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C-4 (explosive)

C-4 or Composition C-4 is a common variety of the plastic explosive family known as Composition C, which uses RDX as its explosive agent. C-4 is composed of explosives, plastic binder, plasticizer to make it malleable, and usually a marker or odorizing taggant chemical. C-4 has a texture similar to modelling clay and can be molded into any desired shape. C-4 is relatively insensitive and can be detonated only by the shock wave from a detonator or blasting cap.

A similar British plastic explosive, also based on RDX but with a plasticizer different from that used in Composition C-4, is known as PE-4 (Plastic Explosive No. 4).

Development
C-4 is a member of the Composition C family of chemical explosives. Variants have different proportions and plasticisers and include compositions C-2, C-3, and C-4. The original RDX-based material was developed by the British during World War II and redeveloped as Composition C when introduced to the U.S. military. It was replaced by Composition C-2 around 1943 and later redeveloped around 1944 as Composition C-3. The toxicity of C-3 was reduced, the concentration of RDX was increased, giving it improved safety during usage and storage. Research on a replacement for C-3 was begun prior to 1950, but the new material, C-4, did not begin pilot production until 1956. C-4 was submitted for patent as "Solid Propellant and a Process for its Preparation" March 31, 1958, by the Phillips Petroleum Company.

Composition
The Composition C-4 used by the United States Armed Forces contains 91% RDX ("Research Department Explosive", an explosive nitroamine), bound by a mixture of 5.3% dioctyl sebacate (DOS) or dioctyl adipate (DOA) as the plasticizer (to increase the plasticity of the explosive), thickened with 2.1% polyisobutylene (PIB, a synthetic rubber) as the binder, and 1.6% of a mineral oil often called "process oil". Instead of "process oil", low-viscosity motor oil is used in the manufacture of C-4 for civilian use.

The British PE4 consists of 88.0% RDX, 1.0% pentaerythrite dioleate and 11.0% DG-29 lithium grease (corresp. to 2.2% lithium stearate and 8.8% mineral oil BP) as the binder; a taggant (2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane, DMDNB) is added at a minimum of 0.10% weight of the plastic explosive, typically at 1.0% mass. The newer PE7 consists of 88.0% RDX, 1.0% DMDNB taggant and 11.0% of a binder composed of low molecular mass hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, along with an antioxidant and an agent preventing hardening of the binder upon prolonged storage. The PE8 consists of 86.5% RDX, 1.0% DMDNB taggant and 12.5% of a binder composed of di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate thickened with high molecular mass polyisobutylene.

Technical data according to the Department of the Army for the Composition C-4 follows.

Manufacture
C-4 is manufactured by combining the above ingredients with binders dissolved in a solvent. Once the ingredients have been mixed, the solvent is extracted through drying and filtering. The final material is a solid with a dirty white to light brown color, a putty-like texture similar to modeling clay, and a distinct smell of motor oil. Depending on its intended usage and on the manufacturer, there are differences in the composition of C-4. For example, a 1990 U.S. Army technical manual stipulated that Class IV composition C-4 consists of 89.9±1% RDX, 10±1% polyisobutylene, and 0.2±0.02% dye that is itself made up of 90% lead chromate and 10% lamp black. RDX classes A, B, E, and H are all suitable for use in C-4. Classes are measured by granulation.

The manufacturing process for Composition C-4 specifies that wet RDX and plastic binder are added in a stainless steel mixing kettle. This is called the aqueous slurry-coating process. The kettle is tumbled to obtain a homogeneous mixture. This mixture is wet and must be dried after transfer to drying trays. Drying with forced air for 16 hours at 50 °C to 60 °C is recommended to eliminate excess moisture.

C-4 produced for use by the U.S. military, commercial C-4 (also produced in the United States), and PE-4 from the United Kingdom each have their own unique properties and are not identical. The analytical techniques of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been demonstrated to discriminate finite differences in different C-4 sources. Chemical, morphological structural differences, and variation in atomic concentrations are detectable and definable.

