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,098 people, 393 households, and 304 families residing in the town. The population density was 42.4 PD/sqmi. There were 463 housing units at an average density of 17.9 per square mile (6.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.27% White, 0.18% African American, 0.18% Native American, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 393 households, out of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,000, and the median income for a family was $39,500. Males had a median income of $26,336 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,609. About 6.9% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.8% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Millard Fillmore (1800–1874), 13th President of the United States, 12th Vice President of the United States and last member of the Whig Party to be president
 * William H. Peters, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 * Elbridge G. Spaulding, congressman, mayor of Buffalo, New York, and treasurer of New York

Communities and locations in Summerhill

 * Como – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town on NY Route 41A.
 * Empire Haven Nudist Park – Host of the Northeast Naturist Festival.
 * Fall Creek – A stream flowing southward in the eastern part of Summerhill. The creek joins Cayuga Lake in Ithaca.
 * Fillmore Glen State Park – The state park in the northwest of the town (and in the town of Locke) contains a replica of Millard Fillmore's birthplace.
 * Four Town Corners – A location in the northwestern corner of the town.
 * Halls Corners – A hamlet on the eastern side of the town on NY Route 90, east of Summer Hill.
 * Lake Como (formerly "Locke Pond") – A small lake west of the community of Como.
 * Summer Hill – The hamlet of Summer Hill is in the southern part of the town on NY-90.

title: Summerhill, New York


text:
Throop, New York

Throop is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The town is at the northern city line of Auburn and is in the Finger Lakes region of New York. The population was 1,990 at the 2010 census. The town is named after former New York Governor Enos T. Throop, a resident of Cayuga County.

History
The area was used for hunting by the Cayuga people. Throop was within the Central New York Military Tract, reserved for war veterans. Settlement began circa 1790.

The town of Throop was formed in 1859 from parts of the towns of Aurelius, Mentz and Sennett. The town is best known for the wide variety of colorful houses found throughout its various neighborhoods. These colors can range anywhere from a muted taupe to a bronzed eggshell.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 48.4 km2, of which 48.1 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.59%, is water.

New York State Route 38 is a north–south highway in Throop.

The Owasco Outlet is a small river flowing northward through Throop from Owasco Lake towards the Seneca River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,824 people, 700 households, and 539 families residing in the town. The population density was 97.8 PD/sqmi. There were 731 housing units at an average density of 39.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.85% White, 0.27% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

There were 700 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.3% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,065, and the median income for a family was $51,346. Males had a median income of $37,432 versus $24,758 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,799. About 1.3% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Throop

 * Cold Spring – A hamlet at the northern edge of Auburn on NY-38.
 * Polk Corners – A location west of Throopsville.
 * Sawyers Corner – A hamlet north of Auburn on NY-38.
 * Throop – The hamlet of Throop is east of Sawyers Corner by the eastern town line.
 * Throopsville – A hamlet west of Sawyers Corners by the Owasco Outlet. The community was first settled in 1799.

title: Throop, New York