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Talk:Carbon/Archive 2

atomic weight of carbon
is the atomic weight correct? according to IUPAC is should be [12.0096; 12.0116] http://iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2011/pdf/8302x0359.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.22.239.98 (talk) 21:57, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk!
"thermodinamicaly" is a typo. Can somebody please fix it? 64.139.4.126 20:34, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

"In German and Dutch, the names for carbon are Kohlenstoff and koolstof respectively, both literally meaning "coal-stuff"."

For the dutch it is a wrong translation. "Stof" rather means (solid) substance than stuff. like a liquid is being called: "Vloeistof", a 'flowing substance'.

Why isn't lampblack/soot/charcoal counted as an allotropic form of carbon? It is a form that is not diamond, graphite or a fullerene. Of course, it isn't crystalline, but that's not a requirement of being an allotrope.

--user:jaknouse

Aren't they just graphite with impurities? -- Tarquin 11:04 Jan 22, 2003 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's just a mixture of several different allotropes.- (User) WolfKeeper (Talk) 06:00, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Does anyone know if carbon nanotubes are considered an allotrope or if they are just a subset of buckyballs? Iammaxus 03:34, 23 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * All fullerenes. --mav
 * All allotropes, by definition.- (User) WolfKeeper (Talk) 06:00, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

The Carbon Cycle
Carbon - in the form of differnet kinds of carbon-containing molecules - moves through an endless cycle. These are the stages of the carbon cycle. It begins when plants and algae remove carbon from the environment during photosynthesis. This carbon returns to the atmosphere via several carbon-cycle pathways.

A) Air contains carbon in the form of carbon dioxide gas. Plants and algae use carbon dioxide to make sugars, which are energy-rich, carbon-containing compounds.

B) Organisms break down sugar molecules me by plants and algae to obtain energy for life and growth. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste.

C) Burning fossil fuels and wood releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

D) When organisms die, their carbon-containing molecules become part of the soil. The molecules are broken down by fungi, bacteria, and other decomposers. During this decay process, carbon dioxide is released into the air.

E) Under certain conditions, the remains of some dead organisms may gradually be changed into fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. These carbon compounds are energy rich.

Graphene
Perhaps this should mention graphene (a single layer of carbon atoms) or reference the graphene page 211.30.190.160 10:35, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Melting and boiling points?
The article currently claims that carbon sublimes instead of melting and also gives melting and boiling points. Clearly some information is missing. --Andrew 03:58, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Missing... right now I'm having too much of it. I'm not an expert, but I've done a search for a phase diagram and adapted one for the article from a source that appears to know what they're talking about—particularly because it mostly contains ranges and estimates, not concrete numbers. Those seem to be a little more tricky:

The CRC handbook 84th ed. gives: And in the elements section: According to Amazon.com's search inside this book, the "4492°C at a pressure of 101.325 kPa" also is in the 85th ed. According to, the CRC 78th ed. apparently gave here: Lange's handbook, 15th ed. gives:
 * For graphite a sublimation point of 3825 °C.
 * For diamond a melting point of 4440 °C at 12.4 GPa.
 * For graphite a triple point at 4489 °C and 10.3 MPa.
 * For carbon a graphite-liquid-gas triple point of "4492°C at a pressure of 101.325 kPa" ?!, and it sublimes at 3642 °C.
 * For carbon a melting point of ~3550 °C.
 * Graphite sublimes at 3825 °C;
 * A graphite-liquid-gas triple point at 4492 °C and 10.3 MPa
 * A graphite-diamond-liquid triple point at (3830-3930) °C and 12-13 GPa
 * For diamond a boiling point of 3930 °C.
 * For diamond a melting point of 3500 °C at 63.5 atm.
 * And graphite sublimates at (3915–4020) °C.

Huh.

I've put melting point="triple point, ca. 10 MPa<br />and (4300–4700) K" (from the diagram source), and boiling point="subl. about 4000 K" into the article, until somebody finds better data. Femto 12:28, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Wow. --Andrew 22:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

This is a disaster. The melting point and boiling points should be removed from the elements box. This information should be included as a separate paragraph in the entry, or as a separate entry into the mp and bp of carbon. What is in the element box is essentially useless with out the information above. I had edited it and then came to say something here and then decided to let someone else deal with it. Vargob 17:47, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree this is a mess. As it is now, it makes it seem like the melting point is a higher temperature than its boiling point. This makes no sense at all. --Rkelly74 02:16, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Big lumps of graphite
THe article doent seem to say where the big blocks of graphite (used in nuclear reactors) come from. Are they synthesised, or dug out of the ground?--Light current 10:44, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
 * They are always synthesized or purified to some degree and recompressed, since natural graphite always has too much boron and other impurities to be a good moderator. This was a key insight of Szilard which made the Chicago first atomic reactor possible. The Germans never did realize it during the war. S  B Harris 01:45, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

History of Carbon is wrong.
According to http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0510489103v1, and http://www-phys.llnl.gov/pdf/1031204.pdf. Don't get me wrong I beleave the charcoal part should be left in. "Elemental carbon has been known since prehistory, and diamond is thought to have been first mined in India 2,000 years ago, although recent archaeological discoveries point at the possible existence of utensils made of diamond in China as early as 4,000 before Christ." - Hamster2.0 04:48, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with this. Carbon does come in the forms of diamond, graphite and charcoal. I don't have any sources to back this up, but this is true. Charcoal is usually counted as not a form, but it is. Just one that is never overlooked. ☺ E fansayT/C☺ 06:49, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Boiling and Melting point are wrong
Someone put (?) question marks around it, it´s better to have nothing at all than erroneous facts.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.54.36.239 (talk) 06:57, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Finally, hopefully resolved after nearly 2 years of standstill with wrong data. :-( Unbelievable why noone else did this. Regards, Achim1999 (talk) 12:49, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Carbon
The Carbon article has been nominated for the Article Collaboration and Improvement Drive. Nergaal (talk) 20:25, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

I found melting points Carbon =(diamond) C 3550 Carbon =(graphite) C 3675 Carbon =(amorphous) C 3675 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.92.202.105 (talk) 23:42, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

 * any reference? Nergaal (talk) 00:36, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Abundance of carbon mineral
The following statement is provided unreferenced and I could find nothing to confirm it.
 * Coal is the main source of carbon in mineral form, containing up to 86% of carbon in anthracite.

I'm not sure the statement is correct. I believe there are more abundant carbonates in the Earth's crust, for example, which is the second most abundate mineral group after the silicates—especially calcite and dolomite. (Although anthracite is probably one of the most carbon-rich minerals.) This change was added March 28, 2007 by User:Freecat. — RJH (talk) 20:59, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * While carbonates contain carbon, they are probably not the main [practical] sources of [elemental] carbon. As an analogy, think of the statement "air is the main source of [elemental] oxygen", which is true, despite the fact that most oxygen on earth is bound on minerals or water. --Itub (talk) 13:27, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

The "practical" source of CO2 gas and dry ice is not the air directly, but the fermentation of sugar to make alcohol. One might also reflect on the fact that the lime that goes into portland cement is produced by driving CO2 from limestone back into the atmosphere (from whence it once came) using the combustion of fossil fuels as energy source - resulting in a very high carbon footprint, if practicality is the issue herePlantsurfer (talk) 14:45, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought we were talking about carbon, not carbon dioxide. --Itub (talk) 17:05, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

reference for infobox
I found this great website and I wanted to reference stuff in the infobox. Unfortunatelly I screw up entries.Can someone else do it instead? Thanks! Nergaal (talk) 22:54, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Abundance of carbon in Earth's crust
I removed the sentence regarding carbon as the sixth most abundant element in the earth's crust because it had a "citation needed" note and upon googling it doesn't even show up in the top 10 most abundant elements (by weight). --Wizard191 (talk) 04:36, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

South Korea production
There's a wrong sentence about natural graphite. In South Korea, most (more than 99%) of graphite is imported. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.150.114.124 (talk) 02:25, 18 April 2008 (UTC)
 * According to this USGS report, North Korea was the 4th largest producer of graphite in the world, after China, India, and Brazil. I'll change the article to reflect this. Cheers Geologyguy (talk) 02:47, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Semi-protect the page?
this article recieves a large amount of vandalizations from unregistered users. It might be a good idea to semi-protect it.Nergaal (talk) 01:55, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Diamond decay
I've heard various sources say that diamonds decay into graphite at standard conditions, and others say that they don't. Can anyone find a source that gives the actual rate of decay? Presumably it can be calculated by knowing the activation energy and assuming a probability distribution for heat energy available to individual atoms. -- Beland (talk) 19:09, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It depends on the value of the activation energy. I don't think it is known accurately, but I've seen some estimates in the range of 70-100 kcal/mol. That is huge. At room temperature, it corresponds to a half-life that is orders of magnitude longer than the age of the universe. At 1000 degrees you might have a reasonable rate. --Itub (talk) 06:01, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Broken Reference
I removed a broken reference named "hershey" from the article. Possibly the ref was broken due to vandalism but as far as I could tell it was never working in the first place. --Megaboz (talk) 18:25, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Conflicting abundance numbers
There are several conflicting numbers in the abundance section about hydrocarbons. At first it talks about reserves of 900GT, then, in the next paragraph, it talks about 4000GT of carbon suitable as fuel. And the the little floating box at the side talks about 13.2 x 10^6 GT of Carbon in the form organic compounds in the upper crust. This is totally confusing and needs to be corrected, explained better, or removed. --Dio1982 (talk) 15:16, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

