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Norwood, Ohio

Norwood is the third most populous city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and an enclave of the larger city of Cincinnati. The population was 19,043 at the 2020 census. Originally settled as an early suburb of Cincinnati in the wooded countryside north of the city, the area is characterized by older homes and tree-lined streets.

Early history

The earliest humans in the area now known as Norwood are believed to have been Pre-Columbian era people of the Adena culture. Norwood Mound, a prehistoric earthwork mound built by the Adena, is located in Norwood and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Adena constructed the mound at the location of Norwood's present-day Water Tower Park, which is the highest land elevation in the city. Archaeologists believe the mound was built at this site due to the high elevation and was used by the Adena for religious ceremonies and smoke signaling.

Native American mounds are not uncommon in Ohio and several were located in Downtown Cincinnati at the time of arrival of the first white settlers. However, by 1895, the Norwood Mound was the only remaining mound in the vicinity of Cincinnati." The mound has never been excavated, but it is reported that many artifacts found in the area by early Norwood settlers in the 1800s made up the original nucleus of the Native American Art Collection of the Cincinnati Art Museum. In the early-20th century, Norwood High School named their sports team mascot the Indians in honor of this local Native American heritage.

Sharpsburg settlement
In 1787, the United States Congress established the Northwest Territory, and John Cleves Symmes, Congressman from New Jersey, purchased 311,682 acres of the territory (the Symmes Purchase), within which the future Norwood is located. One year later, the first permanent settlement on the banks of the Ohio River in what would later become Cincinnati was established. In 1793, General "Mad Anthony" Wayne led several companies of troops from Fort Washington in Cincinnati to advance against a hostile tribe of Native Americans encamped on the banks of the nearby Millcreek in what is now St. Bernard. Historians believe that a company of troops under the direction of General Wayne made their way through Norwood during this campaign and widened an old Native American trail, which followed the path of present-day Smith Road, Montgomery Road, and Carthage Avenue.

In 1794, a pioneer named Peter Smith settled on Duck Creek in or near the current location of Norwood. It is believed he is one of the earliest Norwood settlers, if not the first. Soon after, a road was built connecting the early settlement of Columbia on the Ohio River near the Little Miami River with the settlement of Carthage, just north of Cincinnati. This road cut through Norwood along the old Indian Path widened by General Wayne's troops. Anthony Wayne's victory over the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers the same year signaled the end of the Northwest Indian War which enabled pioneers to begin settling former hostile lands such as the future Norwood. In 1795, another road was built along the present-day path of Montgomery Road, connecting Cincinnati with Montgomery, Ohio and beyond. Montgomery Road was known as the "State Road" and Smith Road/Carthage Avenue was known as the "County Road."

In 1809, a settler named Samuel D. Bowman purchased land near the crossing of the State Road and the County Road, where he established a tavern and coach stop for travelers. He was soon joined by John Sharp, who built a cabin and country store at the opposite side of the intersection. The community of half a dozen houses soon became known as "Sharpsburg", after Sharp. For the next half century, the coach stop along the road between Cincinnati and Columbus remained small.

Sharpsburg becomes Norwood
In 1866, the first tracks of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad were completed, connecting Loveland with Cincinnati. The tracks ran from east to west through Sharpsburg and still exist in the same location today, parallel to the Norwood Lateral Expressway and passing under the Montgomery Road overpass. The village did not initially have a train station when the railway opened, but the possibility of passenger rail access to Cincinnati generated interest in developing a residential subdivision nearby. In 1868, two early developments were platted in the area north of the railroad. The first train station was established that same year.

In 1869, Sylvester H. Parvin, Col. Philander P. Lane and Lemuel Bolles purchased the William Ferguson farm north of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad tracks and platted an eighty-one-acre subdivision they called Norwood Heights. This was the first recorded use of the name Norwood in the area. It is commonly believed that the person who came up with the name was Sarah Bolles, wife of Lemuel Bolles. In the 1894 book, Norwood, Her Homes and Her People, it was stated that the name "Sharpsburg" was "not considered pretty enough for such a spot, and the suggestion of the Bolles' to call it Norwood (an abbreviation of Northwood) met with endorsement, and so it was that the suburb was christened anew."

However, the origin of the name Norwood is commonly disputed. It is also stated that Mrs. Bolles's name for the 1869 Norwood Heights subdivision was inspired by Henry Ward Beecher's popular 1869 novel Norwood: or, Village Life in New England. Others have claimed Mrs. Bolles arrived at the name by combining "North Woods", in reference to Norwood being a wooded area north of Cincinnati. In any case, the new name Norwood was popular enough that the Cincinnati Enquirer reported in 1870 that "the old town of Sharpsburg has been changed to Norwood" and the Sharpsburg post office was officially renamed Norwood the same year. By 1873, a second subdivision using the Norwood name, "The Heart of Norwood", was platted on 50-acres west of Montgomery Road at Maple and Elm Avenues. It was later referred to as "Old Norwood" after newer subdivisions using the name Norwood were built.

