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Wyoming, Michigan

Wyoming is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 76,501 at the 2020 census. Wyoming is the second most-populated community in the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is bordered by Grand Rapids on the northeast. After Grand Rapids, it is also the second most-populated city in West Michigan.

The area was the second location in Kent County settled by European-Americans in 1832 on the edges of Buck Creek and was organized as Wyoming Township in 1848 when it was set off from the northern half of Byron Township. Through the 1800s and into the early 1900s, Wyoming served as a rural area providing goods to Grand Rapids, though with the introduction of the Grand Rapids, Holland and Chicago Railway, the township experienced suburbanization. After Grandville separated from the township in 1933 and Wyoming experienced more growth with the opening of the General Motors Stamping Division Plant, Wyoming was engaged in annexation conflicts with Grand Rapids and Grandville until the township became incorporated as the city of Wyoming in 1959.

After obtaining cityhood, Wyoming served as an entertainment and retail destination on the 28th Street corridor with the opening of Rogers Plaza and Studio 28. Into the 1980s, the quality of development in Wyoming began to falter and with the 1999 opening of RiverTown Crossings in Grandville, retail businesses in the city were upended. Development in Wyoming then shifted towards the southwest panhandle near RiverTown Crossings in the early 21st century and has continued in the area surrounding Metro Health Hospital following its opening in 2007, though General Motors closed the stamping plant two years later in 2009. Since the mid-2010s, the city has focused on redeveloping its center on 28th Street with the 28 West project as well as the 74 acre of former General Motors land, now known as Site 36.

Native American settlements
Native Americans of the Hopewellian culture inhabited the region from ca. 400 B.C. to A.D. 400. Classified as the Goodall focus, a Hopewell sub-grouping, they created a series of structures known as Norton Mound group with the mounds probably being constructed in the first century AD. Odawa tribes were established in the area near present-day Wyoming, with the village of the ogema Black Skin, natively known as Muck-i-ta-oska or Mukatasha, ranging from the southwest present-day Grand Rapids to the Grand River across from the Norton Mound group, with the mouth of the Black Skin Creek leading into the Grand River across from the mounds. Where what is now Grandville, Michigan, a prairie existed west of Wyoming where up to ten native families under the ogema As-to-quet, who was friendly with early settlers in the area, held planting grounds.

Little Prairie settlement
In the late 1700s, French fur traders traversed the Grand River Valley. Lucius Lyon, a Yankee Protestant, was contracted by the federal government to survey the Grand River Valley in the fall of 1830 and in the first quarter of 1831, the federal survey of the Northwest Territory reached the Grand River, setting the boundaries for Kent County, named after prominent New York jurist James Kent. Lyon would also survey "Township Nº VI West, Range Nº XII North", which would become Wyoming. The area that is now the city of Wyoming was the second location settled by European-Americans in Kent County. Robert Howlett, Luther Lincoln, Amos Gordon and Stephen Tucker were some of the first settlers in the fall of 1832. Gordon left Wayne County, Michigan to arrive at the mission in Grand Rapids to build the first mill at Indian Mill Creek, later leading a scouting group of Howlett, Lincoln and Tucker in birch canoes down the Grand River in the summer of 1832. The group found Buck Creek emptying into the Grand, determining the creek was strong enough for a mill, with many of Wyoming's first settlers establishing themselves near the creek.

Lincoln built the first log shanty in the area in the fall of 1832 and began to prepare his plot with livestock and crops before the winter. Lincoln and Tucker would stay at the mission through the winter; Tucker and Native Americans later constructed the first established house for his family in March 1833. Lincoln's cabin, however, was built in close proximity to the Norton Mounds and was likely burned down by Odawa natives according to settler Roswell Britton. The first settlers had a successful harvest, constructing gristmills and sawmills on Buck Creek in a year in 1833 and by April 1834, a community called "Little Prairie" had been established. On May 24, 1834, the first post office was established at Little Prairie. In 1835, competing lumber mills on Buck Creek that supplied wood to Chicago – one owned by Albert and John Bull and the other by Nathanial Brown – starved the water flow to Gordon's mill, resulting with Gordon building a new mill on what is now the southwest corner of 44th Street and Burlingame Avenue. Through the 1800s, Wyoming would primarily remain an agricultural location and its development occurred near transportation routes in the region.

Byron Township (1836–1848)
The boundaries of Township 5 North, Range 12 West and Township 6 North, Range 12 West, surveyed by Lyon, were consolidated and designated to be organized as Byron Township in 1835 by the Michigan Territorial Legislature. In late 1835, the first wedding occurred between Sylvester Hills and Harriet Burton. The town was first organized as Byron Township on May 2, 1836, was called "Oakesville" as it was headquartered at the home of Charles H. Oakes, though when Oakes moved to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, the name was changed to Grandville. It was this year that one of Wyoming's most notable pioneers, Justus Charles Rogers, established his homestead on what is now the southwest corner of 28th Street and Clyde Park Avenue. A framed house was constructed by Rogers in the spring of 1836 and was expected to accept his wife upon their return, though the home was discovered destroyed by a tornado in September 1836 when they returned.

The following year in 1837, the launch of the pole boat propelled by a quant, the Cinderella, was celebrated as a major development for the town. The first story of what would become Rogers Mansion was then constructed in 1837, with the second story being finished in 1839. For three weeks, settlers had to live without flour and late in the year, the first metal casting occurred at the Jame McCray foundry. In 1839, the township's final land patents south of the Grand River were issued for plots near the salt springs adjacent to the Norton Mounds and Section 16. Plaster Creek first powered plaster operations in the township in 1841 on land leased by Daniel Ball from De Garmo Jones. In May 1843, Gordon died in Plainfield Township, Michigan.

Wyoming Township (1848–1959)
On April 3, 1848, the 72 sqmi township of Byron divided in half during, with the name of Wyoming being used for the northern 36 sqmi portion where the majority of the population was settled. with many settling near Buck Creek. At the time of division, about 500 people lived in Wyoming while a little less than 200 lived in Byron. The name came from the Wyoming County, New York from which the majority of the residents came during the first 16 years. During the Great Famine in Ireland, Irish immigrants began to appear in Wyoming in 1849, with the Whalen family being among the first Irish families in the township. Michael Avenue is named after Michael Whalen. Dutch immigrants arrived in greater numbers and created agricultural cooperatives on smaller parcels of land, creating closed groups among themselves. In 1850, the population of Wyoming Township was counted at 543 people. At the time, Dutch and Irish immigrants were scapegoated for the prevalence of "Michigan ague," or malaria, which had begun affecting the area.

Fisher's Station
David Fisher arrived in Wyoming in 1857 and acquired land from Gordon's estate, replacing Gordon's old Buck Creek mill, which had burned down, and built a replacement. Fisher would then construct cabins along the west side of Burlingame Avenue which housed Fisher and the millers he employed. Operations for Fisher would expand further south on Buck Creek where he would extract lime and peat, later building a second mill on a plot of land he purchased from William Ferry in the southeast portion of the township. In 1869 a station on the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad was constructed and in 1870, Fisher had a town platted called "Fisher's Station," which would develop around the railroad station. A post office was constructed in 1871 and the area was platted in December 1873. The population of Wyoming Township grew to 2,008 in 1874 while the population of Fisher's Station was 65 in 1888. Fisher, along with his brother and business partner James, would retire in Grand Rapids and lived as wealthy men for the rest of their lives. During the township's early history, the then rural community would often produce agricultural goods and travel to Grand Rapids to sell their products.

