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Bennebroek

Bennebroek is a village and former municipality in the northwest Netherlands, now part of Bloemendaal, North Holland. Before its merger in 2009, it was the smallest municipality in the Netherlands, covering an area of only 1.75 km².

History
Bennebroek was probably formed in the 13th century and its development was closely linked to the peat harvesting industry.

On 28 May 1653, Bennebroek split off from the Heemstede fiefdom and Adriaen Pauw, son of Adriaan Pauw, became its first feudal lord. Its population was dependent on animal husbandry and transportation. Later bulb flower cultivation became an important business. Since the second half of the 20th century, Bennebroek has primarily been a commuter community for the surrounding cities.

On 29 March 2007, the municipal councils of Bennebroek and Bloemendaal agreed to merge into one municipality, which took place on 1 January 2009.

Local government
The last municipal council of Bennebroek before its merger consisted of 11 seats, which at the 2006 elections were divided as follows:
 * VVD - 4 seats
 * CDA - 4 seats
 * PvdA - 3 seats

Attractions

 * Linnaeushof - a park known as Europe's largest children's playground, formerly a botanical garden where Carl Linnaeus acted as hortulanus (lead gardener) in the 18th century and where he wrote the Hortus Cliffortianus
 * Hartekamp - an estate (partially in Heemstede) with an extensive public park
 * Former Vogelenzang-Bennebroek railway station, open from 1842 to 1944

title: Bennebroek


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Beverwijk

Beverwijk is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The town is located about 20 km northwest of Amsterdam in the Randstad metropolitan area, north of the North Sea Canal very close to the North Sea coast. A railway tunnel and two motorway tunnels cross the canal between Beverwijk and the nearby city of Haarlem on the south side of the canal.

Around 1640, a town called Beverwyck was founded in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. That town's modern name is Albany, New York.

Population centres
The municipality of Beverwijk consists of two cores, Beverwijk proper and Wijk aan Zee, 5 km to the west, right on the coast.

History
The name Beverwijk comes from Bedevaartswijk, meaning "pilgrimage neighbourhood". The town formed at the Saint Agatha Church which was a pilgrimage location in the Middle Ages. Allegedly Agatha of Sicily appeared there in the 9th century to a virgin from Velsen who was fleeing from the Count of Kennemerland.

In 1276, Beverwijk was granted market rights by Floris V, and in 1298 it was granted city rights by John I, both Counts of Holland.

During the 17th century, wealthy merchants from Amsterdam built their estates, such as Huize Akerendam, Huize Westerhout, and Huize Scheijbeeck, in the scenic dunes surrounding Beverwijk.

Prior to the reclamation of the IJ Bay, the narrowest point in the North Holland peninsula was at Beverwijk. Therefore, a defensive line was built there in 1800 following the Battle of Castricum in 1799.

In 1944, during the Second World War, the Germans conducted a house-to-house raid in Beverwijk and Velsen-Noord, seizing nearly 500 persons as hostages to force the murderers of three collaborators to surrender themselves. In all, 63 of them never returned.

Around 1977, the first furniture stores opened along the Parallel Road, forming the first "furniture boulevard" in the Netherlands. By 1981, 10 businesses had been established there. South of the furniture boulevard, the Bazaar was introduced in 1980.

On March 23, 1997, Beverwijk was the location of a clash of two football firms. Supporters of the Dutch football team AFC Ajax met with Feyenoord supporters in what has come to be known as the "Battle of Beverwijk". During this incident, one Ajax supporter was beaten to death.

Since 1997, Special Needs Judo Foundation has organised its annual OBG (Open Beverwijk G-judo) tournament in Sporthal De Walvis, featuring over 1000 special needs judoka from all over the world. The tournament takes place every year in April.

Local government
The municipal council of Beverwijk consists of 27 seats, which are divided as follows: • Samen Beverwijk - 4 seats

• VVD - 4 seats

• D66 - 4 seats

• Vrij Beverwijk - 3 seats

• GroenLinks - 3 seats

• PvdA - 2 seats

• CDA - 2 seats

• On's Beverwijk - 2 seats

• Forum voor Democratie - 1 seat

• Fractie Kocak - 1 seat

• Motie Mendes - 1 seat

Notable residents

 * Gerard van Velsen (died 1296) Lord of Beverwijk, Noordwijk, and Velsen
 * Richard Aertsz (1482–1577) a Dutch Renaissance painter of historical allegories
 * Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen (1500-1559) a Dutch Northern Renaissance painter
 * Thomas Wijck (1616-1677) a Dutch painter of port views and genre paintings
 * Rochus van Veen (1630–1693) was a Dutch Golden Age painter
 * Isaac Johannes Lamotius (1646–1718) Governor of Mauritius 1677 to 1692 and an ichthyologist
 * Wil Velders-Vlasblom (1930–2019) a politician and woman's rights activist, Mayor of Beverwijk 1986 to 1995
 * Albert Boer (1935–2002) the author of Kamp Schoorl
 * Henk Tijms (born 1944) a Dutch mathematician and academic
 * Jan Baas (born 1950) a Dutch politician, alderman of Beverwijk 1990 to 1996
 * Peter Pontiac (1951–2015) a Dutch cartoonist, comics artist and illustrator
 * Peter de Wit (born 1958) a Dutch comics artist and cartoonist
 * Astrid Joosten (born 1958) a Dutch TV personality and presenter
 * Ilse Huizinga (born 1966) a Dutch jazz singer
 * Willem de Rooij (born 1969) mixed media artist
 * Kim-Lian van der Meij (born 1980) a musical actress, presenter and singer-songwriter

Sport

 * Cor Tabak (1907–2001) a male weightlifter who competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics
 * Ab Geldermans (born 1935) a former professional road bicycle racer and directeur sportif
 * Ans Dekker (born 1955) a former artistic gymnast, competed at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics
 * Wouly de Bie (born 1958) a former water polo goalkeeper, participated in two Summer Olympics
 * Michel Doesburg (born 1968) a retired Dutch professional footballer with over 400 club caps
 * Dorus de Vries (born 1980) a retired Dutch football goalkeeper with 431 club caps
 * Laurien Hoos (born 1983) a Dutch heptathlete and hurdler, competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics
 * Niki Terpstra (born 1984) a Dutch racing cyclist
 * Stefan Struve (born 1988), mixed martial artist
 * Paul de Lange (born 1981) a retired Dutch footballer with nearly 400 club caps
 * Arthur Numan (born 1969) a retired Dutch footballer with 436 club caps

Transport

 * Beverwijk railway station

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Beverwijk


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Lawrence Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Lawrence Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 96 at the 2000 census.

Lawrence Township was organized in 1880, and named after St. Lawrence County, New York, the native home of a share of the early settlers.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 sqmi, of which 35.1 sqmi is land and 0.8 sqmi (2.18%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 96 people, 39 households, and 24 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.7 PD/sqmi. There were 41 housing units at an average density of 1.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.92% White, 1.04% African American, and 1.04% from two or more races.

There were 39 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $47,500, and the median income for a family was $70,313. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $36,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $26,071. There were no families and 2.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.


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Blaricum

Blaricum is a municipality and village in the province of North Holland, the Netherlands. It is part of the region of Gooiland and part of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (Metropoolregio Amsterdam). It is known for its many monumental farm buildings, local cafes and restaurants, nature, several annual community events, and extensive up-market residential areas.

According to statistics published by the Dutch land registry office in February 2011, Blaricum is the most expensive location to purchase a house in the Netherlands. The average home in Blaricum costs €800,000 and had risen an average of 12% from the previous year.

Blaricum is a popular residence of many Dutch celebrities, including Rene Froger, Anita Meijer, Paul de Leeuw, Dennis Bergkamp, Gordon, Jerney Kaagman, John de Mol, Anita Witzier and Marco Borsato.

Districts
The municipality of Blaricum consists of the following districts: • Dorp

• Bijvanck

• Blaricummermeent

Topography
Dutch Topographic map of the municipality of Blaricum, June 2015.

Local government
The municipal council of Blaricum consists of 13 seats, which are divided as follows: • VVD - 3 seats

• Hart voor Blaricum - 3 seats

• De Blaricumse Partij - 3 seats

• D66 - 2 seats

• CDA - 1 seats

• Democratisch Alternatief Blaricum - 1 seat

History
The Tolstoyan community De International Broederschap was located in Blaricum from 1900 to 1903.

Notable people

 * Mellie Uyldert (1908 in Blaricum – 2009) a female Dutch New Age writer, alternative healer, occultist, and astrologer
 * Max Croiset (1912 in Blaricum – 1993) a Dutch actor
 * Dick Bakker (born 1947 in Blaricum) a Dutch composer, conductor and music producer
 * Merel Bechtold (born 1992 in Blaricum) a guitarist
 * Meau (born 2000) singer-songwriter, influencer

Sport

 * Ton Richter (1919 in Blaricum – 2009) a Dutch field hockey player, team bronze medallist at the 1948 Summer Olympics
 * Robert-Jan Derksen (born 1974) a Dutch professional golfer, lives in Blaricum
 * Selena Piek (born 1991 in Blaricum) a Dutch badminton player, team gold medalist at the 2019 European Games

title: Blaricum


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Bloemendaal

Bloemendaal is a municipality and town in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Bloemendaal is, together with Wassenaar, the wealthiest place in the Netherlands. It is located just west of Haarlem, on the North Sea.

In October 2015, after persistent problems with the local governance in Bloemendaal, the King's Commissioner of North Holland, Johan Remkes, threatened to disband the municipality if the problems were not resolved within a year. Bernt Schneiders, the mayor of Haarlem, was appointed as acting mayor of Bloemendaal.

