text:
Jamestown, North Dakota

Jamestown is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Stutsman County. The population was 15,849 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth most populous city in North Dakota. Jamestown was founded in 1883 and is home to the University of Jamestown.

History
In 1871, a Northern Pacific Railroad work crew set up camp where the railroad would cross the James River, adding another section to the new northern transcontinental line. In 1872, the United States Army established Fort Seward, a small post garrisoned by three companies (about 120 men) of the Twentieth Infantry Regiment, on a bluff overlooking the confluence of the James River and Pipestem Creek. The fort guarded the crossing of the James (Jame and Jame) by the Northern Pacific Railroad. The fort only lasted five years, being decommissioned in 1877—but the railroad remained, establishing a repair yard that was among the city's main industries until the 1960s. The origin of the name is most commonly associated with the 4 founders of Jamestown, Jame James and Toni Adams, there were a rare set of identical twins who helped found the town.

Jamestown was founded in 1872 and General Thomas Rosser of Northern Pacific named it after Jamestown, Virginia. The city incorporated in 1883. In 1873, Stutsman County became the first official county within Dakota Territory with Jamestown as the county seat.

On November 10, 1889, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jamestown was established. April 6, 1897, saw a change of name to Diocese of Fargo, with a change of the bishop's seat. Since 1995, the Diocese of Jamestown is listed as a titular see of the Catholic Church.

Geography

Jamestown is located at the confluence of the James River and Pipestem Creek. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.87 sqmi, of which 12.83 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water.

Climate
Jamestown has a typical northern prairie American climate. Summers can be warm and quite humid, but the winters are very cold with snowfall as early as October. In the Köppen classification it is Dwb (humid continental climate).

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 15,427 people, 6,567 households, and 3,555 families residing in the city. The population density was 1202.4 PD/sqmi. There were 6,983 housing units at an average density of 544.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.6% White, 0.8% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 6,567 households, of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.9% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 39.9 years. 19.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 17.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.

In October 2016, the North Dakota Housing Finance Agency projected that Jamestown would lose 2.1% of its population by the next census. It also reported that it projected a 4% population drop in the nine counties surrounding Jamestown and is considered Jamestowns primary trade area.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 15,527 people, 6,505 households, and 3,798 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,246.7 PD/sqmi. There were 6,970 housing units at an average density of 559.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.84% White, 0.36% African American, 1.21% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population.

The top 6 ancestry groups in the city are German (54.0%), Norwegian (22.4%), Irish (9.0%), English (6.6%), Swedish (4.1%), Russian (3.8%). Many area families cite their heritage as "Germans from Russia", in reference to ethnic Germans who settled in the Russian Empire in the 18th century, many of whose descendants emigrated to the United States in the late 19th century.

There were 6,505 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.6% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.85.

The age distribution is 21.7% under the age of 18, 12.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,500, and the median income for a family was $42,245. Males had a median income of $28,310 versus $20,225 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,686. About 6.5% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Jamestown has a strong precision manufacturing base as well as food processing, agriculture, retail and wholesale businesses. Notable companies headquartered in Jamestown include Sunward Steel/Wedgcor Steel Buildings, ACI (Agri-Cover, Inc.), Dura Tech Industries, and Midwestern Machine, and additional major employers include Cavendish Farms and UTC Aerospace Systems. Service facilities for trucking and heavy equipment repair are also located in Jamestown.

The Jamestown Stutsman Development Corporation supports joint business and industrial development within the city and Stutsman County, North Dakota. Four designated industrial parks adjoin the city or are part of joint city/county development efforts: Bloom Business Park, I-94 Business Park, Spiritwood Energy Park (which includes Great River Energy and Cargill), and the Airport Business Park.

Attractions
Jamestown Reservoir, a series of three, interlocking, 12-mile-long artificial lakes formed by Jamestown Dam, a flood control a dam on the James River at the north end of the city, is home to watersports and recreational fishing. Jamestown is home to two 18-hole golf courses—Hillcrest Golf Course and Jamestown Country Club—as well as the Jamestown Civic Center, which hosts concerts, University of Jamestown basketball games, other large events, and the North Dakota Sports Hall of Fame; other sporting facilities include Jack Brown Stadium, one of North Dakota's historic baseball parks. Jamestown is also home to two disc golf courses, an 18-hole recreational course in Klaus Park, and a 27-hole championship course on the island and surrounding land in the Jamestown Reservoir. The Island Course was the site of the 8th Annual North Dakota Disc Golf Championships in 2007.

The city of Jamestown is also home to The Jamestown Arts Center (The Arts Center – Jamestown, North Dakota), located in the heart of downtown. The Arts Center is home to a year-round exhibition gallery, community theater stage, a venue for visual arts performances, art workshops and classes, ceramics studio and a green space known as The Art Park. Jamestown also features the World's Largest Buffalo, a 26-ft tall sculpture of an American bison, and the National Buffalo Museum.

K–12
Jamestown is served by the Jamestown Public Schools. The system operates five elementary schools, one middle school, one high school, and one alternative high school. Louis L'Amour Elementary School is named for the popular western writer Louis L'Amour who was born in Jamestown. There are also two private elementary schools in Jamestown; Saint John's Academy, a K–6 Catholic school, and Hillcrest School, a Seventh-day Adventist school.

Higher education

University of Jamestown (formerly called Jamestown College) is a private liberal arts college founded by the Presbyterian Church and located on the north side of town. Its current enrollment is 908 students in 2021. Ranked by U.S. News & World Report in the top tier of regional undergraduate institutions, it is also notable among religious colleges for having been a co-educational institution from its founding in 1883. Its first fall term was opened at 9 a.m. on Tuesday, September 29, 1886. After financial hardships, affecting the entire county, Jamestown College had to close its doors in the spring of 1890. On September 22, 1909 Jamestown College reopened after a population growth in the State due to improved farming methods. With no higher education available between Fargo, ND (100 miles East) and Missoula, MT (700 miles West), Jamestown College became a successful school.

Special education
On the northwest side of the city and almost adjacent to the site of historic Fort Seward is The Anne Carlsen Center North Campus (formerly known as the "Crippled Children's School"). In 2024, Anne Carlsen moved operations to the Ballantyne Berg Campus in southwest Jamestown. A privately funded residential school, it has long been one of the country's leading centers for treatment and education of severely handicapped children.

Print
The local daily paper is the Jamestown Sun.