Suburban growth
Gypsum mines in northeast Wyoming along Plaster Creek operated for decades and became more refined in 1880 when the Alabastine Company acquired much of the gypsum, later opening the Alabastine Mine in 1907. Wyoming Township began to grow as a suburb of Grand Rapids in 1890 with its next major area of development occurring in the northeast section of the township closest to Grand Rapids with much of the city's population moving southward in the early 1900s. The City of Grand Rapids started annexing portions of the township and by 1891 had annexed one square mile (1 mi2) of the city from Division to Clyde Park and from Hall to Burton. In 1902, the Grand Rapids, Holland and Chicago Railway promoted the creation of more plats in the Galewood, Urbandale and Burlingame (GUB) neighborhoods, with the railway providing transportation to downtown Grand Rapids in fifteen minutes. From 1890 to 1906, thirty-two plats were in the GUB neighborhoods with communities bordering Grand Rapids developing into suburban areas where Dutch Americans predominately resided. In the GUB area, the Christian Reformed Church expanded with its Dutch churchgoers. Another section of Wyoming was annexed by Grand Rapids in 1916 that involved the half-mile from Burton to Alger and from Clyde Park to Division.

The growth of Wyoming saw the emergence of profitable businesses there, including the Leonard Refrigerator Company, the Pierre Marquette railroad car repair shop and gypsum mines. Gravel pits operated by Grand Rapids Gravel Company lined the western side of present-day Byron Center Avenue from 28th Street (then Beales Road) in the south to the north near Lamar Park – its nearby lakes being former pits – also provided jobs and gravel for roads in the expanding township. With the United States entering World War I, the federal government began construction of a picric acid factory on the west side of 44th Street and Clyde Park Avenue, employing thousands of people in the area and attracting others after rumors of an airplane factory on the site were spread, though construction would end following the Armistice of 11 November 1918. In the late 1910s and early 1920s in the GUB neighborhood, Hackett and later Lorraine automobiles were manufactured at a factory on Beverly and Burlingame Avenues.

Into the 1920s, Wyoming saw its population nearly triple, experiencing its period of largest growth, with city officials accustomed to rural affairs being overwhelmed with new developments, taking on tasks and issues as they occurred. Farmers in Wyoming began to sell their farms for development as prices for their produce declined, with farming families either assuming jobs in Grand Rapids or leaving the area. Since Wyoming did not have adequate zoning regulations like neighboring Grand Rapids, land speculators began the platting of small, cheap residential properties, especially the neighborhoods of Godwin Heights, Home Acres, Wyoming Park and along Division Avenue, with plat proposals occurring during every town meeting at the time. Materials from the cancelled picric acid plant were taken and used to construct some of these cheap houses, which had tarpaper roofs and lacked basements. The construction of these affordable home developments in Wyoming provided a cheap workforce for Grand Rapids. Citizens already established in the Grand Rapids and Wyoming area deplored the new residents who moved to the Home Acres and Division corridor, referring to the area as "Shanty Town" and as a place of crime. White Protestants in Wyoming also prevented African Americans from residing in the township, engaging in housing segregation and redlining, with some sales agreements explicitly stating that a property "shall never be occupied by a negro," extending such agreements to second parties, heirs and others. As a result of suburbanization the population of Wyoming had grown about 200% between 1920 and 1930, from 5,702 to 16,931 and the unorganized zoning of the township would cause issues for Wyoming throughout its future.

With Wyoming developing at such a rapid pace, the Grand Rapids city officials and affiliated business leaders attempted to deter the development of industry in Wyoming, fearing that Grand Rapids would lose skilled workers and wages would increase. One major incident of Grand Rapids preventing industrial development in Wyoming occurred in the early 1920s when Ford Motor Company attempted to purchase the unfinished picric acid factory that was being constructed during World War I. Kendall Furniture quickly purchased the property before Ford could acquire the site, later selling the property to repay back taxes.

Great Depression and General Motors
As the Great Depression affected the world's economy in the 1930s, Grand Rapids saw little industrial development as there was no demand for luxury furniture, the city's main economic product. During the economic depression, the cheap furniture laborers residing in Wyoming were laid off and at least twenty-five percent of citizens were unemployed. Wyoming teachers took a 45% pay cut and children had to share textbooks in school. A poor fund was established in 1931, though by September 1932, the $44,000 collected – the – was insufficient for the project. Small construction projects by the Township provided some funds for residents, though they were only temporary measures, with tax deadline extensions from the Township becoming common throughout the Great Depression as individuals could not afford to pay taxes. By mid-1933, about 20% of Wyoming's workforce was unemployed.

During the depression, many residents of Wyoming grew disillusioned with the existing unchecked capitalism, small government practices and the laissez-faire economic system that relied on local governments, churches and charities to provide the care for citizens. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal and federal social welfare programs – including the Civil Works Administration, Public Works Administration and Federal Emergency Relief Administration – to the United States, city residents strongly approved of these actions by his government. It was reported that men in Wyoming were grateful and wept when they were told that they would have a job for the first time in years as a result of Roosevelt's welfare programs. Roosevelt's program helped Wyoming pay workers to construct new bridges, parks, roads, schools and sewers, with Ideal Park, Johnson Park and the first township office being constructed with federal funding. Former Mayor of Grand Rapids George P. Tilma was elected supervisor of Wyoming Township in 1932 and was tasked with modernizing the developing suburban community from a rural town system. In 1933, Grandville was separated from Wyoming and was established as its own city. In the winter of 1933, Tilma was also able to circumvent the Emergency Banking Act in a technicality to purchase 555 tons of coal that was distributed to the poor to heat their homes. General Motors sought to construct a new facility in Grand Rapids, though there were no areas for development or future expansions, so the cities of Grand Rapids and Wyoming collaborated to have General Motors purchase land in Wyoming while Grand Rapids supplied utilities to the site. Tilma's expertise was instrumental in both secretly negotiating with Grand Rapids on utility work and with obtaining approval of the site by General Motors. The General Motors plant began construction on January 22, 1936, and Roosevelt's New Deal funding helped construct the sewer and water system for the factory. The first enrollment date for employees on April 6, 1936, saw a line of workers spanning nearly 1.5 mi from the factory's entrance west of Buchanan Avenue and 36th Street, east to Division Avenue and then north 1 mi to 28th Street, with the first metal stamps were shipped from the factory on June 1, 1936.

Following the construction of the General Motors stamping plant, development on Division Avenue increased extensively, with a new Kelloggsville High School being opened in September 1936 and a new Godwin Heights High School being approved in January 1937. Supervisor Tilma died suddenly in his office in April 1937 with his death being attributed to an intracerebral hemorrhage. As World War II began, Reynolds Metals opened a plant in the township that was initially to develop airplane material in 1942.

Post-war growth, push towards cityhood
Following World War II, Wyoming developed so rapidly that mobile homes began to appear on vacant properties throughout the city, with an ordinance being passed in 1947 to prevent this. In 1946, General Motors Diesel Equipment Division, which was later known as Delphi Automotive and today known as GM Components Holdings, began operations in an area of 45 acres that was former swampland which was drained for a muck farm.

As Wyoming moved towards cityhood, the Township purchased 5 acres of land from Judy Devine in December 1947 on the northeast corner of 28th Street and DeHoop Avenue, establishing the area as the town center of Wyoming due to the increased development on 28th Street. A year later in 1948, Lake Alexander was drained and converted into what is now Jackson Park. In May 1948, a committee was created by the Township which recommended incorporating Wyoming into a city. As Wyoming pursued incorporation, Grand Rapids increased annexation attempts, with the annexation of GUB being defeated in April 1949.

The 1950s was the decade of Wyoming's fastest development, with homes developing so quickly that the Township experienced difficulties providing proper utilities to homes. Multiple wells were drilled throughout the area to provide water to the developing community after the water supply from Grand Rapids was discontinued, temporarily sparking political controversy surrounding water supplies. The Township board approved a route for U.S. Route 131 through Wyoming in July 1952 and 28th Street was widened from two to four lanes shortly after. In August 1956, a vote for incorporation into a city was narrowly defeated and the Ivanrest area was annexed by Grandville. Rogers Department Store, one of the largest department stores in Michigan at the time, opened on 28th Street in 1955. On November 6, 1958, voters approved the incorporation of Wyoming into a city.