Population centres
The municipality of Bloemendaal consists of the following cities, towns, villages and/or districts: • Bennebroek

• Bloemendaal

• Aerdenhout

• Bloemendaal aan Zee

• Overveen

• Vogelenzang

Local government
The municipal council of Bloemendaal consists of 19 seats, which after 2022 were divided as follows:

 * VVD – 5 seats
 * D66 – 4 seats
 * GroenLinks – 3 seats
 * Hart van Bloemendaal – 3 seats
 * CDA – 1 seat
 * PvdA – 1 seat
 * Liberaal Bloemendaal – 1 seat
 * Independent Bloemendaal – 1 seat

Since January 2009 Bennebroek, until then a separate municipality, became a part of Bloemendaal.

Railway connections
The municipality has two railway stations: Bloemendaal (on the municipal border with Haarlem) and Overveen. Both are served by Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) regional services (Sprinter).

Sports
Bloemendaal is home to one of the country's leading field hockey clubs, HC Bloemendaal. The men's first team competes for the Dutch Hoofdklasse (top league) title most years.

Thijsse's Hof
In 1925 Thijsse's Hof (the Garden of Thijsse) was created. It was the first wildlife garden in the Netherlands. It was gifted to Jac. P. Thijsse at the occasion of his 60th birthday. The garden still exists today.

Notable people

 * Bertha Frensel Wegener (1874 in Bloemendaal – 1953) composer and music educator
 * Frederick Koolhoven (1886 in Bloemendaal – 1946) aircraft designer in Britain and Netherlands
 * Leo Brongersma (1907 in Bloemendaal – 1994) zoologist, herpetologist, author, and lecturer
 * Johan Benders (1907 in Bloemendaal – 1943) teacher and victim of the Gestapo
 * Hendrik Van Riessen (1911 in Bloemendaal – 2000 in Bloemendaal) second generation reformational philosopher
 * Frank de Miranda (1913 in Bloemendaal – 1986) sculptor, psychologist and publicist
 * Tjitze Baarda (1932 in Vogelenzang – 2017) emeritus professor of theology and religious sciences
 * Erwin Nypels (born 1933 in Bloemendaal) former politician
 * Louwrien Wijers (born 1941 in Aerdenhout) artist and writer
 * Ankie Broekers-Knol (born 1946) politician, municipal councillor
 * Arielle Vernède (born 1953 in Bloemendaal) pianist.
 * Frank Gerard Rozendaal (1957 in Bloemendaal – 2013) ornithologist, researched the Southeast Asian avifauna

Sport

 * Cornelis van der Vliet (1880 in Bloemendaal – 1960 in Bloemendaal) sports shooter, competed in the team clay pigeon event at the 1920 Summer Olympics
 * Kick Smit (1911 in Bloemendaal – 1974) football player, 29 caps and 26 goals for the Netherlands national football team
 * Aat de Roos (1919 in Bloemendaal – 1992) field hockey player, competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics
 * Gijs van Lennep (born 1942 in Aerdenhout) esquire and former racing driver
 * Robert van Werkhoven (born 1954 in Bloemendaal) sailor, competed at 1976 Summer Olympics
 * Gert Jan Schlatmann (born 1963 in Bloemendaal) former field hockey player
 * Ellen Hoog (born 1986 in Bloemendaal) field hockey player

title: Bloemendaal


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Lien Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Lien Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 117 at the 2000 census.

Lien Township was organized in 1874, and named for Ole E. Lien, an early Norwegian settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.3 square miles (89.0 km2), of which 32.2 square miles (83.3 km2) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) (6.40%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 117 people, 45 households, and 35 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.6 PD/sqmi. There were 66 housing units at an average density of 2.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 45 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, and 22.2% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 18.8% from 25 to 44, 35.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $41,875. Males had a median income of $20,750 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,580. There were 16.3% of families and 14.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 4.5% of under eighteens and 12.5% of those over 64.

title: Lien Township, Grant County, Minnesota


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Bussum

Bussum is a commuter town and former municipality in the Gooi region in the south east of the province of North Holland in the Netherlands near Hilversum. Since 2016, Bussum has been part of the new municipality of Gooise Meren.

Bussum had a population of 33,595 in 2019 and covered an area of undefined km2.

History
For a long time Bussum was a hamlet situated in the heathlands of the Gooi and was first mentioned in 1306. At this time, Bussum was shown on maps as a large heathland with many small farms, sheep pens and forests. Since Bussum was situated near the fortified town of Naarden it was governed by Naarden from 1369. In 1470 Bussum had about 250 inhabitants, which made it the smallest village in the Gooi.

Bussum became independent from Naarden in 1817, yet it was not until the arrival of a railway line in 1874 that Bussum began to flourish. Two train stations were built in the town, that still exist today: Naarden-Bussum and Bussum Zuid (Dutch for Bussum South), both on the connection between Amsterdam and Hilversum. The stations and the road network fostered the town's status as a satellite town of Amsterdam, allowing for reverse commute also to Hilversum. From 1898 until 1907, Bussum housed the first Dutch socialist colony after the example of Thoreau's Walden, set up by the writer and psychiatrist Frederik van Eeden. In 1951, Bussum hosted the first Dutch national TV broadcast and the national TV studios were located there until 1964.

Bussum merged with the local municipalities of Naarden, Muiden and Muiderberg on 1 January 2016. In October 2014, the combined town councils chose the name Gooise Meren for the new municipality, the other options being Naarden-Bussum and Naardingerland.

Local government
The last municipal council of Bussum consisted of 23 seats, which at the 2014 election were divided as follows: Elections were held in November 2015 for a council for the new merged Gooise Meren municipality that commenced work in January 2016, replacing Bussum council.
 * VVD - 5 seats
 * List nr 6 (blank list) - 5 seats
 * D66 - 4 seats
 * PvdA - 3 seats
 * CDA - 2 seats
 * GroenLinks - 2 seats
 * Gooise Ouderen Partij - 2 seats

Notable residents

 * Freddy Wittop (1911–2001), international costume designer
 * Karel Thole (1914–2000), painter and illustrator
 * Paul Biegel (1925–2006), author
 * Willem Duys (1928–2011), radio and television presenter and record producer
 * Thierry Veltman (1939–2023), artist
 * Tineke Lagerberg (born 1941), swimmer
 * Ronnie Tober (born 1945), singer and entertainer
 * Charles de Lint (born 1951), Canadian author and musician
 * Huub Rothengatter (born 1954), racing driver
 * Raoul Heertje (born 1963), comedian
 * Anneloes Nieuwenhuizen (born 1963), field hockey defender
 * Ruud Hesp (born 1965), football goalkeeper
 * Ellen Elzerman (born 1971), swimmer
 * Thekla Reuten (born 1975), actress
 * Wopke Hoekstra (born 1975), Dutch politician
 * Joël Drommel (born 1996), football goalkeeper

Transport
The town of Bussum has two railway stations: Naarden-Bussum and Bussum Zuid.

title: Bussum


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Castricum

Castricum is a municipality and a town in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands.

Castricum is a seaside town in the province of North Holland. It attracts tourists who come mainly to visit the beach and nearby dune landscape. Lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest is in the vicinity, with facilities for sailing and windsurfing.

History
On 6 October 1799, a Franco-Dutch army under Guillaume Brune defeated an Anglo-Russian army under Ralph Abercromby and the Duke of York in the Battle of Castricum.

The municipalities of Akersloot and Limmen merged into the municipality of Castricum on 1 January 2002.

Population centres
The municipality of Castricum is made up of the towns, villages and districts of: Castricum, Akersloot, Bakkum, De Woude and Limmen.

Transportation
The town is served by Castricum railway station. It has regular trains to Amsterdam, with a journey time of 28 minutes.

Local government
The municipal council of Castricum consists of 25 seats which, after the 2022 election, divided as follows:
 * Lokaal Vitaal – 6 seats
 * VVD – 4 seats
 * Green Left – 4 seats
 * De Vrije Lijst – 3 seats
 * PvdA – 2 seat
 * CDA – 2 seats
 * D66 – 2 seats
 * Forza! – 2 seats

After 2022 the college van burgemeester en wethouders (the municipal board) was formed by Lokaal Vitaal, VVD, Green Left and CDA.

Castricum aan Zee

Castricum aan Zee is the seaside resort of Castricum. It is located on the North Sea coast at 52.5563°N, 4.6077°W. It used to be called Bakkum aan Zee, and mainly consists of holiday homes, camping sites and the occasional house. Duincamping Bakkum is the oldest camp site of the Netherlands. The dune area used to be owned by Sophie, Princess of Albania. In 1906, a group of nature lovers asked permission to camp. The princess granted permission, and it developed into a permanent camp site.

In 1942, construction started of the Atlantic Wall to defend against an Allied invasion. As part of the wall Stützpunkt Castricum was built, and 104 bunkers were constructed in the dunes. Many have been demolished, but some are still hidden under the sand. In 2020, a previously unknown bunker was discovered buried in the sand.

Notable people

 * Willem Jacobszoon Coster (1590 in Akersloot – 1640) Dutch colonial Governor of Zeylan in 1640
 * John Ton (1826 in Akersloot – 1896) an American abolitionist active in the Underground Railroad in Illinois.
 * Willem Schermerhorn (1894 in Akersloot – 1977) a Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1945/1946
 * Abraham Louis Schneiders (1925 in Castricum – 2020) a Dutch diplomat and writer
 * Jan Gmelich Meijling (1936 in Heemstede – 2012) a Dutch politician, naval officer and Mayor of Castricum from 1978 to 1985
 * Theo van den Boogaard (born 1948 in Castricum) a Dutch cartoonist
 * Henk Jaap Beentje (born 1951 in Bakkum) a Dutch botanist, works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
 * Sefa Jeroen Vlaarkamp (2000 in Alkmaar) a Dutch frenchcore musician

Sport

 * Arjan de Zeeuw (born 1970 in Castricum) a retired Dutch footballer with 553 club caps
 * Eddy Putter (born 1982 in Akersloot) a Dutch football player with over 200 club caps
 * Kees Luijckx (born 1986 in Beverwijk) a Dutch footballer with over 270 club caps
 * Teun Koopmeiners (born 1998 in Castricum) a Dutch footballer playing for Atalanta Bergamo

title: Castricum


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Logan Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Logan Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 115 at the 2000 census.

