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Barto Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

Barto Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 142 at the 2000 census.

Barto Township was named for an immigrant settler from Bohemia.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 142 people, 51 households, and 44 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.9 people per square mile (1.5/km$2$). There were 53 housing units at an average density of 1.4/sq mi (0.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 51 households, out of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.4% were married couples living together, 2.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.7% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $46,875, and the median income for a family was $48,333. Males had a median income of $29,688 versus $17,031 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,125. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.


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Enstrom Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

Enstrom Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 580 at the 2000 census.

The unincorporated community of Salol is located within Enstrom Township.

Enstrom Township was named for Louis Enstrom, a Swedish settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 sqmi, of which 36.0 sqmi is land and 0.03% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 580 people, 209 households, and 159 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.1 PD/sqmi. There were 249 housing units at an average density of 6.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 96.55% White, 1.55% Native American, 1.21% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 0.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.

There were 209 households, out of which 47.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the township the population was spread out, with 34.7% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 39.1% from 25 to 44, 12.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $45,972, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $30,852 versus $22,426 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,544. About 5.3% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Falun Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

Falun Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 226 at the 2000 census.

Falun Township was named after Falun, in Sweden.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 226 people, 96 households, and 67 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.4 people per square mile (2.5/km$2$). There were 108 housing units at an average density of 3.0/sq mi (1.2/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 96 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $34,444, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $22,679 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,702. About 3.8% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over.


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Dummer, New Hampshire

Dummer is a town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 306 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Berlin, NH–VT micropolitan statistical area. Dummer is home to the Pontook Reservoir, popular with canoeists, kayakers and birdwatchers. In the western part of Dummer lies the village of Paris.

History
The town was granted on March 8, 1773, by Governor John Wentworth to a group of wealthy Portsmouth investors, including his father, Mark Hunking Wentworth, Nathaniel Haven and others. He named it after Massachusetts Governor William Dummer, who successfully defended the eastern English provinces from the French and Indians in Dummer's War. But the town remained unsettled until 1812 when William Leighton arrived from Farmington, New Hampshire, with his family. Dummer was incorporated by the General Court on December 19, 1848.

Mountainous terrain and sterility of the soil prevented cultivation. But the region had forests, and the Upper Ammonoosuc River provided water power for mills. There were two sawmills operating by 1859, with a considerable trade in timber. Log drives on the Androscoggin River supplied the papermills downstream in Berlin. Pontook Dam, which created Pontook Reservoir, was reconstructed in the mid-1980s to generate hydroelectric power.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 127.3 sqkm, of which 124.2 sqkm are land and 3.1 sqkm are water, comprising 2.44% of the town. The highest point in Dummer is the summit of Cow Mountain, at 2289 ft above sea level in the northern part of the town. Roughly the western third of Dummer lies within the Connecticut River watershed, where it is drained by the Upper Ammonoosuc River, with the eastern two-thirds in the Androscoggin River watershed. The former community of Paris is in the western part of town, along Phillips Brook.

Dummer is crossed by New Hampshire Route 16.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Millsfield (north)
 * Errol (northeast)
 * Cambridge (east)
 * Milan (south)
 * Stark (southwest)
 * Odell (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 309 people, 128 households, and 102 families living in the town. The population density was 6.5 PD/sqmi. There were 252 housing units at an average density of 5.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.71% White, 0.32% Asian, and 0.97% from two or more races.

There were 128 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,750, and the median income for a family was $42,708. Males had a median income of $29,286 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,754. About 4.6% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.0% of those 65 or over.

title: Dummer, New Hampshire


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Laona Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

Laona Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 578 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 38.1 sqmi, of which 38.1 sqmi is land and 0.03% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 578 people, 202 households, and 152 families residing in the township. The population density was 15.2 people per square mile (5.9/km$2$). There were 223 housing units at an average density of 5.9/sq mi (2.3/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.06% White, 0.52% African American, 1.56% Native American, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.

There were 202 households, out of which 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.9% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the township the population was spread out, with 32.2% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,250, and the median income for a family was $40,500. Males had a median income of $26,845 versus $23,393 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,112. About 5.0% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.


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Errol, New Hampshire

Errol is a town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 298 at the 2020 census. It is located north of the White Mountains along Route 16 at its intersection of Route 26. It has a municipal airport with a single, unpaved runway (airport code ERR ).

Errol is part of the Berlin, NH-VT micropolitan statistical area.

History
Errol was granted by Governor John Wentworth to Timothy Ruggles and others in 1774, the name taken from Scotland's James Hay, 15th Earl of Erroll. In 1789, proprietors of the Errol grant petitioned the General Court that towns between Conway and Errol be required to pay for "a good connecting road". The legislature approved the measure in 1781, mandating what is today Route 16. A winter trade route to Andover, Maine was built in 1804, connecting Errol to Portland via what is now Route 26. The first settlers arrived at Errol in 1806, and by 1820 the population was 36. It was incorporated in 1836.

Although the soil was considered generally poor, it proved suitable for hay, oats and potatoes. With vast forests, the town's chief occupation was lumbering. By 1859, when the population was 130, the town had two sawmills, one gristmill and one clapboard machine.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 179.9 sqkm, of which 156.3 sqkm are land and 23.5 sqkm are water, comprising 13.09% of the town. The Androscoggin River begins in Errol, where the Magalloway River joins the outlet of Umbagog Lake. The town's elevation reaches 2350 ft above sea level atop a bump above Signal Pond near the town's western boundary. Errol lies fully within the Androscoggin River watershed.

The town is served by state routes 16 and 26. NH Route 16 extends north towards the township of Wentworth Location, and it extends south through Dummer and Milan into the city of Berlin. NH Route 26 extends east towards the township of Cambridge and eventually into Maine. It extends west through Dixville Notch to the town of Colebrook.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Wentworth Location (north)
 * North Oxford, Maine (northeast)
 * Upton, Maine (southeast)
 * Cambridge (south)
 * Dummer (southwest)
 * Millsfield (west)
 * Dixville (northwest)

Climate
This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Errol has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 298 people, 137 households, and 90 families living in the town. The population density was 4.9 people per square mile (1.9/km$2$). There were 447 housing units at an average density of 7.3 per square mile (2.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.66% White, 0.34% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01%.

Of the 137 households 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 2.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 24.8% of households were one person and 9.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.56.

The age distribution was 16.4% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 35.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% 65 or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.7 males.

The median household income was $35,625 and the median family income was $47,500. Males had a median income of $37,250 versus $20,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,440. About 9.8% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 15.2% of those sixty five or over.

Education
Errol students in grades 7–12 are bused to Berlin Middle High School in Berlin.

Sites of interest

 * Androscoggin Wayside Park
 * Mollidgewock State Park
 * Umbagog Lake State Park
 * L. L. Cote Sports Center

title: Errol, New Hampshire


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Erving's Location, New Hampshire

Erving's Location is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the township was zero. In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

There is a dirt road that starts at New Hampshire State Route 26 in Millsfield just north of a pond and ends to the west in Erving's Location's northeast corner. It is the only way to get to Erving's Location without hiking.