Detonation

C-4 is very stable and insensitive to most physical shocks. C-4 cannot be detonated by a gunshot or by dropping it onto a hard surface. It does not explode when set on fire or exposed to microwaves. Detonation can be initiated only by a shockwave, such as when a detonator inserted into it is fired. When detonated, C-4 rapidly decomposes to release nitrogen, water and carbon oxides as well as other gases. The detonation proceeds at an explosive velocity of 8092 m/s.

A major advantage of C-4 is that it can easily be molded into any desired shape to change the direction of the resulting explosion. C-4 has high cutting ability. For example, the complete severing of a 36 cm deep I-beam takes between 680 and 910 g of C-4 when properly applied in thin sheets.

Form
Military grade C-4 is commonly packaged as the M112 demolition block. The demolition charge M112 is a rectangular block of Composition C-4 about 2 x and 11 in long, weighing 1.25 lb. The M112 is wrapped in a sometimes olive color Mylar-film container with a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape on one surface.

The M112 demolition blocks of C-4 are commonly manufactured into the M183 "demolition charge assembly", which consists of 16 M112 block demolition charges and four priming assemblies packaged inside military Carrying Case M85. The M183 is used to breach obstacles or demolish large structures where larger satchel charges are required. Each priming assembly includes a 5 or length of detonating cord assembled with detonating cord clips and capped at each end with a booster. When the charge is detonated, the explosive is converted into compressed gas. The gas exerts pressure in the form of a shock wave, which demolishes the target by cutting, breaching, or cratering.

Other forms include the mine-clearing line charge and M18A1 Claymore Mine.

Safety
Composition C-4 exists in the U.S. Army Hazardous Components Safety Data Sheet on sheet number 00077. Impact tests done by the U.S. military indicate composition C-4 is less sensitive than composition C-3 and is fairly insensitive. The insensitivity is attributed to using a large amount of binder in its composition. A series of shots were fired at vials containing C-4 in a test referred to as "the rifle bullet test". Only 20% of the vials burned, and none exploded. While C-4 passed the Army's bullet impact and fragment impact tests at ambient temperature, it failed the shock stimulus, sympathetic detonation and shaped charge jet tests. Additional tests were done including the "pendulum friction test", which measured a five-second explosion temperature of 263 °C to 290 °C. The minimum initiating charge required is 0.2 grams of lead azide or 0.1 grams of tetryl. The results of 100 °C heat test are: 0.13% loss in the first 48 hours, no loss in the second 48 hours, and no explosions in 100 hours. The vacuum stability test at 100 °C yields 0.2 cubic centimeters of gas in 40 hours. Composition C-4 is essentially nonhygroscopic.

The shock sensitivity of C-4 is related to the size of the nitramine particles. The finer they are the better they help to absorb and suppress shock. Using 3-nitrotriazol-5-one (NTO), or 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) (available in two particle sizes (5 μm, 40 μm)), as a substitute for RDX, is also able to improve stability to thermal, shock, and impact/friction stimulus; however, TATB is not cost-effective, and NTO is more difficult to use in the manufacturing process.

Toxicity
C-4 has toxic effects on humans when ingested. Within a few hours multiple generalized seizures, vomiting, and changes in mental activity occur. A strong link to central nervous dysfunction is observed. If ingested, patients may be administered a dose of active charcoal to adsorb some of the toxins, and haloperidol intramuscularly and diazepam intravenously to help the patient control seizures until it has passed. However, ingesting small amounts of C-4 is not known to cause any long-term impairment.

Investigation
If C-4 is marked with a taggant, such as DMNB, it can be detected with an explosive vapor detector before it has been detonated. A variety of methods for explosive residue analysis may be used to identify C-4. These include optical microscope examination and scanning electron microscopy for unreacted explosive, chemical spot tests, thin-layer chromatography, X-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy for products of the explosive chemical reaction. Small particles of C-4 may be easily identified by mixing with thymol crystals and a few drops of sulfuric acid. The mixture will become rose colored upon addition of a small quantity of ethyl alcohol.

