text:
Logan County, Arkansas

Logan County (formerly Sarber County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,131. Its two county seats are Booneville and Paris.

History
The Arkansas General Assembly defined the state's 64th county on March 22, 1871, incorporating parts of Scott, Yell, and Pope counties (later adding part of Franklin County). They named it Sarber County for John Newton Sarber (1837–1905), an attorney and Republican state senator from Yell County. He had introduced the resolution to organize the county. Born and reared in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he had moved with his widowed father and family to Kansas in 1855. Sarber became influential in the Arkansas legislature, introducing bills to establish a public school system for the first time, and what developed as the University of Arkansas. In 1873, Sarber was appointed U.S. marshal of the U.S. Western District Court at Fort Smith.

Conservative white Democrats viewed Sarber as a carpetbagger because he was a Union Army veteran who had decided to settle in Arkansas. There he had married Susan Rebecca Rose in 1867. She was the daughter of Moreau Rose, an early pioneer and a Confederate supporter, and his wife. The Sarber couple had six children together; five survived to adulthood.

After white Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1875, they renamed Sarber County for James Logan (1792-1859), a Kentucky-born early settler in the area who had served in the territorial legislature, from Crawford County, and the first state legislature, from Scott County (part of the latter was absorbed into Logan County).

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 732 sqmi, of which 708 sqmi are land and 23 sqmi (3.2%) are water. The highest natural point in Arkansas, Magazine Mountain at 2,753 ft, is located in Logan County.

Major highways

 * [[Image:Arkansas 10.svg|20px]] Highway 10
 * [[Image:Arkansas 22.svg|20px]] Highway 22
 * [[Image:Arkansas 23.svg|20px]] Highway 23
 * [[Image:Arkansas 60.svg|20px]] Highway 60
 * [[Image:Arkansas 309.svg|25px]] Highway 309

Adjacent counties

 * Johnson County (north)
 * Pope County (northeast)
 * Yell County (southeast)
 * Scott County (south)
 * Sebastian County (west)
 * Franklin County (northwest)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 21,131 people, 8,417 households, and 5,839 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 22,486 people, 8,693 households, and 6,302 families residing in the county. The population density was 32 /sqmi. There were 9,942 housing units at an average density of 14 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 96.46% White, 1.05% Black or African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. 1.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,693 households, out of which 32.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.70% were married couples living together, 10.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were non-families. 24.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.90% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 16.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 98.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,344, and the median income for a family was $33,732. Males had a median income of $24,472 versus $18,681 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,527. About 11.40% of families and 15.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.20% of those under age 18 and 19.60% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Over the past few election cycles, Logan County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democrat (as of 2020) to carry this county was Bill Clinton in 1996.

Cities

 * Booneville (county seat)
 * Magazine
 * Paris (county seat)
 * Ratcliff
 * Scranton

Towns

 * Blue Mountain
 * Caulksville
 * Morrison Bluff
 * Subiaco

Census-designated place

 * New Blaine

Unincorporated communities

 * Carolan
 * Prairie View

Townships

 * Barber
 * Blue Mountain (Blue Mountain)
 * Boone (Booneville)
 * Cane Creek
 * Cauthron
 * Clark (Subiaco)
 * Delaware
 * Driggs
 * Ellsworth
 * Johnson
 * Logan
 * Mountain
 * Petit Jean
 * Reveilee (Magazine)
 * River (Morrison Bluff, Scranton)
 * Roseville
 * Shoal Creek (CDP New Blaine)
 * Short Mountain (Paris)
 * Six Mile (Caulksville, Ratcliff)
 * Sugar Creek
 * Tomlinson
 * Washburn

Notable residents

 * Katharine Anthony, American biographer
 * James Bridges, born in Paris, Arkansas, screenwriter and film director
 * Dizzy Dean, born in Lucas, Arkansas, major league baseball player
 * Paul Dean, born in Lucas, Arkansas, brother of Dizzy Dean and major league baseball player
 * Jon Eubanks, Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from Paris, Arkansas; a farmer and Certified Public Accountant
 * General John P. McConnell, Chief of Staff, USAF
 * Robert Johnson, lived in Lucas, Arkansas, at the time of the 1920 census. Renowned Bluesman.

title: Logan County, Arkansas


text:
Little River County, Arkansas

Little River County is a county located on the southwest border of the U.S. state of Arkansas, bordering a corner with Texas and Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,026. The county seat is Ashdown.

Little River County is included in the Texarkana, TX-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Little River County is Arkansas's 59th county, formed from Sevier County on March 5, 1867, during the Reconstruction era and named for the Little River. The county is separated from all other surrounding counties in the state by water (a characteristic shared only with neighboring Miller County). The Little River, Millwood Lake and the Red River form the boundaries of the county within the state.

Around 1895 the Arkansas and Choctaw Railway was built between Arkinda and Ashdown. The line was extended from Arkinda into Oklahoma, and from Ashdown to Hope, Arkansas, in the 1902-1903 timeframe. That line is now operated by the Kiamichi Railroad.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 565 sqmi, of which 532 sqmi is land and 33 sqmi (5.8%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in Arkansas by land area and fourth-smallest by total area.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-49 (Future).svg|20px]] Future Interstate 49
 * [[Image:US 59.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 59
 * [[Image:US 71.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 71
 * [[Image:Arkansas 32.svg|20px]] Highway 32
 * [[Image:Arkansas 41.svg|20px]] Highway 41
 * [[Image:Arkansas 108.svg|25px]] Highway 108

Adjacent counties

 * Sevier County (north)
 * Howard County (northeast)
 * Hempstead County (east)
 * Miller County (southeast)
 * Bowie County, Texas (south)
 * McCurtain County, Oklahoma (west)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,026 people, 5,363 households, and 3,523 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 13,628 people, 5,465 households, and 3,912 families residing in the county. The population density was 26 /mi2. There were 6,435 housing units at an average density of 12 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 74.52% White, 21.27% Black or African American, 1.45% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.86% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races. 1.72% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,465 households, out of which 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.60% were married couples living together, 12.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.40% were non-families. 26.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.20% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 25.70% from 25 to 44, 25.60% from 45 to 64, and 15.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,417, and the median income for a family was $36,207. Males had a median income of $32,489 versus $18,435 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,899. About 11.90% of families and 15.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.80% of those under age 18 and 17.80% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Ashdown (county seat)
 * Foreman
 * Winthrop

Towns

 * Ogden
 * Wilton

Census-designated places

 * Alleene
 * Yarborough Landing

Other unincorporated places

 * Comet
 * Richmond
 * Rocky Comfort
 * Cerro Gordo

Townships

 * Arden
 * Arkinda
 * Burke
 * Caney
 * Cleveland (Wilton)
 * Franklin (Yarborough Landing)
 * Jackson (Foreman)
 * Jeff Davis
 * Jefferson (Ashdown)
 * Jewell
 * Johnson (Ogden)
 * Lick Creek
 * Little River (Winthrop)
 * Red River
 * Richland
 * Wallace

Notable people

 * Marion H. Crank, Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives, 1963–1964; Democratic gubernatorial nominee, 1968; resided in Foreman, interred there at Holy Cross Cemetery
 * Jeff Davis, Democratic United States Senator from Arkansas and the 20th Governor of the U.S. state of Arkansas

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Little River County, Arkansas


text:
Lincoln County, Arkansas

Lincoln County is located between the Arkansas Timberlands and Arkansas Delta in the U.S. state of Arkansas. It is also within the Pine Bluff metro area, and on the outer edge of the Central Arkansas region. The county is named for President Abraham Lincoln. Created as Arkansas's 65th county on March 28, 1871, Lincoln County has three incorporated cities, including Star City, the county seat and most populous city. The county contains 46 unincorporated communities and ghost towns, Cane Creek State Park at the confluence of Cane Creek and Bayou Bartholomew, and nine listings on the National Register of Historic Places to preserve the history and culture of the county.

Lincoln County occupies 572.17 sqmi and contained a population of 12,941 as of the 2020 Census. The rural economy is largely based on agriculture. The state has built two prisons here that also provide some local jobs. Poverty and unemployment rates are above national averages, but steady. Household incomes are below state and national averages.

Lincoln County is served by two school districts, Star City School District and Dumas Public Schools. Higher education and healthcare are available in Pine Bluff to the north or Monticello to the south. Although no Interstate highways serve Lincoln County, the county has access to two United States highways (U.S. Route 65 [US 65], US 425) and eight Arkansas state highways. Lincoln County is also served by one public owned/public use general aviation airport, Star City Municipal Airport, and six community water systems provide potable water to customers in the county.

History
The county was established in 1871 during the Reconstruction era by the Arkansas General Assembly from parts of Arkansas, Bradley, Desha, Drew, and Jefferson counties. It was named for President Abraham Lincoln. The Republican Party was chosen by most freedmen after they got the franchise, as it was the one that secured their emancipation after the Civil War. Some white Union sympathizers, including veterans who decided to stay in the South, also voted for Republican candidates, and some were elected to state offices in former Confederate states.

County government was first permanently established in Star City. The county had a second county seat at Varner from 1885 to 1912.