Melting Point/Boiling point
I have been doing some research and found that 3652degC is the melting point of Carbon and that 4827degC is the boiling point. I don't see these figures mentioned anywhere in the article so I'm wondering whether they are accurate or not. The same website stated that graphite had a melting point of 3500degC so this could also be mentioned if it is correct. I have listed my reference here:  Bonzostar (talk) 17:56, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Where the hell have the melting point and boiling point went!!!
 * Dannyboy1209 (talk) 15:34, 22 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Gone to hell no doubt... Please see the discussion above entitled "Melting and boiling points?" Vsmith (talk) 16:04, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

General comment about elemental photos
I'm wondering out loud why many of the photos of samples of major elements in the infoboxes seem to be grainy, badly lit, low resolution images that don't really give much of an idea of what it really looks like close up. Is anyone with access to elemental samples able to take some better photos? (Apologies to user RTC who at least has taken the trouble to upload the current ones). --CharlesC (talk) 23:56, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I have a set o' elements and took a photo of one for the yttrium article. But I'd like to wait until I get a new camera or at least a much better macro lens before I start up a production line; just to make sure I get better resolution and don't have to GIMP the image as much. --mav (talk) 23:39, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Standard Atomic Weight is wrong
The standard atomic weight shown is wrong: should be 12.01 approximately. 6 is the element number not the standard atomic weight. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arthur Merlin (talk • contribs) 00:21, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

 * It's actually 12.0107, but I think I'm nitpicking here. --116.14.27.127 (talk) 08:46, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

The density of Carbon is incorrect.
The density of Carbon, at 0°C and 1atm, is stated incorrectly to be 2.267 g/L (that density is extremely low, meaning diamonds would float on water for example).

At 0°C and 1 atm, pure Carbon can exist in three forms:

1) Graphite, specific gravity: 2.26

2) Diamond, specific gravity: 3.51

3) Amorphous, bulk density: 1.8-2.1 g/cm³

From the Chemical Rubber Company Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, Inc, 1979.

Harting (talk) 11:20, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Correct, so why not modify the article accordingly. Plantsurfer (talk) 17:51, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Sadly the article is semi-protected and I have not been around long enough to be allowed to edit it. Harting (talk) 16:31, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The data is actually housed at infobox carbon, which is not protected from editing. I made the suggested changes there.  Please check me, to be sure that it is correct now.  ChemNerd (talk) 19:58, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * OK, but the value for diamond was wrong, and I have edited it to list the allotropes in ascending order of their density. Plantsurfer (talk) 20:30, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I've changed the density of graphite to the exact reported in the source book. It's quite old, but then densities of compounds don't exactly change. Harting (talk) 14:31, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Specifying a density for amorphous carbon is very misleading. Depending on the sp2:sp3 fraction it can vary greatly. Diamondlike amorphous carbon can be grown by ion beam deposition with densities reaching 3g/cm³. Specifying a range would thus be more appropriate. --Dschwen 15:42, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You are right. It is usually quoted as a range. The lowest number I've ever come across is 1.8. So a range of 1.8 to 3 seems to be at least achievable. As it isn't a physical constant, maybe it should be omitted from the info box.Harting (talk) 12:53, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

 * For the time being I've changed the number to the range that is quoted in the source text. If someone has a reference to a more modern up-date reference then I'd gladly change it again. Harting (talk) 13:13, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Life on Earth
The article states:

 * Carbon compounds form the basis of all life on Earth...

Huh? According to Wikipedia's article, we don't even have a good definition of life! Even if we did, it's not entirely clear (at least from what I've read) that we know about all life on Earth. Brian Jason Drake 13:09, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I shall reply to that on User_talk:Brianjd where it belongs.NIMSoffice (talk) 23:20, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Though I disagree that it belongs there, I have responded there. Brian Jason Drake 02:14, 30 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I must agree, per WP:TALK, such a discussion is perfectly appropriate here. User talk is for one-on-one discussions.  This however, is a discussion about the article, which belongs here so others can view it and participate in the discussion.
 * The claim of carbon forming the basis for all life on Earth should be properly sourced. We could also soften the claim by saying "all known life", just in case there are any silicon based lifeforms hiding somewhere we haven't found. But I wouldn't call the claim dubious in it's current form.  While there are things we are not sure about, we do not have reasonable doubt regarding the claim. -Verdatum (talk) 17:04, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

I softened the statement in the article (it is minor, and can even be deleted). IMHO the discussion belongs to the articles on life, not on carbon. NIMSoffice (talk) 00:02, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Shouldn't Carbon also be in Category:Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements ? Eldin raigmore (talk) 18:16, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Eldin, please be bold. If you feel it should be in that category, why not insert it yourself? Double sharp (talk) 08:49, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Abundance of Carbon
"Carbon is one of the least abundant elements in the Earth's crust, but the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen."

According to the linked table, Carbon is the 15th most abundant element among the 82 stable or semi-stable in the earth's crust, not one of the least abundant. Indeed, it ranks above sulfur and chlorine, which are pretty abundant.--Syd Henderson (talk) 05:31, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Fixed that. Materialscientist (talk) 01:12, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

Characteristics/Extremes
The first section ends with “The system of carbon allotropes spans a range of extremes:” followed by a table comparing diamond and graphite. One of the entries is “Diamond crystallizes in the cubic system. Graphite crystallizes in the hexagonal system.” I agree that's a difference, but I don't see how it's “two extremes”. bogdanb (talk) 18:22, 20 January 2010 (UTC)
 * "Extremes" here refers to other properties, certainly not to the crystal symmetry, and is simply an emphatic word, which can be replaced. Materialscientist (talk) 22:49, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

ancient charcoal
surely carbon in the form of charcoal was known before the time of the Romans?(history section)195.188.41.154 (talk) 11:16, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Timeline of chemical elements discoveries says around 3700 BC "Earliest known use of charcoal for the reduction of copper, zinc and tin ores in the manufacture of bronze, by the Egyptians and Sumerians." Charcoal can exist in nature and could be used by the earliest human civilizations if discovered. It seems charcoal wasn't made until around Roman times(earliest known manufacture). JTTyler (talk) 07:52, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Carbon Used in Steel
I believe that this article deserves a small section on the use of carbon is production of steel; the identification of carbon and its use in steel was a major industrial and scientific achievement. For example, samurai swords were produced by carbon refined from river sediments. This and other examples of carbon refinement and application lead to a metal that we now use in, "buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships,automobiles, machines, appliances, and weapons." (See Steel) This discovery of carbon for steel could even be considered more significant than the demonstration of steel production by René de Réaumur in 1722, especially because earlier steel use has occurred during the 4th century BC (while steelwork itself dates back nearly four thousand years ago). (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel#History_of_steelmaking)

If these discoveries are insignificant or irrelevant, I believe that a link at least should be provided in the History section of the article for Carbon.

Adam zappul (talk) 05:31, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Carbon - largest number of compounds
The article states that carbon produces more compounds than any other element and cites the millions of organic compounds in evidence. But every organic compound also contains hydrogen So the "accolade" for most compounds must surely be whichever of hydrogen and carbon produces the most inorganic compounds without the other being present. Are there more hydrides and inorganic acids than there are carbides and carbonates? I don't know the answer!

Should it be deemed that Carbon does indeed have more compounds than hydrogen then the evidence cited needs to be changed to reflect this. Eccleshill (talk) 08:39, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Hydrogen is not the basic structural element of hydrogen-containing compounds. Materialscientist (talk) 08:52, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

That is not the issue - the issue is the number of compounds that are formed not the function of the element in those compounds. Eccleshill (talk) 09:12, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * It is the issue - hydrogen does not form those compounds, it is part of these compounds. Materialscientist (talk) 09:16, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

Perhaps we are at the level of linguistic semantics! A compound must by definition contain more than 1 element; carbon cannot form "compounds" alone; it forms compounds with hydrogen; hydrogen forms compounds with carbon. The compounds are formed from carbon and hydrogen therefore surely they form compounds in equal number. Eccleshill (talk) 09:38, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

In Our Time
Rich Farmbrough, 03:01, 16 September 2010 (UTC).