RDX has a high birefringence, and the other components commonly found in C-4 are generally isotropic; this makes it possible for forensic science teams to detect trace residue on fingertips of individuals who may have recently been in contact with the compound. However, positive results are highly variable and the mass of RDX can range between 1.7 and 130 ng, each analysis must be individually handled using magnifying equipment. The cross polarized light images obtained from microscopic analysis of the fingerprint are analyzed with gray-scale thresholding to improve contrast for the particles. The contrast is then inverted in order to show dark RDX particles against a light background. Relative numbers and positions of RDX particles have been measured from a series of 50 fingerprints left after a single contact impression.

Military and commercial C-4 are blended with different oils. It is possible to distinguish these sources by analyzing this oil by high-temperature gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The oil and plasticizer must be separated from the C-4 sample, typically by using a non-polar organic solvent such as pentane followed by solid phase extraction of the plasticizer on silica. This method of analysis is limited by manufacturing variation and methods of distribution.

Vietnam War
U.S. soldiers during the Vietnam War era would sometimes use small amounts of C-4 as a fuel for heating rations, as it will burn unless detonated with a primary explosive. However, burning C-4 produces poisonous fumes, and soldiers are warned of the dangers of personal injury when using the plastic explosive.

Among field troops in Vietnam it became common knowledge that ingestion of a small amount of C-4 would produce a "high" similar to that of ethanol. Others would ingest C-4, commonly obtained from a Claymore mine, to induce temporary illness in the hope of being sent on sick leave.

Use in terrorism
Terrorist groups have used C-4 worldwide in acts of terrorism and insurgency, as well as domestic terrorism and state terrorism.

On May 13, 1985, the Philadelphia Police Department dropped a C-4 bomb on the home of the MOVE organization, killing eleven people — including five children — and wiping out 61 homes in two city blocks.

Composition C-4 is recommended in al-Qaeda's traditional curriculum of explosives training. In October 2000, the group used C-4 to attack the USS Cole, killing 17 sailors. In 1996, Saudi Hezbollah terrorists used C-4 to blow up the Khobar Towers, a U.S. military housing complex in Saudi Arabia. Composition C-4 has also been used in improvised explosive devices by Iraqi insurgents.

title: C-4 (explosive)


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Talk:Floyd County, Texas

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Talk:Foard County, Texas

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Talk:Fort Bend County, Texas

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Highway maps
Here are some county highway maps that feature Fort Bend County: WhisperToMe (talk) 12:31, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/countymapbook2006/Pages/541.pdf
 * http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/countymapbook2006/Pages/542.pdf
 * http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/countymapbook2006/Pages/543.pdf
 * http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/countymapbook2006/Pages/562.pdf
 * http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/countymapbook2006/Pages/563.pdf
 * http://www.dot.state.tx.us/travel/countymapbook2006/Pages/564.pdf

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Talk:Franklin County, Texas

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Solar Fight
This Texas county has been at the center of a solar controversy which was recently ruled upon by the Texas AG. As noted in the Texas Tribune link, it is significant in that approximately 1/3 of the county will be altered and the economy will shift over night from agriculture to energy. It is also shaping interpretation on Texas law. Question: Do we summarize in Politics, Economics, OR add a Controversy section? https://www.texastribune.org/2023/08/16/texas-solar-farm-ban-counties-attorney-general/ @Magnolia677 You have quite a bit of experience in county pages. Thoughts? dericksc (talk) 13:16, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Sure. Seems notable to mention. Magnolia677 (talk) 15:32, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

Economy
The economy section of this page is very narrowly focused on a study by the Franklin County Economic Corporation. I'll list the completeness and other challenges with this. First, the link points to the City of Mount Vernon's website. This is not the county website. Second, the link is a "search string" and does not produce the study. Third Franklin County Economic Development Corporation is a non-profit not associated with the county and their data appears to support an agenda. Their website is  https://www.mtvernonedc.org/.

