text:
Rock County, Minnesota

Rock County is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota. According to the 2020 census, its population was 9,704. The county seat is Luverne. It is located within the Sioux Falls MSA.

History
The county was established on May 23, 1857, by an act of the territorial legislature, although it was not organized at that time. Originally, the area was designated as Pipestone County, and the name Rock County was given to what is now Pipestone County. However, in 1862, the Minnesota state legislature changed the designations, assigning the present names to the respective counties. On March 5, 1870, the state legislature passed an act that finalized the organization of Rock County and designated Luverne as its county seat. The county derived its name from the Rock River, which was named after a prominent rocky outcrop referred to as "The Rock" on an 1843 map of the area. This outcrop is composed of reddish-gray quartzite and is located approximately 3 mi north of Luverne. The mound stands out dramatically amidst the surrounding low prairie. Another source suggests that the county's name is attributed to its rocky soil.

Geography
Rock County is located at the southwestern corner of Minnesota. Its western border shares a boundary with the eastern border of South Dakota, while its southern border is adjacent to the northern border of Iowa. The county is characterized by the flow of the Rock River, which runs southward through its east central part, and Beaver Creek, which flows southward through its west central region. The landscape primarily consists of low rolling hills with various drainages. The county's predominant land use is agriculture. The terrain gradually slopes southward, with the highest point situated near the midpoint of the county's northern boundary, reaching an elevation of 1,759 ft above sea level. Rock County spans an area of 483 sqmi, of which 482 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi (0.06%) is water. The entire county falls within the hot summer humid continental climate zone (Dfa).

Lakes
One of Minnesota's nicknames is "Land of 10,000 Lakes", and it is speckled with bodies of water large and small. But four of the state's counties do not contain a natural lake; Rock County is one of them. Rock County did host a manmade lake from 1938 until 2014: a WPA work project constructed a small dam (the "Lower Dam") on Blue Mounds Creek in 1938, creating a small lake in Blue Mounds State Park. This continued until June 2014, when the dam was damaged by rain and floodwaters, allowing the pond to drain. In June 2016 the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources announced its decision not to rebuild the dam.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-90.svg|20px]] Interstate 90
 * [[Image:US 75.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 75
 * [[Image:MN-23.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 23
 * [[Image:MN-269.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 269
 * [[Image:MN-270.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 270

Adjacent counties

 * Pipestone County – north
 * Murray County – northeast
 * Nobles County – east
 * Lyon County, Iowa – south
 * Minnehaha County, South Dakota – west
 * Moody County, South Dakota – northwest

Protected areas

 * Blue Mounds State Park
 * Northern Tallgrass Prairie National Wildlife Refuge (part)

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,721 people, 3,843 households, and 2,705 families in the county. The population density was 20.2 /mi2. There were 4,137 housing units at an average density of 8.58 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.27% White, 0.53% Black or African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 41.4% were of German, 23.8% Dutch and 16.5% Norwegian ancestry.

There were 3,843 households, out of which 31.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.10% were married couples living together, 5.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.60% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.01.

The county population contained 26.30% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 24.10% from 25 to 44, 22.00% from 45 to 64, and 20.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 97.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,102, and the median income for a family was $44,296. Males had a median income of $28,776 versus $22,166 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,411. About 5.50% of families and 8.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.10% of those under age 18 and 8.90% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Beaver Creek
 * Hardwick
 * Hills
 * Jasper (part)
 * Kenneth
 * Luverne (county seat)
 * Magnolia
 * Steen

Unincorporated communities

 * Ash Creek
 * Kanaranzi
 * Manley

Ghost towns

 * Bruce
 * Carnegie

Townships

 * Battle Plain Township
 * Beaver Creek Township
 * Clinton Township
 * Denver Township
 * Kanaranzi Township
 * Luverne Township
 * Magnolia Township
 * Martin Township
 * Mound Township
 * Rose Dell Township
 * Springwater Township
 * Vienna Township

In popular culture
Much of the second season of Fargo is set in Luverne and Rock County.

National politics
Rock County traditionally votes Republican. In no presidential election since 1964 has it selected the Democratic candidate. Along with its northern neighbor Pipestone County, it was one of only two Minnesota counties Amy Klobuchar did not win in her 2012 Senate race.

title: Rock County, Minnesota


text:
Rice County, Minnesota

Rice County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,097. Its county seat is Faribault.

Rice County comprises the Faribault-Northfield, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined Statistical Area.

History
Rice County was founded on March 5, 1853. It was named for Henry Mower Rice, a fur trader who became instrumental in creation of the Minnesota Territory and its subsequent growth and development.

Geography
The Cannon River flows northeasterly through the center of the county, on its way to discharge into the Mississippi River at Red Wing. The Straight River flows northerly into the county from Steele County to its discharge point into the Cannon River at Faribault. The North Fork of the Zumbro River rises in south-central Rice County, and flows eastward into Goodhue County on its way to discharge into the Mississippi east of Kellogg.

The county terrain consists of low, rolling hills, entirely devoted to agriculture, and dotted with lakes. The county slopes to the east and north; its highest point is near its SE corner, at 1,263 ft ASL. The county has an area of 516 sqmi, of which 496 sqmi is land and 20 sqmi (3.9%) is water. The Cannon River flows northeastwardly through the county, collecting the Straight River in Faribault. The North Fork of the Zumbro River has its headwaters in the county's southeastern part. Rice is one of 17 Minnesota savanna counties with more savanna soils than either prairie or forest soils.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-35.svg|20px]] Interstate 35
 * [[Image:MN-3.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 3
 * [[Image:MN-13.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 13
 * [[Image:MN-19.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 19
 * [[Image:MN-21.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 21
 * [[Image:MN-60.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 60
 * [[Image:MN-99.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 99
 * [[Image:MN-246.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 246
 * [[Image:MN-298.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 298
 * [[Image:MN-299.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 299
 * [[Image:MN-299.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 299

Adjacent counties

 * Dakota County - northeast
 * Goodhue County - east
 * Dodge County - southeast
 * Steele County - south
 * Waseca County - southwest
 * Le Sueur County - west
 * Scott County - northwest

Protected areas

 * Cannon Lake Wilderness Area
 * Cannon River Trout Lily Scientific and Natural Area
 * Faribault State Wildlife Management Area
 * Nerstrand Big Woods State Park
 * River Bend Nature Area
 * Sakatah Lake State Park (part)
 * Shager Park
 * Townsend Woods Scientific and Natural Area
 * Whitney Island Scientific and Natural Area

Lakes

 * Cannon Lake
 * Caron Lake
 * Cedar Lake
 * Circle Lake
 * Crystal Lake
 * Duban Lake
 * Dudley Lake
 * Fox Lake
 * French Lake
 * Hatch Lake
 * Horseshoe Lake (part)
 * Hunt Lake
 * Kelly Lake
 * Mazaska Lake
 * Metogga Lake
 * Mud Lake
 * Phelps Lake
 * Rice Lake
 * Roberds Lake
 * Sakatah Lake (part)
 * Shields Lake
 * Sprague Lake
 * Union Lake
 * Weinberger Lake
 * Wells Lake
 * Willing Lake

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 56,665 people, 18,888 households, and 13,353 families in the county. The population density was 114 /mi2. There were 20,061 housing units at an average density of 40.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 93.59% White, 1.31% Black or African American, 0.43% Native American, 1.46% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.87% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. 5.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 32.1% were of German, 14.7% Norwegian, 7.2% Irish and 5.3% Czech ancestry.

There were 18,888 households, out of which 36.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.30% were non-families. 23.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.14.

The county population contained 25.30% under the age of 18, 15.80% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 20.20% from 45 to 64, and 11.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 101.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $48,651, and the median income for a family was $56,407. Males had a median income of $36,771 versus $26,151 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,695. About 4.00% of families and 6.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.70% of those under age 18 and 10.70% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and recreation

 * Ackman Park 3 mi west of Faribault
 * Albers Park in Webster
 * Caron Park in Cannon City
 * Falls Creek Park 1 mi east of Faribault
 * Heron Island in Shieldsville
 * Hirdler Park 10 mi west of Faribault
 * Kalina Park in Wheatland
 * King Mill Park in Faribault

Cities

 * Dennison (partly in Goodhue County)
 * Dundas
 * Faribault (county seat)
 * Lonsdale
 * Morristown
 * Nerstrand
 * Northfield (partly in Dakota County)

Census-designated place

 * Warsaw

Unincorporated communities

 * Cannon City
 * Epsom
 * Hazelwood
 * Little Chicago
 * Millersburg
 * Moland (partly in Steele County)
 * Prairieville
 * Ruskin
 * Shieldsville
 * Veseli
 * Webster
 * Wheatland

Townships

 * Bridgewater Township
 * Cannon City Township
 * Erin Township
 * Forest Township
 * Morristown Township
 * Northfield Township
 * Richland Township
 * Shieldsville Township
 * Walcott Township
 * Warsaw Township
 * Webster Township
 * Wells Township
 * Wheatland Township
 * Wheeling Township

Politics
From its first participating election in 1860 through 1960, Rice County was traditionally Republican, voting for the Republican nominee in every election save 1912 (when it voted for Bull Moose nominee and former Republican president Theodore Roosevelt) and Franklin Roosevelt's 1932 and 1936 landslides. From 1964 through 2012, it became a Democratic stronghold, voting for the Democratic nominee in every election save Richard Nixon's 1972 landslide. In 2016, it voted for a Republican for the first time since 1972 (and for a Republican who was not winning a majority of the national popular vote for the first time since 1960), although it gave him only a plurality, with 7.9% voting third party. However, in 2020, with the third party vote sinking to 2.3%, it voted Republican again, making it the first time since 1956 and 1960 that the county has voted Republican two elections in a row (although the Republican margin was only 62 votes out of over 35,000 cast).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rice County, Minnesota


text:
Renville County, Minnesota

Renville County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census the population was 14,723. Its county seat is Olivia.