Geography

Lincoln County's geography is defined by two physiographic regions of Arkansas: the Arkansas Timberlands and the Arkansas Delta (in Arkansas, usually referred to as "the Delta"). These two regions are separated by Bayou Bartholomew, the world's longest bayou, which approximately splits the county into eastern and western halves with significant differences in geography. In the east, the Arkansas Delta is a subregion of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, which is a flat area consisting of rich, fertile sediment deposits from the Mississippi River between Louisiana and Illinois. The western half is part of the Arkansas Timberlands, a portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain characterized by flat pine and cypress forests and silviculture rather than row agriculture. The county is the eighth-smallest in Arkansas, with a total area of 572.17 sqmi, of which 561.20 sqmi is land and 10.97 sqmi (1.9%) is water.

The county is located approximately 68 mi southeast of Little Rock, 170 mi southwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and 200 mi northwest of Jackson, Mississippi. Lincoln County is surrounded by two Delta counties to the east, Arkansas County and Desha County, and a Timberlands county to the west, Cleveland County. Jefferson County to the north and Drew County are border counties similar to Lincoln County, with Bayou Bartholomew delineating a similarly split geography.

Protected areas
Lincoln County contains two protected areas. Cane Creek State Park is a 2,053 acre state park located on the border between the West Gulf Coastal Plain and Arkansas Delta, with a 1,675 acre lake at the center. Fishing, canoeing, and kayaking are available on the lake in addition to pavilions, trails, and a visitor center with gift shop on land. The park offers 29 RV/tent camping sites with water and electric hookups, and is owned and operated by the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism.

Huff's Island Public Use Area is located on the Arkansas River in northeastern Lincoln County. Managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the park does not have a boat ramp or camping, but offers day use, river bank access from March–September, and four picnic sites.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,941 people, 3,773 households, and 2,711 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 14,492 people, 4,265 households, and 3,130 families residing in the county. The population density was 26 PD/sqmi. There were 4,955 housing units at an average density of 9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 64.88% White, 32.92% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.99% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. 1.81% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,265 households, out of which 34.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.30% were married couples living together, 14.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.60% were non-families. 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.20% under the age of 18, 12.40% from 18 to 24, 33.20% from 25 to 44, 20.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 154.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,607, and the median income for a family was $35,408. Males had a median income of $28,890 versus $19,990 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,479. About 15.50% of families and 19.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.60% of those under age 18 and 17.90% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The Arkansas Department of Correction, which operates the Cummins Unit and the Varner Unit in Lincoln County, is one of the county's major employers.

Education
Educational attainment in Lincoln County is typical for a rural Arkansas county, with a 2012 study finding 78.4% of Lincoln County residents over age 25 held a high school degree or higher and 8.9% holding a bachelor's degree or higher. The Lincoln County rates are below Arkansas averages of 84.8% and 21.1%, and significantly below national averages of 86.7% and 29.8%, respectively.

Primary and secondary education
One public school district is based in Lincoln County; the Star City School District, which serves the western two-thirds of the county. The remainder of the county is served by the Dumas Public School District, based in Dumas. Successful completion of the curriculum of these schools leads to graduation from Star City High School or Dumas New Tech High School, respectively. Both high schools offer Advanced Placement (AP) courses and are accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE). Dumas Public Schools is also accredited by AdvancED.

The school districts at Gould and Grady were merged into Dumas and Star City for the 2004–05 school year pursuant to the Public Education Reorganization Act passed by the Arkansas Legislature.

Higher education
Lincoln County does not contain any institutions of higher education. The three nearest institutions in the region are University of Arkansas at Monticello to the south and Southeast Arkansas College (SEARK) and University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff in Pine Bluff to the north, all public four-year colleges.

Library system
The Star City Branch Library in downtown Star City is a member library of the Southeast Arkansas Regional Library system. The location offers books, e-books, media, reference, youth, business and genealogy services.

Public health
Lincoln County's above-average poverty rate suggests a high Medicaid eligibility rate. As of 2012, 25.6% of Lincoln County was eligible for Medicaid, with 62.8% of children under 19 eligible for ARKids First, a program by the Arkansas Department of Human Services that combines children's Medicaid (ARKids A) and other programs for families with higher incomes (ARKids B). These values are more in line with statewide averages than typical values for rural Arkansas counties.

The county's population is significantly above healthy weight, with 69.8% of adults and 43.5% of children/adolescents ranking as overweight or obese, above the state averages of 67.1% and 39.3%, themselves significantly above national averages of 62.9% and 30.3%, respectively.

The Jefferson Regional Medical Center in Pine Bluff is a community hospital offering acute inpatient care, emergency care, cardiology, home health, inpatient hospice, neurology, surgery, and the UAMS South Central Family Residency Program. The facility is rated as a Level 4 Trauma Center by the Arkansas Department of Health. Baptist Health Medical Center and CHI St. Vincent Infirmary are referral hospitals in Little Rock. The nearest Level 1 Trauma Centers are Arkansas Children's Hospital (ACH, or "Children's") and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), both in Little Rock.

Public safety
The Lincoln County Sheriff's Office is the primary law enforcement agency in the county. The agency is led by the Lincoln County Sheriff, an official elected by countywide vote every four years.

The county is under the jurisdiction of the Lincoln County District Court, a state district court. State district courts in Arkansas are courts of original jurisdiction for criminal, civil (up to $25,000), small claims, and traffic matters. State district courts are presided over by a full-time District Judge elected to a four-year term by a districtwide election. The district is subdivided into the Star City (city), Star City (county), Gould, and Grady departments. All departments of Lincoln County District Court are located at 300 South Drew, and are presided over by one District Judge, who is elected in a countywide election. Superseding district court jurisdiction is the 11th West Judicial Circuit Court, which covers Jefferson and Lincoln counties. The 11th West Circuit contains six circuit judges, elected to six-year terms circuitwide.

State prisons

The Arkansas Department of Correction operates two prisons in unincorporated areas in the county. The Varner Unit is located in Varner, and the Cummins Unit is near Varner.

Government
The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Arkansas and the Arkansas Code. The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are called justices of the peace and are elected from county districts every even-numbered year. The number of districts in a county vary from nine to fifteen, and district boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. The Lincoln County Quorum Court has nine members. Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief operating officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions.

Politics
Lincoln County historically followed the Solid South voting trend of strong support for Democrats. However, following the election of Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, the county has turned increasingly Republican, including in state and local races. Politically, the white-majority Lincoln County has transitioned from reliably Democratic in presidential elections to steadily Republican since the election of Barack Obama.

In Congress, Arkansas has been represented by two Republican senators (John Boozman and Tom Cotton) since January 3, 2015, ending a long history of Democratic hegemony. In the House of Representatives, Lincoln County is within Arkansas's 1st congressinoal district with many other agricultural Delta counties on the eastern side of the state. The district has been represented by Republican Rick Crawford since 2010.

In the Arkansas State Senate, Lincoln County is split essentially in half between north and south. The northern half is within District 25, which also includes most of Jefferson and Phillips counties and a small portion of Desha County. The district has been represented by Stephanie Flowers, a Democratic lawyer from Pine Bluff, since January 2013. The southern half of Lincoln County is within District 26, which reaches to the southeastern corner of the state. District 26 has been represented by Eddie Cheatham, a Democratic retired educator from Crossett, since January 2013.

In the Arkansas House of Representatives, Lincoln County is split among three districts. The western third of Lincoln County is within District 10, which includes parts of four nearby counties. District 10 has been represented by Mike Holcomb since January 2013. Holcomb was initially elected as a Democrat, but switched to the Republican party in August 2015. The eastern third of the county is within District 12, which extends across Arkansas and Desha counties to include all of Phillips County. District 12 has been represented by Chris Richey, a Democratic pastor from Helena-West Helena, since January 2013. A small portion in northern Lincoln County, including Grady and Varner, is within District 16. The district contains the eastern half of Jefferson County, including the southeastern half of Pine Bluff, and has been represented by Ken Ferguson, a Democrat, since January 2015. District 13 has been represented by David Hillman since 2013.

Taxation
Property tax is assessed by the Lincoln County Assessor annually based upon the fair market value of the property and determining which tax rate, commonly called a millage in Arkansas, will apply. The rate depends upon the property's location with respect to city limits, school district, and special tax increment financing (TIF) districts. This tax is collected by the Lincoln County Collector between the first business day of March of each year through October 15 without penalty. The Lincoln County Treasurer disburses tax revenues to various government agencies, such as cities, county road departments, fire departments, libraries, and police departments in accordance with the budget set by the quorum court.

Cities

 * Gould
 * Grady
 * Star City (county seat)

Lincoln County has 46 unincorporated communities and ghost towns within its borders. This is due to early settlers in Arkansas tending to settle in small clusters rather than incorporated towns. For example, communities like Varner had a post office and dozens of buildings at some point in their history. Other communities are simply a few dwellings at a crossroads that have adopted a common place name over time. Some are officially listed as populated places by the United States Geological Survey, and others are listed as historic settlements.