The second area of concern is the focus on Lake Cypress Springs. The county also encompasses a large section of Lake Bob Sandlin. This should be added and the promotional "D Magazine Best Lakes" should be considered for removal.

Franklin County is an agriculture based economy. This data is provided by the USDA https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Online_Resources/County_Profiles/Texas/cp48159.pdf core data should be added.

Enel Energy will be converting 2% of the farmland in the county to solar which will change the economy. The base fact of the USDA's note of 9% shrinkage of farmland and this additional 2% should be noted. https://www.enelgreenpower.com/our-projects/in-development/stockyard-solar-storage-project

Last, once the economy section is updated, there was government activity in the form of tax abatements targeting economic growth. These include the Inflation Reduction Act (Fed), Franklin County's study on solar (county judge drove) and proposed tax abatements, the commissioner's court's moratorium on solar, Enel's demand letter and threat of suit, the commissioner's court withdrawal of the moratorium, and the county attorney's inquiry to the Texas AG's, their statewide opinion on the topic and the Mt. Vernon ISD's application with the state for tax abatements and abrupt withdrawal.

I'll be working on this in the ordered presented over the coming weeks. If an editor or other contributor would like to join in, please expand this Talk.

dericksc (talk) 14:08, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Franklin County, Texas


text:
Talk:List of famous newspapers

Encouraged by comments from Camembert and Jeronimo... ...I thought I'd start another list
 * look at all the fun you can have
 * what's the Washington Post got to do with all this?

title: Talk:List of famous newspapers


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Talk:Freestone County, Texas

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title: Talk:Freestone County, Texas


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Talk:Frio County, Texas

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title: Talk:Frio County, Texas


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Talk:Gaines County, Texas

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title: Talk:Gaines County, Texas


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Talk:Galveston County, Texas

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Translation into Chinese Wikipedia
The 16:23, 3 January 2011 Rlbarton version of this article is translated into Chinese Wikipedia to expand a stub.--Wing (talk) 16:22, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

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Legal
León gto. 10399 2806:264:5483:95DF:858:8AEF:C920:17A9 (talk) 18:17, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Lega10399
Mx El ong atado 177.228.35.186 (talk) 00:37, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Galveston County, Texas


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Talk:Garza County, Texas

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title: Talk:Garza County, Texas


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Talk:Gillespie County, Texas

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title: Talk:Gillespie County, Texas


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Talk:Glasscock County, Texas

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2004 Presidential Election
The figure for percentages of votes given in the 2004 election in the article (as of 16/05/09) is 93.1% to Bush (source NaCo.org). However Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections at gives a figure of 91.56% to Bush - which is pipped at 91.97% by Ochiltree County in the Texas Panhandle (same source). What to do when sources conflict? I'll see if I can find any others... Plutonium27 (talk) 23:32, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Glasscock County, Texas


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Talk:Goliad County, Texas

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title: Talk:Goliad County, Texas


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Elbe–Lübeck Canal

The Elbe–Lübeck Canal (also known as the Elbe–Trave Canal) is an artificial waterway in eastern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It connects the rivers Elbe and Trave, creating an inland water route across the drainage divide from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. The canal includes seven locks and runs for a length of 64 km between the cities of Lübeck in the north and Lauenburg in the south by way of the Mölln lakes. The modern canal was built in the 1890s to replace the Stecknitz Canal, a medieval watercourse linking the same two rivers.

Preceding canal
The older Stecknitz Canal had first connected Lauenburg and Lübeck on the Old Salt Route by linking the tiny rivers Stecknitz (a tributary of the Trave) and Delvenau (a tributary of the Elbe). Built between 1391 and 1398, the Stecknitz Canal was the first European summit-level canal and one of the earliest artificial waterways in Europe.