History
The Minnesota Territory legislature created the county on February 20, 1855. It was named for Joseph Renville, a fur trapper, trader, British officer in the War of 1812, and interlocutor with local Native American groups. Organization of the county's governing structure was completed on November 8, 1866, with Beaver Falls as county seat. Beginning in 1885, citizens in and around Olivia began pressing for the seat to be moved to Olivia, which happened in 1900.

1862 Dakota War
Renville County, located directly across the Minnesota River from the Lower Sioux Agency, was the site of extensive combat during the Dakota War of 1862. The U.S. army's defeats at the Battle of Redwood Ferry and the Battle of Birch Coulee at the hands of the Dakota both occurred in Birch Cooley Township, in addition to numerous Dakota raids on white homesteads in the county. The burned-out Joseph Brown House Ruins still stand, and various monuments throughout the County memorialize settlers killed in the conflict.

Geography
The Minnesota River flows southeast along the county's southwestern border. Hawk Creek flows south through the county's western end, discharging into the Minnesota. Beaver Creek drains the central part of the county, flowing southeast before turning southwest to discharge into the Minnesota. The county terrain consists of rolling hills etched by drainages and sprinkled with lakes and ponds. The area is devoted to agriculture. The county terrain slopes to the south, with its highest point near the midpoint of the northern border, at 1,122 ft ASL. The county has a total area of 987 sqmi, of which 983 sqmi is land and 4.2 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 71.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 71
 * [[Image:US 212 (MN).svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 212
 * [[Image:MN-4.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 4
 * [[Image:MN-19.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 19
 * [[Image:MN-23.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 23

Adjacent counties

 * Kandiyohi County - north
 * Meeker County - northeast
 * McLeod County - east
 * Sibley County - southeast
 * Nicollet County - southeast
 * Brown County - south
 * Redwood County - southwest
 * Yellow Medicine County - west
 * Chippewa County - northwest

Renville, Beltrami, and Stearns are Minnesota's only counties that abut nine other counties.

Lakes

 * Beckendorf Lake
 * Boon Lake
 * Hodgson Lake
 * Lake Allie
 * Mud Lake
 * Phare Lake
 * Preston Lake
 * Round Grove Lake (part)
 * Round Lake

Protected areas

 * Beaver Falls County Park
 * Camp Town Park
 * County Park No. 2
 * County Park No. 4
 * Fort Ridgely State Park (part)
 * Birch Coulee Battlefield
 * Prieve State Wildlife Management Area (part)
 * Skalbekken County Park

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,154 people, 6,779 households, and 4,623 families in the county. The population density was 17.5 /mi2. There were 7,413 housing units at an average density of 7.54 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 95.72% White, 0.06% Black or African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.77% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. 5.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 50.9% were of German, 16.3% Norwegian and 5.1% Swedish ancestry.

There were 6,779 households, out of which 31.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.10% were married couples living together, 5.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.80% were non-families. 28.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.05.

The county population contained 26.50% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 25.30% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 19.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 99.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,652, and the median income for a family was $45,065. Males had a median income of $30,473 versus $22,179 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,770. About 6.30% of families and 8.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.80% of those under age 18 and 8.10% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Bird Island
 * Buffalo Lake
 * Danube
 * Fairfax
 * Franklin
 * Hector
 * Morton
 * Olivia (county seat)
 * Renville
 * Sacred Heart

Unincorporated communities

 * Beaver Falls
 * Bechyn
 * Churchill
 * Lakeside

Ghost town

 * Vicksburg

Townships

 * Bandon Township
 * Beaver Falls Township
 * Birch Cooley Township
 * Bird Island Township
 * Boon Lake Township
 * Brookfield Township
 * Cairo Township
 * Camp Township
 * Crooks Township
 * Emmet Township
 * Ericson Township
 * Flora Township
 * Hawk Creek Township
 * Hector Township
 * Henryville Township
 * Kingman Township
 * Martinsburg Township
 * Melville Township
 * Norfolk Township
 * Osceola Township
 * Palmyra Township
 * Preston Lake Township
 * Sacred Heart Township
 * Troy Township
 * Wang Township
 * Wellington Township
 * Winfield Township

Politics
Before 1996, Renville County was a fairly balanced precinct. Since 1996, only Republican Party candidates have received the county vote in national elections (as of 2020).

title: Renville County, Minnesota


text:
Redwood County, Minnesota

Redwood County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census the population was 15,425. Its county seat is Redwood Falls, along the Redwood River near its confluence with the Minnesota River.

The Lower Sioux Indian Reservation (also known as the Mdewakankton Tribal Reservation) is entirely within the county, along the southern bank of the Minnesota River in Paxton and Sherman townships. In the 2000 census it had a population of 335.

History
The Minnesota Legislature created the county on February 8, 1862, with Redwood Falls as the county seat. It was named for the Redwood River, which flows eastward through the county.

Geography
The Minnesota River flows southeast along the county's northeastern border. The Redwood River flows east through the upper part of the county, draining into the Minnesota near Redwood Falls. The Cottonwood River flows east through the lower part of the county, entering adjacent Brown County before discharging into the Minnesota. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, carved with drainages and sprinkled with lakes. The largely rural area is devoted to commodity crops of corn and soybeans. The terrain slopes to the east, with its highest point in the southwest corner at 1,450 ft ASL. The county has a total area of 882 sqmi, of which 879 sqmi is land and 3.2 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

Airports

 * Redwood Falls Municipal Airport (RWF)

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 14.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 14
 * [[Image:US 71.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 71
 * [[Image:MN-19.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 19
 * [[Image:MN-67.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 67
 * [[Image:MN-68.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 68
 * [[Image:MN-330.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 330

Adjacent counties

 * Renville County - northeast
 * Brown County - east
 * Cottonwood County - south
 * Murray County - southwest
 * Lyon County - west
 * Yellow Medicine County - northwest

Lakes

 * Daubs Lake
 * Gales Lake
 * Lake Francis
 * Lake Redwood
 * Long Lake
 * Three Lakes
 * Tiger Lake

Protected areas

 * Alexander Ramsey State Park
 * Cedar Mountain Scientific and Natural Area
 * Cedar Rock Scientific and Natural Area
 * Daubs Lake State Wildlife Management Area
 * Delhi State Wildlife Management Area
 * Gales State Wildlife Management Area
 * Honner State Wildlife Management Area
 * Klabunde State Wildlife Management Area
 * Luescher-Barnum State Wildlife Management Area
 * Mammenga State Wildlife Management Area
 * Paul State Wildlife Management Area
 * Rohlik State Wildlife Management Area
 * Swedes Forest Scientific and Natural Area (part)
 * Waterbury State Wildlife Management Area
 * Westline State Wildlife Management Area
 * Willow Lake State Wildlife Management Area

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, the county had 16,815 people, 6,674 households, and 4,524 families. The population density was 19.1 /mi2. There were 7,230 housing units at an average density of 8.23 /mi2. The county's racial makeup was 94.97% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 3.24% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. 1.14% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 55.8% were of German and 13.7% Norwegian ancestry.

There were 6,674 households, of which 31.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.30% were married couples living together, 7.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.20% were non-families. 28.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.02.

26.50% of the county's population was under age 18, 6.60% was from age 18 to 24, 24.80% was from age 25 to 44, 22.70% was from age 45 to 64, and 19.30% was age 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 99.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.50 males.

