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Harlowton, Montana

Harlowton is a city in and the county seat of Wheatland County, Montana, United States. The population was 955 at the 2020 census.

The city was once the eastern terminus of electric operations (1914–74) for the "Pacific Extension" of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ("Milwaukee Road"). Here, steam or diesel locomotives were changed or hooked up to electric locomotives for 438 mi trip through the Rocky Mountains to Avery, Idaho. Harlowton was founded in 1900 as a station stop on the Montana Railroad, a predecessor to the Milwaukee, and was named for Richard A. Harlow, the Montana Railroad's president.

History

The Upper Musselshell River Valley is named for the Musselshell River, which got its name from the large number of freshwater mussels found in its river bed. In the fall and winter weather, the bison would migrate to the lower altitudes along the Musselshell River. Early plains hunters, taking advantage of the large bison population, frequented this area. Some of the tribes that traveled through the area were the Crow, Blackfeet, Flathead, Gros Ventre, Northern Cheyenne, Nez Perce, Shoshones, Sioux, and Assiniboine.

Harlowton lies within the Montana High Plains that form a part of the Northwestern Plains. The area is most known archeologically for the line of demarcation which was mutually established between the Crow and Blackfeet tribes that passed through the area. This fifty-mile rock line fence crossed east to west from the Big Snowy Mountains to the Crazy Mountains. The rock line hunting boundary was the cause of several battles in the area.

Within Wheatland County, site surveys have recorded and assigned archaeological site numbers to Sentinel Rock, the Fish Creek Pictograph, Owl Canyon Pictograph, Winnecook Petroglyph, Fortification site, and to several buffalo jumps in the area. The Big Snowy, Little Belt, Castle and Crazy Mountains have produced five wickiup (conical timbered lodges) sites and several pictograph sites.

On May 7, 1868, a treaty with the Crow Nation and the United States Government opened the Musselshell River Valley to settlement.

The first sheep operation on the Upper Musselshell was started by P.J. Moore in 1878. The first large cattle operation in the area was the Chicago Montana Livestock Company in 1882, with S.S. Hobson as part owner and manager.

On June 17, 1907, a fire destroyed 24 buildings on the north side of Harlowton's Main Street. The town was rebuilt, though most of the construction took place on Central Avenue to correspond with the Milwaukee Railroad plot.

The first town election was held on June 6, 1908. Mr. A. T. Anderson was elected mayor.

The grand opening of the Graves Hotel was on June 19, 1909, with a banquet and dance. Andrew Chris Graves was the principal owner. The Graves Hotel was added to the National register of historic places on August 6, 1980.

On February 22, the 1917 legislature passed an act which created Wheatland County from Meagher and Sweet Grass Counties. The act took effect on April 1, 1917. W

Wheatland was the first county in the US to go over its goal in the World War I Liberty Bond drive of 1918. County became the 41st county in Montana, and Harlowton became the county seat. For this effort, a ship, the USS Wheatland (AKA-85), was named after the county.

The 163rd Infantry Regiment is a regiment of the Montana National Guard based in Harlowton. It went overseas with the 41st Infantry Division in World War II.

The Jawbone Creek Country Club is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for being the only golf course with a cemetery in it.

Merino
The town of Merino was officially established in 1881. The name Merino came from the breed of sheep (Merino) that were run in the area by Charles Severance at the time. The trading post owned by John and Archie McEachnie housed the post office, store and saloon. The first railroad into the area was the Montana Railroad (nicknamed the “Jawbone Railroad”) in 1899. The Montana Railroad terminal was located one mile northwest of Merino, so it was decided to relocate the town site. On June 10, 1900 Richard Harlow, father of the Montana Railroad, and Arthur Lombard, surveyor and promoter of the Montana Railroad, auctioned off lots of the new town site.

The name Merino was changed to Harlowton on November 9, 1900. The first building to be erected in the new town site was a barber shop, owned by Thomas Hanzlik.

Big Nose George robbery
In 1878, JV Salazar (Mexican John) was robbed of his horses, grub, and guns near the present site of Harlowton by the noted horse thief George Parrott (Big Nose George). At the time of the Salazar robbery, George Parrott was known to be camping on the Musselshell River with Andrew Garcia, where he was holding a bunch of stolen horses on his way to Canada. Big Nose George was later lynched at Rawlins, Wyoming.

Milwaukee Road
In 1906, the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ("Milwaukee Road") started building west with its route coming though Harlowton. On December 5, 1907, work was started on the Milwaukee Railroad Roundhouse in Harlowton. The first passenger train from the east rolled into Harlowton on March 9, 1908, with freight trains to follow. In 1915 the Milwaukee Railroad was electrified from Harlowton to Avery, Idaho — over 450 mountainous miles. Harlowton became the eastern terminus of electric operations and was known as “the place where electricity replaces steam.” The Milwaukee Railroad dropped its electrified system in 1974, just months before the OPEC oil embargo of the United States. The Milwaukee Railroad was abandoned following a bankruptcy settlement and the last train that went through Harlowton was in March 1980. Milwaukee Road Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 8, 1988. The depot has been converted into the Harlowton Milwaukee Depot Museum.

Paleontology
The town of Harlowton is located in the Fort Union Geological formation and is famous for its Paleocene fossils. In 1902 Albert Silberling, a local homesteader and self-taught paleontologist, discovered the Douglass Quarry southwest of Harlowton. Albert Silberling and Earl Douglass, a Princeton University paleontologist, discovered fossil remains of primitive mammals including the Ptilodus, Phenacodus, and Plesiadapis in the quarries southwest of Harlowton. Albert Silberling's discoveries from fossils excavated in the Harlowton area have subsidized the information about life in the Paleozoic era.

The Rugocaudia cooneyi and Tatankacephalus cooneyorum are two new dinosaur species that were found southwest of Harlowton. The Rugocaudia cooneyi is a new sauropod dinosaur that was described and named by the paleontologist Cary Woodruff in 2012. The genus name Rugocaudia means “wrinkle tail” and the species name honors the landowner J. P. Cooney. The Tatankacephalus is a new ankylosaur dinosaur species found in 1997 by Bill and Kris Parsons, research associates of the Buffalo Museum of Science.

The Avaceratops lammersi dinosaur was found on the Lammers family Careless Creek Ranch northeast of Harlowton and is the first of its kind. The Aveceratops is a small horned dinosaur that belongs to the Ceratopsidaie family. Eddie and Ava Cole discovered the fossil remains in 1981. Dr. Peter Dodson, Professor of Paleontology and Veterinary Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, participated in further excavation and transported the specimen to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. A cast of the Avaceratops lammersi is on display at the Upper Musselshell Museum in Harlowton.

Geography
The town is located on the slopes of the Crazy Mountains. Other surrounding mountain ranges include the Big Snowy Mountains, Little Belt Mountains, Bull Mountains, and the Castle Mountains. It is near the Lewis and Clark National Forest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.58 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Harlowton has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 997 people, 478 households and 267 families residing in the city. The population density was 1719.0 PD/sqmi. There were 585 housing units at an average density of 1008.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.4% White, 0.7% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 478 households, of which 21.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.1% were non-families. 40.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.71.

The median age in the city was 49.8 years. 19.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.3% were from 25 to 44; 29.2% were from 45 to 64; and 26.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 1,062 people, 496 households and 281 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,842.9 PD/sqmi. There were 599 housing units at an average density of 1,039.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.08% White, 0.75% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.98% of the population.

There were 496 households, of which 21.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.3% were non-families. 41.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.79.

20.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 20.0% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 27.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.

The median household income was $23,636 and the median family income was $34,205. Males had a median income of $22,750 compared with $19,265 for females. The per capita income was $13,717. About 4.7% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Agriculture has remained a staple for the local economy. The main products are wheat, barley, oats, hay, cattle, sheep, and honey. There are many businesses supporting the agriculture industry in Harlowton; the Wheatland County Farm Service Agency, veterinary clinics, a feed store, ranch supply store, auto and mechanical shops, hardware stores, and a saddle repair shop.

Major employers are Wheatland Memorial Healthcare, Harlowton High School, Hillcrest Elementary School, Musselshell Ranger District, Midtown Market 2 Grocery Store, Rays Sport and Western Wear, Cream of the West, Rocky Mountain Cookware, TicketPrinting.com, and the Judith Gap Wind Farm.