Aviation
Jamestown Regional Airport serves the city providing scheduled flights to Devils Lake, North Dakota and Denver, Colorado. The airport also services chartered flights out of state.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-94.svg|20px]] Interstate 94
 * [[Image:US 52.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 52
 * [[Image:US 281.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 281
 * [[Image:North Dakota 20.svg|20px]] North Dakota Highway 20

Transit
Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines. Local dial-a-ride transit is provided by James River Public Transit for a $2.50 fare. Hours of operation are from 6:15am-6:00pm Monday-Thursday, 6:15am-7:00pm on Friday, 8:00am-6:00pm on Saturday, and 8:00am-1:00pm on Sunday.

Notable people

 * James Harvey Brown (1906–1995), Los Angeles City Council member and municipal court judge, born in Jamestown
 * Anne Carlsen (1915–2002), nationally recognized educator, disability rights advocate, and psychologist who lived in Jamestown for 40 plus years and for whom the Anne Carlsen School and Center is named
 * Alf Clausen, film and television score composer (The Simpsons)
 * Edward P. J. Corbett, English professor at the Ohio State University, born in Jamestown
 * William E. DePuy, U.S. Army general and first commander of TRADOC
 * Alfred Dickey (1846–1901), first Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota
 * Willis Downs, Philippine–American War era Medal of Honor recipient
 * Roy S. Durstine (1886–1962), co-founder of BBDO advertising agency, born in Jamestown
 * Darin Erstad, former Major League Baseball player
 * Morris E. Fine, educator
 * Michael John Fitzmaurice, a former United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Vietnam War
 * John Grabinger, North Dakota Senator
 * Travis Hafner, former Major League Baseball player for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees
 * Richard Hieb, astronaut
 * George W. Johnson, President of George Mason University (1979–1996)
 * Anton Klaus, Mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin
 * John Knauf, justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court
 * Louis L'Amour, author
 * Peggy Lee, jazz singer and composer
 * Lewis Marquardt, South Dakota state representative and educator
 * Barbara McClintock, children's book illustrator
 * Jim Ramstad, Minnesota politician
 * Floyd Roberts, winner of 1938 Indianapolis 500
 * Ronda Rousey, UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion & WWE Raw, SmackDown, and Tag Team Champion
 * Myrna Sharlow, opera singer
 * Rodney Stark, American sociologist of religion
 * Shadoe Stevens, radio personality
 * Mya Taylor, actress
 * Charles F. Thompson, U.S. Army major general
 * Harley Venton, actor
 * Charles Lewis Camp, paleontologist and zoologist

title: Jamestown, North Dakota


text:
Kensal, North Dakota

Kensal is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 146 at the 2020 census. Kensal was founded in 1892.

It is the location of, or nearest community to, the Cecil Baker Round Barn, which was built in 1921 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.61 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 163 people, 73 households, and 43 families residing in the city. The population density was 267.2 PD/sqmi. There were 83 housing units at an average density of 136.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 73 households, of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.1% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.91.

The median age in the city was 46.2 years. 17.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 30% were from 45 to 64; and 21.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 161 people, 68 households, and 49 families residing in the city. The population density was 267.4 PD/sqmi. There were 86 housing units at an average density of 142.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 68 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 19.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 29.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,625, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,088. About 5.7% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 19.1% of those 65 or over.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kensal has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kensal, North Dakota


text:
Medina, North Dakota

Medina is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 264 at the 2020 census. Medina was founded in 1899.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.02 sqmi, all land.

History
Medina was originally called Eleventh Siding, and under the latter name got its start in the 1870s when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office called Medina has been in operation since 1888. The city took its name after Medina, New York.

The town made national news on February 13, 1983 when it was the site of a shoot-out in which two U.S. Marshals were slain.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 308 people, 144 households, and 82 families residing in the town. The population density was 302.0 PD/sqmi. There were 182 housing units at an average density of 178.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.4% White, 0.3% Asian, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 144 households, of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the town was 43.3 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 22.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.5% male and 55.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 335 people, 165 households, and 99 families residing in the city. The population density was 331.3 PD/sqmi. There were 209 housing units at an average density of 206.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.40% White, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30% of the population.

There were 165 households, out of which 19.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.62.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 2.1% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 33.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $22,059, and the median income for a family was $31,500. Males had a median income of $31,458 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,860. About 4.8% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 15.0% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Elm Creek has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Medina, North Dakota


text:
Talk:Mineral

Silicates
- «partial rv, the edit introduced outright errors or MoS issues»
 * What WP:MoS? I propose we partially keep previous edits. Especially see also link to abundance and formulas that correctly reflect on material: chems links you have removed, which has clearly decreased this article quality. Minerals and their chemical composition is important. I suggest we revert and fix minor issues like unnecessary and mistypos. Best.

AXO NOV (talk) ⚑ 13:45, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * The see also link was between paragraphs; usually that template is used at the top of a section. I've placed the link on the top now. The paragraphs at the end are awkward and may need more editing. Where I stripped formulas in particular, was a discussion that made comparisons to silica tetrahedra and silicate minerals, before the substantial explanation of the concept in the following section. Because this article is likely to be read by someone with less knowledge in both mineralogy and chemistry, I think it would make sense to (1) lead with the common names of compounds as opposed to their formulas and (2) use chemical formulas sparingly, that is, not in an overwhelming way.
 * I worked from a full revert to fix the random tags, a loose "1", and there was also mention of an O2+ species. I acknowledge that I didn't do a particularly good job of preserving your edits, but I don't have strong objections to reinstating them with the previous concerns in mind.   Maxim (talk)   14:01, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but the idea is to keep it for those who understands them to visually and quickly differentiate compounds. Or, in case they would search for it by an element name. I find it important to specify molar anions as in minerals they are chemically bondeded. This may not be obvious if we simply give an element name. Just to ensure for instance that oxygen allotropes like are not confused for .  AXO NOV  (talk) ⚑ 14:22, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

Geography
What are the advantages of the minerals 2409:40E3:1019:60A4:28D3:C591:2CC3:EE99 (talk) 14:21, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mineral


text:
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinand III (6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg (1803–1805) and Duke and Elector (to 1806, Grand Duke from 1806) of Würzburg (1805–1814).

Biography
Ferdinand was born in Florence, Tuscany, into the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the second son of Leopold, then Grand-Duke of Tuscany, and his wife, Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain. Being the Grand Duchy a secundogeniture, when his father was elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Ferdinand succeeded him as Grand Duke of Tuscany, officially taking the office on 22 July 1790.