History
In 1775, a land grant was made to Captain William Erving of Boston, who had fought in the French and Indian Wars.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the location has a total area of 9.7 km2, all land. It is drained by Phillips Brook, which rises in the township and flows south to the Upper Ammonoosuc River in Stark, part of the Connecticut River watershed. The northeast corner of the township is drained by the West Branch of Clear Stream, flowing east to the Androscoggin River in Errol. The township's highest point is 2840 ft above sea level, along its eastern boundary, partway up the slope of Mount Kelsey, the summit of which is located in Millsfield.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Dixville (north)
 * Millsfield (east)
 * Odell (south)
 * Columbia (west)

Demographics
In the 2020 census, no people were recorded as living in Erving's Location.

title: Erving's Location, New Hampshire


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Green's Grant, New Hampshire

Green's Grant is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, the grant had a population of zero. The grant lies within the White Mountain National Forest. The base of the Mount Washington Auto Road is located in Green's Grant.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

History
John Wentworth, British colonial governor of New Hampshire, made the grant to Lieutenant Francis Green of Boston, one of the last land grants that Wentworth made to soldiers of the French and Indian Wars.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the grant has a total area of 9.5 sqkm, of which 7256 sqm, or 0.08%, are covered by water. The Peabody River, a northward-flowing tributary of the Androscoggin River, runs through the center of the grant, joined by its tributaries, Nineteenmile Brook and Cowboy Brook from the east and the West Branch from the west. New Hampshire Route 16 follows the Peabody River through the grant, leading southward (upstream) to the height of land at Pinkham Notch in neighboring Pinkham's Grant and north to U.S. Route 2 in Gorham. The highest point in the grant is along its eastern boundary, on the lower slopes of Middle Carter Mountain, where the elevation reaches 2540 ft above sea level.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Martin's Location (north)
 * Bean's Purchase (east)
 * Pinkham's Grant (south)
 * Thompson and Meserve's Purchase (west)

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, no people lived in the grant.

title: Green's Grant, New Hampshire


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Groveton, New Hampshire

Groveton is a census-designated place (CDP) and the primary village in the town of Northumberland in Coos County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,068 at the 2020 census. It is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 3 and New Hampshire Route 110.

Fort Wentworth
Fort Wentworth was a colonial fort built in 1755 at the junction of the Upper Ammonoosuc River and Connecticut River, in Northumberland, New Hampshire, just downstream from the present site of Groveton.

Paper mill
Diamond International Papers was originally the hub of Groveton. Diamond International was replaced by James River Paper Company, which was followed by Wausau Paper. In 2008 Wausau ceased production in its Groveton mill, which in turn precluded the trains from stopping in Groveton.

There were plans to turn the mill into a biomass plant, but as of January 2012, plans for buying the mill had fallen through. After an interview with former mill employees, the town of Northumberland decided to demolish the mill for scrap metals. With the price of metals at an all-time high, the town would make more money with the metals than waiting for the mill to sell. Plans for the future site included an LNG plant, which would have brought 80 or so jobs to the North Country. However, the planned development did not materialize.

Hydrogen power plant
Q Hydrogen, in conjunction with state and local political and development officials, is a developer of a hydrogen production system using water.

Electricity production has begun at the site of the old paper mill, which has been scraped clean of most evidence that the 140 acre facility existed there.

Steam locomotive
A coal-powered steam locomotive originally owned by the Odell Manufacturing Company paper mill is publicly displayed as a tourist attraction. Having last seen use in the mid-1960s, it is presently maintained by Wausau Mills and Groveton Paper Board. The community beautification committee "dresses it up" every Christmas and maintains the surrounding area.

Riverside Speedway and Adventure Park
In 1964, Riverside Speedway, a 1/4 mile banked oval track, opened in Groveton. In late 2014 the speedway was purchased and underwent a name change. It was sold again in late 2019 and renamed Riverside Speedway and Adventure Park. In the coming years upgrades are planned for the facility to be a four-season event location, including ATV/UTV and other off-road events as well as snow machine racing. It features weekly racing series and is a popular venue in local auto racing.

The Early Show
Groveton was featured on The Early Show on January 5, 2012. It was a story on the mill and featured Karen Brown of The Early Show and Roger Caron.

Geography
Groveton is located in the northern part of the town of Northumberland in western Coos County at 44.60083°N, -71.51361°W (44.600868, -71.513525). It lies on the northwestern side of the Upper Ammonoosuc River, approximately one mile east of the river's mouth at the Connecticut River, which forms the New Hampshire/Vermont border.

U.S. Route 3 passes through Groveton, leading north 26 mi to Colebrook and south 10 mi to Lancaster, the Coos County seat. New Hampshire Route 110 branches east from US 3 on the southern edge of Groveton and leads east, then southeast 26 mi to Berlin.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Groveton CDP has a total area of 5.57 km2, of which 5.33 sqkm are land and 0.23 sqkm, or 4.16%, are water.

Demographics
Groveton is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 US Census, there were 1,118 people, 491 households, and 300 families residing in the CDP. There were 550 housing units, of which 59, or 10.7%, were vacant. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.9% white, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Asian, and 0.8% two or more races. 0.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 491 households in the CDP, 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were headed by married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28, and the average family size was 2.83.

22.9% of residents in the CDP were under the age of 18, 7.8% were from age 18 to 24, 23.1% were from 25 to 44, 28.2% were from 45 to 64, and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.

For the period 2011-15, the estimated median annual income for a household was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $51,563. Male full-time workers had a median income of $36,906 versus $26,083 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,504. 9.3% of the population and 5.2% of families were below the poverty line, along with 12.8% of people under the age of 18 and 6.9% of people 65 or older.

Education
Groveton High School, located on State Street (US 3) at the north end of town, serves Groveton and the towns of Northumberland, Stark, Guildhall and Stratford.

Notable people

 * GG Allin (1956–1993), punk rock musician notorious for his live shows
 * Fred N. Cummings (1864-1952), US congressman from Colorado

title: Groveton, New Hampshire


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Hadley's Purchase, New Hampshire

Hadley's Purchase is a township located in the southernmost portion of Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, the purchase had a population of zero. The purchase lies entirely within the White Mountain National Forest.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

History
The purchase takes its name from Henry G. Hadley, who bought approximately 8000 acre from the state in 1834 for $500.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the purchase has a total area of 19.2 km2, all land other than streams. The highest point in the purchase is 3180 ft above sea level, along its eastern border. The highest summit in Hadley's Purchase is 3119 ft Mount Crawford, in the center of the purchase.

U.S. Route 302 in neighboring Hart's Location roughly parallels the southern and western limits of the purchase, passing within approximately 0.4 mi to 1 mi of the border.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Cutt's Grant (north)
 * Sargent's Purchase (east)
 * Bartlett (southeast)
 * Hart's Location (west)

Demographics
As of the 2010 census, there were no people living in the township.

title: Hadley's Purchase, New Hampshire


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Jefferson, New Hampshire

Jefferson is a town in Coos County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,043 at the 2020 census. It is home to parts of the White Mountain National Forest in the south and northeast and to Santa's Village, a Christmas-themed amusement park. There are also several private campgrounds, motels and inns.