Logan Township was organized in 1874, and named for John A. Logan, a U.S. Senator from Illinois.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.9 square miles (90.4 km2), of which 34.8 square miles (90.1 km2) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.3 km2) (0.34%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 115 people, 49 households, and 34 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.3 PD/sqmi. There were 56 housing units at an average density of 1.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 49 households, out of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the township the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $27,083, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $27,188 versus $11,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,284. There were 5.7% of families and 6.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 9.1% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Logan Township, Grant County, Minnesota


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Diemen

Diemen is a town and municipality with a population of 0 in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is located approximately 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of Amsterdam's city centre, within the Amsterdam metropolitan area.

Etymology
The name Diemen comes from the river Diem, which originates from die eme, meaning the water.

Geography

Diemen is located in the province North Holland, in the west of the Netherlands. The town is part of the urban area of Amsterdam and is situated between Amsterdam-Oost (IJburg, Watergraafsmeer), Ouder-Amstel (Duivendrecht), Amsterdam-Zuidoost (Bijlmer, Driemond), and Muiden.

Three waterways cross the municipality: the Weespertrekvaart from west to south, the Amsterdam–Rhine Canal from north to east, and the river Diem from south to north. The river is the namesake of Diemen. The town can be divided into three neighbourhoods: Diemen Noord, Diemen Centrum, and Diemen Zuid.

Diemen Noord (North Diemen) is located on the south bank of the Amsterdam–Rhine Canal, which separates it from the Amsterdam neighbourhood IJburg, on the west bank of the river Diem, and on the north side of the Amsterdam–Zutphen railway. The area contains houses, a few of which are recreated late medieval houses, a minor shopping centre, and in the east a green area called Diemerpolder.

Diemen Centrum (Diemen Centre) extends from the Watergraafsmeer in the west, from which it is separated by the A10 motorway, all the way to the north-east of municipality with the rural area Overdiemerpolder, an electricity plant, and the green area Diemervijfhoek. The neighbourhood contains houses and apartment buildings, the largest shopping centre, and the town hall. The train station Diemen is located between Noord and Centrum.

Diemen Zuid (South Diemen) is located next to Duivendrecht, Bijlmer, and Driemond. It contains houses and apartment buildings, a minor shopping centre, and a location of Inholland University of Applied Sciences. On the south-west border is the railway station Diemen Zuid for metros and trains. The east part of the neighbourhood contains an industrial area and a green area called Diemerbos.

Demographics
The municipality has a population of 25,915 and a population density of 2,161 /km2. 51,2% Dutch background, 48,8% No Dutch background

Government
The municipal government consists of the executive college of the mayor and aldermen and the elected municipal council. The municipal building is located at the D.J. den Hartoglaan 1.

After the 2010 local elections in the Netherlands, a coalition of Labour Party (PvdA), GreenLeft (GL), Democrats 66 (D66), and Socialist Party (SP) was formed in Diemen. The mayor is Erik Boog (D66). Following the 2018 elections, negotiations are ongoing for forming the next governing coalition.

The municipal council of Diemen consists of 21 elected members. The seats are divided as follows: • GreenLeft – 5 seats

• D66 – 4 seats

• PvdA – 3 seats

• VVD – 3 seats

• Leefbaar Diemen – 2 seats

• Ouderenpartij Diemen – 2 seats

• CDA – 1 seat

• Ons Diemen – 1 seat

Transportation

The motorways A1 (E231) and A9 pass through the municipality of Diemen, and the motorway A10 (Amsterdam ring) lies just outside the municipal border with Amsterdam.

Diemen has two train stations, Diemen on the Amsterdam–Zutphen railway and Diemen Zuid on the Weesp–Leiden railway. All train services to and from Diemen are operated by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS). The railway station Diemen Zuid connects the town to the metro network of the Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf (GVB).

Tram (line 19), bus and night bus services connect Diemen to Amsterdam and other towns in the area.

Bus service line 44 drives from Diemen North to the railway and metrostation Amsterdam Bijlmer Arena

Metro line 53 stops at two stations (Diemen Zuid and Verrijn Stuartweg) in the Southern district of the town.

Education

There are six primary schools in Diemen. The three public schools are De Octopus, De Venser, and 'de Noorderbreedte. The two ecumenical schools are De Ark and De Kersenboom, which is both public and ecumenical. De Nieuwe Kring is a Jenaplan school and Sint-Petrusschool is a Roman Catholic school. 't Palet and De Duif merged in 2014 and formed the Noorderbreedte. 't Palet was a public school and De Duif was an ecumenical school.

There are no secondary schools in Diemen. The nearest secondary schools are in Amsterdam and Weesp.

There are two institutes of tertiary education in Diemen: the universities of applied sciences HBO Nederland and Inholland both have a location in Diemen Zuid. The nearest universities are in Amsterdam.

Notable people

 * Pieter Nieuwland (1764 in Diemermeer – 1794) a Dutch nautical scientist, chemist, mathematician and poet
 * Rudi Falkenhagen (1933 in Diemen – 2005) a Dutch actor

Sport

 * Barend Bonneveld (1887 in Diemen – 1978) a Dutch heavyweight wrestler, competed at the 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics
 * Maarten Arens (born 1972 in Diemen) a Dutch judoka
 * Junas Naciri (born 1973 in Diemen) a Dutch retired footballer with 336 club caps
 * Levi Heimans (born 1985 in Diemen) a Dutch track cyclist, competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics
 * Daley Blind (born 1990 in Diemen) a Dutch professional footballer playing for AFC Ajax with over 300 club caps and over 70 international caps
 * Adam Maher (born 1993 in Diemen) a Dutch professional footballer with over 200 club caps
 * Riejanne Markus (born 1994 in Diemen) a Dutch world champion cyclist

title: Diemen


text:
Drechterland

Drechterland is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. The municipality was formed in 1979, in a merger of the former municipalities of Hoogkarspel, Westwoud and Oosterblokker. Its original name, Bangert, was changed to "Drechterland" in 1980. In 2006, the former municipality of Venhuizen was added to Drechterland.

Population centres
The municipality of Drechterland consists of the following towns, villages and districts: • Hem

• Hoogkarspel

• Oosterblokker

• Oosterleek

• Oosterwijzend

• Schellinkhout

• Venhuizen

• Westerwijzend

• Westwoud

• Wijdenes

Topography

Dutch topographic map of the municipality of Drechterland, June 2015

Local government
The municipal council of Drechterland consists of 17 seats, which after the 2022 municipal election divided as follows:

 * Senior Party, Drechterland – 4 seats
 * Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) – 4 seats
 * Progressive Drechterland – 3 seats
 * People's Party for Freedom & Democracy (VVD) – 3 seats
 * Municipal interests, Drechterland – 3 seats

Notable people

 * Jan Jacobszoon May van Schellinkhout (17th c., born in Schellinkhout) a Dutch seafarer and explorer, eponym of Jan Mayen
 * Cornelis Jacobsen Mey (17th c., born in Schellinkhout) a Dutch explorer, captain and fur trader
 * Wilhelmus Nuyens (1823 in Avenhorn – 1894) a Dutch historian.
 * Vincent Mentzel (born 1945 Hoogkarspel) a Dutch newspaper photographer, embraces photorealism

Sport

 * Hendrik Offerhaus (1875 in Venhuizen – 1953) a Dutch rower and bronze medallist in the 1900 Summer Olympics
 * Mathieu Boots (born 1975 in Venhuizen) a Dutch retired football player with over 250 club caps
 * Thomas Koenis (born 1989 in Hoogkarspel) a Dutch professional basketball player
 * Erik Schouten (born 1991 in Westwoud) a Dutch professional footballer with 140 caps with FC Volendam

title: Drechterland


text:
Norcross, Minnesota

Norcross is a city in Grant County, Minnesota, United States, along the Mustinka River. The population was 52 at the 2020 census.

History
Norcross was platted in 1881. In 1882, Norcross began as a large grain ranch owned by N.F. Griswold and Captain J.N. Cross. They convinced the Great Northern Railway to build the depot at their ranch rather than two miles north at the planned town of Gorton. The train regularly stopped at the ranch to pick up wheat, and the railroad officials agreed to build the depot and grain elevators there. Why the name Norcross instead of Griscross? The two gentlemen and an old army career man, called Norton, donated the land for the town. Norton and Cross teamed up for the city name, Norcross, and Griswold settled for main street, known as "Griswold Ave." The city's name is an amalgamation of Henry Allyn Norton and Judson Newell Cross, the founders.

The town incorporated in 1913 with 140 people. Lund and Sellseth started a bank in 1909, which closed in 1931, a victim of the Depression. The first school, named "New School," opened in 1903, and later was home to the Norwegian Lutheran Church when a newer school was built. In 1928, a great fire destroyed all the buildings on the south side of town. Refusing to give in to the forces of nature, the citizens opened a creamery, the town hall, and a liquor store, which later was converted to a pool hall during Prohibition. George Houps for Iowa bought the stockyards and started a general store.

At one time Norcross had three churches. Our Savior's Lutheran Church celebrated their 75th anniversary in 1976 and their 90th anniversary in 1991, and is now a beautiful private home. Before the church was built, early pioneers walked 17 miles to a church northeast of Norcross in order to be confirmed. St. Mary's Catholic Church opened in 1905 and closed in 1923. The Faith United Methodist Church began services in the Amundson School in 1919, erected a church in 1952, and closed in 2007.

American Legion Hillestad-Borgeson Post #410, based in Norcross, established a veterans' memorial in Norcross Park on Highway 9. The monument erected by the post is dedicated "In memory of all the men and women who have served their country in all wars." A National Guardsman and 2005 veteran of the war in Iraq, Norcross native Jacob Veldhouse's name is inscribed there, as is the name of his uncle, Dennis.