Harlowton and Wheatland County boast an industrial business segment, with some truly unique products from stone to steel griddles, honey for your local pancakes to event tickets. The wide variety of products span the globe. E S Stone & Structure Incorporated and Montana Rock and Stone LLP have multiple stone quarries around the area from which an extensive line of rock and stone products are produced. Rocky Mountain Cookware manufactures die stamped steel griddles and broilers, it was established in 1992. Steve Park Apiaries provides pollination and offers a variety of beeswax and honey products. Cream of the West whole grain hot cereal was established in 1914 and its production facility was moved to Harlowton in 2002. Eventgroove is an SaaS company offering event ticketing and fundraising platforms, and online printing services for tickets and event products. The main printing facility was opened on September 11, 2001 in Harlowton. Eventgroove is the largest private employer in Wheatland County.

Arts and culture
Harlowton has two museums, the Upper Musselshell Museum and Harlowton Milwaukee Depot Museum. The Upper Musselshell Museum was founded in 1984 by the Victor Fischer family. It occupies two historic buildings and is filled with rotating displays of the Upper Musselshell's history and paleontology. The Museum centerpiece is a full-size replica of the Avaceratops lammersi dinosaur, the first dinosaur found of its kind. The Upper Musselshell Museum is located along Montana's 'Dinosaur Trail' and is open from May until September.

The Milwaukee Depot Museum train depot was built in 1908, it was a "Standard Class A Passenger Station", one of several standardized depot plans used by the Milwaukee Road. The passenger Service was discontinued in 1961, and the depot and yards were abandoned by the Milwaukee in 1980. The depot was restored as a Milwaukee Railroad museum. Displays focus on the history of the town which includes a rich train history.

Harlowton Public Library serves the area.

The Rodeo, Wheatland County Youth Fair, and Harlowton Kiwanis Show are annual events that take place in Harlowton. Within 100 miles are the Nez Perce National Historic Trail, Charles M. Bair Museum, and Showdown Ski Area.

Parks and recreation
The Lewis and Clark National Forest offers plenty of acreage for recreational activities; camping, sightseeing, hunting, OHV riding, snowmobiling, etc. Fishing access sites are located along the Musselshell River or at nearby Deadman's Basin or Martinsdale Reservoir.

There are three parks located within Harlowton: Chief Joseph Park, Deer Park, and Fischer Park. The old Milwaukee Railroad trackbed has been converted into the “Smoking Boomer” trail. Of special interest are the pioneer bronze sculpture (entitled And They Called the Land Montana) and the Veteran's Honor Wall located in front of the Wheatland County Court House.

Education
Harlowton Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. School District 16 includes the Hillcrest Elementary (K-6) and Harlowton High School (7-12). Harlowton High School's team name is the Engineers.

Media
Harlowton's local newspaper is The Times Clarion. It is published weekly.

Infrastructure
U.S. Route 12 passes through town from east to west. U.S. Route 191 enters town from the northeast and exits from the southwest.

Wheatland County Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport located two miles (4 km) northwest of town.

The Judith Gap Wind Farm is located north of Harlowton along US Highway 191. There are 90 wind turbines situated on 8000 acres of land that produce 135 Megawatts of power. The Judith Gap Wind farm was established in 2011 and is owned by Invenergy LLC. The power produced by this facility enters the Northwest Energy grid and is distributed where needed. Other wind farms located near Harlowton are the Musselshell Wind Project by Shawmut, the Two Dot Wind Farm by Two Dot, and Gordon Butte Wind LLC by Martinsdale.

Health facilities include Wheatland Memorial Healthcare, Deer Creek Dental, Remedies Pharmacy, Harlowton Mental Health Center, Public Health & Human Service Department, Massage Therapy, Wheatland County Senior Citizens Center, and Wheatland Memorial Nursing Home. The Wheatland Memorial Healthcare Center has a Clinic, Emergency Room, Laboratory, X-ray, and Physical Therapy Department.

The financial institutions are the Citizens Bank and Trust Company and the Tricounty Federal Credit Union. Offering insurance needs are the Farm Bureau Insurance Company and Mid-Montana Insurance Company. Harlowton has two motels; the Corral Motel and Country Side Inn. There are clothing stores, thrift stores, boutiques, restaurants and saloons.

Notable people

 * S. Stillman Berry, zoologist, died at Winnecook Ranch, near Harlowton
 * Marcel "Dutch" Callant, prominent merchant, established the Callant Family Foundation for the community of Harlowton.
 * Edward Mathias Gans, recipient of the Nation's Doctor of the Year award in 1956.
 * Thomas Patrick Gerrity, former United States general and commander of the Air Force Logistics Command, was born here.
 * Andrew Chris Graves, prominent merchant in Harlowton's early years, built the Graves Hotel and donated the land for the Harlowton Park.
 * Thomas Hanzlik, bought the first lot in Harlowton, there he built the first house and first barbershop in town.
 * Richard Harlow, founder of Harlowton and president of the Montana Railroad.
 * James F. Jenks, paleontologist and geologist, specialist of the Triassic Ammonoidea.
 * Bertha L. Lunceford, Wheatland County's first superintendent of schools.
 * Dick and Mac McQuitty owned the Harlowton Grocery Store. They made possible the building of the McQuitty Football Field in 1950.
 * Albert Silberling, paleontologist, discoverer of the Douglass, Gidley, and Silberling Quarries and some Paleozoic fossils.
 * Thomas Sorboe, Harlowton's first photographer, many of his photographs are on display in the Upper Musselshell Museum and on the Museum of the Rockies website. He was also an architect and helped build many of the first businesses in Harlowton.
 * Ernest Stein, engineer on the Milwaukee Railroad and artisan of elaborate woodwork. His carvings are on display at the Upper Musselshell Museum.
 * Ben Urner, founder of the Urner Mercantile Company, the first business in Harlowton.
 * Bill Wilkerson, artist, writer and engineer on the Milwaukee Road. Wrote a series of books about the Milwaukee and Montana Railroads.

title: Harlowton, Montana


text:
Judith Gap, Montana

Judith Gap is a city in Wheatland County, Montana, United States. The population was 110 at the 2020 census.

History
The railway station here was initially named "Ubet", after A. R. Barrows' nearby stage stop settlement Ubet, Montana. Judith Gap, like the river and mountains, derives its name from Capt. William Clark’s fiancée, Julia (Judith) Hancock.

Judith Gap’s economic prospects soared in 2005 with the construction of a major wind farm.

Geography
Judith Gap is located at 46.67887°N, -109.75315°W (46.678874, -109.753151).

The city is situated in the historic Judith Gap, which is a small gap between the two towering mountain ranges (Big Snowy Mountains and Little Belt Mountains) that separate Central Montana from Southern Montana. This gap has been used by settlers and Native Americans for centuries, including Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce during their famous 1877 flight to Canada.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.38 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 126 people, 64 households, and 34 families residing in the city. The population density was 331.6 PD/sqmi. There were 83 housing units at an average density of 218.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.0% White, 0.8% African American, 2.4% Asian, and 0.8% from two or more races.

There were 64 households, of which 12.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.9% were non-families. 42.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.65.

The median age in the city was 58 years. 10.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.1% were from 25 to 44; 38.9% were from 45 to 64; and 26.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.4% male and 47.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 164 people, 69 households, and 48 families residing in the city. The population density was 440.9 PD/sqmi. There were 94 housing units at an average density of 252.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.46% White, 1.22% African American, 1.22% Native American, 0.61% Asian, and 5.49% from two or more races.

There were 69 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 31.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 121.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $16,979, and the median income for a family was $17,292. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $11,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $8,927. About 33.3% of families and 37.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 65.7% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

Climate
The Köppen Climate System classifies the weather as humid continental, abbreviated as Dfb.

Judith Gap Wind Farm
Because of its topography and prevailing winds, Judith Gap is the site of one of the most ambitious wind power projects in the United States. The 90 wind turbines at the Judith Gap Wind Farm have a nameplate capacity of 135 MW.

Judith Gap Wind Farm

Education
Judith Gap School educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Judith Gap High School's team name is the Tigers.

Judith Gap is part of the Tri-City sports coop with Hobson and Moore.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Judith Gap, Montana


text:
Wibaux, Montana

Wibaux is a town in and the county seat of Wibaux County, Montana, United States. It is the only incorporated town in Wibaux County. The population was 462 at the 2020 census.

History

The town originally had names such as Keith, Beaver, and Mingusville (named for Minnie and Gus Grisy, who ran the Post Office in the late 19th century). In 1895, the town was renamed for prominent local cattle rancher, Pierre Wibaux, who had immigrated to the area from France in 1883. Wibaux expanded his herds by buying stock from less fortunate ranchers.