Jefferson is part of the Berlin, New Hampshire-Vermont Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Colonial Governor Benning Wentworth first made land grants in this area in 1765, but the location was so deep in unexplored territory that few settlers took up their claims. So soon after the French and Indian War, in which certain Native American tribes in New England were allied with the French, English colonists did not want to be exposed on the frontier.

Colonel Joseph Whipple (1738–1816) took a grant and cut trails through the forests to build a "manor" house. He named the town "Dartmouth" after William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth, the patron of Dartmouth College. Brother to William Whipple, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Colonel Whipple renamed the town "Jefferson" four years prior to Thomas Jefferson's election as president. The state legislature granted the town a new charter as "Jefferson" on December 8, 1796.

In the mid-19th century, the boundary with the adjacent township of Kilkenny was moved so as to include that township's few residents in Jefferson.

Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, a local farm boy born in 1832, became a world-famous inventor of aerostats (dirigibles) and other devices. Consulting President Abraham Lincoln, he organized a balloon corps during the Civil War, and went on to invent the ice-making machine, and later the water-gas process. For years, the latter was used to fuel gas lights in hundreds of cities. His father, Clovis Lowe, had been part owner in 1832 of nearby Low and Burbank's Grant, which contains much of Mount Adams and Mount Madison. Lowe is featured on a New Hampshire historical marker (number 19) in Jefferson.

In 1885, a landslide on the north side of Cherry Mountain demolished the Stanley farm, mortally wounding a worker. Local hotels immediately arranged daily excursions to view the scene, now marked by a New Hampshire historical marker (number 152) titled "Cherry Mountain Slide". Jefferson's third marker (number 229) honors Deborah Vicker, known as "Granny Stalbird", who is said to have brought the first bible to the north country.

During the early 1900s, Jefferson was a popular summer resort, boasting one of the largest "grand hotels" in the White Mountains—the Waumbek, with accommodations for nearly 300 guests. The hotel had its own rail branch, to deliver guests directly to the hotel from Boston and New York without changing trains. It was destroyed by fire on May 9, 1928.

At tourism's peak, Jefferson had over 30 inns and boarding houses, accessible by several mainline depots, including Riverton, Baileys, Meadows, and Highlands. Some of the original station buildings remain, although most have been moved to nearby locations. The tracks were removed in the 1920s. The wider ownership of automobiles gave people more choices for vacation destinations, and the Great Depression reduced vacations for years. By the end of this period, many people sought other venues than grand hotels.

A number of historic, architecturally interesting structures remain from the resort era. The Waumbek Cottages provided a backdrop for the popular White Mountains Festival of the Arts until 1979. In March 2006, the Waumbek Cottages Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1988 and 1989, Jefferson gained national attention when a local volunteer firefighter was charged and tried in connection with dozens of arson fires that had plagued the area. The defendant was acquitted at trial.

Geography
Jefferson is located on U.S. Route 2 between Lancaster and Randolph, west of the midpoint between the Vermont and Maine borders. Set astride the broad Israel River valley, the town commands remarkable views of the Presidential Range and other White Mountain summits. Mount Starr King, with an elevation of 3907 ft and named for Thomas Starr King, is the highest point in town, near the town's northern border. It is regularly traversed by hikers scaling nearby 4006 ft Mount Waumbek, one of the "four-thousand footers"—the 48 peaks above 4000 ft in New Hampshire. Jefferson lies fully within the Connecticut River watershed.

In the past few years, thousands of acres of Jefferson have been sold or donated by private interests to the White Mountain National Forest. These include the Randolph Town Forest, a part of which is within the boundaries of Jefferson, the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, and Mount Starr King.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 130.3 km2, of which 129.5 km2 are land and 0.9 sqkm are water, comprising 0.66% of the town.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Lancaster (north)
 * Kilkenny (northeast)
 * Randolph (east)
 * Low and Burbank's Grant (southeast)
 * Carroll (south)
 * Whitefield (west)

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Jefferson has a warm-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,006 people, 407 households, and 295 families residing in the town. The population density was 20.1 PD/sqmi. There were 582 housing units at an average density of 11.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.31% White, 0.10% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.10% of the population.

There were 407 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 32.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,089, and the median income for a family was $42,067. Males had a median income of $27,130 versus $21,382 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,556. About 4.7% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

 * Jefferson Historical Museum, located in the former St. John's Methodist church, on US Route 2, east of village center. From June to October it is open free to the public on Thursday and Sunday afternoons.
 * Pondicherry Wildlife Refuge

Notable person

 * Thaddeus S. C. Lowe (1832–1913), scientist, inventor

title: Jefferson, New Hampshire


text:
Low and Burbank's Grant, New Hampshire

Low and Burbank's Grant is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The grant lies entirely within the White Mountain National Forest. As of the 2020 census, the grant had a population of zero.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

History
The purchase is named for Clovis Lowe of Jefferson and Barker Burbank of Shelburne, who purchased land from the state in 1832.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the grant has a total area of 67.7 km2, of which 1335 sqm, or 0.002%, are water.

The grant is in the northern White Mountains, on the northern slopes of the Presidential Range and on the Dartmouth Range. Summits in the grant include Mt. Sam Adams—at 5584 ft above sea level, the highest point in the grant—and Mt. Madison, elevation 5367 ft. The northern slopes of the range comprise one of the most densely tracked areas in the White Mountain National Forest. The Randolph Mountain Club and the Appalachian Mountain Club maintain seasonal huts and cabins on the north slopes of these two mountains, at or above 4000 ft.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Randolph (north)
 * Gorham (northeast)
 * Thompson and Meserve's Purchase (east)
 * Chandler's Purchase (southeast)
 * Crawford's Purchase (south)
 * Carroll (west)
 * Jefferson (northwest)

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, there were no people living in the grant.

title: Low and Burbank's Grant, New Hampshire


text:
Meadowlands, Minnesota

Meadowlands is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 134 at the 2020 census.

Saint Louis County Highway 133 (CR 133), County 5 (CR 5), and County 29 (CR 29) are three of the main routes in Meadowlands.

History
Meadowlands, as its name would suggest, is one of the few areas of arable land in Saint Louis County. While Meadowlands prospered and grew due to the support it provided to the region's farms, the steady decline in those same farms (and the large families they supported) during the mid-late 1980s and early 1990s heralded the beginning of the town's gradual decline.

During its heyday, Meadowlands was home to a number of businesses including a Ford dealership (which also carried New Holland farm machinery), a bank, a farmer's cooperative store, a grocery store, a commercial laundry, a cheese factory, various restaurants, a movie theater and the Toivola–Meadowlands School, a K–12 institution. However, the loss of the large farm families gradually reduced the student population until Independent School District 710 chose to close the school. An attempt was made to covert T–M into a "Charter School", but it ultimately proved unsuccessful. Before closing, the school sent its 9-man football team to the Minnesota State Finals twice in the 1980s.

