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Pittsburg, New Hampshire

Pittsburg is a town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 800 at the 2020 census. It is the northernmost town in New Hampshire and the largest town by area in New England. U.S. Route 3 is the only major highway in the town, although the northern terminus of New Hampshire Route 145 also lies within Pittsburg.

Pittsburg is part of the Berlin, New Hampshire–Vermont Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Pittsburg derives its name from William Pitt, Prime Minister of Great Britain. Prior to its incorporation in 1840, the area was settled c. 1810 and known as the Territory of Indian Stream. It had the unique distinction of having been its own microstate briefly during the 1830s, called the Republic of Indian Stream, due to an ambiguous boundary between the United States and Canada.

The Indian Stream Schoolhouse on Tabor Road, which dates to 1897, is listed in both the National Register of Historic Places and the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places; the town hall on Main Street, which dates to 1883, is listed in the State Register.

Geography
Pittsburg shares an international border with Québec province, Canada, to its west and north, and borders the states of Maine (to the east) and Vermont (a very small portion to the southwest). Directly to the south is Clarksville. Pittsburg is the only New Hampshire municipality to border Canada, the only one that borders both Maine and Vermont, the only one to share a land border with Vermont, and the only town entirely north of the 45th parallel. Pittsburg contains the only part of New Hampshire west of the Connecticut River, as that river defines the Vermont state line from Clarksville southward. The Pittsburg–Chartierville Border Crossing, New Hampshire's only Canadian border crossing, is located in the town, at the northern terminus of U.S. Route 3. The western edge of Pittsburg is defined by Halls Stream, being the "northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut River", which defined (ambiguously) the border in the Treaty of Paris of 1783.

Contained within the boundaries of Pittsburg are the Connecticut Lakes, which form the beginning of the Connecticut River. Early maps (e.g. 1854) also show several grants that were incorporated into the eastern edge of Pittsburg, including Carlisle No. 1, Webster/Carlisle No. 2 and Hubbards No. 3, all north of Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 754.5 sqkm, the largest in New Hampshire and New England of any municipality incorporated as a town. A total of 728.6 sqkm of Pittsburg are land and 25.8 sqkm are water, the latter comprising 3.43% of the town.

The highest point in Pittsburg is the summit of Stub Hill, at 3627 ft. Mount Magalloway, elevation 3383 ft, is a prominent summit reachable by hiking trail.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Chartierville, Quebec, Canada (north)
 * Notre-Dame-des-Bois, Quebec, Canada (northeast)
 * North Oxford, Maine (east)
 * Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant (southeast)
 * Clarksville (south)
 * Canaan, Vermont (southwest)
 * East Hereford, Quebec, Canada (west)
 * Saint-Venant-de-Paquette, Quebec, Canada (west)
 * Saint-Malo, Quebec, Canada (west)
 * Saint-Isidore-de-Clifton, Quebec, Canada (northwest)

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, First Connecticut Lake has a warm-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded at First Connecticut Lake was 93 F on July 8, 1921, and July 19, 1953, while the coldest temperature recorded was -45 F on February 1, 1920.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 867 people, 386 households, and 264 families residing in the town. The population density was 3.1 people per square mile (1.2/km$2$). There were 1,281 housing units at an average density of 4.5 per square mile (1.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.27% White, 0.12% African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.23% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.46% of the population.

There were 386 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.9% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 32.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,516, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $25,455 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,703. About 5.0% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

In 2014 the largest ancestry groups reported in Pittsburg were English (30.9%), French or French Canadian (21.0%), Irish (9.8%), and "American" (9.2%).

Tourism
Pittsburg is a destination for snowmobile and ATV enthusiasts year round. In the winter months thousands of people visit Pittsburg to take advantage of the state-funded and club-supported and maintained trails that can bring snowmobilers from elsewhere in the state of New Hampshire to Pittsburg, with access to the states of Maine, Vermont and the border crossing to Canada. Some of the same trails are used in the summer for ATVs.

Another focus in the area for tourists is fishing and hunting. Pittsburg is home to the four Connecticut Lakes, Back Lake, part of Lake Francis, and numerous smaller water bodies. The lakes are annually stocked with fish and allow for fishing weekends. The area is known for fly fishing. Two sections of the Connecticut River are fly fishing only, including the "Trophy Stretch". The Connecticut Lakes Region has attracted anglers and hunters since the early 1900s. There are maps on the local snowmobile club's website that show trails in Pittsburg as well as roads and access points to the lakes and rivers.

Lake Francis State Park allows for lakeside camping, fishing, and canoeing on the lake or the Connecticut River. Deer Mountain Campground enables camping and picnicking on the Connecticut River.

Pittsburg fell within the path of totality during the solar eclipse of April 8, 2024.

Notable people

 * Edgar Aldrich (1848–1921), United States District Judge for the District of New Hampshire
 * Harry B. Amey (1868–1949), United States Attorney for Vermont
 * Luther Parker (1800–1853), political figure in the Republic of Indian Stream in the 1830s

title: Pittsburg, New Hampshire


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Randolph, New Hampshire

Randolph is a heavily forested town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States, extending from the northern slopes of the White Mountains of the Presidential Range (to the south) to the Crescent Range and Berlin (to the north), with U.S. Route 2 cutting through the middle. The northern and southern parts of Randolph are within the White Mountain National Forest and the Ice Gulch Town Forest, while the central part is the settled portion of town. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 328.

Randolph is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Randolph was incorporated in 1824, after being originally granted as "Durand" in 1772. The town was named after John Randolph, a Virginia congressman and senator, and a descendant of Pocahontas.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 122.0 sqkm, of which 121.8 sqkm are land and 0.2 sqkm are water, comprising 0.13% of the town.

Randolph's geography is mountainous. The south side of the town includes the northern slopes of the Presidentials. The north side of the town includes four main mountains: Mount Crescent, Black Crescent Mountain, Mount Randolph and Pond Hill. Dividing the northerly slopes from the southerly slopes is U.S. Route 2. There are no trails maintained to the top of Black Crescent Mountain or Pond Hill. The highest point in Randolph is on the town's southern border, atop a 3950 ft knob on Howker Ridge, a spur of Mount Madison.

The settled part of Randolph is divided into two main areas: Randolph "valley", where town hall is, and Randolph Hill, which has several roads all connected to a main road called Randolph Hill Road. Randolph Hill has the site of the Mt. Crescent House (hotel), which opened in 1883 as the "Randolph Hill House" and was torn down in 1971. Randolph also had "Ravine House" on Durand Road, straight north of the Appalachia trailhead. Other sections of town include the area west of Durand Road, which includes Valley Road and a number of houses along Route 2, towards Jefferson. The main Randolph train station was at Appalachia. Other, secondary stations included "Randolph East" on the Dolly Copp (or "Pinkham B") Road, and Bowman, at the height of land to the west.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Berlin (north)
 * Gorham (east)
 * Thompson and Meserve's Purchase (southeast)
 * Low and Burbank's Grant (south)
 * Jefferson (west)
 * Kilkenny (northwest)

Climate
Temperatures in the summer can reach nearly 100 F, though that is exceedingly rare, with summer days seldom getting above the 80s (°F) and summer nights frequently being in the 50s or even the 40s. Temperatures in the winter can be below -40 F. Ice Gulch, in the forest in the northern part of Randolph, contains the largest known subalpine cold-air talus barren in New Hampshire, with a microclimate significantly colder than the rest of the town, containing ice blocks that sometimes survive the entire summer without melting.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 339 people, 146 households, and 104 families residing in the town. The population density was 7.2 people per square mile (2.8/km$2$). There were 298 housing units at an average density of 6.3 per square mile (2.4/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 96.46% White, 0.88% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 146 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 1.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 32.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $50,139, and the median income for a family was $52,083. Males had a median income of $40,625 versus $35,208 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,092. About 2.0% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over.