Incremental Alpha particle mass value calculations
If a regression analysis of incremental alpha particle mass increases to the atomic structure is carried out and then used to estimate the fit of the reported AMU mass values to the best fit line, the reported value of 12.0000 for EE6C12 is noted to fall bellow the best fit line (third order) by more than the EE8O16 value. Could this indicate a bias such that the estimated AMU values of the heavier elements is overestimated?WFPM (talk) 15:41, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

Small glitch
Something has gone wrong here:

 * "In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite, which had been thought of as a form of lead, was instead a type of carbon. In 1786, the French scientists Claude Louis Berthollet, Gaspard Monge and C. A. Vandermonde then showed that this substance was carbon." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.177.106.149 (talk) 01:52, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes. The latter group of chemists burned graphite in oxygen and found that it was MOSTLY the oxide of a new element that they called "carbon" (Scheele had done the same by oxidizing graphite to CO2 in nitric acid, but he called CO2 aereal acid and was still working in the phlogiston theory so did not really regard it as an oxide of anything primary). Both groups found some residual iron, but the Frenchmen thought there was enough to think graphite a carbon-iron compound. Scheele did not make that mistake. Lavoisier had found diamond to contain nothing that didn't produce CO2, so he accepted "carbon" as the name of the element being oxidized when burned in oxygen. S  B Harris 03:56, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

Application
More applications should be listed...such as the use of carbon filament for light historically.Smallman12q (talk) 20:39, 27 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Also...there's also no article for a astatine carbon bond...which is the subject of some research.Smallman12q (talk) 23:53, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

carbon platinum only academic
maybe I misread the very nice periodic table, but I saw Carbon platinum as of academic interest only. I may be wrong, but arent compounds like cisplatin of importance, and don't they have carbon pt bonds ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.236.121.54 (talk) 14:22, 28 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Cisplatin is an important compound, but it doesn't contain any carbon atoms, much less C–Pt bonds. Double sharp (talk) 03:14, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Liquid
Is it possible to create liquid carbon? 174.20.186.136 (talk) 01:19, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't see why not. You just need the right temperature and pressure. Lanthanum-138 (talk) 08:59, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

History in the infobox
I'm working on entering the discovery details into the infoboxes of all the elements. I was planning on entering the following: Discovery: Antoine Lavoisier (1789) Earliest known use: Egyptians & Sumarians (3750 BC) Is the meaning understood here? That it was 'discovered' when it was recorded as an element? Or does it look paradoxical to have the earliest known use before it was 'discovered?Nozzleberry (talk) 21:49, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

Diamond Production Map Flawed
The modifications that are made to the map of global diamond production, have made the Russian production (which is the biggest in the world) invisible!

Must be reverted to the previous version of the map — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.183.113.247 (talk) 19:31, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Reverted, thanks. Materialscientist (talk) 22:35, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 6 November 2012
IMPRECISION:...diamond has the highest thermal conductivity of all known materials.

►...diamond, carbon nanotube and graphene have the highest thermal conductivity of all known materials.

84.221.87.54 (talk) 00:22, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Changed, thanks. Materialscientist (talk) 00:32, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 26 November 2012
I am a Phd student in chemistry and would like to make minor changes to this article as well as others on the subject, I intend to document all changes with peer-reviewed, edited references and am happy to defend why I feel these changes would be necessary.

Spire music (talk) 23:20, 26 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but you need to suggest a specific edit. See your talk page. Vsmith (talk) 23:58, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 2 April 2013
Under precautions section.

Grammar error in: "carbon nanoparticles are a deadly toxins to"

Remove the "s" at the end of "toxins" or remove the "a" in front of "deadly".

Idenshi (talk) 16:18, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done (more or less). I also split up the run-on sentence and changed "toxins" to "toxic", since the construction "toxins to" seemed awkward. Rivertorch (talk) 16:57, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 January 2014
The article does not throw enough light on extra terrestrial occurrence of carbon. What I want to focus on is that carbon-rich asteroids are relatively preponderant in the outer parts of the asteroid belt in our solar system. Please add this information to this page. Sometimes, meteorites originating from that part of our solar system may have high amount of carbon. This information can help us to understand the presence of carbon in planets like Mars and Venus, which are nearer to the asteroid belt. However, carbonaceous asteroids have yet not been sampled directly by scientists. These asteroids can help in space-based carbon mining; however this seems to be only a scientific but fictitious possiblity with our present day technical know-how. For details, refer to Charles R. Nichols's article at http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/onlinebks/ResourcesNearEarthSpace/resources21.pdf

Arghyan Opinions (talk) 07:13, 28 January 2014 (UTC) Arghya Ray
 * Yes check.svg Done at bottom of "Occurrence" Dmelc9 (talk) 18:33, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 March 2014
Please change '6.155 (diamond)\n8.517 (graphite) J·mol−1·K−1' in Molar Capacity with 'Diamond: 6.155 J·mol−1·K−1\nGraphite: 8.517 J·mol−1·K−1', because current formatting is not correct.

Lubomir Kucera (talk) 17:22, 1 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. It's been that way for well over two years now and I do not see any requests to change it before this.  Please either show where in the MOS the formating is defined that current usage is incorrect.  Thanks. — {{U|Technical 13}} (t • e • c) 17:39, 1 March 2014 (UTC)

Greek name origin
I have a very small point which I think should still be changed: the Greek word γραφω means "I write". "to write" like the article says would be "γραφειν". I don't care which form we choose but the English translation should match the Greek.Sbreheny (talk) 17:25, 10 April 2014 (UTC)

 * User talk:Kwamikagami says that you are right, but he didn't select one, so go ahead and choose the form you think makes the most sense. CorinneSD (talk) 19:38, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

Merge from carbonaceous
I propose converting carbonaceous into a disambiguation page, listing what is currently in its See also section (i.e. this). "Carbonaceous" doesn't seem to me like an important or prominent term, and the article is completely unreferenced. Adabow (talk) 03:26, 25 June 2014 (UTC)
 * OPPOSE MERGE There are many odd uses of "carbonaceous" in geology and cosmochemistry. They would clutter the carbon article if we stuck them in here, and deserve their own article. I've already added a dictionary reference and improved the carbonaceous article with that reference, and there are many more to be easily added from the carbonaceous chondrite article. This word is exactly the sort of term for which Wikipedia is useful-- too widely used to be a good dictionary-only term, and with most of its uses highly specialized and technical, which need explaining.  S  B Harris 01:46, 27 June 2014 (UTC)

Allotropes we suck & kiss
I suggest we use two separate & good pictures of the most famous allotropes we know. The allotrope we sucked on in childhood, and the allotrope we kiss when grown up.

(In Infobox carbon, we can use image 2, and drop the spectre. No need for the measurement to be in view. There is no alpha/beta naming?). -DePiep (talk) 17:48, 17 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't think there is alpha/beta naming for C allotropes: allotropes of carbon does not mention it. There is α- (hexagonal) and β- (rhombohedral) graphite, though. I suspect the reason is that α- and β-carbon already have a more common meaning in chemistry. Double sharp (talk) 23:58, 17 July 2014 (UTC)
 * I admit, this current picture has very high quality, and it's free. So my point is less relevant. -DePiep (talk) 22:08, 10 August 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 October 2015
Picture caption reads "...phrase diagram..." Should be "...phase diagram..."

142.129.121.165 (talk) 14:31, 11 October 2015 (UTC)
 * If you mean the one in the Characteristics section, it looks like it's already phase diagram. Cannolis (talk) 14:39, 11 October 2015 (UTC)

In order to be available for formation of life as we know it
Originally, the statement was oddly phrased on this page, like it was lifted from a text on Intelligent Design: Awkward. I reworded it, but still not happy. I notice that has already changed it more, but I think it needs a different approach. Please consider this: Please comment. Grammar'sLittleHelper (talk) 00:18, 6 April 2016 (UTC)
 * In order to be available for formation of life as we know it, this carbon must then later be scattered into space as dust, in supernova explosions, as part of the material which later forms second or third-generation star systems which have planets accreted from such dust.
 * According to theory, carbon is formed in the interiors of stars in the horizontal branch by the transformation of three helium nuclei.[64] When the stars die in supernova explosions, the carbon is scattered into space as dust.  This dust becomes component material for the formation of second or third-generation star systems which have planets accreted.[41][65] The Solar System is one such third-generation star system with an abundance of carbon and life as we know it.

valency
What is the valency of carbon Sandeep xettri (talk) 06:20, 3 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Four. There are naturally exceptions, but to a first approximation, always four. Double sharp (talk) 03:37, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Typo: "Isotopess"
Third sentence: Three  -"isotopess"-   occur naturally, 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radioactive isotope, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. ASteveMt (talk) 17:26, 7 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Double sharp (talk) 03:54, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

misprint
you've got a misprint in the infobox of this "good article". The standard atomic weight of carbon is 12.0096 to 12.0116 not 12.096 to 12.116

86.140.78.188 (talk) 02:45, 13 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Double sharp (talk) 09:55, 13 April 2017 (UTC)

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Improper "(questionable)".
For some odd reason, the existence of lonsdaleite is followed by the note "(questionable)", although nothing in the literature, including here on Wikipedia, presents anything to indicate that it is "questionable" in any scientific sense.

On the contrary: other articles here state that it is not only unequivocally found in asteroids, but that it has been synthesized in the laboratory as well.

