text:
Speed (1994 film)

Speed is a 1994 American action thriller film directed by Jan de Bont (in his feature directorial debut) from a screenplay by Graham Yost, and starring Keanu Reeves, Dennis Hopper, Sandra Bullock, Joe Morton, and Jeff Daniels. It revolves around a bus that is rigged by an extortionist to explode if its speed falls below 50 miles per hour (80 km/h or 22.35 m/s).

The film premiered in Hollywood on June 7, 1994, and was released in the rest of the United States on June 10, 1994. It became critically and commercially successful, grossing $350.4 million on a $30–37 million budget, becoming the fifth-highest-grossing film of 1994 and winning two Academy Awards for Best Sound Effects Editing and Best Sound. Since its release, Speed has been regarded as one of the best action films of the 1990s. It solidified Reeves as an action film leading man and Bullock as a Hollywood leading actress. A sequel, Speed 2: Cruise Control which fared worse critically and commercially, was released three years later on June 13, 1997, without Reeves's involvement, and with Bullock in the lead role. It has gone down as one of the worst sequels ever made.

Plot
LAPD SWAT officers Jack Traven and Harry Temple thwart an attempt to bomb an elevator filled with people for a $3 million ransom by an extortionist bomber. As they corner the bomber, he takes Harry hostage. Jack shoots Harry in the leg, forcing the bomber to release him. The bomber flees and detonates the bomb, seemingly killing himself. Jack and Harry are praised by Lieutenant "Mac" McMahon; Harry is promoted to Detective and both partners receive a medal. Having survived the incident, however, the bomber watches from TV. The next morning, a mass transit bus explodes from another bomb planted by the bomber. Contacting Jack, he explains that a third bomb is rigged on a different bus, which will arm once it reaches 50 mph and detonate if it drops below 50.

The bomber also demands an updated ransom of $3.7 million and threatens to remote detonate the explosive if any passengers are offloaded. Jack races through freeway traffic and boards the bus, but the bomb is already armed. A felon on board, fearing Jack is about to arrest him, wildly discharges his gun, accidentally wounding Sam Silver, the bus driver. Another passenger, Annie Porter, takes over for Sam. When she tries to slow down so he can get help, Jack is forced to reveal the bomb to the passengers. Jack examines the bomb underneath the bus and calls Harry. The bus is cleared to drive on an unopened freeway section. Mac demands that they offload the passengers onto a flatbed trailer, but Jack warns him about the bomber's threat.

The bomber then calls Jack again. While being convinced to allow Sam to be offloaded for medical attention, the bomber detonates a smaller bomb after witnessing a passenger attempt to get off, killing her. When Jack learns part of the freeway is incomplete, he persuades Annie to accelerate so they can jump the gap. After narrowly succeeding, he directs her to Los Angeles International Airport, which has unobstructed runways. Meanwhile, Harry finds out the bomber is an Atlanta PD bomb squad officer named Howard Payne. Harry leads a SWAT team to Payne's home, but the property explodes, killing him and most of his team. In a last-ditch attempt to defuse the bomb, Jack goes under the bus on a towed sled, but when its tow line breaks from road debris, he accidentally punctures the fuel tank.

After the passengers grab him back aboard, Jack learns that Payne has been watching the passengers on a hidden surveillance camera, allowing him to be one step ahead at every moment. Mac has a local news crew record the transmission and rebroadcasts it in a loop to fool Payne while the passengers are offloaded onto an airport bus. Jack and Annie escape through a floor access panel before the empty bus collides with a Boeing 707 cargo plane and explodes. Jack and Mac head to Pershing Square to drop the ransom. Realizing that he has been fooled by the looped recording and that the LAPD are waiting for him, a furious Payne poses as a police officer to kidnap Annie and recover the ransom. Jack follows Payne into the Metro Red Line subway, and discovers that Annie has been fitted with an explosive vest rigged to a pressure-release detonator.

Payne hijacks a subway train, handcuffs Annie to a pole, and sets the train in motion while Jack pursues them. After shooting the controls and killing the train driver, Payne attempts a bribe with the money, but is enraged when a dye pack in the bag explodes, tainting the cash. A crazed Payne battles Jack on the train's roof and gains the upper hand, trying to strangle him. However, Jack pushes Payne's head up, and he is decapitated by an oncoming railway signal.

Jack deactivates Annie's vest, but Payne has the key and thus he cannot free her from the pole. Unable to slow the train since Payne shot the control panel, Jack accelerates it to jump the tracks; the train plows through a construction site and bursts onto Hollywood Boulevard and comes to a halt on the street. Unharmed, Jack and Annie share a kiss while a crowd looks on in amazement.

Writing
Screenwriter Graham Yost was told by his father, Canadian television host Elwy Yost, about a 1985 film called Runaway Train starring Jon Voight, about a train that speeds out of control. The film was based on a 1963 concept by Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa. Elwy mistakenly believed that the train's situation was due to a bomb on board. (Such a theme had in fact been used in a 1975 Japanese film, The Bullet Train.) After seeing the Voight film, Graham decided that it would have been better if there had been a bomb on board a bus with the bus being forced to travel at 20 mph to prevent an actual explosion. A friend suggested that this be increased to 50 mph. The film's end was inspired by the end of the 1976 film Silver Streak. Yost had initially named the film Minimum Speed reflecting on the plot element of the bus being unable to drop below a speed. He realized that using "minimum" would immediately apply a negative connotation to the title, and simply renamed it to Speed.