Entertainment and retail destination
In the 1960s, the city was able to launch several projects. The first was a sewage plant to take care of issues from the state in regards to dumping it in the Buck Creek and Grand River. The next was the completion of the Water Plant in Holland with a pipeline to the city.

New developments occurred over the decade on 28th Street, with free vehicle parking drawing some shoppers away from Grand Rapids. One major project was Rogers Plaza, which opened in August 1961 as the first indoor shopping mall in Michigan and one of the first in the United States, including stores such as S. S. Kresge, W. T. Grant, Kroger, A&P, Cunningham Drug and Montgomery Ward. The neighboring Wyoming Village Mall opened later in 1961 and was anchored by Wurzburg's. Flowerland Fruitbasket also opened in 1961 providing lawn care tools, flowers and outdoor furniture for the developing suburban homes. Gordon Food Service moved from Grand Rapids to Wyoming in 1962. Three annexation attempts by Grand Rapids were also defeated in that year: the Kent County Airport, the Blackburn neighborhood and Buchanan neighborhood.

Studio 28 opened on the 28th Street corridor in 1965 and expanded in size over decades into the world's first multiplex and the largest multiplex in the world in 1988. In July 1966, the Lake Michigan pipeline to Wyoming began to supply water to the city, a major accomplishment after years of difficulties with low-quality wells. By the end of the decade, the city faced fund shortages and multiple income tax proposals were turned down. Wyoming began to establish many municipal facilities in the 1970s, including a public works building, a centralized fire station, a combined Police-Justice building and a new public library. By the 1980s, the city became concerned about the quality of developments, with adult bookstores and massage parlors appearing. In 1990, Reynolds Metals closed their operations in the city.

Great Recession and redevelopment
After over a decade of negotiations with the City of Grandville, including a promise by the developer to not build into Wyoming, Rivertown Crossings Mall opened in 1999 near the southwest border of Wyoming, many commercial tenants left the 28th Street corridor. In response, Wyoming unveiled a redevelopment plan for their city center that they hoped would revitalize businesses on the 28th Street corridor. For Rogers Plaza, the exterior was remodel and the former Montgomery Ward anchor store was demolished and replaced with a Family Fare supermarket. A street was also planned to stretch from Rogers Plaza across Michael Avenue to Wyoming Village Mall and further down to Studio 28, with commercial and apartment developments anticipated. The owners of Wyoming Village Mall ultimately disagreed with plans to tear down a portion of their building to develop the street.

In October 2003, the Delphi Automotive plant on Burlingame Avenue and Burton Street notified neighbors in the area that vinyl chloride had spread to the groundwater about 0.5 mi to the north following the plant's use of trichloroethylene as a degreaser, with traces of the chemical detected since the 1980s. The once-popular Rogers Department Store closed in 2003. More business was lost in the late-2000s into the 2010s during the great recession, with the GM Fisher Body Plant closing in 2009 due to budget cuts by General Motors. Much of the commercial atmosphere of 28th Street also dwindled, with Studio 28 closing in 2008 and vacancy rates up to nearly 40% in 2011.

In the mid-2010s, development spread to southern Wyoming. Gordon Foods expanded its headquarters in 2012 and development occurred near the recently built Metro Health Hospital. The 28 West plan was also initiated to make 28th Street a more pedestrian-friendly corridor while also centralizing the development of food, retail and entertainment projects in the city's center, effectively creating a downtown area. 28 West Place Street, a street similar to Wyoming's 2002 proposal, was approved by the City and Wyoming Mall's owners in 2016, opening to the public in October 2017. In 2019, Magnus Capital Partners was approved to construct apartments, named HOM Flats at 28 West, with the first residents moving into their homes in early 2020.

In 2022, Franklin Partners purchased the former land of the General Motors plant, known as Site 36, from the City of Wyoming for $5.25 million and was in development discussions with four local companies and a few entities based outside of Michigan.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.95 sqmi, of which 24.74 sqmi is land and 0.22 sqmi (0.88%) is water.

The city is situated southwest of Grand Rapids and south of the Grand River. Buck Creek spans the city and created a valley of dark loam soil that was used historically for farming, while elevated land above the valley is dense clay soil. In the northern area of Wyoming just south of the Grand River, pockets of gravel and gypsum also exist. Some areas in Wyoming had caverns and sinkholes in the past, possibly created by water pockets eroding limestone and sandstone, though most of these features have likely collapsed due to their instability.

Major highways

 * runs along the northwestern edge of the city.
 * passes briefly through the northwest corner of the city.
 * runs north–south through the center of the city.
 * runs along a small portion of the southern edge of the city.
 * runs west–east through the center of the city.

Economy
As of the 2000 census, there are presently 10 types of industries in the city. Manufacturing accounts for 30%, retail 16%, education, health, and social services 15%, with the next five industries accounting for 6%, and transportation, warehousing, utilities accounting for 3% of business in the city. The manufacturing segment is unique in that it is the largest in West Michigan. It currently produces auto parts, industrial machinery, commercial printing, plastics, food processing, electronics, tool and dies, concrete supplies, and fire engines.

After Grandville allowed development of a new 6-anchor shopping complex, Rivertown Crossings Mall, and the related development, many major retail businesses in Wyoming folded, including the long-standing Roger's Department Store, its successor, and most tenants of Rogers Plaza. The city of Wyoming formed a Downtown Development Authority in an effort to help support the city in keeping businesses in the area in 1999.

In the 2000s, plans were being made to revitalize the 28th Street corridor. In 2013, the City of Wyoming introduced the 28 West plan, a plan to develop downtown Wyoming along 28th Street into a more pedestrian friendly environment that will provide food, retail and entertainment. In June 2016, plans began moving forward on the 28 West plan with the demolition of part of the Wyoming Village Mall and the creation of a new road through the surrounding parking lots to attract developers.

Largest employers
According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are:

Arts and culture
The city has 21 parks that cover about 665 acre which offer a multitude of activities. The parks department has been active in the past decade in redeveloping the parks in the city. Many parks have been rebuilt which included adding new equipment, splash pads, and facilities. They have also added a few new facilities such as a small skateboard park near one of the highest density areas of the city. The city also offers a Senior Center that provides activities for the older citizens of the city and the surrounding region. Along with the parks is the Kent Trails system that converted abandoned rail lines to bike paths. It is a collaborative effort between multiple local governments. The most recent addition to the Wyoming Park System is the Dog Park located next to Marquette Park at the very northern edge of the city. It is a privately funded park with access controls to restrict usage to registered members.

In 2002, the new Wyoming Public Library was built and is owned by the city but run by the Kent District Library System. It is a 48950 sqft facility with over 112,046 items. The library branch is also the highest attended in the Kent District system with 670,842 items checked out and 439,599 visits in 2009. The library currently has around 76% of the population holding a card to use the facility. The building houses the Wyoming Historical Commission that holds historical materials of the city. Along with Historical Commission room, it houses the library for the blind and an art gallery.

Starting in 2005, the Wyoming-Kentwood Chamber of Commerce put together the 28th Street Metro Cruise that draws in automobile enthusiasts from the region. It currently spans 15 mi from its start in Grandville at Wilson and 28th where drivers gather and drive to the cruise's end in Cascade Township. The cruise runs on Friday and Saturday on the last weekend of August.

Religion
Christian Reformed Dutch settlers established the first churches in Wyoming, with Grandville Avenue Christian Reformed Church being founded in 1891, with the church now being part of The Potter's House school. Holy Name of Jesus Catholic Church was created in 1908, serving as the place of worship for Roman Catholics in Wyoming. The Episcopal population established the Holy Trinity Episcopal Church at the site of a former chicken coop in 1957. The Assemblies of God established a church in 1929 and moved to their current location on 44th Street in 1977, with the facility being able to seat 1,400 people.

