text:
Marshall, New York

Marshall is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,966 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Marshall is in the southeastern part of the county and is located southwest of Utica.

History
The first settlers were the Brothertown Indians, a group of about 400 people formed from scattered remnants of tribes from New England and Long Island, led by Asa Dick and Samson Occom, who arrived around 1774. They were granted land by the Oneida Indians, for the purpose of creating a new township for Christian Indians. They made their homes around the Oriskany Creek, which provided power for their grist mills. Many Brotherton Indians left town during the Revolutionary War, returning after end of the war to farm. Because Brotherton Indians came from different peoples whose languages were not mutually intelligible, many adopted the English language. The number of Brotherton Indians had dwindled by 1850, with some succumbing to alcoholism, and others selling their land and moving to Green Bay, Wisconsin.

The first white settlers arrived in 1794 and settled in the higher regions, in Hanover and the west hills. The town was formed in 1829 from the Town of Kirkland.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 32.8 sqmi, all land.

Part of the southern town line is the border of Madison County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,127 people, 786 households, and 579 families residing in the town. The population density was 64.8 PD/sqmi. There were 829 housing units at an average density of 25.3 per square mile (9.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.54% White, 0.52% African American, 0.14% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.

There were 786 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,125, and the median income for a family was $47,214. Males had a median income of $31,150 versus $24,196 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,133. About 6.8% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Marshall

 * Brothertown – A location in the southwestern section of the town, northwest of Waterville.  Locally known for accommodating Native Americans before and during local settlement.  Waterville Central School's football and outdoor soccer facility was named Brothertown Stadium and Waterville's mascot is an Indian.
 * Daytonville – A hamlet northwest of the Marshall hamlet.
 * Deansboro – A hamlet on NY 12B in the northwestern part of the town.  Location of the town government.
 * Forge Hollow – A hamlet northwest of Waterville, located on NY 315.
 * Grant Hill – An elevation located north of Waterville.
 * Hanover – A hamlet west of the Marshall hamlet and north of Waterville.
 * Hardscrabble Hill – An elevation located northeast of Waterville.
 * Hubbard Corners – A location northwest of Marshall, located on NY 12.
 * Lewis Corners – A location west of the Marshall hamlet.
 * Marshall – The hamlet of Marshall is near the eastern town line.
 * McConnell Corners – A location near the northern town line.
 * Oriskany Falls – The Village of Oriskany Falls is at the southwestern corner of the town.
 * Peck Corners – A location north of Daytonville.
 * Small Corners – A hamlet south of Deansboro.
 * Tassel Hill – Highest point in Oneida County. Located in the eastern part of the town, east of Route 12 on the borders of the towns of Bridgewater, Paris, and Sangerfield.
 * Waterville – The northern section of the Village of Waterville is on the southern town line.

title: Marshall, New York


text:
New York Mills, New York

New York Mills is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 3,327 at the 2010 census.

The village of New York Mills is partly in the town of Whitestown and partly in the town of New Hartford. It is a western suburb of the city of Utica.

History
There were three mills which gave the village its name. They dated from around 1808 and closed in the 1950s. The Middle Mill Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

James S. Pula and Eugene E. Dziedzic provide a detailed history on the village in their book New York Mills (Images of America): "New York Mills, named for the textile factories that were once the backbone of the surrounding villages economy, ranked among the foremost producers of quality fabrics in the country. Originally a wilderness area just south of the Mohawk River, the community began with a few scattered homes after the establishment of a small textile mill in 1808. Nourished by a growing economy, the village attracted a mosaic of Welsh and French-Canadian workers in the 19th century, followed by Poles, Syro-Lebanese, and Italians in the early 20th century. A hotbed of abolitionism in the antebellum years, it sent high percentages of its residents off to the Civil War, World War I, and World War II. In 1912 and 1916, its Polish residents founded a union and led textile strikes that were considered the most successful in the nation at that time. With the eventual closing of the mills in the 1950s, residents found employment in the surrounding area as the village evolved into a stable and prosperous suburban community."

After the Revolutionary War, which started in the year of 1775 and ended in 1783, an act was passed and the town of Whitestown was formed. There was a piece of land west of Sadaquada Creek newly given the name New York Mills. People started to settle down on this small piece of land and create a life there in 1902. The people of the village built a school house, organized a school district for other settlers and their children. In 1902 Walcott &. Co was formed.

In 1810 mill number 2 of 4 was formed "Oneida Manufacturing Society." In 1813 mill number 3 "Whitestown Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Society" was formed and began operating in 1827. 1870 the Burr Stone mill was created and lastly mill number 4 of 4 was built and operating in 1902. New York Mills was full of booming industries before it became a village. The village is close to major rivers, the Mohawk river being one, and "many lakes and the spectacular Adirondack Mountains where residents can be dazzled by the fresh water lakes, valleys or mountains within a short time."

The village has always been fairly small considering it is located in between, and in close proximity to, the two larger villages of New Hartford and Whitesboro [New York Mills also adjoins the village of Yorkville, both being western suburbs of the City of Utica]. The village incorporated a blacksmith, bakery, drug stores, and a few hotels. The name New York Mills originated from the mills that were located in the small village. In 1870 the Burr Stone Mill was built. It is massive in size and stands four and a half stories high, "the mill is 250 feet long and 70 feet wide". Weaving machinery was dedicated to the first floor of the building. "The remaining floors two, three, and four were for spooling, carding, and warping."

In 1909, the mills of the New York Mills Corporation went into foreclosure and were purchased by Augustus D. Juilliard Company. The Juilliard Company sold the mills again in 1953.

In 1902, Benjamin Stuart Walcott, Sr. and his son, Benjamin Stuart Walcott, Jr. opened the Walcott & Campbell Spinning Mill on Sauquoit Street. The Walcotts established the mill near Sadaquada Creek because they saw the potential of water power from the creek. After the mill shut down near mid-century, the building was split into two units, with the south side of the building occupied by the Nehi Bottling Works, and the north side occupied by Husted Concrete Products, a company that manufactured concrete pipe. As early as 1878, a high percentage of immigrants became an integral part of the villages population". At this time Polish Immigrants began to settle in New York Mills to look for jobs and a place to live. Since the inception of the village,  many improvements have been made such as road paving and updating old buildings that were built 75 years ago.  However, "from its meager beginnings New York Mills has evolved and shaped up in throughout the past centuries"

Notable people

 * Lewis A. Brigham, represented New Jersey's 7th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1879 to 1881
 * Robin Curtis, actress
 * Ed Furgol, winner of 1954 U.S. Open at Baltusrol, champion golfer who overcame an unbending left arm from a broken elbow at age 12
 * Marty Furgol, PGA golfer (unrelated to Ed Furgol )
 * Charles Melville Moss (1853 - 1926), Classicist at University of Illinois and author of A First Greek Reader, with Notes and Vocabulary (1887)
 * Charles Doolittle Walcott, paleontologist
 * Frederic C. Walcott, United States Senator representing Connecticut from 1929 to 1935
 * Joe Bonamassa, American blues rock guitarist, singer and songwriter.

Geography
New York Mills is located at 43.10257°N, -75.29211°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.1 sqmi, all land.

The village is south of the Mohawk River. Some of the surrounding towns and cities near New York Mills include Whitesboro, Utica, Yorkville, and New Hartford.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,191 people, 1,550 households, and 806 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,807.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,633 housing units at an average density of 1,436.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.21% White, 0.38% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.25% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.07% of the population.

There were 1,550 households, out of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.9% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.0% were non-families. 41.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 24.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,993, and the median income for a family was $39,779. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $29,844 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,793. About 8.6% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: New York Mills, New York


text:
Oneida Castle, New York

Oneida Castle is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 625 at the 2010 census.

The Village of Oneida Castle is in the northwestern corner of the Town of Vernon. Oneida Castle is east of the City of Oneida (located in Madison County) and west of the City of Sherrill in New York State.

History
The village was formerly the site of a major fortified village, Kanonwalohale (written as "tkanaˀalóhaleˀ" modern Oneida Orthography), of the Oneida tribe, one of the original Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. They established it in the beginning of the 18th century, moving from an area where they suffered raids by parties from the French colony of Quebec, which was trying to control their fur trade. The village was surrounded by tall wooden palisades, with a moat bordering this. Dwellings and storage structures were protected inside. Mohawk Joseph Brant led a war party which destroyed the village in July 1780.