Yost's initial script would have the film completely occur on the bus; there was no elevator or subway scene, the bus would have driven around Dodger Stadium due to the ability to drive around in circles, and would have culminated with the bus running into the Hollywood Sign and destroying it. Upon finishing the script, Yost took his idea to Paramount Pictures, which expressed interest in green-lighting the film and chose John McTiernan to direct due to his blockbuster films Predator, Die Hard, and The Hunt for Red October. However, McTiernan eventually declined to do so, feeling the script was too much of a Die Hard retread, and suggested Jan De Bont, who agreed to direct because he had the experience of being the director of photography for action movies, including McTiernan's Die Hard and The Hunt for Red October. Michael Bay wanted to direct the film. Despite a promising script, Paramount passed on the project, feeling audiences would not want to see a movie which takes place for two hours on a bus, so De Bont and Yost then took the project to 20th Century Fox which also distributed Die Hard. Fox agreed to green-light the project on the condition there were action sequences in the film other than the bus. De Bont then suggested starting the film off with the bomb on an elevator in an office building, as he had an experience of being trapped in an elevator while working on Die Hard. Yost used the opening elevator scene to establish Traven as being clever enough to overcome the villain, comparable to Perseus tricking Medusa into looking at her own reflection. Yost then decided to conclude the film on a subway train to have a final plot twist not involving the action on the bus. Fox then immediately approved the project.

In preparing the shooting script, one unnamed author had revised Yost's script in a manner that Yost had called "terrible". Yost spent three days "reconfiguring" this draft. Jan de Bont brought in Joss Whedon a week before principal photography started to work on the script. According to Yost: "Joss Whedon wrote 98.9 percent of the dialogue. We were very much in sync, it's just that I didn't write the dialogue as well as he did." One of Whedon's contributions was reworking Traven's character once Keanu Reeves was cast. Reeves did not like how the Jack Traven character came across in Yost's original screenplay. He felt that there were "situations set up for one-liners and I felt it was forced—Die Hard mixed with some kind of screwball comedy." With Reeves' input, Whedon changed Traven from being "a maverick hotshot" to "the polite guy trying not to get anybody killed," and removed the character's glib dialogue and made him more earnest.

Yost also gave Whedon credit for the "Pop quiz, hotshot" line. Another of Whedon's contributions was changing the character of Doug Stephens (Alan Ruck) from a lawyer ("a bad guy and he died", according to the writer) to a tourist, "just a nice, totally out-of-his-depth guy". Whedon worked predominantly on the dialogue, but also created a few significant plot points, like the killing of Harry Temple. Yost had originally planned for Temple to be the villain of the story, as he felt that having an off-screen antagonist would not be interesting. However, Yost recognized that there was a lot of work in the script to establish Temple as this villain. When Dennis Hopper was cast as Howard Payne, Yost recognized that Hopper's Payne readily worked as a villain, allowing them to rewrite Temple to be non-complicit in the bomb situation.

Casting
Jeff Speakman was originally attached to star in Speed when the project was under Paramount's management, but was dropped from the project when it was sold to 20th Century Fox. Stephen Baldwin, the first choice for the role of Jack Traven, declined the offer because he felt the character (as written in the earlier version of the script) was too much like the John McClane character from Die Hard. According to Yost, they had also considered Tom Cruise, Tom Hanks, Wesley Snipes, and Woody Harrelson. Director Jan de Bont ultimately chose Keanu Reeves to play Jack Traven after seeing him in Point Break. He felt that the actor was "vulnerable on the screen. He's not threatening to men because he's not that bulky, and he looks great to women". Reeves had dealt with the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) before on Point Break, and said he noted their strong concern for human life, which he incorporated into Traven. The director did not want Traven to have long hair and wanted the character "to look strong and in control of himself". To that end, Reeves shaved his head almost completely. The director remembers, "everyone at the studio was scared shitless when they first saw it. There was only like a millimeter. What you see in the movie is actually grown in". Reeves also spent two months at Gold's Gym in Los Angeles to get in shape for the role.

For the character of Annie, Yost said that they initially wrote the character as African American and as a paramedic as to justify how she would be able to handle driving a speeding bus through traffic. The role was offered to Halle Berry but she declined the part. Berry would later regret the decision. Later, the character had then been changed to a driver's education teacher, and made the character more of a comic-relief sidekick to Jack, with Ellen DeGeneres in mind for the part. Instead, Annie became both Jack's sidekick and later love interest, leading to the casting of Sandra Bullock. Sandra Bullock came to read for Speed with Reeves to make sure there was the right chemistry between the two actors. She recalls that they had to do "all these really physical scenes together, rolling around on the floor and stuff." Meryl Streep and Kim Basinger were also offered the role of Annie but both declined. Anne Heche was offered the opportunity to consider the role.

