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Fairfield, Iowa

Fairfield is a city in, and the county seat of, Jefferson County, Iowa. It has a population of 9,416 people, according to the 2020 census. The median family income is $46,138, with 10% of families below the poverty line.

It became the county seat in 1839 with 110 residents and grew to 650 by 1847. Its library was established in 1853, and it held its first fair in 1854. Early architecture in Fairfield includes work by George Franklin Barber and Barry Byrne.

History
The area now known as Jefferson County was first settled in 1836 and became Jefferson County in 1839, with the new community of Fairfield as the county seat. The name was suggested by Nancy Bonnifield, one of the settlers, because it aptly described the fair fields of the area. But author Susan Welty suggests it was also a play of words on the woman's own name (bonny field). By 1840, Fairfield had a population of 110 and grew to 650 in 1847. The city was the site of the first and second Iowa State Fairs.

The first fair was held October 25–27, 1854, on 6 acre of land surrounded by a 10 ft fence. The total cost to hold the fair was around $320, and public admission was 25 cents per person. It is estimated that between 7,000 and 10,000 fair goers attended this historical event. Parsons College was founded in 1875. In 1893, the Carnegie Library was completed, the first west of the Mississippi. During the time leading up to the American Civil War, Fairfield was a stopping point for the Underground Railroad. Ultimately, over 1,600 residents of Jefferson County served in the Union Army.

Early architecture in Fairfield includes Victorian houses designed by George Franklin Barber, as well as a 1915 house designed by Barry Byrne, who trained under Frank Lloyd Wright. A 1930s bank building was designed in the Streamline Moderne style. Commercial and institutional architecture were influenced by the Louden Industries, including the Louden Foundry. Fairfield is the site of the prototype Carnegie library.

In 1892, Senator "Jefferson Jim" Wilson met with Andrew Carnegie and secured a grant to build the first community-based library in the U.S. This served as the model for 2,700 libraries worldwide. The Richardsonian Romanesque work is now operated by Indian Hills Community College as a satellite campus building, as a new library was built in 1996.

Parsons College later received a grant to build a Carnegie Library. Fairfield became one of the few cities that had two Carnegie Libraries.

Geography
Fairfield's geography is typical of the American Midwest: around the city is rolling farmland specializing in corn, soybeans, cattle and hogs. Running west–east through the city is U.S. Route 34; the city of Burlington is to the east and Ottumwa to the west. Iowa Highway 1 runs from north to south through Fairfield, leading north to Iowa City and south to the Missouri state border.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.42 sqmi, of which 6.26 sqmi are land and 0.16 sqmi are water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,464 people, 4,201 households, and 2,218 families residing in the city. The population density was 1511.8 PD/sqmi. There were 4,650 housing units at an average density of 742.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.3% White, 2.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 3.9% Asian, 1.4% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.6% of the population.

There were 4,201 households, of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.2% were non-families. 39.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.76.

The median age in the city was 46 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 35.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,509 people, 4,063 households, and 2,372 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,657.4 PD/sqmi. There were 4,463 housing units at an average density of 777.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.35% White, 0.99% African American, 0.16% Native American, 2.53% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.64% of the population.

There were 4,063 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,202, and the median income for a family was $46,138. Males had a median income of $34,750 versus $24,830 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,673. About 10.1% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

There are 4,437 total housing units in Fairfield, 33.3% were built before 1939, 20.4% between 1940 and 1959, 12.7 between 1960 and 1969, 9.2 between 1970 and 1979, 15.5 between 1980 and 1989, 4.6 between 1990 and 1994, 2.5 between 1995 and 1998, and 1.8 between 1998 and 1999. The median home value in Fairfield is $73,200.

Economy
According to an article in The New York Times, the city "thrives largely on its abundance of start-up companies". Members of the community have established over 400 businesses in areas such as software, manufacturing, and trading. The Agri-Industrial Products company was founded in 1978 and became one of the nation's largest manufacturers of construction warning barrels and other products made of plastic. The city is also home to Creative Edge, a ceramic tile manufacturer.

In 1990, Iowa Governor Terry Branstad called the city "one of the state's economic superstars". A 1997 report said the city had a significant number of entrepreneur businesses including a tofu company, several software firms, a chimney supplies wholesaler, wholefoods grocery store, an oil brokerage, and a telecommunications company. These new companies were reported in 1999 to have "created up to 1,500 jobs in high tech businesses ranging from telecommunications companies to Internet providers to PC-oriented magazines". Later, the city was dubbed "Silicorn Valley" because of the preponderance of new businesses that were Internet and information based, founded by practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation technique.

In the 1990s, Fairfield had an average of $10 million in new construction each year. Some of the construction was in the Maharishi Sthapatya Veda style of architecture and included entrances that face either due east or due north, causing some businesses and homeowners to close their south and west facing entrances. Eco friendly subdivisions that border Fairfield and also use the architectural principles of Maharishi Sthapatya Veda include Cypress Villages, a 145 acre development north of the city, and Abundance Ecovillage, an off-the-grid community of 14 homes built in three clusters north of Fairfield. The first LEED Platinum home in the state of Iowa was built nearby in the Cypress Villages Subdivision. Cypress Villages applied to the state for incorporation as it could not be annexed into either Fairfield or Maharishi Vedic City. That request was denied until such time as more services could be offered by the community. In addition, nearby Maharishi Vedic City, located two miles (3 km) north of Fairfield, began as a subdivision and incorporated as a city in 2001. The city sponsors an annual Eco-Fair and has more solar energy homes and green building than any other city in Iowa.

In 2003, a report by the National Center for Small Communities selected Fairfield as a recipient of The Grassroots Rural Entrepreneurship Award, saying that the city "has become recognized as one [of] the nation's most entrepreneurial small towns." The report said that Fairfield had created over 2,000 jobs in the previous 15 years and that new construction averages $10 million per year. That same year, it received the Community Vitality Center's Entrepreneurial Community of the Year award. According to City officials, Fairfield received investments of over $200 million in venture capital from approximately 1990 to 2004. A 2004 National Public Radio report said that over the past 20 years "TM proponents" had created thousands of jobs and more than 200 businesses.

In 2008, the city was the "home of 40 software development and telecom companies" and according to a 2009 report from the University of Iowa's Community Vitality Center, Fairfield has had more than $250 million invested across 50 different companies since 1990. These companies have included various financial services as well as those in marketing, software and telecom. This has created 3000 local jobs, plus "12,000 jobs globally, and nearly $1 billion in new equity".

In 2009, the Fairfield Entrepreneurs Association (FEA) celebrated its 20th year. In 2011, the FEA published the Fairifield Edge magazine that contains profiles of over 40 businesses and organizations and describes the entrepreneurial culture of Fairfield and "asset quilting" to support civic and social entrepreneurship. In 2003, the city began hosting National Rural Entrepreneurial Gatherings, which are now called the FRED Conference (Focus on Rural Entrepreneurial Development). An article in the IEDC Economic Development Journal described Fairfield as a Rural Renaissance City because of its entrepreneurial population.

A 2011 article in The Atlantic reported that newcomers to the town had founded more than 400 new businesses in the fields of marketing, computer programming and manufacturing, including 40 telecom and software companies. The city's largest employer was reported to be the national broker/dealer services firm called Cambridge Investment Research, with about 400 local employees.

Arts and culture
A library was established in Fairfield in 1853 and was the first library in the state of Iowa. It was first housed in a rented room off the city square. Fairfield's library became the first Carnegie Library outside of Pennsylvania or Scotland funded by Andrew Carnegie, who donated $40,000 to build the library. The Carnegie building on the corner of Washington and Court streets became the library's home on November 28, 1893. Then in May 1996, the library moved to its present location on West Adams Street. The library has over 220,000 items and received accreditation from the State Library of Iowa in 2009.

Fairfield is home to the Fairfield Arts & Convention Center (FACC), a 32000 sqft building that cost $6 million to build. The complex consists of a 522-seat proscenium theatre, a business pavilion, meeting rooms, executive conference suite, art gallery, commercial kitchen, offices and outdoor plaza. The convention center features 7700 sqft of exhibition space and 5000 sqft of meeting space. The facility opened on December 7, 2007, with a theater named the Stephen Sondheim Center for the Performing Arts, after the American composer, Stephen Sondheim. As the first theater named after Sondheim, its opening production included seven Broadway actors connected with Sondheim's plays. In May 2010, the FACC facility became "essentially" city-owned, following a citywide vote.