Demographics
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a population of 76,510 people, the racial makeup of the city was 59.7% Non-Hispanic White, 10.1% Black or African American, 2.7% Asian, 1.3% Native American, and 12.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 24.1% of the population.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 72,125 people, 26,970 households, and 18,128 families residing in the city. The population density was 2927.2 PD/sqmi. There were 28,983 housing units at an average density of 1176.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 75.8% White, 7.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 9.6% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.4% of the population.

There were 26,970 households, of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.8% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.22.

The median age in the city was 32.1 years. 27.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.9% were from 25 to 44; 23.5% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 69,368 people, 26,536 households, and 17,540 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,840.1 PD/sqmi. There were 27,506 housing units at an average density of 1,126.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.32% White, 4.85% African American, 0.59% Native American, 2.92% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 4.70% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.66% of the population.

There were 26,536 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $43,164, and the median income for a family was $50,002. Males had a median income of $35,772 versus $25,482 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,287. About 5.1% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The city has a council-manager government with both an elected mayor and an appointed city manager. Currently, Kent Vanderwood serves as Wyoming's mayor after defeating Sam Bolt and Cliff Tompkins in the 2022 election. The city council is composed of six members: three at-large and a representative from each of the three wards. The current council members are: John Fitzgerald, Renee Hill, Robert Arnoys, Sheldon DeKryger (1st Ward), Marissa Postler (2nd Ward), and Rob Postema (Mayor Pro-Tem). Meetings are held at the City Hall on the first and third Mondays of every month. Work sessions are held the second Monday of each month.

Politics
The first documentation of political parties in Wyoming was during the 1894 United States elections, with the majority of votes in the city supporting the Republican Party. Wyoming used a caucus election system that was frequently plagued with ballot stuffing until the Township switched to a primary election system in 1928. Republican support was strong in Wyoming until the Great Depression when Democratic Party candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President of the United States in the 1932 United States presidential election. Prior to this, only Republican candidates would run for office in Wyoming, though in 1933 elections, members of the Communist Party USA and Democrats entered as candidates, with one Democrat being elected into local office. The Communist Party would make its last run for local office in 1935. In 1937, voters in then Wyoming Township elected its first Democratic supervisor, Herman Wierenga. In Wyoming's 1954 elections, citizens voted Democrats into every office, with the Democratic Party maintaining a strong position in the city since then.

Following the 2020 United States presidential election, MLive reported in 2022 that mayor-elect Kent Vanderwood was included among a Michigan contingent of Republicans allegedly involved in the Trump fake electors plot, reportedly organized as one of the attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election in favor of incumbent President Donald Trump. In January 2023, former member of the Michigan House of Representatives, Tommy Brann, was appointed by the city council to be council-member-at-large. On July 18, 2023, Mayor Kent Vanderwood, along with 15 other people statewide, was indicted by the Michigan Attorney General for his role in the 2020 fake electors plot.

Public safety
On September 30, 2007, Metro Health Hospital moved from southeast Grand Rapids to its current location on the south central section of Wyoming. Spectrum Health and St. Mary's also have urgent care centers located in Wyoming with their hospitals located in downtown Grand Rapids.

The Wyoming Police Department has over eighty sworn police officers serving as of 2013. In 2014, Wyoming Police Department and Wyoming Fire Department amalgamated their administrative offices into the Police Headquarters building, creating the new entity of Wyoming Department of Public Safety.

Education
Currently the city is served by 8 school districts. The southwest panhandle is served by Grandville Public Schools, the south extension of the city near Metro Health is served by Byron Center Public Schools, the central part is served by Wyoming Public Schools, the southeast is served by Kelloggsville Public Schools, the area south of 56th St and east of the railroad tracks is served by Kentwood Public Schools, a small annexed section near Hall St and Freeman Avenue is served by Grand Rapids Public Schools, the northeast is served by Godwin Heights Public Schools, and finally the northern section of the city is served by Godfrey-Lee Public Schools.

Of the eight districts only four do not have the majority of the buildings in the city. Grand Rapids Public Schools, Kentwood Public Schools and Byron Center Public Schools do not have any schools in the City of Wyoming; Grandville Public Schools has most of its schools outside of the Wyoming city limits. The remaining four districts do have many schools in the Wyoming city limits: 13 elementary schools, 3 out of 13 middle schools, 4 out of 8 high schools, with Godfrey-Lee having a combination middle high school located in the city.

The Potter's House, a Christian K-12 school, maintains its high school campus in Wyoming. Holy Trinity Lutheran School is a Pre-K-8 grade school of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Wyoming. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids has two K-8 schools, St John Vianney School and San Juan Diego Academy.

For higher education the city is served by Grand Rapids Community College in downtown Grand Rapids. In Allendale, northwest of the city, there is Grand Valley State University. Further universities can be found in Lansing, Big Rapids, and Kalamazoo. Also located in the immediate area is Hope College in Holland, Davenport University in Caledonia Township, Calvin College on the east side of Grand Rapids, Aquinas College also on the east side of Grand Rapids, Cornerstone University on the northeast side of Grand Rapids, along with Grace Bible College. The Protestant Reformed Theological Seminary is located in 4949 West Ivanrest Ave Wyoming, Michigan.

Public transit
The city is part of the Grand Rapids-based Interurban Transit Partnership, called The Rapid. It currently runs Routes 1, 3, 8, 10, 16, 24, 28, and 44 in the city of Wyoming; that is 8 out of the system's 26 routes. Currently the U.S. Department of Transportation is funding a good portion of a new transit system for the area. It will run along Division Avenue on the east side of the city from its southernmost point to the downtown. It is a bus rapid transit system with only 5 projected stations on the route inside of the city. The new line will be run by The Rapid.

Utilities
Currently the city provides water and sewer to the majority of the citizens. Electricity is supplied by Consumers Energy with natural gas nominally supplied by DTE Energy. Garbage service is supplied by individual contractors to homeowners and by law they are required to use the county incinerator, although the city does provide a yard waste drop off center. For both phone and cable, service is supported by both AT&T and Comcast. Cell phone carriers are on the whole fully supported with a number of towers.

Notable people

 * Chris Kaman, professional basketball player
 * Buster Mathis, professional boxer
 * Buster Mathis Jr., professional boxer
 * Drew Neitzel, professional basketball player
 * Dave Rozema, former baseball pitcher

title: Wyoming, Michigan


text:
Ahmeek, Michigan

Ahmeek is a village in Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The village is located within Allouez Township. The population was 127 at the 2020 census. At 0.07 sqmi, it is the smallest municipality in Michigan by land area, and is the only incorporated municipality in Keweenaw County.

History
The name Ahmeek is derived from the Ojibwe (Chippewa) language. The village takes its name from the Ojibwe word, amik, which means "Beaver", and it was named so because of an abundance of beavers in the vicinity of the present-day village.

The Ahmeek Mine was the most successful mine along the Kearsarge Amygdaloid Lode, which spans through Houghton and Keweenaw Counties, as well as the most profitable, and the largest producer along the lode. The Ahmeek Mine's Shafts No. 3 & 4 were also one of the most distinctive in all of the Copper Country.

Early days and founding
Mining itself in the community began around the year 1880 as the Ahmeek Mining Company began as an exploratory branch of the already-existing Seneca Mining Company to work the copper-rich Kearsarge Amygdaloid Lode. The Ahmeek Mining Company formally opened in 1903, thus becoming its own separate entity apart from the Seneca, however operations of the Ahmeek Mine under the newly independent company initially began in the year 1902. The local area grew because of its location on the Mineral Range Railroad. In 1908, the construction of the Ahmeek Mining Company Office was completed, as designed by the architect Paul Macneil. The Village of Ahmeek was founded by Joseph Bosch, the creator of the Bosch Brewing Company, in 1904. Attorney James A. Hamilton became the first postmaster of Ahmeek on February 5, 1909, the same year in which it was incorporated as a village. The village was plotted by two real estate agents from Calumet by the names of Faucett and Gunk. The two agents divided the property into lots and then sold them piece by piece. As of the year of the village's incorporation, Maurice Kenel served as the first village President of Ahmeek, having been elected March 15, 1909. The village firehall was built several years later in 1911 at a total sum of $2,925 dollars. The local Calvary Cemetery, which is also known as the Ahmeek Cemetery, was created a year later in 1912.