Filming
Principal photography began on September 7, 1993, and completed on December 23, 1993, in Los Angeles. De Bont used an 80-foot model of a 50-story elevator shaft for the opening sequence. While Speed was in production, actor and Reeves's close friend River Phoenix died. Immediately after Phoenix died, de Bont changed the shooting schedule to work around Reeves and decided to give him scenes that were easier to do. "It got to him emotionally. He became very quiet, and it took him quite a while to work it out by himself and calm down. It scared the hell out of him", de Bont recalls. Initially, Reeves was nervous about the film's many action sequences, downright saying to de Bont "Oh, I'm not an action hero. I don't like it. I don't know how to do it.", which de Bont actually thought as an advantage feeling that the actor, like his character, "happened to be thrown into a situation that is not normal to him". As the shooting progressed, he became more involved with the stunts. He wanted to do the stunt in which Traven jumps from a Jaguar onto the bus himself, and rehearsed it in secret after de Bont disapproved. On the day of the sequence, Reeves did the stunt himself, terrifying de Bont in the process.

Eleven GM New Look buses (TDH-5303) and three Grumman 870 buses were used in the film's production. Two of them were blown up, one was used for the high-speed scenes, one had the front cut off for inside shots, and one was used solely for the "under bus" shots. Another bus was used for the bus jump scene, which was done in one take. The buses were painted in livery and colors approximating those of the Big Blue Bus serving Santa Monica, although the transit agency (Santa Monica Intercity Lines) and route (33 Downtown) were fictionalized for the film. One of the buses used for filming was sold at auction for US$102000 in 2018.

Many of the film's freeway scenes were filmed on California's Interstate 105 and Interstate 110 at the stack interchange known today as the Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange, which was not officially open at the time of filming. While scouting this location, De Bont noticed big sections of road missing and told screenwriter Graham Yost to add the bus jump over the unfinished freeway to the script. In the scene in which the bus must jump across a gap in an uncompleted elevated freeway-to-freeway ramp while still under construction, a ramp was used to give the bus the necessary lift off so that it could jump the full fifty feet. The bus used in the jump was empty except for the driver, who wore a shock-absorbing harness that suspended him mid-air above the seat, so he could handle the jolt on landing, and avoid spinal injury (as was the case for many stuntmen in previous years that were handling similar stunts). The highway section the bus jumped over is the directional ramp from I-105 WB to I-110 NB (not the HOV ramp from I-110 SB to I-105 WB as commonly believed), and as the flyover was already constructed, a gap was added in the editing process using computer-generated imagery with the help of Sony Pictures Imageworks. A 2009 episode of MythBusters attempted to recreate the bus jump as proposed, including the various tricks that they knew were used by the filmmakers such as the ramp, and proved that the jump, as in the film, would never have been possible.

On a commentary track on the region 1 DVD, De Bont reports that the bus jump stunt did not go as planned. To do the jump, the bus had everything possible removed to make it lighter. On the first try the stunt driver missed the ramp and crashed the bus, making it unusable. This was not reported to the studio at the time. A second bus was prepared and two days later a second attempt was successful. But, again, things did not go as intended. Advised that the bus would only go about 20 feet, the director placed one of his multiple cameras in a position that was supposed to capture the bus landing. However, the bus traveled much farther airborne than anyone had thought possible. It crashed down on top of the camera and destroyed it. Luckily, another camera placed about 90 feet from the jump ramp recorded the event.

Filming of the final scenes occurred at Mojave Airport, which doubled for Los Angeles International Airport. The shots of the LACMTA Metro Red Line through the construction zone were shot using an 1/8 scale model of the Metro Red Line, except for the jump when it derailed.

The MD520N helicopter used throughout the film, registration N599DB, Serial LN024, was sold to the Calgary Police Service in 1995, where it was in use until 2006; it was then sold to a private owner.

Box office
Speed was released on June 10, 1994, in 2,138 theaters in the United States and Canada, and debuted at the number one position above The Flintstones and City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold, grossing $14.5 million on its opening weekend. It set opening records for Fox in Brazil with a gross of $669,725 and in South Africa with a gross of $267,140. The film stayed in the number 1 spot for a week before being taken by Wolf. For its second weekend, it generated a total gross of $12.9 million. When The Lion King debuted on its third weekend, Speed continued to remain in second place. It spent eight consecutive weeks at number one in Australia and ten in Japan. The film grossed $121.3 million in the United States and Canada and $229.2 million internationally for a worldwide total of $350.5 million, well above its $30–37 million production budget. It would remain as Sandra Bullock's highest-grossing film until 2013 when Gravity surpassed it.