On the first Friday night of every month, Fairfield hosts the 1st Fridays Art Walk, which attracts more than 2,500 visitors and showcases local and national artists in downtown galleries and occasional live, outdoor music.

In 2009, a concert by The Beach Boys and The Nadas was held on the Fairfield Middle School grounds, as a benefit for the FACC and the city's Green Sustainability Plan. The concert was sponsored by the David Lynch Foundation. This was the 40th and final performance of The Beach Boys' summer tour of 2009. Fairfield was selected by the Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs to be one of six Iowa Great Places to participate in new program to revitalize the cultural arts in 2010.

Fairfield has been described as an "international center" for Transcendental Meditation; a "national magnet" and "the world's largest training center" for practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation technique. Many of its current residents moved there to participate in the group practice of the TM and TM-Sidhi program inside one of the two Golden Domes built in 1981 and 1982 on the Maharishi International University campus. Locally, TM practitioners are sometimes called "roos", slang for gurus, a term they have appropriated, although they "refer to themselves as meditators". Fairfield natives are sometimes known as "townies". Yogic Flyers living in Fairfield who are not part of the university are said to be members of the "Town Super Radiance" (TSR) community. In 2004, National Public Radio reported that "after 30 years, many in Iowa are comfortable with Fairfield's TM community" and a 2008 article in The Wall Street Journal said "natives lived uneasily with the outsiders...but the election of Mr. Malloy [in 2001]... helped ease those tensions".

Author Jack Forem wrote in 2012 that Fairfield is home to one of the largest synagogues in Iowa and one of the largest Liberal Catholic Churches in the nation. That year Oprah Winfrey visited Fairfield to interview citizens and was given a tour the town. An account of her visit titled "America's Most Unusual Town", was broadcast in March 2012 via the Oprah Winfrey Network.

Parks and recreation
Fairfield has 12 public parks and recreation areas consisting of over 1,300 acres (over 5.5 km2) and a "master trail plan" underway that includes a 17 mi trail system. Some of the trail is paved, five miles (8 km) of the trail is covered with lime chips, while other areas include traditional wooded paths. The trail system connects several areas of interest, including the Neff Family Wetlands dike, and the BNSF Trail segment, which crosses a new bridge that joins Walton Lake with Chautauqua Park. The final trail plan includes a "heritage path" leading to historical sites and a water trail that connects the area's river and three lakes. In 2012, Fairfield was selected "as one of ten finalists" in the Blue Zones community "small city category" primarily because of its "many walking trails and outdoor activities". In 2015, Fairfield was named a certified Blue Zones Community.

Government

Fairfield is governed by a seven-member city council headed by a mayor. The current mayor, Connie Boyer, was elected in 2019. City council members serve staggered four-year terms. The council consists of one representative from each of the city's five wards, plus two at-large representatives. As of 2024, city council members are Elizabeth Estey (at large), Doug Flournoy (at large), Terri Kness (Ward 1), Paul Gandy (Ward 2), Judy Ham (Ward 3), Matthew Rowe (Ward 4), and Tom Twohill (Ward 5). Fairfield's city administrator is Doug Reinert.

Sustainability
Fairfield's grassroots efforts to create a sustainable community that focuses on reducing energy and protecting resources have been supported by a position created by Iowa State University extension services and the City of Fairfield.

Former Mayor Malloy described the city's agenda for sustainability as aggressive, and includes a Green Strategic Plan covering everything from conservation, local farms, local food, alternative transportation, and bike paths and trails. In 2009 the city qualified for an $80,000 grant from the state Office of Energy Independence as funding for a sustainability plan scheduled to be completed in 2020. The city was one of 21 locations to receive the state Governor's Environmental Excellence Award in 2013 after it reduced its energy consumption by more than 8% in one year. As of 2013, Fairfield had installed $60,000 worth of solar panels on its public library building and through state and local funding the city had created a $4 million "energy-efficiency loan fund."

Education
The Fairfield Community School District is home to nearly 2,500 students, teachers, administrators and staff, with two elementary schools (Pence Elementary and Washington Elementary), a middle school, and a 3A high school. The high school has approximately 630 students and 75 staff members. The current high school building was built in 1939 on 23.2 acre. The total cost of the construction was approximately $550,000. In 1984, an addition to the school provided a commons area, new library, new kitchen, a counseling office, and an expansion of the gymnasium. In the 2001–2002 school year, the district added a new transportation building.

In 2010, Lincoln Elementary school was closed due to budget cuts. Also, all fifth grade classes were moved to the Fairfield Middle School. The Fairfield school board voted to use the building for Fairfield High School's alternative school in 2010–11. Fairfield was also home to Fairfield Christian School for a number of years.

Fairfield also has two private schools, Maharishi School (US) and Singing Cedars. The city is home to Maharishi International University (MIU) (formerly Maharishi University of Management [MUM]), a private university that moved to Fairfield in 1974 after purchasing the former campus of Parsons College. Following a national conference held in 1979, about 800 people moved to Fairfield at the urging of MIU's founder.

Media
Fairfield has several radio stations, including KHOE 90.5 FM, KKFD-FM 95.9, and KMCD 1570 AM. Fairfield's local television station is called FPAC (Fairfield Public Access). Fairfield's local newspaper is called the Southeast Iowa Union, which serves Fairfield, Washington, and Mt. Pleasant. In 2024, the Union shifted from five-times-a-week morning newspaper to two times a week (Tuesday and Thursday).
 * Radio
 * Television
 * Newspaper

Transportation
The nearest large commercial airport with jet service is the Eastern Iowa Airport in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, approximately 90 mi to the north. The Southeast Iowa Regional Airport near Burlington, Iowa, approximately 50 mi to the east offers limited commercial airline service on turboprop aircraft to St. Louis and Chicago. Fairfield has a small airport north of the city, which was built in 1967 and renovated in 2006. The Fairfield Municipal Airport is a general use, public airport. It offers 5550 ft of concrete runway. Bus service to Fairfield is provided by Greyhound Lines affiliates Jefferson Lines and Burlington Trailways.

Amtrak carries passengers west–east on the California Zephyr, with passenger stations in Mount Pleasant, (25 miles to the east) and Ottumwa (20 miles to the west). Rail service is by Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) railway. Locomotives no longer sound their horns within city limits after the city established a railroad Quiet Zone in 2012.

The Rock Island Line also passed through Fairfield, but closed in the late 1970s. The old steel trestle has been removed from its crossing, and the walking trail that circumnavigates the city uses part of the old roadbed.

Evidence of other long-forgotten rail lines can be found in the woods around the city. A section of narrow gauge roadbed can be found cutting its way through Whitham Woods, a park on Fairfield's western edge.

Notable people

 * Richard Beymer, actor, resident of Fairfield
 * Buddy Biancalana, former Major League Baseball player, resident of Fairfield
 * Greg Brown, folk musician, born in Fairfield
 * Fannie Brown Patrick, musician and civic leader
 * Ben Carter, American actor, born in Fairfield
 * Flavia Colgan, political contributor on MSNBC, attended Maharishi High School while her father Kevin Colgan served as Principal.
 * Joe Crail, former member of the United States House of Representatives for California, born in Fairfield
 * Walter Day, founder of Twin Galaxies, resident of Fairfield
 * Dave Despain, sportscaster, born in Fairfield
 * Djemba Djemba, multi-platinum record producer, raised in Fairfield
 * Ben Foster, actor, raised in Fairfield
 * Jon Foster, actor, former resident of Fairfield
 * John Hagelin, quantum physicist, three-time United States Presidential candidate, resident of Fairfield
 * Milo Hamilton, baseball announcer, born in Fairfield
 * Harry Harlow, psychologist, born in Fairfield
 * Bernhart Henn, U.S. Congressman, early resident of Fairfield
 * Claire Hoffman, journalist, attended school in Fairfield
 * Michigan Jake, bass singer, Greg Hollander born in Fairfield. World Champion, Vocal Group Hall of Fame 2001
 * John Jackson, gold and bronze medal winner at the 1912 Summer Olympics, resident of Fairfield
 * Rebecca J. Keck, 19th century female physician and patent medicine entrepreneur, born in Fairfield
 * Orpha Klinker, artist known for her plein air paintings landscapes
 * Hugh J. Knerr, major general in the United States Air Force, born in Farifield
 * Bob Krause, Iowa, state representative, resident of Fairfield
 * Richard L. Lawson, four-star general, born in Fairfield
 * Pamela Levy, painter, born in Fairfield
 * Eli Lieb, independent singer-songwriter, originally from Fairfield
 * Moses A. McCoid, U.S. Representative from Iowa, studied law in Fairfield
 * David Rosenboom, composer, born in Fairfield
 * Mary Ruthsdotter, feminist activist, born in Fairfield
 * Chad Setterstrom, former National Football League player, resident of Fairfield
 * Max Steinberg, professional poker player, born in Fairfield
 * Matt Stutzman, silver medal winner in archery at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, holder of the world record for the longest, most accurate shot in archery
 * Nick Webster, former British professional soccer player for Wyre Villa, resides in Fairfield
 * Hays B. White, Kansas, state politician and lawmaker, born near Fairfield
 * James F. Wilson, former United States Senator, resided in Fairfield
 * Mehitable E. Woods (1813–1891), hero of the American Civil War