Later European-American settlers named the Village of Oneida Castle for this last great village or "castle" of the Oneida people. In the colonial period, Europeans often referred to the major fortified Iroquois villages as "castles" because it was a familiar reference for them for such a settlement; other examples include Seneca Castle and Genesee Castle.

Geography
Oneida Castle is located at 43.07833°N, -75.63333°W (43.078335, -75.633383). Oneida Castle is the approximate geographic center of New York State. There have been past attempts to move the state capitol here. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.5 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 627 people, 264 households, and 178 families in the village. The population density was 1,201.1 PD/sqmi. There were 284 housing units at an average density of 544.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.25% White, 0.80% Native American, 0.32% Asian, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32%.

Of the 264 households 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 26.1% of households were one person and 11.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.87.

The age distribution was 21.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median household income was $40,789 and the median family income was $45,875. Males had a median income of $35,568 versus $26,964 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,056. About 5.5% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Oneida Castle, New York


text:
Oriskany, New York

Oriskany ( or ) is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,400 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from the Iroquois word for "nettles".

The Village of Oriskany is in the Town of Whitestown, southeast of the City of Rome. NY-69 passes through the village, which is south of the Erie Canal.

History
The Oneida village of Oriska was established at the confluence of the Oriskany Creek and the Mohawk River before 1766. Oriska, sometimes also spelled as Ockrisk, Oriska, or Oriske, is believed to be a linguistic corruption of "Ol Hiskè" meaning "a place of nettles."

On August 5, 1777, during the American Revolution, Oriska was visited by the Tryon County militia led by Brigadier General Nicholas Herkimer. The American-aligned militia was en route to Fort Stanwix to help lift a siege by allied British forces. Several dozen to one hundred Oneida joined Herkimer's militia for the trip.

On the morning of August 6, 1777, the forces left Oriska for Fort Stanwix but were met by an ambush about three miles outside of Oriska. The location today is marked by the Oriskany Battlefield State Historic Site.

The Tory Mohawk who allied with the British later retaliated against Oriska, destroying "stock and provisions" of the village's residents.

Records of the village for the remainder of the war remain sparse. In a letter dated November 30, 1778, Major General Philip Schuyler implores General Washington that "for the Support of the Communication and Security of Convoys" between Albany and Oswego "Another post to be Occupied by a like number [of 50 men] should be Established At or near Oriska," among seven other sites.Founders Online: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 30 No …

In June 1785, the area was surveyed by G. Lansing for a map entitled "Surveys & Partition of the Oriskany or Oriskary Patent," with seven allotments and numerous land claims noted.

Before 1810, the surveyor, Col. Gerritt Lansing, returned to the Oriskany Patent to settle. In 1811, he helped found the Oriskany Manufacturing Company. The company's year of incorporation is commonly cited as the founding date for the resettled village.

Oriskany Manufacturing Company would operate for several decades. The site later became the Waterbury Felt Mill.

The Erie Canal passed through the village until it was surpassed by the NYS Barge Canal. The path of the earlier canal later became State Route 69.

The naming of the village from Oriska to Oriskany has become something of an urban legend. As the legend goes, there was a mix up at the post office - a missing comma. Instead of "Oriska, NY" the envelope was labeled as "Oriska NY" and shortly after "Oriskany, NY" was born. This post office legend is disproven by several eighteenth century documents that use "Oriskany," including letters from the Founding Fathers' papers and several extant maps, which antedate the founding of the local post office by decades.

USS Oriskany
Oriskany had an aircraft carrier named after an American Revolutionary War battle fought there. USS Oriskany (CV-34) served the United States Navy from 1950 to 1976. On May 17, 2006, the ship was laid to rest as an artificial reef in the Gulf of Mexico near Pensacola, Florida. Trinkaus Park, located in Oriskany, has several monuments erected in memory of USS Oriskany. Among the monuments in the park are items from the ship itself including a bell, an anchor, and a Douglas A-4 Skyhawk aircraft.

Geography
Oriskany is located at 43.15667°N, -75.33167°W (43.1575,-75.3319).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.8 sqmi, all land.

The village is near the confluence of the Mohawk River and Oriskany Creek.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,459 people, 500 households, and 379 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,758.0 PD/sqmi. There were 576 housing units at an average density of 694.0 /sqmi.

The largest recorded ethnic ancestries are: American (33.0%), Italian (12.7%), Irish (11.2%), Polish (7.8%), German (7.7%), English (6.1%) representing successive historical waves of immigration to New York. The racialised makeup of the village was 98.83% "White" including 40% of ethnic English or Anglo-American ancestry and 7.7% German ancestry, 1.6% African American, "1.1% South and East Asian, 0.07% from "other races", and 0.07% from two or more "races." Hispanic or Latino ethnicities of any racialised category were 14.3% of the population (Italian (12.7%), 1.6% Latin America).

There were 553 households, out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the village, the population is spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $38,365, and the median income for a family was $45,066. Males had a median income of $32,917 versus $22,976 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,087. About 6.6% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Oriskany, New York


text:
Oriskany Falls, New York

Oriskany Falls is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 732 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from a waterfall on a nearby stream.

The Village of Oriskany Falls is in the southeast section of the Town of Augusta and partly overlaps the Town of Marshall. The community is at the intersection of Routes 12B and 26, which share a brief concurrency within the village and south to Bouckville.

History
The community was first settled circa 1794. It was originally known as Cassety Hollow, and was incorporated as the Village of Oriskany Falls in the 1880s.

In the mid and late 1900s, Mr. George Tucker owned a large portion of the town, which he donated to the people, including a church and the local store, "Tucker's Big M." The store, however, was sold in 2004 to the "Shur-Fine" corporation, who had a gas station put in and remodeled the storefront, and then again in 2006 to brothers-in-law Badal Singh and Sukhminder Singh, natives of India.

The First Congregational Free Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Geography
Oriskany Falls is located at 42.93806°N, -75.46278°W (42.938088, -75.462893).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.5 sqmi, all land.

The village is located on Oriskany Creek and is near the border of Madison County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 698 people, 292 households, and 178 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,423.1 PD/sqmi. There were 334 housing units at an average density of 681.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.14% White, 0.57% African American, 0.29% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.

There were 292 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $24,716, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $31,029 versus $23,906 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,215. About 11.6% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.2% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Oriskany Falls, New York


text:
Paris, New York

Paris is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The town is in the southeast part of the county and is south of Utica. The population was 4,332 at the 2020 census. The town was named after an early benefactor, Colonel Isaac Paris.

History
The town was formed in 1792 from part of the town of Whitestown. In 1795, part of Paris was used to found the town of Sherburne (now in Chenango County). In 1827, the town of Kirkland, New York was separated from the town of Paris.

The St. Paul's Church and Cemetery at Paris Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Notable people

 * Asa Gray, botanist
 * Edmund Ellsworth, Western Pioneer
 * Orson S. Head, lawyer, Wisconsin State Senator
 * Joseph E. Irish, clergyman, Wisconsin State Senator
 * Gerrit P. Judd, physician, missionary to Kingdom of Hawaii
 * Arthur Cushman McGiffert, theologian
 * David Pendleton Oakerhater, Cheyenne warrior, Episcopal deacon and saint
 * Michael O'Donoghue, writer and performer
 * La Mott W. Rhodes, lawyer and New York State Assemblyman
 * Edward Tompkins, California State Senator
 * Charlemagne Tower, lawyer, soldier, and businessman
 * Albert J. Winegar, Wisconsin State Assemblyman

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.5 sqmi, of which 31.5 sqmi is land and 0.05% is water.

The eastern town line is the border of Herkimer County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,609 people, 1,714 households, and 1,273 families. The population density was 146.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,806 housing units at an average density of 57.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.31% White, 0.35% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 1,714 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,571, and the median income for a family was $50,379. Males had a median income of $35,867 versus $26,315 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,446. About 6.0% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Paris

 * Cassville – A hamlet west of Richfield Junction. It was named after Lewis Cass after it was founded in 1803.
 * Clayville – A village in the southeastern part of the town.
 * Grange Hill – An elevation located east of Paris.
 * Greens Crossing – A hamlet east of Paris Station.
 * Ludlow Corners – A location southeast of Clayville.
 * Paris – A hamlet.
 * Paris Station – A hamlet south of Paris hamlet near the western town boundary.
 * Richfield Junction – A hamlet near the southern town line on NY 8.
 * Sauquoit – This hamlet in the northern part of the town is the location of the town government. It was the second settlement made in the town.
 * Sauquoit Creek – An important stream flowing through the town.
 * Tassel Hill – Highest point in Oneida County. Located in the southern part of the town, east of NY 12 on the borders of the towns of Bridgewater, Marshall, and Sangerfield.

title: Paris, New York


text:
Prospect, New York

Prospect is a hamlet in the town of Trenton, in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 291 at the 2010 census. The hamlet is located at the junction of NY 365 and Reference Route 920V west of West Canada Creek. It was an incorporated village from 1890 to 2015.