History
After German unification in the late nineteenth century, there was a burst of canal-building within the new German Empire. The Stecknitz Canal had been in service for centuries, but newer vessels demanded deeper and wider canals, and modern engineering offered the possibility of rebuilding and enlarging the venerable waterway. In 1893 the German government closed the Stecknitz Canal to barge traffic, and in 1895 construction began on a widened and straightened waterway which includes some of the old canal's watercourse. The new Elbe–Lübeck Canal was inaugurated by German Emperor Wilhelm II and opened to shipping traffic in 1900. Today it continues to carry substantial freight traffic, as well as offering a scenic route for pleasure craft.

Technology
The canal passes through two locks ascending from the Elbe to the canal's highest point and five locks descending from the high point to the Trave. Each lock was built with an interior length of 80 m and an interior width of 12 m.

title: Elbe–Lübeck Canal


text:
Talk:Gonzales County, Texas

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title: Talk:Gonzales County, Texas


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Talk:Gray County, Texas

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Rest area
There is a big, expensive rest area in this county. Looks like a bunker. Has an aermotor windmill inside, real or replica? It's motorized to spin slowly but the pumping works doesn't move. The interacive video display isn't working and the directions say to use the trackball to move the "curser". How many $$$ spent and someone failed on proofreading?! Probably other typos, I din't spend the time to read everything. Bizzybody (talk) 20:33, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

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Talk:Grayson County, Texas

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Grayson county
Grayson county 174.242.192.20 (talk) 00:52, 13 May 2022 (UTC)

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Talk:Gregg County, Texas

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Talk:Grimes County, Texas

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Talk:Guadalupe County, Texas

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Talk:Hale County, Texas

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12/10/2007:

As of last month parts of Hale county are no longer dry. There was a referendum in November of 2007 in which citizens voted to allow the sale of alcohol. Needs to be updated.

See Plainview Daily Herald Article

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Judge
This sentence was not explained in the body, was uncited, and seems pejorative and not encyclopedic, 75.111.203.5 (talk) 16:38, 12 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hale County, Texas


text:
Woodland Trust

The Woodland Trust is the largest woodland conservation charity in the United Kingdom and is concerned with the creation, protection, and restoration of native woodland heritage. It has planted over 50 million trees since 1972.

The Woodland Trust has three aims: to protect ancient woodland which is rare, unique and irreplaceable, to promote the restoration of damaged ancient woodland, and to plant native trees and woods to benefit people and wildlife.

The Woodland Trust maintains ownership of over 1,000 sites covering over 24,700 haOf this, 8,070ha (33%) is ancient woodland. It ensures public access to its woods.

History
The charity was founded in Devon, England in 1972 by retired farmer and agricultural machinery dealer Kenneth Watkins.

The Trust's first purchase was part of the Avon Valley Woods, near Kingsbridge, Devon. By 1977 it had 22 woods in six counties. In 1978 it relocated to Grantham in Lincolnshire and announced an expansion of its activities across the UK. In 1984, Balmacaan Wood next to Loch Ness became the Trust's first Scottish acquisition.

From 2005 to 2008 it co-operated with the BBC for their Springwatch programme and the BBC's Breathing Places series of events held at woods. It continues to work with Springwatch and Autumnwatch, most recently in 2015 as part of the Big Spring Watch, which encouraged viewers to record the signs of nature (phenology) through the Trust's Nature's Calendar project.

Sites
, the Woodland Trust had over 80 woods in Scotland, covering 8,500 ha.

In Wales, it acquired the 94 acre Coed Lletywalter in Snowdonia National Park in 1980. In 2016, it had over 100 woods in Wales.

Work started in Northern Ireland in 1996 when the charity received a grant from the Millennium Commission to set up over 50 community woods in a scheme called Woods on Your Doorstep.