title: Fairfield, Iowa


text:
Libertyville, Iowa

Libertyville is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 274 at the time of the 2020 census. It was platted in 1845.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.49 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 315 people, 132 households, and 86 families living in the city. The population density was 642.9 PD/sqmi. There were 142 housing units at an average density of 289.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.8% White, 0.3% Native American, 1.3% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 132 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.8% were non-families. Of all households 31.8% were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the city was 38.2 years; 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 12.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 325 people, 138 households, and 85 families living in the city. The population density was 665.4 PD/sqmi. There were 143 housing units at an average density of 292.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.54% White, 0.31% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.31% Asian, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.

There were 138 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. Of all households 32.6% were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,071, and the median income for a family was $41,875. Males had a median income of $27,250 versus $17,656 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,368. About 9.8% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Thomas Jefferson Majors, former U.S. Representative from Nebraska

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Libertyville, Iowa


text:
Lockridge, Iowa

Lockridge is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 244 at the time of the 2020 census. Lockridge was one of the communities considered for the county seat in 1839, but lost out to Fairfield.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.74 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
The estimated median house or condo value in 2009 was $49,488, increasing from 2000 when it was $30,000.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 268 people, 107 households, and 77 families living in the city. The population density was 362.2 PD/sqmi. There were 123 housing units at an average density of 166.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White and 3.4% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.5% of the population.

There were 107 households, of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.0% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the city was 39 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 33.2% were from 45 to 64; and 10.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.2% male and 47.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 275 people, 103 households, and 73 families living in the city. The population density was 376.8 PD/sqmi. There were 109 housing units at an average density of 149.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.09% of the population.

There were 103 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $22,679 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,347. About 5.5% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.1% of those 65 or over.

title: Lockridge, Iowa


text:
Packwood, Iowa

Packwood is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 183 at the time of the 2020 census. The Burlington and Western Railway arrived in Packwood in late 1882. This was a narrow gauge line, widened to standard gauge in 1902 and taken over by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and then sold to the Minneapolis and St. Louis in 1934.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.76 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 204 people, 85 households, and 52 families living in the city. The population density was 268.4 PD/sqmi. There were 96 housing units at an average density of 126.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 1.0% African American, 0.5% Pacific Islander, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 85 households, of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.8% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 41.5 years. 30.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.6% were from 25 to 44; 30.5% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.1% male and 55.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 223 people, 101 households, and 65 families living in the city. The population density was 289.9 PD/sqmi. There were 108 housing units at an average density of 140.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.65% White and 1.35% Native American.

There were 101 households, of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,000, and the median income for a family was $37,321. Males had a median income of $28,438 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,081. None of the families and 0.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 3.3% of those over 64.

Education
Packwood is in the Pekin Community School District.

title: Packwood, Iowa


text:
Pleasant Plain, Iowa

Pleasant Plain is a city in northeast Penn Township, Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. At the time of the 2020 census, the population was 84.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.02 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 93 people, 41 households, and 31 families living in the city. The population density was 91.2 PD/sqmi. There were 47 housing units at an average density of 46.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 41 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.4% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.61.

The median age in the city was 45.5 years. 16.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 32.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.7% male and 47.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 131 people, 52 households, and 39 families living in the city. The population density was 129.2 PD/sqmi. There were 57 housing units at an average density of 56.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 52 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,125, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $26,750 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,282. There were 24.3% of families and 25.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 50.0% of under eighteens and 20.0% of those over 64.

title: Pleasant Plain, Iowa


text:
Coralville, Iowa

Coralville is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is a suburb of Iowa City and part of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 22,318 at the 2020 census.

History
Coralville is the location of the Edgewater Park Site, a 3,800-year-old archaeological site along the Iowa River. Edgewater is the oldest site in Iowa with evidence of domesticated plant use.

Coralville incorporated as a city on June 1, 1857. The city's name is derived from the fossils that are found in the limestone along the Iowa River. In 1864, Louis Agassiz, a Harvard University zoologist, gave a lecture at the nearby University of Iowa titled "The Coral Reefs of Iowa City". During the lecture, he presented local samples of fossilized Devonian period coral. The lecture was well received and helped raise public interest in the local fossils. In 1866, more corals were discovered at the site of a new mill, inspiring the citizens of the area to name the settlement "Coralville". The first mill at Coralville was built in 1844, and in the years that followed, a number of watermills were powered by the Coralville mill dam along the Iowa River, but all of the mills had closed by 1900, except for a low-head hydroelectric plant that remained in operation until the mid 20th century.

Coralville is also the location where some 1300 Mormon immigrants stopped to make camp in their migration of 1856 after having traveled west by rail to Iowa City, which was the westernmost rail terminus at the time. They built handcarts out of native woods during their encampment so that an adult could haul a 600–700 pound load and cover about 15 miles per day on foot in their continuing trek to Salt Lake City. A historical marker commemorating the Mormon Handcart Brigade was erected in 1936 by the Iowa Society DAR, with members of the Pilgrim Chapter present. Originally placed just south of 5th Street and west of 10th Street, it was moved in 1998 to S. T. Morrison Park and rededicated by the Nathaniel Fellows Chapter, placed near the entrance and pond. Today, the Mormon Handcart Park and Nature Preserve commemorates the site. There is also a street, Mormon Trek Blvd, named for the Mormons who went through that area.

After World War II, Coralville began to grow as many university students began to make their homes there. It had only 433 people in 1940, but by 1970 Coralville's population had jumped to 6,130. The construction of Interstate 80 in the 1960s brought several motels, fast-food restaurants, and gas stations to Coralville.

By the mid-1960s, the independent school district of Coralville was annexed by the Iowa City Community School District. Junior and senior high school students rode buses into Iowa City. Elementary (K-6) students attended Central Elementary School. Kirkwood Elementary school was opened in the fall of 1964, giving the growing town its second school. By the fall of 1968, all high school students from Coralville began attending the newly opened West High School. In 1971, the district built Northwest Junior High on property just to the south of Kirkwood Elementary, which then began handling seventh and eighth graders who lived west of the Iowa River. In 1997, Wickham Elementary School was opened.

In 1958, the United States Army Corps of Engineers completed Coralville Dam along the Iowa River, four miles (6 km) north of the city, creating Coralville Lake. Except for the Great Flood of 1993 and the Great Iowa flood of 2008, the dam has helped prevent serious flooding in the city. From June through August 1993, all three of Coralville's main transportation links with Iowa City were submerged. The economic impact that year was severe, but the city had almost fully recovered within two years. The 2008 flood proved to be more costly as the Iowa River surpassed the 1993 record crest at over 31.5 ft.

The First Methodist Church was built in 1963 to the designs by architect Thomas Patrick Reilly of Crites & McConnell, 860 17th Street S.E. of Cedar Rapids.