Unincorporated communities

 * Avery
 * Branchville
 * Cades
 * Calhoun
 * Cornerville
 * Crigler
 * Cummins Unit
 * Douglas
 * Feenyville
 * Flynn
 * Fresno
 * Garnett
 * Garrett Bridge
 * Glendale
 * Gourd
 * Little Garnett
 * Maroney
 * Mills
 * Nebo
 * Palmyra
 * Phenix
 * Relfs Bluff
 * Rose Hill
 * Sarassa
 * Shannon Tank
 * Tarry
 * Tyro
 * Varner
 * Warrenton
 * Whitefield
 * Woodville
 * Yorktown

Historical communities

 * Champion
 * Four Groves
 * Kimbrough
 * Oakdale
 * Quawpaw Village
 * Rest
 * Silt
 * South Bend
 * Todd
 * Villa Vale
 * Youngstown

Townships

 * Auburn
 * Bartholomew
 * Cane Creek (contains Star City)
 * Choctaw (contains Grady)
 * Gould (contains Gould)
 * Kimbrough
 * Lone Pine
 * Mill Creek
 * Owen
 * Smith
 * Spring
 * Wells Bayou

Source:

Aviation
Lincoln County contains one public owned/public use general aviation airport, Star City Municipal Airport. For the twelve-month period ending February 28, 2014, the facility saw 5,400 general aviation operations. The nearest commercial service airport is Clinton National Airport in Little Rock.

Major highways
The most heavily traveled highway in Lincoln County is U.S. Highway 65, with 7,700 vehicles per day estimated in Gould in 2016. The route connects travelers to Pine Bluff (and Little Rock via Interstate 530 [I-530]) to the north, and Mississippi and Louisiana to the south. U.S. Highway 425 crosses the county from south to north, passing through Star City. Highway 530 was opened to traffic in 2013 as two lanes of a future four-lane controlled access facility between Pine Bluff and the future Interstate 69 in Monticello. Currently, the route serves as direct access to Pine Bluff and points north for Star City travelers, in less distance than US 65.

Eleven state highways serve the traveling public in the county, varying from short connector routes to long highways traversing the entire county. Highway 11 is an important highway in the county, running from US 63 just over the Cleveland County line northeast through Star City and Grady to Huff's Island park on the Arkansas River. Highway 54 crosses the county from east to west on a winding, indirect route between Dumas and Pine Bluff. Highway 114 and Highway 212 serves as east–west routes across the county. Highway 83, Highway 199, and Highway 293 are rural routes in the south, north and southeast parts of Lincoln County, respectively. Highway 388 runs from US 65 toward Cummins and Varner units. Highway 980 connects Star City Municipal Airport to Highway 114. Two unsigned state highways Highway 600 and Highway 831, serve as institutional roads for Cane Creek State Park and the state prisons, respectively.

Water
The Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) is responsible for the regulation and oversight of public water systems throughout the state. Six community water systems are based in Lincoln County: Yorktown Water Association, Arkansas Department of Corrections - Cummins Unit, Star City Water, Gould Municipal Water/Sewer, Grady Waterworks, and the Garrett Bridge Water Association. All of these utilities use the Sparta Sand Aquifer for source water. Small, rural parts of the county are served by the Highway 63 Water Association and the Ladd Water Association.

Yorktown Water Association has the largest retail population, with 8,169 total retail population, mostly within Lincoln County. ADC Cummins Unit has a retail population of 3,800, followed by Star City with 2,842, Gould with 1,041, and all others under 1,000 retail population served.

Wastewater
The Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) regulates and oversees wastewater treatment and discharge permits in the state. Lincoln County contains three municipal wastewater systems, and one active domestic NPDES permit for Cummins Unit.

title: Lincoln County, Arkansas


text:
Lee County, Arkansas

Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. With its eastern border formed by the Mississippi River, it is considered to be part of the Arkansas Delta. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,600. The county seat is Marianna.

The county was established by the state legislature on April 17, 1873, during the Reconstruction era. It was named for General Robert E. Lee, who served as General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States during the American Civil War.

History
The area of the Delta was developed largely for cotton as a commodity crop before the Civil War, based on the labor of enslaved African Americans. It continued as an important crop into the 20th century, when it was worked by African-American sharecroppers and tenant farmers. In the post-Reconstruction era, whites struggled to re-establish white supremacy, by violence and intimidation of black Republican Party voters in this area and throughout the South. At the turn of the century, the state legislature passed measures that effectively disenfranchised most blacks for decades. The Equal Justice Initiative reported in 2015 that the county had 15 lynchings of African Americans from 1877 to 1950, most in the decades near the turn of the 20th century. This was the third-highest of any county in the state. To escape the violence and oppression, thousands of African Americans left the state in the Great Migration to northern and western cities, especially after 1940. Mechanization of farming and industrial-scale agriculture have decreased the need for workers. The rural county has continued to lose population because of the lack of work opportunities. There has been a decrease in population every decade since 1940.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 620 sqmi, of which 603 sqmi is land and 17 sqmi (2.7%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 79.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 79
 * [[Image:Arkansas 1.svg|20px]] Highway 1
 * [[Image:Arkansas 78.svg|20px]] Highway 78
 * [[Image:Arkansas 121.svg|25px]] Highway 121
 * [[Image:Arkansas 131.svg|25px]] Highway 131
 * [[Image:Arkansas 261.svg|25px]] Highway 261

Adjacent counties

 * St. Francis County (north)
 * Crittenden County (northeast)
 * Tunica County, Mississippi (east)
 * Phillips County (south)
 * Monroe County (west)

National protected area

 * St. Francis National Forest (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 8,600 people, 3,206 households, and 1,994 families residing in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 10,424 people living in the county. 55.3% were Black or African American, 42.0% White, 0.5% Native American, 1.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 0.4% Asian, 0.7% of some other race and 1.2% of two or more races.

2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 12,580 people, 4,182 households, and 2,960 families living in the county. The population density was 21 /mi2. There were 4,768 housing units at an average density of 8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 57.24% Black or African American, 41.41% White, 2.19% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.27% Asian, 0.16% Native American, 0.52% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races.

There were 4,182 households, out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.20% were married couples living together, 23.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.20% were non-families. 27.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.00% under the age of 18, 10.20% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 111.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $20,510, and the median income for a family was $25,846. Males had a median income of $26,900 versus $19,505 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,983. About 24.70% of families and 29.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.80% of those under age 18 and 27.60% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The East Arkansas Regional Unit of the Arkansas Department of Correction is in Lee County.

The Lee County Courthouse in located in the town of Marianna, which is the county seat.

Since World War II, Lee County has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in all but two elections: 1948, when it voted for third-party Strom Thurmond rather than for Harry Truman, and in 1972, when formerly Democratic voters crossed party lines and voted for Republican Richard Nixon. The former comes with the caveat that Black people could not vote in the South in 1948, and the latter was the last year that white conservatives dominated county politics. Following passage and enforcement of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, newly registered African Americans began to support Democratic Party candidates. They have largely maintained this affiliation. Most whites have shifted into the Republican Party since the 1970s. Despite being a Democrat stronghold, in 2020 Donald Trump became the first Republican since 1972 (and only the second overall) to come within 5% of winning the county.

Towns

 * Marianna (county seat)
 * Aubrey
 * Haynes
 * LaGrange
 * Moro
 * Rondo

Unincorporated communities

 * Kokomo, Arkansas
 * Brickeys, Arkansas
 * Midway, Arkansas
 * Monroe, Arkansas

Townships

 * Big Creek
 * Council
 * Fleener
 * Hampton (Moro)
 * Hardy
 * Independence (Marianna)
 * Oak Forest
 * Richland (LaGrange, Rondo)
 * St. Francis
 * Spring Creek (Aubrey)
 * Texas
 * Union (Haynes)

title: Lee County, Arkansas


text:
Lawrence County, Arkansas

Lawrence County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,216. The county seat is Walnut Ridge. Lawrence County is Arkansas's second county, formed on January 15, 1815, and named for Captain James Lawrence who fought in the War of 1812. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

History
Following the Louisiana Purchase, the area currently encompassing Lawrence County was contained within the Louisiana Territory from 1805 to 1812, and the Missouri Territory from 1812 until the creation of Arkansas Territory in 1819. While the southern portion of Missouri Territory began to be settled, Lawrence County was created on January 15, 1815, from New Madrid County and Arkansas County. The large area spanned from Cape Girardeau County to the Arkansas River.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 592 sqmi, of which 588 sqmi is land and 4.7 sqmi (0.8%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Randolph County (north)
 * Greene County (east)
 * Craighead County (southeast)
 * Jackson County (south)
 * Independence County (southwest)
 * Sharp County (west)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,216 people, 6,463 households, and 4,466 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 17,774 people, 7,108 households, and 5,011 families residing in the county. The population density was 30 /mi2. There were 8,085 housing units at an average density of 14 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.78% White, 0.44% Black or African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. 0.68% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 7,108 households, out of which 30.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% were married couples living together, 9.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.50% were non-families. 26.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.00% under the age of 18, 9.60% from 18 to 24, 25.90% from 25 to 44, 23.20% from 45 to 64, and 17.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,139, and the median income for a family was $32,163. Males had a median income of $26,288 versus $18,518 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,785. About 13.90% of families and 18.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.50% of those under age 18 and 20.10% of those age 65 or over.