Headquarters
Its first employee and director, John James, came from Lincolnshire and was living in Nottingham at the time. It had a small office in Grantham, Lincolnshire. James was chief executive from 1992 to 1997, and then Michael Townsend from 1997 to 2004, Sue Holden from 2004 to 2014 and Beccy Speight from 2014 to 2019. The current chief executive is Darren Moorcroft.

A new eco-friendly headquarters, adjacent to the former offices, was completed in 2010 at a cost of GB£5.1million. The building, designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios as architect and Atelier One as structural engineer, incorporates light shelves to distribute natural daylight around the 200 workstations, and concrete panels to absorb daytime heat, to provide the thermal mass that the lightweight wooden structure would otherwise lack. It is estimated that compared to a concrete framed construction, the timber structure saved the equivalent in carbon production as nine years of the building's operation.

Structure
The Woodland Trust's Head Office is located in Grantham in South Kesteven, south Lincolnshire, with regional offices across the UK. It employs around 300 people at its Grantham headquarters. Its current president is Clive Anderson since 2003. In 2016 Barbara Young, Baroness Young of Old Scone became the charity's Chair.

Funding
The Woodland Trust receives funding from a wide range of sources including membership, legacies, donations and appeals, corporate supporters, grants and charitable trusts including lottery funding, other organisations and landfill tax.

Function
The Woodland Trust uses its experience and authority in conservation to influence others who are in a position to improve the future of native woodland. This includes government, other landowners, and like-minded organisations. It also campaigns to protect and save ancient woodland from destructive development. Its projects also include the Nature Detectives youth programme, a project for schools learning about the seasonal effect on woodlands – phenology – and the Ancient Tree Hunt campaign.

Woodland protection
It looks after more than 1,000 woods and groups of woods covering 190 km2. Nearly 350 of its sites contain ancient woodland of which 70 per cent is semi-natural ancient woodland – land which has been under tree cover since at least 1600. It also manages over 110 Sites of Special Scientific Interest. There are currently over 600 ancient woods under threat across the UK.

Woodland creation
The trust has also created new woodlands: over 32 km2 have been created, including 250 new community woods in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its largest current projects include the 41.7 km2 Glen Finglas Estate in the Trossachs, Scotland and the Heartwood Forest near St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, which will cover approximately 347 ha. It owns 20 sites covering 4.3 km2 in the National Forest and has twelve sites in Community Forests in England.

The Woodland Trust also provides free trees to communities or places of education in order to facilitate the creation of new woodland.

Millennium woods
The Woodland Trust's Woods on Your Doorstep project created 250 "Millennium woods" to celebrate the millennium.

Trafalgar Woods
As part of the trust's 'Tree For All' campaign, new woods were planted to mark the 2005 anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar, notably Victory Wood in Kent.

Jubilee Woods
The Trust ran the Jubilee Woods project, which aimed to plant 6 million trees and create 60 commemorative 'Diamond' woods across the UK as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2012. The largest of these, owned and managed by the Trust itself, is the Flagship Diamond Wood within the National Forest in Leicestershire, which will be planted with 300,000 trees.

First World War Centenary Woods
Beginning in 2014, a project commemorating the First World War involved tree planting and the establishment of new woodland sites across the UK. The planned sites were Langley Vale Wood (England), Dreghorn Woods (Scotland), Coed Ffos Las (Wales), and Brackfield Wood (Northern Ireland).

As part of the project, the Woodland Trust entered a partnership with the National Football Museum to create team groves to commemorate all the professional football players involved in the First World War, giving supporters the chance to dedicate trees at the English Centenary Wood, Langley Vale in Epsom.

Nature's Calendar
This citizen science project encourages members of the public to record the signs of the seasons near to them in order to show and assess the impact of climate change on the UK's wildlife. Thousands of volunteers send in their sightings, providing evidence about how wildlife is responding to the changing climate.