Critical response
Speed received rave reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 95% based on 73 reviews, with an average rating of 8.10/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "A terrific popcorn thriller, Speed is taut, tense, and energetic, with outstanding performances from Keanu Reeves, Dennis Hopper, and Sandra Bullock." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars and wrote, "Films like Speed belong to the genre I call Bruised Forearm Movies, because you're always grabbing the arm of the person sitting next to you. Done wrong, they seem like tired replays of old chase cliches. Done well, they're fun. Done as well as Speed, they generate a kind of manic exhilaration". Ebert also praised Hopper as "certainly the creepiest villain in the movies right now" and lauded Reeves's transition into a believable action star, after his earlier roles as "dreamy, sensitive characters". In his review for Rolling Stone magazine, Peter Travers wrote, "Action flicks are usually written off as a debased genre, unless, of course, they work. And Speed works like a charm. It's a reminder of how much movie escapism can still stir us when it's dished out with this kind of dazzle". In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin wrote, "Mr. Hopper finds nice new ways to convey crazy menace with each new role. Certainly, he's the most colorful figure in a film that wastes no time on character development or personality". Entertainment Weekly gave the film an "A" rating and Owen Gleiberman wrote, "It's a pleasure to be in the hands of an action filmmaker who respects the audience. De Bont's craftsmanship is so supple that even the triple ending feels justified, like the cataclysmic final stage of a Sega death match". Time magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, "The movie has two virtues essential to good pop thrillers. First, it plugs uncomplicatedly into lurking anxieties—in this case the ones we brush aside when we daily surrender ourselves to mass transit in a world where the loonies are everywhere". Filmmaker Quentin Tarantino named the film one of the twenty best films he had seen from 1992 to 2009.

Entertainment Weekly magazine's Owen Gleiberman ranked Speed as 1994's eighth best film. The magazine also ranked the film eighth on their "The Best Rock-'em, Sock-'em Movies of the Past 25 Years" list. Speed also ranks 451 on Empire magazine's 2008 list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time".

Mark Kermode of the BBC recalled having named Speed his film of the month working at Radio 1 at the time of release, and stated in 2017, having re-watched the film for the first time in many years, that it had stood the test of time and was a masterpiece.

Home media

 * On November 15, 1994, Fox Video released Speed on VHS and LaserDisc formats for the first time. Rental and video sales did very well and helped the film's domestic gross. The original VHS cassette was only available in standard 4:3 TV format at the time.
 * On August 20, 1996, Fox Video re-released a VHS version of the film in widescreen alongside True Lies, The Abyss and The Last of the Mohicans, allowing the viewer to see the film in a similar format to its theatrical release.
 * On November 3, 1998, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released Speed on DVD for the first time. The DVD contains the film in widescreen format but only has the film's theatrical trailer.
 * A special collector's edition DVD was released on July 30, 2002, as part of Fox Home Entertainment's "Five-Star Collection" series. This THX certified DVD release included two commentaries (one with director Jan De Bont and another with writer Graham Yost and producer Mark Gordon), a DTS 5.1 audio track and various behind-the-scenes featurettes. Other special features included trailers, deleted scenes, galleries and a music video. This edition was re-released as part of Fox Home's "Award Series" on February 7, 2006.
 * A Blu-ray Disc edition was released on November 14, 2006, being part of the first wave releases on the format from 20th Century Fox. This edition includes the two commentaries from the special collector's edition, a trivia track, the theatrical trailer and an interactive game.
 * 20th Century Studios and Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Ultra HD Blu-ray on May 4, 2021. This edition retains the commentaries and most of the special features from the 2002 special collector's edition.

Year-end lists

 * 7th – Mack Bates, The Milwaukee Journal
 * 7th – John Hurley, Staten Island Advance
 * 9th – David Stupich, The Milwaukee Journal
 * 9th – Joan Vadeboncoeur, Syracuse Herald American
 * 9th – Michael Mills, The Palm Beach Post
 * 9th – Dan Craft, The Pantagraph
 * 9th – Christopher Sheid, The Munster Times
 * 10th – Bob Strauss, Los Angeles Daily News
 * 10th – Robert Denerstein, Rocky Mountain News
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Matt Zoller Seitz, Dallas Observer
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – William Arnold, Seattle Post-Intelligencer
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Eleanor Ringel, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Steve Murray, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Jeff Simon, The Buffalo News
 * Top 10 (not ranked) – Bob Carlton, The Birmingham News
 * Best "sleepers" (not ranked) – Dennis King, Tulsa World
 * "The second 10" (not ranked) – Sean P. Means, The Salt Lake Tribune
 * Top 3 Runner-ups (not ranked) – Sandi Davis, The Oklahoman
 * Honorable mention – Mike Clark, USA Today
 * Honorable mention – Betsy Pickle, Knoxville News-Sentinel
 * Honorable mention – Duane Dudek, Milwaukee Sentinel
 * Honorable mention ("until the subway") – David Elliott, The San Diego Union-Tribune
 * Dishonorable mention – Glenn Lovell, San Jose Mercury News

Awards
American Film Institute recognition:
 * 100 Years...100 Thrills: No. 99
 * 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
 * Jack Traven & Annie Porter - Nominated Heroes
 * Howard Payne - Nominated Villain

Soundtrack
A soundtrack album featuring "songs from and inspired by" the film was released on June 28, 1994, with the following tracks. The soundtrack was commercially successful in Japan, being certified gold by the RIAJ in 2002.

Score
In addition to the soundtrack release, a separate album featuring 40 minutes of Mark Mancina's score from the film was released on August 30, 1994, by 20th Century Fox Film Scores.