On July 29, 1998, the Coral Ridge Mall opened with more than 100 stores, then the largest shopping center in the state. Around that time a "city center" area was created along the U.S. Route 6 "strip" near its intersection with 12th Avenue. Coral Ridge Mall's opening would usher in a new era of retail development as big box stores opened in the area surrounding the mall. This has helped boost taxable sales in Coralville from $155.3 million in 1996 to $549.7 million in 2006.

Xtream Arena, a 5,100-seat venue, opened in 2020 in the city's Iowa River Landing neighborhood. Xtream Arena is home to the Iowa Heartlanders, an ECHL professional hockey team, affiliates of the Minnesota Wild and Iowa Wild.

Geography
Coralville is located in Johnson County at 41.68833°N, -91.58667°W (41.688215, -91.586764).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.05 sqmi, of which 12.01 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water.

The Iowa River runs along the east edge of Coralville and forms part of the boundary with Iowa City. Interstate 80 runs east–west through Coralville, and most of the city's newer housing subdivisions are located north of I-80. U.S. Route 6 runs along Coralville's south edge, while Interstate 380, U.S. Route 218, and Iowa Highway 27 (the Avenue of the Saints) run along the city's west edge. The cloverleaf interchange of I-80 and I-380/U.S. 218/Iowa 27 is divided between the city limits of Coralville and neighboring Tiffin after recent annexations.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 18,907 people, 7,763 households, and 4,229 families residing in the city. The population density was 1574.3 PD/sqmi. There were 8,310 housing units at an average density of 691.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 79.4% White, 7.9% African American, 0.3% Native American, 7.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.1% of the population.

There were 7,763 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.5% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 3.01.

The median age in the city was 31.6 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 36.5% were from 25 to 44; 22.2% were from 45 to 64; and 7.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 15,123 people, 6,467 households, and 3,317 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,484.1 PD/sqmi. There were 6,754 housing units at an average density of 662.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.97% White, 4.23% African American, 0.34% Native American, 5.20% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.07% from other races, and 2.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.04% of the population.

There were 6,467 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.7% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.96.

21.9% of the population are under the age of 18, 15.2% from 18 to 24, 40.9% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,080, and the median income for a family was $57,869. Males had a median income of $35,288 versus $30,356 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,283. About 6.1% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Media
Coralville has one licensed low-power FM station, KOUR-LP at 92.7 FM. KCJJ 1630 AM, which is licensed to Iowa City, began broadcasting from studios in Coralville's Iowa River Landing in 2007, but has since returned to its previous studios.

Coralville and Johnson County are part of the Cedar Rapids media market. Mediacom is the city's cable television provider.

Transportation
Local bus service is provided by Coralville Transit, while commuter bus service to Iowa City and Cedar Rapids is provided by the 380 Express.

Notable people

 * Tina L. Cheng, Chair of Pediatrics of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
 * Nate Kaeding, San Diego Chargers and former University of Iowa placekicker.
 * Jason McCartney, professional cyclist, Team RadioShack.
 * Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor of Iowa, Senator from Iowa, Secretary of the Interior.
 * Steven B. Jepson, opera and musical theater singer.

title: Coralville, Iowa


text:
Hills, Iowa

Hills is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 863 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Iowa City Community School District.

Geography
Hills is located at 41.55694°N, -91.535°W (41.557041, -91.534992).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.63 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 703 people, 299 households, and 190 families living in the city. The population density was 1115.9 PD/sqmi. There were 349 housing units at an average density of 554.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 0.3% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 1.6% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.

There were 299 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.5% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.73.

The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 30.5% were from 45 to 64; and 19.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 679 people, 250 households, and 172 families living in the city. The population density was 1,140.9 PD/sqmi. There were 257 housing units at an average density of 431.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.91% White, 0.44% African American, 1.03% Asian, 1.18% from other races, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 250 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.95.

24.0% are under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,477, and the median income for a family was $57,386. Males had a median income of $36,429 versus $29,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,918. About 5.0% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Hills, Iowa


text:
Iowa City, Iowa

Iowa City is the county seat and largest city of Johnson County, Iowa, United States. At the time of the 2020 census the population was 74,828, making it the state's fifth-most populous city. The Iowa City metropolitan area, which encompasses Johnson and Washington counties, has a population of over 171,000. The metro area is also a part of a combined statistical area with the Cedar Rapids metro area known as the Iowa City-Cedar Rapids region which collectively has a population of nearly 500,000.

Iowa City is the home of the University of Iowa. It was the second capital of the Iowa Territory and the first capital city of the State of Iowa; the Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark in the center of the University of Iowa campus. The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove, the home of the first governor of Iowa, are also tourist attractions.

History
Iowa City was created by an act of Legislative Assembly of the Iowa Territory on January 21, 1839, fulfilling the desire of Governor Robert Lucas to move the capital out of Burlington and closer to the center of the territory. This act began:

An Act to locate the Seat of Government of the Territory of Iowa ... so soon as the place shall be selected, and the consent of the United States obtained, the commissioners shall proceed to lay out a town to be called "Iowa City".

Commissioners Chauncey Swan and John Ronalds met on May 1 in the small settlement of Napoleon, south of present-day Iowa City, to select a site for the new capital city. The following day the commissioners selected a site on bluffs above the Iowa River north of Napoleon, placed a stake in the center of the proposed site and began planning the new capital city. Commissioner Swan, in a report to the legislature in Burlington, described the site:

"Iowa City is located on a section of land laying in the form of an amphitheater. There is an eminence on the west near the river, running parallel with it.'"

By June of that year, the town had been platted and surveyed from Brown St. in the north to Burlington St. in the south, and from the Iowa River eastward to Governor St.

While Iowa City was selected as the territorial capital in 1839, it did not officially become the capital city until 1841; after construction on the capitol building had begun. The capitol building was completed in 1842, and the last four territorial legislatures and the first six Iowa General Assemblies met there until 1857, when the state capital was moved to Des Moines.

Iowa Old Capitol Building
John F. Rague is credited with designing the Territorial Capitol Building. He had previously designed the 1837 capitol of Illinois and was supervising its construction when he got the commission to design the new Iowa capitol in 1839. He quit the Iowa project after five months, claiming his design was not followed, but the resemblance to the Illinois capitol suggests he strongly influenced the final Iowa design. One surviving 1839 sketch of the proposed capital shows a radically different layout, with two domes and a central tower. The cornerstone of the Old Capitol Building was laid in Iowa City on July 4, 1840. Iowa City served as the third and last territorial capital of Iowa, and the last four territorial legislatures met at the Old Capitol Building until December 28, 1846, when Iowa was admitted into the United States as the 29th state of the union. Iowa City was declared the state capital of Iowa, and the government convened in the Old Capitol Building.

1843 cemetery
Oakland Cemetery was deeded to "the people of Iowa City" by the Iowa territorial legislature on February 13, 1843. The original plot was one block square, with the southwest corner at Governor and Church. Over the years the cemetery has been expanded and now encompasses 40 acre. Oakland Cemetery is a non-perpetual care city cemetery. This cemetery is supported by city taxes. The staff is strongly committed to the maintenance and preservation of privately owned lots and accessories. Since its establishment, the cemetery has become the final resting place of many men and women important in the history of Iowa, of Iowa City and the University of Iowa. These include Robert E. Lucas, first governor of the territory (1838–41); Samuel J. Kirkwood, governor during the Civil War (1860–64), again in 1876, a U.S. senator in 1877, and subsequently secretary of the interior and U.S. minister to Spain; well-known presidents of the university, Walter A. Jessup (1915–33) and Virgil M. Hancher (1940–64); Cordelia Swan, daughter of one of the three commissioners who selected the site for Iowa City and the new territorial capitol; and Irving B. Weber (1900–1997), noted Iowa City historian. It is also home to the legendary monument called the "Black Angel", which is an 8.5 ft tall monument for the Feldevert family erected in 1912. The facts behind the Black Angel long ago gave way to myths, superstitions and legend surrounding its mysterious change in color from a golden bronze cast to an eerie black.

1847 University founding
Founded in 1847, today's University of Iowa offers more than 100 areas of study to 31,112 students. The university includes a medical school and one of the United States' largest university-owned teaching hospitals, providing patient care within 16 medical specialties. The University of Iowa College of Law is located there.