Many houses in Randolph are summer/vacation homes. Historically, vacationers tended to visit the hotels, reachable by horse-drawn carriage from the Randolph train station; but as the automobile became more popular, the hotels declined and private vacation homes became more prevalent. Vacationing in the far north was particularly advantageous before the air conditioner became common, as Randolph summers are rarely very hot—and never hot at all in the higher mountain areas.

Parks and recreation
The Randolph Mountain Club was founded in 1910, and operates several shelters, campsites, and cabins on public lands in the White Mountains.

There are two artificial lakes (or ponds) in Randolph: Durand Lake is present year-round, and Ravine House Pool exists in summer from the damming of a mountain stream. There are tennis courts near the Ravine House Pool.

Notable person

 * Bob Savage (1921–2013), baseball pitcher during the 1940s

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Randolph, New Hampshire


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Sargent's Purchase, New Hampshire

Sargent's Purchase is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. It lies within the White Mountain National Forest. As of the 2020 census, the population was zero.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town or city and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

History
The first known explorer to have set foot in what is now known as Sargent's Purchase was Darby Field, who claimed to have made the first ascent of Mount Washington in 1642. Sargent's Purchase was granted to Jacob Sargent and others on May 31, 1832. In May 1866, Sylvester Marsh of Campton, New Hampshire, began construction of the Mount Washington Cog Railway, primarily in Thompson and Meserve's Purchase, but the uppermost half mile being within Sargent's Purchase. The Cog Railway was completed in 1869.

Geography
The township is in the White Mountains of New Hampshire and includes the summit of Mount Washington, the highest mountain in New England, with an elevation of 6288 ft above sea level. Other notable summits within the purchase include Mount Monroe, at 5380 ft; Mount Isolation, at 4004 ft; and Stairs Mountain, at 3468 ft. The Appalachian Trail crosses the northwestern part of the township, including the summit of Mount Washington, as well as the northeastern corner of the township.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 67.0 km2, of which 0.02 sqkm, or 0.02%, are water. The Ammonoosuc River has its source on the west side of Mount Washington and drains the northwestern corner of the township, part of the Connecticut River watershed. The northeastern corner of the township, drained by the Peabody River, is part of the Androscoggin River watershed. The remainder of the township is part of the Saco River watershed: the Dry River begins in Oakes Gulf on the south side of Mount Washington, while the Ellis River begins in Tuckerman Ravine on the east side of the mountain. The Rocky Branch, a third tributary of the Saco, drains the southern part of Sargent's Purchase.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Thompson and Meserve's Purchase (north)
 * Pinkham's Grant (northeast)
 * Jackson (east)
 * Bartlett (southeast)
 * Hadley's Purchase (southwest)
 * Cutt's Grant (west)
 * Chandler's Purchase (northwest)

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, there were no permanent residents in the township.

title: Sargent's Purchase, New Hampshire


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Torning Township, Swift County, Minnesota

Torning Township is a township in Swift County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 505 at the 2000 census.

Torning Township was organized in 1879, and probably named after a place in Denmark.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.0 square miles (88.1 km$2$), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 505 people, 169 households, and 139 families residing in the township. The population density was 14.8 people per square mile (5.7/km$2$). There were 177 housing units at an average density of 5.2/sq mi (2.0/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.01% White, 0.20% African American, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.39% of the population.

There were 169 households, out of which 46.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.3% were married couples living together, 2.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.2% were non-families. 13.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the township the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $47,344, and the median income for a family was $49,643. Males had a median income of $29,886 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,961. About 5.7% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.


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West Bank Township, Swift County, Minnesota

West Bank Township is a township in Swift County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 200 at the 2000 census.

West Bank Township was organized in 1879, and named for its location west of the Chippewa River.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.2 square miles (93.7 km$2$), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 200 people, 74 households, and 54 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.5 people per square mile (2.1/km$2$). There were 85 housing units at an average density of 2.4/sq mi (0.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.00% White, 3.00% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.00% of the population.

There were 74 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.9% were married couples living together, 2.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the township the population was spread out, with 33.5% under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 129.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $34,063, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $21,563 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,140. About 2.9% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.


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Birchdale Township, Todd County, Minnesota

Birchdale Township is a township in Todd County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 814 at the 2000 census and grew to 931 for the 2020 census.

Birchdale Township was organized in 1869. The unincorporated village of Ward Springs is in Section 23 of the township. It was named after the family that platted it, W. and Martha J. Ward, but was originally Birch Lake City and it had a post office simply called Birch Lake, due to its proximity to a lake of the same name. At one time it had a Northern Pacific Railroad station.

Ward Springs is widely known for its spontaneous and unorganized July 4 Independence Day parade.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 sqmi, of which 32.9 sqmi is land and 3.1 sqmi (8.57%) is water.

Wildlife Management Area
The Elgin Wood Wildlife Management Area has a large unnamed pond on the east side of its 239 acres. Thereis access to a mile long hiking trail on the north end end, just off Blue Spruce Road in Birchdale Township. The Minnesota DNR describes this area as being tolling hardwood forest with some small wetlands.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 814 people, 318 households, and 221 families residing in the township. The population density was 24.8 PD/sqmi. There were 568 housing units at an average density of 17.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.26% White, 0.12% Asian, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.12% of the population.

There were 318 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 2.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $47,667. Males had a median income of $30,139 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,056. About 5.2% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.


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Bruce Township, Todd County, Minnesota

Bruce Township is a township in Todd County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 564 at the 2000 census but had declined to 479 by the 2020 census.

History
Bruce Township was named for Robert the Bruce, King of the Scots. The name was suggested by Bruce township resident George Balmer, a Scotsman and Todd County Commissioner.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 sqmi, of which 35.2 sqmi is land and 0.8 sqmi (2.25%) is water. Lake Beauty is in Bruce township. It's 137 acres.

Lakes
Beauty Lake is a 240 acre lake, mostly in section three of Bruce township. The lake has a maximum depth of 27 feet. There is a public access boat ramp on the southeast corner of the lake. Fish species in the lake include black bullhead, black crappie, bluegill, brown bullhead, green sunfish, hybrid sunfish, largemouth bass, northern pike, pumpkinseed, rock bass, walleye, yellow bullhead, yellow perch, bigmouth buffalo, bowfin (dogfish), common carp, white sucker, banded killifish, blacknose shiner, bluntnose minnow, central mudminnow, golden shiner, Iowa darter, Johnny darter, least darter, and tadpole madtom.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 564 people, 211 households, and 155 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.0 PD/sqmi. There were 271 housing units at an average density of 7.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.70% White, 0.18% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 1.06% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.30% of the population.

There were 211 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 2.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $40,278, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $31,458 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,762. About 5.2% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 27.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Bruce Township, Todd County, Minnesota


text:
Second College Grant, New Hampshire

Second College Grant (also known as the Dartmouth College Grant) is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The area of this township is owned and controlled by Dartmouth College. As of the 2020 census, the grant had a population of one.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, purchases, and townships (which are different from towns) are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

Trails and cabins are available for use by the Dartmouth community, and are maintained by the Dartmouth Outing Club and Dartmouth's Outdoor Programs Office. The DOC maintains three cabins available for rent by DOC members (Peaks, Alder Brook, and Stoddard), and the OPO maintains seven cabins for use by Dartmouth-affiliated individuals and their guests. Many freshmen spend a few days in the grant as part of their freshmen trips just before freshman orientation. The grant is also used for timber production, but forest-friendly, sustainable practices are employed.