The Norcross Town Hall, built in the late '20s, was the place to be when growing up in Norcross. People danced, roller skated, attended funerals and wedding receptions, hosted church fundraiser dinners, and even basketball games. The brick building fell into disrepair and was dismantled in 1997. Bricks were offered free to the public.

A post office started operation at Norcross since 1881. The United States Postal Service suspended the post office to be relocated to the post office in Herman in October 2019.

The Norcross school building is a worthy candidate for the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1938 by the WPA, the building is made entirely of poured concrete, a fine example of Art Deco architecture. For over thirty years, students from first through seventh grade were educated in the three-room school. The school consolidated with Herman in 1971, and now the building is privately owned.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.558 sqmi, all land.

Minnesota State Highway 9 serves as a main route in the community.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 70 people, 29 households, and 20 families living in the city. The population density was 44.9 PD/sqmi. There were 39 housing units at an average density of 25.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 74.3% White, 1.4% Native American, 20.0% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.7% of the population.

There were 29 households, of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.05.

The median age in the city was 41.5 years. 28.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 21.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 37.1% male and 62.9% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 59 people, 33 households, and 19 families living in the city. The population density was 37.7 PD/sqmi. There were 40 housing units at an average density of 25.5 per square mile (9.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 33 households, out of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.79 and the average family size was 2.30.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 13.6% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 13.6% from 25 to 44, 35.6% from 45 to 64, and 32.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $11,875, and the median income for a family was $34,375. Males had a median income of $52,500 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,507. There were 23.5% of families and 24.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 50.0% of under eighteens and 15.0% of those over 64.

title: Norcross, Minnesota


text:
Edam-Volendam

Edam-Volendam is a municipality in the northwest Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, primarily consisting of the towns of Edam and Volendam. It is situated on the western shore of the Markermeer, just north of Waterland. In 2021, it had a population of 36,268.

In 2016, the former municipality of Zeevang merged with Edam-Volendam.

Local government
The municipal council of Edam-Volendam has 25 seats. The 2022 election results were as follows:

 * Volendam '80: 7 seats
 * Lijst Kras: 3 seats
 * CDA: 3 seats
 * Zeevangs Belang: 3 seats
 * GroenLinks: 3 seats
 * VVD: 2 seats
 * BVNL: 2 seats
 * PvdA: 1 seat
 * Forum voor Democratie: 1 seat

Notable people

 * Geertje Dircx (ca.1610–1615 in Edam – ca.1656) the lover of Rembrandt van Rijn
 * Ed van der Elsken (1925–1990), Dutch photographer and filmmaker
 * Boudewijn Hendricksz (died 1626) Dutch corsair and later Admiral; also burgemeester of Edam
 * Trijntje Keever (1616–1633) tallest female person in recorded history, standing 2.54 metres (8 ft 4 in) tall when she died
 * Mona Keijzer (born 1968 in Edam) Dutch politician
 * Jan Keizer (born 1949 in Volendam) Dutch singer and composer, with the pop band BZN
 * Geraldine Kemper (born 1990 in Volendam) Dutch TV presenter
 * Bernadette (born Bernadette Kraakman, 1959 in Volendam) Dutch singer, took part in the 1983 Eurovision Song Contest
 * Maribelle (born Marie Kwakman, 1960 in Volendam) Dutch singer, took part in the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest
 * Maria Leer (1788 in Edam – 1866) prophetess and Dutch religious figure
 * Kristofer Schipper (1934 in Järnskog – 2021) Dutch sinologist and academic
 * Jan Janz Slop (1643 in Edam – 1727) Dutch Golden Age painter
 * Jan Smit (born 1985 in Volendam) Dutch singer, TV host and actor and football director
 * Abraham Staphorst (ca.1638 in Edam – 1696) Dutch Golden Age painter
 * Piet Veerman (born 1943 in Volendam) Dutch pop musician
 * Abraham Isaacsen Verplanck (1606–1690) early settler in New Netherlands, emigrated ca. 1633

Sport

 * Wim Jonk (born 1966 in Volendam) Dutch football coach and former player with 368 club caps
 * Coen de Koning (1879–1954) speed skater and cyclist
 * Gerry Koning (born 1980 in Volendam) Dutch former footballer with over 350 club caps
 * Arnold Mühren (born 1951 in Volendam) Dutch football manager and former midfielder with 516 club caps
 * Gerrie Mühren (1946 in Volendam – 2013) Dutch footballer with over 350 club caps
 * Henny Schilder (born 1984 in Volendam) Dutch football player, 375 club caps with FC Volendam
 * Pier Tol (born 1958 in Volendam) Dutch retired international footballer with 344 club caps
 * Jack Tuijp (born 1983 in Volendam) retired Dutch football striker with about 400 club caps

title: Edam-Volendam


text:
Enkhuizen

Enkhuizen is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia.

History
Enkhuizen, like Hoorn and Amsterdam, was one of the harbour-towns of the VOC, from where overseas trade with the East Indies was conducted. It received city rights in 1355. On June 24, 1572 during the Eighty Years' War, in Enkhuizen five Franciscans from Alkmaar were hanged: known as the martyrs of Alkmaar.

In the mid-17th century, Enkhuizen was at the peak of its power and was one of the most important harbour cities in the Netherlands. However, due to a variety of reasons, notably the silting up of the harbours, Enkhuizen lost its position to Amsterdam.

Tourism
Enkhuizen has one of the largest marinas in the Netherlands. The Zuiderzee Museum is located in Enkhuizen. The Drommedaris is the oldest building in Enkhuizen, dating from 1540. Tourists can take boat trips to and from the port to Medemblik.

Industry
Industrially, Enkhuizen is home to a number of seed production companies, Enza Zaden, Syngenta, Bayer Crop Science, as well as a plastics factory. Tourism is also a large part of the economy.

Population centres
The municipality of Enkhuizen consists of the city of Enkhuizen and the settlements of Oosterdijk and Westeinde.

Local government
After the 2022 local election, the 17 seats of Enkhuizen municipal council divided as follows: • Enkhuizen Forward! – 3 seats

• SP – 3 seats

• CDA – 2 seats

• D66 – 2 seats

• PvdA – 2 seats

• Enkhuizer Alternative – 1 seat

• Nieuw Enkhuizen – 1 seat

• No party (C.H.Segerius) – 1 seat

• Pirate Party – 1 seat

• VVD – 1 seat

Transport
Enkhuizen station offers direct rail service to Hoorn, Amsterdam and Maastricht/Heerlen, with the journey to Amsterdam Centraal of around an hour.

During the summer, ferries for pedestrians and cyclists operate between Enkhuizen and Stavoren, Medemblik and Urk.

It is also possible to drive or cycle across the Houtribdijk to Lelystad, passing under a naviduct near the Krabbersgat lock.

Notable buildings

 * Evangelical Lutheran Church (Enkhuizen)
 * St Francis Xavier Church, Enkhuizen

Public thought and public service

 * Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer (ca.1534–1606) nautical cartographer
 * Franciscus Maelson (1538–1601) Dutch physician and statesman
 * Dirck Gerritsz Pomp (1544–ca.1608) sailor, the first known Dutch visitor to China and Japan
 * Jan Huyghen van Linschoten (1563–1611) merchant, trader and historian
 * Joris Carolus (ca.1566–ca.1636) Dutch cartographer and explorer
 * Johannes Antonides van der Linden (1609–1664) Dutch physician, botanist and author
 * Hermann Witsius (1636–1708) Dutch theologian
 * Cornelis Jan Simonsz (ca.1661–ca.1727) Governor of Dutch Ceylon 1703/1707
 * Jacob Mossel (1704– 1761) sailor and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies 1750/1761
 * Jan Baas (born 1950) Dutch politician and Mayor of Enkhuizen
 * Gerrit Zalm (born 1952) banker, former Minister of Finance
 * Stef Blok (born 1964) Dutch politician and Minister of Foreign Affairs

The arts

 * Pieter Symonsz Potter (1597–1652) Dutch Golden Age painter
 * Willem Bartsius (1612–1657) Dutch Golden Age painter.
 * Jacob Steendam (1615– ca.1672) Dutch poet and minister.
 * Paulus Potter (1625–1654) painter
 * Pieter Gallis (1633–1697) Dutch Golden Age painter
 * Dirck Ferreris (1639–1693) Dutch Golden Age painter
 * Jos Lussenburg (1889–1975) Dutch painter and musician
 * Matthijs Verschoor (born 1955) Dutch classical pianist and academic

Science and business

 * Jan Verbruggen (1712–1781) Dutch master gun-founder and an artist
 * David de Gorter (1717–1783) Dutch physician, botanist and academic
 * Gerbrand Bakker (1771–1828) physician, professor at the University of Groningen
 * Harm Bart (born 1942) Dutch mathematician, economist and academic

Sport

 * Corry Vreeken (born 1928) Dutch chess Women's Grandmaster
 * Nel Zwier (1936–2001) Dutch high jumper, competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics
 * Eljo Kuiler (born 1946) former diver, competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics
 * Wijda Mazereeuw (born 1953) Dutch swimmer, competed in the 1972 & 1976 Summer Olympics

title: Enkhuizen


text:
North Ottawa Township, Grant County, Minnesota

North Ottawa Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 69 at the 2000 census.

History
North Ottawa Township was organized in 1882, and named after Ottawa, Illinois, the former home of an early settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.6 km$2$), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 69 people, 27 households, and 21 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.9 people per square mile (0.7/km$2$). There were 28 housing units at an average density of 0.8/sq mi (0.3/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.55% White, and 1.45% from two or more races.

There were 27 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.4% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $36,875, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had a median income of $0 versus $41,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,451. There were 21.7% of families and 18.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 13.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.


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Graft-De Rijp

Graft-De Rijp is a former municipality in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. Since January 2015 it has been a part of Alkmaar.

It is twinned with Chalfont St Giles in England.

Population centres
The municipality of Graft-De Rijp contained the following towns and villages: De Rijp, Graft, Markenbinnen, Noordeinde, Oost-Graftdijk, Starnmeer, West-Graftdijk.