Industrialization
Ahmeek served as a critical stop for several transportation services, mostly around the early 20th century. It served as a depot on the Mineral Range Railroad and the Copper Range Railroad and also had a streetcar station for the Houghton County Traction Company, which ran south from Houghton up to Ahmeek, and on north towards Mohawk. The Streetcar Station was completed in the year 1909 and operated under the Houghton County Traction Company until the year 1932, when it served other purposes, such as a bus stop.

Copper Country Strike of 1913–1914
During the watershed moment that was the great Copper Country Strike of 1913–14, Ahmeek was the scene of regular tension and division in the Keweenaw, a key instance being on or about October 6, 1913, when Guy Wilkins, a clerk at the Ahmeek Mine supply office, was assaulted and shot after being confronted by a rogue mob. The strike was the culmination of extensive labour unrest in the area, fueled in large part by unethical treatment by mining companies. The strike brought the once-tranquil and calm Copper Country to violence, from which it would ultimately not recover. Ahmeek, in particular, saw striking miners fire upon a trainload of hired professional strikebreakers engaged by the mining companies, as well as the detonation of an Ahmeek Mine smokestack. Despite local officials' complaints about the lack of law and order, Judge Patrick Henry O'Brien, who presided over cases related to the violence, ruled that while the strikers were, indeed, in violation of the law, the mining companies themselves had hardly done anything to lessen the tension and had, instead, acted in ways only increasing "the bitterness and hostility" of the situation.

Later years
The Ahmeek Mining Company continued to work the Kearsarge lode through the Ahmeek Mine until the year 1923, when the mining company was incorporated into the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company. Operations of the site under the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company ceased in 1931 under effects of the Great Depression. After the Depression had concluded, the Ahmeek Mine reopened in the year 1936 and carried on until around 1966 when the mine closed permanently. On April 30, 1971, Gabriel J. Chopp, retired after thirty-nine years serving as Ahmeek's postmaster, thus making him the longest-serving postmaster of the village of Ahmeek, the only incorporated settlement in Keweenaw County.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.068 sqmi, or 42.52 acres, all land.

Attractions

 * The Gabriel J. Chopp Park, which is located within the village.
 * The historic Houghton County Traction Company streetcar station in Ahmeek, a federally-recognised historic site where you can now spend the night.
 * The Ahmeek Ice Rink and its adjacent playground on School Street.
 * The Keweenaw Handicraft Shop, a regional home goods store.
 * The ruins and leftover buildings of the Ahmeek Mine, including the Mine Office, the No. 2 Shaft of the Ahmeek Mine, as well as the Boiler house, dry house, Hoist house, and shaft of the Ahmeek Mine's No. 3 & 4 workings may be explored.
 * The Lower Falls of the Gratiot River is an area tourist attraction about 3.5 miles southwest of Ahmeek.
 * The Sand Hills Light, the last staffed lighthouse on the Great Lakes.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 157 people, 82 households, and 36 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,237.9 PD/sqmi. There were 120 housing units at an average density of 1,710.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.82% White, 0.64% Asian, and 2.55% from two or more races. 29.1% were of Finnish, 19.6% Italian, 12.2% German, 12.2% English and 7.4% French ancestry. By 2010, there were 146 people, 73 households, and 38 families residing in the village. The population density was 2085.7 PD/sqmi. There were 119 housing units at an average density of 1700.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.3% White and 0.7% Native American. At the 2020 census, its population was 127.

In 2000, there were 82 households, out of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.9% were non-families. 48.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 2.84. In 2010, there were 73 households, of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.9% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.9% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.63.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 19.1% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.6 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the village was $24,231, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $21,563 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,188. About 8.3% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 5.9% of those sixty five or over. In 2010, the median age in the village was 45.7 years. 18.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.2% were from 25 to 44; 32.8% were from 45 to 64; and 18.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ahmeek, Michigan


text:
Allouez Township, Michigan

Allouez Township is a civil township of Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,428 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Allouez Township has a total area of 54.69 sqmi, of which 54.62 sqmi is land and 0.07 sqmi (0.13%) is water.

The township is in western Keweenaw County, on the northwest side of the Keweenaw Peninsula. It is bordered to the south by Calumet Charter Township in Houghton County, to the southeast by Sherman Township and to the east by Houghton Township in Keweenaw County, and to the northwest by Lake Superior. The Black Creek Nature Sanctuary is also located within the township.

Major highways

 * runs diagonally southwest–northeast through the township.
 * runs concurrently with US 41 at this point of its route through the township.

Communities

 * Ahmeek is a village within the township at 47.29833°N, -88.39722°W. It is the only incorporated municipality in Keweenaw County.
 * Allouez is an unincorporated community located along US 41 / M-26 just north of the county line with Houghton County at 47.28722°N, -88.40944°W. The community was founded in 1859 by the Allouez Mining Company to exploit the area's copper resources.  A post office in Allouez began operating on October 16, 1873.  The Allouez post office uses the 49805 ZIP Code, which serves the majority of Allouez Township and a small portion Calumet Township to the south.
 * Bumbletown is an unincorporated community located at 47.28861°N, -88.41861°W. The community is the site of a conglomerate dump from the former mining operations in the area.
 * Eagle River is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in the northern portion of the township. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Eagle River CDP only occupies a minuscule 0.01 sqmi of Allouez Township and has no residents in this portion; almost all of the community is within Houghton Township.
 * Fulton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located at 47.29889°N, -88.36°W. The community was the site of the Forsyth Mine, which operated until 1847.  The mine was operated on occasion by several other mining companies and also had a railway station along the Hancock & Calumet Railroad.
 * Mohawk is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located at 47.30389°N, -88.36472°W about 2.0 mi east of Ahmeek. The Mohawk 49950 ZIP Code serves a very large portion of the Keweenaw Peninsula extending to Copper Harbor. The ZIP Code also uses the Eagle Harbor and Eagle River destination.
 * Ojibway is an unincorporated community located within the township at 47.33944°N, -88.32778°W. The community began as a station along the K. C. Railroad near the Gratiot River.  The Ojibway Mining Company began operating in the area, and a post office operated briefly from February 15, 1908 until July 31, 1913.  The community was named after the Ojibwe, an Anishinaabe Native American group that is indigenous to the area.
 * Seneca is an unincorporated community located within the township at 47.31389°N, -88.36167°W.

Demographics
In 2000, there were 1,584 people, 710 households, and 430 families residing in the township. By 2020, its population declined to 1,428.

With a racial makeup of 98.93% non-Hispanic whites at the 2000 census, the 2020 census reported that its population has remained predominantly White American; in 2000, the remainder of its racial and ethnic makeup was 0.06% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latinos of any race were 0.19% of the population. Culturally, 44.6% were of Finnish, 8.7% German, 7.4% Italian, 6.9% English and 5.7% French ancestry at the 2000 census. According to the 2021 American Community Survey, 17.3% shared English ancestry, and the second largest group were German Americans (15.5%).

In 2000, there were 710 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families; 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.92. The 2021 census estimates determined there were 674 households, for contrast.

At the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the township was $26,500, and the median income for a family was $34,904. Males had a median income of $26,034 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,974. About 9.4% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over. At the 2021 estimates, the median household income increased to $48,594.

Education
The entire township is served by the Public Schools of Calumet located to the south in the village of Calumet in Houghton County.

title: Allouez Township, Michigan


text:
Eagle Harbor Township, Michigan

Eagle Harbor Township is a civil township of Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 217 at the 2020 census. The township is located on the Keweenaw Peninsula and also includes the southwestern portion of Isle Royale National Park.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 543.01 sqmi, of which 180.41 sqmi is land and 362.60 sqmi (66.78%) is water.