Currently it possesses only a single bar/grill establishment, and four places of worship.

The retail and service related facilities have seen a slight increase in business due to the recent expansion of tourism related to bird-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles.

Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.39 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 134 people, 67 households, and 33 families living in the city. The population density was 343.6 PD/sqmi. There were 78 housing units at an average density of 200.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.0% White, 3.7% African American, 0.7% Native American, and 1.5% from two or more races.

There were 67 households, of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.9% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.7% were non-families. 50.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 32.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the city was 47 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.4% were from 45 to 64; and 26.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 43.3% male and 56.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 111 people, 53 households, and 28 families living in the city. The population density was 291.1 PD/sqmi. There were 61 housing units at an average density of 159.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.30% White and 2.70% Native American. 24.7% were of German, 9.6% Finnish, 9.6% Norwegian, 8.2% Czech, 6.8% Slovak and 5.5% Italian ancestry.

There were 53 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.3% were non-families. 37.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 34.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.72.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 1.8% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 10.8% from 45 to 64, and 31.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,625, and the median income for a family was $23,750. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,682. There were 3.7% of families and 14.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 16.0% of under eighteens and 26.9% of those over 64.

Arts and culture
The annual Sax–Zim Winter Birding Festival is held near Meadowlands in February. The event is organized for birdwatching. The nearby "Sax–Zim Bog" is home to one of the world's best birdwatching places. It was named for the two nearby communities of Sax and Zim. Every February, the habitat hosts a three-day festival for birdwatchers.

title: Meadowlands, Minnesota


text:
Martin's Location, New Hampshire

Martin's Location is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, two people were reported as living in the location. It lies entirely within the White Mountain National Forest, and is the site of the Dolly Copp Campground.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

Geography
The location straddles the Peabody River and New Hampshire Route 16 due east of Mount Madison, north of Green's Grant and bounded to the north by Gorham.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the location has a total area of 9.7 km2, of which 0.08 sqkm, or 0.80%, are water. Via the north-flowing Peabody River, the location is part of the Androscoggin River watershed. The highest point is the southeastern corner of the location, at 2600 ft above sea level.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Gorham (north)
 * Bean's Purchase (east)
 * Green's Grant (east)
 * Thompson and Meserve's Purchase (southeast)

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, there were two people living in the township.

title: Martin's Location, New Hampshire


text:
Milan, New Hampshire

Milan is a town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,358 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Originally named "Paulsburg" in 1771 after Paul Wentworth, the town was incorporated on December 16, 1824. In that year, Governor Levi Woodbury authorized a name change to "Milan".

Prior to 1820, there were but few inhabitants. In 1819, the population was approximately fourteen; ten years passed and the number had increased four-fold. Like the other towns around it, Milan's first industries were lumbering operations, and agriculture was for some time subordinate to this. The first farms were developed on Milan Hill. The soil was warmer, more free from frost, and, for some years, produced quite liberally in response to the labors of the pioneers. But they were not permanently as productive as they gave promise, and many of those settlers who remained sought the most valuable lands along the river. Some of the names of the early pioneers of Milan include Ellingwood, Hodgdon, Fogg, Hinds, Roberts, Hagar, Sargent, Nay, Twitchell, and Newell.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 166.9 sqkm, of which 165.0 sqkm are land and 2.0 sqkm, or 1.18%, are water. The highest point is the summit of Deer Ridge, at 2808 ft above sea level.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Dummer (north)
 * Cambridge (northeast)
 * Success (east)
 * Berlin (south)
 * Kilkenny (west)
 * Stark (northwest)

Climate
Berlin Municipal Airport is an airport in Milan. The town has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,331 people, 532 households, and 388 families residing in the town. The population density was 21.6 PD/sqmi. There were 756 housing units at an average density of 12.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.95% White, 0.08% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races.

There were 532 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,966, and the median income for a family was $47,361. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $20,670 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,818. About 3.0% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

 * Nansen Ski Jump
 * Milan Hill State Park

title: Milan, New Hampshire


text:
Cold Spring, Minnesota

Cold Spring is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States, at the gateway of the Sauk River Chain of Lakes, an interconnected system of 14 bay-like lakes fed and connected by the Sauk River. Cold Spring is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its population was 4,025 at the 2010 census.

History
Originally home to the Ojibwe, Winnebago, and Dakota people, Cold Spring was platted in 1856, and named for the many springs near the original town site. A post office has been in operation at Cold Spring since 1857.

German-speaking Catholics settled in the area, lured by the Slovenian missionary priest Francis Xavier Pierz, who had submitted letters and advertisements to the major German-language newspapers across the U.S., such as Der Wahrheitsfreund (The Friend of Truth), and in Europe, urging "good, pious" German Catholics to come to the Sauk River Valley, which he called a "land flowing with milk and honey" and safe from disease and anti-Catholic oppression.

During the grasshopper plagues of the 1870s, Assumption Chapel, also known as the Grasshopper Chapel, was built in petition for relief from the locusts.

Cold Spring has three properties on the National Register of Historic Places: the John Oster House and Ferdinand Peters House, both built in 1907, and the Eugene Hermanutz House, built in 1912.

The city was thrust in the national spotlight on September 24, 2003, when then 15-year-old Jason McLaughlin shot and killed two classmates in the Rocori High School shooting.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.70 sqmi; 2.67 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water. The Sauk River bisects Cold Spring from the southwest.

Cold Spring is in Wakefield Township geographically but is a separate entity.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,025 people, 1,549 households, and 1,049 families living in the city. The population density was 1507.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,641 housing units at an average density of 614.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.2% White, 0.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.1% of the population.

There were 1,549 households, of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.11.

The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 27.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.4% were from 45 to 64; and 19% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

Ancestry breakdown of residents is German (67.6%), American (5.9%), Swedish (4.0%), Irish (2.4%), Norwegian (1.7%), English (1.2%).

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,975 people, 1,116 households, and 785 families living in the city. The population density was 1,431.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,145 housing units at an average density of 550.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.39% White, 0.20% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.71% from other races, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 1,116 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $50,268. Males had a median income of $32,225 versus $23,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,308. About 1.9% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Top employers in Cold Spring include:

 * Coldspring
 * Gold'n Plump Poultry
 * Cold Spring Brewing Company. Founded in 1874 by German immigrant Michael Sargl, CSBC produces, packages, and distributes soft drinks, beer, malt beverages, energy drinks, and other beverages. In 2012, the Third Street Brewhouse was started and became CSBC's craft beer division. Brynwood Partners, a Connecticut-based private equity firm, bought the company from the Lenore family in August 2017. At the time, the company had roughly 350 employees and annual sales of more than $60 million.
 * Rocori School District
 * Assumption Community
 * Cold Spring Bakery. Started in 1946 by Melvin and Floss Schurman, and originally known as the Home Bakery, the bakery is on Main Street. It distributes its goods across Central Minnesota and is still owned and managed by the Schurman family.