After Wibaux's arrival, the town became a major cattle shipping center for the Northern Pacific Railroad, notably receiving some of the cattle from Theodore Roosevelt 's Maltese Cross and Elkhorn ranches near Medora, North Dakota. The great cattle drives of the 1880s often passed by Wibaux on their way from Texas to the northern ranges.

Theodore Roosevelt had a famous encounter with a bully at Nolan's Hotel in Wibaux (Mingusville, at the time) shortly after moving to the North Dakota Badlands in 1884. Arriving at the hotel late at night, Roosevelt was accosted by a drunk sheep herder carrying cocked revolvers in both hands, and ordered to buy drinks for the crowd. Roosevelt pretended to move towards the bar, then punched the man three times in quick succession, causing the drunk to fire his revolvers as he fell. The future president then took away the man's guns before several other occupants of the hotel dragged him out into a shed.

Geography
Wibaux is located at Montana's border to North Dakota.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.08 sqmi, all land.

Beaver Creek runs through the town and has been known to contain large walleye and Northern Pike. The area around town also has deer, beavers, wild turkey, and antelope.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wibaux has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Wibaux was 110 F on August 1, 1918, May 29, 1919, and August 7, 1949, while the coldest temperature recorded was -55 F in January 1916.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 589 people, 278 households, and 153 families residing in the town. The population density was 545.4 PD/sqmi. There were 308 housing units at an average density of 285.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.4% White, 0.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 278 households, of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.0% were non-families. 42.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.76.

The median age in the town was 50.4 years. 19.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.7% were from 45 to 64; and 25.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 567 people, 239 households, and 139 families residing in the town. The population density was 532.3 PD/sqmi. There were 321 housing units at an average density of 301.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.06% White, 0.35% African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.18% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.

There were 239 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 26.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 80.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,518, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $25,893 versus $20,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,105. About 2.9% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The main industry in Wibaux is agriculture. The schools, Wibaux County Extension Office, and county government are major employers.

Beaver Creek Brewery is a craft beer brewery in town. They distribute in Montana and North Dakota.

Arts and culture
The Wibaux Museum contains antiques from early settlers, including Pierre Wibaux and his wife Mary Ellen. The original house owned by the couple is part of the museum complex. It, and 3 other locations in town, are included on the National Register of Historic Places. Other sites in the complex are a Montana Centennial Train Car which was an exhibit in the 1964 World's Fair, a livery stable, and a barber shop.

The other locations on the National Register of Historic Places are: the Wibaux Commercial Historic District, which has a self-guided walking tour, St. Peter's Catholic Church, and the Vogt–Nunberg Farm.

Wibaux Public Library serves the area.

At the western end of town, there is a statue of Pierre Wibaux that he commissioned in his will to look over the sloping landscape.

Each year the town holds a summer festival, called the Ski Fest as homage to its predominantly Polish roots. Festivities include a parade, polka music, and a ranch rodeo.

Education
Wibaux Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Wibaux County High School's team name is the Longhorns.

Media
The local newspaper is the Wibaux Pioneer-Gazette. It is published weekly.

The 2002 Vin Diesel movie, Knockaround Guys, was based (although not filmed) in Wibaux.

Infrastructure
Wibaux is the easternmost town in Montana along Interstate 94. Montana Highway 7 extends south to Ekalaka. Highway 261 travels north to Sidney.

The nearest airport with regional flights is in Glendive, Montana about 30 mi away.

title: Wibaux, Montana


text:
Ballantine, Montana

Ballantine is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yellowstone County, Montana, United States. It lies approximately nine miles (14 km) northeast of Billings on Interstate 94. The population was 346 at the 2000 census. Ballantine, along with the communities of Pompey's Pillar, Worden, and Huntley, is part of the Huntley Project, an irrigation district created by the United States Bureau of Reclamation. The majority of Ballantine's population lives on scattered farms and ranches surrounding the actual townsite.

History
Ballantine was founded on land that had been part of the Crow Indian Reservation. In 1896, the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad established Ballantine as a station, named for homesteader E. P. Ballantine. By 1907 the town had a post office and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad had taken over rail operations.

It was in 1907 that Ballantine became part of a federally funded irrigation district, the Huntley Project. Irrigation slowly changed the sagebrush landscape into farms growing sugar beets, alfalfa, and other crops. The population grew slowly and included many European immigrants. Both Catholic and Lutheran religious services were held here, and a Congregational Church was built. The Anita Dam and Reservoir project, about six miles southeast of Ballantine, was completed in 1937 by Civilian Conservation Corps workers.

Geography
Ballantine is located at 45.94861°N, -108.14556°W (45.948587, -108.145650).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 sqmi, all land.

Ballantine is located near Interstate 94, approximately thirty miles east of Billings.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ballantine has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Ballantine was 110 °F on July 5, 1936, while the coldest temperature recorded was -50 °F on February 15, 1936.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 346 people, 130 households, and 95 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 379.3 PD/sqmi. There were 139 housing units at an average density of 152.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.31% White, 0.87% African American, 1.45% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 3.47% from other races, and 4.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.56% of the population.

There were 130 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $30,417, and the median income for a family was $51,875. Males had a median income of $35,938 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,707. About 7.8% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 23.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The school district is Huntley Project K-12 Schools, a K-12 unified school district.

title: Ballantine, Montana


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Billings, Montana

Billings is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Montana, with a population of 117,116 as of the 2020 census. Located in the south-central portion of the state, it is the seat of Yellowstone County and the principal city of the Billings Metropolitan Area, which had a population of 184,167 in the 2020 census. With one of the largest trade areas in the United States, Billings is the trade and distribution center for much of Montana east of the Continental Divide. Billings is also the largest retail destination for much of the same area. The Billings Chamber of Commerce claims the area of commerce covers more than 125,000 sqmi. In 2009, it was estimated to serve over 500,000 people.

Billings was nicknamed the "Magic City" because of its rapid growth from its founding as a railroad town in March 1882. The nearby Crow and Cheyenne peoples called the city Ammalapáshkuua and É'êxováhtóva respectively, meaning 'where they cut wood', named as such because of a sawmill built in the area by early white settlers. The city has experienced rapid growth and maintains a strong economy. From 1969 to 2021, the Billings area population growth was 89%, compared to Montana's overall increase of 59%. Parts of the metro area are seeing hyper growth. From 2000 to 2010 Lockwood, an eastern suburb, saw growth of 57.8%, the largest growth rate of any community in Montana. In 2020, the area experienced its highest growth rate in a decade with a 2.3% increase. Billings avoided the economic downturn that affected most of the nation from 2008 to 2012 as well as the housing bust. With more hotel accommodations than any area within a five-state region, the city hosts a variety of conventions, concerts, sporting events, and other rallies. With the nearby Bakken oil development, the largest oil discovery in U.S. history, as well as the Heath Shale oil discovery north of Billings, the city's growth rate stayed high during the shale oil boom.

Attractions in and around Billings include ZooMontana, the Yellowstone Art Museum, Pompey's Pillar, Pictograph Cave, Chief Plenty Coups State Park, Little Bighorn Battlefield, Bighorn Canyon, Red Lodge Mountain, and the Beartooth Highway. The northeast entrance to Yellowstone National Park is a little over 100 mi from Billings.

Name
The city is named for Frederick H. Billings, a former president of the Northern Pacific Railroad from Woodstock, Vermont. An earlier name for the area was Clark's Fork Bottom.

The Crow people from the nearby Crow Indian Reservation call the city Ammalapáshkuua. It means 'where they cut wood', and is named as such because of a sawmill built in the area by early white settlers. The Cheyenne from the nearby Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation referred to the city as É'êxováhtóva and the Gros Ventre from the nearby Fort Belknap Indian Reservation referred to it as ʔóhuutébiθɔnɔ́ɔ́nh, both also named for the sawmill, or translations of the Crow name.

Prehistory
The downtown core and much of the rest of Billings is in the Yellowstone Valley, a canyon carved out by the Yellowstone River. Around 80 million years ago, the Billings area was on the shore of the Western Interior Seaway. The sea deposited sediment and sand around the shoreline. As the sea retreated, it left a deep layer of sand. Over millions of years, this sand was compressed into stone known as Eagle Sandstone. Over the last million years the river has carved its way down through this stone to form the canyon walls known as the Billings Rimrocks or the Rims.