Geography
The grant is bounded by the Maine border to the east, Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant to the north, Dix's Grant to the west, and Wentworth Location to the south. One of the other contemporaneous "Dartmouth" grants was to the north of Dixville but was annexed as the eastern end of Clarksville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the grant has a total area of 108.4 sqkm, of which 107.1 sqkm are land and 1.3 sqkm, or 1.21%, are water. The highest point is a 2840 ft knoll just west of Mount Tucker. Two rivers, the Dead Diamond and the Swift Diamond, flow through and join together in the Second College Grant. The Dead Diamond then flows into the Magalloway River in the southeastern corner of the grant. The entire grant is part of the Androscoggin River watershed.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant (north)
 * Lincoln, Maine (east)
 * North Oxford, Maine (southeast)
 * Wentworth Location (south)
 * Dix's Grant (west)

History
In 1766, New Hampshire Governor John Wentworth promised Eleazar Wheelock a grant of a township on which to build Dartmouth College. In 1770, a month after Wheelock received the royal charter, the governor granted the college the township of Landaff (east of present-day Woodsville, New Hampshire), but Wheelock, after viewing the land and others under consideration, decided to establish the college in Hanover. After the American Revolution the college lost its claim to Landaff in 1791, because of the grant's royal derivation and rival claims by American settlers in Landaff.

While the Landaff case underwent litigation to resolve the rival claims, Vermont (then meeting in Norwich) came to the aid of the college and granted it the township of Wheelock (northwest of St. Johnsbury) in 1785. The college divided the town into 100 acre lots and leased these to settlers. Over the years the college has sold most of the lots to meet financial needs but still holds title to some properties in the town.

In 1789, New Hampshire, anticipating the college's loss of the Landaff Grant, made good on its original promise of a grant with the town of Clarksville (in northern New Hampshire). This is considered the First College Grant, as it was intended to replace the loss of the original Landaff Grant. The college sold most of this land in the first two years, and had sold off the rest by 1872.

The sale of the Clarksville Grant properties proved to be inadequate, and the college petitioned the state for an additional grant in 1792. Several proposals were made in the legislature, but it wasn't until 1807 that the state responded with the Second College Grant. The lands of the Second College Grant proved to be unattractive to settlers, but sale of timber provided a small but steady income to the college over the next century and a half.

In 1947, Robert S. Monahan was hired as College Forester to oversee the College Grant, and since that time the multiple use philosophy of forest management has been formalized. As a result, the recreational and education concepts have become a prominent part of the grant's management, with untold opportunities for use by the Dartmouth community.

In 1970, Monahan retired, and cutting operations were suspended while a committee, named by the Trustees of the College in 1968 in anticipation of Monahan's retirement, evaluated the existing policies. The Prentiss & Carlisle Company of Bangor, Maine, subsequently prepared a management plan which was transmitted to the college by the committee in early January 1970. This was adopted and referred to as the 10-20 Year Plan, with provisions for an annual sustained yield cut of approximately 4,000 cords per year for the following twenty years. The Seven Islands Land Company of Bangor was retained by the college to oversee forestry management and to implement the Prentiss & Carlisle plan.

It was at this same time that Al Merrill was named Director of Outdoor Affairs and given responsibility for recreational and educational use of the Second College Grant along with oversight of the Moosilauke Ravine Lodge and the Dartmouth Outing Club.

In 1976 evidence of an increase in the spruce budworm had already reached epidemic proportions in Maine and Canada. In response to this blight, the College imposed a two-year moratorium on logging while a plan was developed. In 1978 the College implemented a salvage operation designed to remove the dead fir while saving as much spruce and hardwood as possible. The salvage operation lasted until 1986, at which time the remaining standing dead fir had decayed beyond use.

Once again the harvesting activity was halted while the College took stock of its forest resources and considered its future management options. Seven Islands Land Company conducted a timber cruise survey and used the growth and inventory data to prepare a new 10-20 year management plan. A consensus was reached that the college would be better served by having its own forester. A decision was then made to release Seven Islands Land company of its forest management responsibilities on the College Grant and to once again employ a College Forester, Edward Witt.

After carefully analyzing the data prepared by Seven Islands, Witt decided that the annual growth rate of the forest would allow for a sustainable annual cut of 6,000 cords. The forest plan was modified to allow harvesting as much as 10,000 cords for ten years in an effort to remove the poorer quality trees and improve the overall quality of the forest. This would be followed by several years of cutting lesser volumes but higher quality trees. Further, because the forest is managed for the benefit of wildlife, cutting operations were modified to reflect that policy. Since 1987, the forest has been managed accordingly, with the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department actively involved in the location, design, and methodology of the harvesting activity.

In 2019, Hell Gate Gorge cabin, built in 1974, burned down due to a chimney fire. Former Democratic candidate for New Hampshire governor, Colin Van Ostern, was staying in the cabin with several other guests during the incident.

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, there was one person recorded living in the grant. In 1930, there were 17 people living in the grant; the population has been less than 10 since then and zero for the three censuses prior to 2020.

title: Second College Grant, New Hampshire


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Shelburne, New Hampshire

Shelburne is a town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 353 at the 2020 census. It is located in the White Mountains, and part of the White Mountain National Forest is in the south. Shelburne is home to Leadmine State Forest. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town.

Shelburne is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
First granted in 1769 by Governor John Wentworth, the town was named for William Petty Fitzmaurice, Earl of Shelburne. He was a supporter of independence for the American colonies, and at his insistence, King George III recognized the independence of the United States. The town was first settled in 1771, and incorporated on December 13, 1820, when Shelburne voters chose to keep the name. It included "Shelburne Addition", that was set off and incorporated in 1836 as Gorham.

On August 3, 1781, the town was attacked by a party of six Indians, who had earlier raided Bethel and Gilead, Maine. They killed one man and took another into captivity. The rest of the inhabitants fled to Hark Hill, where they spent the night before sheltering in Fryeburg.

Shelburne provided excellent soil for farming on either side of the Androscoggin River, but not far from the stream it becomes mountainous. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad, which opened to Gorham on July 23, 1851, and later became the Grand Trunk Railway, passed through the southern part of the town. In 1859, the population was 480.

Located at the northern end of the Mount Washington Valley, Shelburne has a beautiful grove of birch trees, popular with artists and photographers, dedicated to the town's soldiers who served in World War II.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 126.3 km2, of which 124.1 sqkm are land and 2.2 sqkm are water, comprising 1.73% of the town. Shelburne is drained by the Androscoggin River. Part of the Mahoosuc Range is in the north, while the northern end of the Carter-Moriah Range is to the south. The highest point in Shelburne is on the town's southern boundary at 3970 ft above sea level, just a few steps north of the 4049 ft summit of Mount Moriah.

The town is crossed by U.S. Route 2.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Success (north)
 * North Oxford, Maine (northeast)
 * Gilead, Maine (east)
 * South Oxford, Maine (southeast)
 * Bean's Purchase (south)
 * Gorham (west)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 379 people, 156 households, and 114 families living in the town. The population density was 7.9 people per square mile (3.1/km$2$). There were 197 housing units at an average density of 4.1 per square mile (1.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.36% White, 0.26% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population.

There were 156 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.9% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 34.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $44,375, and the median income for a family was $59,375. Males had a median income of $36,000 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,899. About 2.9% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Matt Bevin (born 1967), businessperson, governor of Kentucky (R; 2015–2019)
 * John M. Philbrook (1840–1923), Maine legislator
 * Anne Whitney (1821–1915), American sculptor, poet

title: Shelburne, New Hampshire


text:
Stark, New Hampshire

Stark is a town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 478 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 556 tabulated in 2010. It has a famous covered bridge. The town includes the villages of Percy and Crystal as well as the village of Stark, located on the Upper Ammonoosuc River. New Hampshire Route 110 runs through Stark, east from U.S. Highway 3 in Groveton and northwest from Route 16 in Berlin. Much of the town is within the boundaries of the White Mountain National Forest.