1970 riots
The spring of 1970 was a tumultuous time on college campuses. On April 30, President Richard Nixon announced that U.S. forces would invade Cambodia because of the recent communist coup. Students around the country protested this escalation of the Vietnam War. On May 4, the National Guard fired on students at Kent State University, killing four and wounding nine people, which ignited protests all over the country.

Anti-war protests were not new to Iowa City or to elsewhere in Iowa; protests had been occurring throughout the 1960s. Spring of 1970 was different.

After the Kent State shootings, students marched on the National Guard Armory, broke windows there as well as in some downtown businesses. The City Council gave the mayor curfew powers. On May 6, there was a student boycott of classes. That night, about 400 people had a "sleep-in" in front of the Old Capitol. That night also, about 50 people broke into the Old Capitol and set off a smoke bomb. The protesters left voluntarily when asked to do so. Around 2 am Friday morning, President Boyd requested arrest of the students on the Pentacrest by highway patrolmen, but the next day he regretted the mass arrests and said he had received faulty information. On May 8, President Boyd cancelled the 89th annual Governor's day ROTC observance for the following day. On Friday and Saturday a National Guard helicopter circled the Pentacrest.

In the early morning hours of Saturday, May 9, the Old Armory Temporary (O.A.T.), also known as "Big Pink", which housed the writing lab, was burned down. This building was located next to the Old Armory, where the Adler Journalism and Mass Communications building currently is located. O.A.T was said to be at the top of a list of buildings for burning, probably due to its poor condition and was considered a firetrap.

The Iowa Alumni Review includes an article about the fire in which the author states: "Only the ends stayed upright. ... On the south, Lou Kelly's Writing lab bearing the sign 'another mother for peace,' escaped." There was a second, smaller fire on Saturday evening in a restroom in the East Hall Annex.

By Sunday morning, President Boyd gave students the option to leave. Classes were not cancelled but students could leave and take the grade they currently had. An account of the May 1970 protests can be read in the June–July issue of the Iowa Alumni Review.

In his autobiography, My Iowa Journey: The Life Story of the University of Iowa's First African American Professor, Philip Hubbard (University Vice-Provost in 1970) gives an administrator's perspective of all the protests of the 1960s. He supported the students' right to protest and in 1966 stated: "Students should not accept everything that is dished out to them. We don't want to dictate what they should or should not do. However, student demonstrations should remain within the law and good taste without interfering with the university's primary purpose of instructing students."

During this time, there was also a strong ROTC presence on campus. Their presence on campus and the academic credit they received for their service was called into question by both students and faculty in the spring of 1970, but Boyd said he could not abolish ROTC. The Alumni Review had an article called "ROTC: Alive and well at Iowa" in the December 1969 issue which helps provide a more complete picture of this period in history.

2006 tornadoes
On the evening of April 13, 2006, a confirmed EF2 tornado struck Iowa City, causing severe property damage and displacing many from their homes, including many University of Iowa students. It was the first tornado ever recorded to hit the city directly. No serious injuries were reported in the Iowa City area.

Several businesses along Riverside Drive and Iowa Highway 1 were destroyed. The 134-year-old Saint Patrick's Catholic Church was heavily damaged only minutes after Holy Thursday Mass, with most of its roof destroyed. The building was ruled a total loss and has since been demolished. The downtown business district as well as the eastern residential area and several parks suffered scattered damage of varying degrees.

Additionally, several houses in the sorority row area were destroyed. The Alpha Chi Omega house was nearly destroyed, though no one was injured. The building was later razed. Cleanup efforts were under way almost immediately as local law enforcement, volunteer workers from all over the state, and Iowa City residents and college students worked together to restore the city. The total cost of damage was estimated at $12 million–$4 million of which was attributed to Iowa City and Johnson County property.

2008 flood
A local newspaper reported on June 11, 2008, that water exceeded the emergency spillway at the Coralville Reservoir outside of Iowa City. As a result, the City of Iowa City and the University of Iowa were seriously affected by unprecedented flooding of the Iowa River, which caused widespread property damage and forced evacuations in large sections of the city. By Friday, June 13, 2008, the Iowa River had risen to a record level of 30.46 ft (5:00 pm CST) with a crest of approximately 33 ft predicted for Wednesday, June 18, 2008. Much of the city's 500-year floodplain saw mild to catastrophic effects of the rapidly flowing, polluted water. Officials at the University of Iowa reported that up to 19 buildings were affected by rising waters. Extensive efforts to move materials from the university's main library were undertaken as large groups of sandbagging volunteers began to construct a massive levee near the building. Approximately $300 million worth of art, including work by Picasso, owned by the university was secretly moved to a holding place in the Chicago area before the fine arts area was heavily hit with flood water.

On Friday, June 13, university employees were encouraged to stay home, and travel was strongly discouraged in Iowa City; one city statement advised, "If you live in east Iowa City, stay in east Iowa City; if you live in west Iowa City, stay in west Iowa City." The Burlington St. bridge was the only bridge that remained open, other than the I-80 bridge on the edge of town, to connect the east and west sides of the Iowa River. On Saturday, June 14, officials at the University of Iowa began to power down the university's primary power generating plant along the Iowa River to prevent structural damage. Backup units continued to provide necessary power and steam services for essential University services, including the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Water began touching the bottom of the Park St. bridge forcing the Army Corps of Engineers to drill several holes in the bridge to allow air trapped underneath to escape. Also on Saturday, Mayor Regenia Bailey issued a curfew restricting anyone except those authorized by law enforcement from being within 100 yd of any area affected by the flood between 8:30 pm and 6 am.

2010s and environmental issues
On October 4, 2019, a Friday climate school strike with Greta Thunberg was held in Iowa City, where school youths protested against coal power.

Geography and climate
Iowa City is located in eastern Iowa, along the Iowa River, on Interstate 80, approximately 60 mi west of the Quad Cities (Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa, and Moline and Rock Island, Illinois).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.28 sqmi, of which 25.01 sqmi is land and 0.27 sqmi is water.

The elevation at the Iowa City Municipal Airport is 668 ft above sea level.

Iowa City has a humid continental climate, hot-summer subtype (Dfa in the Köppen climate classification). Average monthly temperatures range from about 22.8 °F in January to 75.8 °F in July. Average monthly precipitation is lowest in winter and peaks significantly from May to August, with June being the average wettest month. Showers and thunderstorms are common from May to September, and can be severe, especially from May to July. In winter, snowfall is moderate, occasionally heavy in single storms. Snow cover is occasional in drier and/or warmer winter seasons, but (rarely) can be continuous in the coldest seasons, such as that of 1978–79. The Iowa City area was struck by a severe hailstorm on May 18, 1997, and by tornadoes on April 13, 2006. Overall, Iowa City's tornado risk is lower than that of areas to the south and southwest, such as Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri.

Demographics
Iowa City is commonly known as a college town. It is home to the University of Iowa. The population increases during the months when the two schools are in session.

As of the 2010 census, about 58.0% of adults held a bachelor's degree or higher and 79.7% were white alone, not Hispanic or Latino, 6.2% were Asian alone, and 5.8% were black alone, while the median household income was $41,410, about $10,000 less than the state median.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 67,862 people, 27,657 households, and 11,743 families residing in the city. The population density was 2713.4 PD/sqmi. There were 29,270 housing units at an average density of 1170.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 82.5% White, 5.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 6.9% Asian, 2.1% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 5.3% of the population.

There were 27,657 households, of which 19.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 57.5% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the city was 25.6 years. 14.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 33.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 17.8% were from 45 to 64; and 8.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 62,220 people, 25,202 households, and 11,189 families residing in the city. The population density was 2575.0 PD/sqmi. There were 26,083 housing units at an average density of 1079.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 87.33% White, 3.75% African American, 0.31% American Indian, 5.64% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.25% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.95% of the population.

There were 25,202 households, out of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.2% were married couples living together, 2% were households with same-sex couples (2000 U.S. Census), 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 55.6% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.90.

Age spread: 16.2% under the age of 18, 32.8% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 15.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,977, and the median income for a family was $57,568. Males had a median income of $35,435 versus $28,981 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,269. About 2.7% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.

Metropolitan area
The Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Johnson and Washington counties in Iowa; Washington County was added to the MSA after the 2000 census. It had a 2000 census population of 131,676, and a 2010 population of 152,586.