The Pictograph Caves are about five miles south of downtown. These caves contain over 100 pictographs (rock paintings), the oldest of which is over 2,000 years old. Approximately 30,000 artifacts (including stone tools and weapons) have been excavated from the site. These excavations have proven the area has been occupied since at least 2600 BC until after AD 1800.

The Crow Indians have called the Billings area home since about 1700. The present-day Crow Nation is just south of Billings.

Lewis and Clark Expedition
In July 1806, William Clark (of the Lewis and Clark Expedition) passed through the Billings area. On July 25 he arrived at what is now known as Pompey's Pillar and wrote in his journal "... at 4 P M arrived at a remarkable rock, i ascended this rock and from its top had a most extensive view in every direction." Clark carved his name and the date into the rock, leaving the only remaining physical evidence of their expedition. He named the place Pompey's Tower, naming it after the son of his Shoshone interpreter and guide Sacajawea. In 1965, Pompey's Pillar was designated as a national historic landmark, and was proclaimed a national monument in January 2001. An interpretive center has been built next to the monument.

Coulson/Billings

The area where Billings is today was known as Clark's Fork Bottom. Clark's Fork Bottom was to be the hub for hauling freight to Judith and Musselshell Basins. At the time these were some of the most productive areas of the Montana Territory. The plan was to run freight up Alkali Creek, now part of Billings Heights, to the basins and Fort Benton on the Hi-Line.

In 1877, settlers from the Gallatin Valley area of the Montana Territory formed Coulson the first town of the Yellowstone Valley. The town was started when John Alderson built a sawmill and convinced PW McAdow to open a general store and trading post on land Alderson owned on the bank of the Yellowstone River. The store went by the name of Headquarters, and soon other buildings and tents were being built as the town began to grow. At this time before the coming of the railroad, most goods coming to and going from the Montana Territory were carried on paddle riverboats. It is believed it was decided to name the new town Coulson in an attempt to attract the Coulson Packet Company that ran riverboats between St Louis and many points in the Montana Territory. In spite of their efforts the river was traversed only once by paddle riverboat to the point of the new town.

Coulson was a rough town of dance halls and saloons and not a single church. The town needed a sheriff and the famous mountain man John "Liver-Eating" Johnson took the job. Many disagreements were settled with a gun in the coarse Wild West town. Soon a graveyard was needed and Boothill Cemetery was created. It was called Boothill because most of the people in it were said to have died with their boots on. Today, Boothill Cemetery sits within Billings' city limits and is the only remaining physical evidence of Coulson's existence.

When the railroad came to the area, Coulson residents were sure the town would become the railroads hub and Coulson would soon be the Territories largest city. The railroad only had claim to odd sections and it had two sections side-by-side about two miles west of Coulson. Being able to make far more money by creating a new town on these two sections the railroad decided to create the new town of Billings, the two towns existed side by side for a short time with a trolley even running between them. However, most of Coulson's residents moved to the new booming town of Billings. In the end Coulson faded away with the last remains of the town disappearing in the 1930s. Today Coulson Park, a Billings city park, sits on the river bank where Coulson once was.

Early railroad town
Named after the Northern Pacific Railway president Frederick H. Billings, the city was founded in 1882. The Railroad formed the city as a western railhead for its further westward expansion. At first the new town had only three buildings but within just a few months it had grown to over 2,000. This spurred Billings' nickname of the Magic City because, like magic, it seemed to appear overnight.

The nearby town of Coulson appeared a far more likely site. Coulson was a rough-and-tumble town where arguments were often followed by gunplay. Liver-Eating Johnson was a lawman in Coulson. Perhaps the most famous person to be buried in Coulson's Boothill cemetery is H.M. "Muggins" Taylor, the scout who carried the news of Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn to the world. Most buried here were said to have died with their boots on. The town of Coulson had been on the Yellowstone River, which made it ideal for the commerce steamboats brought up the river. However, when the Montana & Minnesota Land Company oversaw the development of potential railroad land, they ignored Coulson, and platted the new town of Billings just a couple of miles to the northwest. Coulson quickly faded away; most of her residents were absorbed into Billings. Yet, for a short time, the two towns coexisted; a trolley even ran between them. But ultimately there was no future for Coulson as Billings grew. Though it stood on the banks of the Yellowstone River only a couple of miles from the heart of present-day downtown Billings, the city of Billings never built on the land where Coulson once stood. Today Coulson Park sits along the banks of the Yellowstone where the valley's first town once stood.

20th century
By the 1910 census, Billings' population had risen to 10,031, ranking it the sixth fastest-growing community in the nation. Billings became an energy center in the early years of the twentieth century with the discovery of oil fields in Montana and Wyoming. Then the discovery of large natural gas and coal reserves secured the city's rank as first in energy. In the early 20th century, its served as regional trading center and energy hub for eastern Montana and northern Wyoming, an area then known as the Midland Empire.

After World War II, Billings became the region's major financial, medical and cultural center. Billings has had rapid growth from its founding; in its first 50 years growth was, at times, as high as 200 to 300 percent per decade.

Billings growth has remained robust throughout the years. In the 1950s, it growth rate was 66 percent. The 1973 oil embargo by OPEC spurred an oil boom in eastern Montana, northern Wyoming and western North Dakota. With this increase in oil production, Billings became the headquarters for energy sector companies. In 1975 and 1976, the Colstrip coal-fire generation plants 1 and 2 were completed; plants 3 and 4 started operating in 1984 and 1986.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Billings saw major growth in its downtown core; the first high-rise buildings to be built in Montana were erected. In 1980, the 22-floor Sheraton Hotel was completed. Upon its completion, it was declared "the tallest load-bearing brick masonry building in the world" by the Brick Institute of America. During the 1970s and 1980s, other major buildings were constructed in the downtown core; the Norwest Building (now Wells Fargo), Granite Tower, Sage Tower, the MetraPark arena, the TransWestern Center, many new city-owned parking garages, and the First Interstate Center, the tallest building in Montana.

With the completion of large sections of the interstate system in Montana in the 1970s, Billings became a shopping destination for an ever-larger area. The 1970s and 1980s saw new shopping districts and shopping centers developed in the Billings area. In addition to the other shopping centers, two new malls were developed, and Rimrock Mall was redeveloped and enlarged, on what was then the city's west end. Cross Roads Mall was built in Billings Heights, and West Park Plaza mall in midtown. Several new business parks were also developed on the city's west end during this period.

Billings was affected by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in May; the city received about 1 in of ash on the ground. The Yellowstone fires of 1988 blanketed Billings in smoke for weeks.

In the 1990s, the service sector in the city increased with the development of new shopping centers built around big box stores which built multiple outlets in the Billings area. With the addition of more interchange exits along I-90, additional hotel chains and service industry outlets are being built in Billings. Development of business parks and large residential developments on the city's west end, South Hills area, Lockwood, and the Billings Heights were all part of the 1990s. Billings received the All-America City Award in 1992.

21st century

In the 21st century, Billings saw the development of operations centers in the city's business parks and downtown core by such national companies as GE, Wells Fargo, and First Interstate Bank. The Downtown Billings Alliance led efforts to transform downtown in order to increase economic and civic opportunities. In 2002, Skypoint was completed. This artistic structure provides a defining area to host events. Downtown saw a renaissance of the historic area as building after building was restored. In 2007, Billings was designated a Preserve America Community.

Various changes were made to make the city more environmentally friendly. The MET Transit Center for city buses received LEED Platinum status in 2010. This was the first transportation facility in the US to do so. In 2022, Billings received LEED Gold certification, the first city to do so in Montana and the 21st globally. Projects to achieve this status included increased efficiency at the water and waste water treatment plant, adding electric city buses and EV charging stations, and adding a conservation area to the west-end.

Significant road developments began, providing infrastructure for city growth. In 2000, a new exit on Interstate 90 was completed. Zoo Drive exit provides ease of access to the quickly growing west-end area. The Yellowstone River bridge is being rebuilt as part of the Billings Bypass project, which will create a new arterial roadway from Lockwood to the Heights.

The city saw a significant growth in businesses. With the completion of the Shiloh interchange exit, the TransTech Center was developed and more hotels were built. In 2010 the Shiloh corridor was open for business with the completion of the Shiloh parkway, a 4.8 mi multi-lane street with eight roundabouts. Other new centers include Billings Town Square and West Park Promenade, Montana's first open-air shopping mall. In 2009, Fortune Small Business magazine named Billings the best small city in which to start a business.

