text:
Talk:Bogosort

Archived talk: until 16 May 2009

Let's move this article into a new article called Frivolous sorting algorithms
The additional algorithms here are written up cleverly and interestingly, and are of at least passing interest to computer scientists, but do these really belong on the Bogosort page? We already have a "computer humor" category from which Bogosort is linked; how about a new entry for "Frivolous sorting algorithms", and move all the content from here into that entry? Bogosort could redirect. Johnwbyrd (talk) 20:25, 14 September 2016 (UTC)

Worst-case complexity
Is it really O(Infinity)? That seems to imply that in the worst case it will never be sorted; but if it is run indefinitely it must eventually be so... 173.57.168.166 (talk) 06:01, 1 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Well... from what I know, yes it is really O(∞). In this case, "Worst case" means taking the least effective action each time. At least, that's how I interprate it. Although you are correct in that realistically, it will eventually get sorted. 173.24.183.93 (talk) 03:17, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
 * The only actions taken are shuffling the list, and checking if it is in the correct order. There is no guarantee that a single random shuffle will result in the correct order, and each shuffle is independent of the previous one, so in the worst case the correct order would never be achieved. --Joshua Issac (talk) 08:36, 18 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, there is a guarantee. The probability that the algorithm will terminate is 1. The expected runtime is less then (n+1)!. The algorithm is thus positive almost sure terminating (sometimes also called bounded almost sure termination). Thats second strongest criterium for probabilistic algorithms there is for termination (only followed by certain termination). You may have a misconception of 'worst case' runtime. Worst case only references to the input of your algorithm. Phrased differently: What is the runtime of the algorithm for the worst input you can find? The random bits however are not part of the input. They are separate objects. I don't know any source that handles random bits as part of the input. If you have any source that implies otherwise, I would be grateful for this. PhoenixIra (talk) 08:26, 29 May 2020 (UTC)

Two-element list
I don't think "For dealing with a list of two elements, this places Bogosort amongst the best sorting methods: one comparison, and then either it finishes, or else there is one swap and one more comparison" is right. Even for a two-element list, the number of iterations (and thus running time) is unbounded; for any given n it is possible for the sort to last more than n iterations.

Maybe I don't know what it's trying to say. Superm401 - Talk 09:55, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

 * You are correct. This analysis depends on the shuffle explicitly excluding the identity permutation, which is typically not the case with the bogosort.  The Gruber, et al. reference does analyze two forms of the bozo-sort, one of which (referred to in the paper as bozo-sort+) does explicitly exclude the null swap, but nowhere does that reference discuss the two element list case.  I have removed this unsourced and arguably incorrect analysis.  -- Thinking of England (talk) 03:58, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Questionable etymology
The article currently states that the sort "is named after the humorous term quantum bogodynamics and, ultimately, the word bogus." I can't find any reference for this; it seem more likely that both "bogosort" and "quantum bogodynamics" derive directly from "bogus". The "quantum bogodynamics" connection was first added in this unsourced edit. -- Thinking of England (talk) 19:56, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

"the quantum randomization spawns an infinite array of universes"
Only 2number of random bits. --Dc987 (talk) 08:55, 21 November 2009 (UTC)

Example explosion
By now, the longest part of the article presents implementations of the algorithm in different programming languages. Wikipedia is not a dumping ground for code, and in my opinion this does not go along with WP:NOTDIR, WP:UNDUE. Notice that we had a similar case at Talk:Depth-first_search because numerous eager programmers flooded the article with implementations in various languages. There consensus was to remove these implementations.

I think the best would be to remove the section "Implementations in different programming languages". Maybe we can donate the implementations to some wikibook project. If someone feels the need for kepping a reference implementation, I'd suggest keep the implementation in Python OR in Smalltalk, and to put this into the section "description of the algorithm". These are reasonably short, and no particular skills in the respective programming language are needed to understand the code. Hermel (talk) 18:22, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

 * What is added by the various example source files? Other than the pleasure of seeing a version in one's favoured language, and comparing it favourably to the versions in the other languages, that is. Most of the text involved is gibberish required by the various syntax features of each language. The pseudocode surely is clear and shows all that need be shown. The only delicate point is that the test is performed before the shuffle (as opposed to Repeat shuffle(deck) until InOrder(Deck);) so that the sort will stop on an already-sorted deck. NickyMcLean (talk) 22:16, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

 * I have requested that the section on algorithm implementation be imported to wikibooks, they already have a redlink article on implementations of bogosort in various programming languages. See Requests_for_import. If no one objects, I think we can remove the section after the import over there has taken place. Hermel (talk) 19:00, 16 September 2010 (UTC)
 * In spirit of the above discussion, I also moved the C++ implementation provided by user .oisyn instead to wikibooks.

Best case complexity
The best case sorts in one step, shouldn't that be denoted as O(0)? AttishOculus (talk) 06:55, 7 December 2010 (UTC)
 * No, even if the list is already sorted, you need to walk it to know you're done. Testing if an n-elements list is sorted requires at least n-1 comparisons. Thus an O(n) best case complexity. This is actually a limit for any sorting algorithm. -- 86.71.9.237 (talk) 05:45, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

Other implementations
http://robsort.org/ - multithreaded, so massive parallelization would make it somewhat more efficient than Bogosort. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.171.191.61 (talk) 21:27, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

Quantum BogoSort explanation
Why was this removed? I think this more clearly explains how Quantum BogoSort is supposed to work: " The list is then tested for sortedness (requiring n-1 comparisons); should it be out of order, the computer destroys the universe — implementation of this step being left as an exercise for the reader. The only observers will then be in the surviving universes and will see that the randomization worked the first time and that the list is in sorted order." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.46.198.232 (talk) 18:49, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

How does the Shuffle Algorithm Work
The shuffle method is important, because any code written is likely to employ pseudo random numbers. For any list, the bogosort algorithm will either eventually sort the list, or otherwise eventually find itself with the list in the same order as when it started AND independently happen to have the pseudo random generator seeded to the same value - after which the exact same set of operations would occur over and over again, with zero chance of success. I quote from the piece 'For any collection of fixed size, the expected running time of the algorithm is finite for much the same reason that the infinite monkey theorem holds' - Actually that can only be true if you have true random numbers for swapping, or at least a sequence of pseudorandom numbers that is not repeating.

The infinite monkey theorem itself might not be true (as assumed here to tend to a prob of 1 as N tends to infinity) - for any monkey there may be some reason why the sequence of key presses for success is not possible, although it's hard to see why that might be, but it's also hard to disprove via experiment.

Back to the bogosort, Let's say I've got a sequence of 10^10 pseudo random numbers, but I'm sorting a list of 50 with 2x10^64 possible orders - the chance that I can get to the 1 sorted order before I encounter one of the unsorted orders more than once, and with the pseudo random seed in the same position, is looking slim - because when I reach the sorted state, probability says I've visited a vast number of other states 2 or more times. Gomez2002 (talk) 16:30, 14 April 2015 (UTC)

Quantum bogosort
removed the following content from the article without an adequate policy-based explanation (nowiki tags added by me): Discussion about the validity of the removal is taking place at User talk:ʘx; this text dump is provided for convenience and should be used mainly for revision of the actual content. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 05:16, 1 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Quantum Bogosort: An in-joke among some computer scientists is that quantum computing could be used to effectively implement a bogosort with a time complexity of O(n). First, use quantum randomness to permute the list. The quantum randomization creates n! branches of the wavefunction ("universes" in many-worlds interpretation), and one of these will be such that this single shuffle had produced the list in sorted order. The list is then inspected, and if it is not sorted, the universe is destroyed. Since destroyed universes cannot be observed, the list is always observed to have been successfully sorted after one iteration in O(n) which is just the time needed to verify that the list is sorted. Besides the impracticability of this algorithm, it is also not technically possible. Permuting n! items requires n*log(n) bits of randomness (see Stirling's approximation), so the algorithm would require O(n*log(n)) time. Beyond this, quantum computers do not actually offer a way to "destroy a universe": doing so would offer an algorithm for quantum computers to run NP-complete problems in polynomial time, a task which is widely suspected to be impossible. Instead, they can only "destroy possibilities" through quantum interference, yielding the complexity classes EQP and BQP. If destroying the universe is interpreted as killing all life, e.g. via nuclear winter, then the algorithm can work in O(n*log(n)) time through the anthropic principle.
 * To update the status: ʘx contends that quantum bogosort is unsuitable for any existing Wikipedia article, either this one or Quantum sort, because it fails to meet the definition of an algorithm and the provided citation does not adequately address this concern. (Presumably this has to do with its status as an unimplementable joke, because it depends on a dubious concept of destroying the universe, but I don't see why we couldn't just write a more rigorous definition.) ʘx has not provided my requested clarification and seems uninterested in continuing the discussion further. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 18:55, 5 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I have added to the article as a courtesy to give readers a chance of finding this talkpage discussion. I intend to address ʘx's objections on his/her user talk page shortly. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 23:55, 1 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Concerning published references, I recall a short SF story (in Analog magazine, I think) that concerned the commissioning of a new high-power particle accelerator, whose full-power switch-on attempts were every time foiled by ever-more-unlikely mishaps: an explosion at the electricity substation, an airliner crashing into the building, etc. Eventually, a theorist came forward with a new analysis that suggested that activation would lead to a (bafflegab) that would destroy the universe, and so, evidently, only in those universes wherein some event prevented activation were there any longer observers to puzzle over events. Evidently, this notion is widespread. The sequence of mis-starts at the new CERN accelerator caused some amusement, especially when various theorists affirmed a firm belief in no possibility of universal implosion, just as they had in the story. An earlier such story concerned the impending test of a new "super" atomic bomb, that some feared might set the atmosphere alight (nitrogen and oxygen combining) NickyMcLean (talk) 09:54, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your attention, but I believe any added source would need to be a serious academic paper. See ʘx's user talk page for more technical details. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 03:40, 3 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I should probably elaborate on the technical issues. No one is objecting to the validity of quantum sorting or of quantum computing in general.
 * The contention is that quantum bogosort fails to qualify as a function and therefore an algorithm; since the scopes of this article and of Quantum sort are limited to sorting algorithms, the material is thus unsuitable for either article. This implies that we should split the quantum-bogosort material into its own article, being very careful not to describe quantum bogosort as a function nor an algorithm. ( is currently a redirect to this article.)
 * I am not entirely clear why this is the case, as any method of sorting has one correct output for any given list as input. Our definition of a function depends on that of a binary relation, which does not appear to impose physical constraints on the computer implementation of the relation. (see below)
 * The problem seems to me more that we (Wikipedians, or possibly academia) haven't specified certain key steps of the process rigorously enough. For example, the issue of distributing n! unique permutations over the states of the quantum processor seems as much a question of physics as that of destroying the universe. (This may be trivial in the many-worlds interpretation, but in other interpretations of quantum mechanics, the specific answer would be different.)
 * I see no evidence that such a specification is impossible; I wonder whether we could define a classical simulation of quantum bogosort, using a computer sufficiently parallel to check n! lists for sortedness simultaneously, and rigorously relate that to an actual model of quantum computing somehow. That is why I say this is a sourcing issue. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 19:32, 3 November 2015 (UTC)
 * After thinking hard about it for a while, I see the following justification: From the perspective of a universe an infinitesimal time before its destruction, it would appear that a quantum bogosort has not returned any output. Hence in that universe, quantum bogosort fails to be left-total, hence fails to be a function. It then is no longer meaningful to decide whether it is effectively calculable, so it fails to be an algorithm, hence fails to be a sorting algorithm. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 20:27, 3 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't see that whether or not quantum bogosort is a function, or an algorithm is so relevant. It can be included in this article because of its name. However we do need to have a reliable source. It does not need to be an academic source, but should be something to show it was not just made up one day for inclusion in this article. It would be even better if the source could tell us if it was an algorithm, or a function rather than relying on original research. Then the facts can be included in this article. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 22:13, 3 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks. Admittedly I oversimplified a bit - my point was mainly that the specific source mentioned by NickyMcLean would not be sufficient.
 * Again, the technical discussion on how much the word "algorithm" should define the scope of the relevant article(s) is taking place at User talk:ʘx, but I'm not sure of the most policy-compliant way to unify the split venues. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 22:41, 3 November 2015 (UTC)

In summary
To be clear, I am no longer involved with the discussion on ʘx's talk page.