Iowa City is contiguous with Coralville to the northwest. University Heights is completely contained within the boundaries of Iowa City, near Kinnick Stadium. Tiffin, North Liberty, Solon, and Hills are other towns within a few miles.

The Iowa City MSA and the nearby Cedar Rapids MSA are collectively a Combined Statistical Area (CSA). This CSA along with two additional counties are known as the Iowa City-Cedar Rapids (ICR) Corridor and collectively have a population of over 450,000.

Economy
Iowa City is home to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC), the state's only comprehensive tertiary care medical center. The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center in Iowa City is an NCI-designated Cancer Center, one of fewer than 60 in the country.

ACT college testing services is headquartered in Iowa City.

Top employers
According to Iowa City's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Arts and culture
In the early 1970s, the Old Capitol was renovated and university administrative offices were relocated to Jessup Hall. All but one of the major rooms were restored to their appearance when Iowa City was the state capital. In November 2001 the cupola caught fire during the renovation of its gold leaf dome. The cupola was destroyed and the building was heavily damaged. In 2006, after an extensive restoration, the building re-opened to the public. The building now serves as the Old Capitol Museum, as well as a venue for speeches, lectures, press conferences and performances in the original state senate chamber.

The Iowa Avenue Literary Walk, a series of bronze relief panels that feature authors' words as well as attribution, is a tribute to the city's rich literary history. The panels are visually connected by a series of general quotations about books and writing stamped into the concrete sidewalk. All 49 authors and playwrights featured in the Literary Walk have ties to Iowa.

In November 2008, UNESCO designated Iowa City as the world's third City of Literature, making it a part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. It was the only American city to receive the honor, until Seattle, Washington was designated a City of Literature in 2017.

In 2004, the Old Capitol Cultural District was one of the first Cultural Districts certified by the State of Iowa. The district extends from the University of Iowa Pentacrest, south to the Johnson County Courthouse, east to College Green Park, and north into the historic Northside Neighborhood.

Cultural events
Iowa City has a variety of cultural events. It has a strong literary history and is the home of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, whose graduates include John Irving, Flannery O'Connor, T.C. Boyle, and many other prominent U.S. authors; the nation's leading Non-Fiction Writing Program; the Iowa Playwrights' Workshop; the Iowa Summer Writing Festival; and the International Writing Program, a unique residency program that has hosted writers from more than 120 countries.

Iowa City also sponsors a variety of events in the Summer of the Arts program. These include a nationally renowned Iowa City Jazz Festival, Iowa Arts Festival, open-air summer movies series called Saturday Night Free Movie Series and free concerts every Friday night in the pedestrian mall called the Friday Night Concert Series (Ped Mall).

The Iowa City Book Festival began as an annual summer event in 2009 sponsored by the University of Iowa Libraries and in 2013 it was moved to October when management was handed off to the Iowa City UNESCO City of Literature. It features readings from prominent authors and literature themed events.

The Iowa Biennial Exhibition [TIBE] began in 2004 as an international survey of contemporary miniature printmaking held its initial exhibition at the University of Iowa. The 2006 exhibition, received a 2007 "ICKY" award nomination in Visual Arts Programming from the Iowa Cultural Corridor Alliance for its exhibition at the University of Iowa's Project Art Gallery.

Downtown Iowa City arts venues include the historic Englert Theatre, a live music and performing arts center; Riverside Theatre, a professional theatre company with an annual season that includes an outdoor Shakespeare festival; and FilmScene, a non-profit film organization and art house movie theater with two locations and five screens plus a seasonal outdoor cinema.

The Englert Theatre produces Mission Creek Festival each spring, focusing on community events, performance and literary programming featuring over 100 writers each year. Witching Hour takes place each fall and focuses on exploring the unknown, discussing the creative process and presenting new work.

Local landmarks

 * Hancher Auditorium often hosts nationally touring theater, dance and musical shows, and has commissioned more than 100 works of music, theater and dance during the last 20 years. This facility was badly damaged during the Iowa flood of 2008 and the facility has been rebuilt farther uphill, away from the Iowa River and reopened in Fall of 2016.
 * Hamburg Inn No. 2 is a favorite campaign stop for political candidates. It was featured in a 2005 episode of the political drama The West Wing. It has also been a favored campaign stop for many U.S. Presidents, including Bill Clinton and Ronald Reagan. It was featured in The New York Times for its widely renowned "pie shakes".
 * Oakland Cemetery contains graves of notable locals as well as the "Black Angel" statue.
 * Plum Grove Historic House was the residence of Robert Lucas, the first territorial governor of Iowa, and the novelist Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd.
 * Moffitt cottages, built in a unique vernacular architectural style, are scattered around eastern Iowa City. "These mystical dwellings look as if Germanic elves constructed houses for Irish pixies," is how one writer described them.
 * Prospect Hill
 * Ned Ashton House, built as a private residence by Iowa bridge engineer Ned Ashton in 1947, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. Today, it is a popular venue that can accommodate up to 100 people for meetings, reunions, parties, weddings and receptions along the banks of the Iowa River.

Pedestrian Mall
City Plaza (commonly called the Pedestrian Mall or simply Ped Mall) serves as a gathering place for students and locals and draws large crowds for its summertime events such as the Friday Night Concert Series and the annual Iowa City Jazz Festival and Iowa City Arts Festival. The Ped Mall area contains restaurants, bars, retail, hotels, and the Iowa City Public Library. It is known for its appeal to various local artists and musicians, and its wild bar scene. The Coldren Opera House was located on the street which has now become the mall.

Education
The Iowa City Community School District operates public schools in Iowa City. Iowa City High School, Iowa City West High School, Liberty High School are the three public high schools. Iowa City is also home to the private PK-12 school district, Regina Catholic Education Center. Iowa City is home to The University of Iowa and a branch of Kirkwood Community College.

The Iowa City Japanese School (アイオワシティ補習授業校 Aiowa Shiti Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a weekend educational program for Japanese nationals, provides Japanese language instruction, holding its classes at Zion Lutheran Church.

Sports
Iowa City is home of the University of Iowa's athletic teams, known as the Iowa Hawkeyes. A member of the Big Ten Conference, the football team plays at Kinnick Stadium, while men's and women's basketball, volleyball, and the wrestling and gymnastics teams compete at Carver-Hawkeye Arena. The Hawkeyes football team regularly sends players to the NFL, including Super Bowl Champion all-pro Baltimore Ravens guard Marshall Yanda, 2004 2nd overall draft pick Robert Gallery, and San Francisco 49ers tight end George Kittle, among many others. Kirk Ferentz is the longest tenured head coach in NCAA FBS dating back to the 1999–2000 season.

Iowa City's three public high schools, City, West, and Liberty, are members of the Mississippi Valley Conference. Regina competes in the River Valley Conference.

The Iowa City Gold Sox were a semi-professional baseball team that called Iowa City home from 1912 through 1913.

Parks and recreation
Iowa City is home to many public spaces. Most of the facilities are operated by the City of Iowa City Parks & Recreation Department, while some are owned by the University of Iowa, and others held by private entities such as the Bur Oak Land Trust.

Some of the more significant parks include Waterworks Prairie Park which is a naturalized sand pit and the largest park in the city at 231 acre. City Park contains the Bobby Oldis Fields, an outdoor pool complex, many picnic areas and playgrounds, as well as the Riverside Festival Stage. Hickory Hill Park is a large wooded park on the north side of town. Hubbard Park is a green space directly south of the Iowa Memorial Union building and used for many campus events.

There are three golf courses within city limits. Finkbine Golf Course is an 18-hole course owned by the University of Iowa. Pleasant Valley Golf Course is a public 18-hole course located south along the Iowa River. Elks Lodge Country Club is a private 9-hole course located near the Peninsula Neighborhood.

The Iowa City Kickers Soccer Complex can hold more than 17 soccer fields depending on layout and is home of the Iowa City Kickers soccer club. Napoleon park is located along the Iowa River and has 8 baseball diamonds. Bobby Oldis Fields are located within City Park and has 8 baseball diamonds. Hawkeye Recreation Fields is in the University of Iowa and contains to 12 soccer fields, 4 beach volleyball pitches, and 4 basketball courts. Bill and Jim Ashton Cross Country Course is one of the few dedicated cross country courses in the country. The University of Iowa also operates the Fieldhouse, Campus Recreation & Wellness Center, and Hawkeye Tennis & Recreation Complex which contain fitness space as well as indoor sports pitches and pools.