On June 20, 2010 (Father's Day), a tornado touched down in the downtown core and Heights sections of Billings. The MetraPark Arena and area businesses suffered major damage.

In the 2010s, Eastern Montana and North Dakota experienced an energy boom due to the Bakken formation, the largest oil discovery in U.S. history.

Geography

Two-thirds of the city is in the Yellowstone Valley and the South Hills area and one-third in the Heights-Lockwood area. The city is divided by the Rims, long cliffs, also called the Rimrocks. The Rims run to the north and east of the downtown core, separating it from the Heights to the north and Lockwood to the east, with the cliffs to the north being 500 ft tall and to the east of downtown, the face rises 800 ft. The elevation of Billings is 3,126 ft above sea level. The Yellowstone River runs through the southeast portion of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 43.52 sqmi, of which 43.41 sqmi is land and 0.11 sqmi is water.

Around Billings, seven mountain ranges can be viewed. The Bighorn Mountains have over 200 lakes and two peaks that rise to over 13000 ft: Cloud Peak, at 13167 ft and Black Tooth Mountain, at 13005 ft. The Pryor Mountains directly south of Billings rise to a height of 8,822 ft and are unlike any other landscape in Montana. They are also home the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range. The Beartooth Mountains are the location of Granite Peak, which at 12807 ft is the highest point in the state of Montana. The Beartooth Highway, a series of steep zigzags and switchbacks along the Montana–Wyoming border, rises to 10,947 ft. It was called "the most beautiful drive in America" by Charles Kuralt. The Beartooth Mountains are just northeast of Yellowstone National Park. The Crazy Mountains to the west rise to a height of 11,209 ft at Crazy Peak, the tallest peak in the range. Big Snowy Mountains, with peaks of 8,600 ft, are home to Crystal Lake. The Bull Mountains are a low-lying heavily forested range north of Billings Heights. The Absaroka Range stretches about 150 mi across the Montana–Wyoming border, and 75 mi at its widest, forming the eastern boundary of Yellowstone National Park.

Climate
Downtown Billings has a cold semi arid climate (Köppen: Bsk ), with dry, hot summers, and cold, dry winters. However, areas outside of downtown can have a hot-summer continental climate, even with the -3 °C isotherm, due to the urban heat island effect, as exemplified by the Billings Logan International Airport. In the summer, the temperature can rise to over 100 °F on an average of 1 to 3 days per year, while the winter will bring temperatures below 0 F on an average of 12.9 days per year. The snowfall averages 57.4 in a year, but because of warm chinook winds that pass through the region during the winter, snow does not usually accumulate heavily or remain on the ground for long: the greatest depth has been 33 in on April 5, 1955, after a huge storm which dumped 4.22 in of water equivalent precipitation as snow in the previous three days under temperatures averaging 26.7 F.

The snowiest year on record was 2017–18, with 106.1 in, topping the 2013–14 previous record of 103.5 in. The first freeze of the season on average arrives by October 6 and the last is May 5. Spring and autumn in Billings are usually mild, but brief. Winds, while strong at times, are considered light compared with the rest of Montana and the Rocky Mountain Front.

Due to its location, Billings is susceptible to severe summer weather as well. On June 20, 2010, a tornado touched down in the Billings Heights and Downtown sections of the city. The tornado was accompanied by hail up to golf ball size, dangerous cloud-to-ground lightning, and heavy winds. The tornado destroyed a number of businesses and severely damaged the 12,000-seat MetraPark Arena.

Sections
Billings has many sections that comprise the whole of the city. The sections are often defined by Billings unique physical characteristics. For example, a 500 ft cliff known as the "Rims" separates the Heights from downtown Billings.

There are 11 boroughs called "sections" within Billings' city limits.

Neighborhoods and zones
The south side of Billings is probably the oldest residential area in the city, and it is the city's most culturally diverse neighborhood. South Park is an old-growth City park, host to several food fairs and festivals in the summer months. The Bottom Westend Historic District is home to many of Billings' first mansions. Midtown, the most densely populated portion of the city is in the midst of gentrification on a level few, if any, areas in Montana have ever seen. New growth is mainly concentrated on Billings West End, where Shiloh Crossing is a new commercial development, anchored by Scheels, Montana's largest retail store. Residentially, the West End is characterized by upper income households. Denser, more urban growth is occurring in Josephine Crossing, one of Billings' many new contemporary neighborhoods. Downtown is a blend of small businesses and office space, together with restaurants and a walkable brewery district. The Heights, defined as the area of the city northeast of the Metra, is predominantly residential, and a new school was recently completed in 2016 to accommodate growth in the neighborhood.

Surrounding areas
Billings is the principal city of the Billings Metropolitan Statistical Area. The metropolitan area consists of three counties: Yellowstone, Stillwater, and Carbon. The population of the entire metropolitan area was at 184,167 in the 2020 Census.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 104,170 people, 43,945 households, and 26,194 families residing in the city. The population density was 2399.7 PD/sqmi. There were 46,317 housing units at an average density of 1067.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.6% White, 4.4% Native American, 0.8% Black, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.2% of the population.

There were 43,945 households, of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.4% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.6% of residents under the age of 18; 9.8% between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% from 25 to 44; 26.3% from 45 to 64; and 15% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age in the city was 37.5 years. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

Income
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $35,147, and the median income for a family was $45,032. The per capita income for the city was $19,207. As of 2021, the median household income had risen to $63,608, slightly higher than the statewide median income of $60,560. Per capita income was $37,976. About 9.2% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over. 36.6% of the population has a bachelor's degree or higher.

Economy
Billings' location was essential to its initial economic success. Billings' future as a major trade and distribution center was basically assured from its founding as a railroad hub due to its geographic location. As Billings quickly became the region's economic hub, it outgrew the other cities in the region. The Billings trade area serves over a half million people. A major trade and distribution center, the city is home to many regional headquarters and corporate headquarters. Because Montana has no sales tax, Billings is a retail destination for much of Wyoming, North and South Dakota as well as much of Montana east of the Continental Divide. $1 out of every $7 spent on retail purchases in Montana is spent in Billings. The percentage of wholesale business transactions done in Billings is even stronger: Billings accounts for more than a quarter of the wholesale business for the entire state (these figures do not include Billings portion of sales for Wyoming and the Dakotas). Billings is an energy center because it sits amidst the largest coal reserves in the United States, as well as large oil and natural gas fields.

In 2009, Fortune Small Business magazine named Billings the best small city in which to start a business. Billings has a diverse economy including a large and rapidly growing medical corridor that includes inpatient and outpatient health care. Billings has a large service sector including retail, hospitality and entertainment. The metro area is also home to commercial and residential construction, building materials manufacturing and distribution, professional services, financial services, banking, trucking, higher education (4 campuses, 19 others have a physical presence/classes), auto parts wholesaling and repair services, passenger and cargo air, cattle, media, printing, heavy equipment sales and service, business services, consumer services, food distribution, agricultural chemical manufacturing and distribution, energy exploration and production, surface and underground mining, and metal fabrication, providing a diverse and robust economy.

Agriculture is Montana's #1 industry. Billings contributes to this economy with the Western Sugar Cooperative Plant, processing multi-million dollar crops of sugar beets each year. Other crops include alfalfa, wheat, barley, and corn. Billings has 2 livestock auction locations out of the 13 statewide. Several farm and ranch supply stores are located in Billings, providing for the large retail radius the city serves. Meadow Gold has a milk processing center in the town.

Billings plays a vital part in the energy sector. Out of Montana's 4 oil refineries, 3 of those are in Yellowstone County. Montana has about three-tenths of the nation's estimated recoverable coal reserves. In 2022, a large pumped hydro storage project was planned near Billings.

Corporate headquarters include Kampgrounds of America, First Interstate Bank, and The Waggoners Trucking. Billings also has a nearby facility for Molson Coors, a manufacturing facility for Coca-Cola, and several other food and beverage distributors. Some major employers include St. John's Lutheran Ministries, Avitus Group, Franz Bakery, and Komatsu.

Museums

 * Moss Mansion Historic House Museum
 * Western Heritage Center
 * Wise Wonders Children's Museum
 * Yellowstone Art Museum
 * Yellowstone County Museum

Historic Areas

 * Billings Depot
 * Downtown Historic District
 * Boothill Cemetery
 * Black Otter Trail
 * Yellowstone Kelly's Grave

Zoos

 * ZooMontana, 70 acre zoo and botanical garden

MetraPark
MetraPark, currently called "First Interstate Arena at MetraPark" due to sponsorship, is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose building that was completed in 1975. METRA stands for "Montana Entertainment Trade and Recreation Arena". It is the largest indoor venue in Montana and is used for concerts, rodeos, ice shows, motor sports events, and more.