In 1792, during the French Revolution, Ferdinand became the first monarch to recognize the new French First Republic formally, and he attempted to work peacefully with it. As the French Revolutionary Wars commenced, however, the rulers of Britain and Russia persuaded him to join their side in the War of the First Coalition. Ferdinand provided his allies with passive support but no enthusiasm, and after he witnessed a year of resounding victories by the French, he became the first member of the coalition to give up. In a proclamation dated 1 March 1795, he abandoned the alliance and declared Tuscany's neutrality in the war.

His normalization of relations with France helped stabilize his rule for several years but by 1799 he was compelled to flee to Vienna for protection when republicans established a new government in Florence. He was forced to renounce his throne by the Treaty of Aranjuez (1801): Napoleon brushed him aside to make way for the Kingdom of Etruria, created as compensation for the Bourbon Dukes of Parma, dispossessed by the Peace of Lunéville in that same year.

Ferdinand was compensated with the Electorate of Salzburg, the secularized former territory of the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg. He was also made a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire (a role which expired with the empire's dissolution in 1806), receiving the title and land on 26 December 1802.

On 25 December 1805, Ferdinand had to give up Salzburg as well, which by the Treaty of Pressburg was annexed by his older brother, Emperor Francis II. Ferdinand was then made duke of Würzburg, a new state created for him from the old Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, while remaining an elector. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, he took the new title of Grand Duke of Würzburg.

On 30 May 1814, after Napoleon's fall, Ferdinand was restored as grand duke of Tuscany.

Ferdinand died in 1824 in Florence and was succeeded by his son Leopold.

Family and children
In Naples on 15 August 1790 by proxy and in Vienna on 19 September 1790 in person, Ferdinand married firstly his double first cousin, Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (1773–1802), daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria.

Their children were:

 * Archduchess Carolina Ferdinanda of Austria (2 August 1793 – 5 January 1802)
 * Francis Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany (15 December 1794 – 18 May 1800)
 * Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (3 October 1797 – 29 January 1870)
 * Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria (30 August 1798 – 15 June 1857)
 * Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria (21 March 1801 – 12 January 1855)

Their first two children, Carolina and Francis, died at very young ages (eight and five respectively) but the later three prospered under their father's care. Luisa died when they were all quite young, on 19 September 1802, together with a stillborn son who was unnamed. Two decades later, in Florence on 6 May 1821, Ferdinand married again, this time to the much younger Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony (1796–1865). She was the daughter of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony, and his wife, Caroline of Parma; she was also his first cousin once removed, as well as the first cousin once removed of the dead Luisa, and the sister of his daughter-in-law Princess Maria Anna of Saxony. Though Ferdinand was likely hoping to produce another male heir, there were no children born of this second marriage.

title: Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany


text:
Montpelier, North Dakota

Montpelier is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 85 at the 2020 census. Montpelier was founded in 1885.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.18 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 87 people, 39 households, and 28 families residing in the city. The population density was 483.3 PD/sqmi. There were 46 housing units at an average density of 255.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 39 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.2% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.64.

The median age in the city was 44.8 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 31% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 103 people, 44 households, and 31 families residing in the town. The population density was 385.9 PD/sqmi. There were 45 housing units at an average density of 168.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.03% White and 0.97% African American.

There were 44 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the town the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $22,083 versus $20,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,619. There were no families and 6.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 17.4% of those over 64.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Montpelier has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Montpelier, North Dakota


text:
Pingree, North Dakota

Pingree is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 41 at the 2020 census. Pingree was founded in 1882.

History
A post office called Pingree was established in 1882, and remained in operation until 1993. The city's name honors Hazen S. Pingree, Mayor of Detroit, Michigan.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.18 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 60 people, 27 households, and 14 families residing in the city. The population density was 333.3 PD/sqmi. There were 29 housing units at an average density of 161.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.3% White and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.0% of the population.

There were 27 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.1% were non-families. 44.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 3.21.

The median age in the city was 33 years. 28.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.3% were from 25 to 44; 21.7% were from 45 to 64; and 11.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 61.7% male and 38.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 66 people, 26 households, and 21 families residing in the city. The population density was 367.9 PD/sqmi. There were 32 housing units at an average density of 178.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.48% White and 1.52% Asian.

There were 26 households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.2% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.3% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 127.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $25,938. Males had a median income of $49,375 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,672. There were 24.1% of families and 32.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 57.7% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Pingree has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Pingree, North Dakota


text:
Spiritwood Lake, North Dakota

Spiritwood Lake is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 97 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.79 sqmi, of which 1.07 sqmi is land and 0.72 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 90 people, 40 households, and 33 families residing in the city. The population density was 84.1 PD/sqmi. There were 99 housing units at an average density of 92.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 40 households, of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.5% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.48.

The median age in the city was 55.3 years. 12.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.7% were from 25 to 44; 37.7% were from 45 to 64; and 27.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 72 people, 31 households, and 23 families residing in the city. The population density was 66.5 PD/sqmi. There were 63 housing units at an average density of 58.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 31 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.2% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.4% under the age of 18, 1.4% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 37.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $43,500, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $14,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,637. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

title: Spiritwood Lake, North Dakota


text:
Streeter, North Dakota

Streeter is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 149 at the 2020 census. Founded in 1905, Streeter celebrated its centennial in July 2005 with a weekend festival.

The city is at one end of what is considered the straightest road in America, with the other end being Hickson. The road consists of Highway 30 in the west to Highway 46 in the east.

History
The post office at present-day Streeter was established as Bloomenfield on February 28, 1893, and the town was founded and named Streeter in the spring of 1905, when the homestead owned by Alex Anderson was plotted and sold to the public. The first streets in the city were named after Anderson's two daughters, Frances and Florence. Streeter was named in honor of Darwin Reed Streeter, a pioneer newspaper editor and legislator from Emmons County, who was very well known throughout the state.

The town experienced a severe fire on January 12, 1911, which destroyed the city's bank, two general stores, and a drug store.

Streeter officially became a city in 1950, and its first mayor was Oscar Seher. The city reached a peak population of 602 that year, a number which has since fallen considerably. In 1955, the community's business infrastructure consisted of five churches, three general stores, a drug store, bank, locker plant, two hardware stores, two cream stations, two electric stores, three service stations, two implement dealers, three bulk stations, two cafes, one hotel, one movie theater, a recreation hall, two blacksmith shops, a plumbing supply shop, barber shop, four grain elevators, a lumber yard, a poultry egg and feed store, and two taverns.