History
The village was founded in 1803 and incorporated in 1890. Residents voted 91–7 to dissolve to village on July 21, 2015. This was primarily due to a lengthy dispute regarding worker's compensation claims from two firefighters. The village officially dissolved on December 31, 2015. It should be classified as a census-designated place by the U.S. Census Bureau within the next couple years. All government activities previously managed by the village are now handled by the Town of Trenton.

The volunteer fire department disbanded in 2014, also due to the said dispute. The volunteer ambulance still remains in service.

Geography
Prospect is located at 43.30361°N, -75.15222°W (43.303671, -75.152190).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the hamlet has a total area of 0.2 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 330 people, 123 households, and 87 families residing in what was then a village. The population density was 1,621.2 PD/sqmi. There were 138 housing units at an average density of 678.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.09% White, 0.61% African American, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.21% of the population.

There were 123 households, of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no male present, and 28.5% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.18.

Of the population, 29.4% were under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

The median annual income for a household in the village was $49,167, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $32,708 versus $28,333 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,579. About 3.4% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under 18, but none of those age 65 or over.

title: Prospect, New York


text:
Rome, New York

Rome is a city in Oneida County, New York, United States, located in the central part of the state. The population was 32,127 at the 2020 census. Rome is one of two principal cities in the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area, which lies in the "Leatherstocking Country" made famous by James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, set in frontier days before the American Revolutionary War. Rome is in New York's 22nd congressional district.

The city developed at an ancient portage site of Native Americans, including the historic Iroquois nations. This portage continued to be strategically important to Europeans, who also used the main 18th and 19th-century waterways, based on the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, that connected New York City and the Atlantic seaboard to the Great Lakes. The original European settlements developed around fortifications erected in the 1750s to defend the waterway, in particular the British Fort Stanwix (1763) built in New York.

Following the American Revolution, the settlement began to grow with the construction of the Rome Canal in 1796, to connect Wood Creek (leading from Lake Ontario) and the headwaters of the Mohawk River. In the same year the state created the Town of Rome as a section of Oneida County. For a time, the small community next to the canal was informally known as Lynchville, after the original owner of the property, the prominent wine merchant Dominick Lynch.

The New York State Legislature converted the Town of Rome into a city on February 23, 1870. The residents have called Rome the City of American History.

Oneida Carrying Place
Rome was founded along an ancient Native American portage path known as the Oneida Carrying Place, Deo-Wain-Sta, or The Great Carrying Place to the Six Nations (Iroquois), or the Haudenosaunee in their language. These names refer to a portage road or path between the Mohawk River to the east, which flows east to the Hudson River,and Wood Creek to the west, which flows into Oneida Lake and, eventually, Lake Ontario via the Oneida and Oswego Rivers. Now located within the modern Rome city limits, this short portage path was the only overland section of a water trade route stretching more than 1,000 miles between Lake Ontario and the lower Hudson. Travelers and traders coming up the Mohawk River from the Hudson had to transfer their cargo and boats and transport them overland between 1.7 and six miles (depending on the season) to continue west on Wood Creek to Oneida Lake which was drained by the Oswego River that ultimately flowed into Lake Ontario. This ancient trade route joined the Great Lakes and Canada via the Mohawk River to the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean.

During the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War, this region was the scene of much fighting. The British colonists had erected several small forts to guard the Oneida Carrying Place and the lucrative fur trade against French incursions from Canada; however, a combined French regular army, Canadian, and allied Native American force overwhelmed and massacred a British force here in the Battle of Fort Bull. Later in 1758, after several abortive attempts to fortify the area, the British sent a very large force to secure the Oneida Carry and build a stronger rampart complex, which they named Fort Stanwix.

Following defeat by the English during the war, the French ceded their territory in North America east of the Mississippi River to England. The English signed the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768) with the Iroquois, under the terms of which they promised to preserve areas west of the Appalachian Mountains as an Indian reserve and to prohibit colonial settlement. It has been described as "one of the worst treaties in the History of Anglo-Indian relationships". The treaty has also been described as "the last desperate effort of the British to create order west of the Appalachians. The British were unable to enforce their promise, as Anglo colonists continued to move west of the Appalachians, causing conflicts with native tribes. The British abandoned Ft. Stanwix after that war; it deteriorated and was eventually torn down, its parts and materials used by settlers for other structures.

Revolutionary War and Fort Stanwix
At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, American Continental forces took control of the Fort Stanwix site, rebuilding and improving the fort. The installation survived a siege by the British in the Saratoga Campaign of 1777, and it became renowned as "the fort that never surrendered". Patriot militia, regulars, and their Oneida Nation allies under the command of Col. Peter Gansevoort, successfully repelled a prolonged siege in August 1777 by British, German, Loyalist, and Canadian troops and warriors from several Native American nations, all commanded by British Gen. Barry St. Leger. The failed siege, combined with the battle at nearby Oriskany as well as the battles of Bennington, and Saratoga, thwarted a coordinated British effort to take the northern colonies. Following this success, the Americans were able to gain alliances with France and the Netherlands, as both countries were becoming more confident that the rebels had a chance to win.

After the repulsion of the British at Fort Stanwix, bloody fighting erupted along the American northern frontier and throughout the Mohawk Valley. There were heavy losses for both American settlers and the people of the Six Nations, as each side made retaliatory raids against the other in a round of violence. Because many of the Oneida were fighting with the rebels and against the four nations allied with the British, especially the Mohawk and Seneca, the Iroquois had members attacking each other, which they had avoided doing earlier in this century.

The Americans used Fort Stanwix as the primary staging point for attacks against British loyalist units and their Haudenosaunee allies. The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 was launched from here as a scorched earth campaign against villages of Iroquois nations that were allied with the British. Commander George Washington ordered the campaign in retaliation for the fierce frontier attacks in New York, such as the Cherry Valley Massacre by Loyalist irregulars led by Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant and John Butler. The Sullivan campaign destroyed nearly 50 Iroquois villages and their food stores, leading to starvation of many people of these nations during the following winter. Many Iroquois went to Upper Canada for refuge but struggled with starvation there, too.

The American forces abandoned the fort in 1781. After the war, as the area became settled, pioneers took materials to use in constructing their own homes and barns. They built the Rome Canal along Wood Creek, to connect it to the Mohawk River and enable continuous passage by water from Lake Ontario via the Mohawk and Hudson rivers to New York City.

After completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, development of Rome increased. The city became an industrial and trade center in the western Mohawk Valley. The fort site was reduced to a mound of dirt, with bushes and grasses growing over it. During the Great Depression in the early 20th century, Congress passed the Fort Stanwix Act of 1935 to establish the fort as a National Monument because of the site's historic importance. The site was administered by the National Park Service (NPS).

In 1973, the NPS began reconstruction of Fort Stanwix, based on historical evidence related to 18th-century construction and occupation. It was completed in 1976. The fort is operated by the National Park Service as a museum.

On July 2, 2005, the Marinus Willet Center opened on the grounds of the monument. It provides audio-visual programs to orient visitors, as well as secure storage space for the museum's collection of artifacts and related historic materials.

Commercial growth: Erie Canal
The critical east/west American trade route through the frontier was improved by construction of the Erie Canal. On July 4, 1817, construction on the canal began in Rome. The Erie Canal reaches a summit in Rome, attaining an elevation of 420 feet. The first phase was completed in 1825, connecting the Hudson River by waterway to the Great Lakes. It resulted in an increase in trade and traffic between communities around the Great Lakes and New York City, stimulating development all along the route.

Copper City
In 1851, Jesse Williams founded the first cheese factory in the United States at Rome. Williams also developed the process used today for large-scale cheese manufacturing. During the later 19th century, there were numerous dairy farms in the area and throughout the Mohawk Valley. Many shipped their milk and cheese to customers in New York City.

The City of Rome was incorporated in 1870.

Revere Copper Products, Inc., founded in Rome during 1928 and 1929, is one of the oldest manufacturing companies in the United States. It developed from a series of mergers between several companies, including Revere Copper Company located in Canton, Massachusetts. The first president of Revere Copper Products, Inc, George H. Allen, was formerly the president of Michigan Copper and Brass Company, which was one of the companies included in the merger. The early history of Revere Copper Products, Inc is detailed in the book Copper Heritage: The Story of Revere Copper and Brass, Inc. by Isaac F. Marcosson. At one time, 10 percent of all copper products used in the United States were manufactured in Rome.