I will remove the "(questionable)" part of that paragraph. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jane Q. Public (talk • contribs) 06:01, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 January 2019
규호 ㅏㅌ츠ㅑㅓㅕ류오ㅜ ㄹ파ㅐㄴㄷㅇㄹ ㅏ애츄ㅗ점나ㅐㅇ츄ㅙㅁ널아ㅡㅐㅈㄷㄴ옾류 우처ㅑㅕ몬ㅋ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Songtaeuk (talk • contribs) 03:40, 25 January 2019 (UTC)
 * This seems to be meaningless and probably a test edit. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 06:36, 25 January 2019 (UTC)

Melting, boiling and triple point
I want to change "At atmospheric pressure it has no melting point, as its triple point is at 10.8±0.2 MPa and 4,600 ± 300 K (4,330 ± 300 °C; 7,820 ± 540 °F),[2][3] so it sublimes at about 3,900 K (3,630 °C; 6,560 °F).[20][21]" to "Very many different values can be found in the literature for the melting, boiling, sublimation and triple point temperatures of carbon. The best that can be said is that at standard pressure, the boiling point of carbon is 4,000 ± 250 K (3,730 ± 250 °C; 6,740 ± 400 °F), (reference “E.I. Asinovsky et al. (2002), Fig. 3”) and the melting point, extrapolated down from 80 bars is 4,050 ± 100 K (3,770 ± 100 °C; 6,850 ± 160 °F). So carbon sublimes at atmospheric pressure, but there is some doubt about it. The triple point pressure is definitely less than 80 bars (8 MPa) and is more likely to be near 10 bars (1 MPa). The triple point temperature is 4,050 ± 100 K (3,770 ± 100 °C; 6,850 ± 160 °F)." Mollwollfumble (talk) 05:45, 17 June 2019 (UTC)

Audio version.
Should I add the audio version to the "Carbon" article? And, how do I record and add it? Kuro (talk) 00:45, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 December 1950
Carbon is currently the 17th most abundant element found on this earth, but in the article due to some problem it is written as 15th. Please correct 116.74.38.204 (talk) 11:21, 20 December 2020 (UTC) 116.74.38.204 (talk) 11:21, 20 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Jack Frost (talk) 11:44, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 January 2021
change

However, a recent computational study employing density functional theory methods reached the conclusion that as T → 0 K and p → 0 Pa, diamond becomes more stable than graphite by approximately 1.1 kJ/mol.[45]

to

Although a computational study employing density functional theory methods reached the conclusion that as T → 0 K and p → 0 Pa, diamond becomes more stable than graphite by approximately 1.1 kJ/mol, more recent and definitive experimental and computational studies show that graphite is more stable than diamond for T < 400 K, without applied pressure, by 2.7 kJ/mol at T = 0 K and 3.2 kJ/mol at T = 298.15 K. Jzwanzig (talk) 14:56, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done Elliot321 (talk | contribs) 22:17, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

Regarding removed text
I just removed the sentence "In July 2020, astronomers reported evidence that carbon was formed mainly in white dwarf stars, particularly those bigger than two solar masses." from the section on Occurrence. This section cited an Inverse article and the journal article that said Inverse article itself cites.

However, the sentence is not supported by the journal article (it essentially parrots the Inverse article, which is a gross misinterpretation).

Most of the carbon in the universe is in white dwarf stars. This is basic knowledge of astrophysics and uncontested. However, this carbon is not relevant to things such as planetary formation and the composition of new stars; it is confined in the white dwarf essentially permanently. Thus, astrophysicists often talk of the sources of carbon in the interstellar medium - i.e., that not locked in remnants. As carbon is only formed in stars, this translates to the various ways that stars can shed material enriched in carbon - the main contributors to this are the stellar wind of dying AGB stars (which will eventually leave behind white dwarfs, but are not yet such), and core-collapse supernovae. White dwarfs can shed material into space via type Ia supernovae; however, this is not thought to be a major contribution to carbon abundance in the ISM.

(In terms of nuclear origin, white dwarfs produce no carbon except a miniscule amount during helium novae. Carbon is created via the triple-alpha process in the cores of AGB stars, red supergiants, and the various higher-mass evolved stars such as LBVs and Wolf-Rayet stars.)

What the paper claims is that AGB stars in a certain range of initial mass (1.6-1.9) have weaker stellar winds than previously thought, and therefore contribute very little carbon to the ISM (as more of it is deposited in the white dwarf remnant). It does not claim that the source of carbon (either in terms of nuclear origin or dispersal into ISM) is white dwarfs.

(As an aside, the mention of "white dwarf stars... bigger than two solar masses" is nonsense. White dwarfs cannot have masses that high, due to the Chandrasekhar limit. The mass of a white dwarf is much lower than the initial mass of the star that produced it; the journal article asserts that stars of initial mass 1.5-2.8 solar masses all leave white dwarfs of masses 0.6-0.75 solar masses, though the dependence is - this is the point of the article - not monotonic.) Magic9mushroom (talk) 12:27, 1 May 2021 (UTC)

With sulfide? what state?
Quote: with sulfur to form carbon disulfide and with steam in the coal-gas reaction: C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g). There is no sulfur in this reaction. Does anyone know what has happened here?

 * I believe the problem was that these sulfur and water reactions had been cut off from their subject and verb ("Carbon reacts...") by several intervening sentences, so it didn't seem to make sense in this . I deleted it thinking it was a non-sequitur, and now restored it with repaired grammar. --MadeOfAtoms (talk) 10:35, 15 June 2021 (UTC)

Why are we using (s) and (g) here? This is not interesting in a chemical reaction. control the carbon content of steel:

Fe3O4 + 4 C(s) → 3 Fe(s) + 4 CO(g)

In this reaction, iron is molten, not solid (s). Fe3O4 does not have (s). I suggest we just drop these phase (state) designations in these equations. This is the first in about 30 pages where they appear. Consensus?

carbon
carbon 27.61.213.169 (talk) 10:31, 31 December 2021 (UTC)

Melting point of diamond
User:Eric Kvaalen, as a complete non-expert I'm a bit confused by the note you added to the phase diagram in the intro, and looking to improve it. Firstly, the link referenced seems to be about the melting point of diamond ("shock-compressed" diamond, whatever that really means), which does not include the melting point of Graphite listed in the table, so this needs to be clarified. Second, is the note saying the upper line between Diamond and Liquid is wrong and should be edited? Is there a pressure-temp phase diagram from the paper that we could include here instead?

Finally, would it be better to include this note in the text, rather than in the figure? Thanks! Cstanford.math (talk) 12:49, 4 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Hello. Yes, the title of the reference is "Melting temperature of diamond at ultrahigh pressure", because it's looking at the melting point at high pressures where the solid would be diamond. "Shock-compressed" means that they shoot a laser at a small disk of diamond, or actually at a thin coat of aluminum if I remember right on the small disk of diamond, and this causes very rapid ablation of the aluminum, which acts like a rocket engine you could say, causing a shock wave to travel through the carbon. This shock wave causes the carbon to go very briefly to very high temperatures and pressures, and they can actually figure out what the path through T-P space is. I don't know what table you are referring to. It's true that the melting point of diamond (which depends on pressure) is not the same as the melting point of graphite (which also depends on pressure), except at the "triple point" where graphite, diamond, and liquid carbon are all in equilibrium. Yes, the graph is wrong at the upper right. Instead of continuing to curve to the right, it should curve upwards toward higher pressure without ever surpassing 9000 K in temperature. Yes, there is a diagram in the paper, but of course somebody would have to make a copy as an SVG file or whatever. Fortunately the article is open-access. Yes, we could put something in the text, but I thought it was more important to modify the caption because people need to know that the curve is wrong. Anyway, people don't always read the text very carefully. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 09:17, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * That all makes sense, thanks! I clarified the figure caption based on what you wrote here. Mainly, I wasn't sure which part of the phase diagram the caption was correcting, but I think it's clear now. Feel free to improve further. Cstanford.math (talk) 16:39, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

Carbon
How can diamond be created by putting pressure on carbon how is it possible? 147.92.91.58 (talk) 04:06, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Carbon/Archive 2


text:
Talk:Transcendental function

Use in Calculus section
I just removed the section entitled "Use in Calculus". Not that transcendentals aren't used in calculus, but the section discussed the use of the logarithm, as opposed to anything related to transcendentals. I would fill in the section myself, but I don't know anything about transcendentals; perhaps a mathematician might do so? Ourai тʃс 00:17, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Next time, leave it blank, don't delete it. That way, people reading the article know that a section on use in calculus is needed. LokiClock (talk) 11:17, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

Field extensions
Is it a good idea to mention field extensions? Adding an algebraic number is a finite field extension, but a transcendental one gives an infinite one. Is there a parallel for algebraic/transcendental functions? Paxinum (talk) 07:53, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Common examples?
Aren't exp(x), sin(x), and cos(x) transcendental functions? And any infinite Taylor series?