Stark is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Granted in 1774, Stark was originally named "Percy", after Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland. The town was incorporated in 1795, and renamed "Stark" in 1832, after General John Stark, who wrote the words that became New Hampshire's motto, "Live Free or Die".

World War II POW camp
In early 1944, the remains of a former Civilian Conservation Corps camp in the town were converted to form Camp Stark, which held about 250 German POWs. This was the only World War II POW camp located in New Hampshire. Most of the men in the camp performed hard labor in the nearby forests, supplying wood for the paper mills in Berlin, New Hampshire. Some of the men eventually came back to live in the United States and Canada after the war ended, and the camp was closed in 1946.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 154.7 sqkm, of which 152.3 sqkm are land and 2.4 sqkm are water, comprising 1.53% of the town. The town includes the eastern edge of the Pilot Range in the White Mountains, including several peaks higher than 3000 ft above sea level. The highest point in Stark is 3730 ft Mount Hutchins, on the border with Northumberland.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Odell (north)
 * Dummer (east)
 * Milan (southeast)
 * Kilkenny (south)
 * Lancaster (south)
 * Northumberland (west)
 * Stratford (northwest)

Demographics
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

As of the census of 2000, there were 516 people, 194 households, and 147 families residing in the town. The population density was 8.7 people per square mile (3.4/km$2$). There were 384 housing units at an average density of 6.5 per square mile (2.5/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.48% White, 1.36% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.

There were 194 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,946, and the median income for a family was $40,089. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $24,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,168. About 2.5% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Stark, New Hampshire


text:
Stewartstown, New Hampshire

Stewartstown is a town in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 813 at the 2020 census, down from 1,004 at the 2010 census. It includes the village of West Stewartstown and is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Stewartstown was granted in 1770 and incorporated in 1795. Originally named "Stuart" after Sir John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, it was incorporated as "Stewartstown" after the Revolutionary War, following the original Scottish spelling of the name.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 121.4 sqkm, of which 119.8 sqkm are land and 1.6 sqkm are water, comprising 1.30% of the town. The highest point is the summit of Sugar Hill, at 2985 ft above sea level, near the town's southeastern corner. The 45th parallel north passes through the town.

The primary settlement in the town is the village of West Stewartstown on U.S. Route 3 along the Connecticut River, opposite the town of Canaan, Vermont. Stewartstown village is one mile northeast of West Stewartstown, along Route 3 and opposite the village of Beecher Falls, Vermont. To the east, the village of Stewartstown Hollow is closer to the geographic center of the town, along New Hampshire Route 145.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Clarksville (north)
 * Dixville (east)
 * Colebrook (south)
 * Canaan, Vermont (west)

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 1,012 people, 371 households, and 241 families living in the town. The population density was 21.8 people per square mile (8.4/km$2$). There were 760 housing units at an average density of 16.4 per square mile (6.3/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 99.11% White, 0.10% Native American, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.10%.

Of the 371 households 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 27.8% of households were one person and 9.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.91.

The age distribution was 23.1% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.

The median household income was $30,700 and the median family income was $34,911. Males had a median income of $29,286 versus $21,313 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,231. About 9.0% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Metallak (c. 1727–1847), Androscoggin elder (burial place)

title: Stewartstown, New Hampshire


text:
Stratford, New Hampshire

Stratford is a town located on the Connecticut River in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 662 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 746 tabulated in 2010. Within the town are the villages of North Stratford, Stratford Hollow, and Beatties. U.S. Route 3 passes through the center of town, as does the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad, formerly a part of the Grand Trunk Railway.

Stratford is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The Janice Peaslee Bridge connects Stratford to Maidstone, Vermont.

History
Originally granted in 1762 with the name "Woodbury", the town was regranted as Stratford in 1773.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 206.6 sqkm, of which 205.2 sqkm are land and 1.4 sqkm are water, comprising 0.66% of the town.

The highest point in Stratford is the summit of Sugarloaf, at 3700 ft above sea level.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Columbia (north)
 * Odell (east)
 * Stark (southeast)
 * Northumberland (south)
 * Maidstone, Vermont (southwest)
 * Brunswick, Vermont (west)
 * Bloomfield, Vermont (northwest)

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 942 people, 397 households, and 235 families living in the town. The population density was 11.8 people per square mile (4.6/km$2$). There were 540 housing units at an average density of 6.8 per square mile (2.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 95.75% White, 1.27% Native American, 0.11% from other races, and 2.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74%.

Of the 397 households 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.8% were non-families. 32.0% of households were one person and 10.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.03.

The age distribution was 23.8% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.

The median household income was $28,594 and the median family income was $33,295. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $21,488 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,783. About 10.7% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Mary R. Platt Hatch (1848–1935), author

title: Stratford, New Hampshire


text:
Talk:The 39 Steps

Moved
I made The Thirty-Nine Steps the main page, with The 39 Steps redirected to it. This is because the title of Buchan' book had the number spelled in words (I checked the cover of a Penguin Classics paperback). However, I have seen posters for the Hitchcock film with the number written as "39", so there is some justification for the numerical version. If I get time, I shall research this further. Perhaps we need two articles, one with the long version of the title to discuss the book, and another with the short version to discuss the film(s). --Heron 01:20, October 22, 2002 (PST)

Turned from redirect to disambig
As more articles got added, 39 Steps became synonymous with two films, and a 2006-planned remake. Used "see also" section as suggested on MoS:DP —Fitch 08:37, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

I'm with the band
Any fans know what city 39 Steps is from? Trekphiler 11:49, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Robert Zemeckis' The 39 Steps
Untitled The 39 Steps Reboot Directed/Written by Robert Zemeckis Produced by Sir Ridley Scott Music by Alan Silvestri 148.252.133.215 (talk) 14:58, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:The 39 Steps


text:
Forest Lake, Minnesota

Forest Lake is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States, located 27 miles northeast of Saint Paul. The population was 20,611 at the 2020 census.

History
Forest Lake began as a stop on the St. Paul and Duluth Railroad. The first train reached Forest Lake on December 23, 1868. The lake was so named for the abundant timber that lines its shores. Forest Lake Township was organized on March 11, 1874. The first one-room school was built that year at the former location of city hall (220 N. Lake Street). The city of Forest Lake was incorporated on July 11, 1893 with 175 residents. In 2001, the city annexed the surrounding former Forest Lake Township.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.54 sqmi; 30.56 sqmi is land and 4.98 sqmi is water.

Demographics
Median household income for 2017 was $76,904. Average household income was $93,296. Per capita income was $35,334.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 18,375 people, 7,014 households, and 5,044 families residing in the city. The population density was 601.3 PD/sqmi. There were 7,508 housing units at an average density of 245.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.7% White, 1.1% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of the population.

There were 7,014 households, of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.1% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 37.4 years. 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.1% were from 25 to 44; 27.7% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

Politics
Forest Lake is located in Minnesota's 6th congressional district.
 * Mayor: Mara Bain
 * Council: Sam Husnik, Hanna Valento, Leif Erickson, Blake Roberts
 * City Administrator: Open position
 * State Senator: Karin Housley
 * State Representative: Josiah Hill

Public schools
The Forest Lake Area school system includes eight elementary sites, one middle school site, and one high school site. There are also two independent districts, North Lakes Academy and Lakes International Language Academy.