The county's median household income was $37,352, and the median family income was $46,250. Males had a median income of $30,251 versus $21,481 for females. The county's per capita income was $18,903. About 5.50% of families and 7.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.30% of those under age 18 and 8.80% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Belview
 * Clements
 * Delhi
 * Lamberton
 * Lucan
 * Milroy
 * Morgan
 * Redwood Falls (county seat)
 * Revere
 * Sanborn
 * Seaforth
 * Vesta
 * Wabasso
 * Walnut Grove
 * Wanda

Unincorporated Communities

 * Gilfillan
 * Lower Sioux Indian Community
 * Morton (part)
 * Rowena

Townships

 * Brookville Township
 * Charlestown Township
 * Delhi Township
 * Gales Township
 * Granite Rock Township
 * Honner Township
 * Johnsonville Township
 * Kintire Township
 * Lamberton Township
 * Morgan Township
 * New Avon Township
 * North Hero Township
 * Paxton Township
 * Redwood Falls Township
 * Sheridan Township
 * Sherman Township
 * Springdale Township
 * Sundown Township
 * Swedes Forest Township
 * Three Lakes Township
 * Underwood Township
 * Vail Township
 * Vesta Township
 * Waterbury Township
 * Westline Township
 * Willow Lake Township

Politics
Redwood County is a reliably Republican precinct. In only one national election since 1948 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate, and even then, the margin of victory was under 2%.

title: Redwood County, Minnesota


text:
Red Lake County, Minnesota

Red Lake County is a county in the Northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,935, making it the third-least populous county in Minnesota. Its county seat is Red Lake Falls.

History
Red Lake County was formed on December 24, 1896 from sections of Polk County. It was named for the Red Lake River. Its designated county seat was Red Lake Falls, which had been incorporated (as a village) in 1881.

The county has two sites on the National Register of Historic Places: the courthouse and Clearwater Evangelical Lutheran Church.

Geography
The Red Lake River flows southward into the county from Pennington County. It is joined near Red Lake Falls by the Clearwater River; the combined flow (still known as the Red Lake River) flows southwestward to Huot, where it is augmented by the Black River, which drains the northwestern part of the county. The Red Lake River then flows southwestward into Polk County. The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, etched by drainages and gullies. The area is devoted to agriculture. The county terrain slopes to the west, with its highest elevation on its southeastern corner, at 1,201 ft ASL. The county has a total area of 432 sqmi, of which 432 sqmi is land and 0.09 sqmi (0.02%) is water.

Despite its name, Red Lake County contains only one named lake: Moran Lake, near Huot.

Red Lake County is the only landlocked county in the United States (excluding those on international borders) to border exactly two other counties.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 2.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 2
 * [[Image:US 59.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 59
 * [[Image:MN-32.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 32
 * [[Image:MN-92.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 92
 * [[Image:MN-222.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 222

Adjacent counties

 * Pennington County - north
 * Polk County - south

Protected areas

 * Moran State Wildlife Management Area
 * Old Crossing & Treaty County Wayside Park

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,299 people, 1,727 households, and 1,131 families in the county. The population density was 9.95 /mi2. There were 1,883 housing units at an average density of 4.36 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.44% White, 0.19% Black or African American, 1.84% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.35% from two or more races. 0.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 31.9% were of Norwegian, 25.0% German, 16.7% French and 6.3% French Canadian ancestry.

There were 1,727 households, out of which 30.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.40% were married couples living together, 6.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.50% were non-families. 30.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.02.

The county population contained 25.50% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 24.70% from 25 to 44, 23.20% from 45 to 64, and 19.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 100.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,052, and the median income for a family was $40,275. Males had a median income of $28,494 versus $20,363 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,372. About 8.40% of families and 10.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.50% of those under age 18 and 13.10% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Brooks
 * Oklee
 * Plummer
 * Red Lake Falls (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

 * Dorothy
 * Garnes
 * Huot
 * Perault
 * Terrebonne
 * Wylie

Townships

 * Browns Creek Township
 * Emardville Township
 * Equality Township
 * Garnes Township
 * Gervais Township
 * Lake Pleasant Township
 * Lambert Township
 * Louisville Township
 * Poplar River Township
 * Red Lake Falls Township
 * River Township
 * Terrebonne Township
 * Wylie Township

Government and politics
Red Lake County was formerly solidly Democratic, voting for that party's presidential nominee in all elections from 1928 until 1996, although since 2000 it has generally voted Republican, with the exception of its support for Barack Obama in 2008.

Media attention
The county received mention in the media when a Washington Post reporter, Christopher Ingraham, wrote a story calling Red Lake County "the absolute worst place to live in America" in a ranking of US counties by "scenery and climate". After vigorous objections from local and state inhabitants and legislators, Ingraham subsequently visited the county and not only reversed his position but later moved there with his family and wrote a book about his experience.

title: Red Lake County, Minnesota


text:
Djang'kawu

The Djang'kawu, also spelt Djanggawul  or Djan'kawu, are creation ancestors in the mythology of the Yolngu people of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is one of the most important stories in Aboriginal Australian mythology, and concerns the moiety known as Dhuwa.

Background
The Djanggawul/Djang'kawu myth specifically concerned the Dua (Dhuwa) moiety of people, including about a third of the clans that lived in north-east Arnhem Land. The humans born of the two sisters are the ancestors of the Rirratjingu clan. According to Milirrpum Marika (1983): "The base, foundation, culture, our Djang'kawu, the base of the Dhuwa moiety only, of the Dhuwa moiety and its various songs".

Story
The Djang'kawu are three siblings, two female and one male, who created the landscape of Australia and covered it with flora and fauna. They came by canoe from the island of Baralku (Burralku) in the east at night-time, guided by the Morning Star (the planet Venus), landing at Yalangbara. The sisters, Bitjiwurrurru and Madalatj, were the custodians of ceremonial law, and carried with them their digging sticks, feathered headwear and sacred objects hidden in their basket and mats. The objects changed into various landforms along their route, and they created freshwater wells at Yalangbara by plunging their digging sticks into the sand, after which the digging sticks turned into a variety of plant species. Their clap sticks (bilma) turned into rock formations.

At a site known as Balma, high among the sand dunes, the Djang'kawu sisters gave birth to the first of the Rirratjingu clan, and performed the first ngarra ceremony, which is now one of the major ceremonies of the region.

The story includes a meeting with Makassans (Bayini) cooking trepang (dharripa) on the island of Wapilina in Lalawuy Bay. The siblings ask them to leave their land.

The Djang'kawu continue westwards, producing more offspring which gave rise to other clans of the Dhuwa moiety.

In art
A collection of bark paintings by Mawalan Marika entitled Djan'kawu story (1959) is held by the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

Major exhibition
The Yalangbara: art of the Djang'kawu touring exhibition, instigated by Mawalan Marika's daughter, artist Banduk Marika, and developed with the assistance of other family members and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory at Darwin, opened at the National Museum of Australia from 7 December 2010. This was the first major survey exhibition of the Marikas' work, and covers around 50 named sites in the Yalangbara peninsula that were traversed by the Djang'kawu journey. It followed a 2008 monograph of the same name, edited by Margie West and produced in partnership with Banduk Marika and other members of the family. The exhibition featured not only contemporary prints and other items, but also works produced at the Yirrkala mission in the 1930s, bark paintings dating from the 1950s, drawings in crayon commissioned by anthropologist Ronald Berndt, and the Djang'kawu digging stick, borrowed from its usual place alongside the Yirrkala bark petitions in Parliament House in Canberra. The exhibition also travelled to the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory in Darwin and the Western Australian Museum in Perth in late 2011 and 2012.

Official recognition of significance
The significance of the story is recognised in the forthcoming (2022) assessment of Yalangbara for inclusion in the National Heritage List or Commonwealth Heritage List.

title: Djang'kawu


text:
Ramsey County, Minnesota

Ramsey County is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,352, making it the second-most populous county in Minnesota. Its county seat and largest city is Saint Paul, the state capital and the twin city of Minneapolis. The county was founded in 1849 and is named for Alexander Ramsey, the first governor of the Minnesota Territory.

Ramsey County is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the smallest and most densely populated county in Minnesota, as well as one of the most densely populated counties in the United States.

History
With the establishment of the Minnesota Territory in 1849, nine counties, including Ramsey County, were created. In 1849, Ramsey County included all of what later became the present-day counties of Ramsey, Anoka, Isanti, and Kanabec; and part of Washington, Pine, Carlton, Aitkin, Mille Lacs, and Hennepin. One of Ramsey County's early settlers was Heman Gibbs, whose farm is now operated as the Gibbs Museum of Pioneer and Dakotah Life (Gibbs Farm ) in Falcon Heights. Ramsey County remained largely farmland until small villages began to appear in the late 19th century, with the incorporation of North St. Paul in 1887, New Brighton in 1891, and White Bear Lake in 1921.

Government and politics
Ramsey County is overwhelmingly Democratic in presidential elections, having not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1924. In 2020, Democratic nominee Joe Biden received the largest share of the vote for any candidate in the county's history, with over 71%.

County Sheriff
The Ramsey County Sheriff's Office was established in the old Minnesota Territory in 1849. The current sheriff is Bob Fletcher, who won the general election for Ramsey County Sheriff on November 6, 2018. The Ramsey County Sheriff is elected for a four-year term via an election running concurrent with the federal mid-term elections.

The sheriff's office provides patrol and investigation for communities without local police forces and is available as backup for all communities. In addition to enforcing the law throughout the county, the office provides town police services under contract to Arden Hills, Falcon Heights, Little Canada, North Oaks, Shoreview, Vadnais Heights and White Bear Township.

