text:
Mansfield, New York

Mansfield is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 843 at the 2020 census. The name was thought to be that of a noble family in England.

The town is centrally located in Cattaraugus County, north of Little Valley.

History
The area was first settled circa 1817. The town of Mansfield was formed in 1830 from part of the town of Town of Little Valley. The town was first called "Cecilius". The name "Mansfield" was adopted in 1831.

Mansfield had a post office by 1840. It is implied to still have a post office as late as 1933 but merged with the Little Valley post office some time before the establishment of ZIP Codes in 1963. (Within the 147 prefix, Little Valley and Mansfield are adjacent to each other alphabetically and geographically.) The ZIP Code Tabulation Area for 14755, the ZIP Code for Little Valley, shows a clear 8 shape illustrating the territory each office covered.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 104.0 km2, of which 103.9 km2 is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 0.08%, is water.

The town is primarily served by county roads. Cattaraugus County Route 14 (Toad Hollow Road) runs from south to north through the town, while Cattaraugus County Route 13 (Maples Road) runs west to east in the northern part of the town, and County Route 15 (Dublin Road) runs along the southern part of the town. New York State Route 242 passes across the southeast corner of the town and New York State Route 353 through a small portion of the southwest corner.

Mansfield Creek flows across the north part of the town, and Little Valley Creek crosses the southwest corner. The two creeks follow a similar path in opposite directions, separated by the Saint Lawrence River Divide.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Otto; East Otto [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Ellicottville [[Image:Boxed East arrow.svg]]
 * Little Valley [[Image:South.svg]]
 * New Albion [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 800 people, 305 households, and 234 families residing in the town. The population density was 20.2 people per square mile (7.8/km2). There were 540 housing units at an average density of 13.6 per square mile (5.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.88% White, 0.12% (one person) African American, 0.75% (six people) Native American, 0.12% (one person) Asian, and 0.12% (one person) from two or more races. Four of the town's residents were Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.25% of the population.

There were 305 households, out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,420, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $27,614 versus $24,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,700. About 6.3% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

Much of Mansfield north of Five Points is agricultural land, with several farms (some of them Amish) in the area.

Notable people

 * Anna Maynard Barbour, best-selling fiction author
 * Owen Vincent Coffin, 56th governor of Connecticut

Communities and locations in Mansfield

 * Dobbins Memorial State Forest – a state forest in the southern part of the town.
 * Eddyville – a hamlet in the north part of the town on County Road 14. The Mansfield town hall is in Eddyville, as is the town's only currently operating church, the nondenominational Solomon's Porch Ministries. Eddyville was also the site of the town's post office during its existence before it was closed some time in the early 20th century. Eddyville has an estimated population of 55 as of 2021.
 * Eddyville Corners – The spot where County Roads 13 and 14 converge, north of Eddyville and west of Maples. A now-abandoned Baptist church (whose congregation has since relocated to Little Valley) is at this spot, as is a state-operated fish stocking outlet on Mansfield Creek.
 * Five Points – A location southwest of Eddyville near the town center on County Road 14. Five Points is the location of a county-operated landfill.
 * Maples – A hamlet east of Eddyville on County Road 13. The Mansfield fire department and highway barns are in Maples. Maples has an estimated population of 60.
 * Orlando – A mostly unpopulated hamlet near the east town line on County Road 13.

title: Mansfield, New York


text:
Napoli, New York

Napoli is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. It is located in the western half of the county, northwest of Salamanca. The only permanent community in the town is Napoli village, formerly "Napoli Corners". The population was 1,173 at the 2020 census.

The town's name presumably comes from "Napoli", the Italian name of Naples. It is pronounced with a non-Italian pronunciation:, with a long "i" sound at the end (much like communities named Pulaski and Chili in other parts of the state).

History
The first permanent settler arrived circa 1819. The town of Napoli was formed in 1823 from part of the town of Little Valley. In 1828, a division of Napoli was made, forming the new town of Coldspring to the south.

Continental Charters Flight 44-2 crashed in Napoli on December 26, 1951.

The now-dismantled Gladden Windmill is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 94.7 km2, of which 94.2 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.46%, is water.

New York State Route 242 is a northeast–southwest major highway in the town. County Route 7 (Pigeon Valley Road) moves from east to west across the northern part of the town; County Route 10 (Hardscrabble Road / Farm to Market Road) runs north to south through the middle of the town.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * New Albion [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Little Valley; Salamanca [[Image:Boxed East arrow.svg]]
 * Coldspring [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Conewango [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,159 people, 376 households, and 292 families residing in the town. The population density was 31.8 PD/sqmi. There were 541 housing units at an average density of 14.9 per square mile (5.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.46% White, 0.43% African American, 1.38% Native American, 0.86% Asian, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population.

There were 376 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.1% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.43.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,839, and the median income for a family was $37,692. Males had a median income of $26,411 versus $23,036 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,077. About 9.3% of families and 20.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.1% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Attractions
Napoli, like much of western Cattaraugus County, has a sizable Amish community, particularly to the north and west of the hamlet of Napoli. The presence of the Amish and their corresponding large families and high birth rates has ensured that Napoli is one of the few communities in the region that has consistently risen in population since the late 20th century.

Despite a comparable population to other towns and villages in the area, Napoli has a relatively small number of businesses and attractions other than those operated from the Amish farms, with most town residents going to Little Valley or Randolph for their needs. The only church in Napoli is a United Methodist Church in the hamlet.

Public school residents attend either Randolph Central School or Cattaraugus-Little Valley Central School. The Amish operate a small one-room elementary school on Hoxie Hill in the western part of town.

Notable people

 * Cyrus G. Baldwin (1852-1931), Congregationalist minister and first president of Pomona College
 * Andrew Jackson Merchant (1831-1899), former Methodist minister

Communities and locations

 * Cold Spring – A location in the northwest part of the town near the intersection of County Roads 7 and 10. (Not to be confused with the town of the same name, which neighbors to the south of Napoli.)
 * Cold Springs Creek – A stream flowing southward on the west side of the town.
 * Enchanted Lake – A defunct subdivision that was started in the early 1970s. It is now a Nature Center - https://www.zaepfelcenter.com/. The history of the subdivision can be found on this website.
 * Napoli – The hamlet of Napoli is near the center of the town at the intersection of NY Route 242 and County Road 10.
 * The Narrows – A location in the eastern part of the town on Route 242. This marks the route of an early road cut into the town.
 * Peaslee Hollow – A location in the northwest part of the town.
 * Seelysburgh/Elm Creek – A former hamlet in the western part of town; formerly the site of a 19th-century post office.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Napoli, New York


text:
New Albion, New York

New Albion is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,990 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Albion in Orleans County, the source of some early settlers. New Albion is in the northwest quadrant of the county, northwest of the city of Salamanca.

History
From approximately the 1640s, the area was in the domain of the Seneca tribe and was first settled by outsiders around 1818. The town of New Albion was established in 1830 from part of the town of Little Valley. The oldest business community in the town was New Albion with its first store opening in 1833. (New Albion, while maintaining a cluster of residences, no longer has any businesses.) Later the village of Cattaraugus surpassed New Albion.

"New Albion" is also a name that was once applied to the west coast of North America.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 92.8 km2, of which 92.3 km2 is land and 0.5 km2, or 0.54%, is water.

New York State Route 353 is an important north-south highway in the town, as is Cattaraugus County Route 5, which parallels Route 353 to the southwest. County Route 6 enters the town from the west, while County Route 12 enters from the northeast and County Route 10 enters from the south. County Route 76 (Lovers Lane Road) bypasses the village of Cattaraugus en route to Otto, but unstable ground makes that road unsuitable as a major thoroughfare.

Conewango Creek, a tributary of the Allegheny River and part of the Mississippi River watershed, flows out of the west part of the town, and the south branch of Cattaraugus Creek, which flows to Lake Erie and is part of the St. Lawrence River watershed, originates in the town.

Adjacent towns and areas
The towns of Persia and Otto lie to the north. New Albion forms its border on the east with the town of Mansfield and on the west with the town of Leon. To the south is the town of Napoli.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,068 people, 808 households, and 547 families residing in the town. The population density was 56.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,005 housing units at an average density of 27.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.74% White, 0.15% African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.19% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.35% of the population.