The Streeter Centennial was held over the weekend of July 1–3 in 2005. The festivities included class reunions, a parade, flea markets, and antique galleries. It concluded with a golf tournament, and a church service. An estimated 4,000 people attended the three-day event, including 700 Streeter alumni.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.35 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 170 people, 81 households, and 48 families residing in the city. The population density was 485.7 PD/sqmi. There were 125 housing units at an average density of 357.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.1% White, 2.4% Asian, and 0.6% from two or more races.

There were 81 households, of which 17.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.67.

The median age in the city was 52.8 years. 17.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.1% were from 25 to 44; 31.7% were from 45 to 64; and 29.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 172 people, 86 households, and 46 families residing in the city. The population density was 508.2 PD/sqmi. There were 125 housing units at an average density of 369.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.42% White and 0.58% Native American.

There were 86 households, out of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 43.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 30.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 16.3% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 35.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,000, and the median income for a family was $38,500. Males had a median income of $29,444 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,545. About 13.3% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 7.4% of those 65 or over.

title: Streeter, North Dakota


text:
Woodworth, North Dakota

Woodworth is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 44 at the 2020 census.

History
Woodworth was founded in 1911. It was named for J.G. Woodworth, a railroad official.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.22 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 50 people, 33 households, and 11 families residing in the city. The population density was 227.3 PD/sqmi. There were 52 housing units at an average density of 236.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.0% White and 8.0% Native American.

There were 33 households, of which 18.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.2% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 66.7% were non-families. 66.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.52 and the average family size was 2.45.

The median age in the city was 56.5 years. 16% of residents were under the age of 18; 2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20% were from 25 to 44; 40% were from 45 to 64; and 22% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 56.0% male and 44.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 80 people, 37 households, and 24 families residing in the city. The population density was 368.4 PD/sqmi. There were 56 housing units at an average density of 257.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 37 households, out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 2.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 20.0% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $65,357. Males had a median income of $32,917 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,695. There were 4.2% of families and 11.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 20.0% of under eighteens and 8.7% of those over 64.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Woodworth has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Woodworth, North Dakota


text:
Bisbee, North Dakota

Bisbee is a city in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 110 at the 2020 census. Bisbee was founded in 1888.

History
The town was named after Colonel Andrew Bisbee, a native of Peru, Maine. Bisbee, a veteran of the Civil War who came to Towner County in 1885. In 1890 he was chosen by the county commissioners of Towner County to solicit drought relief and was elected to a term in the North Dakota Senate. Col. Bisbee donated a portion of the townsite of Bisbee, as well donating land for the railroads to pass through the village.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.26 sqmi, all land.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bisbee has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Culture
Bisbee was featured in the September 10, 2001 edition of Newsweek, discussing the slow, painful decline of the town since (at that time) even the mayor, Bob Weltin, was preparing to forsake what was left of the town and seek a better life elsewhere. Things Bisbee had lost over the years, according to the Newsweek article, included movies at Pettsinger's Theater, root-beer floats at Brannon's Drug and Soda Fountain, and groceries at Dick's Red Owl. At the time of the article, there wasn't a doctor, lawyer, plumber or priest in Bisbee anymore. Population had dropped more than 30 percent in a decade. At the time of the article, there were only 227 "hearty souls" hanging on for dear life in Bisbee.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 126 people, 63 households, and 31 families residing in the city. The population density was 484.6 PD/sqmi. There were 97 housing units at an average density of 373.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.0% White and 4.0% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 63 households, of which 19.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.8% were non-families. 46.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 49 years. 17.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.6% were from 25 to 44; 33.2% were from 45 to 64; and 23% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.2% male and 46.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 167 people, 82 households, and 39 families residing in the city. The population density was 624.2 PD/sqmi. There were 102 housing units at an average density of 381.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.01% White, 0.60% African American, 1.20% Native American, and 1.20% from two or more races.

There were 82 households, out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.4% were non-families. 48.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 24.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $37,188. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $12,292 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,610. About 15.4% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.0% of those 65 or over.

Education
Its school district is North Star Schools in Cando.

It was a part of the Bisbee School District until 1980, when it became part of the Bisbee-Egeland School District. In 2008 that district closed and consolidated into Cando schools.

title: Bisbee, North Dakota


text:
Cando, North Dakota

Cando is a city in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Towner County. The population was 1,117 at the 2020 census. Cando was founded in 1884.

History
Cando was founded in 1884 as the seat of the newly formed Towner County. It was named from the pioneers' "can do" spirit. The Great Northern Railway was extended to Cando in 1888.

Just west of Cando, Dunkers Colony was founded by settlers from Indiana in 1894. The settlement later changed its name to Zion, and all that is left today is a cemetery west of Cando.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.63 sqmi, all land.

Education
Its school district is North Star Schools. It was in the Cando School District until 2008, when it merged with Bisbee-Egeland School District into North Star.

Notable people

 * Dick Armey, U.S. Congressman; House Majority Leader
 * Dave Osborn, running back for the Minnesota Vikings
 * Fountain L. Thompson, U.S. Senator, lived in Cando

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cando has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Cando, North Dakota


text:
Egeland, North Dakota

Egeland is a city in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 32 at the 2020 census. Egeland was founded in 1905.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.38 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 28 people, 17 households, and 7 families residing in the city. The population density was 73.7 PD/sqmi. There were 42 housing units at an average density of 110.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.3% White and 10.7% Native American.

There were 17 households, of which 11.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 58.8% were non-families. 52.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 41.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.65 and the average family size was 2.43.

The median age in the city was 60.5 years. 10.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 0.0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 7.2% were from 25 to 44; 50% were from 45 to 64; and 32.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 57.1% male and 42.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 49 people, 21 households, and 14 families residing in the city. The population density was 125.7 PD/sqmi. There were 48 housing units at an average density of 123.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.80% White and 10.20% Native American.

There were 21 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 28.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,125, and the median income for a family was $34,375. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,217. There were no families and 11.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 33.3% of those over 64.

Education
Its school district is North Star Schools in Cando.

The first school in the community opened in 1907. It was a part of the Bisbee School District until 1980, when it became part of the Bisbee-Egeland School District. In 2002 the school in Egeland closed with students moved to Bisbee. The Towner County Historical Society took control of the Egeland School. In 2008 the Bisbee-Egeland district closed and consolidated into the Cando School District to form the North Star district.

title: Egeland, North Dakota


text:
Hansboro, North Dakota

Hansboro is a city in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 15 at the 2020 census.