Elementary schools (grades K–6)

 * Columbus (K–6)
 * Forest Lake (4–6)
 * Forest View (K–3)
 * Lakes International Language Academy (K–5)
 * Lino Lakes (K–6 STEM)
 * Linwood (K–6)
 * North Lakes Academy (K–5)
 * St. Peter Catholic School (preschool–8)
 * Scandia (K–6)
 * Wyoming (preschool–6)

Secondary schools (grades 6–12)

 * Forest Lake Area High School (grades 9–12)
 * Forest Lake Area Middle School (grades 7–8)
 * North Lakes Academy (grades 6–12)
 * Lakes International Language Academy (grades 6–12)
 * St. Peter Catholic School (grades 7–8)

Media
The first newspaper, The Enterprise, was printed in 1903. It was changed in 1907 to The Forest Lake Advertiser and later to The Forest Lake Times, in 1916, as it remains to this day. The Forest Lake Lowdown is another local paper.

Arts and entertainment, journalists, writers

 * Dan Andersson, Swedish author, poet and composer, lived in Forest Lake in 1902.
 * John Caddy, poet and naturalist is a resident of Forest Lake.
 * Douglas Harper, sociologist, author, photographer, is a resident of Forest Lake.
 * Rich Matteson, jazz artist, educator, was born in Forest Lake.
 * H. Keith Melton, author, is a resident of Forest Lake.
 * Carol Muske-Dukes, poet and novelist, grew up in Forest Lake.
 * Terry Redlin, popular American artist, lived in Forest Lake in the 1960s.
 * Anni Rossi, singer, violist and keyboardist and recording artist
 * Christopher Sieber, two-time Tony Award nominated actor
 * Jordis Unga, is a rock singer, songwriter and performer.

Politics and public service

 * Elmer L. Andersen, 30th governor of Minnesota, was a resident of Forest Lake.
 * James B. Bullard, chief executive officer and president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
 * Arne Carlson, former Governor of Minnesota, is a former resident of Forest Lake.
 * Pete Hegseth, Fox News Channel contributor, raised in Forest Lake
 * William Rush Merriam, served as Governor of Minnesota from 1889 to 1893
 * Walter Mondale, former vice president of the United States, was a former resident of Forest Lake.
 * Doug Swenson, Minnesota state representative, lawyer, and judge

Newsmakers

 * T. Eugene Thompson, attorney, summer resident who hired a hit man to kill his wife in St. Paul.
 * Bugs Moran, Chicago Prohibition-era gangster, lived in Forest Lake in the 1930s.

Sports

 * Rick Bayless, 1986 All-Big 10 and Minnesota Vikings running back
 * Brandon Girtz, mixed martial artist, born and raised in Forest Lake
 * Bud Grant, Hall of Fame football coach, lived in Forest Lake in the 1950s
 * Nora Greenwald (aka Molly Holly), former WWE world champion pro wrestler
 * Adam Haayer, National Football League player, graduate of Forest Lake Area High School
 * Hal Haskins, basketball player, lived in Forest Lake
 * Wilfred T. Houle, National Football League player
 * Dave Menne, former Ultimate Fighting Championship middleweight champion
 * Dick Nesbitt, National Football League running back
 * Leif Nordgren, two-time Winter Olympic Games biathlon competitor
 * Bud Nygren, professional football player and college coach
 * Arron Oberholser, professional golfer, was a former resident
 * Brian Raabe, former major league baseball player
 * Jack Trudeau, former quarterback, was born in Forest Lake in 1962
 * Matt Wallner, Minnesota Twins outfielder

title: Forest Lake, Minnesota


text:
Thompson and Meserve's Purchase, New Hampshire

Thompson and Meserve's Purchase is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. The purchase lies entirely within the White Mountain National Forest. As of the 2020 census, the population of the purchase was one.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

Thompson and Meserve's Purchase is notable for encompassing the northern slope of Mount Washington, including a large portion of the Mount Washington Auto Road and Cog Railway.

History
Thompson and Meserve's Purchase was sold by Commissioner Willey to Samuel W. Thompson of Conway and George P. Meserve of Jackson, New Hampshire, in 1835 for $500.

Geography
The purchase is situated just north of the summit of Mount Washington and includes much of the northern Presidential Range, including Mount Adams, the second highest mountain in New Hampshire at 5774 ft, and Mount Jefferson, the third highest peak at 5712 ft. The highest point in the purchase is 6000 ft above sea level on the slope of Chandler Ridge, just north of the summit of Mount Washington. To the east of the Presidential peaks lies the Great Gulf, a deep glacial cirque. The Appalachian Trail crosses the purchase, close to the crest of the Presidential Range.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the purchase has a total area of 48.0 km2, of which 1239 sqm, or 0.003%, are water. The west side of the purchase is drained by the headwaters of the Ammonoosuc River, including its tributaries Clay Brook and Jefferson Brook, while the northwest corner of the purchase is drained by streams that flow north to the Israel River. Both the Ammonoosuc and the Israel River are part of the Connecticut River watershed. The east side of the purchase is drained by the West Branch of the Peabody River, coming out of the Great Gulf and part of the Androscoggin River watershed.

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, there was one person recorded to be living in the purchase.


text:
Wentworth Location, New Hampshire

Wentworth Location is a township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. Its population was 28 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county that are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).

Wentworth Location fell within the path of totality during the solar eclipse of April 8, 2024.

History
The land was sold in 1797 to George Wentworth of Portsmouth and operated as an unorganized "plantation" from 1797 to 1881. It was incorporated as a town from 1881 to 1966, then became an organized township.

Geography
Wentworth Location is along the border with Maine and north of the town of Errol, east of Dixville. To the north is the Second College Grant. The Magalloway River traverses the southeastern corner, as does New Hampshire Route 16. Mount Dustan, elevation 2878 ft above sea level, is the location's highest point and overlooks the village from the west. Black Mountain, elevation 2750 ft is in the more remote western edge of the location. At one point there was a fire tower on Mount Dustan.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the location has a total area of 49.9 sqkm, of which 47.5 sqkm are land and 2.4 sqkm, or 4.79%, are water.

Adjacent Municipalities

 * Second College Grant (north)
 * North Oxford, Maine (east)
 * Errol (south)
 * Millsfield (southwest)
 * Dixville (west)
 * Dix's Grant (northwest)

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 44 people, 20 households, and 13 families living in the location. The population density was 2.3 people per square mile (0.9/km2). There were 109 housing units at an average density of 5.8 per square mile (2.2/km2). The racial makeup of the location was 90.91% White, and 9.09% from two or more races.

There were 20 households, out of which 15.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the location the population was spread out, with 15.9% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 38.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.3 males.

The median income for a household in the location was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $46,667 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the location was $37,237. 8.2% of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

title: Wentworth Location, New Hampshire


text:
Butterfield, Minnesota

Butterfield is a city in Watonwan County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 601 at the 2020 census.

History
Butterfield was platted in 1872. Butterfield developed as a railroad town and was incorporated on April 5, 1885. The community was named for William Butterfield, the original owner of the town site.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.45 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 586 people, 220 households, and 149 families residing in the city. The population density was 1302.2 PD/sqmi. There were 238 housing units at an average density of 528.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 72.7% White, 0.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 7.3% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 17.1% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.6% of the population.

There were 220 households, of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.21.

The median age in the city was 35 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 12% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 16.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.7% male and 49.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 564 people, 232 households, and 152 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,289.9 PD/sqmi. There were 235 housing units at an average density of 537.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.17% White, 7.27% Asian, 5.32% from other races, and 1.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.07% of the population.

There were 232 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,904, and the median income for a family was $38,482. Males had a median income of $27,212 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,177. About 6.1% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

Annual cultural events
The Butterfield Steam and Gas Engine Show is held annually the third full weekend in August. The event made its debut in 1967, and attracts an estimated 15,000 people each year.

Transportation
Minnesota State Highway 60 serves as a main route in the community.

The junction of Union Pacific Railroad's Worthington Subdivision and Fairmont Subdivision is just to the east of city limits in adjacent Butterfield Township.