The issue of which I am aware is that we do not have a source to support the choice of any specific formal system in which to define quantum bogosort and relate it to the underlying concept of a sorting algorithm. Until that is resolved, according to ʘx, it is meaningless to make any statement about quantum bogosort other than that it consists informally of a certain sequence of informal steps or that it is formally ill-defined.

As NickyMcLean seems to have a general interest in computing but no clear experience with this particular topic, I felt it was proper to apologize for dragging him/her into our overly verbose discussion. My post on his/her talk page contains a slightly longer summary of my actions within the discussion. --SoledadKabocha (talk) 03:27, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Provoked by all the talk, I tracked down some specific references employing the "destroy universe" computational trick: Doomsday Device by John Gribben (Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, February 1985), and Games, Puzzles and Computation by R.A. Heam and E.D. Demaine (2009), page 103-4, for example. Considering that W. has a rule "Ignore all rules" (including this one) with a view to inclusivity, I don't see any real need to be so picky over an approximate description in the absence of a formal one. Nor is there an agreed formal system to express it within. Readers of the (currently removed) text could well discern a meaning, and in the usual manner. NickyMcLean (talk) 11:40, 17 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I think a large problem here is that "quantum bogosort" will never be an interesting "algorithm" from a computer scientific perspective -- a lot of the physics doesn't even make sense from a quantum mechanical perspective, e.g. "destroying the universe" will entangle the computer with the outside world, etc. I don't think anyone will have luck here arguing for it on the basis of being computer scientifically interesting. But it is notable in that it's a common joke, often mentioned in intro quantum computation classes, or sometimes jokingly when lecturing on diverse sorting algorithms. We have an article on spaghetti sort that seems to be there for the same reason. (A lot of the physical demands of spaghetti sort are many times more implausible than quantum bogosort. For instance, spaghetti sort requires exponentially large distinguishable spaghetti rods to represent n bits, which will easily end up creating a blackhole; if it were to not, it would still require faster-than-light communication to fall to the table. I would much rather be tasked with destroying the human race.) Quantum bogosort is a subject of popular culture that seems worth discussing, if not a subject of classical algorithms. Timeroot (talk) 22:30, 27 November 2015 (UTC)

Accuracy disputed
This article confuses two algorithms: what logic programmers call bogosort, and what other apparently call bogosort. The logic programmer's definition is:

sort(I, P) :- permutation(I, P), sorted(P).

Read: "systematically generate all permutations, one by one, until you find one that is sorted". This algorithm has a worst-case running time of O((n+1)!) for an n-element input, not unbounded time like the randomized version. Q VVERTYVS (hm?) 22:07, 5 November 2015 (UTC)
 * As a CS major somewhat familiar with logic programming, I have never ever seen bogosort defined this way. Can you cite a source for the above definition? Zowayix001 (talk) 02:19, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Here is a university homework assignment that describes the Prolog algorithm as a deterministic bogosort. Interestingly, it also points out the connection. I'll update the article. Q VVERTYVS (hm?) 09:42, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

Dead Link
Under example links, the github link to the Bogosort example in C is no longer valid. Profsquid (talk) 10:31, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

The ML implementation is not very efficient
So I noticed that the Standard ML implementation doesn't use a very good shuffle algorithm. Using  is nice but it only reverses the first component of the partitioned list. If you're sorting lots of reverse-sorted lists with this implementation, it's going to take a long time for the rightmost elements to random walk over to the left where they can start being shuffled properly. This could really bite someone who's using our example in their production code! What do people think about adding an additional  like this? "" .froth. (talk) 16:28, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

 * I was going to ask here if more than one language are actually necessary, seems like cruft (WP:LC). Also no one should realistically use bogosort "in production". Chininazu12 (talk) 09:48, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

 * I was joking... and I actually agree about not needing multiple implementations in the article. The Python example is clearer, even for someone who doesn't know Python, and dodges the ML example's issue with the sketchy shuffle algorithm. I'll remove the ML code. .froth. (talk) 23:02, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

Portmanteau ?
The article claims "Its name is a portmanteau of the words bogus and sort." But it isn't! So either this article is wrong or the definition of a portmanteau word is wrong. bogUsort would be a portmanteau word, for example. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.97.62.77 (talk) 20:07, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Well may be it is from bogon or bogosity, but it's close enough. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 00:50, 1 March 2023 (UTC)

miracle sort best case
I think, the best case of miracle sort is O(n), which happens on a sorted list. 84.151.247.140 (talk) 12:07, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bogosort


text:
Protected areas of the Northern Territory

The protected areas of the Northern Territory consists of protected areas managed by the governments of the Northern Territory and Australia and private organisations with a reported total area of 335527 km2 being 24.8% of the total area of the Northern Territory of Australia.

Summary by type and jurisdiction
As of June 2018, the Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory managed 86 ‘parks and reserves’ including 22 that have not been declared with a total reported area of 5,0603 km2.

As of 2016, the protected areas within the Australian government jurisdiction included two national parks with a total area of 20444 km2 and 15 Indigenous Protected Areas with a total area of 260662 km2.

As of August 2016, there were three private protected areas declared under the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act with a total area of 1405 km2 while in late 2016, another three private protected areas were listed under the National Reserve System with a total area of 1405 km2 were listed by the Australian government.

Coastal Reserves

 * Casuarina
 * Channel Point
 * Shoal Bay

Conservation Areas

 * Adelaide River Foreshore
 * Daly River (Mt Nancar)
 * Douglas River / Daly River Esplanade
 * Harrison Dam
 * Melacca Swamp
 * Oolloo Crossing
 * Stray Creek
 * Tree Point

Conservation Covenants

 * Lake Woods
 * Newry Station Gouldian Finch
 * Longreach Waterhole

Conservation Reserves

 * Anna's Reservoir
 * Black Jungle/Lambells Lagoon
 * Blackmore River
 * Bullwaddy
 * Channel Island
 * Caranbirini
 * Connells Lagoon
 * Corroboree Rock
 * Fogg Dam
 * Henbury Meteorites
 * Illamurta Springs
 * Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles
 * Kintore Caves
 * Knuckey Lagoons
 * Kuyunba
 * Mac Clark (Acacia peuce)
 * Napwerte/Ewaninga Rock Carvings
 * Native Gap
 * Rainbow Valley
 * Tnorala (Gosse Bluff)
 * Vernon Islands
 * Woodgreen

Historical Reserves

 * Alice Springs Telegraph Station
 * Arltunga
 * Attack Creek
 * Barrow Creek Telegraph Station
 * Central Mount Stuart
 * Chambers Pillar
 * Gregory's Tree
 * Heavitree Gap Police Station
 * John Flynn
 * John Flynn's Grave
 * Ryan Well
 * Tennant Creek Telegraph Station
 * Victoria River Depot

Hunting Reserves

 * Howard Springs

Management Agreement Areas

 * Buffalo Creek
 * Channel Island
 * Junction Reserve

Marine Parks

 * Arafura
 * Arnhem
 * Limmen
 * Wessel

National Parks

 * Barranyi (North Island)
 * Charles Darwin
 * Djukbinj
 * Dulcie Range
 * Elsey
 * Finke Gorge
 * Garig Gunak Barlu
 * Iytwelepenty / Davenport Range
 * Judbarra / Gregory
 * Keep River
 * Limmen
 * Litchfield
 * Mary River
 * Nitmiluk
 * Tjoritja / West MacDonnell
 * Watarrka

Nature Parks

 * Berry Springs
 * Butterfly Gorge
 * Cutta Cutta Caves
 * Giwining / Flora River
 * Holmes Jungle
 * Howard Springs
 * Katherine Low Level
 * Leaning Tree Lagoon
 * Mataranka Pool
 * N'Dhala Gorge
 * Ruby Gap
 * Trephina Gorge
 * Umbrawarra Gorge
 * Yeperenye/Emily and Jessie Gaps

Protected Areas

 * Ilparpa Swamp Wildlife
 * Joint Geological / Geophysical Research Station

Other places

 * Alice Springs Desert Park
 * George Brown Darwin Botanic Gardens
 * Leanyer Recreation Park
 * Manton Dam Recreation Area
 * Owen Springs Reserve
 * Territory Wildlife Park
 * Wearyan River (Manangoora) Cycad Site
 * Windows on the Wetlands

Indigenous Protected Areas
The following Indigenous Protected Areas have been established in the Northern Territory:
 * Angas Downs
 * Anindilyakwa
 * Dhimurru
 * Djelk
 * Laynhapuy
 * Marri-Jabin (Thamurrurr)
 * Northern Tanami
 * Southern Tanami
 * Warddeken
 * Yanyuwa

National parks
The following national parks are managed by the Director of National Parks on the behalf of the Australian government and indigenous land owners:
 * Kakadu
 * Uluru-Kata Tjuta

Northern Territory jurisdiction
See Conservation Covenants above

Australian Wildlife Conservancy sanctuaries
Australian Wildlife Conservancy owns and operates the following private protected areas in the Northern Territory:
 * Fish River Station
 * Henbury Station (in progress)
 * Newhaven
 * Pungalina-Seven Emu
 * Wongalara

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Protected areas of Queensland

Queensland is the second-largest state in Australia. As at 2020, it contained more than 1,000 protected areas. In August 2023, it was estimated a total of 14.5 million hectares or 8.38% of Queensland's landmass was protected.