La-La Land Records and Fox Music released a limited expanded version of Mark Mancina's score on February 28, 2012. The newly remastered release features 69:25 of music spread over 32 tracks (in chronological order). In addition, it includes the song "Speed" by Billy Idol.

Sequel
In June 1997, a sequel, Speed 2: Cruise Control, was released to negative reviews and disappointing box-office. Sandra Bullock agreed to star again as Annie, for financial backing for another project, but Keanu Reeves declined the offer to return as Jack. As a result, Jason Patric was written into the story as Alex Shaw, Annie's new boyfriend, with her and Jack having broken up due to her worry about Jack's dangerous lifestyle. Willem Dafoe starred as the film's villain John Geiger, and Glenn Plummer (who played Reeves's character's carjacking victim) also cameos as the same character, this time driving a boat that Alex takes control of. The film is considered one of the worst sequels of all time, scoring only 4% (based on 71 reviews) on Rotten Tomatoes.

Legacy

 * MythBusters' 2009 season tested the real-world viability of the film's bus jump scene.
 * The film is parodied in the UK Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted, in the episode "Speed 3", where Father Dougal drives a booby-trapped milk float that will explode if its speed falls below 4 mph.
 * In The Simpsons episode "The Springfield Files", the film is cited by Homer Simpson as the inspiration for his idea to use old CCTV footage to allow him and his friends to go drinking, though he believes it is called The Bus That Couldn't Slow Down.
 * A hidden mission in Grand Theft Auto features the player having to drive a bus at speed, with the vehicle exploding in the event that it slows down too much.
 * Mission "Publicity Tour" from Grand Theft Auto: Vice City was inspired by the movie. Also, a character named Steve Scott was voiced by Dennis Hopper.
 * A clip of Speed is seen in the 2020 live-action/CGI film Sonic the Hedgehog, which the title character considers one of his favorite action films and even quotes some lines from the film.
 * In the 2018 video game Spider-Man, Spider-Man can mention that a crime committed by the Demon Gang involving an armed bomb inside of a truck is similar to the plot of the film. In the voice line, he attempts to recall the name of the film, suggesting "Fastness" and "Super Quick".
 * In 2018, the vehicle simulator BeamNG.drive released an update featuring a new campaign titled "Hustle and Bustle" inspired by the movie. The bomb detonates when the bus is driven with a speed under 55km/h for more than 10 seconds.
 * A sequence in the 1997 anime film Detective Conan: The Time-Bombed Skyscraper involves a train on the city's "loop line" being threatened by bombs that will detonate should the speed of the train go under 60 kmph. The bombs are revealed to have sensors that react to sunlight, so each time a train passes over one at full speed, it does so with just enough time to reset the bombs countdown timers.

title: Speed (1994 film)


text:
National trust

A national trust is an organisation dedicated to preserving the cultural heritage of a particular geographic region. Although the focus of a national trust may vary by region, the principal role is to ensure the preservation of historically significant items, and to conserve areas of natural beauty. National trusts generally operate as private non-profit organisations. The first such trust organisation, The Trustees of Reservations, originated in 1890 as a regional group serving the state of Massachusetts, USA. The first on a national level, the National Trust, was founded in England in 1895 and operates as a charitable organisation serving England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Other national trusts have since been set up around the world.

In 2007 the International National Trusts Organisation (INTO) was established at a gathering in New Delhi, India, with a mandate to support collaboration and best practices among national trusts and similar associations. It has member organisations from over 50 countries.

List of national trusts
A partial list of national trusts and similar organisations:

 * Acting for Future Generations (Senegal)
 * Addis Woubet (Ethiopia)
 * African Union of Conservationists (Uganda)
 * Amenity 2000 Association Japan (Japan)
 * An Taisce – The National Trust for Ireland (Ireland)
 * Associação para a constituição da Fundação Nacional para a conservação do Património Português (Portugal)
 * Badan Warisan Malaysia (Heritage of Malaysia Trust) (Malaysia)
 * Bahamas National Trust (Bahamas)
 * Barbados National Trust (Barbados)
 * Bermuda National Trust (Bermuda)
 * Calcutta Tercentenary Trust (India)
 * Centre for Heritage Development in Africa (Kenya)
 * Conservation Trust, South Africa (South Africa)
 * Conservatoire du Littoral (France)
 * Cross Cultural Foundation Uganda (Uganda)
 * Czech National Trust o.p.s. (Czech Republic)
 * Din l-Art Ħelwa (Malta)
 * Environmental Friends Society (Bahrain)
 * Europa Nostra (Europe)
 * Falkland Islands Museum and National Trust (Falkland Islands)
 * Faroe Islands National Trust
 * Fiji National Trust (Fiji)
 * Fondo Ambiente Italiano (Italy)
 * Friends of Czech Heritage (Czech Republic)
 * Gelderland Trust for Historic Houses and Natural Landscape (Netherlands)
 * Grenada National Trust (Grenada)
 * Haiti National Trust (Haiti)
 * Herita (Belgium)
 * Heritage Canada The National Trust/La Fiducie nationale (Canada)
 * The Land Conservancy of British Columbia (British Columbia, Canada)
 * National Trust for Land and Culture (B.C.) Society (British Columbia, Canada)
 * Ontario Heritage Trust (Ontario, Canada)
 * Tantramar Heritage Trust (New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada)
 * Heritage New Zealand (New Zealand)
 * Hout Bay Heritage Trust/Cape of Good Hope Living Heritage (South Africa)
 * Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (India)
 * Indian Trust for Rural Heritage and Development (India)
 * Indonesian Heritage Trust (Indonesia)
 * International Centre for the Roerichs (Russia)
 * Japan National Trust (Japan)
 * Korean National Trust for Cultural Heritage (South Korea)
 * Malta Nature Trust (Malta)
 * Manx National Trust (Isle of Man)
 * Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism
 * Montserrat National Trust (Montserrat)
 * Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments (Norway)
 * National Centre for Heritage Trusteeship (Russia)
 * National Nature Trust (Korea)
 * National Trust Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
 * National Trust for Historic Preservation (United States)
 * National Trust Community Investment Corporation (United States)
 * National Trust for Jersey (Jersey)
 * National Trust (England, Wales and Northern Ireland)
 * National Trust for Scotland (Scotland)
 * National Trust for the Cayman Islands (Cayman Islands)
 * National Trust of Australia (Australia)
 * National Trust of Australia (Victoria) (Australia)
 * National Trust of Queensland (Australia)
 * National Trust of South Australia (Australia)
 * National Trust of Western Australia (Australia)
 * National Trust of Fiji (Fiji)
 * National Trust of Guernsey (Guernsey)
 * National Trust of Guyana (Guyana)
 * National Trust of Korea (South Korea)
 * National Trust of Slovakia (Slovakia)
 * National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago)
 * National Trust of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)
 * Queen Elizabeth II National Trust (New Zealand)
 * Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation (China)
 * Saint Helena National Trust (St Helena)
 * Saint Lucia National Trust (St Lucia)
 * Siam Society (Thailand)
 * Sumatra Heritage Trust (Indonesia)
 * TARA Trust for African Rock Art (Kenya)
 * Taiwan Environmental Information Association (Taiwan)
 * Taiwan National Trust (Taiwan)
 * Tesouros de Galicia (Spain)
 * The Trustees of Reservations (Massachusetts, USA)
 * Union Rempart (France)
 * Zanzibar Stone Town Heritage Society (Tanzania)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: National trust


text:
Talk:National Trusts worldwide

Moving this to National Trust talk page. Abtract (talk) 23:18, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Trusts worldwide


text:
User talk:Olrick

Hello there Olrick, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Cheers! --maveric149

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer be able to have them marked as minor by default. For more information on what a minor edit is, see WP:MINOR or feel to get in touch.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 21:14, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Olrick


text:
User talk:Octal~enwiki

Hello there, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Cheers! --maveric149

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Octal. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Octal~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:12, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:09, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Octal~enwiki


text:
User talk:A Olympia~enwiki

Hello there, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Cheers! --maveric149

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called A Olympia. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name A Olympia~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:29, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:07, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:A Olympia~enwiki


text: User:Kickaha~enwiki

title: User:Kickaha~enwiki


text:
User talk:Kickaha~enwiki

Hello there Kickaha, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Cheers! --maveric149

Sundance Bilson-Thompson
Hi, thanks for your note. I think I was premature in deleting the article, and didn't realize the discussion around his work. I've undeleted it. Thanks for bringing it to my attention -- Samir 05:37, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Kickaha. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Kickaha~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:08, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:58, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kickaha~enwiki


title: User:Gaijin99


text:
User talk:Gaijin99

Hello there Gaijin99, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Cheers! --maveric149

title: User talk:Gaijin99


text:
Talk:Looney Tunes

Relationship between Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies
The Merrie Melodies article (opening section) refers to Looney Tunes as a parent series, while the Looney Tunes article (opening section) refers to Merrie Melodies as a sister series. Which is more accurate? In the absence of such thing as some sort of series incest, these relationships apparently contradict.

2warped@gmail.com 71.238.46.250 (talk) 03:40, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

 * "Sister series" is correct for the historical context of the shorts series, "parent" is more correct as far as branding is considered today. The lead has been fixed to reflect this. --FuriousFreddy (talk) 01:48, 7 July 2021 (UTC)

Proposed merge with The Looney Tunes Show (2002 TV series)
Article contains no useful info and it was just a reruns of the original series/ JDDJS (talk) 14:37, 30 August 2014 (UTC)

good idea 13jospin (talk) 10:44, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Removal of The Martian Queen content
In these sets of edits user  added content about a Martian Queen character. I feel this content is clunky and distracts from the scope of the paragraph, which is to present a quick prose list of various Looney Tunes series. I also don't think the parentheticals that indicate who "stars" in the series is useful and it invites more additions like the Martian Queen. For this reason (which I explained in my original edit summary I am removing the content again. If the paragraph were specifically about Duck Dodgers, it would make more sense to mention the Martian Queen, but that is not what the paragraph intends to cover. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 18:10, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I don't see what the problem is. She's another looney tunes character and thought it'd be nice to give her some recognition - 18:15, 16 September 2014 (UTC) user