Transportation
Minnesota Highway 23 serves as a main route in Cold Spring and Interstate 94, the major highway of the region, is nearby, linking Minneapolis, St. Paul, Fargo, Chicago, and Milwaukee. Cold Spring is also served by County Roads 2 and 50, providing north-south access in and out of the city.

Cold Spring's proximity to St. Cloud allows for convenient access to St. Cloud Regional Airport, as well as the city's Amtrak and Greyhound stations.

Primary and secondary schools
Cold Spring is served by ROCORI Independent School District 750. ROCORI stands for the three adjacent communities that primarily comprise the schools: Rockville, Cold Spring, and Richmond. Local public schools serving Cold Spring include John Clark Elementary, Cold Spring Elementary and Richmond Elementary, ROCORI Middle School, and ROCORI High School. There are also three private schools in the district: St. Peter & Paul Elementary (preK-5) in Richmond, St. Boniface Elementary (preK-6) in Cold Spring, and Holy Cross School (preK-6) in Pearl Lake.

Public libraries
Great River Regional Library (GRRL) has a Cold Spring branch on Red River Avenue.

Media

 * Cold Spring Record began publishing weekly in October 1899 and is still in publication.
 * Tri-City Cable]: Channel 10 is the local public access television station for the communities of Richmond, Cold Spring and Rockville, broadcasting news on community events and coverage of local government meetings.

Notable people

 * Eric Decker, National Football League player
 * Alvin Ganzer (1911–2009), film director, born in Cold Spring
 * John J. Kinzer (1891-1986), Minnesota state legislator and farmer
 * Doug Stang, Minnesota state legislator
 * Justin Stommes, professional basketball player; graduated from Rocori High School

title: Cold Spring, Minnesota


text:
Holdingford, Minnesota

Holdingford is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 708 at the 2010 census. It claims to be "The Gateway to Lake Wobegon", the fictional central Minnesota town created by author Garrison Keillor.

Holdingford is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Writing in 1997, Jewish-American historian of America's religious architecture Marilyn J. Chiat described early settlement in the region, "Father Francis X. Pierz, a missionary to Indians in central Minnesota, published a series of articles in 1851 in German Catholic newspapers advocating Catholic settlement in central Minnesota. Large numbers of immigrants, mainly German, but also Slovenian and Polish, responded. Over 20 parishes where formed in what is now Stearns County, each centered on a church-oriented hamlet. As the farmers prospered, the small frame churches were replaced by more substantial buildings of brick or stone... Stearns County retains in its German character and is still home to one of the largest rural Catholic populations in Anglo-America."

Holdingford was platted in the 1870s by Randolph Holding on a site near a ford. A post office has been in operation at Holdingford since 1872. According to local historian Fr. Vincent Yzermans, the earliest settlers and founders of St. Mary's Church were Irish-Americans and Canadian Gaelic-speaking immigrants from Sight Point, Cape Mabou, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. For this reason, Holdingford was originally called, "The Scotch Settlement." The early Scottish-Canadian pioneers of Holdingford included descendants of Clan Stewart, Clan MacArthur, Clan Campbell, Clan Kennedy, and Clan MacPherson.

In an interview with Rev. Alex D. MacDonald for the book Mabou Pioneers, one elderly Holdingford settler recalled, "As I look back, I can remember they were a jolly group of people, and when all their children were born, they made quite a gathering when they were all together at parties in their different homes, with singing of Scottish songs, violin music, and of course, dancing Scottish reels."

The Highland Scottish dancing at local ceilidhs was often "a source of scandal" to their Steans County German neighbors. Despite the later Germanisation and Polonisation of both parishes in Holdingford, Fr. Vincent Yzermans often heard the famous lines from the Canadian Boat Song quoted in later years by the descendants of the Holdingford Scottish-Americans who had stayed,
 * "From the lone shieling of the misty island
 * Mountains divide us and the waste of seas
 * But still the blood is strong, the heart is Highland
 * And we in dreams behold the Hebrides."

As the Holdingford area is traditionally ethnically polarized between German- and Polish-Americans, who until assimilation lessed the mutual distrust, attended different Catholic parishes and only rarely intermarried. The Holdingford area remains, however, a center of traditional German and Polish folk music and of the speaking in local homes of both Silesian Polish and "Stearns County German".

During the 1880s and '90s, a small farming colony of Slovaks and Rusyns migrated from the Austro-Hungarian Empire via Pennsylvania, and then settled on homesteads to the northeast of Holdingford. The immigrants were mainly Roman Catholics, or Byzantine Catholics from the Slovak Greek Catholic Church or the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church, but enough converted to the Russian Orthodox Church that, with the assistance of Fr. John Maliarevsky from St. Mary's Cathedral in Minneapolis, they were able to build St. Mary's Russian Orthodox Church around 1897. Local converts to Protestantism under the influence of visiting theology student John Sabol in 1886, founded the Slovak Congregational Church, locally called "the Country Church", which still stands across a country road from the former site of St. Mary's Orthodox Church.

In 1902, Bishop Tikhon, the future Patriarch of Moscow, travelled from Minneapolis to bless the first completed Orthodox Church. While still a seminarian, Vasily Basalyga, who later became the Head of the Japanese Orthodox Church, also served at St. Mary's Russian Orthodox Church in Holdingford as a Reader and schoolteacher. The parish altar lamp was a personal gift from Tsar Nicholas II.

During the 1920s and '30s, the Russian Orthodox priests from Holdingford sometimes made missionary visits to the Rusyn Americans living in a similar farming settlement in Browerville, Minnesota. They made some converts, but otherwise had little success. The Divine Liturgy was still offered in the traditional Old Church Slavonic liturgical language and only in 1978 did the Orthodox Church in America, which supplied the Orthodox priests who still visited St. Mary's, switch to Elizabethan English instead. In August 1978, the 14th-century Wonder Working Icon of the Our Lady of Tikhvin was brought for veneration from Holy Trinity Cathedral in Chicago to St Mary's Russian Orthodox Church in Holdingford, by Archbishop John of Chicago and Minneapolis. As of 1985, however, Orthodox laity continued to attend services from the surrounding communities of Bowlus, Upsala, Browerville, and St. Cloud. During the late 1980s, however, the parish "metrical books" were transferred to the Cathedral in Minneapolis and the Church was closed. Writing in 1997, Marilyn J. Chiat, described the empty church as, "a small white Gothic Revival building crowned with a tin onion dome, a rare sight on the edge of a cornfield in Minnesota." In 2002, a family with roots in the parish removed the bell from St. Mary's church in Holdingford and gave it as a donation to Holy Myrrh Bearers Orthodox Church in St. Cloud.

The only priest who lies buried in St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church cemetery in Holdingford is Fr. H. William Wilkens. According to his 1914 obituaries in local newspapers, Fr. Wilkens was a member of the Belgian nobility from Namur, and former seminary professor in Galveston, Texas. After concerns about his health forced a transfer to the Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Cloud, Fr. Wilkens served at a series of local parishes. He also became very well known locally in the decades before his death as a highly intelligent German-language essayist on religious and philosophical topics and a regular contributor to Der Nordstern.