There were 808 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,917, and the median income for a family was $38,468. Males had a median income of $30,494 versus $24,554 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,841. About 7.0% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * William Buffington Jr., former member of the New York State Assembly
 * John P. Darling, former New York state senator
 * Horace C. Young, former New York state Senator
 * H. Olin Young, former US congressman from Michigan

Communities and locations in New Albion

 * Anybodys – A former rail station south of Cattaraugus, where the Pat McGee Trail meets County Road 6 at the trail's northern end.
 * Champlain Corners – A hamlet at the junction of County Roads 5 and 7 in the southeast corner of the town.
 * Guys Settlement – Located at the intersection of County Route 10 and the historic Chautauqua Road, Guys Settlement was one of the first settlements in Cattaraugus County. Located near the settlement is Triple D Rodeo Ranch (after Dechow, Delahoy and Darrell, the ranch's founders), a locally owned rodeo grounds that hosts live monthly events during the summer and autumn.
 * Cattaraugus – The village of Cattaraugus is located in the northeast part of the town on NY Route 353.
 * Linlyco Lake – An artificial lake and residential community in the southeast corner of the town.
 * New Albion – The hamlet of New Albion is southwest of Cattaraugus village by the junction of County Roads 5 and 6. It was first called "Horth's Corners" after the name of the first businessman to open his store.
 * New Albion Lake – A small artificial lake northwest of New Albion and south of County Road 5 (Mosher Hollow Road). Connected to the Conewango Creek watershed, it was created in 1982 for the purpose of flood protection and is stocked annually with fish by the state Department of Environmental Conservation and is open for fishing.

title: New Albion, New York


text:
Otto, New York

Otto is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 775 at the 2020 census. The name comes from Jacob S. Otto, an agent of the Holland Land Company. The town lies on the northern border of Cattaraugus County.

History
The area of the town was first settled around 1816. The town of Otto was formed in 1823 from part of the town of Perrysburg. Otto returned territory to Perrysburg in 1823 and ceded land to Ashford in 1835. In 1854, the eastern half of the town was spun off and renamed East Otto.

The Medora Ball Historical Museum is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Otto has a total area of 85.1 km2, of which 84.8 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.36%, is water.

The north town line is formed by Cattaraugus Creek and is the border of Erie County, and the west town line is formed by the South Branch of Cattaraugus Creek.

The main highways through Otto are county roads. Cattaraugus County Route 12 is the main road through town, which extends southwestward toward Cattaraugus and northeastward toward East Otto, while Cattaraugus County Route 11 (North Otto Road) spurs northward from the hamlet of Otto through North Otto (then becomes Route 56 as it turns west on Forty Road), and Cattaraugus County Route 13 (Maples Road) splits off east of the hamlet toward Ellicottville. County Route 68 (Swamp Road) connects North Otto with East Otto.

Part of the Zoar Valley is located by the north town line.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Collins [[Image:North.svg]]
 * East Otto [[Image:Boxed East arrow.svg]]
 * Mansfield; New Albion [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Persia [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 831 people, 310 households, and 243 families residing in the town. The population density was 25.8 PD/sqmi. There were 412 housing units at an average density of 12.8 per square mile (4.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.92% White, 0.72% Native American, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.

There were 310 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.8% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,625, and the median income for a family was $43,942. Males had a median income of $31,063 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,748. About 6.3% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Anna Botsford Comstock, leader of the nature study movement
 * John P. Darling, former New York state senator
 * Edwin Willits, former US congressman from Michigan, president of Michigan Agricultural College

Communities and locations in Otto

 * Otto (formerly "Waverly") – The hamlet of Otto is near the south town line at the junction of County Roads 11 and 12. It is the only significant settlement in the town. The Rand McNally 2021 Atlas estimates Otto's population at 550, constituting the majority of the town's population.
 * North Otto – The sparsely populated and heavily agricultural area located along County Road 11 between the hamlet of Otto and Zoar Valley.
 * (Old) Otto – The original hamlet of Otto is an abandoned settlement on the west town line, along the South Branch of the Cattaraugus Creek. A road, Gibson Hill Road, leads to the original location; the creek crossing that connected it to Skinner Hollow Road in neighboring Persia no longer exists.
 * Zoar Valley Multiple Use Area – A conservation area in the northern part of the town.

title: Otto, New York


text:
Persia, New York

Persia is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 2,203 at the 2020 census. It is in the northwest part of the county. The village of Gowanda is partially in the town.

Name
A question frequently asked is "How did Town of Persia get its name?". Newspaper archives and history books do not give a small clue to the origin of the name.

Etymology
From Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa), another name for Iran.

History
The area that would become the town was first settled in 1810. The town of Persia was founded in 1835 from the town of Perrysburg.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.4 km2, of which 54.1 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.46%, is water.

The northern border of the town is partly formed by Cattaraugus Creek, with Erie County on the opposite bank, and the east town line is defined by the South Branch of Cattaraugus Creek.

U.S. Route 62 passes through the northwest corner of the town, and New York State Route 353 passes across the south part of the town. Much of the town is served by the north-to-south Broadway Road (County Road 4), which runs from NY 353 into the village of Gowanda, which occupies the northern tip of the town and extends across Cattaraugus Creek into the town of Collins in Erie County.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Collins [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Otto [[Image:Boxed East arrow.svg]]
 * New Albion [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Dayton; Perrysburg [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000 For Persia, there were 2,512 people, 961 households, and 602 families residing in the town. The population density was 120.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,071 housing units at an average density of 51.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.74% White, 0.28% African American, 2.51% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 961 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,675, and the median income for a family was $39,650. Males had a median income of $29,838 versus $26,304 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,590. About 10.6% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

List of supervisors
(Town of Persia Supervisor);

 * Esek B. Nash, 1835-1836
 * John Thatcher, 1837-1838
 * tEsek B. Nash, 1839
 * John Thatcher, 1840-1841
 * George W. White, 1842
 * Seth Field, 1843
 * Esek B. Nash, 1844
 * John Thatcher, 1845
 * Esek B. Nash, 1846-1848
 * Amasa L. Chaffee, 1853
 * Levi W. Strope, 1854
 * David N. Brown, 1855-1856
 * Lemuel S. Jenks, 1857-1868
 * Wm. W. Henry, 1869-1870
 * A.S. Bennett, 1871-1872
 * Charles W. Blackney, 1873-1874
 * Silas Vinton, 1875-1877
 * Reuben Ross, 1878
 * Silas Vinton, 1879-1880
 * Ward Hooker, 1881-1882
 * Byron L. Kimble, 1883-1884
 * Frank C. Vinton, 1885-1887
 * Joseph H.Schaack, 1888
 * Frank C. Vinton, 1889-1991
 * Frank L. Mattock, 1891-1893
 * H. Ward Hooker, 1894
 * George B. Taylor, 1895-1897
 * Irving R. Leonard, 1898-1917
 * Robert E. Congdom, 1918-1933
 * Stanley Nielson, 1934-1937
 * George Lambert, 1938-1955
 * Andrew J. Musacchio, 1956-1963
 * Charles Deneen, 1964-1969

Hollywood Happening
June is the month for the Annual Hollywood Happening. Part of Main Street is closed to vehicle traffic so hundreds of individuals from all over can come to display their motorcycles and take part in the "Harley" Parade on Friday evening. There are vendors, live music, great food, and various activities to partake.

Christmas Lighting
In December, a Christmas tree lighting ceremony is held in Chang Hu Park, sponsored by the Gowanda Chamber of Commerce.

Communities and Locations in the Town of Persia

 * Gowanda – Part of the village of Gowanda is located in the northwest corner of the town.
 * Persia – The hamlet of Persia is located south of Gowanda near the west town line.
 * Snyders Corners – A hamlet at the junction of County Road 4 and NY-353 in the south part of the town.
 * Zoar Valley Multiple Use Area – A small part of this conservation area is in the north part of the town.

title: Persia, New York


text:
Red House, New York

Red House (Seneca: Jóë́’hesta’) is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 30, making it the least populous town in the state. The town is on the south edge of Cattaraugus County, south of the city of Salamanca.