Cold War to present day
Griffiss Air Force Base in Rome was open from 1942 to 1995, when it closed as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process. It remains home to Rome Laboratory, which is now part of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and to the Eastern Air Defense Sector. Some of the land that formerly made up the land has been redeveloped: Rome Free Academy, the city's public high school, moved onto former base land in 2002. Its airstrip is now part of Griffiss Airport.

Woodstock 1999 was held in Rome, at the former Griffiss AFB site. The three-day rock festival was held over the weekend of July 23–25, and drew a crowd of about 200,000 people. Cable network MTV covered the concert extensively, and live coverage of the entire weekend was available on pay-per-view. The festival featured acts including Metallica, Kid Rock, DMX, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine, Korn, Limp Bizkit, Alanis Morissette and Wyclef Jean; early reviews for many of the acts were positive. Critics particularly praised performances by George Clinton, Jamiroquai, James Brown, Sheryl Crow, and Rage Against the Machine. However, the festival ended in a riot, with bonfires being lit in the crowd, brawls with police, and looting.

On July 16, 2024, a high-end EF2 tornado struck Rome, causing widespread power outages and property damage. The tornado touched down just north of the Erie Canal, passed through the center of Rome, and lifted up on the far side of Griffiss Air Force Base. A decommissioned B-52 on display near the airport was moved several feet off its platform. Among other heavily damaged structures, two churches lost their bell towers and roofs, and two large brick buildings collapsed. States of emergency were declared by city, county, and state government.

Geography
Rome is the second-largest city by area in New York State, and the 140th largest city in the United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 75.7 sqmi, of which 74.9 sqmi is land and 0.8 sqmi (0.99%) is water.

New York State Route 26, New York State Route 46, New York State Route 49 and New York State Route 69 converge in downtown Rome and are part of two separate triplexes. New York State Route 233 becomes part of a duplex with NY 69 south of the inner district before meeting its northern terminus at the Utica-Rome Expressway (NY 49). New York State Route 365 passes through the eastern portion of the outer district before becoming part of the Utica-Rome Expressway at an interchange.

Historic places
The following are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

 * First Methodist Episcopal Church of Rome
 * Fort Stanwix
 * Gansevoort-Bellamy Historic District
 * Jervis Public Library
 * Mills House
 * Rome Arsenal
 * Rome Elks Lodge No. 96
 * Zion Church

Climate
Rome has a humid continental climate (or warm-summer climate: Köppen Dfb) with four distinct seasons, characterized by cold winters and temperate summers. Summer high temperatures range from 70–82 F. The city is in USDA plant hardiness zone 5b, and native vegetation can tolerate temperatures from -10 to -15 F. Rome averages over 120 in of snowfall each winter, mostly due to its proximity to Lake Ontario and the lake-effect snow that it produces.

Demographics
The city had its peak of population in 1960, with declines caused by restructuring of industry and loss of jobs. Later in the 20th century, the closure of the Air Force base also drew away jobs and residents. The city has worked to develop a new economy. Elements of the base have been redeveloped for new uses, while high-quality research continues.

As of the census of 2000, there were 34,950 people, 13,653 households, and 8,328 families residing in the city. The population density was 466.4 PD/sqmi. There were 16,272 housing units at an average density of 217.2 /sqmi. The quoted racial makeup of the city was 87.85% white, 7.58% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.88% Asian American, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.35% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.72% of the population. Like other cities in the region, Rome has numerous Italian-Americans, who maintain a concentration in the Little Italy in the vicinity of East Dominick Street.

There were 13,653 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,643, and the median income for a family was $42,928. Males had a median income of $31,635 versus $23,899 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,604. About 12.0% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Rome is headquarters to AmeriCU Credit Union, which serves members in Central and Northern New York.

Rome Memorial Hospital is another major local employer. Rome Hospital opened in 1884. In 1940 it combined with the 1920-founded Murphy Memorial Hospital. The resultant Rome Memorial Hospital is licensed for 129 beds.

Sports
One of Rome's most popular venues is the John F. Kennedy Civic Arena. The facility hosts multiple ice hockey and figure skating events, as well as roller derby bouts. The arena was constructed in 1963–1964. It was fully renovated in 2008.

Between 1964 and 1988, the Rome Knights and later the Copper City Chiefs played their home games on Saturday evenings at the Kennedy Arena. The Chiefs were a semi-professional ice hockey club that competed against Senior and Intermediate level teams from the province of Ontario, Canada; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Newark, New Jersey; New England, and cities from the State of New York. The Chiefs were known for a physical and aggressive style of ice hockey, the team roster being built around team toughness. In its 25 years, the Chiefs never had a losing season.

The professional sports franchise, the Rome Frenzy of the Federal Hockey League, made Rome its base and began play in November 2010 at the Kennedy Civic Arena. In February 2011, citing poor attendance, the Frenzy suspended operations and cancelled the last three weeks of the season in Rome.

Rome is also the headquarters of Hamilton College Men's and Women's Rowing. Their boathouse, completed in 2022, is located in Bellamy Harbor Park off the Erie Canal.

Government
The city government consists of a mayor and a common council. The mayor is elected at large. The common council consists of seven members elected from single member districts.

Education
Most of Rome is located in the Rome City School District. Other parts are in the Oriskany Central School District, Sherrill City School District, and Westmoreland Central School District. The first district operates Rome Free Academy.

Rome Catholic School - since 2013 a PK-6 school - was previously a High School. In 2006 it piloted an early Cyber Security course for students in collaboration with the Air Force and Syracuse University which was subsequently rolled out to other New York State High Schools.

New York State School for the Deaf is in Rome.

Transportation
Rome's primary road connection is the Utica-Rome Expressway, a freeway section of New York State Route 49. The expressway runs 14 miles from Rome to Utica where it meets I-90, I-790, NY 5, NY 12, and NY 8 in a massive cloverleaf interchange.

Rome's Amtrak station is served by Amtrak's Empire Service, with two daily trains in each direction between Niagara Falls and New York City. The daily Maple Leaf serves locations between Toronto and New York.

Griffiss Air Force Base closed in 1995 and was converted into Griffiss International Airport. It has general aviation as well as military use. No scheduled commercial service uses the airport.

CENTRO buses run six routes in Rome, two of which serve the Amtrak station.

title: Rome, New York


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Synth-pop

Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop; also called techno-pop ) is a music genre that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a distinct genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late 1970s.

Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, and the mid-1970s saw the rise of electronic art musicians. After the breakthrough of Gary Numan in the UK Singles Chart in 1979, large numbers of artists began to enjoy success with a synthesizer-based sound in the early 1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestra introduced the TR-808 rhythm machine to popular music, and the band would be a major influence on early British synth-pop acts. The development of inexpensive polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI and the use of dance beats, led to a more commercial and accessible sound for synth-pop. This, its adoption by the style-conscious acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV, led to success for large numbers of British synth-pop acts in the US during the Second British Invasion.

The term "techno-pop" was coined by Yuzuru Agi in his critique of Kraftwerk's The Man-Machine in 1978 and is considered a case of multiple discovery of naming. Hence, the term can be used interchangeably with "synth-pop", but is more frequently used to describe the scene of Japan. The term "techno-pop" became also popular in Europe, where it started: German band Kraftwerk's 1986 album was titled Techno Pop; English band the Buggles has a song named "Technopop" and Spanish band Mecano described their style as tecno-pop.

"Synth-pop" is sometimes used interchangeably with "electropop", but "electropop" may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places more emphasis on a harder, more electronic sound. In the mid to late 1980s, duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was highly successful on the US dance charts, but by the end of the decade, the synth-pop of bands such as A-ha and Alphaville was giving way to house music and techno. Interest in synth-pop began to revive in the indietronica and electroclash movements in the late 1990s, and in the 2000s synth-pop enjoyed a widespread revival and commercial success.

The genre has received criticism for alleged lack of emotion and musicianship; prominent artists have spoken out against detractors who believed that synthesizers themselves composed and played the songs. Synth-pop music has established a place for the synthesizer as a major element of pop and rock music, directly influencing subsequent genres (including house music and Detroit techno) and has indirectly influenced many other genres, as well as individual recordings.