 * We don't give "recognition" to characters; information shouldn't be gratuitously included. If there is a logical reason for writing about a character in a paragraph that is focused on the different series, you haven't yet explained it. The focus of the paragraph isn't "characters in Looney Tunes shows" or "new characters introduced in Looney Tunes shows". Thus, I find it an unnecessary inclusion, especially when stuffed into a parenthetical. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 19:39, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

Roger Rabbit an epic?
Does Who Framed Roger Rabbit qualify as an epic film? While I enjoyed the film I don't think it has particularly "large scale, sweeping scope and spectacle". — Preceding unsigned comment added by CryptographicallyInsecure (talk • contribs) 22:16, 17 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi, I don't think it's the correct way to describe the film. I changed epic to film. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 14:43, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

Question about the Looney Tunes article
Why was it reverted back to the previous one? The Merrie Melodies article still mentions the one-off 1988 revival, so why can't this article mention the 1987 to present revival? 24.180.56.157 (talk) 22:20, 3 August 2015 (UTC)

Also, the last pre-revival Looney Tunes short ended in 1969, not 1970. 24.180.56.157 (talk) 22:26, 3 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Looney Tunes. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.davemackey.com/animation/wb/fieldguide.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://geocities.com/argussventon/cartoondistributors/aap/aap.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:09, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Looney Tunes. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.chicagoreader.com/moviesarchives/2003/1103/031121.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101202172431/http://looney.goldenagecartoons.com/tv/ to http://looney.goldenagecartoons.com/tv/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:58, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

New Shorts
The new shorts which are said to be released in 2019 could possibly be the third and final season of Wabbit/New Looney Tunes. Doesn't make sense they would start a new series before finishing the current series. YouDontKnowSponge (talk) 20:50, 22 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Can't be. Bergman isn't voicing Bugs, Eric Bauza is. Peter Browngardt isn't on Wabbit staff. Wabbit cartoons are longer than these shorts--Harmony944 (talk) 15:11, 25 June 2018 (UTC)

 * The third season could be retooled like how the second season was retooled from the first season. Perhaps different people also worked on the third season. They could have changed the voice of Bugs for Season 3. Daffy is also in his New Looney Tunes design in a teaser image. Time will only tell. YouDontKnowSponge (talk) 19:05, 30 June 2018 (UTC)
 * You're really grasping at straws--Harmony944 (talk, Twitter) 15:31, 3 July 2018 (UTC)

comics
dose anyone what to help with Draft:List of looney tunes comic books Fanoflionking

Taz
dose any want to help with Draft:List of Taz-Mania episodes Fanoflionking

TV
dose anyone want to help with List of Looney Tunes television series Fanoflionking

"Goonie Tunes" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Goonie Tunes. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 20:26, 1 November 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 March 2020
In the third paragraph of the introduction it has been changed to say Bugs Bunny is a rapist and has died. (outlined in bold below) Page was then semi-protected so falsehoods cannot be changed. Rollback to previous true version is required

Looney Tunes has since become a worldwide media franchise, spawning several television series, feature films, comic books, music albums, video games, and amusement park rides, as well as serving as Warner Bros.' flagship franchise. Many of the characters have made and continue to make cameo appearances in various other television shows, films, and advertisements. The most famous Looney Tunes character is Bugs Bunny, a struggling rapist who left the world on the 22nd of March, 2020 to witness perfection.[4] Several Looney Tunes films are considered among the greatest animated cartoons of all time (e.g. Duck Amuck, One Froggy Evening and What's Opera, Doc?; All three Merrie Melodies), and five (three Merrie Melodies: Tweetie Pie, Speedy Gonzales and Birds Anonymous; and two Looney Tunes: Knighty Knight Bugs and For Scent-imental Reasons) have won Academy Awards.[5] Bhar7198Bhar (talk) 00:20, 24 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done and  have already removed the vandalism. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 18:32, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Time Warner caves to far-left extremist anti-gun nuts.
The anti-gun rights radical leftists in control of the corporation won't let the hunter Elmer Fudd or Yosemite Sam have guns because of "gun violence": I see no reason why only criticism of the cartoon by leftists hysterically screaming "Racism!" over certain episodes created eighty years ago should be included in the article. If you truly are a neutral encyclopedia, you will include criticism by normal Americans over the show's recent radical leftist political agenda. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.203.11.231 (talk) 05:55, 8 June 2020 (UTC)
 * We can mention that the new cartoons do not include guns (in fact, I'd used the quote "“We’re not doing guns,” Browngardt said. “But we can do cartoony violence — TNT, the Acme stuff. All that was kind of grandfathered in.”" from . But we can't be critical of that without reliable sources being critical of it, even the Fox news piece is not that. --M asem (t) 06:04, 8 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Bear in mind that the characters being shot at were anthropomorphic, so it was essentially gun violence against persons. BMJ-pdx (talk) 07:00, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Jordan vs Lebron
Ok, who wrote this article? Are we seriously gonna call Lebron a basketball mega superstar and just call Jordan a basketball player? If anyone was the mega superstar it was Jordan. Whoever wrote that must be too young to remember the phenomenon that was Michael Jordan. There’s no need to go all King James like Space Jam 2 did. Either call them both basketball players or switch the descriptions. It’s absolutely disgraceful to pretend that James is on a level beyond Jordan. It would be like comparing any actor today to one of the true stars of golden age Hollywood. There’s no comparison. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:249:8100:D270:9C3D:1FD3:14CD:F1E (talk) 14:58, 28 December 2021 (UTC)

Typing
I know that Lola bunny name after my sister name Lola 2600:6C64:7800:A9E:4422:6FA9:CDF2:4E33 (talk) 10:17, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

Awkward Introductory Phrasing
The second sentence in this entire article has pretty awkward phrasing:

"Then some new cartoons were produced from the late 1980s to the mid 2010s as well as other made productions beginning in 1972."