History
Hansboro was founded in 1905 when the railroad was extended to that point. The city was named for Henry C. Hansbrough, a North Dakota legislator. A post office was established at Hansboro in 1905, and remained in operation until 1967.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.19 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 12 people, 8 households, and 4 families residing in the city. The population density was 63.2 PD/sqmi. There were 14 housing units at an average density of 73.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 8 households, of which 37.5% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.0% were non-families. 50.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.50 and the average family size was 2.00.

The median age in the city was 49.5 years. 0.0% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 33.3% were from 25 to 44; 49.9% were from 45 to 64; and 8.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 58.3% male and 41.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 8 people, 5 households, and 1 family residing in the city. The population density was 43.0 PD/sqmi. There were 13 housing units at an average density of 69.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 5 households, out of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, none were married couples living together, 20.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 80.0% were non-families. 80.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.60 and the average family size was 4.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 37.5% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 12.5% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 60.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 150.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $13,750, and the median income for a family was $11,250. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,850. Below the poverty line were The family and 66.7% of the people were below the poverty line, including 100.0% of those under 18 and none of those over 64.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hansboro has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Hansboro, North Dakota


text:
Maza, North Dakota

Maza is a former city in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 5 at the 2000 census. Maza was founded in 1893. Maza was incorporated as a city until 2002, when the city was dissolved and governance reverted to the surrounding Maza Township. Maza shares a zip code of 58324 with the city of Cando to the north.

History
Maza got its start when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Maza in 1893, and remained in operation until 1964. The community most likely was named for its maize.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2000 the city had a total area of 9.1 sqmi, of which 8.2 sqmi was land and 0.9 sqmi was water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5 people, 3 households, and 2 families residing in the city. The population density was 0.6 people per square mile (0.2/km$2$). There were 5 housing units at an average density of 0.6/sq mi (0.2/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 80.00% White, and 20.00% from two or more races.

There were three households, out of which two were married couples living together, and one was an individual. All five residents were aged between 45 and 64, and the median age was 52 years. There were two women and three men.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,750. The per capita income for the city was $39,000. No-one was below the poverty line.

title: Maza, North Dakota


text:
Perth, North Dakota

Perth is a city in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 6 at the 2020 census. Perth was founded in 1897. It is not to be confused with Perth, Scotland or Perth, Western Australia.

Perth had a newspaper, the Perth Journal, from 1898 to 1904.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.13 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 9 people, 5 households, and 2 families residing in the city. The population density was 69.2 PD/sqmi. There were 6 housing units at an average density of 46.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 5 households, of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, and 60.0% were non-families. 60.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.80 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 52.5 years. 11.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 11.1% were from 25 to 44; 55.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.6% male and 44.4% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 13 people, 4 households, and 2 families residing in the city. The population density was 98.6 PD/sqmi. There were 6 housing units at an average density of 45.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 4 households, out of which 2 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 2 were married couples living together, none had a female householder with no husband present, and 2 were non-families. Two of the households were made up of individuals, and 1 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 5.50.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 38.5% under the age of 18, 15.4% from 18 to 24, 15.4% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 62.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 60.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,667, and the median income for a family was $51,250. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $36,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,381. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.

title: Perth, North Dakota


text:
Rocklake, North Dakota

Rocklake is a city in Towner County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 94 at the 2020 census. The city lies a few miles south of the Canada–United States border, near the junction of U.S. Route 281 and North Dakota State Highway 5.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.22 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 94 people, 87 households, and 75 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 101 people, 63 households, and 23 families residing in the town. The population density was 459.1 PD/sqmi. There were 103 housing units at an average density of 468.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% White and 5.0% Native American.

There were 63 households, of which 11.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.7% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 63.5% were non-families. 61.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.60 and the average family size was 2.61.

The median age in the city was 52.3 years. 9.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 30.6% were from 45 to 64; and 29.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.5% male and 45.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 194 people, 89 households, and 54 families residing in the city. The population density was 897.4 PD/sqmi. There were 116 housing units at an average density of 536.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.88% White, 3.61% Native American, and 0.52% from two or more races. 24.5% were of German, 15.7% Finnish, 13.8% Swedish, 10.1% American, 8.8% Irish, 8.2% Norwegian, 5.0% English and 5.0% Scotch-Irish ancestry.

There were 89 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 3.1% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 14.4% from 45 to 64, and 29.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $19,886, and the median income for a family was $31,667. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,116. About 2.3% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

title: Rocklake, North Dakota


text:
Buxton, North Dakota

Buxton is a city in Traill County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 348 at the 2020 census. Buxton was founded in 1880.

History
Buxton was founded in 1880 in Buxton Township as a townsite along the Great Northern Railroad in 1880. The post office began operating in November of that year. It was incorporated as a village in 1922. It became a city in 1967, after the North Dakota Legislature enacted legislation that eliminated all existing incorporation titles for towns and villages in the state.

The town was named after Thomas J. Buxton, who at the time was the city treasurer in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Buxton was a close friend and business associated of the town's founder, Budd Reeve.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.334 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 348 people, 132 households, and 97 families residing in the city. The population density was 1735.0 PD/sqmi. There were 143 housing units at an average density of 713.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 0.6% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.0% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from some other races and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population. 22.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 7.8% were under 5 years of age, and 14.3% were 65 and older.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 323 people, 136 households, and 91 families residing in the city. The population density was 1615.0 PD/sqmi. There were 144 housing units at an average density of 720.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.4% White, 0.3% African American, and 0.3% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 136 households, of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.1% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 39.4 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.7% were from 45 to 64; and 13.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.4% male and 48.6% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 350 people, 133 households, and 96 families residing in the city. The population density was 1735.1 PD/sqmi. There were 141 housing units at an average density of 699.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.00% White, 0.29% Asian, 1.43% from other races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.71% of the population.

There were 133 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.0% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,694, and the median income for a family was $48,333. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $22,143 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,232. None of the families and 2.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 9.8% of those over 64.

Transportation
Amtrak’s Empire Builder, which operates between Seattle/Portland and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in Grand Forks, 25 mi to the north.

Notable people

 * Asle J. Gronna, Senator
 * Ragnvald Nestos, Governor of North Dakota 1921-1925
 * Kemper Nomland, architect
 * Mancur Olson, Economist
 * Arthur G. Sorlie, Governor of North Dakota 1925-1928

title: Buxton, North Dakota


text:
Avon (county)

Avon was a non-metropolitan and ceremonial county in the west of England that existed between 1974 and 1996. The county was named after the River Avon, which flows through the area. It was formed from the county boroughs of Bristol and Bath, together with parts of the administrative counties of Gloucestershire and Somerset.