History
The area that would become the town was first settled by outsiders after 1827. The town of Red House was formed in 1869 from part of the town of Salamanca. It was named for its famous landmark, the Red House, a Civil War-era domicile located at the confluence of a small creek (later named Red House Creek) with the Allegheny River. The house was remarkable for its strange, dark crimson coloring and was originally constructed as a resting house for those traveling along the river.

Locals have expressed skepticism about claims that the house was haunted by members of the Frecks family (the Internet rumor claimed a number of the wealthy family's members died in an affair that involved fraternal adultery, exile, suicides, and the mysterious death of the family patriarch) has any historical basis, and a 1965 description of Red House's name origin lists the original owner of the house as being "unknown." Of the numerous ghost stories that are reputed in Red House, the Frecks story is not one of them, and the names and locations of the Frecks story do not match the historical record, which states that H. B. Freck never lived in nor near the titular red house, residing in a different part of the town. The house was a restaurant and hotel in its last years and, like most others in the town, was demolished in the early 1990s. A 1953 column in The Bradford Era made note of a legend that the house was originally owned by a native American at the time logging began in the area; a variant of the story, printed in another newspaper in 1962 and reprinted in 1972, states that only the door of the house was painted red.

Harvesting trees for lumber and other products was a major early industry; a chemical plant was built in the town to process the felled trees. The town's population peaked in the 1890s, the only time the town ever had more than 1,000 residents, and declined near-continuously from that point onward. In the mid-20th century, Red House was also an early center of the region's ski country industry, with two ski areas, the state-operated Bova ski resort and jumps (named after the Beauvais family who donated the land for the purpose) that ran from the 1930s until 1980, and the privately operated Big Basin ski area, which operated from 1951 to 1972.

The reason that Red House is so sparsely populated is because the vast majority of the town's land was used for the creation of Allegany State Park, which has no permanent population. Beginning in 1967, coinciding with the construction of the Kinzua Dam, the state began an eminent domain campaign to buy out the remainder of the town; at the time, the path of the Southern Tier Expressway (then "new Route 17," now Interstate 86) was routed directly through the core of the hamlet of Red House, allowing the state to seize and destroy most of the town residents' property. In 1973, the state tried but failed to claim the remaining privately held land in the town for park expansion. The eminent domain campaign has mostly gone quiet since the late 1990s; the state still has a standing offer to purchase any property that is either abandoned or put up for sale in the town. A small northwest corner remains outside the park's bounds, about half of which is on the Allegany Indian Reservation and much of the rest of which is occupied by Camp Li-Lo-Li, a Christian camp. The few residents remaining in the town are concentrated on a single road, Bay State Road (named after a lumber company from Massachusetts that built and used the road), sandwiched between the reservation and the park and southwest of the original hamlet. A local church was forcibly moved to Jimerson Town; another, a Roman Catholic chapel, remains standing but abandoned.

Red House was assigned the ZIP Code 14773. The United States Postal Service closed the office, which was located within the town's grocery store (the owner of the store doubled as the town postmaster), on June 30, 1964. Mail service from that point to the present day has been handled by a rural free delivery route through the Salamanca post office. William R. Costello, owner of the grocery store and the last postmaster for Red House, would later be reassigned to Limestone.

Red House is served by the Randolph Central School district, after that district annexed the Red House Consolidated School District (and its various one-room schools). In the wake of the Kinzua Dam construction, the residents petitioned to be transferred to the closer Salamanca City Central School District, but the Randolph district refused to do so, unwilling to give up the property tax revenues. Native Americans attended a separate school in the area, which was moved to Salamanca in 1965.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 144.7 km2, of which 144.2 km2 is land and 0.5 km2, or 0.34%, is water.

The south town line is the border of Pennsylvania, and the northwest part of the town borders/includes the Allegany Reservation, defined by the Allegheny River.

Interstate 86 passes through the town, with access from Exit 19. There are also some mostly decommissioned portions of what used to be Route 17 and New York State Route 382. Allegany State Park Routes 1, 2 and 3 are the main routes serving the park and town. The northwest corner of Red House is detached from the rest of the town's roadways and is served by only one road, Sunfish Road, which can only be accessed by a detour of several miles through Coldspring.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Salamanca [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Great Valley; Carrollton [[Image:Boxed East arrow.svg]]
 * Corydon Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania; Foster Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Coldspring, what used to be Elko [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 38 people, 14 households, and 9 families residing in the town. The population density was 0.7 people per square mile (0.3/km2). There were 25 housing units at an average density of 0.4 per square mile (0.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.37% (37 people) White, and 2.63% (one person) Native American.

There were 14 households, out of which 42.9% (six) had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% (ten) were married couples living together, and 28.6% (four) were non-families. 21.4% of all households (three in all) were made up of individuals, and 21.4% (three) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% (ten) under the age of 18, 7.9% (three) from 18 to 24, 23.7% (nine) from 25 to 44, 26.3% (ten) from 45 to 64, and 15.8% (six) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.0 males; for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.0 males (thus there were 16 adult women, 12 adult men, five boys and five girls).

The median income for a household in the town was $70,417, and the median income for a family was $71,667. Males had a median income of $36,563 versus $36,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,693. There were no families and two people living below the poverty line, both between the age of 18 and 64.

Communities and locations in Red House

 * Allegany Indian Reservation – A small part of this Seneca reservation cuts across Red House's northwest corner.
 * Allegany State Park – Most of the town is within the park.
 * Baystate (or Bay State) – A hamlet in the western part of the town and the current home of the town's permanent population and town government. Since the destruction of the original hamlet of Red House, the area is generally no longer known as Baystate and is known simply as "Red House."
 * Frecks – A former hamlet in the southwest corner of the town, now the center of Allegany State Park's Quaker Area.
 * Hall – A former hamlet in the eastern side of the town, where a sawmill and post office was erected by 1893. The Hall post office was closed no later than 1910, when the name was transferred to Hall's Corners, Ontario County, New York.
 * Red House – A former hamlet in the northwestern part of the town near the Allegheny River.
 * Red House Creek – The site of the first settlement. The name comes from a red-painted house that stood on the bank of the Allegany River.
 * Red House Lake – A lake located east of the hamlet of Red House.

Notable people

 * Traynor Ora Halftown, Philadelphia television personality, is believed to have been born in or near Red House.
 * George Heron, president of the Seneca Nation in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
 * Tim Horton, National Hockey League player, had a part-time residence in the town.
 * Marvin Hubbard, National Football League player, was born and raised in Red House and continued to own property in the town until his death.
 * Amasa Stone, 19th century rail magnate, built a portion of his hunting preserve in Red House.

title: Red House, New York


text:
South Dayton, New York

South Dayton is a village in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 564 at the 2020 census. The village lies within the town of Dayton by the southwest corner of the town and less than a mile from the border of Chautauqua County.

History
The community was also known as "Pine Valley"; the name Pine Valley was later used for the name of the local school district (shared with neighboring Cherry Creek), the campus of which is situated southwest of the village. The arrival of the railroad in 1875 promoted the growth of the village, which incorporated in 1915.

Possibly the most famous event to occur in South Dayton is that a revelation is reported to have been received by the Mormon prophet, Joseph Smith, in the home of Freeman Nickerson on October 12, 1833, known as Section 100 of the Doctrine and Covenants. At the time the settlement was within the town of Perrysburg.

South Dayton was used as a filming location for the 1987 comedy road film, Planes, Trains and Automobiles. It was also featured in the classic film, The Natural, which starred Robert Redford.

Geography
South Dayton is located at 42.36278°N, -79.05167°W (42.362796, -79.051715). The western boundary of the village follows the Chautauqua County line.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

County Road 2 (Main Street in the village) and NY-322 pass through the village. The New York and Lake Erie Railroad serves the village with freight and occasional passenger rail service.

Skunks Corners is a crossroads in the southwestern part of the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 662 people, 248 households, and 163 families residing in the village. The population density was 658.2 PD/sqmi. There were 268 housing units at an average density of 266.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.73% White, 0.30% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.45% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population.