Townships

 * Annieville
 * Ashland (Minturn)
 * Black River (Powhatan)
 * Black Rock (most of Black Rock)
 * Boas (Hoxie, part of Walnut Ridge)
 * Cache
 * Campbell (College City, most of Walnut Ridge)
 * Dent (Imboden)
 * Duty (Portia, small part of Black Rock)
 * Eaton
 * Flat Creek
 * Jesup
 * Lawrence
 * Marion (Alicia)
 * Morgan (Lynn)
 * Promised Land (Sedgwick)
 * Reeds Creek (Strawberry)
 * Richwoods (small part of Walnut Ridge)
 * Spring River (small part of Ravenden)
 * Strawberry (Smithville)
 * Thacker (most of Ravenden)

Education
Public education is available from four school districts:
 * Hillcrest School District
 * Hoxie School District
 * Lawrence County School District
 * Sloan–Hendrix School District

Cities

 * Black Rock
 * Hoxie
 * Walnut Ridge (county seat)

Towns

 * Alicia
 * College City (former)
 * Imboden
 * Jesup
 * Lynn
 * Minturn
 * Portia
 * Powhatan
 * Ravenden
 * Sedgwick
 * Smithville
 * Strawberry

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 63B.svg|25px]] U.S. Route 63B
 * [[Image:US 67B.svg|25px]] U.S. Route 67B
 * [[Image:US 67Y.svg|25px]] U.S. Route 67Y
 * [[Image:US 412.svg|25px]] U.S. Route 412
 * [[Image:Arkansas 25.svg|22px]] Highway 25
 * [[Image:Arkansas 34.svg|22px]] Highway 34
 * [[Image:Arkansas 90.svg|22px]] Highway 90
 * [[Image:Arkansas 91.svg|22px]] Highway 91
 * [[Image:Arkansas 115.svg|24px]] Highway 115
 * [[Image:Arkansas 117.svg|24px]] Highway 117
 * [[Image:Arkansas 117S.svg|24px]] Highway 117 Spur
 * [[Image:Arkansas 228.svg|24px]] Highway 228
 * [[Image:Arkansas 230.svg|24px]] Highway 230
 * [[Image:Arkansas 361.svg|24px]] Highway 361
 * [[Image:Arkansas 117S.svg|24px]] Highway 117 Spur
 * [[Image:Arkansas 228.svg|24px]] Highway 228
 * [[Image:Arkansas 230.svg|24px]] Highway 230
 * [[Image:Arkansas 361.svg|24px]] Highway 361

title: Lawrence County, Arkansas


text:
Lafayette County, Arkansas

Lafayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,308, making it the third-least populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Lewisville. Lafayette County was formed on October 15, 1827, and named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, a French military hero of the American Revolutionary War. It is a dry county; therefore, the sale of alcohol is prohibited.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 545 sqmi, of which 528 sqmi is land and 17 sqmi (3.1%) is water. It is the smallest county in Arkansas by area.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 82.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 82
 * [[Image:Arkansas 29.svg|20px]] Highway 29
 * [[Image:Arkansas 53.svg|20px]] Highway 53
 * [[Image:Arkansas 160.svg|25px]] Highway 160

Adjacent counties

 * Hempstead County (north)
 * Nevada County (northeast)
 * Columbia County (east)
 * Webster Parish, Louisiana (southeast)
 * Bossier Parish, Louisiana (south)
 * Caddo Parish, Louisiana (southwest)
 * Miller County (west)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,308 people, 2,784 households, and 1,801 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 8,559 people, 3,434 households, and 2,376 families residing in the county. The population density was 16 /sqmi. There were 4,560 housing units at an average density of 9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 62.08% White, 36.49% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. 1.03% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,434 households, out of which 27.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.60% were married couples living together, 14.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.80% were non-families. 28.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 24.40% from 25 to 44, 24.40% from 45 to 64, and 17.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $24,831, and the median income for a family was $30,720. Males had a median income of $26,492 versus $17,000 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,128. About 18.70% of families and 23.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.50% of those under age 18 and 19.30% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Prior to 2000, Lafayette County was considered an "ancestral" Democratic county among white conservatives. Exceptions were the 1972 and 1984 landslides of Republicans Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan, respectively.

Former Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas, considered a son of the South, won this county twice in his presidential runs: 1992 and 1996. Clinton's vice president, Al Gore of Tennessee, another son of the South, won the county in 2000, the most recent Democrat to do so. Most of the minority of African-American voters have been affiliated since the 1960s with the national Democratic Party, even as conservative whites here shifted to the Republican Party.

Towns

 * Bradley
 * Buckner
 * Lewisville (county seat)
 * Stamps

Townships

 * Baker (most of Stamps)
 * French
 * Hadley (Buckner, small part of Stamps)
 * La Grange (small part of Lewisville)
 * Mars Hill
 * Roane (Bradley)
 * Russell
 * Steel (most of Lewisville)
 * Walker Creek

Source:

Education
There are two school districts in the county: Lafayette County School District and the Emerson-Taylor-Bradley School District. Previously the Bradley School District was the second district; it merged into Emerson-Taylor-Bradley in 2013.

title: Lafayette County, Arkansas


text:
Johnson County, Arkansas

Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,749. The county seat is Clarksville. Johnson County is Arkansas's 30th county, formed on November 16, 1833, from a portion of Pope County and named for Benjamin Johnson, a Territorial Judge. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 683 sqmi, of which 660 sqmi is land and 23 sqmi (3.4%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-40 (AR).svg|25px]] Interstate 40
 * [[Image:US 64.svg|25px]] U.S. Route 64
 * [[Image:Arkansas 21.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 21
 * [[Image:Arkansas 103.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 103
 * [[Image:Arkansas 109.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 109
 * [[Image:Arkansas 123.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 123

Adjacent counties

 * Newton County (north)
 * Pope County (east)
 * Logan County (south)
 * Franklin County (west)
 * Madison County (northwest)

National protected area

 * Ozark National Forest (part)

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 22,781 people, 8,738 households, and 6,238 families residing in the county. The population density was 34 /mi2. There were 9,926 housing units at an average density of 15 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 93.69% White, 1.37% Black or African American, 0.62% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.62% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. 6.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,738 households, out of which 32.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 9.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 24.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.20% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 27.60% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 99.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,910, and the median income for a family was $33,630. Males had a median income of $25,779 versus $19,924 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,097. About 12.90% of families and 16.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.60% of those under age 18 and 15.30% of those age 65 or over.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 25,749 people and 9,792 households in the county.

Politics
Over the past few election cycles, Johnson County has trended heavily toward the GOP. The last Democratic presidential candidate to carry this county was Arkansas native Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996.

Cities

 * Clarksville (county seat)
 * Coal Hill
 * Hartman
 * Knoxville
 * Lamar

Census-designated places

 * Hagarville
 * Oark
 * Ozone

Other unincorporated communities

 * Gillian Settlement
 * Harmony
 * Hickeytown
 * Pittsburg

Townships

 * Batson
 * Dickerson-Hill
 * Grant (Coal Hill)
 * Hickey
 * Horsehead
 * Howell (most of Knoxville)
 * Lee
 * Low Gap
 * McKennon
 * Mulberry
 * Perry (CDP Hagarville)
 * Pittsburg (most of Lamar, small part of Knoxville)
 * Prairie (small part of Clarksville)
 * Red Lick
 * Sherman
 * Spadra (most of Clarksville, small part of Lamar)
 * Stonewall
 * Ward (Hartman)

title: Johnson County, Arkansas


text:
Jefferson County, Arkansas

Jefferson County, Arkansas is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas in the area known as the Arkansas Delta that extends west of the Mississippi River. Jefferson County consists of five cities, two towns, and 20 townships. It is bisected by the Arkansas River, which was critical to its development and long the chief transportation byway. In 2020, Jefferson County's population was estimated at 67,260. The county seat and largest city is Pine Bluff. The county is included in the Pine Bluff metropolitan statistical area. The county seat and the most populous city is Pine Bluff.

Jefferson County was formed from Vaugine Township, Pulaski County and Richland Township, Arkansas County in the Arkansas Territory on November 2, 1829. It is named for Thomas Jefferson, third U.S. president. It was the site of the Battle of Pine Bluff on October 25, 1863.

History
The area now known as Jefferson County was occupied by the Quapaw when Henri de Tonti established Arkansas Post in 1686. De Tonti claimed the area for Louis XIV, King of France.

In March 1819, Robert Crittenden was appointed secretary of the Arkansas Territory. That same year, Joseph Bonne, traveling upstream on the Arkansas River from Arkansas Post, built a cabin on a "high bluff covered with pine trees" on the river's south bank. Several years later, James Scull, also from Arkansas Post, established a tavern and small inn on the river's north bank, across from what would become the site of Pine Bluff. Five years later, Secretary Crittenden convinced the remaining Quapaw to sign a treaty with the U.S. government relinquishing what remained of their tribal lands.

Steamboat travel led to expanding settlement, bringing to the area such men as French Peninsular War veteran and Indian trader Antoine Barraque (a civil township in northwest Jefferson County and Pine Bluff's principal east–west street are both named for him) and brothers James T. and John Pullen (main thoroughfares are both named for them). On November 2, 1829, Territorial Governor John Pope—Crittenden's successor—approved the establishment of Jefferson County. Though Bonne's cabin was initially used; by August 1832, "Pine Bluff Town" became the permanent county seat."