In 1996, the county was abolished and the area split between four new unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire. The Avon name is still used for some purposes. The area had a population of approximately 1.08 million people in 2009.

Background
The port of Bristol lies close to the mouth of the River Avon which formed the historic boundary between Gloucestershire and Somerset. In 1373, a charter constituted the area as the County of the Town of Bristol, although it continued to fall within the jurisdiction of the two counties for some purposes.

The appointment of a boundaries commission in 1887 led to a campaign for the creation of a county of Greater Bristol. The commissioners, while recommending that Bristol should be "neither in the county of Gloucester nor of Somerset for any purpose whatsoever", did not extend the city's boundaries. The commission's timidity was attacked by the Bristol Mercury and Daily Post, who accused them of using the "crude method of the Procrustean bed". The newspaper went on to attack Charles Ritchie, the President of the Local Government Board, and the Conservative government: "Everyone who considered the question on its merits was convinced of the justice of the demand for a Greater Bristol, but... the interests of the Tory party were put before every other consideration and we do not think there is any endeavour to conceal the fact."

Under the Local Government Act 1888 Bristol was constituted a county borough, exercising the powers of both a county and city council. The city was extended to take in some Gloucestershire suburbs in 1898 and 1904.

The Local Government Boundary Commission appointed in 1945 recommended the creation of a "one-tier county" of Bristol based on the existing county borough, but the report was not acted upon.

The next proposals for local government reform in the area were made in 1968, when the Redcliffe-Maud Commission made its report. The commission recommended dividing England into unitary areas. One of these was a new Bristol and Bath Area which would have included a wide swathe of countryside surrounding the two cities, extending into Wiltshire and as far as Frome in Somerset. Following a change of government at the 1970 general election, a two-tier system of counties and districts was proposed instead of unitary authorities. In a white paper published in 1971, one of these counties, "Area 26" or "Bristol County", was based on the commission's Bristol and Bath area, but lacked the areas of Wiltshire. The proposals were opposed by Somerset County Council, and this led to the setting up of a "Save Our Somerset" campaign.

By the time the Local Government Bill was introduced to Parliament, the county had been named "Avon". The boundaries of the new county were cut back during the passage of Local Government Bill through Parliament. The Local Government Act 1972 received Royal Assent on 26 October 1972.

Creation
The county came into formal existence on 1 April 1974 when the Local Government Act 1972 came into effect. The new county consisted of the areas of:

 * The county boroughs of Bristol and Bath,
 * Part of the Administrative County of Gloucestershire:
 * Kingswood Urban District, Mangotsfield Urban District
 * Warmley Rural District, most of Sodbury Rural District and most of Thornbury Rural District
 * Part of the Administrative County of Somerset:
 * Municipal Borough of Weston-super-Mare
 * Clevedon Urban District, Keynsham Urban District, Norton-Radstock Urban District, Portishead Urban District,
 * Bathavon Rural District, Long Ashton Rural District, part of Axbridge Rural District and part of Clutton Rural District.

The county was divided into six districts:
 * Bristol and Bath had identical boundaries to the former county boroughs.
 * In the north, two districts were created:
 * the urban districts of Kingswood and Mangotsfield, and the rural district of Warmley formed a single District of Kingswood,
 * the rest of the areas transferred from Gloucestershire (the rural districts of mostly Sodbury and mostly Thornbury) became the District of Northavon.
 * In the south, there were two districts:
 * on the coast: Woodspring (merger of the municipal borough of Weston-super-Mare, the urban districts of Clevedon and Portishead, and the rural districts of Long Ashton and part of Axbridge),
 * and in the interior: Wansdyke (merger of the urban districts of Keynsham and Norton-Radstock, and the rural districts of Bathavon and part of Clutton).

To the north the county bordered Gloucestershire, to the east Wiltshire and to the south Somerset. In the west it had a coast on the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel.

The area of Avon was 520 square miles (1,347 km2) and its population in 1991 was 919,800. Cities and towns in Avon included (in approximate order of population) Bristol, Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Yate, Clevedon, Portishead, Midsomer Norton & Radstock, Bradley Stoke, Nailsea, Yatton, Keynsham, Kingswood, Thornbury, Filton and Patchway.

The coat of arms created for the county featured six blue and white waves representing the river Avon and parts of the coats of arms of the incorporated areas. The shield featured a dragon from the arms of Somerset divided into gold and red by a chevron from the arms of Gloucestershire.

The crest combined the unicorn of Bristol with the sword of St. Paul (one of the patron saints of Bath Abbey) and the crown of King Edgar, who was crowned King of England by St. Dunstan in Bath Abbey.

The sea-stags were created for Avon to represent the historic importance of the Avon ports and the Royal Forest which covered a large part of the County. As a heraldic badge, a sea-stag continued to be used by some organisations in the geographical area.

Demise
Avon was one of the counties in the "first tranche" of reviews conducted by the Banham Commission in the 1990s. The Commission recommended that it and its districts be abolished and replaced with four unitary authorities. The Avon (Structural Change) Order 1995 was debated in the House of Commons on 22 February 1995. The Order came into effect on 1 April 1996. The four authorities that replaced Avon are:

 * 1) The City and County of Bristol
 * 2) South Gloucestershire – formed from the Kingswood and Northavon districts.
 * 3) North Somerset – formed from the Woodspring district.
 * 4) Bath and North East Somerset – formed from the Bath and Wansdyke districts.

For ceremonial purposes, the post of Lord Lieutenant of Avon was abolished and Bristol regained its own Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff, while the other authorities were returned to their traditional counties. Suggestions to alter Bristol's boundaries (either by drawing new boundaries or by merely incorporating the mostly urbanised borough of Kingswood into it) were rejected.