Do you have any idea of the appropriate level for a general encyclopedia?
This article is way way too technicalm, at least in the intro (and yes, I can spell and use correct grammar, I'm too annoyed) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.49.131.230 (talk) 01:05, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

Trivial transcendental functions
If all functions which are not algebraic are transcendental (per the article), then many simple functions are transcendental, e.g. the constant function $$\pi$$, any non-differentiable function, e.g., the absolute value, the step function, the complex conjugate, the indicator function of any non-trivial set, e.g., $$\mathbf{1}_{\{ 0\}}$$, etc. Indeed, some of these functions take only algebraic values for all arguments (not just algebraic arguments).

I don't think I've ever seen those functions talked about as transcendental. Should the definition should be defined as a subset of the analytic functions? --Macrakis (talk) 21:02, 17 April 2015 (UTC)

 * A constant function can be considered algebraic; the absolute value and step function are piecewise algebraic. The complex conjugate is not analytic. Think about this from the pedagogical view: algebraic and transcendental can be discussed in early courses, the analytic function idea requires more student maturity. Your suggestion does not appear to be helpful.Rgdboer (talk) 21:25, 18 April 2015 (UTC)

 * WP is an encyclopedia, not an "early course". Our definitions should not be bowdlerized, making them incomplete or incorrect.

 * I have now had the time to do a little more research, and it seems clear that the literature (including the existing reference!) is unanimous that "transcendental functions" are a defined as a subset of "analytic functions", not of all functions. I will include that (with sources) in the lead. --Macrakis (talk) 00:01, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

Eisenstein / Heine
The following was removed:
 * Transcendental functions were first defined by Euler in his Introductio (1748) as functions either not definable by the "ordinary operations of algebra", or defined by such operations "repeated infinitely often". But this definition is unsatisfactory, since some functions defined with infinitely many operations remain algebraic or even rational. The theory was further developed by Gotthold Eisenstein (Eisenstein's theorem), Eduard Heine, and others.

The "unsatisfactory" explanation is unsatisfactory. The contributions of Eisenstein and Heine may be appended to the article with sufficient introduction and context. Rgdboer (talk) 02:00, 21 January 2017 (UTC)

Dimensional Analysis
The last (as of 8.25.2022) sentence in the section is wrong-headed. DA does NOT allow you to 'split' the number from its units of measure. That is, you can no more claim log(5 meters) = log(5)+log(meters) than you can claim 5meters +5centimeters = 5(meters+centimeters). Neither is correct. And both are incorrect for the same reason.The solution mentioned in the article, to use tf's with only dimensionless quantities seems to be best. If the section needs to explain something, then it needs to explain why the units of log(5m) isn't log(meters). It also seems to me that no explanation is needed with the process of taking sine(4 degrees) to be a dimensionless number, rather than claiming its units are Sum(radians^n) where n = 1...infinity (taylor series expansion). 4meters*sin(30°)=2 meters, after all. BTW, when I do DA, I always place units of measure in parentheses to keep them isolated from the numbers and magnitudes. The mathematical operations performed on the magnitudes aren't suitable for operations on units of measure.98.21.245.38 (talk) 02:34, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transcendental function


text:
Communes of the Dordogne department

The following is a list of the 503 communes of the Dordogne department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
 * Communauté d'agglomération Bergeracoise
 * Communauté d'agglomération Le Grand Périgueux
 * Communauté de communes Castillon-Pujols (partly)
 * Communauté de communes Isle et Crempse en Périgord
 * Communauté de communes Isle-Loue-Auvézère en Périgord
 * Communauté de communes Isle, Vern, Salembre en Périgord
 * Communauté de communes de Montaigne Montravel et Gurson
 * Communauté de communes du Pays Foyen (partly)
 * Communauté de communes du Pays de Saint-Aulaye
 * Communauté de communes du Périgord Ribéracois
 * Communauté de communes des Portes Sud Périgord
 * Communauté de communes Sarlat-Périgord noir
 * Communauté de communes Vallée de la Dordogne et Forêt Bessède
 * Communauté de communes de la Vallée de l'Homme
 * Communauté de communes du Périgord Ribéracois
 * Communauté de communes des Portes Sud Périgord
 * Communauté de communes Sarlat-Périgord noir
 * Communauté de communes Vallée de la Dordogne et Forêt Bessède
 * Communauté de communes de la Vallée de l'Homme
 * Communauté de communes Vallée de la Dordogne et Forêt Bessède
 * Communauté de communes de la Vallée de l'Homme
 * Communauté de communes de la Vallée de l'Homme

title: Communes of the Dordogne department


text:
Talk:In vitro fertilisation

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 July 2019 and 23 August 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kmiller22, JVIDUYA, Tranhtruong, Kevindichosen1.

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 10 September 2019 and 31 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kgallant.

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 30 August 2021 and 10 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Pklawrence, Kahebert.

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Rivaslaura.

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Kinship discussions
Through IVF techniques, some old ideas of certain constellations of being "impossible", need to be considered nowadays. In Charis Thompson's book "Making Parents", she points out "Naturalizing Stratgies", that mothers use to justify kinship relations. In the 5th chapter, she points out, that for example mothers who need to use the services of a surrogate mother base their definition of kinship mostly on the given genetic relationship. On the other hand, other mothers who need to use egg-cells from another woman, still consider the baby being "theirs", basing the kinship on the fact of that they carried and gave birth to the child. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bonsaipotathoe (talk • contribs) 15:19, 7 June 2017 (UTC)

Student Edit- CSUEB
Hello Wiki community! I am a student at California State University East Bay, in a post-bacc program bioethics class. I have a few contributions to add to the invitro fertilisation page. Please give your feedback and own edits. I have Modified the ethical decisions in IVF with information and links. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cajjen12 (talk • contribs) 23:48, 1 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi, Cajjen12. Thanks for the work, but along with some possibly good amendments you have changed all the headings to max caps. According to WP:Style they should be sentence case. I have undone your edit, as the easiest way of restoring the correct style. If you wish to make the substantive changes again, please don't change the case of the headings. And it might be best to do the edits in stages, not all at once, so that others can see what you've done. Best wishes -  SNALWIBMA  ( talk - contribs ) 16:52, 23 April 2019 (UTC)

Foundations II: P2 - 5B - Topics and Goals
Possible topics to discuss:
 * age - maternal age and decreasing change of conception
 * update success, average cost, insurance coverage, age caps, other guidelines in USA
 * find citation for Israel data - added to Israel section
 * drugs that are used in vitro fertilization
 * drug side effects, DDI, monitoring, - or add links to drugs
 * fertilisation vs fertilization? - added this but it got removed

JVIDUYA (talk) 20:13, 1 August 2019 (UTC)

UCSF Peer Review of Team 5b by Team 5a
Do the group’s edits substantially improve the article as described in the Wikipedia peer review “Guiding framework”? Has the group achieved its overall goals for improvement? Goals were to address: Does the draft submission reflect a neutral point of view? If not, specify… Are the points included verifiable with cited secondary sources that are freely available? If not, specify… Are the edits formatted consistent with Wikipedia’s manual of style? If not, specify… Is there any evidence of plagiarism or copyright violation? If yes, specify…
 * The team added some helpful statistics regarding success of IVF in older populations.
 * age - maternal age and decreasing change of conception - Team 5b added information regarding outcomes of IVF at or over a certain age (more difficult and higher chance of adverse events).
 * update success, average cost, insurance coverage, age caps, other guidelines in USA
 * find citation for Israel data - added to Israel section
 * drugs that are used in vitro fertilization
 * drug side effects, DDI, monitoring, - or add links to drugs - Did not address drug drug interactions or drug side effects as their original goal stated
 * fertilisation vs fertilization? -
 * Team 5b added: Updated the availability of IVF in different countries: age restriction, funding, statistics for USA with citation.
 * Group 5B edited the article with a neutral point of view. The language they used did not contain any positive/negative or biased tones. Christinewmin (talk) 21:41, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Team 5b added 4 new references to this article. All references seem to be appropriate and support the added content. Mlomanto (talk) 16:57, 6 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I searched their edits in Google and did not find any plagiarism. Great! Kshim054 (talk) 16:56, 6 August 2019 (UTC)

New section on Laboratory requirements
Someone has just added a section headed "Laboratory Requirements", consisting of a list of requirements for environmental control etc. It is completely unreferenced, and it is all very general stuff that could apply to almost any biomedical research or clinical facility. It does not apply particularly to IVF. I think it should be deleted. I was going to go ahead and delete it (WP:BOLD), but I thought perhaps I should mention it here first. Anyone agree with me?  SNALWIBMA  ( talk - contribs ) 07:21, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I have gone ahead and deleted it.  SNALWIBMA  ( talk - contribs ) 06:58, 17 December 2020 (UTC)

"Women" or "people"?
The article is sprinkled with the word "people" instead of "women". Is this really necessary? I don't wish to offend anyone, but it seems unnecessary, and in some places misleading. There is even an instance of "In comparison with people, men showed less deterioration in mental health ..." - which is frankly stupid. Thoughts?  SNALWIBMA  ( talk - contribs ) 16:49, 27 July 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 29 August 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Favonian (talk) 14:55, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