There were 248 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 33.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $32,917. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $22,404 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,187. About 15.4% of families and 17.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Bill Bergey, retired National Football League player who made five Pro Bowls during his career; born and raised in the village
 * Nick Langworthy, U.S. Representative for New York's 23rd congressional district since 2023
 * Tim Nobles, 7-time State Champion coach (1991, 1992, 1995, 1997, 2003-2005) for girls basketball at Pine Valley Central School. Ended his head coaching career after the 2014-2015 season with 536 wins, including 17 league titles, 12 Section VI titles, and 6 State Championships as head coach. Pine Valley's basketball court has been renamed, "Tim Nobles Court." Inducted into the Section VI Hall of Fame in 2018.

title: South Dayton, New York


text:
South Valley, New York

South Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 250 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the town's geographical attributes.

South Valley is in the southwest corner of the county and is east of the city of Jamestown.

History
The town was first settled in 1798 by Quaker missionaries, who attempted to teach the local Indians agriculture and skills needed to cooperate with non-native settlers. The Quakers started a school in 1803 and erected a sawmill in 1812, but the mill caused dissension in the tribe and, at the request of Seneca leaders Cornplanter and Handsome Lake, was pulled down. Cornplanter (who spent his last years on a tract of land just south of South Valley) maintained respectful relations with the Quakers in his later life, despite differences with the group in regard to cultural assimilation. In 1838 the Quakers intervened to prevent the Ogden Land Company from acquiring the Senecas' land (as had been agreed to in the Treaty of Buffalo Creek), and in 1842 a new Treaty of Buffalo Creek allowed the Senecas to keep their land. The town of South Valley was formed in 1847 from the south part of the town of Randolph.

Much like the then-adjacent town of Red House, South Valley depended heavily on lumber for its early economy, and the town's population peaked in 1890, when over 1,000 residents lived there. The spin-off of Elko and the Panic of 1893 cut the town's population by more than half, starting a decline that would last several decades. Much of the town was evacuated and razed in 1965 when the Kinzua Dam was constructed, as many small communities that once inhabited the town along the Allegheny River were flooded; by 1970, South Valley's population bottomed out at 164 people, a number that has since modestly rebounded. Maps of Cattaraugus County produced today will sometimes make note of the now-mostly abandoned hamlet of Onoville (still marked on I-86 and on navigation signs). A marina was constructed where Onoville used to be. Onoville's name was reputedly the result of objections to the original town's nickname, "Jugville"; after residents exclaimed "oh, no" to using the Jugville name, a fellow resident flippantly suggested "Onoville" instead, which was accepted.

If Onoville had ever been assigned a ZIP Code, it would have likely been 14764, as gaps in the United States Postal Service's online database have ZIP codes 14761 to 14764 missing, with a town name somewhere alphabetically between Olean and Oramel; as Olean is substantially larger and ZIP Codes 14761 through 14763 were likely reserved for it but never used, it is unknown whether 14764 was reserved for Olean or Onoville). If the ZIP Code had been assigned, it likely was never used, since by the time ZIP Codes were rolled out outside the cities in 1963, the Kinzua Dam was already being built. The Onoville post office closed June 30, 1964.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 96.1 km2, of which 95.4 km2 is land and 0.6 km2, or 0.67%, is water.

The southern town line is the border of Pennsylvania and the western town line is the border of Chautauqua County.

The Allegheny Reservoir cuts through the town.

The South Valley State Forest occupies much of the town's area.

Adjacent towns and areas
The south town line is the border of the townships of Pine Grove, Elk, and Mead in Warren County, Pennsylvania, and Corydon Township in McKean County, Pennsylvania. The west town line is the border of the town of Carroll in Chautauqua County, New York. To the east is the Allegany Reservation and the town of Coldspring. North of South Valley is the town of Randolph.

Highways
New York State Route 950A (West Bank Perimeter Road) is the primary road through South Valley and leads to I-86 and NY 394 to the northeast and Pennsylvania to the southwest. County Road 33 (Bone Run Road) connects NY-950A to U.S. Route 62 in Carroll. County Road 89 (Sawmill Run Road) connects to NY-950A in the former community of Onoville and leads directly to US 62 in Frewsburg.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 302 people, 126 households, and 89 families residing in the town. The population density was 8.2 people per square mile (3.2/km2). There were 320 housing units at an average density of 8.7 per square mile (3.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.01% White, 0.33% African American, 1.32% Native American and 0.33% Asian.

There were 126 households, out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 34.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $47,188. Males had a median income of $32,188 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,541. About 3.8% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.5% of those 65 or over.

Communities and locations in South Valley

 * Allegany Reservation – A reservation of the Seneca Nation that forms part of the east border of the town, along the reservoir.
 * Allegheny Reservoir – The reservoir forms a lake in the southeast and cuts off part of the town.
 * Highbanks – A campground and resettlement area run by the Seneca Nation Allegany Reservation.
 * Onoville Marina – A marina located at the mouth of Sawmill Run at the location of a former community in the town.
 * Sawmill Run – A stream that flows eastward into the Allegheny Reservoir, formed by the junction of its North Branch and South Branch (Gurnsey Hollow) near County Road 89. The town government offices are located near this junction.

Economy
A few scattered businesses operate in the town, including two prominent restaurants, the Horseshoe Inn on West Bank Perimeter Road and the Nic-L-Inn on Bone Run Road. Some small convenience stores and boating supply shops operate near the marina.

Notable people

 * Carrie B. Raymond, musician and educator

title: South Valley, New York


text:
St. Bonaventure, New York

St. Bonaventure is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Allegany in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,963 at the 2020 census.

This community, located between the village of Allegany and the city of Olean, is established around St. Bonaventure University. Since the campus comprises the majority of the CDP, it has a much lower per capita income than most communities in the state, as do the several other CDPs statewide that are drawn around college campuses. St. Bonaventure also has its own on-campus post office and ZIP code (14778), separate from those of Allegany and Olean.

Geography
St. Bonaventure is located at 42°4'49" North, 78°28'30" West (42.080297, -78.474904).

New York State Route 417 passes through the community, which is immediately north of the Allegheny River and south of the Southern Tier Expressway.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.5 km2, of which 5.1 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 7.16%, is water.

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,127 people, 250 households, and 153 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,047.9 PD/sqmi. There were 265 housing units at an average density of 130.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.47% White, 1.83% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.33% from other races, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population.

There were 250 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.78. In the area the population was spread out, with 5.1% under the age of 18, 74.6% from 18 to 24, 6.9% from 25 to 44, 7.9% from 45 to 64, and 5.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $38,438, and the median income for a family was $43,542. Males had a median income of $32,292 versus $21,591 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,738. About 4.8% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: St. Bonaventure, New York


text:
Weston Mills, New York

Weston Mills (variant names Westons Mills and Weston’s Mills) is a hamlet in the towns of Portville and Olean in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. It is counted as a census-designated place by the U.S. Census Bureau, which recorded a population of 1,472 at the 2010 census.

History
Weston Mills was founded by the Weston family, three brothers who set up the titular mill in the community. The original Weston family homestead is now owned by the government, which operates it as a group home.

According to county administrator Jack Searles, the name was likely either Weston's Mills or Westons Mills at first (the 1869 Beers Atlas uses the name "Westonville" for the location), then changed to Weston Mills at the behest of President Benjamin Harrison, who sought to standardize post-office names by removing unnecessary possessive forms (see United States Board on Geographic Names). The "s" was slowly, and colloquially, restored over the course of the 1960s, after a retail store opened using the "Weston's" name.

Geography
Westons Mills is located at 42.07028°N, -78.37889°W (42.070296, -78.379012). It is primarily in the town of Portville, but extends west into the town of Olean as far as the limits of the city of Olean. New York State Route 417 passes through the community, leading west 2 mi into the center of Olean and southeast 3 mi to the village of Portville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 17.5 km2, of which 17.3 km2 is land and 0.2 km2, or 1.09%, is water.

The community is on the north side of the Allegheny River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,608 people, 654 households, and 453 families residing in the region. The population density was 241.5 PD/sqmi. There were 694 housing units at an average density of 104.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.76% White, 0.81% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.

There were 654 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the locale the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $34,706, and the median income for a family was $40,978. Males had a median income of $37,688 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,564. About 4.2% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 1.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Weston Mills, New York


text:
Auburn, New York

Auburn is a city in Cayuga County, New York, United States. Located at the north end of Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes in Central New York, the city had a population of 26,866 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city of Cayuga County, the county seat, and the site of the maximum-security Auburn Correctional Facility, as well as the William H. Seward House Museum and the house of abolitionist Harriet Tubman.