Legacy
The demise of the County of Avon was the focus of a BBC documentary called The End of Avon, produced by Linda Orr and Michael Lund and broadcast in 1996. In 2006, the BBC Somerset presenter Adam Thomas, in a BBC One regional programme Inside Out West, investigated why Avon refuses to die. Systems inertia means that the county continues to be included in the databases of large corporations as part of addresses in the area. Some private organisations such as the Avon Wildlife Trust choose to retain their name. The Royal Mail indicated that it is not necessary to include Avon (or any other postal county) as part of any address as it had abandoned their use in 1996. Some public bodies still cover the area of the former county of Avon: for example, Avon Fire and Rescue Service, the Avon Coroner's District, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, the West of England Strategic Partnership, Intelligence West, and until 2006 the Avon Ambulance Service, when it merged with the Gloucestershire and Wiltshire ambulance services to form the Great Western Ambulance Service, which subsequently merged with South Western Ambulance Service. The former county and its southern neighbour form the area covered by Avon and Somerset Constabulary (governed by the Avon and Somerset Police and Crime Commissioner). Though there is no longer a single council, the four unitary authorities still co-operate on many aspects of policy, such as the Joint Local Transport Plan. Currently, the term "West of England" is used by some organisations to refer to the former Avon area, such as the West of England Local Enterprise Partnership. Avon continued to be used unofficially in boundary reviews for parliamentary constituencies.

The term CUBA, the "County (or Councils) that Used to Be Avon", was coined to refer to the Avon area after abolition of the county. The term Severnside is sometimes used as a substitute for "Avon", although the term can also be used to refer to the stretch of shoreline from Avonmouth north to Aust, or from Newport to Chepstow. "Greater Bristol" is also used.

The Forest of Avon is a community forest covering part of the area of the four local authorities. Other relics of Avon's existence include the Avon Cycleway (first designed and promoted by Cyclebag), an 85-mile (137 km) circular route on quiet roads and cycle paths, which was a precursor of the National Cycle Network. Also, Avon County Council helped fund Sustrans' first cycleway, the Bristol and Bath Railway Path. The Avon Green Belt has continued in place as a jointly agreed policy in the development plans of the successor local authorities. In 2016 the government proposed that the four local authorities that replaced Avon come together in a West of England Combined Authority with a "metro mayor" who would oversee a new combined authority, to create a "Western Powerhouse" analogous to the government's Northern Powerhouse concept. North Somerset council rejected the proposal but the other three authorities accepted the deal; the combined authority was subsequently established in 2017, with the inaugural mayoral election taking place in the May of that year.

As of 2024, a multi-operator unlimited travel daily or weekly bus ticket called AvonRider covering the former county area was still available, supported by local councils.

title: Avon (county)


text:
Clifford, North Dakota

Clifford is a city in Traill County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 30 at the 2020 census. Clifford was founded in 1883.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.14 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 44 people, 21 households, and 10 families residing in the city. The population density was 314.3 PD/sqmi. There were 23 housing units at an average density of 164.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 21 households, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, and 52.4% were non-families. 47.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 28.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 3.10.

The median age in the city was 47 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.4% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 27.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 51 people, 21 households and 12 families residing in the city. The population density was 366.9 PD/sqmi. There were 26 housing units at an average density of 187.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 21 households, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, and 38.1% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.08.

Age distribution was 23.5% under the age of 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 35.3% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 155.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 178.6 males.

The median household income was $43,750, and the median family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,932. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

title: Clifford, North Dakota


text:
Galesburg, North Dakota

Galesburg is a city in Traill County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 118 at the 2020 census. Galesburg was founded in 1882.

Galesburg is the home to the world's fifth tallest currently standing structure, the KRDK-TV mast, which stands at 2,060 ft tall.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.17 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 108 people, 56 households, and 29 families residing in the city. The population density was 635.3 PD/sqmi. There were 64 housing units at an average density of 376.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White and 1.9% Native American.

There were 56 households, of which 10.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.2% were non-families. 42.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.62.

The median age in the city was 49.3 years. 13% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.6% were from 25 to 44; 37.1% were from 45 to 64; and 25.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 59.3% male and 40.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 157 people, 66 households, and 44 families residing in the city. The population density was 937.8 PD/sqmi. There were 76 housing units at an average density of 454.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.45% White and 2.55% Native American.

There were 66 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 14.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $27,679 versus $20,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,507. About 14.6% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.1% of those 65 or over.

title: Galesburg, North Dakota


text:
Hatton, North Dakota

Hatton is a city in Traill County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 712 at the 2020 census. Hatton was founded in 1882, and was named for Frank Hatton, then Assistant Postmaster General.

Hatton is the birthplace of 20th century Arctic explorer and pilot Carl Ben Eielson.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.61 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 777 people, 343 households, and 202 families residing in the city. The population density was 1273.8 PD/sqmi. There were 394 housing units at an average density of 645.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.6% White, 0.4% Native American, 0.1% Asian, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 343 households, of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.1% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 45.3 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.5% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 23.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 707 people, 289 households, and 186 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,184.2 PD/sqmi. There were 331 housing units at an average density of 554.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.18% White, 0.99% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 1.56% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.11% of the population.

There were 289 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 27.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,031, and the median income for a family was $38,250. Males had a median income of $29,554 versus $20,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,131. About 12.2% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Kermit Edward Bye, federal judge on the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
 * Carl Ben Eielson, pioneer aviator, first person to cross the Arctic in an airplane (1928)
 * Aagot Raaen, educator and author

title: Hatton, North Dakota


text:
Hillsboro, North Dakota

Hillsboro is a small city in Traill County, North Dakota. It is the county seat of Traill County. The population was 1,649 at the 2020 census. Hillsboro was founded in 1881.

Hillsboro sits in the fertile Red River Valley. Local agriculture has dominated the area's economy from the beginning. With its location on Interstate 29, halfway between the two metropolitan centers of Greater Grand Forks and Fargo–Moorhead, Hillsboro has seen steady population growth in recent years and has become somewhat of a bedroom community.

History
The area along the Goose River that is now Hillsboro was first settled by German and Norwegian settlers around 1870. In 1880, the present day site of Hillsboro was founded under the name "Comstock". Local folklore tells of the residents of nearby Caledonia, North Dakota turning away a shabby surveyor because of his appearance. This man was then offered hospitality by residents in the tiny settlement of Comstock. The man turned out to be railroad baron James J. Hill.

Hill was so impressed by the kindness showed to him by the residents of this small community that he decided to place his Great Northern Railway there instead of in Caledonia. The name of Comstock was platted as "Hill City" in September 1880 in honor of Mr. Hill. The city was then renamed "Hillsboro" in 1883 after it was discovered that there was already a "Hill City" elsewhere in Dakota Territory, now a part of South Dakota.

The routing of the railroad through Hillsboro gave the young city the motivation to attempt to have the county seat moved there from Caledonia, which had been the seat of Traill County since its organization in 1875. The ensuing contest grew bitter and heated, with Caledonians arming themselves, posting guards in the town, and organizing a committee for defense. Hillsboro residents took to calling the defense committee Tigers of the Jungle and Irreconcilables.