In vitro fertilisation → IVF – Per WP:ACROTITLE, the abbreviation is the WP:COMMONNAME in this case. The abbreviation is not widely known to mean something else. PhotographyEdits (talk) 13:15, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Oppose - MOS:ACROTITLE goes too far beyond its mandate, as that is a Manual of Style page, not a naming guideline. Most of whats there should instead be moved to Article titles. While "IVF" is common to this topic, its not exclusive (IVF (disambiguation)), and in principle we should set a very high bar for any TLA to become primary. For reader clarity, search engine blurbs, etc., the expanded term should be the article title. -- Netoholic @ 15:46, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * You seem to be mainly basing your argument on the fact that in your view Wikipedia policy itself is incorrectly structured. MOS:ACROTITLE was used sucessfully before in as an argument in moving International Standard Book Number to ISBN, as seen here: Talk:ISBN. I have taken a look at the subects listed on the disambiguation page, but they seem to be rather obscure compared to in vitro fertilisation. Based on what policy is the argument based that there is a very high bar for a TLA to become primary? PhotographyEdits (talk) 16:28, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose no indication that the subject is known primarily by its abbreviation (per WP:ACROTITLE)—blindlynx 16:35, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * @Blindlynx Googling the literal  gives me 566k results, while   gives me 17 million results. (I included pregnancy to exclude any other meanings, so the difference could be a bit different, but you get the point). PhotographyEdits (talk) 16:44, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Every single hit for '"IVF" "pregnancy"' has 'In vitro fertilisation (IVF)' in its preview. Also raw hit counts aren't reliable WP:HITS—blindlynx 16:58, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * @Blindlynx WP:HITS is about notability and does not argue against determining the primary name. PhotographyEdits (talk) 17:43, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * That doesn't change the fact it's unreliable for determining numbers —blindlynx 17:46, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * @Blindlynx Then what tool do you suggest? PhotographyEdits (talk) 18:33, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Google scholar tends to be my go to, but google trends also works but it tends to be a bit more dated. In order to satisfy WP:ACROTITLE in this case you would have to show that 'IFV' without the full phrase—blindlynx 19:02, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * also, please stop pinging me, i'll keep an eye on this page—blindlynx 19:05, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose. IVF as a primary redirect is fine, but there's no reason to rename the article. 162 etc. (talk) 18:34, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose – A topic has to meet a pretty high bar to warrant being titled by its acronym. Cases like HIV/AIDS, where most people familiar with the topic wouldn't know what the acronym stands for, are one thing. But I don't think that applies here. Graham (talk) 21:02, 30 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Britannica.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 11:22, 31 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment test-tube baby ? -- 64.229.88.43 (talk) 08:10, 2 September 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: LGBTQ Reproductive Health
— Assignment last updated by AuroraRynda (talk) 13:37, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

"People with uteri" and "gestational bodies"
These two terms have just been inserted wholesale into the article in place of "women", on the grounds of inclusivity. I contend that they are not inclusive terms, just gobbledegook. They are obscure. They do not clarify the meaning but conceal it. I have reinstated "woman" and "women". Before my edit is reversed, could we please discuss?  SNALWIBMA  ( talk - contribs ) 16:56, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

I'm inclined to agree. By and large, those participating in IVF are women, as opposed to transmen. I'm in support of the coverage in the article about the use of IVF by trans and GNC individuals, but the language used in the lead needs to make the core principles of IVF clear and use clear terms. cymru.lass (talk • contribs) 19:16, 23 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:In vitro fertilisation


text:
Communes of the Gironde department

The following is a list of the 535 communes of the Gironde department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
 * Bordeaux Métropole
 * Communauté d'agglomération du Bassin d'Arcachon Nord
 * Communauté d'agglomération Bassin d'Arcachon Sud
 * Communauté d'agglomération du Libournais
 * Communauté de communes du Bazadais
 * Communauté de communes de Blaye
 * Communauté de communes Castillon-Pujols (partly)
 * Communauté de communes Convergence Garonne
 * Communauté de communes des Coteaux Bordelais
 * Communauté de communes du Créonnais
 * Communauté de communes de l'Estuaire
 * Communauté de communes du Fronsadais
 * Communauté de communes du Grand Cubzaguais
 * Communauté de communes du Grand Saint-Émilionnais
 * Communauté de communes Jalle Eau Bourde
 * Communauté de communes Latitude Nord Gironde
 * Communauté de communes Médoc Atlantique
 * Communauté de communes Médoc Cœur de Presqu'île
 * Communauté de communes Médoc Estuaire
 * Communauté de communes Médullienne
 * Communauté de communes de Montesquieu
 * Communauté de communes du Pays Foyen (partly)
 * Communauté de communes des Portes de l'Entre-Deux-Mers
 * Communauté de communes du Réolais en Sud Gironde
 * Communauté de communes rurales de l'Entre-Deux-Mers
 * Communauté de communes du Secteur de Saint-Loubès
 * Communauté de communes du Sud Gironde
 * Communauté de communes du Val de l'Eyre

title: Communes of the Gironde department


text:
Rebirth

Rebirth may refer to:

Film

 * Rebirth (2011 film), a 2011 Japanese drama film
 * Rebirth (2016 film), a 2016 American thriller film
 * Rebirth, a 2011 documentary film produced by Project Rebirth
 * The Rebirth (film), a 2007 Japanese film directed by Masahiro Kobayashi
 * Mortal Kombat: Rebirth, a 2010 short film

Bands and groups

 * Rebirth Brass Band, a New Orleans brass band
 * The Rebirth (band), a Los Angeles soul band
 * Rebirth, a record label which The March Violets have recorded under

Albums and EPs

 * Rebirth (Aka Moon album), 1994
 * Rebirth (Angra album), 2001
 * Rebirth (Billy Childs album), 2017
 * Rebirth (Gackt album), 2001
 * Rebirth (Jennifer Lopez album), 2005
 * Rebirth (Jimmy Cliff album), 2012
 * Rebirth (Keith Sweat album), 2002
 * Rebirth (Lil Wayne album), 2010
 * Rebirth (Masami Okui album), 2004
 * Rebirth (Pain album), 1999
 * ReBirth (album), a 2020 album by Young Stunners
 * The Rebirth, a 2009 album by Bobby V
 * The Rebirth (Eric Bellinger album), 2014
 * Rebirth (EP), a 2009 EP by SS501
 * R.ebirth, a 2016 mixtape by Ravi
 * Re:birth, a 2007 tribute album to Luna Sea

Songs

 * "Rebirth", a song by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony on the album Uni5: The World's Enemy, 2010
 * "Rebirth", a song by All Shall Perish on the album This Is Where It Ends, 2011
 * "Rebirth", a song by Born of Osiris on the album A Higher Place, 2009
 * "Rebirth", a song by Caroline Rose on the album The Art of Forgetting, 2023
 * "Rebirth", a song by Erra on the album Augment, 2013
 * "Rebirth", a song by Gorgoroth on the album Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt, 2009
 * "Rebirth", a song by In Hearts Wake on the album Earthwalker, 2014
 * "Rebirth", a 2011 song by Ran-D

Publications

 * Rebirth (manhwa), a manhwa series by Lee Kang-woo
 * Rebirth (newspaper), a short-lived hippie underground newspaper in Phoenix, Arizona
 * DC Rebirth, a 2016 relaunch of DC Comics monthly ongoing series
 * Green Lantern: Rebirth, a comic book series
 * The Flash: Rebirth, a comic book series
 * The Chrysalids, titled in the United States as Re-Birth, a 1955 novel by John Wyndham

Television

 * "Rebirth" (Batman Beyond), 1999 television episodes
 * "Rebirth" (Batwoman), a 2021 television episode
 * "Rebirth" (Death Note), a 2006 television episode
 * "Rebirth" (Futurama), a 2010 television episode
 * "Rebirth" (Supergirl), a 2021 television episode
 * "Rebirth" (The 4400), a 2005 television episode
 * "Rebirth" (The Legend of Korra), a 2014 television episode
 * The Transformers: The Rebirth, a television season
 * Rebirth, an anime television series by Liden Films

Video games

 * .hack//G.U. Volume 1: Rebirth, a 2006 video game
 * Tales of Rebirth, a 2004 video game
 * Final Fantasy VII: Rebirth, a 2024 video game
 * ReBirth, a title appended to video game titles to indicate a sequel or remake, such as:
 * Gradius ReBirth, a 2008 shoot 'em up video game
 * Castlevania: The Adventure ReBirth, a side-scrolling action platform game developed by M2
 * Contra ReBirth, a 2009 2D run and gun video game
 * Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth 1
 * The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth, an independent roguelike video game

Religion

 * Regeneration (theology), a concept in Christian theology
 * Born again, a Christian term referring to a spiritually reborn person
 * Reincarnation, the transmigration of a deceased person's spirit/soul, essence and consciousness into another body and other name
 * Rebirth (Buddhism), the teaching that the actions of a sentient being lead to a new existence after death
 * Resurrection, the concept of coming back to life after death
 * Universal resurrection, a term referring to an event by which people are resurrected

Other uses

 * Rebirth (sculpture), a proposed outdoor sculpture by American artist Seyed Alavi
 * ReBirth RB-338, a software synthesizer

title: Rebirth


text:
Omagh

Omagh (from An Ómaigh, meaning 'the virgin plain') is the county town of County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen meet to form the Strule. Northern Ireland's capital city, Belfast, is 68 miles (109.5 km) to the east of Omagh, and Derry is 34 miles (55 km) to the north.