Iowa City has many miles of cycling trails. There are dedicated trails along the Iowa River, Clear Creek, Willow Creek, and Ralston Creek. The Iowa City trail system connects to the northwest to Coralville, Tiffin, and North Liberty's trail systems.

Government
Iowa City is governed by an elected city council of seven members: four council members at large and three district members. The two council members at large who receive the most votes and the three district council members serve four-year terms. The other two council members at large serve two-year terms. A mayor and mayor pro tem are elected by the council from within its members to serve terms of two years. , Iowa City Council members are:

 * Bruce Teague, At-Large, Mayor
 * Megan Alter, At-Large, Mayor Pro Tem
 * Laura Bergus, At-Large
 * Andrew Dunn, At-Large
 * Pauline Taylor, District A
 * Shawn Harmsen, District B
 * John Thomas, District C

Under this form of council-manager government the powers of the city are vested in the city council. The council is responsible for appointing the city manager ( Geoff Fruin) who implements the policy decisions of the city council, enforces city ordinances and appoints city officials. The council selects the mayor and appoints the city attorney and city clerk.

Iowa City is unusual in that it is one of only four cities in Iowa in which the mayor is chosen by the city council. The mayor of Iowa City serves a two-year term from amongst the members of the council. The mayor is primarily a figurehead or a "first among equals", with some power to set agendas and lead meetings, as well as serving as the public face of city government.

Media
Three radio stations are based out of the University of Iowa. Two have become part of the statewide Iowa Public Radio network: WSUI 910 AM, a National Public Radio affiliate and originator of some Iowa Public Radio news and talk programming; and KSUI 91.7 FM, which broadcasts classical music and concerts by Iowa classical orchestras, opera companies, and other artists, as well as interviews. KCCK-FM is Iowa's only Jazz station and affiliated with Public Radio International. KRUI 89.7 FM is the university's student-run radio station.

iHeartMedia owns two of the Iowa City area's commercial radio stations: KXIC 800 AM, a news/talk station, and KKRQ 100.7 FM, a classic rock station. KCJJ 1630 AM is an independently owned, 10,000-watt station that broadcasts a mixture of talk radio and Hot AC music programming along with area high school football and basketball games and NASCAR racing. Another Iowa City-licensed station, KRNA 94.1 FM, now broadcasts from Cedar Rapids and is operated by Cumulus Media. Radio signals from other cities, including Cedar Rapids and the Quad Cities, also reach the Iowa City area.

Iowa City and Johnson County are part of the Cedar Rapids-Waterloo-Iowa City-Dubuque media market, which was ranked 87th by Nielsen Media Research for the 2007–2008 TV season. Two television stations, KIIN channel 12 (PBS) and KWKB channel 20 (Court TV Mystery), are licensed to Iowa City. KCRG-TV 9, the ABC affiliate in Cedar Rapids, maintains a news bureau at Old Capitol Mall in downtown Iowa City.

Mediacom, a local cable television franchisee, provides channel space for seven Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV channels in Iowa City: City Channel 4, Infovision (channel 5), Kirkwood Television Services (channel 11), Public Access Television (channel 18), the Iowa City Public Library Channel (channel 20), and the Iowa City Community School District's channel 21.

Two daily newspapers are published in Iowa City. The Iowa City Press-Citizen, owned by Gannett, publishes six days a week with Gannett's Des Moines Sunday Register standing in as a Sunday edition. The Daily Iowan, an independent newspaper based at the University of Iowa, publishes Monday through Friday while classes are in session. In addition, The Gazette of Cedar Rapids maintains a news bureau in Iowa City.

Little Village is an independent alt-weekly magazine covering Iowa City and Cedar Rapids metropolitan areas.

Transportation

Iowa City has a general aviation airport, the Iowa City Municipal Airport, on the south side of the city. The Eastern Iowa Airport, 20 mi to the northwest, serves Iowa City and Cedar Rapids with scheduled passenger flights.

Interstate 80 runs east–west along the north edge of Iowa City. U.S. Highway 218 and Iowa Highway 27 (the Avenue of the Saints) are co-signed along a freeway bypassing Iowa City to the west. U.S. Highway 6 and Iowa Highway 1 also run through Iowa City.

Iowa City is served by the freight-only Iowa Interstate Railroad and the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City Railway (CRANDIC). The historic Iowa City Depot, shown in the picture at left, is no longer in use for railway services; it has been modified into a commercial office building.

In 2009, the Iowa City metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ranked as the seventh highest (tied with Hinesville-Fort Stewart, Georgia MSA) in the United States for percentage of commuters who walked to work (8.2 percent). In 2013, the Iowa City MSA ranked as the sixth lowest in the United States for percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (73.4 percent). During the same year, 11.1 percent of Iowa City area commuters walked to work.

Buses
Iowa City Transit, Coralville Transit, and the University of Iowa's Cambus system provide public transportation.

Commuter bus service to Cedar Rapids is provided by the 380 Express.

Intercity bus transit is served at either the Court Street Transportation Center in Iowa City or the Coralville Transit Intermodal Facility in Coralville.

Cycling
There is a system of paved bicycle paths, especially along the Iowa River.

Some of the main roads also have designated bike lanes or sharrows, such as Jefferson street, Market street, First avenue, Mccollister Blvd and Dodge street. As of 2017, both Iowa City and the University of Iowa have been awarded 'silver' status as a bicycle friendly community and university, respectively, by the League of American Bicyclists.

Notable people
• Nancy C. Andreasen, psychiatrist and professor at University of Iowa

• Todd Blodgett, Member of White House staff (Reagan-Bush) 1985-87. Served on Bush-Quayle '88 campaign committee. Also worked with the FBI. Born Iowa City 1960.

• George Washington Ball (1847–1915), Iowa State Senator, Representative, and Iowa City mayor (1905–1909)

• Janusz Bardach, gulag survivor, author, and plastic surgeon.

• Bob Barr, former Georgia congressman and 2008 presidential candidate

• Brian Bell, guitarist of the alternative rock band Weezer

• Moses Bloom, former mayor of Iowa City and the first Jewish mayor of any major American city

• Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd, novelist

• Greg Brown, folk musician

• Ethan Canin, writer

• Thomas R. Cech, 1989 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry; graduate from Iowa City High School

• Harry Chase, 19th-century marine painter. Received first comprehensive art instruction in Iowa City as a boy.

• Eli P. Clark, railroad man

• James Claussen, lithographer, abstract painter

• Iris DeMent, musician, lives in Iowa City

• Peter A. Dey, Mayor of Iowa City, civil engineer and banker

• Edward M. Doe, Arizona Territorial jurist, lived in Iowa City

• Benjamin Edwards, visual artist

• Albert Erives, biologist, provided pacRNA model for evolutionary origin of genetic code and universal homochirality

• Tim Dwight, NFL player with Atlanta Falcons, San Diego Chargers, New England Patriots, New York Jets, and Oakland Raiders; played at Iowa City High School and University of Iowa

• Kenny Fields, former NBA player, born in Iowa City

• Jim Foster, creator and co-founder of the Arena Football League, born in Iowa City

• Dan Gable, Olympic gold medalist; NCAA champion from Iowa State University; former head wrestling coach for Iowa Hawkeyes, leading program to 21 Big Ten Conference championships and 15 national championships; Waterloo native

• Janet Guthrie, Indy Car and NASCAR driver, first woman in Indianapolis 500 and Daytona 500

• Oscar Hahn, author

• Andy Haman, bodybuilding champion

• Mary Eunice Harlan, daughter-in-law of Abraham Lincoln

• Hill Harper, actor

• Jay Hilgenberg, center for the Chicago Bears and broadcaster

• Rob Hogg, Iowa State Senate Minority Leader

• John P. Irish (1843–1923), Iowa and California editor, orator and activist

• Zach Johnson (1976– ), golfer on the PGA Tour and the 2007 Masters champion

• Nate Kaeding (1982– ), NFL kicker for San Diego Chargers; played at Iowa City West High School and University of Iowa