The Ramsey County Sheriff's office provides a number of unique services across the county as mandated by law. This includes detention for court and other court services. This also includes safety, rescue and law enforcement on the waterways. Proactively, the Sheriff's office provides multiple safety classes and coordinates community volunteer efforts. The office is responsible for the county jail, more officially the "Adult Detention Center." The facility has a capacity of five hundred prisoners and a staff of about 150.

On August 25, 2022, Ramsey County Sheriff Bob Fletcher announced that the Sheriff's office would be featured on the show On Patrol: Live, airing on Reelz. However an agreement was not reached, Sheriff Bob Fletcher continues a broadcast of many of his and his deputies' shifts.

County Attorney
The Ramsey County Attorney prosecutes felony crimes which are committed within the jurisdiction of Ramsey County. The current County Attorney is John Choi, who was elected in 2010.

County Commissioners
The county commission elects a chair who presides at meetings. Commissioners as of January 3, 2023:

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 170 sqmi, of which 152 sqmi is land and 18 sqmi (11%) is water. It is the smallest county by area in Minnesota. It has been considered completely urbanized since the 1990 United States Census.

Adjacent counties

 * Anoka County (north)
 * Washington County (east)
 * Dakota County (south)
 * Hennepin County (west)

National protected area

 * Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (part)

Rail
Ramsey County is a major freight hub along BNSF's Northern Transcon route, as well as being served by Union Pacific and Canadian Pacific.

Amtrak offers daily intercity passenger rail service on the Empire Builder from Union Depot in Saint Paul. Light rail service is provided by Metro, a light rail and bus rapid transit system operated by Metro Transit that connects several communities in Ramsey and Hennepin Counties. The Metro Green Line connects St. Paul Union Depot to Target Field station in Minneapolis, in neighboring Hennepin County.

Road
Ramsey County is served by several interstate highways, including Interstate 35 and Interstate 94. I-35 has two routes through Ramsey County. I-35E enters the county from Dakota County to the south and proceeds north through Saint Paul, where it intersects I-94, then continues north to Little Canada, where it runs east concurrently with I-694 for several miles before turning north through North Oaks to Washington County. I-35W crosses from Minneapolis to the west through Saint Anthony before turning north through New Brighton, where it intersects I-694, and then to Anoka County where it goes on to rejoin I-35E in Washington County.

Near the western edge of the county, I-94 enters from Minneapolis where it runs almost parallel to University Avenue until it meets I-35E in Saint Paul and continues east to Washington County. I-494 passes through the southeast corner of the county between Dakota and Washington Counties. From Anoka County in the west, I-694 takes a path through New Brighton, where it meets I-35W, to the junction with I-35E in Little Canada and finally to Washington County in the east.

Ramsey County is also accessible by several U.S. Highways, in particular US 10, US 52, and US 61. US 10 enters from Washington County in the south and continues north to meet I-94 just east of Saint Paul where it turns west to run concurrently with I-94, I-35E, I-694, and finally I-35W before continuing northwest to Anoka County. US 52 runs from South Saint Paul in Dakota County north to downtown Saint Paul where it meets I-94 and turns west to run concurrently with it all the way to the North Dakota border. From the south, US 61 runs concurrently with US 10 and then I-94 until it continues northeast on surface streets through the East Side of Saint Paul. From Saint Paul, US 61 continues north through Maplewood and White Bear Lake before crossing the border into Washington County.

In addition to these federal highways, Ramsey County is served by a number of Minnesota State Highways, including MN 36 and MN 51 which are divided highways for much of their length.

The county also has jurisdiction over 264.108 miles of County State Aid Highways as well as 21,031 miles of county roads and 59 bridges that are maintained and monitored by the Public Works Department of Ramsey County.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-35E (MN).svg|25px]] Interstate 35E
 * [[Image:I-35W (MN).svg|25px]] Interstate 35W
 * [[Image:I-94 (MN).svg|20px]] Interstate 94
 * [[Image:I-694 (MN).svg|25px]] Interstate 694
 * [[Image:US 10.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 10
 * [[Image:US 12.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 12
 * [[Image:US 52.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 52
 * [[Image:US 61.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 61
 * [[Image:MN-5.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 5
 * [[Image:MN-13.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 13
 * [[Image:MN-36.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 36
 * [[Image:MN-51.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 51
 * [[Image:MN-96.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 96
 * [[Image:MN-120.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 120
 * [[Image:MN-149.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 149
 * [[Image:MN-156.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 156
 * [[Image:MN-280.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 280
 * [[Image:County 30 (MN).svg|20px]] County Road 30 (Larpenteur Avenue)
 * [[Image:County 34 (MN).svg|20px]] County Road 34 (University Avenue)
 * [[Image:County 36 (MN).svg|20px]] [[Image:County 37 (MN).svg|20px]] County Road 36/37 (Shepard Road/Warner Road)
 * Other county roads

Air
The primary airport serving Ramsey County is Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport, located in neighboring Hennepin County. The only airport located in Ramsey County is Saint Paul Downtown Airport, a smaller commercial airport with three runways primarily used for general aviation and military operations.

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2010
As of the 2010 census, there were 508,640 people, 202,691 households, and 117,799 families living in the county. The racial makeup of the county was 70.1% White, 11.0% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 11.7% Asian, 2.9% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. 7.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

According to the 2010–2015 American Community Survey, the largest ancestry groups were German (26.0%), Irish (11.5%), Norwegian (9.9%), and Swedish (7.4%).

2000
At the 2000 census, there were 511,035 people, 201,236 households, and 119,936 families living in the county. The population density was 3,281 PD/sqmi. There were 206,448 housing units at an average density of 1,325 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 77.37% White, 7.61% Black or African American, 0.83% Native American, 8.77% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.45% from other races, and 2.90% from two or more races. 5.28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 201,236 households, out of which 29.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.00% were married couples living together, 11.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.40% were non-families. 32.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the county, 25.60% of the population was under the age of 18, 11.30% from 18 to 24, 30.70% from 25 to 44, 20.70% from 45 to 64, and 11.60% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $45,722, and the median income for a family was $57,747. (These figures had risen to $53,141 and $71,485, respectively, as of 2008.) Males had a median income of $39,806 versus $30,814 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,536. About 7.40% of families and 10.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.70% of those under age 18 and 6.80% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Arden Hills
 * Blaine (partial)
 * Falcon Heights
 * Gem Lake
 * Lauderdale
 * Little Canada
 * Maplewood
 * Mounds View
 * New Brighton
 * North Oaks
 * North Saint Paul
 * Roseville
 * Saint Paul (county seat)
 * Shoreview
 * Spring Lake Park (partial)
 * Saint Anthony (partial)
 * Vadnais Heights
 * White Bear Lake (partial)

Townships

 * Mounds View Township (defunct)
 * New Canada Township (defunct)
 * Rose Township (defunct)
 * White Bear Township

Unincorporated communities

 * Bald Eagle
 * Bellaire

Education
School districts include:
 * Mounds View Public School District
 * North St. Paul-Maplewood-Oakdale School District
 * Roseville Public School District
 * St. Anthony-New Brighton Schools
 * St. Paul Public School District
 * White Bear Lake School District

Charter schools include:
 * Hmong College Prep Academy
 * Metro Deaf School

title: Ramsey County, Minnesota


text:
Pope County, Minnesota

Pope County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,308. Its county seat is Glenwood. The county was formed in 1862 and organized in 1866.

History
Pope County was identified by the state legislature in 1862 and named for John Pope, a Union Army general who had worked as a surveyor in the area. Its organization was effected in 1866.

Pope County was the location of several protests against the CU Powerline in the 1970s.

Geography
The Chippewa River flows south through the county's western part. The Little Chippewa River flows south-southwest through its central part, discharging into the Chippewa southeast of Cyrus. The East Branch Chippewa River flows south-southwest through the eastern part of the county toward its union with the Chippewa in neighboring Swift County. The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, carved with drainages and dotted with lakes and ponds. The area is devoted to agriculture. The terrain slopes to the south and west, with its highest point near the northeast corner at 1,388 ft ASL. The county has an area of 717 sqmi, of which 670 sqmi is land and 47 sqmi (6.6%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:MN-9.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 9
 * [[Image:MN-28.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 28
 * [[Image:MN-29.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 29
 * [[Image:MN-55.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 55
 * [[Image:MN-104.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 104
 * [[Image:MN-114.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 114

Airports

 * Glenwood Municipal Airport (D32)
 * Starbuck Municipal Airport (GHW)

Adjacent counties

 * Douglas County - north
 * Stearns County - east
 * Kandiyohi County - southeast
 * Swift County - south
 * Stevens County - west
 * Grant County - northwest

Protected areas

 * Bruce Hitman Heron Rookery Scientific and Natural Area
 * Farwell State Wildlife Management Area
 * Glacial Lakes State Park
 * Langhei Scientific and Natural Area
 * Little Jo State Wildlife Management Area
 * Lowry State Wildlife Management Area
 * New Prairie State Wildlife Management Area
 * Noordmans State Wildlife Management Area
 * Skarpness State Wildlife Management Area
 * Van Luik State Wildlife Management Area
 * Wade State Wildlife Management Area

Major lakes

 * Amelia Lake
 * Goose Lake
 * Lake Emily
 * Lake Johanna
 * Lake Minnewaska
 * Lake Reno (part)
 * Lake Simon
 * Pelican Lake
 * Pike Lake
 * Scandinavian Lake

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 11,236 people, 4,513 households, and 3,064 families in the county. The population density was 16.8 /mi2. There were 5,827 housing units at an average density of 8.70 /mi2/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.85% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. 0.51% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 38.8% were of Norwegian and 31.6% German ancestry.