History

The region around Auburn had been Haudenosaunee territory for centuries before European contact and historical records.

Auburn was founded in 1793, during the post-Revolutionary period of settlement of western New York. The founder, John L. Hardenbergh, was a veteran of the Sullivan-Clinton campaign against the Iroquois during the American Revolution. Members of the Haudenosaunee allied with the British during the American Revolution, and the Sullivan Campaign, ordered by the American military general George Washington, aimed to crush Haudenosaunee forces in the area. According to historian Robin Bernstein, the Sullivan Campaign and its soldiers destroyed "at least forty Native communities." After the war, Hardenbergh was granted a tract of land, Military Tract 47, from the very territory he fought to remove the Haudenosaunee from. Hardenbergh settled in the vicinity of the Owasco River on Military Tract 47 with his infant daughter and two enslaved African-Americans, Harry and Kate Freeman. After his death in 1806, Hardenbergh was buried in Auburn's North Street Cemetery, and was re-interred in 1852 in Fort Hill Cemetery – the first burial in the city's newly opened burial ground. The community grew up around Hardenbergh's gristmill and sawmill. Harry and Kate Freeman were eventually released by the Hardenbergh family, with Kate freed in 1805 before John Hardenbergh's death, and Harry seven months later by Hardenbergh's heirs.

Originally known as Hardenbergh's Corners in the town of Aurelius, the settlement was renamed Auburn in 1805 when it became the county seat. It became an incorporated village in 1815, and was chartered as a city in 1848. It was only a few miles from the Erie Canal, which opened in 1825 and allowed local factories to inexpensively ship goods north or south. In 1871, the Southern Central Railroad, financed by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, completed a line primarily to carry anthracite coal from Athens, Pennsylvania through Auburn to wharves on Lake Ontario at Fair Haven.

From 1818 to 1939, Auburn was home to Auburn Theological Seminary, one of the preeminent theological seminaries in the United States. In 1939, facing financial difficulties as a result of the Great Depression, the seminary moved to the campus of Union Theological Seminary in New York City. The only building from the Auburn Theological Seminary that stands today is Willard Memorial Chapel and the adjacent Welch Memorial Hall on Nelson Street, designed by Andrew Jackson Warner of Rochester, with stained-glass windows and interior decoration by Louis Comfort Tiffany. It is the only complete and unaltered Tiffany chapel interior known to exist.

In 1816, Auburn Prison (now the Auburn Correctional Facility) was founded as a model for the contemporary ideas about treating prisoners, known now as the Auburn system. Visitors were charged a fee for viewing the facility and its inmates. On August 6, 1890, the first execution by the electric chair was carried out at Auburn Prison. In 1901 Leon Czolgosz, assassin of President William McKinley, was executed there. Although the ideas of the Auburn System have been abandoned, the prison continues to serve as a maximum security facility, and is one of the most secure prisons in the continental United States.

Geography
Auburn is located at 42.9317° N, 76.5661° W at the north end of Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, which is drained by the Owasco Outlet – also known as the Owasco River – which runs north through the city on its way to the Seneca River. A dam, owned and operated by the city, controls the outflow of the lake, which is used for drinking water and recreation. The city is required to keep a sufficient amount of water in the river to deal with the effluent from its waste disposal treatment facility.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.8 km2, of which 21.6 km2 is land and 0.2 km2, or 0.89%, is water.

US 20 is an important east-west highway passing through the city, and New York State Route 34 and New York State Route 38 are north-south highways that intersect US-20 in Auburn. Seneca Falls is 15 mi west on US 20, and Syracuse is 26 mi to the northeast via New York State Route 5.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Auburn has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 28,574 people, 11,411 households, and 6,538 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,405.3 PD/sqmi. There were 12,637 housing units at an average density of 1,506.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 88.57% White, 7.59% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.41% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.82% of the population.

There were 11,411 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no partner present, and 42.7% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,281, and the median income for a family was $41,169. Males had a median income of $32,349 versus $23,330 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,083. About 12.5% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Auburn Enlarged City School District is the public school system serving Auburn. It currently operates seven schools covering grades K–12. West Middle School was closed over the summer of 2011 to save funds, with the student population merged into East Middle School.

The only college in Auburn is Cayuga Community College, a two-year school. C.C.C., as it is known locally, is located on Franklin Street. The city had been the home of Auburn Theological Seminary, a Presbyterian institution established in 1818, which relocated to New York City in 1939.

Professional baseball
Auburn has had a long association with professional baseball. The Auburn Cayugas and other early Auburn teams played as members of the League Alliance (1877), Central New York League (1888), New York State League (1889, 1897–1899), Empire State League (1906–1907), Canadian–American League (1938, 1940) and Border League (1946–1951). Auburn was an affiliate of the Boston Red Sox (1948).

Today, Auburn is home to the Auburn Doubledays, members of the collegiate wooden bat Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League.

National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues
In late 1901, Auburn became the headquarters of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (NAPBL), which is now known simply as Minor League Baseball and based in St. Petersburg, Florida. John H. Farrell, who served as secretary-treasurer of the league for many years, was a local resident, and the league's offices remained in the city while he remained in that role.

Auburn Community Baseball
Auburn Community Baseball, which is owned by the City of Auburn, is the parent organization of the Auburn Doubledays and its predecessor Auburn entries in the Class A short-season New York–Penn League dating back to 1958. The team plays its home games at Leo Pinckney Field at Falcon Park. Until 2020 they were members of the New York-Penn League.

The Great Race
Since 1978, on the second Sunday of every August, Auburn has hosted "The Great Race", a three- or four-person relay race involving running, cycling, and canoeing (or kayaking). The race begins and ends in the area of Owasco Lake on the southern outskirts of Auburn. With between 2,000 and 2,500 people participating in an average year, it is one of the largest relay races in the United States.

Media
The daily newspaper published in Auburn is The Citizen, which dates back to 1816, and had previously been published as The Daily Advertiser and The Citizen-Advertiser. It serves Auburn and Cayuga County, as well as other parts of Central New York. A morning paper, published seven days a week, it has a circulation of 10,000 for the daily and Saturday editions, and 12,000 on Sunday. It is owned by Lee Enterprises.

Notable people
Possibly the two best-known historical figures associated with Auburn are Harriet Tubman and William H. Seward.

Seward, who served as a New York state senator, the governor of New York, a U.S. senator, a presidential candidate, and then Secretary of State under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, in which role he negotiated the 1867 purchase from Russia of Alaska, which became known as "Seward's Folly" – lived in Auburn from 1823 until his death in 1872, and was opposed to slavery. Seward's wife, Frances Adeline Seward, was deeply committed to the abolitionist movement, which was strongly supported in Auburn. In the 1850s, the Seward family opened their Auburn home as a safehouse to fugitive slaves on the Underground Railroad. In 1859 Seward sold a plot of land to abolitionist Tubman, who used it to create a safe haven for her family and friends and other black Americans seeking a better life in the north. Seward's house is now a historical museum, and both it and Tubman's house are on the National Register of Historic Places.