Local government
The municipal council of Graft-De Rijp consisted of 13 seats, which at the final election, in 2010, were divided as follows:

 * PvdA - 5 seats
 * VVD - 3 seats
 * CDA - 3 seats
 * Het Verschil - 2 seats

An election was held in November 2014 for a council for the new merged Alkmaar municipality that commenced work on 1 January 2015, replacing Graft-De Rijp council.

title: Graft-De Rijp


text:
Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude

Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude is a former municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. It had a population of 5,760 in August 2017. On 1 January 2019, it merged with the municipality of Haarlemmermeer.

The municipality was bordered by Zaanstad to the north, Amsterdam to the east, Haarlemmermeer to the south, Haarlem to the west and Velsen to the northwest.

Population centres
The municipality of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude consisted of the following towns and villages: Haarlemmerliede, Halfweg, Penningsveer, Spaarndam (partly), Spaarnwoude, Vinkebrug.

Topography
Map of municipality of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, June 2015

History
The municipality was formed on 8 September 1857, through the merger of the former municipalities of Haarlemmerliede and Spaarnwoude.

On 22 September 1863, Houtrijk en Polanen and Zuidschalkwijk were added to the municipality, of which Zuidschalkwijk was subsequently annexed by the city of Haarlem.

During the construction of the North Sea Canal (completed 1867), large portions of the IJ Bay were enclosed with dikes and made into polders, thereby enlarging the area of the municipality significantly. However, Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude also lost large areas to the cities of Haarlem and Amsterdam in 1927, 1963, and 1970.

On 1 January 2019, the municipality of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude was abolished and merged with the municipality of Haarlemmermeer.

Local government
The municipal council of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude consisted of 11 seats, which at the final local election in 2014 were divided as follows:

 * CDA – 4 seats
 * D66 – 3 seats
 * VVD – 2 seats
 * GL – 1 seat
 * PvdA – 1 seat

The last mayor was Pieter Heiliegers (VVD).

Twinning
Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude is twinned with Saxilby in Lincolnshire, UK.

title: Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude


text:
Pelican Lake Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Pelican Lake Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 425 at the 2000 census.

Pelican Lake Township was organized in 1876, and named after Pelican Lake.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.7 km$2$), of which 27.2 square miles (70.3 km$2$) is land and 8.2 square miles (21.3 km$2$) (23.23%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 425 people, 169 households, and 130 families residing in the township. The population density was 15.6 people per square mile (6.0/km$2$). There were 367 housing units at an average density of 13.5/sq mi (5.2/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.65% White, and 2.35% from two or more races.

There were 169 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.6% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $36,667, and the median income for a family was $37,308. Males had a median income of $27,292 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,329. About 5.6% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.


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Haarlemmermeer

Haarlemmermeer is a municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Haarlemmermeer is a polder, consisting of land reclaimed from water. The name Haarlemmermeer means 'Haarlem's lake', referring to the body of water from which the region was reclaimed in the 19th century.

Haarlemmermeer's main town is Hoofddorp, which has a population of 76,660. Hoofddorp, along with the rapidly growing towns of Nieuw-Vennep and Badhoevedorp, are part of the Randstad agglomeration. The main international airport of the Netherlands, Schiphol, is located in Haarlemmermeer.

History
The original Haarlemmermeer lake is said to have been mostly a peat bog, a relic of a northern arm of the Rhine which passed through the district in Roman times. In 1531, the original Haarlemmermeer had an area of 26.0 km2, and near it were three smaller lakes: the Leidsche Meer (Leiden Lake), the Spiering Meer, and the Oude Meer (Old Lake), with a combined area of about 31 km2.

The four lakes were formed into one by successive floods with the Haarlemmermeer name being applied to the combined lake. Villages disappeared in the process. One of those villages was Vennep, after which the modern Nieuw-Vennep was named. In Dutch, the tendency for lakes to grow over time is called the waterwolf. During the Dutch War of Independence, the waters of the Haarlemmermeer were the scene of the Battle of Haarlemmermeer, a naval engagement between a Spanish fleet and the ships of the Dutch rebels known as "Sea Beggars", who were trying to break the Siege of Haarlem.

The Haarlemmermeer could be a dangerous place during storms. On 7 January 1629, Frederick Henry of the Palatinate, son and heir of Frederick V, the "Winter King" drowned trying to cross it. By 1647, the new Haarlemmermeer had an area of about 150 km2, which a century later had increased to over 170 km2.

In 1643, Jan Adriaanszoon Leeghwater proposed to dike and drain the lake. Similar schemes, among which those of Nicolaus Samuel Cruquius in 1742 and of Baron van Lijnden van Hemmen in 1820, were proposed from time to time. But it was not until a furious hurricane in November 1836 drove the waters as far as the gates of Amsterdam, and another on Christmas Day sent them in the opposite direction to submerge the streets of Leiden, that the matter was seriously considered.

On 1 August 1837, King William I appointed a royal commission of inquiry. Their proposal receiving the sanction of the Dutch Parliament's Second Chamber in March 1839, and in the following May the work was begun.

First, a canal was dug around the lake, called Ringvaart (Ring Canal), to carry the water drainage and boat and ship traffic which had previously gone across the lake. This canal was 61 km long, and 2.40 m deep, and the excavated earth was used to build a dike from 30 to 50 m wide around the lake. The area enclosed by the canal was more than 180 km2, and the average depth of the lake 4 m. As the water had no natural drainage, it was calculated that probably 1000 million tons of water would have to be raised by mechanical means.

All of the pumping was done by steam mills, an innovation contrasting with the historic practice of draining polders using windmills. Three Cornish beam engines were imported from Hayle: the Leeghwater, the Cruquius (the largest Watt-design reciprocal stroke steam engine ever built and now a museum), and the Lijnden. Pumping began in 1848, and the lake was dry by July 1, 1852; 800 million tons of water were actually discharged. At the first sale of the highest lands along the banks on 16 August 1853, about £28 per acre was paid; but the average price afterwards was less. The whole area of 170.36 km2 recovered from the waters brought in 9,400,000 guilders, or about £780,000, exactly covering the cost of the enterprise; so that the actual cost to the nation was only the amount of the interest on the capital, or about £368,000.

The soil is of various kinds, loam, clay, sand, and peat. Most of it is fertile enough, though in the lower portions there are barren patches where the scanty vegetation is covered with an ochreous deposit. Mineral springs occur containing a very high percentage (3.245 grams per litre) of common salt; and in 1893 a company was formed to work them.

In 1854, the city of Leiden laid claim to the possession of the new territory, but the courts decided in favor of the nation. Haarlemmermeer became incorporated as a municipality in the province of North Holland by law on 16 July 1855. Its first mayor was Matthijs Samuel Petrus Pabst. The first church was built in the same year and by 1877 there were seven. By 1860 its population was 7237, and 40 years later in 1900, it was 16,621.

Initially agriculture dominated in Haarlemmermeer. But with 99% of the land owned by a few wealthy land owners, poor harvests and low commodity prices, life was very difficult for the tenant farmers. After 1900, the situation improved when commodity prices rose and most farmers owned their own land. Then greenhouse farming developed. Seasonal labourers, attracted by good pay, boosted the population by settling in the villages along the Ringvaart. Maize, seeds, cattle, butter, and cheese were the principal produce. Today, large industrial and office developments have become prominent, especially at Hoofddorp and Schiphol.

The roads which traverse the commune are bordered by pleasant-looking farmhouses built after the various styles of Holland, Friesland and Brabant, reflecting the various origins of the farmers. Hoofddorp, Venneperdorp or Nieuw-Vennep, Abbenes, and the vicinities of the pumping stations are the spots where the population has clustered most densely.

In 1917 a military airport was built near the old fort of Schiphol. Nowadays, Schiphol Airport is the major civilian aviation hub in the Netherlands, using 15% of Haarlemmermeer's land area. In 1926, Amsterdam's municipal council took over the management of Schiphol. After Stockholm's airport, Schiphol was the second airport in Europe to have hardened runways, in 1937–1938. The name Schiphol means "ship hole" and refers to the many ships lost due to storms in the former lake.

In the first half of the 20th century, a number of steam railway lines were built in Haarlemmermeer; most were abandoned only a couple of decades later. On 1 January 2019, the municipality of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude merged with Haarlemmermeer.

Population centres
The municipality of Haarlemmermeer contains the following cities, towns and villages: Aalsmeerderbrug, Abbenes, Badhoevedorp, Beinsdorp, Boesingheliede, Buitenkaag, Burgerveen, Cruquius, De Hoek, Haarlemmerliede, Halfweg, Hoofddorp, 't Kabel, Leimuiderbrug, Lijnden, Lisserbroek, Nieuwe Meer, Nieuwebrug, Nieuw-Vennep, Oude Meer, Penningsveer, Rijsenhout,, Schiphol, Schiphol-Rijk, Spaarndam (partly), Spaarnwoude, Vijfhuizen, Vinkebrug, Weteringbrug, Zwaanshoek, Zwanenburg.

Monuments and parks

 * Stelling van Amsterdam – the old defense line of Amsterdam crosses the Haarlemmermeer. Plans are being made to make this entire defense line walkable, but currently it is not possible to cross the major highway A4 that goes through it. This park is accessible at various points for recreation, including the Haarlemmermeer Woods.
 * Haarlemmermeer Woods (Dutch: 'Haarlemmermeerse Bos') – the largest public park in Haarlemmermeer and site of the International garden show Floriade 2002, the park includes a large lake for swimming in the summer and a 40-meter manmade hill called Spotter's Hill. The Haarlemmermeer Woods is home to events such as horse shows and the Mysteryland music festival.
 * Museum De Cruquius – the Cruquius museum resides in one of the steam mills used to pump the Haarlemmermeer dry and is open to the public for a demonstration of the steam engine and a model of the Netherlands waterways and polders. Because the Cruquius steam engine is the largest ever built, the museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage. Behind the museum is a park.