Conservation Parks

 * Anderson Street
 * Archer Point
 * Baddow Island
 * Baffle Creek
 * Bakers Creek
 * Baldwin Swamp
 * Bare Hill
 * Barubbra Island
 * Baywulla Creek
 * Beachmere
 * Beelbi Creek
 * Bell Creek
 * Bingera 1
 * Bingera 2
 * Bird Island
 * Blackwater
 * Bloomfield River
 * Bloomsbury
 * Boat Mountain 1
 * Boat Mountain 2
 * Bottle Creek
 * Boyne Island
 * Broadwater
 * Buccan
 * Buckleys Hole
 * Bullock Creek
 * Bullyard
 * Bunya Mountains
 * Bunyaville
 * Burleigh Knoll
 * Byron Creek
 * Cabbage Tree Point
 * Calliope
 * Caloundra
 * Cape Pallarenda
 * Carbrook Wetlands
 * Carello Palm Swamp
 * Carraba
 * Causeway Lake
 * Charon Point
 * Combo 1
 * Combo 2
 * Coolmunda
 * Cooloothin
 * Coombabah Lake
 * Cressbrook
 * Currimundi Lake
 * Currumbin Hill
 * Daisy Hill
 * Dawson River
 * Delicia Road
 * Denmark Hill
 * Djilgarin
 * Duggan
 * Dwyers Scrub
 * Etty Bay Road
 * Eudlo Creek
 * Fraser Island
 * Five Rocks
 * Flagstone Creek
 * Fleays
 * Fleays Wildlife Park
 * Flinders Peak
 * Futter Creek
 * Garden Island
 * Goat Island
 * Goat Island (Noosa River)
 * Granville
 * Great Sandy
 * Gurgeena
 * Hallorans Hill
 * Harry Spring
 * Hays Inlet 1
 * Hays Inlet 2
 * Herberton Range
 * Highworth Bend
 * Horseshoe Bay Lagoon
 * Horseshoe Lagoon
 * Indooroopilly Island
 * Ipswich Pteropus
 * Irongate
 * Jack Smith Scrub
 * Jalum
 * Joseph Banks (Round Hill Head)
 * Jumrum Creek
 * Kamerunga
 * Keatings Lagoon
 * Keppel Sands
 * Keyser Island
 * King Island
 * Kirrama
 * Knapp Creek
 * Kurrimine Beach
 * Lake Broadwater
 * Lake Murphy
 * Lark Quarry
 * Limestone Creek
 * Long Island Bend
 * Malanda Falls
 * Maroochy River
 * Meingan Creek
 * Millstream
 * Moggill
 * Mon Repos
 * Mooloolah (Marie Higgs)
 * Morven
 * Mount Beau Brummell
 * Mount Blarney
 * Mount Cooroy
 * Mount Dumaresq
 * Mount Eerwah
 * Mount Hector
 * Mount Hopeful
 * Mount Kinchant
 * Mount Leura
 * Mount Perry
 * Mount Scoria
 * Mount Whitfield
 * Mouth of Baffle Creek 1
 * Mouth of Baffle Creek 2
 * Mouth of Kolan River
 * Myora
 * Neurum Creek
 * Newport
 * North Pointer
 * O'Regan Creek
 * Palm Creek
 * Palmview
 * Pine Ridge (-27.9°N, 153.3928°W)
 * Plunkett
 * Police Paddock
 * Princhester
 * Reinke Scrub
 * Rosins Lookout
 * Round Island
 * Roundstone
 * Samford Ferny Hills
 * Serpentine Creek
 * Sheep Island
 * Sheep Station Creek
 * Shoalwater Bay
 * Six Mile Creek
 * Skull Knob
 * South Stradbroke Island 1
 * South Stradbroke Island 2
 * Speewah
 * Spicers Gap Road
 * Springwood
 * St Helens Gap
 * Tallebudgera Creek
 * Tinana Creek
 * Tinana Island
 * Tingalpa Creek
 * Tolderodden
 * Tomewin
 * Toohey Forest
 * Tooloombah Creek
 * Toorbul
 * Townsville Town Common
 * Vandyke Creek
 * Vernon
 * Wararba Creek
 * Warrina
 * Weyba Creek
 * White Blow
 * White Rock
 * White Rock (Limited Depth)
 * Wilandspey
 * Woongoolba
 * Zamia Creek

Conservation Reserves

 * Mount Glorious

Feature Protection Areas

 * Big Ironbark
 * Booroobin
 * Goggrell's Tree
 * Jowarra
 * Rosehall
 * Unnamed (20 different areas)
 * Western Creek

National Parks
{{Legend|#EAF2CE|* National park (Cape York Peninsula Aboriginal Land) jointly managed park |outline=silver}} {{Legend|#F2D7CE|^ National park (scientific), under IUCN protected area category 1a |outline=silver}}

Resources Reserves

 * Abbott Bay
 * Amamoor Forest
 * Bouldercombe Gorge
 * Cooloola (Noosa River)
 * Flat Top Range
 * Heathlands
 * Iron Range (Lockhart River)
 * Jardine River
 * Kennedy Road Gravel
 * Lawn Hill (Arthur Creek)
 * Lawn Hill (Creek)
 * Lawn Hill (Gorge Mouth)
 * Lawn Hill (Gregory River Base)
 * Lawn Hill (Gregory)
 * Lawn Hill (Lilydale)
 * Lawn Hill (Littles Range)
 * Lawn Hill (Stockyard Creek)
 * Lawn Hill (Widdallion)
 * Littleton
 * Moonstone Hill
 * Morgan Park
 * Mount Rosey
 * Munburra
 * Palmer Goldfield
 * Stones Country
 * Wrattens

Scientific Areas

 * Bald Mountain
 * Helidon Hills
 * Melaleuca
 * Mynea Creek
 * Nerang
 * Northbrook
 * Palgrave
 * Saltwater Creek
 * Stoney Range
 * The Lagoons
 * Unnamed (29 different areas)
 * Wordoon

List of marine protected areas
Marine protected areas within the Queensland jurisdiction consist of fish habitat areas declared under the Fisheries Act 1994 and marine parks declared under the Marine Parks Act 2004.

Fish habitat areas
Fish habitat areas are listed in two lists - 'A' and 'B'.

List 'A'

 * Annan River
 * Baffle Creek
 * Beelbi
 * Bowling Green Bay
 * Broad Sound
 * Burrum
 * Cape Palmerston - Rocky Dam
 * Cawarral Creek
 * Cleveland Bay
 * Colosseum Inlet
 * Corio Bay
 * Dallachy Creek
 * Deception Bay
 * Edgecumbe Bay
 * Eight Mile Creek
 * Elliott River
 * Escape River
 * Eurimbula
 * Fitzroy River
 * Hay's Inlet
 * Hinchinbrook
 * Hull River
 * Jumpinpin-Broadwater
 * Kauri Creek
 * Kinkuna
 * Kippa-Ring
 * Maaroom
 * Margaret Bay "Wuthathi
 * Maroochy River
 * Meunga Creek
 * Moreton Banks
 * Morning Inlet - Bynoe River
 * Murray River
 * Myora - Amity Banks
 * Nassau River
 * Noosa River
 * Peel Island
 * Pine River Bay
 * Princess Charlotte Bay
 * Pumicestone Channel
 * Repulse
 * Rodds Harbour
 * Sand Bay
 * Seventeen Seventy-Round Hill
 * Silver Plains
 * Staaten-Gilbert
 * Starcke River (Ngulun)
 * Susan River
 * Temple Bay
 * Tin Can Inlet
 * Trinity Inlet
 * Tully River
 * West Hill
 * Wreck Creek

List 'B'

 * Annan River
 * Barr Creek
 * Bassett Basin
 * Beelbi
 * Bohle River
 * Burdekin
 * Burrum
 * Cape Palmerston - Rocky Dam
 * Cattle-Palm Creek
 * Colosseum Inlet
 * Coombabah
 * Coomera
 * Currumbin Creek
 * Deception Bay
 * Edgecumbe Bay
 * Fraser Island
 * Half Moon Creek
 * Halifax
 * Kolan River
 * Margaret Bay "Wuthathi"
 * Maroochy River
 * Midge
 * Noosa River
 * Pimpama
 * Pine River Bay
 * Pumicestone Channel
 * Rodds Harbour
 * Seventeen Seventy-Round Hill
 * Starcke River (Ngulun)
 * Tallebudgera Creek
 * Trinity Inlet
 * West Hill
 * Yorkeys Creek

Marine parks
The Queensland jurisdiction only included the following three marine parks as of 2016; the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is located within the Australian government's jurisdiction.
 * Great Barrier Reef Coast Marine Park
 * Great Sandy Marine Park
 * Moreton Bay Marine Park

title: Protected areas of Queensland


text:
Protected areas of South Australia

Protected areas of South Australia, consisting of protected areas located within South Australia and its immediate onshore waters and which are managed by South Australian Government agencies. As of 2018, South Australia contained 359 separate protected areas declared under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, the Crown Land Management Act 2009 and the Wilderness Protection Act 1992. Together, they cover a total land area of 211387.48 km2 or 21.5% of the state's area.

Jurisdiction
The jurisdiction for legislation of protected areas within South Australia and the immediate onshore waters known officially as "the coastal waters and waters within the limits of South Australia" is that of the South Australian government. The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 authorises the creation and management of protected areas, which form the majority of South Australia’s contribution to the National Reserve System.

Other South Australian legislation that may create protected areas includes the following: Forestry Act 1950, Wilderness Protection Act 1992, Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981, River Murray Act 2003, Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act 2005, Fisheries Management Act 2007, Marine Parks Act 2007, Crown Land Management Act 2009, Arkaroola Protection Act 2012 and Native Vegetation Act 1991.

The Australian Government does not have power under the Australian constitution to legislate for protected areas within South Australia. However, its treaty obligations and its constitutional responsibilities permit the state to develop policies for protected areas and to enter into agreements concerning protected areas. Examples include nomination of sites under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (also known as the Ramsar Convention) and establishment of agreements for Indigenous Protected Areas.

National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972
The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (also known as the National Parks Act) is the main South Australian legislation authorising the establishment and management of protected areas. It is concerned with the establishment and management of reserves, establishment of sanctuaries, conservation of native plants and animals, declaration of protected animals, management of protected animals in respect to taking, keeping, farming and harvesting, and control of hunting.

The act is administered by the Department for Environment and Water (DEW).

Reserves declared under this act totalled 320, covering an area of 19,226,432 ha or 19.6% of South Australia's area. , there were 359 parks in South Australia subject to the act and national parks Regulations.

The following types of reserves are listed within the Act: national parks, conservation parks, game reserves, recreation parks and regional reserves.