There were 4,513 households, out of which 29.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.00% were married couples living together, 5.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were non-families. 28.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.99.

The county population contained 24.80% under the age of 18, 6.70% from 18 to 24, 23.10% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 21.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 96.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,633, and the median income for a family was $42,818. Males had a median income of $30,452 versus $20,511 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,032. About 5.80% of families and 8.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.40% of those under age 18 and 12.10% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Brooten (part)
 * Cyrus
 * Farwell
 * Glenwood (county seat)
 * Long Beach
 * Lowry
 * Sedan
 * Starbuck
 * Villard
 * Westport

Unincorporated communities

 * Grove Lake
 * Terrace

Ghost town

 * New Prairie

Townships

 * Bangor Township
 * Barsness Township
 * Ben Wade Township
 * Blue Mounds Township
 * Chippewa Falls Township
 * Gilchrist Township
 * Glenwood Township
 * Grove Lake Township
 * Hoff Township
 * Lake Johanna Township
 * Langhei Township
 * Leven Township
 * Minnewaska Township
 * New Prairie Township
 * Nora Township
 * Reno Township
 * Rolling Forks Township
 * Walden Township
 * Westport Township
 * White Bear Lake Township

Government and politics
Pope County has been a swing district in the past, but strongly supported the Republican nominee in the last three presidential elections.

title: Pope County, Minnesota


text:
Talk:Tarn-et-Garonne

-

Untitled
Wondering how to edit this département entry? The WikiProject French departements standards might help.

title: Talk:Tarn-et-Garonne


text:
Polk County, Minnesota

Polk County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 31,192 at the 2020 census. Its county seat is Crookston, and the largest community is East Grand Forks.

Polk County is part of the Grand Forks, ND-MN metropolitan statistical area.

History
In one of its early acts as a state entity, the Minnesota Legislature created the county on July 20, 1858, but did not organize it at that time. The county was named for the 11th president of the United States, James Knox Polk, who signed the congressional act that organized the Minnesota Territory. The county was organized in 1872 and 1873, with the newly settled community of Crookston as the county seat.

Geography
Polk County lies on Minnesota's border with North Dakota (across the Red River). The Red Lake River flows west through the upper central part of the county, discharging into the Red at Grand Forks. The county terrain consists of low, rolling hills, devoted to agriculture. The county slopes to the west and north, with its highest point near its southeast corner, at 1,519 ft above sea level. The county has an area of 1998 sqmi, of which 27 sqmi (1.3%) is covered by water. USGS surveys show the county's high point to be 1575 ft south of U.S. 2, about 2 km east of Spring Lake, at 47.5197°N, 95.5906°W.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 2.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 2
 * [[Image:US 59.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 59
 * [[Image:US 75.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 75
 * [[Image:MN-9.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 9
 * [[Image:MN-32.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 32
 * [[Image:MN-92.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 92
 * [[Image:MN-102.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 102
 * [[Image:MN-220.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 220

 * [[Image:Polk County 21.svg|20px]] Polk County State-Aid Highway 21: This is the major connector between Grand Forks and Pennington County, and connects with Pennington County State-Aid Highway 3.
 * [[Image:County 9 (MN).svg|20px]] Polk County State-Aid Highway 9: A major connector between Crookston and the south end of Grand Forks, it connects with Grand Forks County Road 7, and functions as a southside connector between US 75 and US 2 in Crookston.
 * [[Image:County 11 (MN).svg|20px]] [[Image:County 46 (MN).svg|20px]] Polk County State-Aid Highways 11 & 46: US 2 Truck Bypass of Crookston
 * [[Image:County 2 square.svg|20px]] Polk County State-Aid Highway 2: Designated and designed for heavy truck traffic connecting US 2 to Roseau County and Marshall County.

Adjacent counties

 * Marshall County (north)
 * Pennington County (northeast)
 * Red Lake County (northeast)
 * Clearwater County (east)
 * Mahnomen County (southeast)
 * Norman County (south)
 * Traill County, North Dakota (southwest)
 * Grand Forks County, North Dakota (west)

Protected areas

 * Agassiz Dunes Scientific and Natural Area (part)
 * Belgium State Wildlife Management Area
 * Brandsvold State Wildlife Management Area
 * Castor State Wildlife Management Area
 * Enerson State Wildlife Management Area
 * Erskine State Wildlife Management Area
 * Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge
 * Gully Fen Scientific and Natural Area
 * Hangaard State Wildlife Management Area
 * Hasselton State Wildlife Management Area (part)
 * Hill River State Wildlife Management Area
 * Kroening State Wildlife Management Area
 * Lavoi State Wildlife Management Area
 * Lessor State Wildlife Management Area
 * Mahgre State Wildlife Management Area
 * Malmberg Prairie Scientific and Natural Area
 * Pembina State Wildlife Management Area
 * Polk State Wildlife Management Area
 * Red River State Recreation Area (part)
 * Red River Valley Natural History Area
 * Rindahl State Wildlife Management Area
 * Rydell National Wildlife Refuge
 * Sand Hill Recreation Area
 * Shypoke State Wildlife Management Area
 * Stipa State Wildlife Management Area

2020 Census
As of the 2020 census, there were 31,192 people, 12,534 households, and 7,852 families residing in the county. The population density was 1971.00 /mi2. There were 14,623 housing units. The racial makeup of the county was 85.1% white, 3.1% black or African American, 1.21% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.5% Asian, % other races, and 3.72% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.41% of the population.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 31,600 people, 12,704 households, and _ families were in the county. The population density was 1971.13 /mi2. There were 14,610 housing units.

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 31,369 people, 12,070 households, and 8,050 families were in the county. The population density was 15.9 /mi2. The 14,008 housing units had an average density of 7.11 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 94.18% White, 0.33% African American, 1.30% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 1.30% from other races, and 2.77% from two or more races. About 4.79% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race; 41.7% were of Norwegian, 19.7% German, and 5.8% French ancestry.

Of the 12,070 households, 32.3% had children under 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were not families. About 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47, and the average family size was 3.07.

The county's age distribution was 25.9% under 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 38. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

The median income for a household was $35,105, and for a family was $44,310. Males had a median income of $31,472 versus $21,535 for females. The per capita income was $17,279. About 7.3% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those 65 or over.

Cities

 * Beltrami
 * Climax
 * Crookston (county seat)
 * East Grand Forks
 * Erskine
 * Fertile
 * Fisher
 * Fosston
 * Gully
 * Lengby
 * McIntosh
 * Mentor
 * Nielsville
 * Trail
 * Winger

Unincorporated communities

 * Benoit
 * Cisco
 * Dugdale
 * Euclid
 * Greenview
 * Maple Bay
 * Olga
 * Sherack
 * Tabor

Townships

 * Andover Township
 * Angus Township
 * Badger Township
 * Belgium Township
 * Brandsvold Township
 * Brandt Township
 * Brislet Township
 * Bygland Township
 * Chester Township
 * Columbia Township
 * Crookston Township
 * Eden Township
 * Esther Township
 * Euclid Township
 * Fairfax Township
 * Fanny Township
 * Farley Township
 * Fisher Township
 * Garden Township
 * Garfield Township
 * Gentilly Township
 * Godfrey Township
 * Grand Forks Township
 * Grove Park-Tilden Township
 * Gully Township
 * Hammond Township
 * Helgeland Township
 * Higdem Township
 * Hill River Township
 * Hubbard Township
 * Huntsville Township
 * Johnson Township
 * Kertsonville Township
 * Keystone Township
 * King Township
 * Knute Township
 * Lessor Township
 * Liberty Township
 * Lowell Township
 * Nesbit Township
 * Northland Township
 * Onstad Township
 * Parnell Township
 * Queen Township
 * Reis Township
 * Rhinehart Township
 * Roome Township
 * Rosebud Township
 * Russia Township
 * Sandsville Township
 * Scandia Township
 * Sletten Township
 * Sullivan Township
 * Tabor Township
 * Tynsid Township
 * Vineland Township
 * Winger Township
 * Woodside Township

Government and politics
Polk County was a swing district for several decades, before shifting solidly Republican as of late. As of 2020, it has selected the Republican nominee in presidential elections in 56% of elections since 1980.

title: Polk County, Minnesota


text:
Pipestone County, Minnesota

Pipestone County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,424. Its county seat is Pipestone.