The town had a population of 20,458 at the 2021 Census. At the time of 2011 Census the former district council, which was the largest in County Tyrone, had a population of 51,356. Omagh contains the headquarters of the Western Education and Library Board, and also houses offices for the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs at Sperrin House, the Department for Infrastructure and the Northern Ireland Roads Service at the Tyrone County Hall and the Northern Ireland Land & Property Services at Boaz House.

Name
The name Omagh is an anglicisation of the Irish name an Óghmaigh (modern Irish an Ómaigh), meaning "the virgin plain". A monastery was apparently established on the site of the town about 792, and a Franciscan friary was founded in 1464. Omagh was founded as a town in 1610. It served as a refuge for fugitives from the east of County Tyrone during the 1641 Rebellion. In 1689, James II arrived at Omagh, en route to Derry. Supporters of William III, Prince of Orange, later burned the town.

County Town
In 1768 Omagh replaced Dungannon as the county town of County Tyrone. Omagh acquired railway links to Londonderry with the Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway in 1852, Enniskillen in 1853 and Belfast in 1861. St Lucia Barracks were completed in 1881. In 1899 Tyrone County Hospital was opened. The Government of Northern Ireland made the Great Northern Railway Board close the Omagh – Enniskillen railway line in 1957. In accordance with the Benson Report submitted to the Northern Ireland Government in 1963, the Ulster Transport Authority closed the Portadown – Omagh – Londonderry main line in 1965, leaving Tyrone with no rail service. St Lucia Barracks closed on 1 August 2007.

On 30 December 1942, a Consolidated Catalina Ib of No. 240 Squadron RAF that was operating from RAF Killadeas crashed into the town. The crash killed all eleven occupants, however no one on the ground was killed or injured. The cause of the crash was never ascertained.

Omagh Town Hall, which opened on 29 September 1915, hosted many prominent performers, including the actors Anew McMaster, Micheál Mac Liammóir and Jimmy O'Dea, before it was demolished to make way for the Strule Arts Centre in 1997.

The Troubles
Omagh came into the international focus of the media on 15 August 1998, when the Real Irish Republican Army exploded a car bomb in the town centre. 29 people were killed in the blast – 14 women (including one pregnant with twins), 9 children and 6 men. Hundreds more were injured as a result of the blast.

In April 2011, a car bomb killed police constable Ronan Kerr. A group of former Provisional IRA members calling itself the Irish Republican Army made its first public statement later that month claiming responsibility for the killing.

In February 2023, an off-duty senior police officer was shot and critically injured at a sports complex in the town. Police stated they were focusing on the New IRA.

Recent events
In 2024 an investigation traced what was believed to be the source of a humming noise in Omagh, which had been described as "a real noise nuisance issue for very many families." The source of the noise, however, was not made public.

2021 Census
At the time of the 2021 Census there were 20,458 people living in Omagh. Of these:
 * 19.56% were aged under 16, 63.87% were aged between 16-65, and 16.57% were aged 66 and over.
 * 51.37% of the usually resident population were female and 48.63% were male.
 * 70.88% (14,500) belong to or were brought up in the Catholic, 22.91% (4,687) belong to or were brought up Protestant (including Christian denominations), 1.11% (228) belong to or were brought up in other religions and 5.1% (1,043) belong to no religion.
 * 43.24% had an Irish national identity, 32.62% had a Northern Irish national identity, 24.01% had a British national identity, and 11.02% had an 'other' national identity. (respondents could indicate more than one national identity)
 * 16.43% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaeilge) and 5.61% had some knowledge of Ulster Scots.

2011 Census
On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 19,659 people living in Omagh, accounting for 1.09% of the NI total. Of these:

 * 20.85% were aged under 16 years and 13.69% were aged 65 and over;
 * 51.27% of the usually resident population were female and 48.73% were male;
 * 71.32% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic Christian faith and 25.36% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and other Christian (including Christian related)'denominations;
 * 36.97% had an Irish national identity, 33.97% had a Northern Irish national identity and 28.51% indicated that they had a British national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity);
 * 36 years was the average (median) age of the population;
 * 13.92% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaeilge) and 4.30% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots.

Weather

Omagh has a history of flooding and suffered major floods in 1909, 1929, 1954, 1969, 1987, 1999 and, most recently, 12 June 2007. Flood-walls have been built to keep the water in the channel (River Strule) and to prevent it from overflowing into the flood plain. Large areas of land, mainly around the meanders, are unsuitable for development and were developed into large, green open areas, walking routes and parks. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).

Wards
These wards are only those that cover the town.
 * Camowen (2001 Population – 2,377)
 * Coolnagard (2001 Population – 2,547)
 * Dergmoney (2001 Population – 1,930)
 * Drumragh (2001 Population – 2,481)
 * Gortrush (2001 Population – 2,786)
 * Killyclogher (2001 Population – 2,945)
 * Lisanelly (2001 Population – 2,973)
 * Strule (2001 Population – 1,780)

Administrative areas
The central urban area south of River Strule forms the townland of Omagh in the civil parish of Drumragh, the adjacent area north of the river forms the townland of Lisnamllard in the civil parish of Cappagh (Upper Strabane portion). Both civil parishes comprise also outskirts of Omagh and some surrounding countryside. Omagh Urban Electoral Division comprises both townlands.

Townlands
The town sprang up within the townland of Omagh, in the parish of Drumragh. Over time, the urban area has spread into the surrounding townlands. They include:

 * Campsie
 * Conywarren (an old name for a rabbit warren)
 * Coolnagard Lower, Coolnagard Upper ( or )
 * Crevenagh
 * Culmore
 * Dergmoney Lower, Dergmoney Upper
 * Gortin
 * Gortmore
 * Killybrack
 * Killyclogher
 * Lammy
 * Lisanelly
 * Lisnamallard
 * Lissan
 * Mullaghmore
 * Sedennan (possibly )
 * Strathroy or Straughroy

Places of interest

The Ulster American Folk Park near Omagh includes the cottage where Thomas Mellon was born in 1813, before emigrating to Pennsylvania, in the United States when he was five. His son Andrew W. Mellon became secretary of the US Treasury. The park is an open-air museum that explores the journey made by the Irish (specifically those from Ulster) to America during the 1800s. The park is used to host events during Easter, Christmas, Fourth of July and Halloween. It also hosts a major Bluegrass festival every year. Over 127,000 people visited the park in 2003.

The Gortin Glens Forest Park, 16 km north of Omagh, is a large forest with a deer enclosure and several waterfalls and lakes.

Strule Arts Centre opened in 2007 is an example of urban renewal in Omagh town centre: a modern civic building, in a newly created public space reclaimed from the formerly disused area, between the River Strule and High Street.

Parks
Omagh has over 20 playgrounds for children, and a large amount of green open area for all the public. The largest of these is the Grange Park, located near the town centre. Many areas around the meanders of the River Strule have also been developed into open areas. Omagh Leisure Complex is a large public amenity, near the Grange Park and is set in 11 ha of landscaped grounds and features a leisure centre, boating pond, astroturf pitch and cycle paths.

Retail
Omagh is the main retail centre for Tyrone, as well as the West of Ulster (behind Derry and Letterkenny), due to its central location. In the period 2000–2003, over £80 million was invested in Omagh, and 60960 m2 of new retail space was created. Shopping areas in Omagh include the Main Street, Great Northern Road Retail Park and the Showgrounds Retail Park on Sedan Avenue in the town centre. Market Street/High Street is also a prominent shopping street, which includes high street stores such as DV8 and Primark.

OASIS Plaza
The 'Omagh Accessible Shared Inclusive Space' (OASIS), a £4.5 million facelift for Omagh's riverbank, was funded by the European Union and planning approved in 2013.

Construction for the project began in March 2014, and the OASIS plaza was officially opened in June 2015.

Former railways
Neither the town nor the district of Omagh has any railway service.

The Irish gauge Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway (L&ER) opened as far as Omagh on 3 September 1852 and was extended to Enniskillen in 1854. The Portadown, Dungannon and Omagh Junction Railway (PD&O) reached Omagh in 1861, completing the Portadown – Derry route that came to be informally called "The Derry Road". The Great Northern Railway (Ireland) absorbed the PD&O in 1876 and the L&ER in 1883.

The Government of Northern Ireland made the GNR Board close the Omagh – Enniskillen line in 1957. The Ulster Transport Authority took over the GNR's remaining lines in Northern Ireland in 1958. In accordance with The Benson Report submitted to the Northern Ireland Government in 1963, the UTA closed the "Derry Road" through Omagh on 15 February 1965. Later the Omagh Throughpass road was built on the disused trackbed through Omagh railway station.

Bus services
Bus Services in Omagh are operated by Ulsterbus.