Economy

Four airlines, TUI fly Netherlands, KLM Cityhopper, Martinair, and Transavia have their headquarters on the grounds of Schiphol Airport in Haarlemmermeer. The airline alliance SkyTeam has its offices in the World Trade Center Schiphol building on the grounds of Schiphol Airport. Schiphol Group, which operates the airport, has its head office on the airport property. Iran Air has its Netherlands sales office in the World Trade Center building. Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional offices there as well. Corendon Dutch Airlines has its head office in Lijnden, Haarlemmermeer. Lijnden also has the Amsterdam branch office of Corendon Airlines.

Also, the international organization representing air navigation service providers (air traffic controllers), Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) has its headquarters in Schiphol Airport.

At one time KLM had its head office on the grounds of Schiphol Airport. Its current head office in Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970. When Air Holland existed, its head office was in Oude Meer, Haarlemmermeer. At one time NLM CityHopper had its head office at the airport.

Roadways
One of the busiest freeways in the Netherlands, the A4 from Amsterdam to Den Haag, crosses right through Haarlemmermeer. Other freeways are the A5, from Hoofddorp to Amsterdam Sloterdijk, A9 from Alkmaar to Diemen and the A44, from Nieuw-Vennep to Wassenaar.

Calatrava bridges
In the presence of HM Queen Beatrix, in 2004 three bridges designed by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava were opened. The bridges span the main canal of the Haarlemmermeer and are named after three string instruments; Harp, Cittern, and Lute. In 2006 two of those bridges' structures already displayed clear signs of corrosion, and had to be repaired.

Aviation
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, the principal international airport of the Netherlands, is also situated in Haarlemmermeer.

Railway
Nederlandse Spoorwegen, the Dutch National Railways, serves the municipality with three stations: Hoofddorp, Nieuw-Vennep, and Schiphol Airport (which serves high speed rail as well).

There was a network of local steam railways across Harlemmermeer in the early 20th century, the Haarlemmermeer railway lines.

Water transport
The Ringvaart is an important waterway for commercial and recreational boats alike. A portion of it forms part of the sailroute from Hollands Diep to the IJsselmeer, passable for ships with masts over 6 meters tall. There is also a connection to the Kaag Lake system (Kagerplassen), which extends to Leiden and beyond.

There are several canals within Haarlemmermeer itself, the main ones are Hoofdvaart (Main Canal) and Kruisvaart (Cross Canal). But these had initially no connection to the outside waterways, meaning that goods had to be reloaded at the ring dike. In 1895 a double canal lock was built at Aalsmeer, boosting the economy. In the 1950s this lock was closed and the canals are once again no longer used for shipping.

City council
The municipal council of Haarlemmermeer consists of 39 seats, which at the 2022 municipal elections divided as follows:

 * VVD – 8 seats
 * Haarlemmermeerse Actieve Politiek (HAP) – 6 seats
 * Groenlinks – 5 seats
 * D66 – 4 seats
 * CDA – 3 seats
 * Forza! Haarlemmermeer – 3 seats
 * PvdA – 3 seats
 * Sociaal Rechts Haarlemmermeer (SRH) – 2 seats
 * ChristenUnie/SGP – 1 seat
 * Een Haarlemmermeer – 1 seat
 * Gezond Haarlemmermeer – 1 seat
 * Forum for Democracy – 1 seat
 * Belang van Nederland (BVNL) – 1 seat

National government
The Netherlands Aviation Safety Board, during its existence, had its head office in Hoofddorp in Haarlemmermeer. The Dutch Transport Safety Board, the successor agency, was established on 1 July 1999 and the Netherlands Aviation Safety Board was merged into the agency at that time.

Twin towns — sister cities
The following cities have a sister city relationship with the Haarlemmermeer municipality: To honour the relationship, three structures in Hoofddorp are named after the sister cities: The Cebu Citybridge and the Hódmezővásárhely fountain.

Notable people

 * Hendrikus Colijn (1869 in Burgerveen – 1944) a Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1925/1926 & 1933/1939
 * Gerrit Verkuyl (1872 in Haarlemmermeer – 1967) a New Testament Greek scholar and Bible Translator in the US
 * Machiel van den Heuvel (1900 in Haarlemmermeer – 1946) a Dutch army officer and Escape Officer for the Dutch POWs in Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle
 * Arnold Meijer (1905 in Haarlemmermeer – 1965) a Dutch fascist politician
 * Tom Gehrels (1925 in Haarlemmermeer – 2011) a Dutch–American astronomer and academic
 * Jan van Houwelingen (1939 in Leerdam – 2013) a Dutch politician, Mayor of Haarlemmermeer 1994/2003
 * Tineke Netelenbos (born 1944 in Wormerveer) a retired Dutch politician, Mayor of Haarlemmermeer 2006/7
 * Rick van der Linden (1946 in Badhoevedorp – 2006) a Dutch composer and keyboardist
 * Jacob Wit (1952 in Haarlemmermeer – 2024) a justice of the Caribbean Court of Justice located in Trinidad and Tobago
 * Sonja van Driel (born 1959 in Haarlemmermeer) a Dutch photographer
 * Cas Jansen (born 1977 in Badhoevedorp) a Dutch actor

Sport

 * Dirk van Foreest (1862 in Haarlemmermeer – 1956) a Dutch chess master
 * Arnold van Foreest (1863 in Haarlemmermeer – 1954) a Dutch chess master
 * Fanny Blankers-Koen (1918 in Lage Vuursche – 2004) a Dutch track and field athlete, won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics
 * Daphne Jongejans (born 1965 in Badhoevedorp) a retired female diver, participated in three consecutive Summer Olympics: 1984, 1988 and 1992
 * Hennie Dompeling (born 1966 in Haarlemmermeer) a Dutch sport shooter, competed in skeet shooting at five Olympics (1988 to 2004)
 * Edwin Jongejans (born 1966 in Amstelveen) a retired diver, competed at the 1988 and 1992 Olympics
 * Joop Stokkel (born 1967 in Aalsmeerderbrug) a Dutch Paralympian and leading equestrian
 * Michiel Bartman (born 1967 in Badhoevedorp) a former rower, gold medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics and silver medallist in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics
 * Marcel Keizer (born 1969 in Badhoevedorp) a Dutch football coach who formerly coached at clubs such as AFC Ajax and Sporting CP
 * Robert van Boxel (born 1983 in Zwanenburg) a professional footballer, over 250 club caps
 * Mitchell Donald (born in 1988 in Nieuw-Vennep) a Surinamese professional footballer who previously played for AFC Ajax
 * Renate Jansen (born 1990 in Abbenes) a Dutch female international footballer
 * Calvin Stengs (born in 1998 in Nieuw-Vennep) a Dutch professional footballer currently playing for Feyenoord
 * Sven Botman (born 2000 in Badhoevedorp) a Dutch professional footballer currently playing for Newcastle United F.C.
 * Rinus VeeKay (born 2000 in Hoofddorp) a Dutch racing driver currently driving in IndyCar for Ed Carpenter Racing
 * Déron Payne (born 2002 in Hoofddorp) a Dutch professional footballer currently playing for FC Volendam

title: Haarlemmermeer


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Harenkarspel

Harenkarspel is a former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. The main town of Harenkarspel was Tuitjenhorn. In 2013, Harenkarspel merged with Schagen and Zijpe into a new municipality, called Schagen.

Population centres
The former municipality of Harenkarspel consisted of the following towns and villages: Dirkshorn, Eenigenburg, Groenveld, Kalverdijk, Kerkbuurt, Krabbendam, 't Rijpje, Schoorldam (partly), Sint Maarten, Stroet, Tuitjenhorn, Valkkoog, Waarland, and Warmenhuizen. Warmenhuizen and Tuitjenhorn were the largest, with the town hall of Harenkarspel located in Tuitjenhorn.

Local government
The municipal council of Harenkarspel consisted of 17 seats, which at the final election in 2010 divided as follows: Elections were held in November 2012 for a council for the new merged municipal council of Schagen, which commenced work in January 2013.
 * CDA - 5 seats
 * PvdA - 4 seats
 * VVD - 4 seats
 * Algemeen Belang '89 - 2 seats
 * Harenkarspel in Beweging - 2 seats

title: Harenkarspel


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Pomme de Terre Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Pomme de Terre Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 165 at the 2000 census.

Etymology
The name Pomme de Terre is French and is transliterated "apple of the earth," which usually refers to the potato. In this case, however, it refers to the prairie turnip (Psoralea esculenta), a potato-like root vegetable which was commonly eaten by the Sioux.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (93.0 km$2$), of which 34.1 square miles (88.3 km$2$) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$2$) (5.04%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 165 people, 59 households, and 49 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.8 people per square mile (1.9/km$2$). There were 76 housing units at an average density of 2.2/sq mi (0.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 59 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.4% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.3% were non-families. 11.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $39,063, and the median income for a family was $41,875. Males had a median income of $21,964 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,792. About 4.9% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.


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Heemskerk

Heemskerk is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is located in the Kennemerland region.

Local government
As of March 2022, the municipal council of Heemskerk consists of 25 seats, which are divided as follows:

 * Heemskerk Lokaal - 9 seats
 * Liberaal Heemskerk - 3 seats
 * Democrats 66 - 3 seats
 * Green Left - 3 seats
 * People's Party for Freedom and Democracy - 3 seats
 * Labour Party - 2 seats
 * Christian Democratic Appeal - 2 seats

The CDA, Heemskerk Lokaal, Liberaal Heemskerk and D66 form the governing coalition. The mayor of Heemskerk is currently A.H.J.J. Luijten (People's Party for Freedom and Democracy).

History
It is not certain where the name of Heemskerk comes from. The town was already known during the Middle Ages. In an official deed from the year of 1063, the town was known as Hemezen Kyrica, Latinized Frisian meaning Church of Hemezen, a Frisian nun who lived in a religious house there. Heemskerk knows many historical monuments, among them the Huldtoneel (lit. the "Inaugurate Stage"), an artificial hill located near the current Rijksstraatweg, where once the Counts of Holland were inaugurated. According to tradition, the Huldtoneel was used before the Roman Era as a Germanic sanctuary. In the nineteenth century Jonkheer Gevers finally made the Huldtoneel a monument - as it is known today - and ordered passers-by to honour the monument.