Including water area, Eagle Harbor Township is the second-largest municipality in the state by total area after McMillan Township in Luce County.

Major highways

 * runs briefly through the narrow central portion of the township.
 * runs through the township near the Lake Superior Shoreline.
 * Brockway Mountain Drive is a scenic roadway that runs through the township parallel south of M-28.

Communities

 * Copper Falls is an unincorporated community located within the township at 47.43°N, -88.19861°W. The community was settled when the Copper Falls Mine began operating in 1846.  The Arnold Mine soon absorbed the area.  The Copper Falls Mine post office began operating on September 10, 1860.  The post office was originally in Houghton County to the south until it was transferred to Keweenaw County on September 16, 1861.  The post office closed on February 15, 1916.
 * Eagle Harbor is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located within the township at 47.45833°N, -88.16222°W.
 * Nepco Camp Number 7 is an unincorporated community along the Montreal River within the township at 47.40333°N, -88.14444°W.
 * Windigo is an unincorporated community located at the southwestern end of Isle Royale at 47.91194°N, -89.15667°W. It was settled around the Windigo Mine, which was an unsuccessful operation owned by the Wendigo Mining Company from 1890 to 1892.  The name was derived from the Wendigo, which was a mythological cannibal that was feared by the local Indians.  Windigo is now part of Isle Royale National Park and contains a visitor center, amenities, and seasonal tourism services.

Demographics
In 2000, there were 281 people, 122 households, and 81 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.6 PD/sqmi. There were 488 housing units at an average density of 2.7 /sqmi. Since the 2020 census, its population declined to 217.

According to the 2000 census, the racial and ethnic makeup of the township was 96.09% White, 2.14% African American, 0.36% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latino Americans of any race were 1.42% of the population. Among its population, 22.6% were of German, 21.8% English, 15.2% Polish, 11.1% Irish and 5.8% French ancestry. At the 2021 American Community Survey, 40.2% were of English, 37.7% German, 5.9% Irish, 5.2% Italian, and 4.2% French ancestry.

In 2000, there were 122 households, out of which 4.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.82 and the average family size was 2.17.

The median income for a household in the township was $38,000, and the median income for a family was $46,250 in 2000. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $22,292 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,091. None of the families and 3.6% of the population were living below the poverty line. According to 2021 census estimates, the median income for a household in the township was $85,833. Families had a median income of $125,625; married-couple families $127,500; and non-family households $36,964.

Education
The entire township is served by the Public Schools of Calumet located to the southwest in the village of Calumet in Houghton County.

title: Eagle Harbor Township, Michigan


text:
Grant Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan

Grant Township is a civil township of Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 275 at the 2020 census. Grant Township is one of the most isolated municipalities in Michigan, as it forms the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula, which projects into Lake Superior.

History
Grant Township was one of the original townships of Keweenaw County, which was organized in 1861. At the time, Grant Township occupied a much smaller centralized area of the county. The township soon expanded and absorbed the townships of Sibley and Copper Harbor, which are now defunct but can be seen on an 1873 map of Keweenaw County.

The Keweenaw Rocket Range, located within the township at the easternmost tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula, was used by NASA as a rocket launch site from 1964 until 1971.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 202.73 sqmi, of which 119.20 sqmi is land and 83.53 sqmi (41.20%) is water.

Grant Township is located at the northern end of the Keweenaw Peninsula along Lake Superior, and the township has the northernmost point of mainland in the state of Michigan. The township contains Fort Wilkins Historic State Park, and the community of Copper Harbor also provides the main ferry access to Isle Royale National Park via the Isle Royale Queen IV. The Montreal River flows through the township, and the township contains numerous lakes, most notably Lac La Belle, Lake Fanny Hooe, and a part of Lake Gratiot.

There are several lighthouses located within Grant Township, including Copper Harbor Light (and Copper Harbor Front Range Light), Gull Rock Light Station, Manitou Island Light Station, and Mendota (Bete Grise) Light. The township includes three islands: Gull Rock, Manitou Island, and Porters Island.

Major highways

 * is a lengthy U.S. Highway that has its northern terminus within the township.
 * is a state highway that briefly enters the northwest corner of the township before having its northern terminus at US 41 in Copper Harbor.
 * Brockway Mountain Drive is a scenic roadway that briefly enters the western edge of the township before ending at M-26 in Copper Harbor.

Communities

 * Bete Grise is an unincorporated community located within the township at 47.38889°N, -87.955°W. It is also the center of the Bete Grise Nature Preserve.
 * Betsy is an unincorporated community at the south end of the township at 47.29694°N, -88.05833°W.
 * Copper Harbor is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located at the northern end of the township at 47.46889°N, -87.88833°W. It is the northernmost community in the state with a year-round population.
 * Delaware is an unincorporated community in the western portion of the township along U.S. Route 41 at 47.42111°N, -88.09583°W.
 * Lac La Belle is an unincorporated community located at 47.38444°N, -88.01861°W. It is located along the lake of the same name, which is part of the Little Gratiot River.
 * Mandan is an unincorporated community located along U.S. Route 41 at 47.425°N, -88.01556°W.
 * Wyoming is an unincorporated community located along the Montreal River at 47.41778°N, -88.0825°W. Wyoming was platted in 1862 on the site of an old stamping mill.

Demographics
According to the census of 2000, there were 172 people, 87 households, and 52 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.4 PD/sqmi. There were 480 housing units at an average density of 4.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.84% White, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population. 38.5% were of Finnish, 8.5% German, 7.7% French, 6.2% Irish and 5.4% Scots-Irish ancestry.

There were 87 households, out of which 12.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 2.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98 and the average family size was 2.48.

In the township the population was spread out, with 11.6% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 14.5% from 25 to 44, 43.6% from 45 to 64, and 26.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $34,464, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $27,917 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,336. About 11.4% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 7.0% of those 65 or over.

Education
The entire township is served conterminously by its own public school district, the Grant Township School District Number 2. The district operates a single one-room schoolhouse, Copper Harbor School, which serves students from kindergarten to eighth grade. The school was established in 1850 and continues to operate a small school with a very small student population. It is one of the smallest districts by enrollment in the state, as it recorded only 10 students for the 2020–21 school year with one teacher.

Recreation

 * Brockway Mountain Drive, a historic scenic route that runs briefly through the western edge of the township
 * Copper Harbor Cemetery, a historic cemetery dating back to 1853
 * Copper Harbor Light, an active lighthouse first built in 1848
 * Fort Wilkins, a deactivated military base that operated from 1844 to 1870
 * Gull Rock Light Station, an active lighthouse first activated in 1867
 * Keweenaw Mountain Lodge and Golf Course Complex, a resort complex built during the Great Depression
 * Manitou Island Light Station, an active lighthouse dating back to 1850
 * US 41–Fanny Hooe Creek Bridge, a bridge built along U.S. Route 41 in 1928


text:
Houghton Township, Michigan

Houghton Township is a civil township of Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 72 at the 2020 census.

The township consists of a mainland portion of the Keweenaw Peninsula and the county seat of Eagle River, as well as the unpopulated northeast portion of Isle Royale National Park.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 517.42 sqmi, of which 120.72 sqmi is land and 396.70 sqmi (76.67%) is water.

Due to its surrounding water boundaries, it ranks as the third-largest municipality by total area after McMillan Township and Eagle Harbor Township, although Houghton Township has the largest water boundaries of any municipalities in the state.

Major highways

 * runs west–east through the central portion of the township.
 * enters the township concurrently with US 41 until it branches off to the north in Phoenix.