Characteristics
Synth-pop is defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but "characterised by a broad set of values that eschewed rock playing styles, rhythms and structures", which were replaced by "synthetic textures" and "robotic rigidity", often defined by the limitations of the new technology, including monophonic synthesizers (only able to play one note at a time).

Many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were "typically woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic 'progression' to speak of". Early synth-pop has been described as "eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing", using droning electronics with little change in inflection. Common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow.

In its second phase in the 1980s, the introduction of dance beats and more conventional rock instrumentation made the music warmer and catchier and contained within the conventions of three-minute pop. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras and horns. Thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally more optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism and aspiration. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its "emotional, at times operatic singers" such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for large groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation.

Although synth-pop in part arose from punk rock, it abandoned punk's emphasis on authenticity and often pursued a deliberate artificiality, drawing on the critically derided forms such as disco and glam rock. It owed relatively little to the foundations of early popular music in jazz, folk music or the blues, and instead of looking to America, in its early stages, it consciously focused on European and particularly Eastern European influences, which were reflected in band names like Spandau Ballet and songs like Ultravox's "Vienna". Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style more influenced by other genres, such as soul music.

Precursors
Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, around the same time as rock music began to emerge as a distinct musical genre. The Mellotron, an electro-mechanical, polyphonic sample-playback keyboard was overtaken by the Moog synthesizer, created by Robert Moog in 1964, which produced completely electronically generated sounds. The portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes. Instrumental prog rock was particularly significant in continental Europe, allowing bands like Kraftwerk, Tangerine Dream, Can and Faust to circumvent the language barrier. Their synthesizer-heavy "Kraut rock", along with the work of Brian Eno (for a time the keyboard player with Roxy Music), would be a major influence on subsequent synth rock.

In 1971, the British film A Clockwork Orange was released with a synth soundtrack by American Wendy Carlos. It was the first time many in the United Kingdom had heard electronic music. Philip Oakey of the Human League and Richard H. Kirk of Cabaret Voltaire, as well as music journalist Simon Reynolds, have cited the soundtrack as an inspiration. Electronic music made occasional moves into the mainstream, with jazz musician Stan Free, under the pseudonym Hot Butter, having a top 10 hit in the United States and United Kingdom in 1972, with a cover of the 1969 Gershon Kingsley song "Popcorn" using a Moog synthesizer, which is recognised as a forerunner to synth-pop and disco.

The mid-1970s saw the rise of electronic art musicians such as Jean Michel Jarre, Vangelis, and Tomita. Tomita's album Electric Samurai: Switched on Rock (1972) featured electronic renditions of contemporary rock and pop songs, while utilizing speech synthesis and analog music sequencers. In 1975, Kraftwerk played their first British show and inspired concert attendees Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys – who would later found Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) – to 'throw away their guitars' and become a synth act. Kraftwerk had its first hit UK record later in the year with "Autobahn", which reached number 11 in the British Singles Chart and number 12 in Canada. The group was described by the BBC Four program Synth Britannia as the key to synth-pop's future rise there. In 1977, Giorgio Moroder released the electronic Eurodisco song "I Feel Love" that he had produced for Donna Summer, and its programmed beats would be a major influence on the later synth-pop sound. David Bowie's Berlin Trilogy, comprising the albums Low (1977), "Heroes" (1977), and Lodger (1979), all featuring Brian Eno, would also be highly influential.

The Cat Stevens album Izitso, released in April 1977, updated his pop rock style with the extensive use of synthesizers, giving it a more synth-pop style; "Was Dog a Doughnut" in particular was an early techno-pop fusion track, which made early use of a music sequencer. Izitso reached No. 7 on the Billboard 200 chart, while the song "(Remember the Days of the) Old Schoolyard" was a top 40 hit. That same month, the Beach Boys released their album Love You, performed almost entirely by bandleader Brian Wilson with Moog and ARP synthesizers, and with arrangements somewhat inspired by Wendy Carlos's Switched-On Bach (1968). Although it was highly praised by some critics and musicians (including Patti Smith and Lester Bangs ), the album met with poor commercial reception. The album has been considered revolutionary in its use of synthesizers, while others described Wilson's extensive use of the Moog synthesizer as a "loopy funhouse ambience" and an early example of synth-pop.

Origins: New wave and post-punk (1977–1980)
Early guitar-based punk rock that came to prominence in the period 1976–77 was initially hostile to the "inauthentic" sound of the synthesizer, but many new wave and post-punk bands that emerged from the movement began to adopt it as a major part of their sound. British punk and new wave clubs were open to what was then considered an "alternative" sound. The do it yourself attitude of punk broke down the progressive rock era's norm of needing years of experience before getting up on stage to play synthesizers. The American duo Suicide, who arose from the post-punk scene in New York, utilised drum machines and synthesizers in a hybrid between electronics and post-punk on their eponymous 1977 album. Around this time, Ultravox member Warren Cann purchased a Roland TR-77 drum machine, which was first featured in their October 1977 single release "Hiroshima Mon Amour".

Be-Bop Deluxe released Drastic Plastic in February 1978, leading off with the single "Electrical Language" with Bill Nelson on guitar synthesizer and Andy Clark on synthesizers. Japanese band Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO) with their self-titled album (1978) and Solid State Survivor (1979), developed a "fun-loving and breezy" sound, with a strong emphasis on melody. They introduced the TR-808 rhythm machine to popular music, and the band would be a major influence on early British synth-pop acts.

1978 also saw the release of UK band the Human League's debut single "Being Boiled" and The Normal's "Warm Leatherette", which both are regarded as seminal works in early synth-pop. Sheffield band Cabaret Voltaire are also regarded as pioneers of the late 1970's that influenced the emerging synth-pop in Britain. In America, post-punk band Devo began moving towards a more electronic sound. At this point synth-pop gained some critical attention, but made little impact on the commercial charts.

British punk-influenced band Tubeway Army, intended their debut album to be guitar driven. In late 1978, Gary Numan, a member of the group, found a minimoog left behind in the studio by another band, and started experimenting with it. This led to a change in the album's sound to electronic new wave. Numan later described his work on this album as a guitarist playing keyboards, who turned "punk songs into electronic songs". A single from the second Tubeway Army album Replicas, "Are Friends Electric?", topped the UK charts in the summer of 1979. The discovery that synthesizers could be employed in a different manner from that used in progressive rock or disco, prompted Numan to go solo. On his futuristic album The Pleasure Principle (1979), he played only synths, but retained a bass guitarist and a drummer for the rhythm section. A single from the album, "Cars" topped the charts.

Numan's main influence at the time was the John Foxx-led new wave band Ultravox who released the album Systems of Romance in 1978. Foxx left Ultravox the following year and scored a synth-pop hit with the single "Underpass" from his first solo album Metamatic in early 1980.

In 1979, OMD released their debut single "Electricity", which has been viewed as integral to the rise of synth-pop. This was followed by a series of landmark releases within the genre, including the 1980 hit singles "Messages" and "Enola Gay". OMD became one of the most influential acts of the period, introducing the "synth duo" format to British music. Vince Clarke, who co-founded the popular synth-pop groups Depeche Mode, Erasure, Yazoo and the Assembly, has cited OMD as his inspiration to become an electronic musician. Bandleaders Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys have been described in the media as "the Lennon–McCartney of synth-pop".

Giorgio Moroder collaborated with the band Sparks on their album No. 1 In Heaven (1979). That same year in Japan, the synth-pop band P-Model made its debut with the album In a Model Room. Other Japanese synth-pop groups emerging around the same time included the Plastics and Hikashu. This zeitgeist of revolution in electronic music performance and recording/production was encapsulated by then would-be record producer Trevor Horn of the Buggles in the single "Video Killed the Radio Star"; the song topped the UK charts in October 1979 and it also became an international hit; two years later it was the first song aired on MTV. Geoff Downes, keyboardist for the Buggles, states, "When we did a rerecorded version for Top of the Pops, the Musicians’ Union bloke said, "If I think you’re making strings sounds out of a synthesizer, I’m going to have you. Video Killed the Radio Star is putting musicians out of business."

1980 also saw the release of where "Video Killed the Radio Star" came from, the Buggles' debut album The Age of Plastic, which some writers have labeled as the first landmark of another electropop era, as well as what for many is the defining album of Devo's career, the overtly synth-pop Freedom of Choice.