Government
Butterfield is located within Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican, Jim Hagedorn.

Notable people

 * Herman Becker Fast (1887–1938), Minnesota state legislator, farmer, and businessman, lived in Butterfield.
 * Bruce Laingen (1922–2019), United States diplomat, was born in Butterfield.

title: Butterfield, Minnesota


text:
Alexandria, New Hampshire

Alexandria is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,776 at the 2020 census, up from 1,613 at the 2010 census. Newfound Lake is in the northeast corner, with Wellington State Park on the western shore. The town is home to Welton Falls State Forest. Cardigan Mountain State Park, with Mount Cardigan, is in the west. Another attraction is Mowglis Mountain, named for Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book hero.

History
Granted in 1753 by the Masonian Proprietors, the town was named for Alexandria, Virginia, location of a 1755 conference of governors early in the French and Indian War. Alexandria was granted to Joseph Butterfield and others, March 13, 1757. First settled in 1769 by John Moore Corliss and his brother Jonathan, it was incorporated by the New Hampshire General Court on November 23, 1782. Danbury was set off and incorporated in 1795.

Although farmers found parts of the terrain mountainous, other parts were level intervales suited for cultivation. By 1859, when the population was 1,273, agriculture was a chief occupation. The town also had a carriage maker, nine sawmills and three gristmills.

Alexandria was the birthplace of Luther C. Ladd (1843–1861), the first enlisted soldier to lose his life in the Civil War, shot during the Baltimore Riot. Also born here was Louise Lamprey (1869-1951), prolific author of books for children. Today, the town is home to Cardigan Lodge, the Appalachian Mountain Club facility at the base of Mount Cardigan.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 112.3 km2, of which 111.8 km2 are land and 0.5 km2 are water, comprising 0.47% of the town. Alexandria is drained by the Fowler River, an east-flowing tributary of Newfound Lake. The Smith River forms part of the southern border of the town. All water bodies in the town eventually flow to the Pemigewasset River, part of the Merrimack River watershed. Mount Cardigan, elevation 3121 ft, is on the western boundary of the town. The summit is in the town of Orange, while the highest point in Alexandria is on the Firescrew ridge to the north, where the elevation reaches 3040 ft.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,329 people, 504 households, and 386 families residing in the town. The population density was 30.9 PD/sqmi. There were 783 housing units at an average density of 18.2 per square mile (7.0/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.82% White, 0.08% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.38% Asian, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.23% of the population.

There were 504 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,667, and the median income for a family was $45,938. Males had a median income of $31,367 versus $25,163 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,323. About 4.7% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education
Alexandria is within the Newfound Area School District. The district's secondary schools are Newfound Memorial Middle School, and Newfound Regional High School in Bristol.

title: Alexandria, New Hampshire


text:
Ashland, New Hampshire

Ashland is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,938 at the 2020 census, down from 2,076 at the 2010 census. Located near the geographical center of the state, Ashland is home to Scribner-Fellows State Forest.

The main village of the town, where 1,082 people lived at the 2020 census, is defined as the Ashland census-designated place (CDP) and is located at the junction of U.S. Route 3 and New Hampshire Route 25 with NH Route 132.

History
Ashland was once the southwestern corner of Holderness, chartered in 1751 by colonial Governor Benning Wentworth. But hostilities during the French and Indian War delayed settlement, and in 1761, it was regranted as "New Holderness" (although "New" would be dropped in 1816). Settled in 1763, the town was predominantly agricultural except for Holderness Village on the Squam River, with falls that drop about 112 ft before meeting the Pemigewasset River. The falls provided water power for mills, and in 1770–1771, a sawmill and gristmill were built. The Squam Lake Woolen Mill was established in 1840. Goods manufactured at local factories included hosiery, gloves, sporting equipment, wood products and paper.

The Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad entered in 1849, carrying freight but also tourists bound for hotels on the Squam Lakes, to which they traveled by steamer up the Squam River. The interests of the industrialized settlement increasingly diverged from those of the farming community, however, and in 1868 Holderness Village was set off as Ashland, named for Ashland, the Kentucky estate of Henry Clay. The last textile mill, the L.W. Packard Company, would close in 2002, and Ashland is today a residential and resort community.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 30.5 sqkm, of which 29.1 sqkm are land and 1.4 sqkm are water, comprising 4.63 of the town. Bounded on the west by the Pemigewasset River, Ashland is drained by the Squam River and Owl Brook. Little Squam Lake is on the eastern boundary. The highest point in Ashland is Hicks Hill, at 1386 ft above sea level. Ashland lies fully within the Merrimack River watershed.

The town is served by Interstate 93, U.S. Route 3, and state routes 25, 132 and 175.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,076 people, 980 households, and 522 families residing in the town. There were 1,355 housing units, of which 375, or 27.7%, were vacant. 267 of the vacant units were for seasonal or recreational use. The racial makeup of the town was 96.1% white, 0.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race, and 1.7% from two or more races. Of the population 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 980 households, 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.8% were headed by married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.7% were non-families. Of all households 35.8% were made up of individuals, and 14.1% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12, and the average family size was 2.77.

In the town, 17.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.7% were from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.

For the period 2011–2015, the estimated median annual income for a household was $45,938, and the median income for a family was $52,106. Male full-time workers had a median income of $37,695 versus $27,130 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,620. Of the population, 13.8% of the people and 8.6% of families were below the poverty line. Of the population 17.7% under the age of 18 and 9.0% of those 65 or older were living in poverty.

Sites of interest

 * Ashland Railroad Station (c. 1869, 1891)
 * Pauline E. Glidden Toy Museum (c. 1810)
 * Whipple House Museum (1837)
 * St. Mark's Episcopal Church, 1899

Notable people

 * James Frankland Briggs (1827–1905), US congressman
 * Moses Cheney (1793–1875), abolitionist; member of the Underground Railroad
 * Oren B. Cheney (1816–1903), founder of Bates College
 * Person C. Cheney (1828–1901), US senator and the 43rd governor of New Hampshire
 * George Hoyt Whipple (1878–1976), pathologist; Nobel Prize winner

title: Ashland, New Hampshire


text:
Bath, New Hampshire

Bath is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,077 at the 2020 census, unchanged from the 2010 census. Now a tourist destination and commuter town for Littleton, the town is noted for its historic architecture, including the Brick Store and three covered bridges. Bath includes the village of Swiftwater and part of the district known as Mountain Lakes.

History
The town was granted to the Rev. Andrew Gardner and 61 others on September 10, 1761, by Governor Benning Wentworth, who named it for William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath. It was first settled in 1765 by John Herriman from Haverhill, Massachusetts. But the terms of the original grant were unfulfilled, so Bath was regranted on March 29, 1769, by Governor John Wentworth. The first census, taken in 1790, recorded 493 residents.

Situated at the head of navigation on the Connecticut River, and shielded from strong winds by the Green Mountains to the west and White Mountains to the east, Bath soon developed into "...one of the busiest and most prosperous villages in northern New Hampshire." Intervales provided excellent alluvial soil for agriculture, and the Ammonoosuc and Wild Ammonoosuc rivers supplied water power for mills. The population reached 1,627 in 1830, when 550 sheep grazed the hillsides. A vein of copper was mined. The White Mountains Railroad up the Ammonoosuc River valley opened August 1, 1853, shipping Bath's lumber, potatoes, livestock and wood pulp. By 1859, the town had two gristmills and two sawmills. Other industries would include a woolen mill, creamery, distillery and two starch factories.

A disastrous fire swept through Bath village on February 1, 1872, destroying the Congregational church, Bath Hotel and several dwelling houses. The church was rebuilt in 1873. By 1874, Bath was served by the Boston, Concord and Montreal and White Mountains (N.H.) Railroad.