Communities

 * Central is an unincorporated community located within the township at 47.40722°N, -88.20056°W. This settlement developed around the successful Central Mine, which began operating in 1854. A post office named Central Mine opened on December 8, 1871, in what was then part of Sherman Township, as seen in an 1873 map of Keweenaw County. The name changed to Centralmine on June 30, 1894, and was disestablished on September 15, 1904. The mine itself closed in 1894.
 * Eagle Nest is an unincorporated community located just southeast of Eagle River at 47.4075°N, -88.2775°W.
 * Eagle River is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located along Lake Superior at 47.41389°N, -88.29556°W. It is also the county seat of Keweenaw County.
 * Phoenix is an unincorporated community located at the junction of U.S. Route 41 and M-26 at 47.38889°N, -88.2775°W.
 * Rock Harbor Lodge is a seasonal unincorporated community located on Isle Royale at 48.14583°N, -88.48361°W. It is the main access point for visitors to the national park and is also the northernmost community in the state, although it is uninhabited during the colder months.
 * Vaughsville is an unincorporated community located in the western portion of the township along US 41 / M-27 at 47.38139°N, -88.29583°W. The area was first settled by Joel Vaugh, who bought land here in 1849. He platted the village, but the settlement dwindled following his death in 1862.

Demographics
At the 2000 United States census, there were 204 people, 45 households, and 26 families in the township. The population density was 1.7 per square mile (0.6/km$2$). There were 273 housing units at an average density of 2.2 per square mile (0.9/km$2$). By the 2020 census, its population declined to 72.

In 2000, the racial makeup of the township was 58.33% White, 36.76% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.98% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latinos of any race were 4.90% of the population Among its population at the time, 16.5% were of Finnish, 10.6% English, 9.4% Irish, 8.8% Italian, 6.5% German and 5.3% Norwegian ancestry.

At the 2000 census, there were 45 households, out of which 13.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.2% were non-families. 42.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.89 and the average family size was 2.54. The median income for a household in the township was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $8,505. None of the families and 7.0% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 9.1% of those over 64. At the 2021 American Community Survey, its median household income increased to $51,250.

title: Houghton Township, Michigan


text:
Sherman Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan

Sherman Township is a civil township of Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 91 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 69.24 sqmi, of which 65.16 sqmi and 4.08 sqmi (5.89%) is water.

Communities

 * Gay is an unincorporated community located near the mouth of the Tobacco River at Lake Superior at 47.2275°N, -88.16361°W.
 * Hebards is an unincorporated community along the western edge of the township at 47.285°N, -88.29722°W. Also spelled as Hebard, the community was settled as a railway station along the Mineral Range Railroad in 1903, and a now-defunct post office opened on June 30, 1903. It was named for lumberman Charles and Edward Hebard.
 * Snowshoe is an unincorporated community within the township at 47.23056°N, -88.24139°W.
 * Traverse is an unincorporated community located along the Traverse River at 47.25528°N, -88.26417°W.

Demographics
In 2000, there were 60 people, 34 households, and 14 families residing in the township. The population density was 0.9 per square mile (0.4/km$2$). There were 113 housing units at an average density of 1.7 per square mile (0.7/km$2$). By the publication of the 2020 census, its population grew to 91.

In 2000, the racial and ethnic makeup of the township was 98.33% White, and 1.67% from two or more races. Culturally, 6.2% were of Finnish, 11.5% Irish, 7.7% French, 5.8% Dutch, 5.8% German, 5.8% Polish, 5.8% Scandinavian, and 5.8% Slavic ancestry. According to the 2021 census estimates, 14.9% were of German, 12.2% English, 4.1% French, 2.7% Scottish, and 1.4% Polish ancestry.

According to the 2000 census, there were 34 households, out of which 11.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 58.8% were non-families. 58.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 29.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.76 and the average family size was 2.79. In the township the population was spread out, with 15.0% under the age of 18, 1.7% from 18 to 24, 20.0% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 33.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the township was $27,000, and the median income for a family was $45,833. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,989. There were no families and 12.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including no individuals under eighteen and 23.8% of those over 64. By 2021 census estimates, its median household income increased to $32,426.


text:
Baldwin, Michigan

Baldwin is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 863 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Lake County. The village is located on the boundary between Webber Township on the north and Pleasant Plains Township on the south, with the larger portion lying in Pleasant Plains.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.26 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,208 people, 404 households, and 190 families residing in the village. The population density was 958.7 PD/sqmi. There were 478 housing units at an average density of 379.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 28.9% White, 75.0% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 6.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of the population.

There were 404 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.0% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.0% were non-families. 49.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the village was 36.8 years. 20.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.5% were from 25 to 44; 23% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 53.3% male and 46.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,107 people, 397 households, and 183 families residing in the village. The population density was 873.2 PD/sqmi. There were 479 housing units at an average density of 377.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 59.62% White, 65.33% African American, 1.36% Native American, 0.45% from other races, and 4.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.71% of the population.

There were 397 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.0% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.9% were non-families. 49.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $15,550, and the median income for a family was $22,857. Males had a median income of $26,042 versus $21,364 for females. The per capita income for the village was $9,619. About 32.0% of families and 35.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.7% of those under age 18 and 21.1% of those age 65 or over.

Services
Baldwin is served by the Baldwin Community Schools school district, including Baldwin High School. A "Baldwin Promise" promises funding for college education in Michigan of all Baldwin High School graduates.

Attractions

Baldwin is primarily a tourist town. As such, much of its economy is based around the summer months. Lake County sports many lakes and rivers, as well as the vast wilderness of the Manistee National Forest. Many come to Baldwin on vacation to camp, canoe, fish, or hunt.

The Shrine of the Pines is a noted tourist attraction. The nearby Pere Marquette River is one of America's Blue Ribbon fisheries and sportfishing is a major contributor to the local economy.

The nearby Baldwin River, a tributary of the Pere Marquette River, is the site of the first planting of German Brown Trout in the United States on April 11, 1884.

Baldwin is home of the world's largest trout statue. Located downtown Baldwin, the trout stands 25 feet tall. The village and Lake County take pride in this structure.

Private prison
The North Lake Correctional Facility is a private, for-profit, maximum security prison that was constructed in the late 1990s in Baldwin by the Wackenhut Corrections Co. (now the GEO Group). The prison was originally built to house Michigan's youth offenders, but the state withdrew its charges from the facility. The GEO group expanded the prison from 500 to 1,700 beds; by 2005 it was vacant. For a brief time it housed some inmates from California in 2011 but was soon closed again.

In June 2015, GEO Group contracted for two years with the state of Vermont to house 280 high-security inmates convicted of crimes in the state of Vermont in the North Lake Correctional Facility. It was far from home; many had previously been housed in private prison facilities in Kentucky and Arizona.

This contract was facilitated by the state legislature enacting a bill to support the private prison, specifically to authorize incarceration of high-security inmates at this facility. Lake Country Republican Rep. Jon Bumstead had sponsored a bill in the Michigan Legislature to raise the security rating of the North Lake facility to Michigan's highest in order to accomplish this. The Michigan Senate voted 23–14 to remove the former restrictive provision, making it legal for the GEO Group to house out-of-state prisoners of all security classifications in Baldwin.

As Lake County has high poverty and unemployment rates, legislators thought the expanded prison could provide some jobs to local residents. County Commissioner Dan Sloan stated that as many as 150 jobs would result from the transfer of out-of-state prisoners to the facility. In December 2016 GEO Group told Vermont that it would not renew its contract with the state in June 2017; some 256 long-term prisoners from Vermont are being held at this prison.

In May 2019, GEO announced that it obtained a contract with the Federal Bureau of Prisons to house illegal immigrants that were convicted of crimes while illegally in the US. On October 1, 2019, the prison officially started to accept these prisoners. It was again closed in September 2022.

Notable person

 * Robert F. Williams, African-American activist, lived here

title: Baldwin, Michigan


text:
Chase Township, Michigan

Chase Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,153 at the 2020 census.

The unincorporated community of Chase is the only significant population center in the township. Chase is located where U.S. Highway 10 (US 10) crosses the Middle Branch of the Pere Marquette River at 43.88917°N, -85.63556°W. The post office in Chase serves ZIP Code 49623, which includes most of the northwest part of Chase Township as well as the southwest portion of Pinora Township, the southeast portion of Cherry Valley Township, and the northeast portion of Yates Township.