Commercial success (1981–1985)
The emergence of synth-pop has been described as "perhaps the single most significant event in melodic music since Mersey-beat". By the 1980s synthesizers had become much cheaper and easier to use. After the definition of MIDI in 1982 and the development of digital audio, the creation of purely electronic sounds and their manipulation became much simpler. Synthesizers came to dominate the pop music of the early 1980s, particularly through their adoption by bands of the New Romantic movement. Despite synth-pop's origins in the late 1970s among new wave bands like Tubeway Army and Devo, British journalists and music critics largely abandoned the term "new wave" in the early 1980s. This was in part due to the rise of new artists unafilliated with the preceding punk/new wave era, as well as aesthetic changes associated with synth-pop's movement into the pop mainstream. According to authors Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy, "After the monochrome blacks and greys of punk/new wave, synthpop was promoted by a youth media interested in people who wanted to be pop stars, such as Boy George and Adam Ant".

The New Romantic scene had developed in the London nightclubs Billy's and the Blitz and was associated with bands such as Duran Duran, Visage, and Spandau Ballet. They adopted an elaborate visual style that combined elements of glam rock, science fiction and romanticism. Spandau Ballet were the first band of the movement to have a hit single as the synth-driven "To Cut a Long Story Short" reached number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in December 1980. Visage's "Fade to Grey", characteristic of synth-pop and a major influence on the genre, reached the top ten a few weeks later. Duran Duran have been credited with incorporating dance beats into synth-pop to produce a catchier and warmer sound, which provided them with a series of hit singles, beginning with their debut single "Planet Earth" and the UK top five hit "Girls on Film" in 1981. They would soon be followed into the British charts by a large number of bands utilising synthesizers to create catchy three-minute pop songs. In summer 1981 Depeche Mode had their first chart success with "New Life", followed by the UK top ten hit "Just Can't Get Enough". A new line-up for the Human League along with a new producer and a more commercial sound led to the album Dare (1981), which produced a series of hit singles. These included "Don't You Want Me", which reached number one in the UK at the end of 1981.

Synth-pop reached its commercial peak in the UK in the winter of 1981–2, with bands such as OMD, Japan, Ultravox, Soft Cell, Depeche Mode, Yazoo and even Kraftwerk, enjoying top ten hits. The Human League's and Soft Cell's UK number one singles "Don't You Want Me" and "Tainted Love" became the best selling singles in the UK in 1981. In early 1982 synthesizers were so dominant that the Musicians' Union attempted to limit their use. By the end of 1982, these acts had been joined in the charts by synth-based singles from Thomas Dolby, Blancmange, and Tears for Fears. Bands such as Simple Minds also adopted synth-pop into their music on their 1982 album New Gold Dream (81–82–83–84). ABC and Heaven 17 had commercial success mixing synth-pop with influences from funk and soul music.

Dutch entertainer Taco, who has a background in musical theatre, released his own synth-driven re-imagining of Irving Berlin's "Puttin' On the Ritz"; resulting in a subsequent long-play, After Eight, a concept album that takes music of 1930s sensibilities as informed by the soundscape of 1980s technology. The proliferation of acts led to an anti-synth backlash, with groups including Spandau Ballet, Human League, Soft Cell and ABC incorporating more conventional influences and instruments into their sounds.

In the US (unlike the UK), where synth-pop is sometimes considered a "subgenre" of "new wave" and was described as "technopop" or "electropop" by the press at the time, the genre became popular due to the cable music channel MTV, which reached the media capitals of New York City and Los Angeles in 1982. It made heavy use of style-conscious New Romantic synth-pop acts, with "I Ran (So Far Away)" (1982) by A Flock of Seagulls generally considered the first hit by a British act to enter the Billboard top ten as a result of exposure through video. The switch to a "new music" format in US radio stations was also significant in the success of British bands. Reaching No. 2 in the UK in March 1983 and No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 six months later, Rolling Stone called Eurythmics' single "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" "a synth-pop masterpiece". Bananarama's 1983 synth-pop song "Cruel Summer" became an instant UK hit before having similar success in the US the following year. The success of synth-pop and other British acts would be seen as a Second British Invasion. In his early 1980s columns for The Village Voice, music critic Robert Christgau frequently referred to British synth-pop as "Anglodisco", suggesting a parallel to the contemporary genres of Eurodisco and Italo disco, both highly popular outside the US. Indeed, synth-pop was taken up across the world alongside the continuing presence of disco, with international hits for German synth-pop as well as Eurodisco acts including Peter Schilling, Sandra, Modern Talking, Propaganda, and Alphaville. Other non-British groups scoring synth-pop hits were Men Without Hats and Trans-X from Canada, Telex from Belgium, Yello from Switzerland, and Azul y Negro from Spain. The synth-pop scene of Yugoslavia spawned a large number of acts, a number of them enjoying huge mainstream popularity in the country, like Beograd, Laki Pingvini, Denis & Denis, and Videosex.

In the mid-1980s, key artists included solo performer Howard Jones, who S.T. Erlewine has stated to have "merged the technology-intensive sound of new wave with the cheery optimism of hippies and late-'60s pop", (although with notable exceptions including the lyrics of "What Is Love?" – "Does anybody love anybody anyway?") and Nik Kershaw, whose "well-crafted synth-pop" incorporated guitars and other more traditional pop influences that particularly appealed to a teen audience. Pursuing a more dance-orientated sound were Bronski Beat whose album The Age of Consent (1984), dealing with issues of homophobia and alienation, reached the top 20 in the UK and top 40 in the US. and Thompson Twins, whose popularity peaked in 1984 with the album Into the Gap, which reached No.1 in the UK and the US top ten and spawned several top ten singles. In 1984, Frankie Goes to Hollywood released their debut album Welcome to the Pleasuredome (produced by Trevor Horn of the Buggles), with their first three singles, "Relax", "Two Tribes" and "The Power of Love", topping the UK chart. The music journalist Paul Lester reflected, "no band has dominated a 12-month period like Frankie ruled 1984". In January 1985, Tears for Fears' single "Shout", written by Roland Orzabal in his "front room on just a small synthesizer and a drum machine", became their fourth top 5 UK hit; it would later top the charts in multiple countries including the US. Initially dismissed in the music press as a "teeny bop sensation" were Norwegian band a-ha, whose use of guitars and real drums produced an accessible form of synth-pop, which, along with an MTV friendly video, took their 1985 single "Take On Me" to number two in the UK and number one in the US.

Declining popularity (1986–2000)
Synth-pop continued into the late 1980s, with a format that moved closer to dance music, including the work of acts such as British duos Pet Shop Boys, Erasure and the Communards. The Communards' major hits were covers of disco classics "Don't Leave Me This Way" (1986) and "Never Can Say Goodbye" (1987). After adding other elements to their sound, and with the help of a gay audience, several synth-pop acts had success on the US dance charts. Among these were American acts Information Society (who had two top 10 singles in 1988), Anything Box, and Red Flag. British band When in Rome scored a hit with their debut single "The Promise". Several German synth-pop acts of the late 1980s included Camouflage and Celebrate the Nun. Canadian duo Kon Kan had major success with their debut single, "I Beg Your Pardon" in 1989.

An American backlash against European synth-pop has been seen as beginning in the mid-1980s with the rise of heartland rock and roots rock. In the UK the arrival of indie rock bands, particularly the Smiths, has been seen as marking the end of synth-driven pop and the beginning of the guitar-based music that would dominate rock into the 1990s. By 1991, in the United States synth-pop was losing its commercial viability as alternative radio stations were responding to the popularity of grunge. Exceptions that continued to pursue forms of synth-pop or rock in the 1990s were Savage Garden, the Rentals and the Moog Cookbook. Electronic music was also explored from the early 1990s by indietronica bands like Stereolab, EMF, the Utah Saints, and Disco Inferno, who mixed a variety of indie and synthesizer sounds.

21st-century revival (2000s–present)
Indietronica began to take off in the new millennium as the new digital technology developed, with acts such as Broadcast from the UK, Justice from France, Lali Puna from Germany, and Ratatat and the Postal Service from the US, mixing a variety of indie sounds with electronic music, largely produced on small independent labels. Similarly, the electroclash subgenre began in New York at the end of the 1990s, combining synth-pop, techno, punk and performance art. It was pioneered by I-F with their track "Space Invaders Are Smoking Grass" (1998), and pursued by artists including Felix da Housecat, Peaches, Chicks on Speed, and Fischerspooner. It gained international attention at the beginning of the new millennium and spread to scenes in London and Berlin, but rapidly faded as a recognizable genre as acts began to experiment with a variety of forms of music.