But nearby Woodsville in the town of Haverhill developed into a major railroad junction, and the region's commercial center shifted there. By 1886, once thriving Bath was described as in decay. But this economic dormancy of the Victorian era preserved much early architecture in the village, particularly in the Federal and Greek Revival styles. The Brick Store, built in 1824 and designed by Alexander Parris, dominated the town center until its closure in 2020. Bath's Upper Village features a cluster of Federal-style houses based on the handbook designs of architect Asher Benjamin.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 99.9 sqkm, of which 97.7 sqkm are land and 2.2 sqkm are water, comprising 2.23% of the town. The Connecticut River forms the western boundary of the town; the Ammonoosuc and Wild Ammonoosuc rivers flow through the town. Bath lies fully within the Connecticut River watershed. The highest points in Bath are a trio of knobs on Gardner Mountain, all found near the northernmost point in town and all measuring slightly greater than 1980 ft above sea level.

Geologically, Bath is located at the northernmost extent of former Lake Hitchcock, a post-glacial lake that shaped the Connecticut River valley from this point south to Middletown, Connecticut.

The town is crossed by U.S. Route 302 and New Hampshire Route 112. The village of Swiftwater is located along Route 112, near the town's boundary with Haverhill.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 893 people, 350 households, and 253 families residing in the town. The population density was 23.4 PD/sqmi. There were 450 housing units at an average density of 11.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.33% White, 0.22% African American, 0.22% Native American, and 0.22% from two or more races.

There were 350 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,088, and the median income for a family was $47,000. Males had a median income of $27,679 versus $22,167 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,916. About 2.8% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.5% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest
Notable sites within Bath include:
 * The Brick Store (NRHP, 1985)

 * Covered bridges:
 * Bath Covered Bridge (NRHP, 1976)
 * Haverhill–Bath Covered Bridge (NRHP, 1977)
 * Swiftwater Covered Bridge (NRHP, 1976)
 * Goodall-Woods Law Office (NRHP, 1980)
 * Jeremiah Hutchins Tavern (NRHP, 1984)
 * New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 121: Bath, New Hampshire
 * New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 217: Bath Bridge

Notable people

 * Timothy Bedel (1737–1787), mill owner, military commander
 * Raymond S. Burton (1939–2013), longest-serving Executive Councilor in New Hampshire history
 * Henry Hancock (1822–1883), lawyer, land surveyor
 * Harry Hibbard (1816–1872), US congressman
 * James Hutchins Johnson (1802–1887), businessman, militia officer, US congressman
 * Patti Page (1927–2013), singer
 * E. Carleton Sprague (1822–1895), former New York state senator
 * Lillian Carpenter Streeter (1854–1935), social reformer, clubwoman, author

title: Bath, New Hampshire


text:
Benton, New Hampshire

Benton is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 374 at the 2020 census. Located in the White Mountains, Benton is largely surrounded by the White Mountain National Forest. The town is crossed by the Appalachian Trail.

History
The town was granted by Governor Benning Wentworth on January 31, 1764, to Theophilus Fitch and others. It was named "Coventry" after Coventry, Connecticut, hometown to many of the settlers, who arrived shortly after the beginning of the Revolution. At the suggestion of Governor Isaac Hill, the name was changed on December 4, 1840, to Benton, in honor of Thomas Hart Benton, the Missouri senator who championed American westward expansion.

With a rough and mountainous terrain, the town was not suited for agriculture. But Benton had water power sites and abundant forests. By 1859, when the population was 478, there were five sawmills producing a large quantity of lumber. The Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad ran through the town, which once included the village of Glencliff.

Atop Mount Moosilauke in 1860 was built the Prospect House, later renamed the Tip Top House, a stone hotel with accommodations for 35 hikers. A carriage road was built to the summit in 1870, so the hotel was enlarged in 1872 to accommodate 50 guests. In 1920, the hotel and land were given to Dartmouth College, but in 1942, the Tip Top House burned.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 125.4 km2, of which 124.8 km2 are land and 0.6 km2 are water, comprising 0.47% of the town. It is drained primarily by Oliverian Brook and the Wild Ammonoosuc River; the Baker River drains the southeastern corner. The Oliverian Brook and Wild Ammonoosuc portion of the town is within the Connecticut River watershed, while the small part in the southeastern corner is in the Merrimack River watershed. The highest point in town is the summit of Mount Moosilauke, at 4802 ft above sea level.

The northern corner of Benton is crossed by New Hampshire Route 116.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Benton has a warm-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Benton was 95 F on July 15, 1995, while the coldest temperature recorded was -29 F on January 27, 1994.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 314 people, 91 households, and 59 families residing in the town. The population density was 6.5 PD/sqmi. There were 155 housing units at an average density of 3.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.45% White, 0.32% Asian, and 2.23% from two or more races.

There were 91 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 32.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,167, and the median income for a family was $40,417. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,220. About 3.8% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Benton, New Hampshire


text:
St. Charles, Minnesota

St. Charles is a city in Winona County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,990 at the 2020 census, up from 3,735 in 2010. It promotes itself as the gateway to Whitewater State Park, which is located 7 mi north of the city on Minnesota State Highway 74.

History
St. Charles was laid out in 1854, and named for Saint Charles Borromeo (1538–1584), an Italian saint and cardinal. A post office has been in operation at St. Charles since 1855. St. Charles was incorporated in 1870.

The city was evacuated on April 17, 2009, when a large fire at North Star Foods, a poultry processing plant, threatened anhydrous ammonia tanks. Residents were allowed to return the next day.

Three properties in St. Charles are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the 1874 Trinity Episcopal Church, the 1876 St. Charles City Bakery, and the 1890s Whitewater Avenue Commercial Historic District.

Geography and transportation
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.86 sqmi, all land.

U.S. Highway 14 bisects the city from east to west, as does the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad. Minnesota State Highway 74 goes through the city from south to north, running along Whitewater Avenue, also known as Main Street. A freeway entrance to Interstate 90 is immediately south of the city.

The Whitewater River runs through the northern part of the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,735 people, 1,416 households, and 985 families living in the city. The population density was 967.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,532 housing units at an average density of 396.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.8% White, 0.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.5% Asian, 3.0% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.8% of the population.

There were 1,416 households, of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.15.

The median age in the city was 35.8 years. 28% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 22.8% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,295 people, 1,238 households, and 870 families living in the city. The population density was 1,005.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,276 housing units at an average density of 389.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.62% White, 0.97% African American, 0.27% Native American, 3.61% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 2.70% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.95% of the population.

There were 1,238 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,813, and the median income for a family was $50,375. Males had a median income of $31,653 versus $23,173 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,727. About 7.5% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
St. Charles is part of the St. Charles Public Schools and houses both the elementary and St. Charles High School. There is also St. Charles Public Library.

Art and culture
The annual city festival is Gladiolus Days which is always held the weekend before labor day in August. It honors the late Carl H. Fischer, a local resident who developed many varieties of that flower. Fischer created a business called Noweta Gardens which developed hundreds of different varieties of Gladiolus. The community gained the title of "Gladiolus Capitol of the World".

Notable people

 * Erastus Milo Cravath (1833–1900), field secretary with the American Missionary Association, spent his last years at St. Charles
 * P/O Arthur Donahue (1913–1942), pilot who fought with the Royal Air Force and died during the Battle of Britain in the Second World War.
 * George W. Kiefer (1891–1943), lawyer and Minnesota state legislator
 * Carl H. Fischer (1907–2005), floriculturalist
 * Brad Nessler, CBS college sports commentator

title: St. Charles, Minnesota


text:
Bethlehem, New Hampshire

Bethlehem is a hillside town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,484 at the 2020 census. It is home to Cushman and Strawberry Hill state forests. The eastern half of the town is within the White Mountain National Forest. The Appalachian Trail crosses a small portion of the town in the south.