Both the community and township were named after Salmon P. Chase, the Chief Justice of the United States at the time the area was being settled in the 1860s. The community was first known as "Greendale", which was recorded through clerical error as "Green Dale". A post office was established with the name of Chase in March 1872. It served as the county seat until 1874. The beginning of Chase as a community largely resulted from Charles Joiner building a sawmill, broom handle factory and shingle mill here in 1869.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 sqmi, of which 35.4 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (0.48%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,194 people, 427 households, and 330 families residing in the township. The population density was 33.7 PD/sqmi. There were 559 housing units at an average density of 15.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 95.48% White, 1.68% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 2.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.

There were 427 households, out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $36,776, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $29,821 versus $24,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,882. About 11.8% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 20.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Chase Township, Michigan


text:
Cherry Valley Township, Michigan

Cherry Valley Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 422 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 368 people, 160 households, and 119 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.3 PD/sqmi. There were 435 housing units at an average density of 12.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 88.59% White, 6.52% African American, 2.17% Native American, 1.09% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.90% of the population.

There were 160 households, out of which 23.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.61.

In the township the population was spread out, with 18.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $34,286. Males had a median income of $27,000 versus $24,063 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,030. About 15.6% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.4% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Cherry Valley Township, Michigan


text:
Ellsworth Township, Michigan

Ellsworth Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 736 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Copley was an unincorporated community in Ellsworth Township that developed around a sawmill. It had a post office from 1884 to 1890.
 * Edgetts was a lumber settlement with a railroad station. It had a post office starting in 1902.
 * Ellsworth is a community in Ellsworth Township. It was established in 1867.  It had a post office from 1872 until 1876.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 sqmi, of which 35.2 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (0.57%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 821 people, 309 households, and 221 families residing in the township. The population density was 23.3 PD/sqmi. There were 557 housing units at an average density of 15.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.20% White, 0.49% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.73% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population.

There were 309 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the township the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $35,489, and the median income for a family was $37,279. Males had a median income of $33,250 versus $25,104 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,927. About 8.1% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Ellsworth Township, Michigan


text:
Lake Township, Lake County, Michigan

Lake Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 810 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 sqmi, of which 34.1 sqmi is land and 1.9 sqmi (5.31%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 849 people, 412 households, and 276 families residing in the township. The population density was 24.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,190 housing units at an average density of 64.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 92.82% White, 4.83% African American, 1.06% Native American, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.12% of the population.

There were 412 households, out of which 13.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.44.

In the township the population was spread out, with 12.7% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 17.6% from 25 to 44, 37.1% from 45 to 64, and 29.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 55 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $26,806, and the median income for a family was $30,179. Males had a median income of $30,167 versus $17,337 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,053. About 11.2% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.3% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lake Township, Lake County, Michigan


text:
Luther, Michigan

Luther is a village in Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 332 at the 2020 census. The village is on the boundary between Newkirk Township on the west and Ellsworth Township on the east, with about half of the village in each. It is the site of Hillsdale College's G.H. Gordon Biological Research Station.

History
The village was named for William A. Luther, a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.93 sqmi, of which 0.92 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Broadband
Lynx Nextwork Group, as part of the REACH-3MC project, has run its fiber optics network through the village of Luther providing dedicated private line transport, dedicated internet access, colocation/cloud services, voice services and SIP trunking, and Ethernet services.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 318 people, 137 households, and 84 families residing in the village. The population density was 345.7 PD/sqmi. There were 190 housing units at an average density of 206.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.9% White, 0.3% African American, 1.9% Native American, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 137 households, of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.7% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.99.

The median age in the village was 40.8 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 339 people, 133 households, and 88 families residing in the village. The population density was 364.8 PD/sqmi. There were 186 housing units at an average density of 200.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 91.74% White, 0.59% African American, 4.13% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 2.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.24% of the population.

There were 133 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $26,250. Males had a median income of $23,889 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $10,715. About 16.2% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.7% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Luther, Michigan


text:
Newkirk Township, Michigan

Newkirk Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 655.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 72.8 sqmi, of which 72.8 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (0.11%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 719 people, 302 households, and 199 families residing in the township. The population density was 9.9 per square mile (3.8/km$2$). There were 767 housing units at an average density of 10.5 per square mile (4.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 93.74% White, 0.14% African American, 2.64% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.42% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.

There were 302 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $23,636, and the median income for a family was $26,932. Males had a median income of $25,893 versus $19,464 for females. The per capita income for the township was $11,432. Below the poverty line were 25.1% of people, 19.1% of families, 37.2% of those under 18 and 14.1% of those over 64.

title: Newkirk Township, Michigan


text:
Peacock Township, Michigan

Peacock Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 398 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 sqmi, of which 34.8 sqmi is land and 0.9 sqmi (2.63%) is water.

Communities

 * Peacock is an unincorporated community located northwest of the center of the township. The town hall is located in Peacock.
 * Wolf Lake is an unincorporated community along the 44th parallel. It is east of a lake named the same name.

History
Peacock was the name of a station on the Chicago and West Michigan Railroad (later known as the Pere Marquette Railway), 15 miles north of Baldwin. It was named for David J. Peacock, who became the first postmaster on April 15, 1897. The Peacock post office was discontinued in 1943.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 445 people, 220 households, and 144 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.8 per square mile (4.9/km$2$). There were 1,068 housing units at an average density of 30.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 93.93% White, 0.22% African American, 0.90% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 3.37% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.82% of the population.

There were 220 households, out of which 10.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.40.

In the township the population was spread out, with 10.8% under the age of 18, 2.7% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 37.8% from 45 to 64, and 27.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $24,167, and the median income for a family was $29,688. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,638. About 15.6% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Peacock Township, Michigan


text:
Pinora Township, Michigan

Pinora Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 757 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 sqmi, of which 35.5 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (0.14%) is water.

Communities

 * Deer Lake was a lumbering community in this township. It also was a station on the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad.  It had a post office from 1881 until 1893.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 643 people, 253 households, and 180 families residing in the township. The population density was 18.1 per square mile (7.0/km$2$). There were 416 housing units at an average density of 11.7 per square mile (4.5/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.51% White, 0.16% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, and 1.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.

There were 253 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,222, and the median income for a family was $44,375. Males had a median income of $32,083 versus $22,981 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,285. About 5.2% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Pinora Township, Michigan


text:
Pleasant Plains Township, Michigan

Pleasant Plains Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,603 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.3 sqmi, of which 34.7 sqmi is land and 0.6 sqmi (1.62%) is water.

Communities

 * Baldwin is a village located in the northern portion of the township. Baldwin is the county seat of Lake County.
 * Forman was an unincorporated community centered on a lumber mill. It established in 1873.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,535 people, 657 households, and 394 families residing in the township. The population density was 44.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,547 housing units at an average density of 44.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 75.37% White, 20.20% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 2.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.43% of the population.

There were 657 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $22,353, and the median income for a family was $29,632. Males had a median income of $29,583 versus $22,105 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,571. About 19.6% of families and 25.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.4% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Pleasant Plains Township, Michigan


text:
Sauble Township, Michigan

Sauble Township is a civil township of Lake County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 373 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.6 km$2$), of which 34.6 square miles (89.7 km$2$) is land and 0.8 square mile (1.9 km$2$) (2.12%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 323 people, 160 households, and 104 families residing in the township. The population density was 9.3 per square mile (3.6/km$2$). There were 614 housing units at an average density of 17.7 per square mile (6.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.38% White, 0.31% Native American, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.17% of the population.

There were 160 households, out of which 11.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.49.

In the township the population was spread out, with 15.2% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 15.2% from 25 to 44, 32.8% from 45 to 64, and 33.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $28,636, and the median income for a family was $30,962. Males had a median income of $38,750 versus $22,917 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,528. About 6.0% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.2% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Sauble Township, Michigan