National parks
National parks are "areas considered to be of national significance due to wildlife, natural features of the land, or Aboriginal or European heritage". As of May 2020, the following national parks had been declared:

 * Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary—Winaityinaityi Pangkara
 * Belair
 * Canunda
 * Cleland (2021)
 * Coffin Bay
 * Coorong
 * Deep Creek (2021)
 * Flinders Chase
 * Gawler Ranges
 * Glenthorne–Ityamaiitpinna Yarta (2020 )
 * Great Australian Bight Marine
 * Ikara-Flinders Ranges
 * Dhilba Guuranda-Innes
 * Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre
 * Lake Frome National Park (2021)
 * Lake Gairdner
 * Lake Torrens
 * Lincoln
 * Malkumba-Coongie Lakes
 * Mount Remarkable
 * Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert (2021)
 * Murray River
 * Naracoorte Caves
 * Nilpena Ediacara National Park
 * Nullarbor
 * Onkaparinga River
 * Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges
 * Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park (2021)
 * Witjira

Conservation parks
Conservation parks are "areas protected for the purpose of conserving wildlife or the natural or historic features of the land". As of 2021, the following conservation parks had been declared:

 * Aberdour
 * Acraman Creek
 * Aldinga Scrub
 * Althorpe Islands
 * Angove
 * Avoid Bay Islands
 * Baird Bay Islands
 * Bakara
 * Bandon
 * Bangham
 * Barwell
 * Bascombe Well
 * Baudin
 * Baudin Rocks
 * Beachport
 * Beatrice Islet
 * Belt Hill
 * Beyeria
 * Big Heath
 * Billiatt
 * Bimbowrie
 * Bird Islands
 * Black Hill
 * Black Rock
 * Boondina
 * Brookfield
 * Bullock Hill
 * Busby Islet
 * Butchers Gap
 * Calectasia
 * Calpatanna Waterhole
 * Cap Island
 * Cape Blanche
 * Cape Gantheaume
 * Cape Willoughby
 * Caralue Bluff
 * Carappee Hill
 * Carcuma
 * Caroona Creek
 * Carpenter Rocks
 * Carribie
 * Chadinga
 * Charleston
 * Christmas Rocks
 * Clements Gap
 * Clinton
 * Cocata
 * Cooltong
 * Corrobinnie Hill
 * Cox Scrub
 * Cromer
 * Cudlee Creek
 * Custon
 * Cygnet Estuary
 * Danggali
 * Darke Range
 * Desert Camp
 * Dingley Dell
 * Douglas Point
 * Dudley
 * Eba Island
 * Elliot Price
 * Eric Bonython
 * Ettrick
 * Ewens Ponds
 * Fairview
 * Ferguson
 * Ferries-McDonald
 * Finniss
 * Fort Glanville
 * Fowlers Bay
 * Franklin Harbor
 * Furner
 * Gambier Islands
 * Gawler Ranges
 * Geegeela
 * Giles
 * Glen Roy
 * Goose Island
 * Gower
 * Grass Tree
 * Greenly Island
 * Guichen Bay
 * Gum Lagoon
 * Gum Tree Gully
 * Hacks Lagoon
 * Hale
 * Hallett Cove
 * Hanson Scrub
 * Heggaton
 * Hesperilla
 * Hincks
 * Hogwash Bend
 * Hopkins Creek
 * Horsnell Gully
 * Ironstone Hill
 * Jip Jip
 * Kaiserstuhl
 * Kanku-Breakaways
 * Kapunda Island
 * Karte
 * Kathai
 * Kellidie Bay
 * Kelly Hill
 * Kelvin Powrie
 * Kenneth Stirling
 * Kinchina
 * Kulliparu
 * Kungari
 * Kyeema
 * Lake Frome
 * Lake Gilles
 * Lake Hawdon South
 * Lake Newland
 * Lake St Clair
 * Lashmar
 * Lathami
 * Laura Bay
 * Lawari
 * Lesueur
 * Leven Beach
 * Lincoln
 * Lipson Island
 * Little Dip
 * Lowan
 * Lower Glenelg River
 * Maize Island Lagoon
 * Malgra
 * Mamungari
 * Mantung
 * Marino
 * Mark Oliphant
 * Marne Valley
 * Martin Washpool
 * Martindale Hall
 * Mary Seymour
 * Media Island
 * Messent
 * Middlecamp Hills
 * Mimbara
 * Minlacowie
 * Moana Sands
 * Mokota
 * Monarto
 * Monarto Woodlands
 * Montacute
 * Moody Tank
 * Morgan
 * Morialta
 * Mount Billy
 * Mount Boothby
 * Mount Brown
 * Mount Dutton Bay
 * Mount George
 * Mount Magnificent
 * Mount Monster
 * Mount Scott
 * Mount Taylor
 * Mowantjie Willauwar
 * Mullinger Swamp
 * Munyaroo
 * Murrunatta
 * Mylor
 * Myponga
 * Nene Valley
 * Nepean Bay
 * Neptune Islands
 * Newland Head
 * Ngarkat
 * Ngaut Ngaut
 * Nicolas Baudin Island
 * Nixon-Skinner
 * Nuyts Archipelago
 * Nuyts Reef
 * Olive Island
 * Padthaway
 * Pandappa
 * Para Wirra
 * Paranki Lagoon
 * Parndana
 * Peachna
 * Peebinga
 * Pelican Lagoon
 * Penambol
 * Penguin Island
 * Penola
 * Piccaninnie Ponds
 * Pigface Island
 * Pike River
 * Pine Hill Soak
 * Pinkawillinie
 * Point Bell
 * Point Davenport
 * Point Labatt
 * Pooginook
 * Poonthie Ruwe
 * Porter Scrub
 * Pualco Range
 * Pullen Island
 * Pureba
 * Ramco Point
 * Ramsay
 * Red Banks
 * Reedy Creek
 * Ridley
 * Rilli Island
 * Rocky Island (North)
 * Rocky Island (South)
 * Roonka
 * Rudall
 * Salt Lagoon Islands
 * Sandy Creek
 * Sceale Bay
 * Scott
 * Scott Creek
 * Seal Bay
 * Searcy Bay
 * Seddon
 * Shannon
 * Sheoak Hill
 * Simpson
 * Sinclair Island
 * Sir Joseph Banks Group
 * Sleaford Mere
 * Spring Gully
 * Spring Mount
 * Stipiturus
 * Swan Reach
 * Talapar
 * Talisker
 * Tallaringa
 * Tantanoola Caves
 * Telford Scrub
 * The Dutchmans Stern
 * The Knoll
 * The Pages
 * The Plug Range
 * Thidna
 * Tilley Swamp
 * Torrens Island
 * Troubridge Island
 * Tucknott Scrub
 * Tumby Island
 * Venus Bay
 * Verran Tanks
 * Vivigani Ardune
 * Vivonne Bay
 * Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs
 * Wahgunyah
 * Waitpinga
 * Waldegrave Islands
 * Wanilla
 * Wanilla Land Settlement
 * Warren
 * Warrenben
 * West Island
 * Wharminda
 * Whidbey Isles
 * White Dam
 * Whyalla
 * Wiljani
 * Wills Creek
 * Winninowie
 * Wittelbee
 * Woakwine
 * Wolseley Common
 * Yalpara
 * Yeldulknie
 * Yulte
 * Yumbarra

Former conservation parks include Cape Hart, Cape Torrens, Cleland, Ediacara, Eurilla, Investigator Group, Isles of St Francis, Mount Rescue, Mount Shaugh, Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert Conservation Park, Naracoorte Caves, Port Gawler and Scorpion Springs, Spaniards Gully, Telowie Gorge, Western River, and Wirrabara Range.

Game reserves
Game reserves are "areas set aside for conservation of wildlife and the management of game for seasonal hunting". As of 2018, the following game reserves had been declared:

Former game reserves include Coorong and Katarapko.

Recreation parks
Recreation parks are 'areas managed for public recreation and enjoyment in a natural setting.' As of March 2018, the following recreation parks have been declared:

Regional reserves
Regional reserves are "areas proclaimed for the purpose of conserving wildlife or natural or historical features while allowing responsible use of the area's natural resources". As of 2021, the following regional reserves had been declared:

Conservation reserves
Conservation reserves are a parcels of "land set aside for conservation of natural and cultural features under the Crown Land Management Act 2009". As of 2018, the following conservation reserves had been declared:

As of 2018, reserves declared under the Crown Land Management Act 2009 totalled 15, covering a total area of 19,471 ha or less than 0.1% of South Australia’s area.

Native forest reserves
The Forestry Act 1950 allows for the declaration of forest reserves for "purposes relating to the conservation, development and management of land supporting native flora and fauna ...." Native forest reserves are administered by the South Australian Forestry Corporation (trading as ForestrySA) which is a wholly owned state government business. As of 2014, the following native forest reserves, located in the Southern Flinders Ranges, the Mount Lofty Ranges and the Limestone Coast, had been declared:

Wilderness protection areas
The Wilderness Protection Act 1992 was established in 1992 to provide for "the protection of wilderness and the restoration of land to its condition before European colonisation". The day-to-day administration of the act is carried out by DEW. As of 2018, the following areas had been declared:

As of 2018, reserves declared under the Wilderness Protection Act 1992 totalled 14, covering an area of 1,843,454 ha or 1.9% of South Australia’s area.

Protected zones for historic shipwreck sites
The Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981, which is administered by DEW, allows for the creation of protected zones over land and water around historic shipwrecks. The following protected zones have been declared:

River Murray protection area
The River Murray Act 2003, which is administered by DEW, has provision for "the protection and enhancement of the River Murray and related areas and ecosystems". As of 2010, the following protection areas had been designated:

 * the floodplain of the River Murray within South Australia including Lake Alexandrina, Lake Albert and the Coorong
 * the watershed of the following tributaries arising from the east side of the Mount Lofty Ranges – Marne, Bremer and Finniss rivers.

Aquatic reserves
Aquatic reserves have been declared under the Fisheries Management Act 2007 (SA) and are managed by Primary Industries and Regions SA (PIRSA)]]. They were established "to protect the habitat, ecosystems and communities of the rich variety of underwater organisms found in the marine and estuarine waters of South Australia". The reserves, which are considered to be IUCN Category II protected areas, are as follows:

Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary
Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (ADS) is a sanctuary area intended to protect the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) population residing in the Port Adelaide River estuary and Barker Inlet as well as protecting and enhancing the Port Adelaide River estuary and Barker Inlet. The sanctuary was declared under the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Act 2005 and is managed by DEW.