In the new millennium, renewed interest in electronic music and nostalgia for the 1980s led to the beginnings of a synth-pop revival, with acts including Adult and Fischerspooner. Between 2003 and 2004, it began to move into the mainstream with Ladytron, the Postal Service, Cut Copy, the Bravery and the Killers all producing records that incorporated vintage synthesizer sounds and styles that contrasted with the dominant genres of post-grunge and nu metal. In particular, the Killers enjoyed considerable airplay and exposure and their debut album Hot Fuss (2004) reached the top ten of the Billboard 200. The Killers, the Bravery and the Stills all left their synth-pop sound behind after their debut albums and began to explore classic 1970s rock, but the style was picked up by a large number of performers, particularly female solo artists. Following the breakthrough success of Lady Gaga with her single "Just Dance" (2008), the British and other media proclaimed a new era of female synth-pop stars, citing artists such as Little Boots, La Roux, and Ladyhawke. Male acts that emerged in the same period include Calvin Harris, Empire of the Sun, Frankmusik, Hurts, Ou Est Le Swimming Pool, Kaskade, LMFAO, and Owl City, whose single "Fireflies" (2009) topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 2009, an underground subgenre with direct stylistic origins to synth-pop became popular, chillwave. Other 2010s synth-pop acts include the Naked and Famous, Chvrches, M83, and Shiny Toy Guns.

American singer Kesha has also been described as an electropop artist, with her electropop debut single "Tik Tok" topping the Billboard Hot 100 for nine weeks in 2010. She also used the genre on her comeback single "Die Young". Mainstream female recording artists who have dabbled in the genre in the 2010s include Madonna,  Taylor Swift,   Katy Perry,   Jessie J, Christina Aguilera,  and Beyoncé.

In Japan, girl group Perfume, along with producer Yasutaka Nakata of Capsule, produced technopop music combining 1980s synth-pop with chiptunes and electro house from 2003. Their breakthrough came in 2008 with the album Game, which led to a renewed interest in technopop within mainstream Japanese pop music. Other Japanese female technopop artists soon followed, including Aira Mitsuki, immi, Mizca, SAWA, Saori Rinne and Sweet Vacation. Model-singer Kyary Pamyu Pamyu also shared the same success as Perfume's under Nakata's production with the album Pamyu Pamyu Revolution in 2012, which topped electronic charts on iTunes as well as the Japanese Albums chart. Much like Japan, Korean pop music has also become dominated by synth-pop, particularly with girl groups such as f(x), Girls' Generation and Wonder Girls.

In 2020, the genre experienced a resurgence in popularity as 1980s-style synth-pop and synthwave songs from singers such as the Weeknd who gained success on international music charts. "Blinding Lights", a synthwave song by the Weeknd, peaked at number one in 29 countries, including the United States, in early 2020; and later became the Billboard number-one greatest song of all time in November 2021. This wave of revival not only popularized established acts but also enabled new artists like Dua Lipa, whose retro-influenced album Future Nostalgia won multiple awards and was hailed for its energetic embrace of vintage pop sounds. Meanwhile, indie artists such as M83 continued to explore the boundaries of the genre, blending it with shoegaze and ambient music to create a complex, layered sound in their album Digital Shades Vol. 2. The genre's adaptability and nostalgic appeal have contributed to its enduring presence and continued evolution in the music industry.

Criticism and controversy
Synth-pop has received considerable criticism and even prompted hostility among musicians and in the press. It has been described as "anaemic" and "soulless". Synth-pop's early steps, and Gary Numan in particular, were also disparaged in the British music press of the late 1970s and early 1980s for their German influences and characterised by journalist Mick Farren as the "Adolf Hitler Memorial Space Patrol". In 1983, Morrissey of the Smiths stated that "there was nothing more repellent than the synthesizer". During the decade, objections were raised to the quality of compositions and what was called the limited musicianship of artists. Gary Numan observed "hostility" and what he felt was "ignorance" regarding synth-pop, such as his belief that people "thought machines did it".

OMD frontman Andy McCluskey recalled a great many people "who thought that the equipment wrote the song for you", and asserted: "Believe me, if there was a button on a synth or a drum machine that said 'hit single', I would have pressed it as often as anybody else would have – but there isn't. It was all written by real human beings".

According to Simon Reynolds, in some quarters synthesizers were seen as instruments for "effete poseurs", in contrast to the phallic guitar. The association of synth-pop with an alternative sexuality was reinforced by the images projected by synth-pop stars, who were seen as gender bending, including Phil Oakey's asymmetric hair and use of eyeliner, Marc Almond's "pervy" leather jacket, skirt wearing by figures including Martin Gore of Depeche Mode and the early "dominatrix" image of the Eurythmics' Annie Lennox. In the U.S. this led to British synth-pop artists being characterised as "English haircut bands" or "art fag" music, though many British synth-pop artists were highly popular on both American radio and MTV. Although some audiences were overtly hostile to synth-pop, it achieved an appeal among those alienated from the dominant heterosexuality of mainstream rock culture, particularly among gay, female and introverted audiences.

Influence and legacy
By the mid-1980s, synth-pop had helped establish the synthesizer as a primary instrument in mainstream pop music. It also influenced the sound of many mainstream rock acts, such as Bruce Springsteen, ZZ Top and Van Halen. It was a major influence on house music, which grew out of the post-disco dance club culture of the early 1980s as some DJs attempted to make the less pop-oriented music that also incorporated influences from Latin soul, dub, rap music, and jazz.

American musicians such as Juan Atkins, using names including Model 500, Infinity and as part of Cybotron, developed a style of electronic dance music influenced by synth-pop and funk that led to the emergence of Detroit techno in the mid-1980s. The continued influence of 1980s synth-pop could be seen in various incarnations of 1990s dance music, including trance. Hip hop artists such as Mobb Deep have sampled 1980s synth-pop songs. Popular artists such as Rihanna, UK stars Jay Sean and Taio Cruz, as well as British pop star Lily Allen on her second album, have also embraced the genre.

title: Synth-pop


text:
Sangerfield, New York

Sangerfield is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 2,561 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Jedediah Sanger, an early settler.

The Town of Sangerfield is on the county's southern border.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.0 sqmi, of which 30.8 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (0.52%) is water.

The southern and western town lines are the border of Madison County. U.S. Route 20 crosses the town. The Sangerfield River is an important stream flowing southward through the town.

History
The town was first settled c. 1792.

In 1788, the State of New York bought from the Oneida Indians twenty towns that bordered the Unadilla River. This land became known as "Clinton's Purchase". In 1789, the state surveyed "Township No. 20" in this tract for
 * Michael Myers of Herkimer,
 * Jedediah Sanger of New Hartford, and
 * John I. Morgan.

This region then went through several name changes in its early years:

Basically, Sangerfield was formed from the Town of Paris in 1795, before the creation of Oneida County.

The population of Sangerfield in 1920 was 1,795.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,610 people, 944 households, and 684 families residing in the town. The population density was 84.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,010 housing units at an average density of 32.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.31% White, 0.38% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.04% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 944 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,264, and the median income for a family was $44,871. Males had a median income of $31,144 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,068. About 5.9% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Sangerfield

 * Chittning Pond – A small lake near the eastern town line, located just east of the local State Lands.
 * Conger Corners – A location between the Sangerfield hamlet and Pleasant Valley on Route 20.
 * Five Corners – A hamlet southeast of the Sangerfield hamlet.
 * Nine-Mile Swamp (Skanawis) – A swamp on the east branch of the Chenango River (Sangerfield River) that is partly in the southwestern part of the town. Famous for lodging the Loomis Gang.
 * Pleasant Valley – A hamlet west of the Sangerfield hamlet on US Route 20.
 * Sangerfield – The hamlet of Sangerfield is south of Waterville and on US Route 20. The Sangerfield area is located on a geological divide, with streams to the north draining into the Oriskany Creek and eventually the Mohawk River (Tenonatche), streams to the south draining into the Chenango River and eventually the Susquehanna. Location of the town government.
 * Stockwell – A hamlet in the southern part of the town.
 * Tassel Hill – Highest point in Oneida County. Located in the northeastern part of the town, east of Route 12 on the borders of Bridgewater, Marshall, and Paris townships.
 * Waterville – Part of the Village of Waterville is within the northern town line, north of Sangerfield village on Route 12.
 * Whiskey Hollow – A small stretch of road on Route 315 approximately .5 miles inside Waterville.

Historic Places
Pleasant Valley Grange Hall is located on the National Register of Historic Places

title: Sangerfield, New York


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Sherrill, New York

Sherrill is a city in Oneida County, New York, United States. With a population of 3,077 (2020 census), it is the state's least populous city. Sherrill is at the western end of the Town of Vernon on Route 5. Sherrill is referred to as The Silver City.