Proposed railways
There are plans to reopen railway lines in Northern Ireland including the line from Portadown via Dungannon to Omagh.

Road connections

 * A32 (Omagh – Enniskillen – Ballinamore) (Becomes N87 at border)
 * A5 (Northbound) (Omagh – Strabane [and from here north-west to Letterkenny, via Lifford on the A38, becoming the N14 at the county border] – Derry)
 * A5 (Southbound) (Omagh – Monaghan – Ashbourne – Dublin) (Becomes N2 at border)
 * A4 (Eastbound) (Omagh – Dungannon – Belfast) (A4 joins A5 near Ballygawley)
 * A505 (Eastbound) (Omagh – Cookstown)
 * The Omagh Throughpass (Stage 3) opened on 18 August 2006.

Education
Omagh has a number of educational institutions at different levels. Omagh was also the headquarters of the Western Education and Library Board (WELB), located at Campsie House on the Hospital Road, before all local education boards in Northern Ireland were combined into the Education Authority in 2015.

Primary schools (elementary schools)
 * Christ The King Primary School
 * Gibson Primary School
 * Gillygooley Primary School
 * Holy Family Primary School
 * Omagh County Primary School (and Nursery School)
 * Omagh Integrated Primary School (and Nursery School)
 * St Mary's Primary School
 * St Conor's Primary School
 * Gaelscoil na gCrann Irish language Primary school (and Naíscoil – Irish language nursery school)
 * Recarson Primary School – Arvalee

Grammar/secondary school
 * Christian Brothers Grammar School
 * Drumragh Integrated College
 * Loreto Grammar School
 * Omagh Academy
 * Omagh High School
 * Sacred Heart College

Colleges/universities
 * Omagh College of Further Education

Lisanelly Shared Educational Campus
The Department for Education proposed to co-locate Omagh's six existing secondary schools on the former 190-acre St Lucia Army Barracks, as one large shared educational campus. In April 2009, at the inaugural Lisanelly Shared Educational Campus Steering Group meeting held in Arvalee School and Resource Centre, the Education Minister, Caitríona Ruane announced that funding had been allocated for exemplar designs and associated technical work for a shared educational campus. The construction was expected to cost in excess of £120 million. As of March 2022, the shared education campus was scheduled to open in 2026.

Religious buildings

The following is a list of religious buildings in Omagh:
 * Christ the King (Roman Catholic)
 * Evangelical Presbyterian Church
 * Gillygooley Presbyterian Church
 * First Omagh Presbyterian
 * Independent Methodist
 * Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses
 * Omagh Baptist
 * Omagh Community Church (non-denominational)
 * Omagh Free Presbyterian Church
 * Omagh Gospel Hall (A company of Christians sometimes referred to as "open brethren")
 * Omagh Methodist
 * Sacred Heart (Roman Catholic)
 * St. Columba's (Church of Ireland)
 * St. Mary's ( Roman Catholic)
 * The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)
 * Trinity Presbyterian Church

International relations

 * L'Haÿ-les-Roses, France

Gaelic games
The town has two Gaelic football clubs, Omagh St. Enda's, which plays its home games in Healy Park, and Drumragh Sarsfields, which plays its home games at Clanabogan.

Healy Park is the home of Tyrone GAA and the county's largest and main sports stadium located on the Gortin Road, has a capacity nearing 25,000, and had the distinction of being the first Gaelic-games stadium in Ulster to have floodlights.

The stadium now hosts the latter matches of the Tyrone Senior Football Championship, as well as Tyrone's home games, and other inter-county matches that require a neutral venue.

Football
Omagh no longer has a top-flight local football team, since the demise of Omagh Town F.C. in 2005. Strathroy Harps FC are the only Omagh and Tyrone team to win the Irish junior cup twice in 2012 and 2013.

Rugby
Omagh's rugby team, Omagh Academicals (nicknamed the "Accies"), is an amateur team, made up of primarily of local players.

Cricket
Omagh Cavaliers Cricket Club located in Omagh.

Greyhound racing
A greyhound racing track operated from 1932 until 1940. The track was opened by the Duke of Abercorn on 25 May 1932 and racing took place at 'The Park' in the Showgrounds. It was organised by the Tyrone Greyhound Racing Association until 1940.

Notable people
Notable residents or people born in Omagh include:

 * Thomas Mellon (1813-1908) - Irish-American businessman, judge, bank founder
 * John Meahan (1806–1902) – New Brunswick shipbuilder and politician, born and raised in Omagh
 * Alice Milligan (1865–1953) – Protestant Nationalist poet
 * Charles Beattie (1899–1958) – Auctioneer and briefly Member of Parliament
 * Jimmy Kennedy (1902–1984) – Songwriter's Hall of Fame-inductee (Red Sails in the Sunset, Teddy Bears Picnic)
 * Patrick McAlinney (1913–1990) – Actor (The Tomorrow People)
 * Benedict Kiely (1919–2007) – author (Land Without Stars)
 * Brian Friel (1929–2015) – playwright was born in Knockmoyle near Omagh.
 * Frankie McBride (born 1944) – country musician
 * Arty McGlynn (1944–2019) – International renowned guitarist.
 * Linda Martin (born 1947) – musician (Eurovision Song Contest-winner 1992)
 * Sir Sam Neill (born 1947) – Jurassic Park actor (born in Omagh)
 * Gerard McSorley (born 1950) – actor, films include Veronica Guerin and Omagh
 * The 6th Duke of Westminster (1951–2016) – peer and major landowner.
 * Pat Sharkey (born 1953) – Ipswich Town F.C. and Northern Irish football player in the 1970s.
 * Willie Anderson (born 1955) – Ireland Rugby Union International
 * Philip Turbett (born 1961) – bassoonist, clarinettist and saxophonist
 * Ivan Sproule (born 1981) – former Northern Irish football international.
 * Joe McMahon (born 1983) – All-Ireland-winning Tyrone Gaelic footballer.
 * Juliet Turner – singer/songwriter
 * Phil Taggart (born 1987) – BBC Radio 1 DJ
 * Janet Devlin (born 1994) – X-Factor Finalist 2011 (5th place)
 * Justin McMahon – All-Ireland-winning Tyrone Gaelic footballer.
 * Barley Bree – Irish Folk Group
 * Aoife McArdle – Film Director
 * Martina Devlin – Journalist and author
 * Whitey McDonald (born 1902) – football player Northern Ireland national football team, Rangers F.C. and Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–30). Inductee, Canada Soccer Hall of Fame

title: Omagh


text:
Charter Oath

The Charter Oath (五箇条の御誓文) was promulgated on 6 April 1868 in Kyoto Imperial Palace. The Oath outlined the main aims and the course of action to be followed during Emperor Meiji's reign, setting the legal stage for Japan's modernization. This also set up a process of urbanization as people of all classes were free to move jobs so people went to the city for better work. It remained influential, though less for governing than inspiring, throughout the Meiji era and into the twentieth century, and it can be considered the first constitution of modern Japan.

Rules
As the name implies, the text of the Oath consists of five clauses:

Origin and subsequent influence
The first draft of the Oath was written by junior councilor Yuri Kimimasa in January 1868, containing progressive language that spoke to the frustrations that the radical but modestly born Meiji leaders had experienced in "service to hereditary incompetents." Yuri's language was moderated by his colleague Fukuoka Takachika in February to be "less alarming," and Kido Takayoshi prepared the final form of the Oath, employing "language broad enough to embrace both readings." The Oath was read aloud by Sanjō Sanetomi in the main ceremonial hall of the Kyoto Imperial Palace in the presence of the Emperor and more than 400 officials. After the reading, the nobles and daimyōs present signed their names to a document praising the Oath, and swearing to do their utmost to uphold and implement it. Those not able to attend the formal reading afterwards visited the palace to sign their names, bringing the total number of signatures to 767.

The purpose of the oath was both to issue a statement of policy to be followed by the post-Tokugawa shogunate government in the Meiji period, and to offer hope of inclusion in the next regime to pro-Tokugawa domains. This second motivation was especially important in the early stages of the Restoration as a means to keep domains from joining the Tokugawa remnant in the Boshin War. Later, military victory "made it safe to begin to push court nobles and daimyō figureheads out of the way".

The promise of reform in the document initially went unfulfilled: in particular, a parliament with real power was not established until 1890, and the Meiji oligarchy from Satsuma, Chōshū, Tosa and Hizen retained political and military control well into the 20th century. In general, the Oath was purposely phrased in broad terms to minimize resistance from the daimyōs and to provide "a promise of gradualism and equity":

The Oath was reiterated as the first article of the constitution promulgated in June 1868, and the subsequent articles of that constitution expand the policies outlined in the Oath. Almost eighty years later, in the wake of the Second World War, Emperor Shōwa paid homage to the Oath and reaffirmed it as the basis of "national polity" in his Imperial Rescript on National Revitalization. The ostensible purpose of the rescript was to appease the American occupiers with a renunciation of imperial divinity, but the emperor himself saw it as a statement of the existence of democracy during the Meiji era.

title: Charter Oath