Marine parks
Marine parks are marine protected areas located within the immediate onshore waters of SA set aside under the Marine Parks Act 2007 (SA) "to preserve the biological diversity of the state's coastal, estuarine and marine environments while allowing ecologically sustainable use of the area's natural resources". As of 2013, the following marine parks had been declared:

 * Far West Coast Marine Park
 * Nuyts Archipelago Marine Park
 * West Coast Bays Marine Park
 * Investigator Marine Park
 * Thorny Passage Marine Park
 * Sir Joseph Banks Group Marine Park
 * Neptune Islands Group (Ron and Valerie Taylor) Marine Park
 * Gambier Islands Group Marine Park
 * Franklin Harbor Marine Park
 * Upper Spencer Gulf Marine Park
 * Eastern Spencer Gulf Marine Park
 * Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park
 * Lower Yorke Peninsula Marine Park
 * Upper Gulf St Vincent Marine Park
 * Encounter Marine Park
 * Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park
 * Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park
 * Upper South East Marine Park
 * Lower South East Marine Park

Arkaroola protection area
The Arkaroola Protection Act 2012, which commenced operation on 26 April 2012, was created to "establish the Arkaroola Protection Area; to provide for the proper management and care of the area; and to prohibit mining activities in the area". The protection area, located 600 km north of Adelaide, includes the Arkaroola Pastoral Lease and the Mawson Plateau part of the Mount Freeling Pastoral Lease. The former lease, which has not been stocked for more than 30 years, is operated for the purpose of conservation and tourism under the name, Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary. The protection area is reported as satisfying the definition of a "category II National Park".

Native vegetation heritage agreements
A native vegetation heritage agreements, usually known as a heritage agreement, is a legally binding agreement between a landowner and the Minister for Environment, Sustainability and Conservation in which the landowner agrees to protect native vegetation in perpetuity. In return, the Minister may agree to reduce statutory fees such as local government rates or offer assistance in terms of funding of works such as fencing or provision of expert advice to "protecting and improving the conservation value of the heritage agreement area". The enabling legislation is the Native Vegetation Act 1991. Land covered by heritage agreements is considered to meet IUCN Category III. As of 2014, 1537 agreements in respect to 634,242 ha of land within SA, equivalent to 0.64% of the area of SA, had been entered into between landowners and the minister. A notable example is the Gluepot Reserve.

World heritage site
As of 2015, Naracoorte Caves National Park was the sole World Heritage Site located in South Australia. It was co-listed under the name "Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte)" together with Riversleigh, Queensland, in 1994. The listing acknowledged the fossil assemblages present at both sites to be a "superb illustration of the key stages of evolution of Australia’s unique fauna".

Ramsar sites
As a contracting party to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (known as the Ramsar Convention), Australia is encouraged "to nominate sites containing representative, rare or unique wetlands, or that are important for conserving biological diversity, to the List of Wetlands of International Importance". As of 2014, the Australian Government had nominated the following Ramsar sites within South Australia:
 * Banrock Station Wetland Complex
 * Bool and Hacks Lagoons
 * Coongie Lakes
 * Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland
 * Piccaninnie Ponds Karst Wetlands
 * Riverland.

Indigenous protected areas
An Indigenous protected area encompasses a voluntary agreement between owners of indigenous-owned land (known as traditional owners) and the Australian government. It is intended to "promote biodiversity and cultural resource conservation on indigenous owned land". As of 2014, there were six within South Australia:

 * Antara-Sandy Bore
 * Kalka-Pipalyatjara
 * Mount Willoughby
 * Nantawarrina
 * Watarru and Walalkara
 * Yalata.

Biosphere reserves
Two biosphere reserves belonging to the UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve program are located within South Australia: the Mamungari Conservation Park and the Riverland Biosphere Reserve.

The Mamungari Conservation Park in western South Australia, formerly known as the Unnamed Conservation Park, is co-managed by its traditional owners and DEW.

The Riverland Biosphere Reserve is located in the Riverland near Renmark. Two of its components are Calperum and Taylorville stations, which were respectively purchased by the Chicago Zoological Society in 1993 and the Australian Landscape Trust in 2000, with ownership being deeded to the Director of National Parks. Both properties are managed by the Australian Landscape Trust.

title: Protected areas of South Australia


text:
Protected areas of Tasmania

Protected areas of Tasmania consist of protected areas located within Tasmania and its immediate onshore waters, including Macquarie Island. It includes areas of crown land (withheld land) managed by Tasmanian Government agencies as well as private reserves. As of 2016, 52% of Tasmania's land area has some form of reservation classification, the majority is managed by the Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service (about 42% of total Tasmanian land area). Marine protected areas cover about 7.9% of state waters.

Within each classification of reserve there may be a variation of IUCN categories Australia is a signatory to the Convention of Biological Diversity and as such has obligations to report the status of its National Reserve System.IUCN provides on its website a prescription for activities consistent with the categorisation system. Changes made to the Nature Conservation Act 2002 in 2014 permit timber harvesting. These changes made in addition to the already established right to access minerals means that many of the IUCN categorisations assigned to individual reserves in Tasmania are no longer fit for purpose. In addition many reserves have had their reserve status downgraded from a class excluding timber harvesting and mineral extraction to ones where these activities are now permitted. This mis-application of the IUCN protected area categories needs to be remedied or the reserves protected land class under the Nature Conservation Act 2002 should be adjusted to reflect its currently assigned IUCN category.

Legislation and management

 * Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service manages crown land reserved under the Nature Conservation Act 2002. The 10 classes of protected land are: conservation area, historic site, game reserve, national park, nature recreation area, nature reserve, regional reserve and state reserve.  The National Parks and Reserves Management act 2002 determines the management objectives for each class.
 * 'Permanent timber production zone land' is crown land managed by Sustainable Timber Tasmania under the Forest Management Act 2013. It contains areas of informal reserves (e.g. landscape connectivity, streamside buffers, etc.)
 * The Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) administers 'future potential production forest' crown land (formerly 'future reserve land') as defined in The Forestry (Rebuilding the Forest Industry) Act 2014.
 * The Wellington Park Management Trust is outlined in the Wellington Park Act 1993.

Summary of area totals
At 30 June 2016, Tasmania's terrestrial reserves cover 3.4 e6ha (about 50.1% of the area of Tasmania), of which Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service manages 823 reserves (about 2.9 e6ha, or over 42% of the area of Tasmania).

The following table demonstrates the distribution of terrestrial protected areas as of June 2016, any marine areas are excluded. All protected areas not managed by Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service or Sustainable Timber Tasmania is grouped into "other", including: formal and informal reserves on public land, reserves on private land, and Wellington Park.

Commonwealth marine reserves
There are several Commonwealth marine reserves in the vicinity of Tasmania, these reserves are not within state waters and are managed by the Australian government. All of the reserves are part of the South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserve Network which contains an additional 4 reserves.

 * Beagle
 * Boags
 * Flinders
 * Franklin
 * Freycinet
 * Huon
 * Macquarie Island
 * South Tasman Rise
 * Tasman Fracture
 * Zeehan

Tasmanian marine protected areas
Marine protected areas (MPAs) in Tasmanian state waters are classed as either conservation area, national park or nature reserve. Only the nature reserve or national park class have either restricted fishing or no take zones. Of the approximately 135000 ha of marine protected areas, about 48000 ha is restricted fishing or no take, Macquarie Island (~75000 ha) is a wholly no-take zone.

In total 7.9% of Tasmania's State coastal waters is reserved, however only 4.2% is in no-take areas and the majority of this is concentrated around subantarctic Macquarie Island. Only 1.1% of Tasmania's immediate coastal waters are fully protected in no-take areas.

Private reserves
Reserves on private land is about 4% of the terrestrial protected areas in Tasmania.

Conservation Covenant
Landowners may protect some areas of their land by entering into a Conservation Covenant which is legally binding under the Nature Conservation Act (2002) and is registered on the land title. Although usually in perpetuity, about 7% of the covenant area in Tasmania is fixed-term. In December 2016, there were 819 covenants covering an area of about 99000 ha.

Indigenous Protected Areas
There are 8 Indigenous Protected Area in Tasmania, covering an area of about 11000 ha.

IUCN V

 * Babel Island
 * Badger Island
 * Great Dog Island
 * lungatalanana
 * Mt Chappell Island
 * Putalina
 * Risdon Cove

IUCN VI

 * Preminghana

Private sanctuaries
Land reserved for the significant natural or cultural values while permitting the carrying out of agricultural or other activities consistent on preserving the values of the land.

Wellington Park
Wellington Park is the protected area which encompasses Mount Wellington and surrounds near Hobart. It is IUCN protected area category II and covers an area of about 18000 ha. It is managed by the Wellington Park Management Trust established in 1993 whose members include: Hobart and Glenorchy City Councils, Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service, DPIPWE, TasWater and Tourism Tasmania.

Future potential production forest
'Future potential production forest land' (FPPF or FPPFL) is crown land administered by the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) where, except in some circumstances for "special species timbers", no native forest harvesting can be undertaken. It was formally classified as 'future reserve land' (FRL) under the Tasmanian Forests Agreement. FPPF may be converted to 'permanent timber production zone land' (PTPZ or PTPZL) after 2020.

Background
The Tasmanian Forests Agreement which was passed in 2013 after almost 4 years of negotiations, categorised about 400000 ha of crown land native forest as FRL, which included areas of forests of the Styx, Weld, Upper Florentine, Great Western Tiers and Tarkine regions. The fate of FRL was dependent upon Tasmanian forest practices gaining Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification. In the recent 2014 audit, Forestry Tasmania (now Sustainable Timber Tasmania) complied with 193 indicators, but needed further action on 10 more.

In September 2014 the Tasmanian government passed legislation which reclassified the 400,000 hectares of FRL as FPPF. After the expiration of the memorandum in April 2020, areas of FPPF can be converted to PTPZ where native forest logging can occur, subject to parliamentary approval. Until 2020, only limited "special species timber" harvesting can be undertaken in FPPF.

Permanent timber production zone land
Sustainable Timber Tasmania is a government business enterprise owned by the Tasmanian Government which manages and operates state forest on crown land (officially classified as 'permanent timber production zone land'). Some of this land has informal protection and is managed for conservation as part of the Tasmanian CAR reserve system (e.g. habitat for threatened species, streamside protection, landscape connectivity). Informal reserves on the public production forest land cover about 121000 ha.

Forest reserves
Forest reserves are located on 'permanent timber production zone land' and may have recreation or other tourism facilities.

 * Brookerana
 * Dalgarth
 * Griffin
 * Hollybank
 * Jean Brook
 * Lawrence Rivulet
 * Oldina
 * Springfield
 * Tahune
 * Upper Natone
 * Wes Beckett

Conservation areas
A protected area of land predominantly in a natural state. The sustainable use of natural resources may be permitted, such as mining, special species timber harvesting or hunting. There are 438 conservation areas covering a terrestrial area of about 622000 ha. Mostly IUCN protected area categories IV, V or VI.