Could this be written more elegantly? 2601:44:404:23F1:18EC:1BA5:2647:C7CC (talk) 16:18, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Looney Tunes
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Looney Tunes's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Amazon": From Scooby-Doo! Moon Monster Madness:  From Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost:  From Scooby-Doo! Pirates Ahoy!:  From Lego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. Feel free to remove this comment after fixing the refs. AnomieBOT ⚡ 06:27, 9 April 2023 (UTC)

Coyote vs. Acme
I want Mike Allen to add information about the cancelled Coyote vs. Acme in the revival section. The Media Expert (talk) 13:20, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Hi just now noticing this. Maybe we should wait until we see how it pans out.  We should know by next month.  Mike   Allen   22:25, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Looney Tunes


text:
User talk:Mike Sarfati

Hello there Mike, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page and experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. BTW, thanks for finding all those images. Cheers! --maveric149

Image source problem with Image:Arschopenhauer1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Arschopenhauer1.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 07:02, 14 September 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Liftarn 07:02, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mike Sarfati


text:
User:RTC

This page is closed.

title: User:RTC


text:
Namur (disambiguation)

Namur is a municipality and city of Belgium, the capital of Wallonia and of the Namur province.

Namur may also refer to:

Belgium

 * Namur (province), a province in Wallonia, Belgium, named after the provincial capital city
 * Roman Catholic Diocese of Namur
 * County of Namur, a county of the Carolingian and Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries (981–1795)
 * Arrondissement of Namur

Other places

 * Namur, Wisconsin, USA, founded by Walloon immigrants
 * Namur Historic District, Wisconsin, USA
 * Namur, Quebec, a place in Canada, originally settled by Walloon immigrants
 * Namur Island, former island in the Marshall Islands, now joined by landfill with Roi Island

Organizations

 * NAMUR, the User Association of Automation Technology in Process Industries
 * Université de Namur
 * Notre Dame de Namur University in Belmont, California
 * UR Namur

Transit

 * Namur station (Montreal Metro), a metro station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * Namur railway station (Belgium), in Namur, Belgium

Other

 * HMS Namur, three ships of the Royal Navy
 * Citadel of Namur
 * 3374 Namur (1980 KO) is a main-belt asteroid

title: Namur (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:RTC

This page is closed.

Do not post here.

title: User talk:RTC


text:
User:Patrick

                                                (UTC+)

Links
ref tab wwx k nndb path yw

 * w wt w2 w3

tpls chem clo mj phoc opt

astr dth geog grav icbm lnum mass num oom [//en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=orbit&hideminor=0&days=3000&limit=5000 orbit] rocket eq sc shrocket eq sc sh

VP: tech pol prop

 * P wl all from clutsy

/1 | /2 | /test page 1 | /test page 2 | wp

 * /myskin.css | /myskin.js | /monobook.css | /standard.css | /nostalgia.css | /cologneblue.css | [ ups]

 * elements | attributes | css
 * web colors
 * math act

 * Main Page, de:Hauptseite, etc. - language version of Wikipedia, unless the link is from a Wiktionary, then the language version of Wiktionary.
 * Main Page - English Wikipedia
 * Hauptseite - German Wikipedia (also from a Wiktionary)
 * Main Page - English Wiktionary
 * Hauptseite - German Wiktionary
 * Main Page - Meta
 * Main Page - Wikibooks
 * Main Page
 * Main Page (works from Meta; from en:, oddly, one has to use m:wikisource:Main Page)
 * Main Page
 * In Memoriam

User:Patrick ns.

Google -- search in Wikipedia with Google -- search "wikipedia" with Google

w .25 .5 1 2 3

fd css cssh 1.3

n tra geo tro ts upm - g fr d o fl g ut nh sh z nb l                              nect

gaz res

In-page interlanguage links
To make an interlanguage link in-page, prefix a colon (e.g. wiki ). This can e.g. be useful to link to a page in another language if no local version is available. See also some example templates for conveniently making such links:

 * nli - nl: (in Dutch)
 * nlil - (nl)
 * nlii -  (nl)
 * nlis - (nl)
 * nlinl - (nl)

 * - explicit "see" or "see also"
 * - for linking to both en and nl
 * - for linking to both en and nl, film etc.
 * - just an nl-link relating to the text in front, but further independent of any text
 * - convenient if name the same on en and nl and for switching to and from nlil

Compare:
 * e gives e
 * gives

title: User:Patrick