Caledonia went as far as to bring in a professional campaign speaker, Col. W. C. Plummer, to campaign on behalf of the town. His speeches were well-attended but, despite these efforts, Caledonia lost the county seat to Hillsboro in a 1,291 to 218 vote. The Traill County Courthouse was built in Hillsboro in 1905.

In 2006, Hillsboro celebrated its 125th birthday.

Geography
Hillsboro sits on the banks of the Goose River in eastern North Dakota. Located in the center of the fertile Red River Valley, the area around Hillsboro is prime agricultural land and very flat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.09 sqmi, all land.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hillsboro has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,603 people, 687 households, and 418 families residing in the city. The population density was 1470.6 PD/sqmi. There were 763 housing units at an average density of 700.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.9% White, 0.1% African American, 1.5% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 3.0% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.5% of the population.

There were 687 households, of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.2% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the city was 40.5 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,563 people, 679 households, and 414 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,460.6 PD/sqmi. There were 727 housing units at an average density of 679.4/sq mi (262.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.82% White, 0.19% African American, 2.05% Native American, 2.11% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.93% of the population.

There were 679 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,516, and the median income for a family was $42,357. Males had a median income of $30,607 versus $19,769 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,976. About 6.6% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 15.0% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The economy of Hillsboro, like so many other small, rural towns in North Dakota, is heavily dependent on agriculture. When local farmers have a bad harvest, the Hillsboro economy can also suffer. In turn, when the harvest is good, Hillsboro usually prospers. One of the more obvious effects the agricultural community has had on Hillsboro is found at the American Crystal Sugar sugar beet plant directly north of town. The large plant, located on U.S. Highway 81, has been responsible for both an increase in population and a steady stream of available jobs during the last few decades that it has been open. In addition, the local agriculture-based factories of Degelman Industries and Total Ag Industries has spurred a recent demand for a local workforce.

In recent years, Hillsboro has become a bedroom community for the Greater Grand Forks and Fargo-Moorhead metropolitan areas. This has led to an increase in both population and home construction. The local business community has also been growing with the recent addition of new businesses including 3R Floral, Sundae Brew, and Goose River Brewing. Although not the once bustling downtown area (centered at the intersection of Caledonia Avenue and Main Street) it once was, Hillsboro's downtown has become a new area of development.

Economic development
Local organizations, including the Hillsboro Economic Development Corporation and the Traill County Economic Development Commission work help with the economic development in the area. A portion of local sales tax revenues is set aside to bolster business development. New businesses and entrepreneurs can request grants or low-interest loans to help promote development in the city.

Education
The Hillsboro Public Schools system provides residents with an elementary school and a high school.

The high school offers Advanced Placement classes either as Online Classes, dual credit classes in school, or through Lake Region State College, depending on the class. These classes are worth college credit at most in-state colleges and universities.

In 2003, 40% of students met or exceeded grade-level standards in Math, and 76% of students met or exceeded grade-level standards in English, above-average when compared to the state average of 39% and 61%, respectively.

In 2012, Hillsboro joined a cooperative agreement in all sports with Central Valley School in rural Buxton. The schools remain separate for fine arts competitions.

High school championships

 * State Class 'B' boys basketball: 1973, 1974, 1977, 1981, 2017, 2018
 * State Class 'B' girls basketball: 1984
 * State Class 'B' volleyball: 2000, 2006
 * State Class 'B' boys baseball: 1967, 1968
 * State Class 'B' girls gymnastics: 1977, 1981
 * State 9-man football: 2008
 * State 11-man 'A' football: 2017
 * State 11-man '2A' football: 2019
 * State Class 'B' Girls Cross Country: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

Recreation
The city of Hillsboro operates a large park on the north side of town. Woodland City Park sits on the banks of the Goose River. It offers a public swimming pool and scenic views of a dam on the river. For many years, there was also a group of deer living in a penned in area of the park, though they no longer reside there. The Goose River Golf Club sits directly north of town. Hillsboro also has railroad park alongside its Main Street to the East, containing a historic railroad caboose and a statute of the local high school mascot, the burro. Railroad Park has become an area of focused improvement by the City Commission, with projects planned to revitalize this green space.

Media
The local paper is the weekly Hillsboro Banner. The Banner has been published continuously since 1879, making it the oldest weekly newspaper in the state of North Dakota. Hillsboro has no radio stations of its own. Nearby stations include KMAV 105.5 FM and KMSR 1520 AM in nearby Mayville and KRJB 106.5 FM in Ada, Minnesota. Residents have access to radio stations and network affiliates from both Grand Forks and Fargo–Moorhead.

Sites of interest

 * The Amos and Lillie Plummer House, a historic 1897 mansion that has been converted to a museum and restored to its turn of the century elegance
 * Traill County Courthouse, a historic building near the center of the town, with a large dome on top, with paintings on the interior. There is a bust of Abraham Lincoln located nearby
 * Pioneer Museum, museum complex featuring:
 * Centennial Building, military, school, and pioneer collections
 * Pioneer Building, agriculture collection
 * St. Olaf Chapel, church that resembles small, rural Churches that typify the Red River Valley
 * Log Cabin, a log cabin built on the banks of the Red River of the North in the 1870s

Transportation
Residents of Hillsboro have easy access to major population centers via Interstate 29. The Interstate runs on the western edge of the community and there is an interchange (Caledonia Avenue) that connects the Interstate to Hillsboro. U.S. Highway 81 runs through the community and also connects Hillsboro to Grand Forks and Fargo.

Like so many towns in the American Midwest, Hillsboro's streets are aligned in the grid pattern. In Hillsboro, routes that run north to south are called streets and routes that run east to west are called avenues.

The BNSF Railway, eventual successor to the Great Northern, continues to maintain tracks in Hillsboro that see a variety of freight trains every day as well as Amtrak's Empire Builder, which passes through without stopping in the early morning hours. The nearest stations are located in Grand Forks, 40 mi to the north, and Fargo, 42 mi to the south.

The Hillsboro Municipal Airport is a small airport south of town with a landing strip which provides an area for crop dusters or small private airplanes to stop. However, residents have to travel either to Grand Forks or Fargo in order to take regularly scheduled flights to major airports.

Notable people

 * John H. Carkin, Oregon lawyer and politician
 * Randy Lemm, member of the North Dakota Senate
 * Elmore Y. Sarles, 9th governor of North Dakota

title: Hillsboro, North Dakota