• Carol Kelso, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly

• Seung Min Kim, journalist

• Alex Ko, Broadway actor

• Alan Larson (born 1949), diplomat and ambassador

• Diego Lasansky, visual artist

• Mauricio Lasansky, visual artist

• Tomas Lasansky, visual artist

• Laura Leighton, actress

• Helen Lemme, local activist

• Elinor Levin, member of the Iowa House of Representatives

• Janet Lilly, dancer and choreographer

• Jean Hall Lloyd-Jones, state legislator

• Nia Long, actress

• Melissa Ludtke, editor

• Dan McCarney, head football coach for Iowa State Cyclones, 1995–2006; defensive line coach for Florida Gators Football, current head football coach for the University of North Texas

• James Alan McPherson, writer

• Corine Mauch, Mayor of Zürich

• Christopher C. Miller, Acting United States Secretary of Defense

• Jim Miller, football player

• Julie Miller, harness racing driver and trainer

• Phil Morris, actor

• Mary Neuhauser, Mayor of Iowa City, state legislator, and lawyer

• Stephanie Novacek, operatic mezzo-soprano

• Dan Perkins aka Tom Tomorrow, political cartoonist

• Joseph M. Petrick, writer and co-director of The Mother of Invention

• Jason Reeves, singer-songwriter

• Marilynne Robinson, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Gilead

• Nate Ruess, lead vocalist of the band Fun

• Paul Schedl (born 1947 in Iowa City) molecular biologist

• Phyllis Somerville, actress

• Russell Stover, candy maker

• David Strackany, folk singer-songwriter aka Paleo

• John T. Struble, pioneer builder, rancher, and farmer

• Elizabeth Tate, civil rights advocate who ran a boarding house for African-American students.

• James Van Allen, physicist and astronomer, discoverer of the Van Allen Belts

• Michael Wacha, MLB pitcher

• Zach Wahls, an LGBT activist and state legislator, was raised in Iowa City

• Louis J. Wilde, 17th Mayor of San Diego (1917–1921), born in Iowa City

• Grant Wood, artist and painter of the iconic "American Gothic"

• Joey Woody, world champion sprinter

• Bart Yates, writer

title: Iowa City, Iowa


text:
Lone Tree, Iowa

Lone Tree is a city in southeastern Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,357 at the time of the 2020 census.

History
Lone Tree was platted by John W. Jayne in 1872. Lone Tree derives its name from a giant elm that grew nearby in the pioneer era and served as a prairie landmark. This elm stood on a slight hill south of town. Local legend has it that the tree was so large, buffalo grazed under its expansive branches. It escaped prairie fires because of the lack of grass around the tree. The tree succumbed to the Dutch Elm disease of the 1960s, although valiant efforts were made to save it. The wood from the tree was used to make a sign denoting the tree's home on the hill southeast of the city limits.

On December 9, 1985, during the 1980s farm crisis, a local farmer, Dale Burr, became distraught over his growing debt. He shot his wife Emily in their home. He then went to Hills Bank & Trust in the neighboring town of Hills and attempted to cash a check and when rebuffed, returned with a shotgun and killed bank president John Hughes. Next on his list was his neighbor Richard Goody, who had recently won a court settlement against Burr's son. When pulled over by Johnson County sheriffs, Burr shot himself fatally. Burr had left a note beside his wife's body. It said he "couldn't manage his problems anymore." The story was captured in Bruce Brown's book Lone Tree.

Geography
Lone Tree is located at 41.48583°N, -91.42667°W (41.485871, -91.426692).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.04 sqmi, all land.

Lone Tree is located alongside Iowa Highway 22.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,300 people, 505 households, and 335 families living in the city. The population density was 1250.0 PD/sqmi. There were 539 housing units at an average density of 518.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 0.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 1.7% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.

There were 505 households, of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.7% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the city was 39.3 years. 26.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.9% were from 45 to 64; and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,151 people, 459 households, and 323 families living in the city. The population density was 1,165.3 PD/sqmi. There were 489 housing units at an average density of 495.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.96% White, 0.17% African American, 0.09% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.52% of the population.

There were 459 households, out of which 41.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.04.

29.4% are under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,431, and the median income for a family was $50,000. Males had a median income of $35,227 versus $25,815 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,990. About 4.5% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lone Tree, Iowa


text:
North Liberty, Iowa

North Liberty is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is a suburb of Iowa City and part of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 20,479. From 2000 to 2010, North Liberty was the second fastest-growing city in Iowa. A 2017 LendEDU poll named North Liberty the ninth most educated city in the United States and the most educated city in the Midwest.

History
The North Liberty area was first settled in 1838 by John Gaylor and Alonzo C. Dennison. It was originally known as "Big Bottom" or "North Bend" (in reference to its location near the bend of the Iowa River) by its earliest settlers and was later known as "Squash Bend" before the city was platted as North Liberty in 1857.

North Liberty incorporated on November 10, 1913, at which time its population was approximately 190. Population growth accelerated in the 1960s, and the Iowa City Community School District opened Penn Elementary there in 1961. A 1967 special census placed the city's population at 782, and by 1980 the population had grown to over 2,000. In 1984, in response to the population growth, the North Liberty Community Library was founded, and Penn Meadows Park, the city's largest, was opened. By 2000, the population of the city was over 5,000. The city had established its own police and fire departments and built a community center with library and aquatic park, as well as a city administration building. The city has since continued to grow, with a population of 7,224 in a 2004 special census. In 2007, the population was estimated to be 10,982, making North Liberty the second fastest-growing city in Iowa. According to the 2010 U.S. census the population of North Liberty had increased to 13,374.

Geography
North Liberty is located at 41.74306°N, -91.60778°W (41.743029, -91.607807).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.83 sqmi, all land.

North Liberty is located on the Iowan erosion surface. Drivers on I-380 experience an abrupt transition from the muted topography of the Iowan surface to the rolling hills of the Southern Iowa drift plain, four miles south of North Liberty.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 13,374 people, 5,492 households, and 3,262 families living in the city. The population density was 1708.0 PD/sqmi. There were 5,761 housing units at an average density of 735.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.2% White, 4.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.

There were 5,492 households, of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.6% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age in the city was 29.2 years. 28.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 44% were from 25 to 44; 15.3% were from 45 to 64; and 3.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,367 people, 2,259 households, and 1,400 families living in the city. The population density was 791.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,377 housing units at an average density of 350.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.38% White, 1.53% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.78% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.38% of the population.

There were 2,259 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.95.

26.8% are under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 43.9% from 25 to 44, 13.8% from 45 to 64, and 4.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

Government
North Liberty is governed by a five member city council and a non-voting mayor, each serving a four-year term.

Education
A majority of North Liberty residents live within the boundaries of the Iowa City Community School District, while the area west of Jones Boulevard (and the Deerfield Subdivision) belongs to the Clear Creek–Amana Community School District.

Public schools in or serving students from North Liberty include the following:
 * From the Iowa City Community School District:
 * Buford Garner Elementary
 * Penn Elementary
 * Van Allen Elementary
 * Christine Grant Elementary
 * North Central Junior High
 * Liberty High (North Liberty)
 * West High (Iowa City)
 * From the Clear Creek–Amana Community School District:
 * North Bend Elementary
 * Clear Creek–Amana Middle School (Tiffin)
 * Clear Creek–Amana High School (Tiffin)
 * Oak Hill Elementary (Tiffin)

A 2017 poll by LendEDU gave North Liberty an Education Grade of 84.51, placing it 9th among its Top 500 Most Educated Cities. North Liberty is the only non-coastal city listed in the top 10. According to the study, the number of advanced-degree holding residents has a strong correlation with several social goods, including "a good number of high paying jobs in the area, an excellent schooling system to educate the next generation, nearby higher education institutions, and more."

Infrastructure
The sewage from the city is treated at a modern and sophisticated treatment plant using Membrane Bio-Reactor(MBR) technology followed by UV sterilization. It is designed to be able to discharge more than 2 million gallons of high-quality effluent to Muddy Creek each day.

VLBA node
The radio telescope located northeast of North Liberty (41.77143°N, -91.57413°W; designation "NL") on Mehaffey Bridge Road is one of ten dishes comprising the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA).

Notable person

 * Jean Prahm, Olympic bobsledder

title: North Liberty, Iowa