World War I
Similarly to other Stearns County German- and Polish-American communities, the Holdingford area opposed American entry into the First World War, but produced many local recruits and draftees once America declared war on Imperial Germany in May 1917. In November 1917, the largely German-American parish of St. Mary's heard a "very impressive sermon" on American patriotism by Fr. Scheuer followed by the presentation of the parish's service flag, which bore 15-stars in honor of each of the young men from the parish who were serving in the United States military. America's Independence Day 1918 was understandingly the largest ever seen in Holdingford, beginning with a Requiem Mass at St. Hedwig's Church for the fallen soldiers of all the Allied Armies, followed by a dinner served at noon by the women of the parish. Five Holdingford-area Doughboys lost their lives while serving in the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), Private Nicholas Heinz, who died on 13 September 1918 from wounds received in the 2 September capture of a German machine gun nest near Vilcey-sur-Trey, for which he was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross; Ernest Roehrs, who died of the influenza on Sept. 29, 1918 at Camp Funston, Kansas; Gregor Hartung, who was killed in action on France in October 1918; John Elkanic who was killed in action on 22 October 1918 and buried in the Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial; and Private Francis Feia who was killed in action on the fall of 1918 and whose Polish-American parents only received definitive word of his death on 12 July 1919. A Tridentine Requiem Mass was offered for Pvt. Feia at St Hedwig's Church on 21 July 1919. Holdingford's American Legion Post #211 was later named in Private Feia's honor.

Prohibition era
During Prohibition, Holdingford earned the title of "moonshine capital of Minnesota". According to historian Elaine Davis, this was because organized crime figures from the Twin Cities, Chicago, and Kansas City, made frequent trips to the Holdingford area to purchase Minnesota 13; a very high quality moonshine distilled locally by Polish- and German-American farmers with the collusion of corrupt local politicians and law enforcement.

In October 1923, four Stearns County residents, including mobbed up County Commissioner Val Herman, were arrested by Federal Prohibition Enforcement Agents following an extremely violent car chase between the Pitzl Brewery in New Munich and Holdingford. The other suspects were Stanley Dobis of St. Anna, as well as Albin Bohmer and Joseph Sigmeth of Avon, Minnesota. All were held in Minneapolis pending trial on Federal charges of violating the Volstead Act.

According to local historian Fr. Vincent A Yzermans, during the Prohibition era, "a popular little ditty was being sung and hummed along the highways and byways of Holding Township":
 * "Mother makes brandy from cherries;
 * Pop distills whiskey and gin;
 * Sister sells wine from the grapes on our vine --
 * Good grief, how the money rolls in!"

In June 1933, Clarence Olson, alias Tuffy, a bootlegger and gangster based in Eagle Bend, Minnesota who, according to The Long Prairie Leader, "has long had a reputation as a liquor runner and hijacker and who has been claimed by many to be the toughest man between Minneapolis and Duluth", met his destiny in a Holdingford area gunfight. After arriving with two associates at the farmhouse of Holdingford bootleggers Joseph and Anthony Dzierweczynski to buy 85 gallons of Minnesota 13, Tuffy Olson first announced that the Dzierweczynskis would now be paid in cash. Then, however, Tuffy Olson and his enforcer Harley Buchan drew their sidearms and announced that they intended to take to 85 gallons of moonshine for free. Joseph Dzierweczynski, however, managed to flee the room and returned with a loaded shotgun. As he and Buchan fled back to their escape vehicle, Tuffy Olson received two fatal shotgun blasts in the back. Following an investigation by the Stearns and Toddy County Sheriff's Departments, Tuffy's two surviving enforcers and the Dzierweczynski brothers were both arrested pending criminal charges.

According to the Long Prairie Leader, "Tuffy Olson has for years had a reputation of being a booze runner who has had many conflicts with the law. At the time of his death, a Federal charge of illegal possession of liquor was hanging over his head, the trial being scheduled for later in the year. It is alleged that he peddled liquor at dance halls over a wide area and other rumors credit him with having hijacked many liquor runners in this section of the State."

World War II
Following the 1941 entry of the United States into the Second World War, young men from every ethnic background living in Holding Township became voluntary recruits to the United States military. In April 1944, Holdingford native Private Walter Krystosek was killed in action at the Anzio landing. On New Years Day 1945, Clarence Scepaniak, was a paratrooper serving in the European Theater with the 17th Airborne Division when he was taken prisoner by the enemy. After being held as a POW in conditions that traumatized him for the rest of his life at Stalag IV-B, Scepaniak was liberated and returned him to Holdingford. He remained silent about his experiences until finally giving an interview about them in 1985. In July 2017, the remains of United States Navy Fireman First Class Elmer Kerestes, a Holdingford native who was killed in action aboard the U.S.S. Oklahoma during the attack on Pearl Harbor, were posthumously identified through DNA testing by the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency and returned to his family for burial. Kerestes' whole 25-mile funeral route from Melrose to Holdingford was lined with local people who wished to pay their respects as his American flag-draped casket passed by. Kerestes' was then buried next to his parents in Holdingford with full military honors.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.85 sqmi, all land.

Holdingford is located nine miles north of the city of Avon at Interstate 94 in central Minnesota. The city of Albany is also nearby.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 708 people, 306 households, and 190 families living in the city. The population density was 832.9 PD/sqmi. There were 330 housing units at an average density of 388.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.6% White, 0.1% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 306 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.9% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the city was 37.3 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.2% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.7% male and 49.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 736 people, 286 households, and 197 families living in the city. The population density was 1,182.1 PD/sqmi. There were 297 housing units at an average density of 477.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.18% White, 0.54% Asian, and 0.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.14% of the population.

There were 286 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,000, and the median income for a family was $42,788. Males had a median income of $31,053 versus $21,141 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,410. About 6.2% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Holdingford Public Schools are part of the Holdingford Public School District. Schools in the district include Holdingford Elementary School and Holdingford High School. Holdingford Elementary serves Preschool to 6th grade, and Holdingford High School serves Grades 7–12. The Holdingford Huskers are expanding in the sports area. They have baseball/softball, volleyball, football, basketball, tennis, swimming, track, wrestling, and cheerleading.

Transportation
Stearns County Road 9 (4th Street), Stearns County Road 17 (River Street), and Main Street are three of the main routes in the community.

Holdingford is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota. The bridge is located along the Lake Wobegon Trail extension that runs from Albany past Holdingford. It is 186 ft long and was built in 2008 by the Holdingford Lions club. Each May since 2008, runners in the Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon start in Holdingford before running 26.2 miles south on the trail to St. Joseph.

Notable people

 * Kenny Benkowski, professional wrestler better known as "Sodbuster" Kenny Jay, was born in Holdingford.
 * Joseph Brinkman, former Major League Baseball Umpire - raised in Holdingford

title: Holdingford, Minnesota


text:
Meire Grove, Minnesota

Meire Grove is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota,  United States. The population was 179 at the 2010 census. It is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Minnesota State Highway 4 serves as a main route in the community, and Interstate 94/U.S. Highway 52 is nearby.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.56 sqmi, all land.