IUCN Ia or Ib

 * Picton River
 * Unnamed (Sun Ridge)

IUCN II

 * Boyd
 * Drys Bluff
 * Liffey
 * Meander
 * Unnamed (Gillam Creek Road)
 * Unnamed (Gunns Plains)
 * Unnamed (Mayberry CA)

IUCN III

 * Big Tree
 * Emu River
 * Fossil Cove
 * Gunns Plains
 * Meetus Falls
 * Roger River Road
 * Styx Tall Trees
 * Unnamed (Sassafras Creek)

IUCN IV

 * Alma Tier
 * Arve Loop
 * Big Sassy Creek
 * Bligh Point
 * Bluff River
 * Boggy Creek
 * Boot Bay
 * Brother and Sister
 * Brown Mountain
 * Brushy Rivulet
 * Buxton River
 * Christmas Hills
 * Cleveland Lagoon
 * Coal Point
 * Coxs Hill
 * Deep Lagoons
 * Den Hill
 * Denison Ridge
 * Dismal Range
 * Duck River East
 * Eastern Tiers
 * Exe Rivulet
 * Fisher Tier
 * Flowerdale River
 * Franklin Rivulet
 * Gentle Annie
 * Jackeys Creek
 * Kenmere Creek
 * Lake Binney
 * Lake Mikany
 * Lanes Tier
 * Long Hill
 * Lost Falls
 * MacLaines Creek
 * Marion Beach
 * Mersey River
 * Midday Hill
 * Middle Arm
 * Millers Bluff
 * Montagu Island
 * Mount Bruny
 * Mount Dromedary
 * Mount Hicks Road
 * Mount Mangana
 * Mount Midway
 * Mount Morrison
 * Mount Ponsonby
 * Mount Thunderbolt
 * Narrawa Road
 * North Styx
 * Ouse River
 * Pelican Island
 * Plains Creek
 * Quamby Bluff
 * Rebecca Creek
 * Red Reef
 * Reedy Marsh
 * Remarkable Rock
 * Rimons Hill
 * River Hill
 * Royal George
 * Sand River
 * Sandspit River
 * Shannon River
 * Shingle Hill
 * Sisters Island
 * Snake Bay
 * Snaky Creek
 * Table Mountain Shore
 * Tanina Bluff
 * Tarraleah
 * Tippogoree Hills
 * Tooms Lake
 * Tungatinah
 * Virginstow
 * Warrawee
 * Wayatinah
 * Wentworth Creek
 * Whalers Lookout
 * Wild Bee
 * Wyre Forest Creek
 * Yellow Bluff Creek
 * Unnamed (Badger Head Road)
 * Unnamed (Clerkes Hill)

IUCN V

 * Alpha Pinnacle
 * Anderson Islands
 * Apex Point
 * Arthur River
 * Badger Spur
 * Battery Island
 * Bellettes Bay
 * Big Bay
 * Black River
 * Black River Bridge
 * Black River South
 * Blyth Point
 * Boxen Island
 * Bridgenorth
 * Bull Rock
 * Bun Beetons Point
 * Burnett Point
 * Calder River
 * Calverts Lagoon
 * Cam River
 * Cam River South
 * Cape de la Sortie
 * Cape Portland
 * Carr Villa
 * Cataraqui Point
 * Champion Park
 * Chasm Creek
 * Cheeseberry Hill
 * Chronicle Point
 * City of Melbourne Bay
 * Clarence River
 * Clifton Beach
 * Cone Islet
 * Craggy Island
 * Crooked Billet Bay
 * Doctors Rocks
 * Don Heads
 * Doughboy Island
 * Duck River
 * Eaglehawk Bay-Flinders Bay
 * East Cam River
 * East Moncoeur Island
 * Edgcumbe Beach
 * Egg Beach
 * Eldorado
 * Elizabeth River
 * Esperance Point
 * Esperance River
 * Fannys Bay
 * Fingal Rivulet
 * Five Mile Pinnacles
 * Fletchers Hill West
 * Forth Falls Creek
 * Forwards Beach
 * Fotheringate Bay
 * Four Mile Creek
 * Good Marsh
 * Granite Point
 * Great Lake
 * Great Musselroe River
 * Greens Beach
 * Griggs Creek
 * Harbour Islets
 * Harcus Island
 * Harry Walker Tier
 * Hastings Bay
 * Henderson Islets
 * Holts Point
 * Hunter Island
 * Jones Rivulet
 * Kangaroo Island
 * Lackrana
 * Lake Dulverton
 * Lake River
 * Lighthouse Point
 * Little Island
 * Little Pine Lagoon
 * Little Swanport
 * Little Trefoil
 * Long Bay
 * Long Reach
 * Macquarie River
 * Marriott Reef
 * Marshall Beach
 * McDonalds Point
 * Middle Island
 * Montagu Beach
 * Morass Bay
 * Mount Wedge
 * Murkay Islets
 * Nares Rocks
 * Neds Reef
 * Ninth Island
 * Norfolk Bay
 * North George River
 * North Passage Point
 * North West Bay
 * North West Head
 * North-East Park
 * Ocean Beach
 * Outer North Head
 * Pasco Group
 * Peter Murrell
 * Plenty River
 * Point Bailly
 * Point du Ressac
 * Port Cygnet
 * Port Sorell
 * Prosser River
 * Punchbowl
 * Ralphs Bay
 * Ram Island
 * Red Hut Point
 * River Tyne
 * Rocky Point
 * Roydon Island
 * Running Ground Ridge
 * Salem Bay
 * Sassafras Gully
 * Seacrow Islet
 * Seagull Islet
 * Sentinel Island
 * Settlement Point
 * Sheepwash Bay
 * Shell Islets
 * Sidmouth
 * Simpsons Bay
 * Sloping Main
 * South Pats River
 * Spike Island
 * Split Rock Saddle
 * Stokes Point
 * Stringybark
 * Sugarloaf Rock
 * Tailers Bay
 * Tamar
 * Tea-Tree Bay
 * Trousers Point Beach
 * Truganini
 * Tully River
 * Tyenna River
 * Vansittart Island
 * Wallaby Islands
 * Wayatinah Lagoon
 * Wellwood Creek
 * West Arm
 * White Beach
 * Youngs Creek
 * Unnamed (Badger Corner)
 * Unnamed (Duck Bay)
 * Unnamed (Goulds Lagoon)
 * Unnamed (Kingston Golf Course)
 * Unnamed (Lake Leake)
 * Unnamed (Mersey Hill Karst)
 * Unnamed (Mersey River)
 * Unnamed (Pipers River)
 * Unnamed (Sanspit River)
 * Unnamed (The Lea)
 * Unnamed (Wet Cave)
 * Unnamed South Esk

IUCN VI

 * Adamsfield
 * Ansons Bay
 * Ansons River
 * Apsley
 * Arthur Bay
 * Arthur-Pieman
 * Bay of Fires
 * Bernafai Ridge
 * Blythe River
 * Boltons Beach
 * Boobyalla
 * Boobyalla River
 * Bouchers Creek
 * Brick Islands
 * Brid River
 * Briggs Islet
 * Brookerana
 * Brougham Sugarloaf
 * Cat Island
 * Catamaran River
 * Central Plateau
 * Chalky Island
 * Chauncy Vale
 * Chuckle Head
 * Coles Bay
 * Colliers Swamp
 * Coswell Beach
 * Counsel Hill
 * Cressy Beach
 * Crotty
 * Dans Hill
 * Darling Range
 * Dasher River
 * Denison Rivulet
 * Detention Falls
 * Devils Den
 * Double Sandy Point
 * Egg Islands
 * Five Mile Bluff
 * Foochow
 * Forsyth Island
 * Fossil Bluff
 * George Town
 * Goose Island
 * Gordons Ridge
 * Granite Tor
 * Gravelly Ridge
 * Great Western Tiers
 * Gull Island
 * Heazlewood Hill
 * Hogan Group
 * Howie Island
 * Jacksons Cove
 * Judbury
 * Kelvedon Beach
 * Lagoons Beach
 * Lake Beatrice
 * Lees Point
 * Liawenee
 * Lillico Beach
 * Lime Pit Road
 * Limekiln Creek
 * Little Beach
 * Little Boobyalla River
 * Little Chalky Island
 * Little Green Island
 * Little Quoin
 * Logan Lagoon
 * Long Island
 * Long Tom
 * Low Point
 * Marks Point
 * Mayfield Bay
 * Medeas Cove
 * Mile Island
 * Millingtons Beach
 * Molesworth
 * Moss Gully
 * Mount Bethune
 * Mount Faulkner
 * Mount Royal
 * Mount Rumney
 * Mountain Creek
 * Mulligans Hill
 * Murphys Flat
 * Musselroe Bay
 * Night Island
 * Oyster Rocks
 * Pardoe Northdown
 * Parnella
 * Passage Island
 * Patriarchs
 * Peggs Beach
 * Perkins Island
 * Porky Beach
 * Prime Seal Island
 * Princess River
 * Rainbow Point
 * Randalls Bay
 * Raspins Beach
 * Redbill Point
 * Reef Island
 * Roaring Beach
 * Russell Ridge
 * Sea Elephant
 * Sensation Gorge
 * Seymour
 * Shag Lagoon
 * Sherwood Hill
 * Single Tree Plain
 * Sister Islands
 * Slaves Bay
 * South Arm
 * South Esk River
 * Southport Lagoon
 * Spiky Beach
 * Spinning Gum
 * St Clair Lagoon
 * St Helens
 * Stanley
 * Storehouse Island
 * Strickland
 * Summer Camp
 * Surveyors Bay
 * Swansea
 * Swift Creek
 * Table Mountain
 * Tathams Lagoon
 * Tatlows Beach
 * The Dutchman
 * Tiger Rise
 * Top Marshes
 * Tunbridge Tier
 * Upper Blythe
 * Vale of Belvoir
 * Waddles Creek
 * Waterhouse
 * Waterhouse Island
 * Wedge Island
 * West Inlet
 * White Kangaroo
 * Wielangta
 * Woodbridge Hill
 * Wright and Egg Islands
 * Wybalenna Island
 * Yarlington
 * Unnamed (Fern Glade)
 * Unnamed (Long Marsh)
 * Unnamed (Pipers Brook)
 * Unnamed (Tooms Lake)

Marine conservation areas
Conservation areas that are marine protected areas cover about 12000 ha of state waters, and are all IUCN protected area category VI. Marine conservation areas do not have any fishing restrictions.

 * Blackman Rivulet
 * Central Channel
 * Cloudy Bay Lagoon
 * Hippolyte Rocks
 * Huon Estuary
 * Monk Bay
 * Opossum Bay
 * Port Cygnet
 * River Derwent
 * Roberts Point
 * Simpsons Point
 * Sloping Island
 * South Arm
 * Waterfall-Fortescue

Game reserves
An area of land conserved for containing natural values that are unique, important or have representative value; particularly games species and allowing the sustainable hunting these species. There are 12 game reserves covering an area of about 20000 ha, all are IUCN protected area category VI.

 * Actaeon Island
 * Bird Island
 * Bruny Island Neck
 * Farm Cove
 * Lake Tiberias
 * Little Dog Island
 * Moulting Lagoon
 * New Year Island
 * North East River
 * Petrel Islands
 * Sellars Lagoon
 * Stack Island

Historic sites
Land with significant historic cultural heritage and is conserved for presentation of these features for public appreciation and education. There are 30 historic sites covering an area of about 16000 ha. Most are IUCN protected area category V.