Alberta Bair Theater
The Alberta Bair Theater is a 1,400-seat performing arts venue noted for its 20-ton capacity hydraulic lift that raises and lowers the stage apron. Opened in 1931 and originally called the Fox Theater, it was renamed in 1987 in honor of Alberta Bair and her substantial donations that helped fund the building's renovation.

Eagle Seeker Community Center
Built in 1950, the Eagle Seeker Community Center (formerly the Shrine Auditorium) is a smaller, cost-effective venue that has hosted national shows. It seats 2,340 for concerts and offers 550 off-street parking spots.

Dehler Park
Dehler Park is a multi-use stadium that is home of the Billings Mustangs, a Pioneer League baseball team. It replaced Cobb Field and Athletic Park swimming pool in the summer of 2008. Dehler Park has a capacity of 3,500 to over 6,000.

Wendy's Field
Wendy's Field at Daylis Stadium is a local stadium used for high school games. It is next to Billings Senior High.

Centennial Ice Arena
Centennial Ice Arena is home to the Billings Amateur Hockey League, Figure Skating Clubs and Adult Hockey.

Babcock Theater

The Babcock Theater is a 750-seat performing arts theater in Billings, Montana. It was built in 1907 and at the time was considered the largest theater between Minneapolis and Seattle. Purchased by the City of Billings in 2018, it hosts events and shows movies by Art House Cinema.

Alterowitz Arena
This 4,000-seat venue primarily hosts MSU Billings sports, local events, and some national touring events. This facility has gyms, racket ball courts as well as an Olympic-size pool with bleachers for aquatic events.

Fortin Center
Fortin Center is a 3,000-seat arena on the campus of Rocky Mountain College used primarily for the college's sporting events.

Arts

 * Backyard Theatre
 * Billings Public Library
 * Billings Studio Theater
 * Billings Symphony Orchestra
 * Billings Youth Orchestra
 * NOVA: Performing Arts Center
 * Sacrifice Cliff Theatre Co.
 * Yellowstone Chamber Players
 * Yellowstone Repertory Theatre

Events

 * Billings Pride Week (June)
 * Strawberry Festival (July)
 * MontanaFair (August)
 * Billings Artwalk (first Friday of every other month at downtown businesses)

Breweries and distilleries
With nine microbreweries in the metropolitan area, Billings has more breweries than any community in Montana. The downtown breweries include Montana Brewing Co., Thirsty Street Tap Room, Angry Hank's Tap Room, Carters Brewery, and Überbrew. Downtown Billings is also home to two distilleries, offering a variety of handcrafted spirits & cocktails. On the city's West End, you'll find several other breweries and a third distillery. The Billings Brew Trail features all of the distilleries & breweries across the city, as well as a cider house and a winery. The downtown portion of the Brew Trail features the largest walkable brewery district in Montana.

Sports

 * Billings Mustangs, an independent Pioneer League baseball team that was formerly (up through 2020) affiliated with the Cincinnati Reds
 * Billings Outlaws, a CIF indoor football team that plays at First Interstate Arena.
 * The NILE (Northern International Livestock Exposition) Rodeo at First Interstate Arena
 * Great American Championship Motorcycle Hill Climb, billed as "The Oldest, Richest and Biggest Motorcycle Hill Climb in the United States"

Parks and recreation

 * Lake Elmo State Park
 * Rimrocks ("The Rims")
 * Skypoint
 * Yellowstone Kelly Interpretive Site
 * Zimmerman Park

Government

Billings is the county seat of Yellowstone County, the most populous county in Montana. It is also the location of the James F. Battin Federal Courthouse, one of five federal courthouses for the District of Montana.

Billings is governed via the mayor council system. There are ten members of the city council who are elected from one of five wards with each ward electing two members. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. Both the mayor and council members are officially nonpartisan. The city charter, also called the Billings, Montana City Code (BMCC) was established 1977.

Unlike some other cities in Montana, Billings' city ordinances do not contain provisions that forbid discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. An effort to pass a non-discrimination ordinance in Billings failed in 2014, after then-mayor Tom Hanel cast a tie-breaking vote against it at the conclusion of a meeting that lasted 8.5 hours. An effort to introduce an NDO measure to the City Council was briefly floated in September 2019 by a city council member, but was abandoned approximately a month later.

Public
Billings Public Schools has two components: Billings Elementary School District and Billings High School District.

There are six elementary school districts covering portions of Billings: Most of it is in Billings Elementary School District, and other portions are in: Elysian Elementary School District, Elder Grove Elementary School District, Canyon Creek Elementary School District, Blue Creek Elementary School District, and Independent Elementary School District. All of Billings is in Billings High School District.

Billings Public Schools consists of 22 elementary schools, six middle schools, and three high schools (Senior High, Skyview High, and West High) that have approximately 15,715 students and 1,850 full-time employees. District 3, Independent, and Elder Grove School Districts each have one elementary school, those being Blue Creek Elementary, Elder Grove Elementary, and Independent Elementary, respectively. Canyon Creek School District operates Canyon Creek School, which serves grades K–8.

Private

 * Billings Catholic Schools
 * Billings Central Catholic High School (grades 9–12)
 * St. Francis Catholic School (grades K–8)
 * St. Francis Daycare
 * Trinity Lutheran School (grades K–8)
 * Billings Christian Schools (grades Pre–12)
 * Billings Educational Academy (grades K–12)
 * Grace Montessori Academy (grades Pre–8)
 * Sunrise Montessori (grades Pre–5)

Colleges and universities

Billings has three institutions of higher learning. Montana State University Billings (MSU Billings) is part of the state university system, while Rocky Mountain College and Rocky Vista University are private.

Public
Montana State University Billings was founded in 1927 as Eastern Montana Normal College to train teachers. The name was shortened to Eastern Montana College in 1949, and it was given its present name when the Montana State University System reorganized in 1994. The university offers associate/bachelor's/master's degrees and certificates in fields such as business, education, and medicine. Around 4,000 students attend MSU Billings.

City College at MSU Billings was established in 1969 as the Billings Vocational-Technical Education Center. Its governance was passed to the Montana University System Board of Regents in 1987, when it became known as the College of Technology. It was officially merged with MSU Billings (then known as Eastern Montana College) in 1994. The name was changed to the present name in 2012. Known as the "comprehensive two-year college arm" of MSU Billings, the college offers degrees and programs in a variety of fields, including automotive, business, computer technology, and nursing.

Private
Through the marriage of three institutions of higher learning, Rocky Mountain College is Montana's oldest college. Rocky Mountain College (RMC) was founded in 1878. The campus that became RMC was known as the Billings Polytechnic Institute until 1947, when it joined the Montana Collegiate Institute in Deer Lodge (Montana's first institution of higher learning) and Intermountain Union College in Helena to form to Rocky Mountain College. During the 2013 fall semester, there were 1,068 students attending Rocky Mountain College. The college offers 50 majors offered in 24 different fields including art, education, music, psychology, and theater. RMC is affiliated with the United Church of Christ, the United Methodist Church, and the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).

Rocky Vista University, a private for-profit school of osteopathic medicine, operates the Montana College of Osteopathic Medicine. The campus, completed in 2023, is located in western Billings. Classes began the same year. The university later announced plans to establish a College of Veterinary Medicine at the Billings campus by 2026.

Yellowstone Christian College was headquartered in Billings from 1974 to 2021, when it moved to Kalispell.

Newspapers
The largest media market in Montana and Wyoming, Billings is serviced by a variety of print media. Newspaper service includes the Billings Gazette, a daily morning broadsheet newspaper printed in Billings, Montana, and owned by Lee Enterprises. It is the largest daily newspaper in Montana, with a Sunday circulation of 52,000 and a weekday circulation of 47,000. It publishes three editions: the state edition, which circulates in most of Eastern Montana and all of South Central Montana; the Wyoming edition, which circulates in Northern Wyoming; and the city edition, which circulates in Yellowstone County.

Yellowstone County News is the next leading print newspaper, owned by Jonathan & Tana McNiven. It is published on a weekly basis and provides news and columns for "Yellowstone County and the communities of Lockwood, Shepherd, Huntley, Worden, Ballanatine, Pompey's Pillar, Custer and Billings." It is also recognized as the Publication of Record for both the City of Billings and Yellowstone County.