The Trust's records date back to 1736, making it the longest written biological record of its kind. It has become a powerful tool in assessing the impact of climate change and is valued by research scientists.

Ancient Tree Inventory
The Ancient Tree Inventory is a project run by the Woodland Trust in partnership with the Tree Register and the Ancient Tree Forum, which aims to record ancient, veteran and notable trees in the United Kingdom. , over 180,000 trees have been recorded by members of the public on the project's website, which provides a map of the trees.

Woods
Woods that the trust owns and looks after include:

England

 * Denge Wood, Kent
 * Dick Buck's Burrows, Cromer, Norfolk
 * Five Ponds Copse, Cheshire
 * Folke Wood, Dorset
 * Friezland Wood, Kent
 * Garratts Wood, Somerset
 * Great Wood, Felbrigg Estate, Norfolk
 * Hack Fall Wood, North Yorkshire
 * Heartwood Forest, Hertfordshire
 * Joyden's Wood, Kent
 * Lineover Wood SSSI, Gloucestershire
 * Oxmoor Copse, Surrey
 * Philipshill Wood, Buckinghamshire
 * Pretty Corner Wood, Sheringham, Norfolk
 * Skipton Wood, North Yorkshire
 * Tarn Wadling, Cumbria
 * Uffmoor Wood, Worcestershire
 * Warren Wood, Norfolk
 * Whittaker Wood, Greater Manchester
 * Whittlewood Forest, Northamptonshire
 * Weybourne Wood, Weybourne, Norfolk
 * West Runton, West Runton, Norfolk
 * Wychwood, Oxfordshire

Scotland

 * Backmuir Wood, Angus
 * Glen Finglas Estate, the Trossachs

Wales

 * Coed Felinrhyd & Llennyrch
 * Coed Ffos Las

Northern Ireland

 * Brackfield Wood
 * Monkstown Wood

title: Woodland Trust


text:
Talk:Hall County, Texas

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Talk:Hamilton County, Texas

How to
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Timeline History
Before anyone arbitrarily deletes large chunks of the history, please discuss. The timeline was designed as is, to help the global community understand how the timeline of the county history fits into the larger whole of Texas history. To do otherwise takes a very myopic view. Hamilton County has never existed in a vacuum. Maile66 (talk) 18:20, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Perhaps (and I see you have made similar additions to Guadalupe County, Texas), but Wikipedia geographical articles are not generally written that way. See for example Galveston County, Orange County, Albany County, Colfax County, and in general any county article with a "History" section. In general, only historical items directly pertaining to the article subject are included, anything else being considered irrelevant or outside the scope of the article (which is narrow and specific to one subject). According to WikiProject U.S. counties, the "History" section should contain "Major historical events that occurred in the county". State-wide and nation-wide events outside the county obviously would not meet this criteria. — Loadmaster (talk) 19:04, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I responded to this more completely here but I'll just make a quick comment. I think there is nothing wrong with providing historical context in the history section for any article and, in fact, believe that is a good thing to do (provided the context does not overwhelm the main topic). Timelines should generally have less context information than prose, though, and should be closer to the main topic. The biggest concern here is that this is not a list article so a detailed timeline like this is not really the best thing to do. A general prose history of the county would be better (with context as appropriate). If the timeline is really important I would say either:
 * Include it as a table off to the side of the history section (but it would need to be a lot shorter), or
 * Make a separate article Timeline of the history of Hamilton_County, Texas (probably not appropriate).
 * --Mcorazao (talk) 21:54, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I rewrote the list of events as a past-tense narrative, following the style of other county articles. I retained non-county events that were relevent to Hamilton county, but omitted the ones that were too global in scope. — Loadmaster (talk) 20:23, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

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Talk:Hansford County, Texas

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Talk:Hardeman County, Texas

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Talk:Hardin County, Texas

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title: Talk:Hardin County, Texas