The city of Meire Grove is located within Grove Township geographically but is a separate entity.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 179 people, 70 households, and 46 families living in the city. The population density was 319.6 PD/sqmi. There were 78 housing units at an average density of 139.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.9% White and 1.1% Asian.

There were 70 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 12.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.3% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 38.3 years. 27.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 13.3% were from 45 to 64; and 27.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 149 people, 61 households, and 40 families living in the city. The population density was 324.8 PD/sqmi. There were 70 housing units at an average density of 152.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 61 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 13.4% from 45 to 64, and 28.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,250, and the median income for a family was $40,313. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,559. There were 7.7% of families and 17.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 30.0% of under eighteens and 8.6% of those over 64.

title: Meire Grove, Minnesota


text:
Northumberland, New Hampshire

Northumberland is a town located in western Coös County, New Hampshire, United States, north of Lancaster. It is part of the Berlin, NH–VT micropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 2,126, of whom 1,068 lived in the village of Groveton.

History
North of the mountain ridge known as Cape Horn, near the Connecticut River, are the remains of Fort Wentworth, built by the New Hampshire Militia in 1755 during the French and Indian War. The town was granted as "Stonington" in 1761 to John Hogg and others by Governor Benning Wentworth, and first settled in 1767 by Thomas Burnside and Daniel Spaulding. Burnside was a member of Rogers' Rangers.

The land was regranted by Governor John Wentworth in 1771 as "Northumberland", the name derived from Northumberland in England. The town was incorporated November 16, 1779. In 1797 the town voted to construct a meeting house, which was completed in 1799. The structure can still be found alongside U.S. Route 3.

Groveton is the northern terminus of a railroad track owned by the New Hampshire & Vermont Railroad, where it intersects the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad. This was formerly the junction of the Grand Trunk Railway and the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad—a major point of access for the northern White Mountains.

The area was once known for its large corn and potato crop, starch mills, and manufacturing (leather, shoe pegs). More recently, the town economy centered on the lumber industry. That changed in 2007, however, when the Wausau Paper mill closed, eliminating 300 jobs.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 95.3 sqkm, of which 92.4 sqkm are land and 2.8 sqkm are water, comprising 2.96% of the town. The Connecticut River, which forms the New Hampshire–Vermont border, runs along the western edge of town. The Upper Ammonoosuc River runs through town in a southwesterly direction to the Connecticut and is crossed by a covered bridge at Groveton.

There are several mountains in town, including Morse Mountain (1880 ft above sea level), Cape Horn (2040 ft), Moore Mountain (1522 ft), and Spaulding Hill (1220 ft). The town's highest point is 2860 ft above sea level on a spur of the Pilot Range on the town's eastern boundary.

Cape Horn State Forest is located in the central portion of the town boundaries.

The nucleus of Northumberland (outside of Groveton) is arranged along US 3, which runs along the Connecticut River. Route 110 intersects US 3 in Northumberland and runs east toward adjacent Stark.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Stratford (north)
 * Stark (east)
 * Lancaster (south)
 * Guildhall, Vermont (southwest)
 * Maidstone, Vermont (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,438 people, 989 households, and 666 families residing in the town. The population density was 67.4 /mi2. There were 1,112 housing units at an average density of 30.7 /mi2. The racial makeup of the town was 98.44% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.33% Asian, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.53% of the population.

There were 989 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,570, and the median income for a family was $34,444. Males had a median income of $33,281 versus $19,464 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,101. About 9.4% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

 * Groveton Covered Bridge

Notable person

 * William E. Holyoke (1868–1934), US Navy sailor; recipient of the Medal of Honor

title: Northumberland, New Hampshire


text:
Paynesville, Minnesota

Paynesville is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States, on Lake Koronis, in the central part of the state. The population was 2,388 at the 2020 census. It is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Paynesville was platted in 1857 by Edwin E. Payne, and named for him. The town was completely evacuated to the relative safety of Richmond and St. Cloud during the 1862 Dakota War; the Dakota burned the townsite to the ground. The town was subsequently rebuilt, this time with the addition of a wooden stockade built by the U.S. Army.

The arrival of the Soo Line and Great Northern Railway in 1886 spurred increased settlement near the railroad lines, leading to the formation of the new settlements of Jim Town along the Soo Line and North Paynesville near the Great Northern. Jim town, on the site of today's downtown Paynesville, became the largest of the three Paynesvilles, eventually merging with the others as New Paynesville, later shortened back to Paynesville.

A post office has been in operation at Paynesville since 1857.

Geography
Paynesville lies along the North Fork of the Crow River and Lake Koronis. According to the United States Census Bureau, it has an area of 2.32 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,432 people, 1,065 households, and 635 families living in the city. The population density was 1048.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,148 housing units at an average density of 494.8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.5% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 1,065 households, of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.4% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age in the city was 42.4 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 21.9% were from 45 to 64; and 25.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,267 people, 934 households, and 594 families living in the city. The population density was 1,715.2 PD/sqmi. There were 984 housing units at an average density of 744.5 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 98.81% White, 0.04% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population.

There were 934 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,000, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $30,978 versus $20,219 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,246. About 4.5% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Minnesota State Highways 4, 23, and 55 are three of Paynesville's main highways. Freight rail service is provided by the Soo Line's Paynesville Subdivision. Passenger rail service was formerly provided by the Great Northern Railway and by the Soo Line's Winnipeger until 1970; since then the nearest active train station to Paynesville has been in St. Cloud.

The City of Paynesville operates Paynesville Municipal Airport (PEX/KPEX), a small general aviation airport.

Lake Koronis
One mile south of Paynesville, the 3014-acre Lake Koronis offers some of the best fishing in the area, with an abundance of walleye, bass, and northern pike. It reaches a maximum depth of 132 feet and averages 29 feet deep. Aquatic invasive species found in the lake include starry stonewort and zebra mussels.

Rice Lake
About five miles east-southeast of Paynesville, the 1639-acre Rice Lake also offers excellent walleye, bass, and northern pike fishing. There is public lake access on the northwest shore, at the end of 180th Street, and on the southwest shore, at the end of 253rd Avenue.

title: Paynesville, Minnesota


text:
Sauk Centre, Minnesota

Sauk Centre is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,555 at the 2020 census. Sauk Centre is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Sauk Centre is the birthplace of Sinclair Lewis, a novelist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. It inspired his fictional Gopher Prairie, the setting of Lewis's 1920 novel Main Street. There are two sculptures of Lewis in Sauk Centre; one life size sculpture just outside the public library named after him and a bust, sculpted by Joseph Kiselewski, inside the library.