IUCN II
 * Macquarie Harbour

IUCN IV

 * Cemetery Point
 * Premaydena Point

IUCN V

 * Batchelors Grave
 * Callington Mill
 * Cape Sorell
 * Cascades Female Factory
 * Coal Mines
 * Currie Lightkeepers Residence
 * D'Entrecasteaux Monument
 * D'Entrecasteaux Watering Place
 * Eaglehawk Neck
 * Eddystone Point Lighthouse
 * Entally House
 * George III Monument
 * Highfield
 * Kangaroo Bluff
 * Low Head
 * Lyons Cottage
 * Mount Direction
 * Port Arthur
 * Richmond Gaol
 * Ross Female Convict Station
 * Shot Tower
 * Strahan Customs House
 * Sydney Cove
 * Tasman Monument
 * Toll House
 * Waubadebars Grave
 * Yorktown

National parks
A national park in Tasmania is defined as a large natural area of land containing a representative or outstanding sample of major natural regions, features or scenery. National parks serve to protect and maintain the natural and cultural values of the area of land while providing for ecologically sustainable recreation. There are 19 national parks covering a terrestrial area of about 1468000 ha, the largest protected area category in Tasmania.

IUCN Ia or Ib

 * Maria Island
 * Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair
 * Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers
 * Savage River
 * Southwest
 * Walls of Jerusalem

IUCN II

 * Ben Lomond
 * Douglas-Apsley
 * Freycinet
 * Hartz Mountains
 * Kent Group
 * Mole Creek Karst
 * Mount Field
 * Mount William
 * Narawntapu
 * Rocky Cape
 * South Bruny
 * Strzelecki
 * Tasman

National parks (marine)
Three national parks also have a marine protected area component. These cover about 48000 ha of state waters.

 * Kent Group (forms part of Kent Group National Park)
 * Maria Island (forms part of Maria Island National Park)
 * Port Davey/Bathurst (forms part of Southwest National Park)

Nature recreation areas
Is predominantly in a natural state or contains sensitive natural sites of significance for recreation. Reserved for public recreation and education consistent with conserving the values of the area. There are 25 nature recreation areas covering an area of about 67000 ha, mostly IUCN protected area category V.

IUCN III

 * Pirates Bay
 * Trevallyn

IUCN V

 * Black Bluff
 * Briant Hill
 * Coningham
 * Donaldson River
 * Gellibrand Point
 * Gordons Hill
 * Hope Island
 * Humbug Point
 * Kate Reed
 * Knopwood Hill
 * Lake Barrington
 * Meehan Range
 * Mount Dial
 * Palana Beach
 * Recherche Bay
 * Reynolds Falls
 * Rosny Hill
 * Snug Tiers

IUCN VI

 * Emita
 * Killiecrankie
 * Mount Tanner

Nature reserves
An area of land that is conserved for the natural values that contribute to the natural biological or geological diversity of the area and are unique, important or have representative value. There are 86 nature reserves covering a terrestrial area of about 36000 ha. Mostly IUCN protected area category Ia.

IUCN Ia

 * Africa Gully
 * Albatross Island
 * Andersons
 * Basin
 * Bass Pyramid
 * Baynes Island
 * Black Pyramid Rock
 * Butlers Ridge
 * Calverts Hill
 * Cape Bernier
 * Cape Deslacs
 * Christmas Island
 * Coal River Gorge
 * Councillor Island
 * Curtis Island
 * Dead Dog Hill
 * Dennes Hill
 * Devils Tower
 * Diamond Island
 * Dickinsons
 * Dry Creek East
 * Dry Creek South
 * Dry Creek West
 * Duckholes Lagoons
 * Elderslie
 * Foster Islands
 * George Rocks
 * Hardys Hill
 * Hawley
 * Heathy Hills
 * Hospital Creek
 * Huntingdon
 * Ile Des Phoques
 * Ironpot Gully
 * Isabella Island
 * Isle of Caves
 * Kentford Forest
 * Lachlan Island
 * Lake Johnston
 * Little Christmas Island
 * Little Swan Island
 * Little Waterhouse Island
 * Low Islets
 * Macquarie Island (World Heritage)
 * Mersey Hill Karst
 * Moriarty Rocks
 * North East Islet
 * Paddys Island
 * Pelham
 * Pelham North
 * Pelham West
 * Penguin Islet
 * Powranna
 * Reid Rocks
 * Rocka Rivulet
 * Rodondo Island
 * Sith Cala
 * Spectacle Islands
 * Tenth Island
 * The Doughboys
 * Tinderbox
 * West Moncoeur Island
 * Wingaroo
 * Woodvine
 * Wright Rock

IUCN IV

 * Betsey Island
 * Big Green Island
 * Chappell Islands
 * Cherry Tree Hill
 * East Kangaroo Island
 * Green Island
 * Jordan
 * Muddy Lagoon
 * Narrows Road
 * Native Point
 * Pitt Water
 * Three Sisters-Goat Island
 * Tom Gibson
 * Township Lagoon

IUCN V

 * Badger Box Creek
 * Lily Lagoon

Marine nature reserves
Nature reserves that are marine protected areas cover about 76000 ha of state waters (includes Macquarie Island).

 * Governor Island
 * Macquarie Island
 * Ninepin Point
 * Tinderbox

Regional reserves
May have also previously been known as forest reserves, a regional reserve is an area of land with a high mineral potential or prospectively and is predominantly in a natural state. The purpose of reservation is for mineral exploration and the development of mineral deposits and/or the controlled use of other natural resources, including special species timber harvesting, while protecting and maintaining the natural and cultural values. There are 148 regional reserves covering an area of about 454000 ha, a majority are IUCN protected area category IV.

IUCN III

 * Dip Falls
 * Hardings Falls
 * Julius River
 * Lake Chisholm
 * Mount Puzzler
 * South Weld
 * Sumac

IUCN IV

 * Andersons Creek
 * Apslawn
 * Arm River
 * Avenue River
 * Badger River
 * Balfour Track
 * Bells Marsh
 * Black Creek
 * Black Jack Hill
 * Blue Tier
 * Boco Creek
 * Bond Tier
 * Bonneys Tier
 * Borradaile
 * Break O'Day
 * Burns Peak
 * Caroline Creek
 * Coppermine Creek
 * Crayfish Creek
 * Cygnet River
 * Deep Gully
 * Den Ranges
 * Derby
 * Dial Range
 * Dickies Ridge
 * Dip River
 * Dismal Swamp
 * Doctors Peak
 * Dogs Head Hill
 * Dove River
 * Emu Ground
 * Fords Pinnacle
 * Frome
 * German Town
 * Hatfield River
 * Henty
 * Huntsmans Cap
 * Huskisson River
 * John Lynch
 * Joy Creek
 * Kohls Falls
 * Lady Binney
 * Lady Nelson
 * Lake Pieman
 * Laurel Creek
 * Lefroy
 * Lobster Rivulet
 * Long Ridge
 * Lovells Creek
 * Lower Marsh Creek
 * Luncheon Hill
 * Lutregala Creek
 * Mackintosh
 * Maggs Mountain
 * Martins Hill
 * Mathinna Falls
 * Mersey White Water
 * Milkshake Hills
 * Montagu River
 * Montagu Swamp
 * Mount Arthur
 * Mount Careless
 * Mount Horror / Konewongener
 * Mount Kershaw
 * Mount Maurice
 * Mount Stronach
 * Mount Victoria
 * Nicholas Range
 * North Esk
 * North Scottsdale
 * Nunamara
 * Old Park
 * Oxberry Plains
 * Paradise Plains
 * Parangana Sugarloaf
 * Peaked Hill
 * Pepper Hill
 * Pipers River
 * Porcupine Hill
 * Promised Land
 * Prossers
 * Pruana
 * Rayners Hill
 * Ringarooma River
 * Roaring Magg Hill
 * Savage River Pipeline
 * Sawmill Creek
 * Sawpit Ridge
 * Scamander
 * Shakespeare Hills
 * Snow Hill
 * Snowy River
 * South Esk
 * Staverton
 * Swan River
 * Teds Flat
 * Tombstone Creek
 * Trowutta
 * Waratah Creek
 * Warra Creek
 * Weavers Creek
 * Welcome Swamp
 * Winterbrook Falls

IUCN V

 * Evercreech
 * Humboldt Ridge
 * Lizard Hill
 * Styx River
 * Weld River

IUCN VI

 * Avoca
 * Barway Spur
 * Briggs
 * Cameron
 * Castle Cary
 * Clear Hill
 * Crotty Ridge
 * Dip Range
 * Dog Kennels
 * Florentine River
 * Four Mile Beach
 * Gog Range
 * Leven Canyon
 * Lukes Knob
 * Meredith Range
 * Mount Dundas
 * Mount Farrell
 * Mount Heemskirk
 * Mount Murchison
 * Mount Roland
 * Parting Creek
 * Renison Bell
 * St Pauls
 * Teepookana
 * Tikkawoppa Plateau
 * Tyndall
 * West Coast Range

State reserves
An area of land which provides protection and maintenance for significant natural landscapes, features, or sites of significance to Aboriginal people. There are 65 state reserves covering an area of about 47000 ha. Most are IUCN protected area category II or III.

IUCN Ia

 * Dart Island
 * Iron Pot

IUCN II

 * Alum Cliffs
 * Calm Bay
 * Devils Gullet
 * Disappointment Bay
 * East Risdon
 * Echo Sugarloaf
 * Hellyer Gorge
 * Lavinia
 * Lime Bay
 * Peter Murrell
 * Pieman River
 * St Patricks Head
 * Three Hummock Island
 * Welcome River
 * Wye River

IUCN III

 * Bradys Lookout
 * Cape Wickham
 * Derwent Cliffs
 * Eaglehawk Bay
 * Eugenana
 * Fairy Glade
 * Ferndene
 * Forest Vale
 * Forth Falls
 * Gunns Plains Cave
 * Hastings Caves
 * Henty Glacial Erratics
 * Holwell Gorge
 * Ida Bay
 * Junee Cave
 * Kimberley Springs
 * Liffey Falls
 * Little Peggs Beach
 * Lookout Rock
 * Marriotts Falls
 * Mersey Bluff
 * Mount Barrow
 * Mount Barrow Falls
 * Mount Montgomery
 * Mount Pearson
 * Notley Gorge
 * Quarantine Station
 * Roger River
 * Safety Cove
 * Seal Rocks
 * St Columba Falls
 * St Marys Pass
 * Stewarts Bay
 * Sundown Point
 * Table Cape
 * Tessellated Pavement
 * The Nut
 * The Steppes
 * Three Thumbs
 * Trial Harbour
 * Trowutta Caves
 * Waterfall Creek
 * Weldborough Pass
 * West Point
 * Yellow Creek

title: Protected areas of Tasmania


text:
Protected areas of Victoria

Victoria is the smallest mainland state in Australia. it contained 5,081 separate protected areas with a total land area of 4012888 ha (17.64% of the state's area).