Other publications include other more specialized weekly and monthly publications, like the Billings Times, a weekly legal/statistical newspaper.

Magazines
Billings has several community magazines including Magic City Magazine, which features local feature stories and unique human interest pieces, and Yellowstone Valley Woman. The Billings Beet provides the region with satirical news.

Television and radio
The Billings area has four major non-news television stations, two major news television stations, one community television station, four PBS channels and several Low-Power Television (LPTV) channels. The major TV stations include KTVQ channel 2 (CBS affiliate and part of the Montana Television Network [MTN]), KHMT channel 4 (FOX affiliate), KSVI channel 6 (ABC affiliate with The CW on DT2), KULR-TV channel 8 (NBC affiliate) and PBS member station KBGS-TV on channel 16.

It is also served by twenty-two commercial radio stations, Yellowstone Public Radio (NPR), and a Low-Power (LP) radio station. KFHW-LP is a radio station at 101.1 FM in Billings, an extension of the Yellowstone County News, also known as "YCN Radio" and/or "YCN Sports & Radio."

Infrastructure
The Billings Canal (aka, The Big Ditch), used for irrigation, runs through Billings.

Airports
Billings Logan International Airport is close to downtown; it sits on top of the Rims, a 500 ft cliff that overlooks the downtown core. Scheduled passenger service and air cargo flights operate from this airfield.

The Laurel Municipal Airport is a publicly owned public-use airport in Laurel, Montana, 11 mi southwest of downtown Billings. It has three runways exclusively serving privately operated general aviation aircraft and helicopters.

Public transportation

The Billings METropolitan Transit is Billings' public transit system. MET Transit provides fixed-route and paratransit bus service to the City of Billings. All MET buses are accessible by citizens who use wheelchairs and other mobility devices. They are wheelchair lift-equipped and accessible to all citizens who are unable to use the stairs. MET buses are equipped with bike racks for their bike-riding passengers. There are Westend and Downtown transit centers allowing passengers to connect with all routes. The Billings Bus Terminal is served by Express Arrow, Greyhound, and Jefferson Lines, which also provide regional and interstate bus service.

Trail system

Billings has an extensive trail system running throughout the metro area. The rapidly expanding trail system, known as the Heritage trail system, has a large variety of well-maintained trails and pathways.

Highways

Interstate 90 runs east–west through the southern portion of Billings, serving as a corridor between Billings Heights, Lockwood, Downtown, South Hills, Westend, Shiloh, and Laurel. East of Downtown, between Billings Heights and Lockwood, Interstate 90 connects with Interstate 94, which serves as an east–west corridor between Shepherd, Huntley, Lockwood, Downtown, South Hills, Westend, Shiloh, and Laurel via its connection with I-90.

Montana Highway 3 is a north–south highway that runs along the edge of the North Rims connecting Downtown and the West End with the Rehberg Ranch, Indian Cliffs and Billings Heights. U.S. Highway 87 runs through the center of Billings Heights and is known as Main Street within the city limits. This is the busiest section of roadway in the state of Montana. It connects to U.S. Highway 87 East, which runs through Lockwood as Old Hardin Road.

The 2012 Billings area I-90 corridor planning study recommended many improvements to the corridor from Laurel through Lockwood, such as the addition of lanes and the reconstruction of many of the bridges, interchanges and on-off ramps. These recommendations are being implemented via the I-90 Yellowstone River Project, which will widen the corridor to three lanes between the North 27th Street and Lockwood interchanges, and the East Laurel–West Billings project, which includes multiple upgrades between the Mossman (East Laurel) and West Billings interchanges. Both projects are slated for completion in 2024.

The Billings Bypass will create a new and more direct connection between the Billings Heights and Lockwood by connecting I-90 with Montana Highway 87 and Old Highway 312. The project will include a new bridge over the Yellowstone River (completed in 2023) and the reconstruction of the I-90 Johnson Lane Interchange. The Billings Bypass is tentatively set for completion in 2027.

Rail
There is currently no service, though until 1979 Amtrak's North Coast Hiawatha stopped at the Billings Depot, serving a Chicago to Seattle route. Before Amtrak, Billings was well-served by Northern Pacific, Great Northern, and Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy railroads with direct routes to Kansas City, Denver, Chicago, Great Falls, and the West Coast. (Billings was the northern and western terminus for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad).

The Big Sky Passenger Rail Authority was formed in 2020 to advocate for restoring Amtrak's North Coast Hiawatha route. In 2023, the organization was awarded $500,000 by the Corridor Identification and Development Program to explore the proposal's logistics and feasibility. The North Coast Hiawatha received further recognition from its identification in the 2024 Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study.

Healthcare
The city's rapidly growing health care sector employed nearly 13,000 people in 2012; they earned $641 million in wages, or about 20 percent of all wages in the city. Employment doubled in 25 years and wage rates in constant dollars grew by 162 percent. The city has two hospitals with Level I Trauma Center status: St. Vincent Regional Hospital and Billings Clinic.

St. Vincent Regional Hospital was founded in 1898 by the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth as St. Vincent Hospital. The name was changed to the present name in 2024. In 2011, the hospital and its 30 clinics employed approximately 2,100 people and received more than 400,000 patient visits each year. In 2022, the hospital announced plans to build a new 295-bed facility as a replacement for its current building. The following year, it achieved Level I Trauma Center status. It is the second largest hospital in the state, behind Billings Clinic. St. Vincent Regional Hospital is run by Intermountain Health, which operates over 30 hospitals across the mountain west, including two others in Montana.

Billings Clinic started in 1911 as the general practice of Dr. Arthur J. Movius. By 1939, three new general practitioners had joined Dr. Movius's practice and the name was changed to The Billings Clinic. Billings Deaconess Hospital (founded in 1907) merged with Billings Clinic in 1990 to form the current hospital. Billings Clinic now employs over 4,500 people, including nearly 600 physicians, and is one of the largest employers in Montana. In January 2013, Billings Clinic was added to the Mayo Clinic Care Network, only the 12th hospital nationally to be added to the network and the only such health system in Montana. In 2023, Billings Clinic became the first Level I Trauma Center in Montana and Wyoming.

Other medical facilities include the Northern Rockies Radiation Oncology Center, Rimrock Foundation (addiction treatment both inpatient and outpatient), Advanced Care Hospital of Montana (a 40-bed long-term acute-care hospital), South Central Montana Mental Health Center, Billings VA Community-Based Outpatient Clinic, Billings Clinic Research Center (pharmaceutical field trials, osteoporosis are two long-time focuses), Billings MRI, City/County Public Health's Riverstone Health, HealthSouth Surgery Center and Physical Therapy offices, Baxter/Travenol BioLife plasma collection center, and many independent practices.

Public safety
The Billings Police Department is the main law enforcement agency in Billings. It is the largest city police force in Montana, with about 162 sworn officers and 80 civilian employees. There are nine police beats.

The Billings Fire Department was founded in 1883 as a volunteer fire company named the Billings Fire Brigade. The Yellowstone Hook and Ladder Company was founded in 1886; that company was disbanded in 1888 after the mayor criticized the group for how that handled a fire, leaving the town without a fire department for almost six months. The last volunteer fire company, Maverick Hose Company, served as the city's fire department until 1918. The modern fire department has seven stations, employs 114 people, and received a class three rating by ISO.