History
The county was formed on May 23, 1857, by act of the territorial legislature, but was not organized at that time. The area was first designated Rock County while the name Pipestone County was attached to neighboring Rock County. An act of the Minnesota state legislature on February 20, 1862, swapped the designations, attaching the present names to the present counties, due to the pipestone quarry in this county.

Pipestone County organization was effected by a state act on January 27, 1879, with Pipestone City (which had been platted in 1876) as the county seat (the name of the county seat was later shortened to Pipestone). The pipestones are from deposits of red pipestone Native Americans used to make pipes.

Pipestone National Monument is in the county, just north of the town of Pipestone.

Geography
Pipestone County lies on Minnesota's border with South Dakota. The Rock River rises in the county and flows southward into Rock County, being augmented by the East Branch of the Rock River near the southern border. The terrain consists of low rolling hills, carved by drainages. The area is devoted to agriculture. The terrain slopes to the west and south, with its highest point on the upper part of its eastern border, at 1,883 ft ASL. The county has an area of 466 sqmi, of which 465 sqmi is land and 0.9 sqmi (0.2%) is water. The highest point in the eastern part of the county may be as stated but the highest summit is 1995 ft at 44.1927°, -96.2033°

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 75.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 75
 * [[Image:MN-23.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 23
 * [[Image:MN-30.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 30
 * [[Image:MN-269.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 269

Adjacent counties

 * Lincoln County - north
 * Lyon County - northeast
 * Murray County - east
 * Rock County - south
 * Minnehaha County, South Dakota - southwest
 * Moody County, South Dakota - west
 * Brookings County, South Dakota - northwest

Protected areas

 * Altona State Wildlife Management Area
 * Burke State Wildlife Management Area
 * Holland State Wildlife Management Area
 * Pheasant Terrace State Wildlife Management Area
 * Pipestone Indian State Wildlife Management Area (within Pipestone Natl Monument)
 * Pipestone National Monument
 * Prairie Coteau Scientific and Natural Area
 * Split Rock Creek State Park
 * Troy State Wildlife Management Area
 * Van Beek State Wildlife Management Area
 * Woodstock State Wildlife Management Area

Lakes
Pipestone County is one of only four Minnesota counties without a natural lake, the other three being Mower, Olmsted and Rock. It does contain manmade reservoirs:
 * Indian Lake
 * Split Rock Lake: in Split Rock Creek State Park

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,895 people, 4,069 households, and 2,726 families in the county. The population density was 21.3 /mi2. There were 4,434 housing units at an average density of 9.54 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.68% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 1.48% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. 0.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 35.7% were of German, 24.8% Dutch and 14.3% Norwegian ancestry.

There were 4,069 households, of which 31.0% had children under age 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.96.

The county population contained 25.8% under age 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 or older. The median age was 40. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,909, and the median income for a family was $40,133. Males had a median income of $27,642 versus $20,759 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,450. About 7.8% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under 18 and 11.1% of those 65 or older.

Cities

 * Edgerton
 * Hatfield
 * Holland
 * Ihlen
 * Jasper (partly in Rock County)
 * Pipestone (county seat)
 * Ruthton
 * Trosky
 * Woodstock

Unincorporated communities

 * Airlie
 * Cazenovia
 * Cresson
 * Diamond Corner

Townships

 * Aetna Township
 * Altona Township
 * Burke Township
 * Eden Township
 * Elmer Township
 * Fountain Prairie Township
 * Grange Township
 * Gray Township
 * Osborne Township
 * Rock Township
 * Sweet Township
 * Troy Township

Government and politics
In recent decades Pipestone County has trended Republican. In no presidential election since 1976 has the county selected the Democratic nominee (as of 2020). In 2012, it was one of only two counties not to vote for Democratic U.S. Senate candidate Amy Klobuchar, along with its southern neighbor Rock County.

title: Pipestone County, Minnesota


text:
Talk:Vaucluse

- Wondering how to edit this département entry? The WikiProject French departements standards might help.

Oh Hellé
Can anybody subsantiate Mariette Delangle ran a Bugatti at this or any other French GP in '31? TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  17:03, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vaucluse


text:
Pine County, Minnesota

Pine County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,876. Its county seat is Pine City. The county was formed in 1856 and organized in 1872. Today, Pine County is the fastest growing county in the state.

Part of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation is in Pine County.

History
Pine County was organized on March 1, 1856, with territory partitioned from Chisago and Ramsey counties. The original county seat was Chengwatana. It was named for its abundant pine tree growth.

In 1857, Buchanan County in full and southern parts of Aitkin and Carlton Counties were formed from the original Pine County, with Kanabec County organized a year later. In 1861, Buchanan County was dissolved and folded into Pine County. Pine County was reorganized in 1872, with Pine City named as the county seat for the remaining smaller area.

Popular culture
Pine County has been featured in a series of mysteries by Dean Hovey.

Geography
Pine County lies on the east side of Minnesota. Its southeast border abuts Wisconsin (across the St. Croix River). The St. Croix flows southerly along its border. The Kettle River flows southeastward through central Pine County, discharging into the St. Croix on the county's east border, and the Snake River flows eastward through the lower part of the county toward its discharge point into the St. Croix. The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, carved with drainages, partly wooded and otherwise devoted to agriculture. The terrain slopes to the south and east, with its highest point near its northeast corner, at 1,319 ft ASL. The county has an area of 1435 sqmi, of which 1411 sqmi is land and 23 sqmi (1.6%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-35.svg|20px]] Interstate 35
 * [[Image:MN-18.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 18
 * [[Image:MN-23.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 23
 * [[Image:MN-48.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 48
 * [[Image:MN-70.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 70
 * [[Image:MN-107.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 107
 * [[Image:MN-123.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 123
 * List of county roads

Adjacent counties

 * Carlton County - north
 * Douglas County, Wisconsin - northeast
 * Burnett County, Wisconsin - east
 * Chisago County - south
 * Isanti County - southwest
 * Kanabec County - west
 * Aitkin County - northwest

Protected areas

 * Banning State Park
 * Chengwatana State Forest
 * DAR Memorial State Forest
 * General C. C. Andrews State Forest
 * Kettle River Scientific and Natural Area
 * Nemadji State Forest (part)
 * Pine County State Game Refuge
 * Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway (part)
 * St. Croix State Park
 * Wild River State Park (part)

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 26,530 people, 9,939 households, and 6,917 families in the county. The population density was 18.8 /mi2. There were 15,353 housing units at an average density of 10.9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 91.9% White, 2.0% Black or African American, 3.1% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. 2.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 32.3% were of German, 11.6% Swedish, 11.1% Norwegian and 5.5% American ancestry.

There were 17,276 households, out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.50% were married couples living together, 8.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% were non-families. 25.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.02.

The county population contained 25.50% under the age of 18, 7.70% from 18 to 24, 27.90% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 108.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,379, and the median income for a family was $44,058. Males had a median income of $31,600 versus $22,675 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,445. About 7.80% of families and 11.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 10.00% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Askov (originally Partridge)
 * Brook Park
 * Bruno
 * Denham
 * Finlayson
 * Henriette (originally Cornell)
 * Hinckley (originally Central Station)
 * Kerrick
 * Pine City (county seat)
 * Rock Creek
 * Rutledge
 * Sandstone
 * Sturgeon Lake
 * Willow River

Unincorporated communities

 * Beroun (originally Brown's Hill)
 * Cloverdale
 * Cloverton
 * Duquette
 * Duxbury
 * Ellson
 * Friesland
 * Greeley
 * Groningen
 * Kingsdale
 * Lake Lena
 * Markville
 * Mission Creek
 * Nickerson
 * Pokegama
 * West Rock

Ghost towns

 * Belden
 * Banning
 * Big Spring
 * Blomskog
 * Chengwatana
 * Cornell
 * Clint
 * Danewood
 * Eaglehead
 * Harlis
 * Midway
 * Milburn
 * Mission Creek
 * Outflow
 * Tozer Camp
 * Turpville
 * Tuxedo
 * Villstad
 * Wareham

Townships

 * Arlone Township
 * Arna Township
 * Barry Township
 * Birch Creek Township
 * Bremen Township
 * Brook Park Township
 * Bruno Township
 * Chengwatana Township
 * Clover Township
 * Crosby Township
 * Danforth Township
 * Dell Grove Township
 * Finlayson Township
 * Fleming Township
 * Hinckley Township
 * Kerrick Township
 * Kettle River Township
 * Mission Creek Township
 * Munch Township
 * New Dosey Township
 * Nickerson Township
 * Norman Township
 * Ogema Township
 * Park Township
 * Partridge Township
 * Pine City Township
 * Pine Lake Township
 * Pokegama Township
 * Royalton Township
 * Sandstone Township
 * Sturgeon Lake Township
 * Wilma Township
 * Windemere Township

Politics
Pine County was once a Democratic stronghold. Between 1932 and 2008, Democrats won the county all but twice, with the two exceptions being nationwide Republican landslide victories in 1952 by Dwight D. Eisenhower and in 1972 by Richard Nixon (by only 87 votes). The tides began to turn in Pine County in 2012, when Republican challenger Mitt Romney barely won the county over incumbent Democrat Barack Obama by less than 1% and a margin of just 95 votes, becoming the first Republican to win the county in 40 years. The 2016 election saw a dramatic rightward turn, as Donald Trump won the county by a margin of over 26%, and he further increased his margin of victory to over 30% in 2020, as Trump became the first Republican to win over 60% of the vote in Pine County since Warren G. Harding a century earlier.

title: Pine County, Minnesota


text:
Pennington County, Minnesota

Pennington County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,992. Its county seat is Thief River Falls.