The main village of the town, where 826 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Bethlehem census-designated place (CDP), and is located at the junction of U.S. Route 302 with New Hampshire Route 142. The town also includes the villages of Maplewood and Pierce Bridge.

History

Granted as "Lloyd's Hills" in 1774 by colonial Governor John Wentworth, the town was named for James Lloyd of Boston. It was the last of the provincial grants in New Hampshire. In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, the original grant could not be found. Lack of documentation deterred settlement until 1787, when the first permanent houses were built. Dropping its homage to Lloyd, a Loyalist, the town was incorporated as "Bethlehem" on December 27, 1799, the name having been selected on Christmas Day. There were just 33 families, with agriculture the only industry.

By 1850, the population had grown to 950, and the town contained a gristmill, five large sawmills, and two starch factories. In 1867, the railroad came to Bethlehem Junction. With it traveled tourists from Boston, New York and elsewhere, many to avoid respiratory ailments in the low pollen count environment of "the highest town in New Hampshire" (as claimed on a present-day sign in the village). Others were attracted by the paintings of the White Mountain artists. Conveniently located near Mount Washington and other attractions of the White Mountains, Bethlehem developed into a Gilded Age resort for the rich and famous.

In 1873, at the beginning of a building boom, Governor Henry Howard of Rhode Island built Howard House. Eventually, over 30 hotels would line Bethlehem's streets. Seven trains arrived daily, some direct from Grand Central Terminal, stopping at Bethlehem's five depots. Patrons included Presidents Grant, Hayes, Roosevelt, Taft and Harding, as well as author Thornton Burgess and poet Robert Frost. Entertainments included strolling Main Street on a two and a half mile raised boardwalk, carriage rides in the countryside, croquet games, or simply lounging about the hotels' sweeping piazzas.

On the hills and thoroughfares were built large summer "cottages", including that of the Woolworth family. Beginning in 1887, an annual Coaching Parade was held, with prizes awarded for lavishly decorated horse-drawn carriages. Ornamentations cost as much as $5,000, prompting visitor Phineas T. Barnum to proclaim it "the Second Greatest Show on Earth."

But the rise of the automobile would bring the decline of grand hotels. Tourists could now explore regions beyond the limits of rail service. Beginning about 1916, Jewish families began arriving in town, often seeking relief from hay fever symptoms. In fact, an organization named the Hebrew Hay Fever Relief Association, which was organized in the 1920s, existed in Bethlehem for many years. For a town in northern New Hampshire, contemporary Bethlehem has a sizeable Jewish community (and a number of synagogues), a legacy of its hay-fever-relief experience.

It was at Bethlehem that the National Hay Fever Relief Association was founded. World War II gave the hotels a second life, as tourists avoided war-ravaged Europe and stayed closer to home. By the 1950s, however, hotel attendance had dwindled. Many would close and be demolished. Today, the town is known for its special Christmas postal cancellation stamp. Every year, people from all over the world send Christmas cards to the Bethlehem post office to have them postmarked. In 2000, it handled 56,000 Christmas cards.

Bethlehem has experienced a continuing controversy, beginning in the 1980s. Casella Waste Systems of Rutland, Vermont, through its subsidiary North Country Environmental Services, purchased the town dump and created a landfill. The company has made efforts to expand the landfill. Town residents have tried to terminate the landfill, but Casella has repeatedly challenged the residents in court.

Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 235.6 sqkm, of which 234.7 sqkm are land and 0.9 sqkm are water, comprising 0.39% of the town. Bethlehem is drained by the Ammonoosuc, Gale, Zealand and Little rivers, together with Tuttle, Baker and Haystack brooks. Mount Cleveland, elevation 2397 ft, and Mount Agassiz, 2378 ft, rise to the south of the center of town. Town boundaries contain several of the famous 4,000-footers of New Hampshire: North Twin Mountain (the highest point in Bethlehem at 4761 ft), Mount Hale, Mount Tom, Mount Field, and Mount Willey. Bethlehem lies almost fully within the Connecticut River watershed, though a tiny portion of the southeastern corner of the town is in the Merrimack River watershed, and an even smaller portion on the eastern side of the Willey Range is in the Saco River watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,526 people, 1,103 households, and 698 families residing in the town. There were 1,517 housing units, of which 414, or 27.3%, were vacant. 305 of the vacant units were for seasonal or recreational use. The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% white, 0.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race, and 1.3% from two or more races. 1.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 1,103 households, 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were headed by married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27, and the average family size was 2.77. In the town, 20.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.1% were from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 37.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.

For the period 2011–2015, the estimated median annual income for a household was $49,329, and the median income for a family was $56,458. Male full-time workers had a median income of $43,447 versus $41,563 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,853. 19.7% of the population and 15.1% of families were below the poverty line. 29.7% of the population under the age of 18 and 12.0% of those 65 or older were living in poverty.

Sites of interest

 * Bethlehem Heritage Society Museum
 * The Colonial Theatre
 * The Rocks Estate

title: Bethlehem, New Hampshire


text:
Dalarna County

Dalarna County (Dalarnas län) is a county or län in central Sweden (Svealand). It borders on the counties of Uppsala, Jämtland, Gävleborg, Västmanland, Örebro and Värmland. It also borders on the Norwegian counties of Hedmark and Trøndelag to the west. It was formerly known as Kopparberg County (Kopparbergs län) until the name was changed to that of the provincial region on 1 January 1997. The province of Dalarna is slightly larger than the county, as the westernmost part of Ljusdal Municipality belongs to it. Prince Gabriel, the son of Prince Carl Philip, is Duke of Dalarna.

The term Dalarna County is mainly used for administrative purposes; it is further divided into municipalities (kommuner). Dalarna County encompasses nearly all of the cultural and historical province of Dalarna (literally, "the valleys"). For the most part sparsely populated and with extensive tracts of wilderness, Dalarna County is almost as large as Belgium in terms of land area.

History
In older times, Dalarna was periodically part of the territory ruled by the governor of Västerås Castle. The 1634 Instrument of Government led to the creation of a county covering Dalarna with its own County Governor. The Kopparbergs län (literally Copper Mountain County) was finally created by royal decree in 1647. On 1 January 1997, the name of the county was changed to Dalarna County. The small town of Kopparberg is not to be confused with the old county name, since it is located in Örebro County just to the south.

Administration
The main aim of the County Administrative Board is to fulfil the goals set in national politics by the Riksdag and the Government, to coordinate the interests and promote the development of the county, to establish regional goals and safeguard the due process of law in the handling of each case. The County Administrative Board is a Government Agency headed by a Governor.

Politics
The county council of Dalarna or Region Dalarna primarily handles health care and public transportation.

After the Swedish county council election in September 2018, the following political parties were represented in the Dalarna county council:

Riksdag elections
The table details all Riksdag election results of the Kopparberg and Dalarna counties since the unicameral era began in 1970. The blocs denote which party would support the Prime Minister or the lead opposition party towards the end of the elected parliament.

Municipalities

In Dalarna Province:
 * Avesta
 * Borlänge
 * Falun
 * Gagnef
 * Hedemora
 * Leksand
 * Ludvika
 * Malung-Sälen
 * Mora
 * Orsa
 * Rättvik
 * Säter
 * Smedjebacken
 * Vansbro
 * Älvdalen

Foreign background
SCB have collected statistics on backgrounds of residents since 2002. These tables consist of all who have two foreign-born parents or are born abroad themselves. The chart lists election years and the last year on record alone.

Heraldry
The Dalarna County inherited its coat of arms from the province of Dalarna. When it is shown with a royal crown it represents the County Administrative Board.

title: Dalarna County