Notable people
More widely famous people who have lived in Billings include:

Historical

 * Frank Borman, astronaut
 * Albert D. Cooley, aviator and Lieutenant general, USMC; Navy Cross
 * Will James, artist and author
 * Calamity Jane, frontierswoman
 * Liver-Eating Johnson, mountain man and sheriff
 * Terry C. Johnston, western novelist
 * Charles Lindbergh, aviator

Sports

 * Gary Albright, wrestler
 * Carolin Babcock, tennis player
 * Jeff Ballard, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Ed Breding, former NFL player
 * Julie Brown, distance runner
 * Kurt Burris, former NFL player
 * Mike Burton, Olympic gold medalist in swimming
 * Ruben Castillo, boxer
 * Jim Creighton, former NBA player
 * Mitch Donahue, former NFL player
 * Dwan Edwards, NFL player
 * Brad Holland, former NBA player
 * Chris Horn, former AFL and NFL player
 * Dave McNally, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Roy McPipe, former ABA player
 * Andy Moog, former NHL player
 * Brent Musburger, sportscaster
 * Nich Pertuit, football player
 * Kirk Scrafford, former NFL player
 * Greg Smith, former NHL player
 * Leslie Spalding, LPGA golfer
 * Keith Wortman, former NFL player

Arts and entertainment

 * Carson Allen, singer and musician
 * Stanley Anderson, actor
 * Katie Blair, Miss Montana Teen USA 2006, Miss Teen USA 2006
 * John Dahl, movie director
 * Annie Duke, professional poker player and author
 * Bob Enevoldsen, jazz multi-instrumentalist
 * Andrea Fraser, artist
 * Arlo Guthrie, folk singer
 * Ethel Hays, cartoonist and illustrator
 * David T. Hanson, environmental photographer
 * Will James, western artist
 * Brandon Jovanovich, opera singer
 * Wesley Kimler, artist
 * Jeff Kober, actor
 * Leo Kottke, musician
 * Wally Kurth, actor
 * Joyce La Mers, author of light poetry
 * Bud Luckey, Academy Award Nominee, famed Pixar animator for Toy Story 1–3
 * Helen Lynch, actress
 * T. J. Lynch, screenwriter
 * Stan Lynde, creator of the comic strip Rick O'Shay, painter, and novelist
 * Chase McBride, singer, musician, and visual artist
 * Ralph McQuarrie, Academy Award-winning designer for Cocoon, the original Star Wars trilogy, the original Battlestar Galactica, and E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial
 * Marlene Morrow, former Playboy Playmate of the Month
 * J. K. Ralston, Western painter
 * Chan Romero, pioneer of rock and roll was born in Billings
 * Rick Rydell, talk radio host
 * Pete Simpson, musician and television performer in the 1950s in Billings; later member of the Wyoming House of Representatives; Republican nominee for governor of Wyoming in 1986.
 * Auggie Smith, comedian
 * Carol Thurston, actress
 * Chuck Tingle, two-time Hugo Award nominee
 * David Yost, actor and producer, most notably the Blue Power Ranger on the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers
 * Timothy DeLaGhetto, internet and television personality

Political

 * James F. Battin, former Congressman from Montana
 * Jim Battin, California State Senator
 * Shane Bemis, Mayor of Gresham, Oregon
 * John Bohlinger, former Lieutenant Governor of Montana
 * Roy Brown, former Montana State Senator for District 25 and former gubernatorial candidate
 * Conrad Burns, served in the U.S. Senate from 1988 to 2007
 * Amanda Curtis, Montana State Representative for District 76 and U.S. Senate Democratic Candidate
 * Hazel Hunkins Hallinan, women's rights activist and journalist
 * Mike Mansfield, U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator for Montana, longest-serving Senate majority leader for Democratic Party, and U.S. Ambassador to Japan
 * Jonathan McNiven, former Montana State Representative
 * Ray Metcalfe, member of the Alaska House of Representatives
 * Henry L. Myers, U.S. Senator and justice of the Supreme Court of Montana
 * Denny Rehberg, former Congressman from Montana and former Lieutenant Governor of Montana
 * Tom Stout, former Congressman from Montana and editorial writer for the Billings Gazette
 * Burt L. Talcott, former Congressman from California

Tallest buildings
The tallest building in Billings and Montana as well as a five-state region is the First Interstate Center, which stands at 272 ft and 20 floors above ground level. Billings is also home to the world's tallest load-bearing brick building, the DoubleTree Tower, which stands 256 ft. With a floor count of 22 floors above ground level, the DoubleTree Tower is the tallest hotel in the city and state. It was the tallest from 1980 to 1985. The Wells Fargo Building, formerly the Norwest Bank Building, was the tallest building in Montana from 1977 until 1980.

Sister cities

 * 🇩🇪 Billings, Hessen, Germany
 * 🇯🇵 Kumamoto, Kumamoto Japan

title: Billings, Montana


text:
Broadview, Montana

Broadview is a town in Yellowstone County, Montana, United States. The population was 139 at the 2020 census.

The post office was established in 1908 and the town was incorporated in 1917.

Geography
Broadview is located at 46.09778°N, -108.87806°W (46.097709, -108.877944).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.26 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Broadview has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 139 people, 61 households, and 42 families living in the town. There were 73 housing units.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 192 people, 66 households, and 47 families living in the town. The population density was 738.5 PD/sqmi. There were 73 housing units at an average density of 280.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.3% White, 1.0% Native American, 3.1% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.8% of the population.

There were 66 households, of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.43.

The median age in the town was 39.5 years. 31.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 52.6% male and 47.4% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 150 people, 64 households, and 41 families living in the town. The population density was 624.7 PD/sqmi. There were 66 housing units at an average density of 274.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.67% White, 0.67% Native American, and 2.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.67% of the population.

There were 64 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,500, and the median income for a family was $34,688. Males had a median income of $35,417 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,882. There were 6.4% of families and 9.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 10.6% of under eighteens and 16.7% of those over 64.

Education
Broadview School District educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. The mascot for Broadview High School is the Pirates.

title: Broadview, Montana


text:
Custer, Montana

Custer is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yellowstone County, Montana, United States. The population was 145 at the 2000 census.

This community bears the name of U.S. Army General George Armstrong Custer who was defeated and killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn, which took place nearby in 1876. Originally a Northern Pacific Railroad station established in 1882, the post office began in 1905.

Geography
Custer is located at 46.12889°N, -107.55639°W (46.128870, -107.556302).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Custer has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 145 people, 68 households, and 39 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 563.7 PD/sqmi. There were 79 housing units at an average density of 307.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.86% White, 1.38% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.38% of the population.

There were 68 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.6% were non-families. 39.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 37.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,944, and the median income for a family was $43,000. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,532. 1.4% of the population lived below the poverty line, this percentage was not made up of families, those under 18 or over 64.

Education
The school district is Custer K-12 Schools, a unified K-12 district.

Custer Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Custer High School's team name is the Rebels.

title: Custer, Montana


text:
Huntley, Montana

Huntley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yellowstone County, Montana, United States. The population was 411 at the 2000 census. Huntley lent its name to the Huntley Project, a federal irrigation project that began delivering water to the arid district in 1907. Today, Huntley is an eastern suburb of Billings and is located east of Shepherd and west of Worden.

History
This settlement in arid Crow Indian country was named for S.O. Huntley, a partner in the stagecoach firm of Clark & Huntley. It was located at the head of navigation on the Yellowstone River. The first steamboat, the packet Josephine, arrived June 6, 1875, but river trade was infrequent. A U.S. post office was established in March 1878. The 1880 Census found only 37 people living in Huntley.

Surveying for a railroad led to the so-called "Baker Battle" between Sioux Indians and Army engineers in 1872. The Northern Pacific Railroad arrived in 1882, connecting the town to the new city of Billings. Three years later the town called "Huntley Station" had two stores, a hotel, and a blacksmith. German immigrants were prominent among the new settlers, who established Lutheran and German Methodist churches.

In 1905 the United States Bureau of Reclamation began an irrigation project, called the Huntley Project, on lands that had been part of the Crow Indian Reservation until 1904. The town of Huntley was incorporated into the project along with the new railroad towns of Ballantine, Worden, and Pompey's Pillar, all founded in 1907.

During the Yellowstone Flood of 1937, the damage to Huntley was more extensive, percentage-wise, than in any other community in the region. Much of the original town of Huntley was destroyed and significant portions of the land it occupied was claimed or compromised by the Yellowstone River. The flood damage included washing away the suspension bridge that allowed adjacent Highway 312 to cross the river. After the flood, the site of the town was relocated from the north side of the river to the higher elevation on the south bank.

Geography
Huntley is located at 45.89972°N, -108.30444°W (45.899722, -108.304491).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Huntley has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 411 people, 160 households, and 108 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 319.2 PD/sqmi. There were 164 housing units at an average density of 127.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.32% White, 0.24% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 2.19% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.16% of the population.

There were 160 households, out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,125, and the median income for a family was $36,750. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,913. About 12.9% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Huntley's economy is based primarily on agriculture, including yam farming, sugar beets, corn, wheat, and barley.

Media
Huntley is part of the Billings media area.

The Yellowstone County News is a weekly newspaper based in Huntley. It covers news for the wider Billings area.

Education
The school district is Huntley Project K-12 Schools, a K-12 unified school district.

Notable people

 * Richard R. "Dick" Jones (1910–2008), a trucking executive and Wyoming Republican politician
 * Monica Lindeen, former member of the Montana House of Representatives

title: Huntley, Montana