History
The Wisconsin Territory was established by the federal government effective July 3, 1836, and existed until its eastern portion was granted statehood (as Wisconsin) in 1848. The federal government set up the Minnesota Territory in the remaining territory, effective March 3, 1849. The newly organized territorial legislature created nine counties across the territory in October of that year. One of those original counties, Pembina, had its lower portion partitioned in 1858 by the newly organized Minnesota State legislature to create Polk County. On December 24, 1896, the legislature partitioned the northern portion of Polk to create Red Lake County. Then on November 23, 1910, the northern part of Red Lake was sectioned off to create Pennington County, the penultimate Minnesota county to be created (followed by Lake of the Woods in 1922). The county was named for Edmund Pennington (1848-1926), a longtime Minnesota railroad executive, who was serving as president of the Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Sault Ste. Marie Railway when the county was formed. Thief River Falls, the area's major settlement (platted in 1887), was specified as the county seat.

Geography
The Red Lake River flows westward into the county from Beltrami County through Pennington's central portion. Near Thief River Falls it is joined by the Thief River, flowing southward into the county from Marshall County. The combined flow exits Pennington County toward the south, then swings west- and northwestward as it moves to its confluence with the Red River near Grand Forks, North Dakota. The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, lightly wooded, with all available areas devoted to agriculture. The terrain slopes to the west and south, with its highest point near the lower east border, at 1,186 ft ASL. The county has a total area of 618 sqmi, of which 617 sqmi is land and 1.7 sqmi (0.3%) is water. Pennington is one of 17 Minnesota savanna region counties with more savanna soils than either prairie or forest soils.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 59.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 59
 * [[Image:MN-1.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 1
 * [[Image:MN-32.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 32
 * [[Image:MN-219.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 219
 * [[Image:County 3 (MN).svg|20px]] Pennington County State-Aid Highway 3: Major connector between Pennington County and Grand Forks. Connects with Polk County State-Aid Highway 21.
 * [[Image:County 17 (MN).svg|20px]] Pennington County State-Aid Highway 17: Connects Thief River Falls to the Airport
 * [[Image:County 10 (MN).svg|20px]] Pennington County State-Aid Highway 10: Major route, also known as Pembina Trail
 * [[Image:County 16 (MN).svg|20px]] Pennington County State-Aid Highway 16: US 59 Truck Bypass of Thief River Falls, connects US 59 / MN 1 on the west side of town to MN 32 on the south side of town
 * [[Image:County 27 (MN).svg|20px]] [[Image:County 28 (MN).svg|20px]] Pennington County State-Aid Highways 27 & 28: Designated and designed for heavy truck traffic connecting US 2 to Roseau County and Marshall County

Airports

 * Thief River Falls Regional Airport

Adjacent counties

 * Marshall County - north
 * Beltrami County - east
 * Clearwater County - southeast
 * Red Lake County - south
 * Polk County - west

Protected areas

 * Higinbotham State Wildlife Management Area
 * Pembina State Wildlife Management Area

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,584 people, 5,525 households, and 3,552 families in the county. The population density was 22.0 /mi2. There were 6,033 housing units at an average density of 9.78 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.02% White, 0.21% Black or African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. 1.24% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 49.0% were of Norwegian, 15.4% German and 7.2% Swedish ancestry.

There were 5,525 households, out of which 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.70% were married couples living together, 9.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.70% were non-families. 29.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.95.

The county population contained 24.50% under the age of 18, 10.30% from 18 to 24, 26.50% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 97.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,216, and the median income for a family was $43,936. Males had a median income of $30,771 versus $21,078 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,346. About 7.70% of families and 11.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.70% of those under age 18 and 14.80% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Goodridge
 * St. Hilaire
 * Thief River Falls (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

 * Dakota Junction
 * Erie
 * Hazel
 * Highlanding
 * Kratka
 * Mavie
 * River Valley

Townships

 * Black River Township
 * Bray Township
 * Clover Leaf Township
 * Deer Park Township
 * Goodridge Township
 * Hickory Township
 * Highlanding Township
 * Kratka Township
 * Mayfield Township
 * Norden Township
 * North Township
 * Numedal Township
 * Polk Centre Township
 * Reiner Township
 * River Falls Township
 * Rocksbury Township
 * Sanders Township
 * Silverton Township
 * Smiley Township
 * Star Township
 * Wyandotte Township

Politics
In the first five elections after its founding, Pennington County had mixed results in presidential elections, voting for four different parties at least once in that span. From 1932 to 1996, the county voted Democratic, typically by moderately healthy margins, in every election save for three nationwide Republican landslides, Richard Nixon in 1972 and Ronald Reagan in both 1980 and 1984. Beginning in 2000, Pennington County has favored Republicans in five of the six elections, with the exception being Barack Obama winning the county in 2008 by a fairly small margin of about 2%.

title: Pennington County, Minnesota


text:
Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Otter Tail County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, its population was 60,081. Its county seat is Fergus Falls. Otter Tail County comprises the Fergus Falls micropolitan statistical area. With 1,048 lakes in its borders, Otter Tail County has more lakes than any other county in the United States.

History
Native Americans used the area for hunting and fishing, and had permanent dwelling sites. Two Native American tribes were in constant conflict. The Dakota (Sioux) were being pushed from their home area by the Ojibwa (Chippewa) during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Burial mounds and artifacts can still be found. Some of the oldest Native American remains were found near Pelican Rapids, Minnesota. The remains, nicknamed Minnesota Girl, were dated at about 11,000 BC.

The first European men to enter the county were French and British fur traders. Efforts were made to set up trading posts on the Leaf Lakes and Otter Tail Lake. In the late 19th century, most of the towns were built along the railroad lines. Lumber and agriculture were the major industries in the county at that time. The pine and hardwood forests, transportation system, and markets were instrumental in the development of Fergus Falls into a lumber center. The Wisconsin Territory was established by the federal government effective July 3, 1836, and existed until its eastern portion was granted statehood (as Wisconsin) in 1848. The federal government set up the Minnesota Territory effective March 3, 1849. The newly organized territorial legislature created nine counties across the territory in October of that year. One of those original counties, Dakota, had a section partitioned off in 1851 to create Cass County. On March 18, 1858, the outgoing territorial legislature created Otter Tail County from areas partitioned from Cass and Pembina, another of the original counties created in 1849. The county was named for Otter Tail Lake and the Otter Tail River. The county was not organized in 1858, nor was a county seat specified. On September 12, 1868, the legislature completed the county organization, and specified Otter Tail City as county seat. Otter Tail City began as a waystation on a fur-trade route between Saint Paul and the Red River valley. The settlement was of sufficient size that when the Minnesota Territory established a US land office for this part of the territory, the office was sited at Otter Tail City. Thus, the city was named as the seat when the county was organized, but people had begun settling the future Fergus Falls area in 1857, and it grew sufficiently that in fall 1872, the vote was taken to move the county seat there. The Northern Pacific Railroad had initially planned to run a line through Otter Tail City, but complications caused the line to be placed in Fergus Falls, which precipitated the county seat move. The Soo Line later made plans to run a line through Otter Tail City, but when townspeople could not agree on the routing, another route east of the city was constructed. Thus, a new city plat was generated, with the settlement name changing to Ottertail.

In 1870, the population of the county was about 2,000. At that time, the principal languages spoken in the county were Norwegian, Swedish, German, and English. By 1875 there was also a sizeable Polish community.

The people of Fergus Falls organized a new county named Holcomb. In 1872, a legislative act abolished Holcomb County, added additional townships to the west, and established Fergus Falls as Otter Tail County's seat.

Early telephone
The Fergus Falls Telephone Exchange Company organized on March 20, 1882, and was in a room at the First National Bank at the corner of Cascade and Lincoln. The system install was very crude. Efforts were made to have telephones installed in the courthouse but commissioners did not feel it was necessary. Eventually a telephone was installed in the auditor's office through a combination of private and public funds. A clerk in the office was tasked with tracking down the officer who was called. The business was sold to the Northwestern Telephone Exchange Company in 1883.