Business and inventors

 * Willard Bundy, invented the first time clock
 * Theodore Case, developed the first commercially successful system of recording sound on film
 * Jerome H. Holland, the first African-American board member of the American Stock Exchange
 * Birdsill Holly, supposed inventor of the fire hydrant
 * Phil Romano, restaurateur, founder of Fuddruckers and Romano's Macaroni Grill

Government, politics, and law

 * Harry Elmer Barnes, historian, scholar and social scientist
 * John Beardsley (1783–1857), judge, assemblyman, state senator and warden of Auburn state prison
 * Samuel Blatchford, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * William H. Carpenter, U.S. Consul to Fuzhou, China, 1861–1865
 * Lisa Colella, Founder, Healing Household 6, the first family violence organization for military families, 2019 Medal of Honor Community Service Hero Honoree, Family Advisor for Department of Veterans Affairs Intimate Partner Violence Assistance Program
 * William Miller Collier, diplomat, attorney, president of George Washington University, author of Collier on Bankruptcy
 * Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr., federal judge
 * Amy Dacey, Democratic National Committee, CEO
 * Ulysses F. Doubleday, congressman, father of Abner Doubleday
 * Eleanor Lansing Dulles, diplomat
 * Nathaniel B. Eldredge, congressman
 * William Fulton, author, urban planner, 52nd mayor of Ventura, California
 * Milo Goodrich, congressman
 * Jerome Holland, first African American ambassador to a European nation (Sweden, 1972); president of Hampton University
 * Thomas Y. Howe, Jr., mayor and congressman
 * James Lockhart, congressman from Indiana
 * Virginia V. Lyons, politician
 * Clinton D. MacDougall, congressman
 * Truman A. Merriman, congressman
 * Lithgow Osborne, diplomat, first American ambassador to Norway after World War II
 * Thomas Mott Osborne, prison reformer
 * Sereno E. Payne, first House Majority Leader
 * Theodore Pomeroy, speaker of the house and mayor
 * Frederick W. Seward, assistant secretary of state
 * William G. Stahlnecker, congressman
 * John Taber, congressman
 * Enos T. Throop, 10th Governor of New York
 * Floyd K. Whittlemore, Illinois state treasurer
 * Martha Coffin Wright, feminist and participant in the Seneca Falls convention
 * Sheila Saft Tucker, historian, author, reporter, and teacher

Military

 * Abner Doubleday, general; for many years credited as the creator of baseball
 * Leonard E. Rea, major general in the Marine Corps during World War II
 * William H. Seward Jr., brevet brigadier general
 * William J. Sharkey, naval officer
 * Vincent Speranza, private during World War II and hero of the siege of Bastogne
 * Robert F. Stryker, Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipient

Sports, arts, and entertainment

 * Eric Adams (real name Louis Marullo), Manowar singer
 * Samuel Hopkins Adams, author
 * Kelly Brannigan, model (Deal or No Deal)
 * John Chester Buttre, artist and publisher of The American Portrait Gallery
 * Scott Columbus, Manowar drummer
 * Earl Conrad (birth name Eli Cohen), journalist, author
 * Richard and John Contiguglia, twin pianists
 * Joey DeMaio, Manowar bassist
 * Greg Downing, lacrosse player
 * Charles Loring Elliott, portrait painter
 * Joey Foster Ellis, artist
 * Buddy Hardeman, football running back
 * Raymond Hitchcock, actor
 * Mark Jindrak, ex-WWE wrestler
 * Joe Kehoskie, baseball agent
 * Bucky Lawless, boxer (real name Thomas Lawless)
 * Tim Locastro, Major League Baseball player
 * John, Mike, and Tom Mansell, major league baseball players
 * Marijane Meaker, award-winning author of young adult fiction (as "M.E. Kerr")
 * Pete Mendillo, Musician, drummer
 * T. J. Middleton, tennis player
 * Jeremy Morin, NHL player
 * Bob Mosher, TV and film writer
 * Jerry O'Neil, NASCAR driver
 * Jane Peyton, actress wife of Samuel Hopkins Adams
 * Kevin Polcovich, Major League Baseball player
 * Greg Sankey, commissioner, Southeastern Conference
 * Julius Schweinfurth, architect
 * Stanley Shakespeare, NFL player
 * Sir James Jebusa Shannon, artist
 * Alexander Theobald Van Laer, painter
 * John Walsh, host of America's Most Wanted and The Hunt with John Walsh
 * Thommie Walsh, dancer, choreographer and director

Other

 * Avery Robert Dulles, cardinal and theologian
 * William Kemmler, Auburn Prison inmate, first person executed by electric chair
 * Michael Lynch (born 1951), geneticist
 * A. T. Mann, astrologer, architect and graphic artist
 * Harriet Mann Miller (1831–1918), writer, ornithologist
 * Paul Douglas Parkman (1932-2024), one of the developers of the rubella vaccine
 * Irene Sargent (1852–1932), American art historian
 * Frederick Starr, professor and anthropologist
 * Annie Edson Taylor, the first person to survive a trip over Niagara Falls in a barrel

Business and economy

 * Auburn Bearing & Manufacturing (1898), designer and manufacturer of ball and roller thrust bearings

Places of historic interest
A number of properties in Auburn are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Auburn Button Works and Logan Silk Mills, the Belt-Gaskin House, Case Memorial-Seymour Library, the Cayuga County Courthouse and Clerk's Office, the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, William and Mary Hosmer House, St. Peter's Episcopal Church Complex, Sand Beach Church, Schines Auburn Theatre, Thompson AME Zion Church, Harriet Tubman Grave, Harriet Tubman House, the Old Post Office and Courthouse, Fort Hill Cemetery, Wall Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and Dr. Sylvester Willard Mansion. The William H. Seward House and Willard Memorial Chapel-Welch Memorial Hall are National Historic Landmarks, and the South Street Area Historic District is a national historic district.

In 2018, the NYS Equal Rights Heritage Center opened to the public, serving as a visitors' center and permanent exhibition promoting the region's history and culture. The center guides visitors to the variety of historical sites in the region connected to the struggle for equal rights.

title: Auburn, New York


text:
Aurelius, New York

Aurelius is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,610 at the 2020 census. The town was named after the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius. It is at the western edge of the county and borders the city of Auburn.

History
The Sullivan Expedition passed through to destroy the Cayuga villages in 1779. This region became part of the Central New York Military Tract, used to compensate New York soldiers for service in the military during the War for Independence. The first European-American settler of record arrived in the area in 1789. It is likely that others had made their homes in the vicinity on lands belonging to the native Iroquois. The town of Aurelius, formed in 1789, was already an existing township when Cayuga County was carved out of Onondaga County in 1799. The town of Auburn was established from a portion of Aurelius. (Auburn was incorporated as a village in 1815 and received a city charter in 1848; the west line of the city abuts the town of Aurelius.)

Among the most prominent of the native sons of Aurelius were inventor Birdsill Holley and Miriam Angeline Works, first wife of Brigham Young, who led the "Latter-Day Saints" into the Great Salt Lake Valley in 1847.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Aurelius has a total area of 82.9 km2, of which 78.3 km2 is land and 4.5 km2, or 5.47%, is water.

The western town line is defined by Cayuga Lake, one of the larger Finger Lakes. The town is bordered to the east by the city of Auburn. To the north are the towns of Montezuma and Throop, and to the south are the towns of Springport and Fleming.

Conjoined US 20 and NY 5 is a major east–west highway. New York State Route 90 is a north–south highway along the shore of Cayuga Lake. New York State Route 326 passes across the southeastern part of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,936 people, 1,124 households, and 816 families residing in the town. The population density was 97.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,281 housing units at an average density of 42.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.60% White, 0.34% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.03% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population.

There were 1,124 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,202, and the median income for a family was $48,188. Males had a median income of $34,125 versus $22,895 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,323. About 7.4% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * William A. Sackett, congressman
 * Feramorz Little, 4th mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah

Communities and locations in Aurelius

 * Auburn – The city of Auburn borders the eastern end of the town.
 * Cayuga – The village of Cayuga is on the shore of Cayuga Lake and NY-90.
 * Half Acre – A hamlet east of Aurelius and west of Auburn on NY-326 known at one time as Hell's Half Acre. It is centralized just west of the Cayuga-Onondaga BOCES Center.
 * Mud Lock – A dam and canal lock on the Cayuga–Seneca Canal at the northern end of Cayuga Lake, maintaining the lake level of Cayuga Lake, in the northwestern part of the town on NY-90. The Cayuga-Seneca Canal system connects the two Finger Lakes to the Erie Canal.
 * Relius – A hamlet west of Auburn and east of Cayuga; location of the Town Hall, Court, and Highway Dept; formerly a railroad stop on what is now the Finger Lakes Railway.

title: Aurelius, New York


text:
Aurora, Cayuga County, New York

Aurora, or Aurora-on-Cayuga, is a village and college town in the town of Ledyard, Cayuga County, New York, United States, on the shore of Cayuga Lake. The village had a population of 724 at the 2010 census.

Wells College, an institution of higher education for women founded by Henry Wells in 1868, was located in Aurora. It became coeducational in 2005, and closed in 2024.

In 1980, its Aurora Village-Wells College Historic District, with more than 50 contributing properties, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. From 2001 to 2007, redevelopment of historic properties in the village by entrepreneur Pleasant Rowland and the Aurora Foundation earned compliments, as well as provoking citizen concern, a lawsuit joined by state and national preservation organizations, and national media attention.