The land in the county was developed as large cotton plantations, with fronts on the river for transportation. The plantations were dependent on the labor of enslaved African Americans, who comprised a majority of the population in the county well before the American Civil War. After the war, planters in Jefferson County gradually resumed cotton cultivation and processing. The economy was driven by cotton and the Delta area was highly productive.

Because of the county's large African-American population, it was a center of Black political power in the decades after the Civil War before Jim Crow eliminated nearly all Black participation in politics. Twenty-two different African Americans from Jefferson County were elected to the Arkansas state legislature between 1871 and 1893, by far the most from any county.

In 1886, Jefferson County produced 55,120 bales of cotton, the most in Arkansas, and the second-most throughout the South. Transportation companies serving the county at the time included the Cotton Belt Route, the St. Louis – San Francisco Railway, Missouri Pacific, the Arkansas River Packet Company, the Wiley Jones Street Car Lines, and the Citizens Street Railway Company.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 914 sqmi, of which 871 sqmi is land and 43 sqmi (4.7%) is water. The county is located approximately 43 mi southeast of Little Rock, 144 mi southwest of Memphis, Tennessee, and 218 mi

Transit

 * Pine Bluff Transit

Major highways

 * I-530 (AR).svg Interstate 530
 * US 65.svg U.S. Highway 65
 * US 79.svg U.S. Highway 79
 * US 270.svg U.S. Highway 270
 * US 425.svg U.S. Highway 425
 * Arkansas 15.svg Highway 15
 * Arkansas 31.svg Highway 31
 * Arkansas 46.svg Highway 46
 * Arkansas 58.svg Highway 54
 * Arkansas 81.svg Highway 81
 * Arkansas 88.svg Highway 88

Adjacent counties

 * Lonoke County (northeast)
 * Arkansas County (east)
 * Lincoln County (southeast)
 * Cleveland County (southwest)
 * Grant County (west)
 * Pulaski County (northwest)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 67,260 people, 27,593 households, and 16,356 families residing in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 77,435 people living in the county. 55.1% were Black or African American, 42.0% White, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% of some other race and 1.2% of two or more races. 1.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 84,278 people, 30,555 households, and 21,510 families living in the county. The population density was 95 PD/sqmi. There were 34,350 housing units at an average density of 39 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 49.58% Black or African American, 48.46% White, 0.24% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. By comparison, the county had 15,714 residents in 1870, 20% of whom were White.

In the county, there were 30,555 households, out of which 33.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.40% were married couples living together, 18.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.60% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.13. The population was spread out, with 26.30% under the age of 18, 10.80% from 18 to 24, 27.80% from 25 to 44, 22.10% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.40 males.

Jefferson County experienced a decline in population between 2000 and 2010 of 8.1%. The county has continued to decline in population since 2010, showing a 3.5% decrease in population to 74,723 between the 2010 census and the 2012 (-3.5%) census estimates.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,327, and the median income for a family was $38,252. Males had a median income of $31,848 versus $21,867 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,417. About 16.00% of families and 20.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.60% of those under age 18 and 17.80% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The state has built a number of correctional facilities in and near Pine Bluff, and moved the headquarters of the Arkansas Department of Corrections (ADC) to here in 1979. The administrative Annex East is on Harding Avenue in Pine Bluff, south of city hall. The Diagnostic Unit, the Pine Bluff Unit, and the Randall L. Williams Correctional Facility are in the "Pine Bluff Complex" in Pine Bluff. The headquarters of the Arkansas Correctional School system are within the Pine Bluff Complex.

The Arkansas Department of Community Correction Southeast Arkansas Community Corrections Center is in Pine Bluff. The Maximum Security Unit is 25 mi north of central Pine Bluff and off Arkansas Highway 15 in unincorporated Jefferson County. The Tucker Unit is also located north of Pine Bluff. Historically the Arkansas Boys' Industrial School and the Arkansas Negro Boys' Industrial School were in the county.

Politics
Jefferson County is strongly Democratic in races for president, governor, and the United States Senate. In the Reconstruction Era, the county's majority black residents favored presidential candidates from the Republican Party in every election from 1868 to 1888. In the early 1890s, white Southern Democrats passed laws to disenfranchise black voters from engaging in the political process, a process which ended by the 1960s, and blacks began to favor voting for Democrats and southern whites favored the Republicans. Since 1892, Democrats have carried the county in all but three presidential elections, when Republican William McKinley won it in 1900, American Independent Party candidate George Wallace won it in 1968 and Republican Richard Nixon won it in 1972, the latter whom carried every county in Arkansas. No Republican since George H. W. Bush in 1988 has won over 40% of the county's vote, although Joe Biden is the first Democrat since that year to get under 60% in the county.

In the style of many urban counties in the Barack Obama and post-Obama eras, the Democratic Party continues to enjoy a strong following in Jefferson County, even as the non-urban areas have deeply turned against the party.

Education
School districts serving sections of the county include:
 * Pine Bluff School District
 * Watson Chapel School District
 * White Hall School District
 * DeWitt School District (headquartered in another county)

On July 1, 1983, the Plum Bayou School District consolidated into the Wabbaseka Tucker School District. On July 1, 1984, the Linwood School District consolidated into the Pine Bluff school district. The Altheimer-Sherrill School District and Wabbaseka Tucker school districts operated in Jefferson County until September 1, 1993, when they consolidated into the Altheimer Unified School District. On July 1, 2004, the Humphrey School District consolidated into the DeWitt district. Altheimer Unified consolidated into the Dollarway School District on July 10, 2006. Dollarway School District merged into the Pine Bluff district in 2021.

Cities

 * Altheimer
 * Humphrey (mostly in Arkansas County)
 * Pine Bluff (county seat)
 * Redfield
 * White Hall

Towns

 * Sherrill
 * Wabbaseka

Census-designated places

 * Sulphur Springs

Other communities

 * Jefferson
 * Lake Dick
 * Midway
 * Moscow
 * New Gascony
 * Noble Lake
 * Reydell
 * Sweden
 * Tucker
 * Wright

Townships

 * Barraque (Redfield)
 * Bogy
 * Bolivar
 * Dudley Lake
 * Dunnington (Wabbaseka)
 * Jefferson
 * Melton
 * Niven
 * Old River
 * Pastoria
 * Plum Bayou (Altheimer, Sherrill)
 * Richland
 * Roberts (Humphrey)
 * Spring
 * Talladega
 * Vaugine (Pine Bluff)
 * Victoria
 * Villemont
 * Washington (White Hall)
 * Whiteville

Former populated places

 * Anrep
 * Bruce
 * Byrd's Spring
 * Clements
 * College Park
 * Diantha
 * Dolton
 * Doylestown
 * Fairfield
 * Faith
 * Kratnek
 * Lamb
 * Lamberts
 * Linn
 * Noble's Lake
 * Plum Bayou
 * Ray Station
 * Red Bluff
 * Samples
 * Secrest
 * Sleeth
 * Walden
 * Waldstein

Notable people

 * Bobby Hutton (1950-1968), Treasurer of the Black Panther Party
 * Bobby King (January 29, 1941 – July 22, 1983), Chicago blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.
 * Kemp Toney (1876-1955), politician representing Jefferson County in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1931 to 1948
 * Elizabeth Rice, American actress

title: Jefferson County, Arkansas


text:
Jackson County, Arkansas

Jackson County is located in the Arkansas Delta in the U.S. state of Arkansas. The county is named for Andrew Jackson, a national hero during the War of 1812. By the county's formation in 1829, Jackson had become the seventh President of the United States. Jackson County is home to seven incorporated towns and four incorporated cities, including Newport, the largest city and county seat. The county is also the site of numerous unincorporated communities and ghost towns. Occupying 633.94 sqmi, Jackson County is the 41st largest county of the 75 in Arkansas. As of the 2020 Census, the county's population was 16,755. Based on population, the county is the 44th-largest county in Arkansas. Although terrain rises in the west, most of Jackson County is within the Arkansas Delta, characterized by largely flat terrain with fertile soils. Historically covered in forest, bayous and swamps, the area was cleared for agriculture by early settlers. It is drained by the White River.