History
Sherrill was founded in 1916 through a special act of the state legislature and is named in honor of Congressman James S. Sherman's infant son Sherrill Babcock Sherman. It is unique among cities in New York, because its city charter provides that, for many purposes, it is to be treated as if it were still a village located within the town of Vernon. While other cities in New York are not subject to a town's jurisdiction, the Vernon town government continues to have jurisdiction over the territory of the city. On September 10, 1969 Police Chief Thomas P. Reilly and Patrolman Robert A. Mumford were shot on Route 5 and Sherrill Road when questioning a man about a $500 holdup of a gas station in Canastota, NY. Martin J. Fitzpatrick killed Patrolman Mumford that day and Chief Reilly died 3 days later. In 1997, the Oneida tribe purchased land within the city, eventually initiating a dispute about whether they had to pay taxes.

Geography
Sherrill is located at 43.07081°N, -75.59912°W, adjacent to the border of Madison County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 sqmi, all land.

New York State Route 5 passes through the north side of the city.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,147 people, 1,262 households, and 879 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,554.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,309 housing units at an average density of 646.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.00% (3,084) White, 0.22% (6) African American, 0.60% (18) Native American, 0.60% (18) Asian, 0.03% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% (26) of the population.

There were 1,262 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,919, and the median income for a family was $60,573. Males had a median income of $41,179 versus $26,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,311. About 0.8% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

With less than 3,000 estimated in 2019, Sherrill is the smallest city in New York.

Education
Vernon-Verona-Sherrill Central School District operates area schools. E.A. McAllister Elementary School is in Sherrill. The area secondary schools are Vernon-Verona-Sherrill Middle School and Vernon-Verona-Sherrill High School.

Notable people

 * Matt Patricia (born 1974), American football coach, former Detroit Lions head coach
 * Philip Markoff (born 1986), alleged murderer, nicknamed the "Craigslist killer."
 * Adam Kemp (born 1990), professional basketball player

Notable objects

 * Flatware. See Sherrill Manufacturing

title: Sherrill, New York


text:
Steuben, New York

Steuben is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,110 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Baron von Steuben, a Prussian general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War.

The Town of Steuben is approximately 18 mi northwest of Utica.

History
The town is part of the land grant made to von Steuben after the American Revolution. He maintained his summer residence in a log cabin in the town. His remains are buried in a state historic site east of Steuben village.

Steuben was formed from part of the Town of Whitestown in 1792. In 1796, part of Steuben was used to form the newer Town of Floyd and Town of Rome. Steuben was reduced again in 1797 to form the Town of Western.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 42.7 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,172 people, 429 households, and 332 families residing in the town. The population density was 27.4 PD/sqmi. There were 460 housing units at an average density of 10.8 per square mile (4.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.55% White, 0.51% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.

There were 429 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 16.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,136, and the median income for a family was $44,583. Males had a median income of $29,625 versus $21,635 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,385. About 8.4% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations

 * Boody Hill – An elevation located northwest of Steuben.
 * Bowen Hill – An elevation located north of Fink Hollow.
 * East Steuben – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Fink Hollow – A hamlet north of Steuben.
 * Maple Mountain – An elevation located northwest of Steuben.
 * Merrick Corner – A hamlet south of Steuben.
 * Oakes Hill – An elevation located northwest of Steuben.
 * Penn Mountain – An elevation located west of East Stueben.
 * Sixty Corners – A location northeast of Steuben, near the Steuben historic site.
 * Steuben – The hamlet of Steuben, formerly "Steuben Corners" is on NY 274.
 * Steuben Memorial State Historic Site – A historic site near the eastern town line.
 * Steuben Valley – A hamlet at the southern town line and southeast of Steuben.

title: Steuben, New York


text:
Sylvan Beach, New York

Sylvan Beach is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States; in the southeastern end of the Town of Vienna. It is twenty-two miles west of Rome. At the 2010 census, the population of Sylvan Beach was 897.

History
Before European exploration began, the area was used by Native Americans, mostly for its supply of fish. Many of the areas surrounding Oneida Lake have actually been bearers of artifacts that have helped us learn more about Native Americans. The Oneidas and the Onondagas, of the Iroquois Confederacy chose to settle in the Oneida Lake region.

The community was founded around 1840. Public transportation, in the form of railroads and ferries, made the village a desirable resort community since the 19th century. The Village of Sylvan Beach was incorporated in 1971.

The Sylvan Beach Union Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Geography
Sylvan Beach is located at 43.20444°N, -75.72639°W (43.204358, -75.726428).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.8 sqmi, of which 0.7 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (3.95%) is water.

Sylvan Beach is on the eastern shore of Oneida Lake and is adjacent to the Erie Canal, which made the village a convenient shipping port for all of the lake in the 1820s.

Demographics
As of the census of 2018, there were 896 people, 495 households, and 284 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,458.4 PD/sqmi. There were 847 housing units at an average density of 1,153.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.76% White, 0.75% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.

There were 495 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males. In the city's population, 49.5% are males and 50.5% are females.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,978, and the median income for a family was $35,250. Males had a median income of $30,250 versus $18,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,876. About 13.2% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.1% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

The total amount of housing is 946. Of those, 34.4% of those homes are used for recreational, seasonal, or occasional use (which is 325 homes). 46.6% of houses in the beach are vacant, which adds up to 441 homes. 2.7% of homes are for rent and 2.0% are for sale totaling 45 homes.

Recreation

The village is home to a mile long beach, bandstand, a wide variety of restaurants and shops, casino, hotel-style villas for rent, amusement park, camping facilities and marinas, Situated on the eastern shore of Oneida Lake, the village attracts many boaters and fishing enthusiasts. The summer is best time for visitors with many different events going on and many places to eat. In the summer, every Tuesday "Bikes at the Beach", Wednesday night summer concert series, Thursday night Classic Cars at the Beach and Pirates Weekend, Canal Fest, Jeeps at the Beach, Corvettes at the Beach to name a few.

title: Sylvan Beach, New York


text:
Trenton, New York

Trenton (called Ose-te-a-da-que, "in the bone" by the Haudenosaunee ) is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 4,297 at the 2020 census.

History
The first settlement was developed in 1793 by Gerrit Boon in Barneveldt, as an agent of the Holland Land Company. Boon went back to Holland after a few years. His successor was Adam Gerard Mappa, a Dutch typesetter. At the end of his life, Mappa's friend Francis Adrian Vanderkemp moved to Barneveld.

The town was formed in 1797 from the Town of Schuyler (in Herkimer County, New York). The name may have been selected because some local soldiers fought at the Battle of Trenton. The town includes areas from the Holland and Servis Patents.

The Wethersfield Stone Schoolhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 43.7 sqmi, of which 43.4 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi (0.78%) is water.

The West Canada Creek forms the eastern town line, the border of Herkimer County.

The town lent its name to the "Trenton Group", a limestone bed that extends to Minnesota.

The Wethersfield Stone Schoolhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,670 people, 1,776 households, and 1,287 families residing in the town. The population density was 107.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,932 housing units at an average density of 44.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.07% White, 0.39% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.34% of the population.

There were 1,776 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,559, and the median income for a family was $56,377. Males had a median income of $32,523 versus $28,516 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,139. About 2.6% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Trenton

 * Barneveld – The hamlet of Barneveld is in the east-central part of the town, west of Trenton Falls.
 * Barneveld Station – A location south of Barneveld on New York State Route 12 (NY 12).
 * Fox Hill – An elevation located north-northeast of Barneveld.
 * Hinckley – A hamlet located on NY 365 near the Hinckley Reservoir on the north bank of West Canada Creek.
 * Holland Patent – The Village of Holland Patent is in the southwestern part of the town on NY 365.
 * Mapledale – A location south of Barneveld.
 * Prospect – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town.
 * South Trenton – Located off NY 12 near the southern town border with Deerfield.
 * Steuben Valley – A hamlet at the western town line.
 * Trenton Falls – A waterfall and hamlet at the eastern town line on West Canada Creek.
 * Trenton Falls Station – A location west of Trenton Falls.

Notable people

 * John Waldo Douglas (1818–1883) - Presbyterian minister born in Trenton
 * Hal Schumacher, (1910–1993), was a professional baseball player for New York Giants.
 * Daniel H. Wells (1814–1891) - frontier politician, religious leader born in Trenton

title: Trenton, New York