The parks are managed by Parks Victoria, a state government agency. There are also many smaller state areas which are subject to commercial activity such as logging.

National parks
National parks provide the highest level of protection to diverse natural areas. They usually contain the best and most unique examples of our natural values and biodiversity. There are 45 national parks in Victoria, totalling 2910738 ha (72.53% of the state's protected areas).

State parks
State parks help protect the state's natural values. They are very similar to national parks, however, the conservation values and landscapes they protect are smaller or less diverse. There are 26 state parks in Victoria, totalling 158043 ha (3.94% of the state's protected areas).

Regional parks
Regional parks are found close to urban centres or major tourist routes. While still places of natural beauty, visitor recreation is the primary purpose of regional parks. • Ararat Regional Park

• Baranduda Regional Park

• Bendigo Regional Park

• Cobram Regional Park

• Colquhoun Regional Park

• Crawford River Regional Park

• Creswick Regional Park

• Crossover Regional Park

• Echuca Regional Park

• Glenmaggie Regional Park

• Hepburn Regional Park

• Jarvis Creek Plateau Regional Park

• Kerang Regional Park

• Kororoit Creek Regional Park (being developed)

• Kurth Kiln Regional Park

• Macedon Regional Park

• Maryborough Regional Park

• Mirboo North Regional Park

• Mount Alexander Regional Park

• Mount Mitta Mitta Regional Park

• Mount Raymond Regional Park

• Shepparton Regional Park

• St Arnaud Regional Park

• Tocumwal Regional Park

• Wandong Regional Park

• Werribee Regional Park

• Woowookarung Regional Park

• Yarrawonga Regional Park

• You Yangs Regional Park

Metropolitan parks
Metropolitan parks are very similar to regional parks, however, are located in metropolitan Melbourne. • Albert Park

• Braeside Park

• Cardinia Creek Parklands

• Cardinia Reservoir Parks

• * Aura Vale Lake Park

• Dandenong Valley Parklands

• * Bushy Park Wetlands

• * Jells Park

• * Koomba Park

• * Nortons Park

• * Shepherds Bush

• * Tirhatuan Park

• Herring Island Environmental Sculpture Park

• Greenvale Reservoir Park

• Karkarook Park

• Lysterfield Park

• Maribyrnong Valley Parklands

• * Brimbank Park

• * Horseshoe Bend Farm

• Maroondah Reservoir Park

• Merri Creek Park

• Mullum Mullum Park

• Plenty Gorge Parklands

• Silvan Reservoir Park

• Sugarloaf Reservoir Parks

• Toorourrong Reservoir Park

• Wattle Park

• Werribee Park

• Westgate Park

• Yan Yean Reservoir Park

• Yarra Bend Park

• Yarra Valley Parklands

• * Banksia Park

• * Birrarrung Park

• * Candlebark Park

• * Longridge Park Camp

• * Sweeneys Flats

• * Westerfolds Park

• * Yarra Flats Park

Indigenous Protected Areas
Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) are "areas of land and sea managed by Indigenous groups as protected areas for biodiversity conservation through voluntary agreements with the Australian Government".

There are 5 indigenous protected areas in Victoria, totalling 3888 ha (0.1% of the state's protected areas). The following IPAs have been declared in Victoria:
 * Budj Bim
 * Kurtonitj
 * Lake Condah
 * Tyrendarra
 * Deen Maar
 * Framlingham Forest

Historic and heritage
Parks Victoria is responsible for the largest and most diverse collection of heritage places on public land in Victoria. They manage more than 3,000 historic assets including cultural landscapes, buildings, infrastructure, significant trees, objects and artefacts, archaeological sites, and shipwrecks.

Historic and heritage parks
Historic or heritage parks are significant historic cultural landscapes of heritage value. There are 6 historic and heritage parks in Victoria • Beechworth Historic Park

• Castlemaine Diggings National Heritage Park

• Point Gellibrand Heritage Park

• Steiglitz Historic Park

• Wimmera River Heritage Area Park

• Woodlands Historic Park

Historic and heritage areas
There are 75 historic and heritage areas in Victoria including: • Coolart Historic Area

• Daylesford Court House Complex Historic Area

• Eldorado Historic Area

• Howqua Hills Historic Area

• Lal Lal - Bungal Historic Area

• Maldon Historic Area

• Moliagul Historic Area

• Oriental Claims Historic Area

• State Coal Mine Heritage Area

• Walhalla Historic Area

• White Hills Chinese Diggings Historic Area

Heritage River
There are 18 heritage rivers in Victoria, totalling 158783 ha (3.96% of the state's protected areas). These are defined under the Heritage Rivers Act 1992 as parts of rivers and river catchment areas that have significant nature conservation, recreation, scenic or cultural heritage values • Aberfeldy River

• Aire River

• Bemm, Goolengook, Arte and Errinundra Rivers

• Big River

• Genoa River

• Glenelg River

• Goulburn River

• Howqua River

• Lerderderg River

• Mitchell and Wonnangatta Rivers

• Mitta Mitta River

• Ovens River

• Snowy River

• Suggan Buggan and Berrima Rivers

• Thomson River

• Upper Buchan River

• Wimmera River

• Yarra River

Marine protected areas
Victoria is the first jurisdiction in the world to create an entire system of highly protected marine national parks at the same time. Victoria contained 30 separate marine protected areas with a total area of 121242 ha (11.87% of the state's coastal waters). Marine national parks and sanctuaries contain important marine habitats and species, or encompass areas of significant natural features; and are highly protected areas in which no fishing, extractive or damaging activities are permitted.

Marine national parks
There are 13 marine national parks in Victoria, totalling 52191 ha (43.05% of the state's protected waters).

Marine sanctuaries
There are 11 marine sanctuaries in Victoria, totalling 864 ha (0.71% of the state's protected waters).

Coastal and marine parks
Coastal Parks and Marine Parks protect areas of coastal, intertidal or subtidal land. There are 6 marine (or marine & coastal) parks in Victoria, totalling 68187 ha (56.24% of the state's protected waters). There are also 5 coastal parks in Victoria, totalling 45284 ha (1.13% of the state's protected land areas).

 * The former Point Cook Coastal Park (proclaimed in 1978) became part of the Point Cooke Marine Sanctuary.
 * The former Cape Schanck Coastal Park (proclaimed on 1 December 1975) became part of the old Point Nepean National Park in 1988.

Reference areas
Reference areas are tracts of public land containing viable samples of one or more land types that are relatively undisturbed. There are 144 reference areas in Victoria, totalling 112628 ha (2.81% of the state's protected areas) and all but 23032 ha are located inside other protected areas including: • Anser Island

• Baw Baw

• Benedore River

• Cobboboonee

• Cobboboonee

• Disappointment

• French Island (East)

• French Island (North)

• Kooyoora

• Little Desert (East)

• Little Desert (West)

• Merragunegin

• Mitta Mitta

• Mount Buffalo

• Pine Mountain

• Raak Plain

• Reef Hills

• Stringybark Creek

• Sunset

• Tambo River

• Terrick Terrick

• Tooan

• Warby Range

• Wonnangatta River

• Yan Yean North

• Yan Yean South

Wilderness and Nature parks
Wilderness parks are large areas with native plant and animal communities that are relatively unaffected by humans. They are managed for conservation, with no facilities provided for visitors and no vehicles are permitted. There are 3 wilderness parks in Victoria, totalling 200699 ha (5% of the state's protected areas).

There is 1 nature park in Victoria, totalling 1925 ha (0.05% of the state's protected areas).

Wilderness zones
There are 19 wilderness zones in Victoria, totalling 641441 ha (15.98% of the state's protected areas) and all but 131 ha are located inside other protected areas.

 * Bowen
 * Buchan Headwaters
 * Cape Howe
 * Chinaman Flat
 * Cobberas
 * Galpunga
 * Genoa
 * Indi
 * Minook
 * Mount Cowra
 * Mount Darling - Snowy Bluff
 * North Wyperfeld
 * Razor-Viking
 * Sandpatch
 * Snowy River
 * South Wyperfeld
 * Sunset
 * Tingaringy
 * Wilsons Promontory

Natural catchment area
There are 25 natural catchment areas in Victoria, totalling 151368 ha (3.77% of the state's protected areas).

Remote and natural area
There are 24 remote and natural areas in Victoria, totalling 302990 ha (7.55% of the state's protected areas).

Other reserves
In Victoria, there are a total of 2776 nature reserves, totalling 467092 ha (11.64% of the state's protected areas) divided is the following different groups:

There are 1592 bushland reserves in Victoria, totalling 45305 ha (1.13% of the state's protected areas). There are 9 cave reserves in Victoria, totalling 532 ha (0.01% of the state's protected areas). There are 13 conservation parks / conservation reserves in Victoria, totalling 20994 ha (0.52% of the state's protected areas). There are a total of 186 flora and/or fauna reserves in Victoria, totalling 119632 ha (2.98% of the state's protected areas). There are 14 geological reserves in Victoria, totalling 436 ha (0.01% of the state's protected areas). There are 39 gippsland lakes reserves in Victoria, totalling 7129 ha (0.18% of the state's protected areas). There are 263 nature conservation reserves in Victoria, totalling 136909 ha (3.41% of the state's protected areas). There are 49 natural features reserves in Victoria, totalling 10402 ha (0.26% of the state's protected areas). There are 50 scenic reserves in Victoria, totalling 9649 ha (0.24% of the state's protected areas). There are 24 combined natural features and scenic reserves in Victoria, totalling 19799 ha (0.49% of the state's protected areas). There are 259 streamside reserves in Victoria, totalling 7895 ha (0.2% of the state's protected areas). There is 1 tall trees reserve in Victoria, totalling 14 ha. There are 277 wildlife reserves in Victoria, totalling 88396 ha (2.2% of the state's protected areas).
 * Bushland Reserve
 * Cave Reserve
 * Conservation park / reserve
 * Flora & Fauna Reserve
 * Geological Reserve
 * Gippsland Lakes Reserve
 * Nature Conservation Reserve
 * Natural Features and Scenic Reserve
 * Streamside Reserve
 * Tall Trees Reserve
 * Wildlife Reserve

 * Some of the nature reserves include:
 * Deep Lead Nature Conservation Reserve
 * Jackass Flat Nature Conservation Reserve
 * Long Forest Flora & Fauna Reserve
 * Marble Gully - Mount Tambo Nature Conservation Reserve
 * Mount Elizabeth Nature Conservation Reserve
 * Mount Hope Nature Conservation Reserve
 * Mullinger Swamp Wildlife Reserve
 * The Spit Wildlife Reserve
 * Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve

title: Protected areas of Victoria