Although no Interstate highways are located in Jackson County, two United States highways (U.S. Route 67 (US 67) and US 167) and fifteen Arkansas state highways run in the county. A Union Pacific Railroad line also crosses the county.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 642 sqmi, of which 634 sqmi is land and 7.6 sqmi (1.2%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-57 (Future).svg|20px]] Future Interstate 57
 * [[Image:US 67 (1961).svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 67
 * [[Image:US 167.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 167
 * [[Image:Arkansas 14.svg|20px]] Highway 14
 * [[Image:Arkansas 17.svg|20px]] Highway 17
 * [[Image:Arkansas 18.svg|20px]] Highway 18
 * [[Image:Arkansas 18S.svg|25px]] Highway 18 Spur
 * [[Image:Arkansas 33.svg|20px]] Highway 33
 * [[Image:Arkansas 37.svg|20px]] Highway 37
 * [[Image:Arkansas 42.svg|20px]] Highway 42
 * [[Image:Arkansas 69.svg|20px]] Highway 69
 * [[Image:Arkansas 69S.svg|25px]] Highway 69 Spur
 * [[Image:Arkansas 87.svg|20px]] Highway 87
 * [[Image:Arkansas 145.svg|25px]] Highway 145
 * [[Image:Arkansas 157.svg|25px]] Highway 157
 * [[Image:Arkansas 224.svg|25px]] Highway 224
 * [[Image:Arkansas 226.svg|25px]] Highway 226
 * [[Image:Arkansas 367.svg|25px]] Highway 367
 * [[Image:Arkansas 384.svg|25px]] Highway 384
 * Arkansas 980(Airport).svg Airport Highway 980

Adjacent counties

 * Lawrence County (north)
 * Craighead County (northeast)
 * Poinsett County (east)
 * Cross County (southeast)
 * Woodruff County (south)
 * White County (southwest)
 * Independence County (west)

National protected area

 * Cache River National Wildlife Refuge (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,755 people, 6,137 households, and 3,758 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 18,418 people, 6,971 households, and 4,830 families residing in the county. The population density was 29 /mi2. There were 7,956 housing units at an average density of 13 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 80.57% White, 17.56% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. 1.27% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,971 households, out of which 27.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.20% were married couples living together, 13.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.70% were non-families. 27.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.20% under the age of 18, 11.50% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 16.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 91.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $25,081, and the median income for a family was $32,661. Males had a median income of $26,744 versus $17,830 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,564. About 13.20% of families and 17.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.00% of those under age 18 and 16.70% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The Grimes Unit and the McPherson Unit, prisons of the Arkansas Department of Correction, are located in Newport, off of Arkansas Highway 384, 4 mi east of central Newport. The prison houses the state's death row for women. The Jackson County Sheriff's Office is the primary county-wide law enforcement agency.

Cities

 * Campbell Station
 * Diaz
 * Grubbs
 * Newport (county seat)
 * Swifton
 * Tuckerman

Towns

 * Amagon
 * Beedeville
 * Jacksonport
 * Tupelo
 * Weldon

Unincorporated communities

 * Balch
 * Centerville
 * Denmark
 * Heffington
 * Kenyon
 * Macks
 * Midway
 * Olyphant
 * Possum Grape

Ghost towns

 * Colerain
 * Estico
 * Mt. Pinson
 * Myrickville
 * Sneed

Townships

 * Barren
 * Bateman (contains part of Newport)
 * Bird (contains most of Tuckerman)
 * Breckinridge (contains Tupelo and Weldon)
 * Bryan
 * Cache
 * Cow Lake (contains Beedeville)
 * Glaize
 * Glass (contains Swifton)
 * Grubbs (contains Grubbs)
 * Jefferson (contains Campbell Station and Jacksonport, part of Diaz and Tuckerman)
 * Richwoods (contains Amagon)
 * Union (contains most of Diaz and Newport)
 * Village (contains part of Diaz and Newport)

Source:

Government and politics
Jackson County is represented in the Arkansas State Senate by the Republican Ronald R. Caldwell, a real estate businessman from Wynne in Cross County.

title: Jackson County, Arkansas


text:
Izard County, Arkansas

Izard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,577. The county seat is Melbourne. Izard County is Arkansas's 13th county, formed on October 27, 1825, and named for War of 1812 General and Arkansas Territorial Governor George Izard. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 584 sqmi, of which 581 sqmi is land and 3.4 sqmi (0.6%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:Arkansas 5.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 5
 * [[Image:Arkansas 9.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 9
 * [[Image:Arkansas 56.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 56
 * [[Image:Arkansas 58.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 58
 * [[Image:Arkansas 69.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 69
 * [[Image:Arkansas 69B.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 69 Business
 * [[Image:Arkansas 177.svg|24px]] Arkansas Highway 177
 * [[Image:Arkansas 223.svg|24px]] Arkansas Highway 223
 * [[Image:Arkansas 289.svg|24px]] Arkansas Highway 289
 * [[Image:Arkansas 354.svg|24px]] Arkansas Highway 354

Adjacent counties

 * Fulton County (north)
 * Sharp County (east)
 * Independence County (southeast)
 * Stone County (southwest)
 * Baxter County (northwest)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 13,577 people, 4,851 households, and 3,124 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 13,249 people, 5,440 households, and 3,769 families residing in the county. The population density was 23 /mi2. There were 6,591 housing units at an average density of 11 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.41% White, 1.44% Black or African American, 0.63% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. 1.00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,440 households, out of which 25.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.70% were married couples living together, 7.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.70% were non-families. 27.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.90% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 25.00% from 25 to 44, 25.80% from 45 to 64, and 21.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 102.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $25,670, and the median income for a family was $32,313. Males had a median income of $22,389 versus $18,450 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,397. About 13.60% of families and 17.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.40% of those under age 18 and 13.70% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Over the past few election cycles Izard County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democrat (as of 2020) to carry this county was Al Gore in 2000.

Cities

 * Calico Rock
 * Horseshoe Bend
 * Melbourne (county seat)
 * Oxford

Towns

 * Franklin
 * Guion
 * Mount Pleasant
 * Pineville

Census-designated places

 * Mount Olive
 * Violet Hill

Unincorporated communities

 * Brockwell
 * Dolph
 * Forty Four
 * Gid
 * Jumbo
 * LaCrosse
 * Lunenburg
 * Sage
 * Sylamore
 * Wideman
 * Wiseman
 * Zion

Townships

 * Athens
 * Baker (small parts of Horseshoe Bend and Oxford)
 * Barren Fork (part of Mount Pleasant)
 * Big Spring
 * Bryan
 * Claiborne (small part of Calico Rock)
 * Drytown (part of Mount Pleasant)
 * Franklin (most of Franklin, small part of Horseshoe Bend)
 * Gid
 * Guion (Guion)
 * Guthrie
 * Jefferson (most of Horseshoe Bend, small part of Franklin)
 * Lacrosse (part of Melbourne)
 * Lafferty
 * Lunenberg
 * Mill Creek (most of Melbourne)
 * Mount Olive
 * Newburg (small part of Oxford)
 * New Hope (most of Oxford)
 * Pleasant Hill
 * Sage (part of Melbourne)
 * Strawberry
 * Union (Pineville, most of Calico Rock)
 * Violet Hill
 * White River

Source:

Notable people

 * Terry Shell, lawyer and judge, served as United States federal judge in Arkansas from 1975 to 1978

title: Izard County, Arkansas


text:
Independence County, Arkansas

Independence County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,938. The county seat is Batesville. Independence County is Arkansas's ninth county, formed on October 20, 1820, from a portion of Lawrence County and named in commemoration of the Declaration of Independence. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

The Batesville, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Independence County.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 772 sqmi, of which 764 sqmi is land and 7.6 sqmi (1.0%) is water.

List of highways

 * [[Image:US 167.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 167
 * [[Image:Arkansas 14.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 14
 * [[Image:Arkansas 25.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 25
 * [[Image:Arkansas 37.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 37
 * [[Image:Arkansas 69.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 69
 * [[Image:Arkansas 69B.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 69 Business
 * [[Image:Arkansas 87.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 87
 * Arkansas 106.svg Arkansas Highway 106
 * Arkansas 122.svg Arkansas Highway 122
 * Arkansas 157.svg Arkansas Highway 157
 * Arkansas 230.svg Arkansas Highway 230
 * Arkansas 233.svg Arkansas Highway 233
 * Arkansas 333.svg Arkansas Highway 333
 * Arkansas 367.svg Arkansas Highway 367
 * Arkansas 394.svg Arkansas Highway 394

Adjacent counties

 * Sharp County (north)
 * Lawrence County (northeast)
 * Jackson County (east)
 * White County (south)
 * Cleburne County (southwest)
 * Stone County (west)
 * Izard County (northwest)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 37,938 people, 14,322 households, and 9,929 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 34,233 people, 13,467 households, and 9,669 families residing in the county. The population density was 45 /mi2. There were 14,841 housing units at an average density of 19 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 94.91% White, 2.04% Black or African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.64% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. 1.53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 13,467 households, out of which 32.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.00% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.20% were non-families. 25.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.50% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 27.70% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 96.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,920, and the median income for a family was $38,444. Males had a median income of $27,284 versus $20,086 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,163. About 9.90% of families and 13.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.10% of those under age 18 and 14.40% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Over the past few election cycles Independence County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democrat (as of 2020) to carry this county was Bill Clinton in 1996.