History
Indigenous peoples occupied the lakeshore and riverways in present-day New York for thousands of years. Prior to European-American settlement, a major Cayuga Indian village, Chonodote, stood near the present-day site of Aurora village. It had permanent dwellings and the people cultivated fields for their staple crops of varieties of corn, beans and squash. Chonodote was destroyed by the Sullivan Expedition in 1779 during the Revolutionary War, when the Cayuga were allies of the British army, in retaliation for raids by Joseph Brant and his Mohawk and Loyalist forces mostly in the eastern Mohawk Valley. Most of the Cayuga went with other Iroquois nations to Canada, where their descendants are enrolled in the Six Nations Reserve. Some members of the Cayuga tribe returned to the area after the war, but the tribe had been forced to cede its land to New York. They were left landless and shared space with the Seneca on their reservation that once included the north end of Cayuga Lake.

Part of the village was within the Central New York Military Tract. The United States reserved this portion to pay off veterans with deeds to land after the Revolutionary War. The tract was part of the five million acres (20,000 km2) of lands which the Iroquois were forced to cede in the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua. Many veterans from New England settled in the Finger Lakes area, as did some migrants from the Mohawk and Hudson valleys.

During the 19th century, Aurora developed as a minor center for manufacturing. A stopping point for canal traffic after the Cayuga–Seneca Canal opened, the village was incorporated in 1837. It became a port, shipping produce from farmers in the region up Cayuga Lake, then by the Erie Canal to other major markets. Academies and seminaries for basic education were established in 1800. Notable schools include Cayuga Lake Academy, which was founded in 1797 and chartered by the New York State Regents in 1801. Its second structure, built in 1835, remained until it was destroyed by fire on April 19, 1945. Many prominent graduates attended the school, including President Millard Fillmore, William Brookfield, the founder of the Bushwick Glass Works; and William E. Leffingwell (1855–1927), State Assemblyman and founder of the Glen Springs Sanitarium. In 1868 Henry Wells founded Wells College for the education of women.

With changes in transportation, development of the Midwest, and other economic shifts, local agriculture declined in importance. The village is a local center with well-preserved buildings composing the Aurora Village–Wells College Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has come to rely on Wells College as the major employer. During the school year, nearly half the population of the village is made up of students. Since the renovations in the town and the college's 2005 decision to enroll men and become co-educational, enrollment has increased. The student body, with enrollment of 567 in 2007, had increased by a third since a few years ago.

Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are the Aurora Steam Grist Mill (1976) and Mosher Farmstead (2003).

In December 2005, the S.H.A.R.E. (Strengthening Haudenosaunee-American Relations through Education) Farm was signed over to the Cayuga Nation of New York by US citizens who had purchased and developed the 70 acre farm in Aurora, New York. This is the first substantial property which the Cayuga Nation has owned since after being forced to cede its lands after the Revolutionary War. Settlement here has meant their first chance to live within the borders of their ancestral homeland in more than 200 years.

Notable people

 * Frances Folsom Cleveland, First Lady of the United States and Wells College alumna
 * Robert P. T. Coffin, writer, poet and professor
 * Victor Hammer, painter, sculptor, printer, and typographer
 * Edwin B. Morgan, congressman, a founder of The New York Times
 * Lewis Henry Morgan, pioneering anthropologist and social theorist
 * Edwin V. Morgan, United States Ambassador to Brazil 1912-1933
 * Laura Nader, anthropologist and Wells College alumna
 * Thomas J. Preston, Jr., president pro tem of Wells College; he married the widow Frances Folsom Cleveland
 * John Morgan Richards, cigarette and patent medicine entrepreneur
 * Pleasant Rowland, founder of the "American Girl" series of historic dolls, books, clothing and toys; Wells College alumna
 * Edward Searing, Wisconsin superintendent of public instruction and educator
 * Henry Wells, founder of Wells College, Wells Fargo and the American Express Company

Changes and controversies since 2000

In 2000, the board of Wells College endorsed a master plan that proposed two new buildings, demolition of some existing modern buildings and moving some historic brick buildings. They also voted to close the historic Aurora Inn on Main Street and look for a private developer to redevelop and manage it. The college's proposed changes raised concerns, especially as some of the properties and master plan were within the historic district.

In 2001, entrepreneur Pleasant Rowland together with Wells College founded the Aurora Foundation and teamed up to renovate the Aurora Inn. They acquired additional properties to renovate, including the E. B. Morgan House. In press accounts, Rowland expressed her vision of enhancing the historic character and attractiveness of the community, and of improving the local economy. Founder of the enormously successful "American Girl" dolls, she was a 1962 alumna of Wells College.

Rowland's and the Aurora Foundation's projects have drawn some criticism and concern. Because the village is so small, its fate and governance are already intertwined with Wells College, which owns half the land in the village. Critics felt that the foundation was too quick to renovate some historic structures and did not follow necessary review procedures, including that required by the State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA).

The critics founded the Aurora Coalition and brought suit to stop the renovation of the inn and demolition of a neighboring grocery. The National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Preservation League of New York joined the suit because of concerns that local government was not paying enough attention to state laws requiring thorough review of projects in historic districts. The controversy continued as the foundation and proposed renovation projects gained national attention. Because some affected buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places, interested parties outside the community needed to review the renovations, which increased interest in the projects.

Critics were concerned about Rowland's not being a native to the area, despite her time there while attending Wells College from 1958 to 1962. They complained that she had not been accessible for consultation with the community. There was an underlying concern that Rowland's wealth allowed her to impose a vision on the community.

The State Supreme Court ruled against the Aurora Coalition and allowed the renovation of the Aurora Inn to proceed. The Appeals Court allowed the lower court's decision to stand.

Continuing economic problems in central New York and residents' differing ideas about the village kept the controversy alive. The issues served as inspiration for the satirical novel Happyland, by author J. Robert Lennon. It began running in serial form in Harper's Magazine in July 2006.

In May 2007, Rowland ended her association with Wells College and shut down the Aurora Foundation. Spokespeople said redevelopment of the village was substantially completed. Although Rowland put the local home decor firm MacKenzie-Childs up for sale, she also purchased an additional building in the village and set up a new limited liability corporation to operate her properties.

In October 2013, Rowland took personal ownership of all the properties that she renovated for Wells College and purchased several other properties to the degree that she currently owns the entire village business district along with other commercial properties.

Geography
The village of Aurora is in the town of Ledyard on the eastern shore of Cayuga Lake, at (42.746782, -76.699442). Long Point State Park is south of the village.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.38 km2, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Aurora has a warm-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Aurora was 101 F on July 17, 1988, while the coldest temperature recorded was -21 F on January 22, 1982.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 720 people, 181 households, and 106 families residing in the village. The population density was 750.4 PD/sqmi. There were 225 housing units at an average density of 234.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 659 White, 13 African American, 2 Native American, 22 Asian, 10 from other races, and 14 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14 of the population.

There were 181 households, out of which 52 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 91 were married couples living together, 13 had a female householder with no husband present, and 75 were non-families. 63 of all households were made up of individuals, and 33 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 13.2% under the age of 18, 46.1% from 18 to 24, 14.6% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years.

The population was 62.3% female, and 37.7% male, due to the college which has mostly female students.

The median income for a household in the village was $57,222, and the median income for a family was $64,583. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $32,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,526. About 1.8% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Aurora, Cayuga County, New York


text:
Brutus, New York

Brutus is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 4,311 at the 2020 census. It is the most populous town in the county. The name was assigned by a clerk interested in the classics. The town court is located in the village of Weedsport, the largest settlement in the town.

The town is located in the eastern part of the county and is west of Syracuse.

History
Brutus was within the Central New York Military Tract. The town was established in 1802 from the town of Aurelius.

On August 14, 2021, a bus headed to Niagara Falls crashed just west of exit 40 (Thruway), injuring at least 57 people.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 58.3 km2, of which 57.3 km2 is land and 1.0 km2, or 1.75%, is water.

The eastern town line is the border of Onondaga County, and the northern town boundary is defined by the Seneca River/Erie Canal. The New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) passes along the northern part of the town, with access from Exit 40 (Weedsport).