Many battles have been fought in Heemskerk. Two castles - Oud Haerlem Castle and Heemskerk Castle - were built in the twelfth and thirteenth century respectively to protect the County of Holland against the West Frisians. In the fifteenth century the residents of Heemskerk fought each other during the Hook and Cod wars, in which both castles were destroyed. The Oud Haerlem castle was never rebuilt, Castle Heemskerk however was. In 1492 a rebellion by the people of Kennemerland was brutally beaten down by the Austrian conquerors, on the place where today the cemetery of the Hervormde Kerk (Reformed Church) is located. In 1610 the Castle Heemskerk was renamed to Castle Marquette and was at first the residence for many nobles and later inhabited by patricians. The last noble family that lived there were the House of Gevers. Today Castle Marquette is owned by the Spanish hotelgroup NH Hoteles and is the site of many weddings, conferences, and company courses, while the estate grounds are favoured for wedding photos.

Located on the eastside of Heemskerk is Castle Assumburg, built from the remains of Kasteel Oud Haerlem in 1546. The Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk (Dutch Reformed Church) at the Nielenplein and Kerkplein is built in 1628, but it has a tower from the Middle Ages. In the graveyard around the church is a copy of a monument dedicated to the father of painter Maarten van Heemskerck. The original is located inside the church.

Agricultural village
After the time of knights and nobles, Heemskerk remained a small, quiet village near the dunes. Its residents, who mainly worked in agriculture and keeping cattle, had good, but also some very bad times. From the time that products - mainly strawberries for the neighbouring town Beverwijk, where the fruits were sold - were brought to the market with donkeys, people from Heemskerk got the name of Donkey as a nickname and symbol.

The former town hall was built in 1911 after a design by Jan Stuyt and was raised with an additional floor in 1949. Today this is the building where Janssen's notary office is located. The Roman Catholic Laurentiuskerk, designed by architect J.H. Tonnaer, was completed in 1891 and is a rare example of a Catholic church in Holland in a neo-renaissance style. There is nothing left of other historical monuments, like Castle Oud Haerlem.

Transportation

 * Railway Station: Heemskerk

Notable residents

 * Maarten van Heemskerck (1498-1574) a Dutch portrait and religious painter
 * Nicholaas Hennemann (1813-1898) early photographer who worked with William Henry Fox Talbot
 * Rolf de Heer (born 1951) a Dutch Australian film director
 * Nico Roozen (born 1953) an economist, co-launched fairtrade Max Havelaar with Solidaridad
 * André Aptroot (born 1961) a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist
 * Sofie van den Enk (born 1980) a Dutch TV presenter
 * Bette Franke, (born 1989) a Dutch model

Sport

 * Martin van der Horst (born 1965) a retired volleyball player, team silver medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
 * Ernesto Hoost (born 1965) a retired kickboxer: four-time K-1 World Champion
 * Arthur Numan (born 1969) a retired Dutch footballer with 436 club caps
 * Juan Viedma (born 1974) a Dutch retired footballer with 232 club caps
 * Sepp Koster (born 1974) a Dutch former racing driver
 * Dennis Lens (born 1977) a Dutch former badminton player, competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics
 * Rafael van der Vaart (born 1983) primarily known as a retired footballer with 417 club caps and currently a professional darts player
 * Nick Kuipers (born 1988) a Dutch footballer with 230 club caps

title: Heemskerk


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Heemstede

Heemstede is a town and a municipality in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. In 2021, it had a population of 27,545. Located just south of the city of Haarlem on the border with South Holland, it is one of the richest municipalities of the Netherlands.

History
Heemstede formed around the Castle Heemstede that was built overlooking the Spaarne River around 1286. Before 1296, Floris V, Count of Holland, granted Heemstede as a fiefdom to Reinier of Holy. During the 14th century, a village formed near the castle, which was destroyed and rebuilt several times in this period. A resident of this castle was Adriaan Pauw, who bought it in 1620. In 1653, Bennebroek split off from Heemstede, becoming a separate fiefdom.

Growth was slow; in 1787 Heemstede counted 196 families. Even at that early date Heemstede had gained the reputation it has today, of being primarily a "bedroom community" for the cities of Haarlem and Amsterdam. Wealthy city families left the cities in the summer, escaping "canal fever" which caused illness from the putrid canals. As a result, many estates were built in the 17th and 18th centuries, some of which (partially) remain today, such as Oud-Berkenroede, Berkenrode, Ipenrode, Huis te Manpad, Hartekamp, Bosbeek, Meer en Bosch, Meer en Berg, and Gliphoeve.

In 1857, the municipality Berkenrode was merged with Heemstede. In 1927, the northern portion of Heemstede, including a large part of the Haarlem Forest, was added to the city of Haarlem.

Monuments and parks

 * Groenendaal Park: Designed by John Hope, it was formed by merging several country estates into one.
 * Vrijheidsbeeld (Freedom Statue), statue by Mari Andriessen to celebrate freedom and commemorate Heemstede victims of the Dutch Revolt. Located on the Vrijheidsdreef in Groenendaal park.
 * Slot Heemstede: The site of the former Heemstede castle.
 * Hartekamp: Heemstede summer home of George Clifford, who hired Linnaeus to write his 'Hortus Cliffortianus', a detailed catalogue of the plant specimens in the herbarium and gardens of Hartecamp. George Clifford's house is closed to the public, but the surrounding gardens are used as a campus and are open to visitors.
 * Linnaeusbos (Linnaeus Forest): Originally a part of Hartekamp that was planted by George Clifford and documented by Linnaeus. In 2007, Heemstede celebrated Linnaeus's 300th birthday.
 * De Naald: The 'needle' is a monument placed by D.J. van Lennep to honour Witte van Haemstede, the saviour of Haarlem at a battle which on 26 April 1304 and to honor the wounded of another battle fought against the Spanish on 8 July 1573. Both battles supposedly took place right at the corner of David Jacob van Lennep's house Huis te Manpad, where the monument stands.

Transport
The town is served by Heemstede-Aerdenhout railway station, which lies on the Oude Lijn between Haarlem and Leiden.

Local government
The municipal council of Heemstede consists of 21 seats, which at the 2022 municipal election were divided as follows:

 * Heemsteeds Burger Belang (HBB), 5 seats
 * VVD, 5 seats
 * D66, 4 seat
 * GroenLinks, 3 seats
 * CDA, 2 seats
 * PvdA, 2 seats

Notable residents

 * Adriaan Pauw (1585–1653) bought the town in 1621, Grand Pensionary of Holland 1631 to 1636
 * Jan Hope (1737–1784) a Dutch banker, summered in his Groenendaal Park 1767 to 1784
 * Christiaan van Pol (1752–1813) a flower painter and teacher
 * Thomas Hope (1769–1830/1831) a Dutch and British merchant banker, author, philosopher and art collector
 * Ivan Smirnov (1895–1956) a Russian WWI flying ace and naturalized Dutch aviator, lived in Heemstede 1936–1947
 * Johan Limpers (1915–1944) Dutch sculptor and WWII resistance fighter
 * Jan Knappert (1927–2005) an Esperantist and expert on the Swahili language
 * Pieter Kooijmans (1933–2013) Dutch politician, jurist and diplomat
 * Jan Gmelich Meijling (1936–2012) a Dutch politician and naval officer
 * Els Moor (1937–2016) was a Dutch-born Surinamese educator, editor and book publisher
 * Astrid Schulz (born 1939) a Dutch model and actress, Playboy Playmate of the Month in September 1964
 * Gijs Kuenen (born 1940) a Dutch microbiologist and academic
 * Mieke Bal (born 1946) a Dutch cultural theorist, video artist and academic
 * Joost Swarte (born 1947) a Dutch cartoonist and graphic designer
 * Dick Maas (born 1951) a Dutch film director, screenwriter and film producer
 * Floortje Dessing (born 1970) a Dutch radio and TV presenter, producer and travel writer
 * Thierry Baudet (born 1983) Dutch politician and leader of the Forum for Democracy
 * Julian Ras (Dutch Wikipedia) (born 2001) a Dutch actor

Sport

 * Joop van Dort (1889–1967) a footballer, team bronze medallist at the 1920 Summer Olympics
 * Roepie Kruize (1925–1992) field hockey player and coach, team bronze medallist at the 1948 Summer Olympics and team silver medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics
 * Johan Neeskens (born 1951) a Dutch former footballer with 480 club caps and manager
 * Annemieke Fokke (born 1967) a Dutch field hockey player, team bronze medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
 * Jeroen Bleekemolen (born 1981) a Dutch professional racing driver
 * Frank Korpershoek (born 1984) a Dutch professional footballer, 351 caps with SC Telstar
 * Vincent Regeling (born 1997) a Dutch professional footballer

title: Heemstede


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Roseville Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Roseville Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 154 at the 2000 census.

Roseville Township was organized in 1878, and named for the wild roses which grew there when the first settlers came.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (93.1 km$2$), of which 35.2 square miles (91.3 km$2$) is land and 0.7 square mile (1.8 km$2$) (1.89%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 154 people, 52 households, and 43 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.4 people per square mile (1.7/km$2$). There were 56 housing units at an average density of 1.6/sq mi (0.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.75% White, 1.30% Asian and 1.95% from two or more races.

There were 52 households, out of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.9% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.4% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the township the population was spread out, with 32.5% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,679, and the median income for a family was $44,375. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,117. About 8.7% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.


text:
Heerhugowaard

Heerhugowaard (West Frisian Dutch: Heerhugoweard, Heregeweard or De Weard) is a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West Friesland.

Heerhugowaard was previously a separate municipality, which merged with the former municipality of Langedijk into the new municipality of Dijk en Waard on 1 January 2022.