History
The town was originally named by a lottery. The eight original town shareholders submitted suggestions for a name, and Sauk Centre was selected. The name was submitted by Alexander Moore, who originally bought and platted the town. Sauk refers to the many place names associated with the Sauk tribe (Sauk River, Sauk Rapids, Little Sauk, Osakis, etc). Centre (the British spelling of "center") refers to the town's central location between Sauk Rapids and Lake Osakis. When the Sauk Centre post office was established it used the spelling "Sauk Center", until 1936 when the city won its fight to spell the name as Moore suggested. Local lore has it that five refugees from the Sauk tribe had been killed by settlers in an ambush on the shores of Lake Osakis 17 mi away.

Sauk Centre contains the Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home, a National Historic Landmark. Two other properties and a historic district are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: The Palmer House built in 1901 and expanded in 1916, the Minnesota Home School for Girls built 1911–1935, and the Original Main Street Historic District built 1920–1947.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.25 sqmi; 3.99 sqmi is land and 0.26 sqmi is water.

Sauk Centre is located along Interstate 94/U.S. Highway 52, U.S. Highway 71, and Minnesota State Highway 28. It is approximately 100 mi northwest of the Minneapolis/Saint Paul metropolitan area.

The city is considered to be in the middle of the state. Sauk Lake and Sauk River are the most notable water features of the area. Fairy Lake and Lily Lake are located just outside of the city limits.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,317 people, 1,851 households, and 1,174 families living in the city. The population density was 1082.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,994 housing units at an average density of 499.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 0.8% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 2.2% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.4% of the population.

There were 1,851 households, of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the city was 41.4 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 21.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,930 people, 1,616 households, and 1,042 families living in the city. The population density was 1,057.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,709 housing units at an average density of 459.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.68% White, 0.31% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any kind were 0.53% of the population.

There were 1,616 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,644, and the median income for a family was $47,623. Males had a median income of $33,382 versus $20,399 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,390. About 2.3% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Churches

 * Saint Paul's Catholic Church (home of the first U.S. shrine dedicated to the Divine Mercy of Jesus, dedicated 1982)

Notable people

 * Joshua Harrison Bruce - farmer and Minnesota legislator
 * Benjamin F. DuBois — banker and Minnesota legislator
 * Rachael Ellering — professional wrestler
 * Ody J. Fish — Chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin
 * Harold Palmer Howard, U.S. Army brigadier general
 * Sinclair Lewis — American novelist and playwright, 1930 Nobel Prize winner in Literature
 * Joseph T. Niehaus, Sr. - farmer, businessman, beekeeper, and Minnesota legislator
 * Cory Undlin - NFL Coach
 * Sylvester Uphus — farmer and Minnesota legislator
 * Harry C. Van Norman - businessman and Illinois legislator

Education
There are two schools in the town: Holy Family and Sauk Centre Public School. Holy Family is a Catholic private school; it enrolls students from kindergarten to 6th grade. Sauk Centre Public School has two departments: elementary (kindergarten to 6th grade) and secondary school (7th to 12th grade). The mascot of Sauk Centre Public Schools is the Mainstreeters, in honor of Lewis' novel.

Other
A violent local incident in 1996, where the elderly Paul Crawford shot and killed four members of the neighboring Schloegl family over a property dispute, was featured in the episode "Lake of Madness" on the Investigation Discovery series Fear Thy Neighbor. The episode aired on April 20, 2015.

title: Sauk Centre, Minnesota


text:
Spring Hill, Minnesota

Spring Hill is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 85 at the 2010 census. It is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Minnesota State Highway 4 serves as a main route in the community.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.72 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 85 people, 34 households, and 22 families living in the city. The population density was 118.1 PD/sqmi. There were 39 housing units at an average density of 54.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 34 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 44.8 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.2% were from 25 to 44; 24.7% were from 45 to 64; and 24.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 55 people, 26 households, and 12 families living in the city. The population density was 75.4 PD/sqmi. There were 26 housing units at an average density of 35.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 26 households, out of which 11.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.6% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.8% were non-families. 46.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 30.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.4% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 25.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,833, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,271. There were no families and 11.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 29.4% of those over 64.

title: Spring Hill, Minnesota


text:
St. Anthony, Minnesota (disambiguation)

St. Anthony is the name of more than one place in the U.S. state of Minnesota:
 * St. Anthony, Stearns County, Minnesota
 * St. Anthony, Hennepin County, Minnesota
 * St. Anthony, Minneapolis' old twin city along St. Anthony Falls

title: St. Anthony, Minnesota (disambiguation)


text:
St. Stephen, Minnesota

Saint Stephen is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 797 at the 2020 census.

Saint Stephen is part of the Saint Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
St. Stephen was incorporated in 1914. The city contains one property listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the 1903 Church of St. Stephen and its 1890 rectory.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.68 sqmi, all land.

Main routes include Stearns County Roads 2 and 5. Stearns County Roads 1 and 17 are both nearby.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 851 people, 305 households, and 234 families living in the city. The population density was 231.3 PD/sqmi. There were 316 housing units at an average density of 85.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.1% White, 0.1% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 305 households, of which 42.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.3% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.19.

The median age in the city was 36.4 years. 30.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.4% were from 25 to 44; 23.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.6% male and 48.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 860 people, 289 households, and 238 families living in the city. The population density was 233.9 PD/sqmi. There were 294 housing units at an average density of 80.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.07% White, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population.

There were 289 households, out of which 51.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.7% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 14.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.31.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.9% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 38.0% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $55,078, and the median income for a family was $56,328. Males had a median income of $34,740 versus $25,313 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,445. About 1.7% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Saint Stephen is part of the Sartell-Saint Stephen School District 748.

title: St. Stephen, Minnesota


text:
Pinkham's Grant, New Hampshire

Pinkham's Grant is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The grant lies entirely within the White Mountain National Forest. As of the 2020 United States census, the population of the grant was zero.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

Geography
The grant occupies the center of Pinkham Notch, a major pass in the White Mountains. The elevation at the height of land in the notch is 2032 ft above sea level, while the highest point in the grant is 3050 ft, along Wildcat Ridge on the grant's eastern boundary. New Hampshire Route 16 passes through the grant as it traverses the notch; the highway leads north to Gorham and south to North Conway. The Appalachian Trail crosses the grant through Pinkham Notch.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the grant has a total area of 9.8 km2, of which 0.02 sqkm, or 0.16%, are water. The north side of the grant drains via the Peabody River to the Androscoggin River in Gorham, while the south side is drained by the Ellis River, which runs to the Saco River in Glen.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Green's Grant (north)
 * Bean's Purchase (east)
 * Jackson (southeast)
 * Sargent's Purchase (west)
 * Thompson and Meserve's Purchase (northwest)

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, there were no people living in the grant.

Recreation
The Appalachian Mountain Club's Pinkham Notch Visitor Center in the center of the grant is a popular starting point for hikes up Mount Washington to the west and up Wildcat Mountain to the east. The base of Wildcat Mountain Ski Area is in the eastern part of the grant. A short stretch of the Mount Washington Auto Road, which begins at Glen House in neighboring Green's Grant, passes through the northwestern corner of Pinkham's Grant.

title: Pinkham's Grant, New Hampshire