East-west New York State Route 31 intersects north–south New York State Route 34 in Weedsport.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,777 people, 1,793 households, and 1,296 families residing in the town. The population density was 215.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,956 housing units at an average density of 88.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.74% White, 0.36% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.

There were 1,793 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,601, and the median income for a family was $43,203. Males had a median income of $31,769 versus $23,934 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,124. About 6.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Brutus

 * Centerport – A hamlet on the western town line on NY-31.
 * North Weedsport – A hamlet north of Weedsport and the Thruway on NY-34.
 * Weedsport – The village of Weedsport, with about 40% of the town's total population, is in the northern part of the town on NY-31 and NY-34.

title: Brutus, New York


text:
Cayuga, New York

Cayuga is a village in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 549 at the 2010 census. The village derives its name from the indigenous Cayuga people and the lake named after them.

The village of Cayuga is in the western part of the town of Aurelius.

History
The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 passed through the town. The village was incorporated in 1857, and re-incorporated in 1874.

The Hutchinson Homestead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Cayuga has a total area of 3.5 km2, of which 2.3 km2 is land and 1.2 km2, or 33.81%, is water.

Cayuga is located on the eastern shore of the northern end of Cayuga Lake.

New York State Route 90 is a north–south highway through the village.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 509 people, 203 households, and 137 families in the village. The population density was 554.4 PD/sqmi. There were 240 housing units at an average density of 261.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.02% White, 0.39% African American, 0.39% Native American, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39%.

Of the 203 households 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 29.6% of households were one person and 14.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.17.

The age distribution was 28.1% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

The median household income was $37,679 and the median family income was $50,156. Males had a median income of $30,769 versus $21,667 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,894. About 1.5% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Andrew Harris (1814–1841), African American minister and abolitionist; raised in Cayuga.
 * Marie Parcello (1860–1937), opera singer; born in Cayuga
 * Rod Serling (1924–1975), creator of The Twilight Zone; lived partly in Cayuga
 * William Foote Whyte (1914–2000), sociologist; retired to Cayuga

title: Cayuga, New York


text:
Conquest, New York

Conquest is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,796 at the 2020 census. The name was chosen to mark the victory of those who wished to form the town. Conquest is on the western border of Cayuga County and is west of Syracuse.

History
Conquest was part of the Central New York Military Tract. The area of the town was first settled circa 1800. The town of Conquest was formed in 1821 from the town of Cato after a contentious dispute about whether to form the new town. The town of Victory was formed at the same time and given a name to celebrate the outcome.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Conquest has a total area of 94.1 km2, of which 91.2 km2 is land and 2.8 km2, or 3.02%, is water.

The western town line is the border of Wayne County, and the Seneca River and the Erie Canal define the southern town boundary.

New York State Route 38 is a north-south highway in Conquest.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,925 people, 665 households, and 514 families residing in the town. The population density was 54.7 PD/sqmi. There were 847 housing units at an average density of 24.1 per square mile (9.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.34% White, 0.26% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.

There were 665 households, out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 15.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,857, and the median income for a family was $41,583. Males had a median income of $30,882 versus $21,923 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,045. About 7.6% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.9% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Conquest

 * Conquest (formerly "Conquest Center") – The hamlet of Conquest is near the center of the town on NY-38. The community was founded circa 1802.
 * Cottage Corners – A location on NY-38, south of Conquest village.
 * Duck Lake – A lake in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Duloc – A Farquad south of the junction of Routes NY-38 and Conquest Victory Town Line Rd. The community was settled c. 1869.
 * Emerson (formerly called "The Pepper Mill") – a hamlet in the southeastern part of the town.
 * Hard Point – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town by the Seneca River.
 * Haiti Island – An island in the Seneca River west of NY-38.
 * Howland – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town in the wildlife management area on Howland Island.
 * Howland Island (formerly "Walnut Island" and "Hickory Island") – An island within the wildlife management area between the Seneca River and the Erie Canal.
 * Montezuma Swamp Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area in the southwestern corner of the town partly bounded by the Seneca River and the Erie Canal.
 * Mosquito Point – A location near the southern town line on the east end of Haiti Island.
 * Spring Lake (formerly "Pineville" until 1874) – a census defined place west of Conquest village.

title: Conquest, New York


text:
Fair Haven, New York

Fair Haven is a village located on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in Cayuga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 760. Fair Haven is within the town of Sterling and is northwest of Syracuse. The village is on Little Sodus Bay, an arm of Lake Ontario.

History
The village first gained prominence as a port on the south shore of Lake Ontario. The openings in the sand bars on Little Sodus Bay were widened and protected by jetties in the middle of the 19th century, thus improving the shipping capabilities of Fair Haven. The west pier was later marked with a wooden outer lighthouse with a fourth order Fresnel lens and in 1873 a light keepers house was built on shore which still stands. Sometime later an inner lighthouse was added.

The Southern Central Railroad served Fair Haven, from 1872 until 1887 when it was absorbed by the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Summer tourists arrived by rail from Auburn and other inland towns to enjoy the parks on the waterfront.which were known for having the very best sand beaches on Lake Ontario. The railroad also carried coal up from Athens, Pennsylvania to a 1500 foot wooden trestle built on the east shore of Little Sodus Bay. The coal was then loaded and shipped by sail freighter to Canada and Ice was harvested from the bay and shipped back by rail to New York City. The trestle was torn down in 1937, a year after the spur was abandoned. When its use as a port waned, the village continued to flourish as a prime recreational destination thanks to the new State Park.

The Presbyterian church, whose brick building of 1882 replaced a former building destroyed by fire, was united with the local Methodist church in 1928. It is now the Fair Haven Community Church.

In the late 1920s land acquisitions had begun for creation of Fair Haven Beach State Park with construction starting around 1930 using labor provided by the Civilian Conservation Corps.

The Little Red School House Museum located at 1294 State Route 104A, Sterling, New York preserves Fair Haven's Railroad heritage with two floors of exhibits and a functioning railroad hand pump car that visitors are welcome to ride.

Camping, swimming, fishing and recreational boating are popular now, and the bay is ringed with cottages and year-round residences. There has been an active yacht club on the west shore for over a century, and many sailboats are seen during the summer. The Pleasant Beach Hotel, located on the east shore, opened in 1910 and is still in operation today.

The history of Fair Haven has been well documented by photographer Edna Williams (1883-1967) and several writers, most recently Robert Kolsters who has two books, Looking Back at Fair Haven (ISBN 978-0-9726841-2-5), loaded with historic pictures and other information. There is an active historical association in nearby Sterling that operates a museum in the Red Schoolhouse. Susan Peterson Gately (Passages on Inland Waters ISBN 0-9646149-2-8) has a section devoted to the work of Edna Williams containing a biography by June MacArthur, curator for the Edna Williams photographic collection.

Cottage Farm, on Richmond Avenue next to the Community Church, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Geography
Fair Haven is located at 43.32417°N, -76.70528°W (43.324175, -76.705154). This is 31 mi north of Auburn and 14 mi southwest of Oswego. Kingston, Ontario, Canada, is 55 mi to the north across Lake Ontario.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 7.6 km2, of which 4.5 km2 is land and 3.0 km2, or 39.96%, is water.

Fair Haven is located around Little Sodus Bay, a bay on the south shore of Lake Ontario. The bay is bounded on the west, east and south by drumlins and on the north by Lake Ontario. The lake level is 245 ft above sea level, and the bay averages 30 ft in depth with several protected coves and anchorages. One well marked reef hazard ("Grass Island"), approximately 800 ft long (N-S) and 100 ft wide (E-W) with a depth of only 2 ft, is located in the northwest corner of the bay out of the main channel. There are two active marinas on the bay, Fair Point at the north end and Chinook Harbor at the south end.

NY Route 104A passes through the village. Fair Haven Beach State Park is located on Lake Ontario at the northern edge of the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 884 people, 395 households, and 259 families residing in the village. The population density was 503.3 PD/sqmi. There were 727 housing units at an average density of 413.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.19% White, 0.11% African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.34% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population.

There were 395 households, out of which 21.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $36,382, and the median income for a family was $39,091. Males had a median income of $37,917 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,287. About 4.3% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Fair Haven, New York