History
Around the year 800, the area of the modern Heerhugowaard was covered in peat fen. Because of peat-digging and storm floods many lakes developed in the region, including the Heerhugowaard. The name is derived from lord ('heer' in Dutch) Hugo van Assendelft who was killed by the West Frisians in this area in 1296. After two storms in 1248, the abbey of Egmond, which had much property in this region, built the Schagerdam at Schagen. This became part of the Westfriese Omringdijk, which protected the pentagon Schagen - Alkmaar - Medemblik - Enkhuizen - Hoorn.

Uncontrollable increase of the lake had been prevented. In the 17th century private investors decided to drain the lake to create farmland. In 1630 the polder was drained and the 39.0 km2 of land was divided among the investors. In contrast to e.g. the Beemster, the new land was poor quality, and in 1674 there was a proposal to refill the polder, as fishing would be more profitable.

A recent event in the history of Heerhugowaard was the unexpected victory of Princess Margriet at the first-ever Keegelfestival of 1961. This bowling festival was an annual event until 1984, when the organising bowling club declared bankruptcy due to financial mismanagement.

Geography
Heerhugowaard is part of the province of North-Holland and is located in the west of the Netherlands. The land reclamation of Heerhugowaard is situated 3 metres under sea level. The surrounding land is flat as it is formed of large polders. To the southwest of the city lies Alkmaar.

Topography
Map of Heerhugowaard (town), 2014.

Climate
Heerhugowaard has a cool oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), strongly influenced by its proximity to the North Sea to the west, with prevailing north-western winds and gales. Winter temperatures are cool to mild. Heerhugowaard, as well as most of North-Holland province, lies in USDA Hardiness zone 9, the northernmost such occurrence in continental Europe. Frosts mainly occur during spells of easterly or northeasterly winds from the inner European continent, from Scandinavia, Russia, or even Siberia. Even then, because Heerhugowaard is surrounded on three sides by large bodies of water, as well as enjoying a significant heat island effect, nights rarely fall below -5 °C. Summers are moderately warm but rarely hot. The average daily high in August is 23 °C.

Heerhugowaard's average annual rainfall is 871 mm, with measurable precipitation on an average of 189 days per year. Most is in the form of protracted drizzle or light rain, making cloudy and damp days common during the cooler months of October to March. Only the occasional European windstorm brings significant rain in a short period of time, requiring it to be pumped out to higher ground or to the seas around the city.

Population centres
The former municipality of Heerhugowaard consisted of the following towns, villages and/or districts: Broekhorn, Butterhuizen, De Noord, Draai, Frik, Kabel, 't Kruis, Veenhuizen, Verlaat, Oostertocht, Bomenwijk, Schilderswijk, Rivierenwijk, Edelstenenwijk, Stad van de Zon.

Expansion
Over time the population has grown. In 1960, Heerhugowaard had 6,800 inhabitants; increasing to 25,000 in 1975, 47,239 in 2004 and 48,267 in 2005. In May 2007, Heerhugowaard welcomed its 50,000th inhabitant, exceeding 58,000 by 2021. For several years in the 1970s, Heerhugowaard was the fastest growing municipality in the Netherlands. It is expected that by around 2050, Heerhugowaard will have approximately 100,000 inhabitants, although young people are moving away, so this number might never be reached.

The major part of the population lives in so-called Vinex-districts. The rural core of the North lies in the Middenwaard. The core of the south is at Stationsweg by the old church. In the polders there are small hamlets. The greater part of the town is new developments. Heerhugowaard has a number of subdivisions which were set up the same as in Almere, for example the writer district, the tree district, the planet district, and the nature area of Butterhuizen. In two of the newest districts, called Stad van de Zon I and II (= City of the Sun I and II) the energy supplies for a considerable part comes from solar energy.

Parks
The surroundings of Heerhugowaard are quite varied, including much farmland. with flower bulb fields to the east. In the mid-1980s, 61 hectares of woodland were planted, the "Waarderhout".

Shopping centre
One shopping centre in Heerhugowaard is Middenwaard, owned by real estate investment company Wereldhave. Middenwaard was built in five phases. Construction began in 1974, with the last phase completed in 2008, with renovations since then.

Middenwaard offers a large variety in stores and services, including:

Transport
Heerhugowaard has good connections. Buses go to Alkmaar, Bergen NH, Broek Op Langedijk and Ursem. Also Heerhugowaard has Interliner links. Heerhugowaard railway station is on the routes to Hoorn and Den Helder, Alkmaar - Amsterdam - Nijmegen, and Alkmaar - Haarlem - The Hague. Heerhugowaard is on the N242, the N508 and N507 roads.

Government
The former municipal council of Heerhugowaard consisted of 31 seats, which were divided as follows: ''* = separation of Burgerbelang

Elections were held in November 2021 for the newly merged municipality of Dijk en Waard, that included Heerhugowaard, which commenced work in January 2022.

Sister cities
Heerhugowaard has one sister city:

Notable people

 * Theodorus Dekker (1927 – 2021) a Dutch mathematician who developed Dekker's algorithm

Sport

 * Rudi Lubbers (born 1945) a retired Dutch boxer who competed at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics
 * Monique van der Lee (born 1973) a former Dutch judoka, competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics
 * Anousjka van Exel (born 1974) a Dutch former tennis player
 * Arvid Smit (born 1980) a football coach and former professional footballer with 224 club caps
 * Stefanie van der Gragt (born 1992) a Dutch footballer
 * Tess Wester (born 1993) a Dutch handballer who plays as goalkeeper for Odense Håndbold and the Dutch national team

title: Heerhugowaard


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Heiloo

Heiloo is a municipality and town in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. The community is part of the cooperation region Kennemerland and is located in the historical region of West Friesland. Heiloo had a population of 0 in.

Origins of the name
Heiloo (from the Dutch heilige loo, "sacred forest") was given its name because Saint Willibrord was said to have performed a miracle there around 690 and created a church on a small hill.

Notable attractions
It has a town hall dating from 1926 and a church from the 12th century known as the Witte Kerk. In the late Middle Ages a Marian shrine came into being for Our Lady to Need (Onze Lieve Vrouwe ter Nood). The chapel was partially destroyed in 1573 during the Spanish Siege of Alkmaar, and it was completely demolished in 1637. Before it was razed to the ground, the Alkmaar painter [https://rkd.nl/nl/explore/images/1812 Gerrit Pietersz. de Jongh] depicted a family on a pilgrimage at the ruins of the single wall left remaining after the siege. Pilgrimage started to flourish again in 1713 when a spring started to sprout where the chapel had stood. The Marian sanctuary, situated outside the village in a so-called procession park, is one of the major pilgrimage destinations in the Netherlands, attracting pilgrims mainly from the diocese of Haarlem-Amsterdam. In the 1950s and 1960s the population grew quickly as many residents of Amsterdam moved to the area. Many residents work and attend school in the neighbouring city of Alkmaar.

Sporting clubs

 * FCC Boscrossers – The local BMX club has produced 5 World Champions, 4 European Champions and many National Champions. The 2013 17-24-year-old Double World Champion for 20" and Cruiser Class was Robin Van Der Kolk, who won both titles in Auckland New Zealand.
 * AV Trias – The local athletics club has produced 2 Olympic athletes, Lisanne de Witte and Laura de Witte.

Local government
The municipal council of Heiloo consists of 19 seats, which at the 2022 municipal elections divided as follows:

 * Heiloo 2000 – 5 seats
 * VVD – 3 seats
 * PvdA – 3 seats
 * D66 – 3 seats
 * CDA – 2 seats
 * Local Interest Heiloo (Gemeentebelangen) – 2 seats
 * Heiloo Local – 1 seat

Current mayor: Mascha ten Bruggencate (D66).

Railway connections
Connections from Heiloo railway station include: Alkmaar, Hoorn, Uitgeest, Zaandam, Amsterdam, Utrecht, 's-Hertogenbosch, Eindhoven, The Hague, Weert, Roermond, Maastricht and Heerlen.

Until October 2013 there was a second stop on the railway line between Heiloo and Limmen, used once a month to bring pilgrims to the nearby chapel. The name of both station and chapel was 'Onze lieve vrouwe ter nood' or 'Our Lady to Need'; the station was known as Runxputte until 1914. One of the platforms was demolished in 1997 for safety reasons.

Notable residents

 * Cornelis Ouwehand (1920-1996) anthropologist and a scholar of Japanese folklore
 * Jos van Kemenade (1937–2020) politician and sociologist
 * Jos Brink (1942–2007), television and theater personality
 * Guus Janssen (born 1951), composer and pianist
 * Jacques Zoon (born 1961), flautist
 * Maarten van Roozendaal (1962–2013) a Dutch singer, comedian and songwriter
 * Lars Oostveen (born 1976) stage name Lawrence Ray, is a Dutch presenter, producer and actor

Sport

 * Ron Zwerver (born 1967) a retired volleyball player, competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics
 * Michael Duursma (born 1978), baseball player
 * Laura de Witte (born 1995), sprinter
 * Joris Kramer (born 1996) a Dutch footballer with over 100 club caps
 * Thomas Ouwejan (born 1996) Dutch footballer currently playing for Schalke 04

title: Heiloo


text:
Sanford Township, Grant County, Minnesota

Sanford Township is a township in Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 169 at the 2000 census.

Sanford Township was organized in 1882, and named for Henry F. Sanford, a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.2 square miles (88.4 km$2$), of which 32.1 square miles (83.2 km$2$) is land and 2.0 square miles (5.2 km$2$) (5.92%) is water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 169 people, 59 households and 52 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.3 per square mile (2.0/km$2$). There were 64 housing units at an average density of 2.0/sq mi (0.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.82% White, 0.59% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 59 households, of which 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.4% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.2% were non-families. 10.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.08.

30.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.7 males.

The median household income was $45,417 and the median family income was $48,750. Males had a median income of $33,125 compared with $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,169. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.