Cities

 * Batesville (county seat)
 * Cave City
 * Cushman
 * Newark
 * Southside

Towns

 * Magness
 * Moorefield
 * Oil Trough
 * Pleasant Plains
 * Sulphur Rock

Census-designated places

 * Bethesda
 * Desha
 * Floral
 * Salado

Other unincorporated communities

 * Antioch (Independence County)
 * Cedar Grove
 * Charlotte
 * Cord
 * Dota
 * Gainsboro
 * Jamestown
 * Limedale
 * Locust Grove
 * McHue
 * Pfeiffer
 * Rosie
 * Sandtown
 * Thida
 * Walnut Grove

Townships

 * Ashley
 * Barren (contains part of Cave City)
 * Big Bottom-Wycough-Logan Township (contains Newark)
 * Black River-Marshell
 * Cushman-Union (contains Cushman)
 * Departee
 * Dota
 * Fairview (contains Pleasant Plains)
 * Gainsboro
 * Greenbrier
 * Hill
 * Huff
 * Jefferson
 * Liberty
 * McHue (contains part of Batesville)
 * Magness (contains Magness)
 * Moorefield (contains Moorefield, part of Batesville)
 * Oil Trough (contains Oil Trough)
 * Relief
 * Rosie
 * Ruddell (contains most of Batesville)
 * Salado
 * Washington
 * White River (contains Sulphur Rock)

Source:

title: Independence County, Arkansas


text:
Howard County, Arkansas

Howard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,785. The county seat is Nashville. Howard County is Arkansas's 74th county, formed on April 17, 1873, and named for James Howard, a state senator. It is a dry county.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 595 sqmi, of which 589 sqmi is land and 6.8 sqmi (1.1%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 70.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 70
 * [[Image:US 278.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 278
 * [[Image:US 371.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 371
 * [[Image:Arkansas 26.svg|20px]] Highway 26
 * [[Image:Arkansas 27.svg|20px]] Highway 27
 * [[Image:Arkansas 84.svg|20px]] Highway 84

Adjacent counties

 * Polk County (north)
 * Pike County (east)
 * Hempstead County (southeast)
 * Little River County (southwest)
 * Sevier County (west)

National protected area

 * Ouachita National Forest (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,785 people, 5,142 households, and 3,503 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 14,300 people, 5,471 households, and 3,922 families residing in the county. The population density was 24 /mi2. There were 6,297 housing units at an average density of 11 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 73.60% White, 21.86% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.76% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. 5.08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 4.75% reported speaking Spanish at home, while 1.73% speak German.

There were 5,471 households, out of which 34.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.20% were married couples living together, 12.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.30% were non-families. 25.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.90% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 27.80% from 25 to 44, 21.60% from 45 to 64, and 15.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,699, and the median income for a family was $34,510. Males had a median income of $28,086 versus $17,266 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,586. About 11.90% of families and 15.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.10% of those under age 18 and 17.00% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Over the past few election cycles, Howard County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democratic presidential candidate (as of 2020) to carry this county was Bill Clinton in 1996.

Cities

 * Dierks
 * Mineral Springs
 * Nashville (county seat)

Towns

 * Tollette

Census-designated places

 * Center Point
 * Saratoga

Other unincorporated communities

 * Athens
 * Corinth
 * Midway
 * Mineola
 * Okay
 * Schaal
 * Umpire

Historic communities

 * Allbrook
 * Antimony
 * Baker Springs
 * Carl
 * Cowling
 * Dial
 * Eldridge
 * Euclid
 * Galena
 * Henry
 * Howe
 * Markham
 * Martha
 * Minnie
 * New Moon
 * Pates
 * Picayune
 * Rosadale

Townships

 * Blackland
 * Blue Bayou
 * Blue Ridge
 * Brewer
 * Buck Range
 * Burg
 * Center Point
 * Clay
 * County Line
 * Dillard
 * Duckett
 * Franklin
 * Holly Creek
 * Madison (Dierks)
 * Mineral Springs (Mineral Springs)
 * Mountain
 * Muddy Fork
 * Nashville (Nashville)
 * Saline
 * Saratoga
 * Tollette (Tollette) --- township completely inside Blackland Township
 * Umpire

title: Howard County, Arkansas


text:
Hot Spring County, Arkansas

Hot Spring County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,040. The county seat is Malvern. Established on November 2, 1829, in the Arkansas Territory from a part of Clark County; it was named after the hot springs at Hot Springs, Arkansas, which were formerly in the county.

For nearly 80 years, Hot Spring County was an alcohol prohibition or dry county, though attempts in recent years to locate the county prohibition ordinance were unsuccessful. In November 2022, voters overturned the prohibition, approving a measure to allow countywide retail alcohol sales.

Hot Spring County comprises the Malvern, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Hot Springs-Malvern, AR Combined Statistical Area.

Geography
Hot Spring County is located in Southwest Arkansas, a region composed of the Ouachita Mountains, deep valleys, and the Arkansas Timberlands. Hot Spring County is mostly within the mountainous segment of the region, mostly covered in hardwood and pine forests. One of the six primary geographic regions of Arkansas, the Ouachitas are a mountainous subdivision of the U.S. Interior Highlands. The Ouachita River roughly divides the county. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 622.16 sqmi, of which 614.94 sqmi is land and 7.22 sqmi (1.16%) is water.

The county is located approximately 47 mi southwest of Little Rock, 170 mi northeast of Shreveport, Louisiana, and 277 mi northeast of Dallas, Texas. Hot Spring County is surrounded by six counties, including the Ouachitas, Central Arkansas, and Lower Arkansas Delta, due to its short and wide shape. The county neighbors Garland County to the north, Saline County in the northeast corner, Grant County to the east, Dallas County to the southeast, Clark County to the south, and a small portion with Montgomery County in the northwest.

Protected areas
Hot Spring County contains two state parks, DeGray Lake Resort State Park and Lake Catherine State Park, and two Wildlife Management Area (WMA), DeGray Lake WMA, and Jack Mountain WMA maintained by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. The county also contains 320 acre of Ouachita National Forest managed by the National Forest Service.

DeGray Lake Resort State Park is a 984 acre in southwest Hot Spring County, and Arkansas's only resort state park. The 94-room DeGray Lodge and Convention Center includes a restaurant and 18-hole championship rated golf course. Traditional state park amenities for camping, hiking, fishing, boating, picnic tables, and horseback riding are also offered. The park is owned and operated by the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism (ADPT). DeGray Lake WMA essentially bounds the portions of lake shoreline not bounded by the state park. The land is owned by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and extends into Clark County.

Near Malvern, Lake Catherine State Park is a small state park on the west side of Lake Catherine. The park offers 20 cabins, including five Civilian Conservation Corps cabins of natural wood and stone built in the 1930s, and 70 campsites. In summer, the parks offers a marina, boat rental, visitor center, guided tours, nature center and horseback trail rides.

Demographics
From 2000 to 2010, Hot Spring County saw significant population and income growth. The population increased from 30,353 to 32,923, a gain of 8.5%, with incomes rising and poverty declining for almost every demographic.

2020 Census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 33,040 people, 12,599 households, and 8,857 families residing in the county.

2010 Census
As of the 2010 census, there were 32,923 people, 12,664 households, and 8,969 families residing in the county. The population density was 53.5 /mi2. There were 14,332 housing units at an average density of 23.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 85.6% White, 10.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.3% Asian, >0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 2.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 12,664 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.1 years. For every 100 females there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males age 18 and over.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,150, and the median income for a family was $46,090. Males had a median income of $34,111 versus $27,127 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,248. About 8.2% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

2000 Census
As of the 2000 census, there were 30,353 people, 12,004 households, and 8,834 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 /mi2. There were 13,384 housing units at an average density of 22 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 87.33% White, 10.26% Black or African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. 1.27% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 12,004 households, out of which 31.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.20% were married couples living together, 10.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.40% were non-families. 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.10% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 26.50% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,543, and the median income for a family was $37,077. Males had a median income of $27,800 versus $19,461 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,216. About 10.30% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.00% of those under age 18 and 14.20% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Educational attainment in Hot Spring County is typical for a rural Arkansas county, with a 2011-2015 American Community Survey study finding 84.8% of Hot Spring County residents over age 25 held a high school degree. This ratio is in line with the state average of 84.8% and slightly below the national average of 86.7%. The county's percentage of residents holding a bachelor's degree or higher is 13.0%, significantly below state and national averages of 21.1% and 29.8%, respectively.

Primary and secondary education
Five public school districts are based in Hot Spring County: Malvern School District is the largest school district in Hot Spring County, with the Bismarck School District serving the western portion of the county, Ouachita School District serving a small area around Donaldson, Glen Rose School District serving the northeastern area of the county, and Magnet Cove School District around Magnet Cove. Successful completion of the curriculum of these schools leads to graduation from Malvern High School, Bismarck High School, Ouachita High School, Glen Rose High School, and Magnet Cove High School respectively. All five high schools offer Advanced Placement (AP) courses and are accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE).

Residents outside the five Hot Spring County-based districts are within either the Centerpoint School District or Poyen School District.

Higher education
Hot Spring County contains one institution of higher education, ASU Three Rivers, a public community college in Malvern. Other higher education institutions in the region include National Park College, a public two-year college in Hot Springs, and two four-year liberal arts universities in Arkadelphia, Henderson State University and Ouachita Baptist University.

Library system
The Malvern-Hot Spring County Library at 202 East Third Street in downtown Malvern was founded in 1928 and became a member library of the Mid-Arkansas Regional Library System in 1974. The facility offers books, e-books, media, reference, youth, business and genealogy services.

Public safety
The Hot Spring County Sheriff's Office is the primary law enforcement agency in the county. The agency is led by the Hot Spring County Sheriff, an official elected by countywide vote every two years.