Geography
The Otter Tail River flows south and west through the central and western parts of the county on its way to form the Red River in Wilkin County. It is joined by the south-flowing Pelican River west of Fergus Falls. The Leaf River rises in the county and flows east to its confluence with the Crow Wing River in neighboring Wadena County. The Redeye River flows southeast through the county's northeast section toward its confluence with the Leaf in Wadena. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, heavily wooded through its center section, dotted with lakes and ponds, and carved with drainages and gullies. The available area is devoted to agriculture. The county terrain slopes to the west and south. The highest points on the county terrain are at two different locations: Inspiration Peak, at 1,727 ft, and Pekan Peak (unofficial name) a summit northeast of the village of Urbank in Folden Township, Section 32, at 1,800 ft above sea level. The county has an area of 2225 sqmi, of which 1972 sqmi are land and 252 sqmi (11%) are covered by water. Otter Tail is one of 17 Minnesota savanna region counties with more savanna soils than either forest or prairie soils. According to its website, the county contains over 1,000 lakes.

Airports

 * Aerovilla Airport - 2 mi NW of Perham
 * Battle Lake Municipal Airport - 1.6 mi NNE of Battle Lake
 * Fergus Falls Municipal Airport (FFM) - 3.8 mi W of Fergus Falls
 * Henning Municipal Airport (05Y) - 1.1 mi S of Henning
 * Pelican Rapids Municipal Airport (47Y) - 4.6 mi NNW of Pelican Rapids
 * Perham Municipal Airport (16D) - 1 mi NW of Perham
 * Wadena Municipal Airport (ADC) - 3.4 mi W of Wadena

Adjacent counties

 * Becker County - north
 * Wadena County - northeast
 * Todd County - southeast
 * Douglas County - south
 * Grant County - southwest
 * Wilkin County - west
 * Clay County - northwest

Protected areas

 * Aastad State Wildlife Management Area
 * Amor State Wildlife Management Area
 * Bluff Creek State Wildlife Management Area
 * Davies State Wildlife Management Area
 * Dead Lake State Wildlife Management Area
 * Doran State Wildlife Management Area
 * Eagle Lake State Wildlife Management Area
 * Eastern Township State Wildlife Management Area
 * Elmo State Wildlife Management Area
 * Folden Woods State Wildlife Management Area
 * Glendalough State Park
 * Hi-View State Wildlife Management Area
 * Inman State Wildlife Management Area
 * Inspiration Peak State Wayside Park
 * Jensen Memorial State Wildlife Management Area
 * Maplewood State Park
 * Orwell State Wildlife Management Area
 * Otter Tail Prairie Scientific and Natural Area
 * Prairie Ridge State Wildlife Management Area
 * Valdine State Wildlife Management Area

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 57,159 people, 22,671 households, and 15,779 families in the county. The population density was 29.0 /mi2. There were 33,862 housing units at an average density of 17.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.11% White, 0.29% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.84% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.67% of the population. 35.5% were of German and 31.2% Norwegian ancestry.

There were 22,671 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98.

The county population contained 24.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,395, and the median income for a family was $42,740. Males had a median income of $30,151 versus $20,930 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,014. About 6.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Otter Tail is a Republican stronghold in U.S. presidential elections, having voted for the party's candidates in every election since 1936. The only Democrats to win the county since Minnesota became a state in 1858 have been Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first election victory, and unsuccessful candidate William Jennings Bryan in 1896.

During the Great Depression, there was a communist faction within the county. The areas where the movement was centered are quite desolate today, but in mid-1932 over 900 people were involved in one of the state's communist organizations at what was a historic low point for farmers. The members of the communist party were very active in the New York Mills area of Newton, Leaf Lake, Blowers, Deer Creek and Paddock Townships. They held meetings, recruited members, placed candidates on local and state tickets, and distributed propaganda. They held dances in Heinola, Menahga, and Sebeka where the Soviet hammer and sickle was proudly displayed and ran a summer camp on East Leaf Lake.

By the time Franklin Roosevelt implemented his New Deal programs in the county, the communist movement began to lose steam. In addition, the Winter War in Europe between Finland and the U.S.S.R. soured many Finnish immigrants on communism (Finns had been a large proportion of the local communists). Carl Peltoniemi, a former local communist, said, "The communist movement within the Finnish community basically ended at the start of the Winter War in 1939–1940."

In the Minnesota House of Representatives, Otter Tail County is divided into two districts, 8A and 8B. They are represented by Republicans Bud Nornes (8A) and Mary Franson (8B). Districts 8A and 8B make up Minnesota State Senate district 8, which is represented by Republican State Senator Bill Ingebrigtsen.

Cities

 * Battle Lake
 * Bluffton
 * Clitherall
 * Dalton
 * Deer Creek
 * Dent
 * Elizabeth
 * Erhard
 * Fergus Falls (county seat)
 * Henning
 * New York Mills
 * Ottertail
 * Parkers Prairie
 * Pelican Rapids
 * Perham
 * Richville
 * Rothsay (part)
 * Underwood
 * Urbank
 * Vergas
 * Vining
 * Wadena (part)

Unincorporated communities

 * Butler
 * Carlisle
 * Dunvilla
 * Heinola
 * Luce
 * Parkton
 * Richdale
 * Topelius
 * Wall Lake
 * Woodland Park
 * Wrightstown

Townships

 * Aastad Township
 * Amor Township
 * Aurdal Township
 * Blowers Township
 * Bluffton Township
 * Buse Township
 * Butler Township
 * Candor Township
 * Carlisle Township
 * Clitherall Township
 * Compton Township
 * Corliss Township
 * Dane Prairie Township
 * Dead Lake Township
 * Deer Creek Township
 * Dora Township
 * Dunn Township
 * Eagle Lake Township
 * Eastern Township
 * Edna Township
 * Effington Township
 * Elizabeth Township
 * Elmo Township
 * Erhards Grove Township
 * Everts Township
 * Fergus Falls Township
 * Folden Township
 * Friberg Township
 * Girard Township
 * Gorman Township
 * Henning Township
 * Hobart Township
 * Homestead Township
 * Inman Township
 * Leaf Lake Township
 * Leaf Mountain Township
 * Lida Township
 * Maine Township
 * Maplewood Township
 * Newton Township
 * Nidaros Township
 * Norwegian Grove Township
 * Oak Valley Township
 * Orwell Township
 * Oscar Township
 * Otter Tail Township
 * Otto Township
 * Paddock Township
 * Parkers Prairie Township
 * Pelican Township
 * Perham Township
 * Pine Lake Township
 * Rush Lake Township
 * Scambler Township
 * St. Olaf Township
 * Star Lake Township
 * Sverdrup Township
 * Tordenskjold Township
 * Trondhjem Township
 * Tumuli Township
 * Western Township
 * Woodside Township

Education
School districts include:

 * Ashby Public School District
 * Barnesville Public School District
 * Battle Lake Public School District
 * Bertha-Hewitt Public School District
 * Brandon-Evansville Public Schools
 * Breckenridge Public School District
 * Campbell-Tintah Public School District
 * Detroit Lakes Public School District
 * Fergus Falls Public School District
 * Frazee-Vergas Public School District
 * Henning Public School District
 * Lake Park Audubon School District
 * Menahga Public School District
 * New York Mills Public School District
 * Parkers Prairie Public School District
 * Pelican Rapids Public School District
 * Perham-Dent Public School District
 * Rothsay Public School District
 * Sebeka Public School District
 * Underwood Public School District
 * Wadena-Deer Creek School District
 * West Central Area School District

title: Otter Tail County, Minnesota


text:
Talk:Vendée

-

Untitled
Wondering how to edit this département entry? The WikiProject French departements standards might help.

Just deleted two excess commas in the history section, notably "King Henri IV[comma- now deleted] issued the Edict of Nantes in...". 24.196.117.98 02:31, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Why is there no reference to the excellent article "Revolt in the Vendee" on this page?

Inhabitants "Vendéens" pronunciation
There was a little mistake in the "Geography & Climate" paragraph; the term "Vendéen" should be pronounced [vãdeɛ̃] (not [vãdeã]) (as in "gardien" [gardiɛ̃](french for "guardian") Baldodo (talk) 16:57, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

New to this gig
I've updated and expanded the section on "economy" and removed some links that appeared to be solely there to push someone's accomodation provision business. I'll work up the rest of the entry as and when I can, but I am new to Wiki-ing (as that a word?) so any constructive criticism welcome....

Bias
It is all well and good to be against what is pretty objectively a genocide of the revolutionary troops, but this article goes beyond that and is, let's call it, touchingly nostalgic for the ancien régime. It is right and proper to point out republican war crimes and not to make a faux-bipartisan issue out of the slaughter. But this article blurs the distinction between the political dispute (which had much more complex roots than just good upstanding clerical-minded citizens being robbed) and the horrific war. Someone needs to erase the appeals to emotion. 93.220.125.180 (talk) 19:10, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

I think the "touchingly nostalgic" is a tad harsh, but I agree that the tone of this section is not nearly nuetral. I'll work up some references and see if I can't come up with something more objective in tone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.0.212.140 (talk) 18:09, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

How neutral does one have to be about the Reign of Terror ? Solzhenitsyn referred to Tambov as " [our] Vendée ". He was right. The "Republicans" didn't use poison gas of course ...but otherwise the comparison seems valid. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zioguido (talk • contribs) 00:45, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

Eight months on and we're still waiting for the "balancing" point of view. How long do we have to wait? JKeck (talk) 18:32, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vendée