The county is under the jurisdiction of the Hot Spring County District Court, a state district court. State district courts in Arkansas are courts of original jurisdiction for criminal, civil (up to $25,000), small claims, and traffic matters. State district courts are presided over by a full-time District Judge elected to a four-year term by a districtwide election. Hot Spring County District Court is located at 410 Locust Street in Malvern.

Superseding district court jurisdiction is the 7th Judicial Circuit Court, which covers Hot Spring and Grant counties. The 7th Circuit contains two circuit judges, elected to six-year terms circuitwide. Circuit courts have the right to refer some matters to state district court at their discretion.

Hot Spring County 911 is the local PSAP operating system for the entire county area. Hot Spring County 911 is run by Director Regina Shearin.

Government
The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Arkansas and the Arkansas Code. The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are called justices of the peace and are elected from county districts every even-numbered year. The number of districts in a county vary from nine to fifteen, and district boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. The Hot Spring County Quorum Court has nine members. Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief operating officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions.

Politics
Hot Spring County is represented in the Arkansas State Senate by Republican Alan Clark, a Hot Springs businessman. In the Arkansas House of Representatives, it is represented by a Republican as well, Laurie Rushing, a real estate broker from Hot Springs.

Until 2004, Hot Spring County was a typical "Solid South" Democratic county in presidential elections. There were, however, 3 exceptions. Republicans Herbert Hoover and Richard Nixon won the county in 1928 and 1972, respectively, while American Independent candidate George Wallace won the county in 1968. In 2004, Republican candidate George W. Bush won the county by just 59 votes. However, since 2008, the county has given over 60 percent of its vote to the Republican candidate.

Taxation
Property tax is assessed by the Hot Spring County Assessor annually based upon the fair market value of the property and determining which tax rate, commonly called a millage in Arkansas, will apply. The rate depends upon the property's location with respect to city limits, school district, and special tax increment financing (TIF) districts. This tax is collected by the Hot Spring County Collector between the first business day of March of each year through October 15 without penalty. The Hot Spring County Treasurer disburses tax revenues to various government agencies, such as cities, county road departments, fire departments, libraries, and police departments in accordance with the budget set by the quorum court.

Sales and use taxes in Arkansas are voter approved and collected by the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration. Arkansas's statewide sales and use tax has been 6.5% since July 1, 2013. Hot Spring County has an additional sales and use tax of 1.50%, which has been in effect since January 1, 2009. Within Hot Spring County, the City of Malvern has had an additional 1% sales and use tax since January 1, 2009, City of Rockport an additional 2% since January 1, 2012, and the Town of Perla an additional 1% sales and use tax since January 1, 1984. The Arkansas State Treasurer disburses tax revenue to counties and cities in accordance with tax rules.

Communities
Two incorporated cities, four incorporated towns, and one census designated place (CDP) are located within the county. The largest city and county seat, Malvern, is located in the northeast part of the county on I-30. Malvern's population in 2010 was 10,318, and has been increasing since the 2000 Census. Rockport and Perla are adjacent to Malvern, with populations of 755 and 291 in 2010, respectively. The remaining communities are in the south part of the county near the Ouachita River, each with a population under 400 as of 2010: Donaldson, Friendship and Midway. Magnet Cove is a former town, suspending incorporation in 2006.

Hot Spring County has dozens of unincorporated communities and ghost towns within its borders. This is due to early settlers in Arkansas tending to settle in small clusters rather than incorporated towns. For example, communities like Jones Mill have a post office or a collection of buildings. Other communities are simply a few dwellings at a crossroads that have adopted a common place name over time. Some are officially listed as populated places by the United States Geological Survey, and others are listed as historic settlements.

Cities

 * Malvern (County Seat)
 * Rockport

Towns

 * Donaldson
 * Friendship
 * Midway
 * Perla

Census Designated Places

 * Bismarck
 * Jones Mill
 * Magnet Cove

Other unincorporated communities

 * Abco
 * Antioch
 * Beaton
 * Bonnerdale
 * Brown Springs
 * Butterfiield
 * Caney
 * Central
 * De Roche
 * Diamondhead
 * Faber
 * Gifford
 * Glen Rose
 * Harp
 * Lambert
 * Landers
 * Lono
 * Morning Star
 * Mount Moriah
 * Oak Bower
 * Oak Grove
 * Old De Roche
 * Oma
 * Point Cedar
 * Rolla
 * Saginaw
 * Shorewood Hills
 * Social Hill
 * Whittington
 * Witherspoon

Historical communities

 * Cove Creek
 * Duffie
 * Durian
 * Elmore
 * Etta
 * Fleming
 * Sanders
 * Twin Oak
 * Walco
 * Wayside
 * Wyandotte

Townships

 * Antioch
 * Big Creek
 * Bismarck
 * Brown Springs
 * Butterfield (part of Rockport and Malvern)
 * Clear Creek
 * De Roche
 * Dover
 * Fenter (Perla, most of Malvern, part of Rockport)
 * Gifford
 * Harrison
 * Henderson
 * Lone Hill (part of Midway)
 * Magnet (Magnet Cove)
 * Midway
 * Montgomery
 * Ouachita (Donaldson)
 * Prairie (Friendship, most of Midway)
 * Saline
 * Valley

Aviation
Hot Spring County contains one public owned/public use general aviation airport, Malvern Municipal Airport southeast of Malvern. For the twelve-month period ending July 31, 2015, the facility saw 11,850 general aviation operations and 150 military operations. The nearest commercial service airport is Clinton National Airport in Little Rock.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-30 (AR).svg|20px]] Interstate 30
 * [[Image:US 67.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 67
 * [[Image:US 70.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 70
 * [[Image:US 270.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 270
 * [[Image:Arkansas 7.svg|20px]] Highway 7
 * [[Image:Arkansas 9.svg|20px]] Highway 9
 * [[Image:Arkansas 51.svg|20px]] Highway 51
 * [[Image:Arkansas 84.svg|20px]] Highway 84
 * [[Image:Arkansas 128.svg|25px]] Highway 128
 * [[Image:Arkansas 171.svg|25px]] Highway 171
 * [[Image:Arkansas 222.svg|25px]] Highway 222
 * [[Image:Arkansas 283.svg|25px]] Highway 283
 * [[Image:Arkansas 347.svg|25px]] Highway 347

title: Hot Spring County, Arkansas


text:
Hempstead County, Arkansas

Hempstead County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,065, down from 22,609 at the 2010 census. The county seat is Hope. Hempstead County is Arkansas's fourth county, formed on December 15, 1818, alongside Clark and Pulaski counties. The county is named for Edward Hempstead, a delegate to the U.S. Congress from the Missouri Territory, which included present-day Arkansas at the time. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

42nd United States President Bill Clinton (in office 1993-2001) was born in the county seat of Hope on August 19, 1946. Clinton is the only President to be born in Arkansas, as of now.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 741 sqmi, of which 728 sqmi is land and 14 sqmi (1.8%) is water. Hempstead County is alternately considered as part of the greater regions of South Arkansas or Southwest Arkansas.

Major highways

 * I-30 (AR).svg Interstate 30
 * US 67.svg U.S. Highway 67
 * US 278.svg U.S. Highway 278
 * US 371.svg U.S. Highway 371
 * Arkansas 4.svg Highway 4
 * Arkansas 27.svg Highway 27
 * Arkansas 29.svg Highway 29
 * Arkansas 32.svg Highway 32

Adjacent counties

 * Pike County (north)
 * Nevada County (east)
 * Lafayette County (south)
 * Miller County (southwest)
 * Little River County (west)
 * Howard County (northwest)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 20,065 people, 8,094 households, and 5,711 families residing in the county.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 23,587 people, 8,959 households, and 6,378 families residing in the county. The population density was 32 PD/sqmi. There were 10,178 housing units at an average density of 14 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 63.28% White, 30.36% Black or African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 4.17% from other races, and 1.59% from two or more races. 8.25% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,959 households, out of which 33.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.40% were married couples living together, 15.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 25.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.30% under the age of 18, 9.60% from 18 to 24, 27.20% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,622, and the median income for a family was $34,082. Males had a median income of $25,830 versus $17,383 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,103. About 16.00% of families and 20.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.20% of those under age 18 and 16.70% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Starting in 2008, voters of Hempstead County have shifted to the political right in US presidential elections. That said, the city of Hope is still very Democratic as of the 2020 election.

Cities

 * Blevins
 * Hope (county seat)
 * Washington

Towns

 * Fulton
 * McNab
 * McCaskill
 * Oakhaven
 * Ozan
 * Patmos
 * Perrytown

Unincorporated communities

 * Clow
 * DeAnn

Townships

 * Bodcaw (Patmos)
 * Bois d'Arc (Fulton, McNab)
 * De Roan (Hope, Perrytown)
 * Garland
 * Mine Creek (part of Ozan)
 * Noland (small part of Emmet)
 * Ozan (Oakhaven, Washington, most of Ozan)
 * Redland (McCaskill)
 * Saline
 * Spring Hill
 * Wallaceburg (Blevins)
 * Water Creek

title: Hempstead County, Arkansas