Railroads and subdivisions
Despite the initial interest in Norwood generated by the arrival of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, the new subdivisions were premature and failed to immediately take off. Only one home, located on the hill east of Norwood Mound, was constructed in the Norwood Heights subdivision. Norwood still remained largely farmland and orchards throughout the 1870s. Although the Marietta and Cincinnati railroad provided transportation to Cincinnati, it was via an inconvenient circuitous route which followed the Millcreek several miles out of the way to the west.

In 1875, several prominent local property owners in Norwood approached the Lebanon Narrow-gauge Railway Company (later known as the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway) to discuss building a passenger railroad between Norwood and downtown Cincinnati. The property owners offered their land to the railroad for use as free right-of-way. The railroad agreed and began to lay tracks from the northeast to southwest through Norwood and Avondale in the late-1870s.

Around the same time, construction was started on another railroad, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railway, which was built west to east along the present-day border of Norwood and Evanston. The tracks continued along Wasson Road in Hyde Park, connecting Norwood with Cincinnati's eastern suburbs and ultimately Portsmouth, Ohio. This line merged with the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern line southwest of Norwood at Idlewild, which was the name for the area near the present day campus of Xavier University.

In 1881, the northern section of the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern opened, connecting Norwood with Lebanon. In 1882, the southern section opened, providing service from Norwood directly to the central downtown station. Later in the year, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railway opened, providing passenger service from Norwood to Hyde Park and beyond.

The arrival of the passenger railroad proved to be the catalyst for rapid population growth in Norwood, as Cincinnatians could now work downtown and commute to their homes in the suburbs. Travel time between Norwood and downtown was less than 20 minutes.

Within a few years after the opening of the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern, five train stations were constructed in Norwood along the route. These were Idlewild, Ivanhoe, Hopkins, Norwood Park, and East Norwood.

Village of Norwood
The 1880s in Norwood were marked by the development of several new subdivisions and municipal improvements throughout the village. The Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern railroad influenced to the construction of the subdivisions.

The first Norwood Town Hall was constructed in 1882. The hall was constructed at the demand of local residents who wanted a village center for community functions. The Norwood Town Hall Association was instrumental in leading the effort to incorporate Norwood as a village in later years.

A small Central School schoolhouse was erected in 1887 to meet the education demands of the growing village. A one-room school house for Columbia Township had existed at this location possibly as early as 1828. Just one year after construction, the 1887 school house was expanded, as the number of students enrolled had already doubled.

Norwood's first fire brigade was organized in South Norwood in January 1888.

As the village continued to grow, the leaders of the Town Hall Association knew the only way to sustain continued civic improvements was to incorporate as a village. One of the main incentives for incorporation was to provide public street lighting. The leaders started proceedings in early-1888 and on May 14, 1888, the Village of Norwood was formally incorporated by approval of the County Commissioners of Hamilton County. The signers of the petition were almost the entire male adult population of a total census of 1,000. Three months later, the first municipal elections were held and Dr. John C. Weyer was elected the village's first mayor.

Norwood continued to expand the boundaries of the village in 1889 by annexing land bordering the original subdivisions. The same year, work was started on a new subdivision called Elsmere. In 1891, Norwood Council annexed Elsmere as part of the village. These two annexations were the first of thirteen conducted by Norwood between 1889 and 1981.

Streetcars and Water Works
Around the time of Norwood's incorporation, local leaders began pushing for an electric streetcar route on Montgomery Road to connect Norwood with downtown. Until this time, Montgomery Road (known as "The Pike") was a privately owned turnpike, requiring users pay a toll to use the road. This private ownership became a sore spot for local residents who desired public streetcar transportation. With the help of the County Commissioners of Hamilton County and the State of Ohio, Norwood was able to purchase the road for public use and construction was started on an electric railway.

In mid-1891, the Norwood Electric Railway streetcar line was completed between Norwood and Walnut Hills, with the route extending to a turnaround at the Mount Adams Incline.

Increasing school enrollment resulted in the construction of two new school buildings in 1891. Williams School (later Williams Avenue Elementary) was opened in on Williams Avenue and Marion School (later North Norwood School) was opened on Marion Avenue. Both buildings were later replaced with newer structures.

Clean drinking water was one of the most important issues facing Norwood in its early days. Residents had to rely on private wells, cisterns or streams for their water. In 1892, the citizens of Norwood voted for a public "water works" system to be built. In 1894, the Norwood Water Works was completed, which supplied Norwood with clean water for 65 years.

In March 1894, Norwood's first newspaper, the Norwood Enterprise, began publication. It would stay in print until 1989.

Norwood's first high school was constructed alongside a nearly identical new elementary school building, with both opening in 1897.

Early industry
In 1898, the Bullock Electric Manufacturing Company relocated to Norwood, becoming one of the village's first industrial plants, following McFarlan Lumber Company and the Cincinnati Brick Company. The plant was eventually acquired by German company, Siemens. In 1900, the Globe Wernicke Company constructed a new factory in Norwood for the manufacture of wooden bookcases. In 1901, the United States Playing Card Company moved to new facilities in Norwood.

City of Norwood
In 1902, the City of Cincinnati made the first of several attempts to annex Norwood. The citizens of Norwood rejected the merger by a margin of 55 votes. Later that year, Norwood citizens voted to incorporate the village as a city, since their population of 6,480 made them eligible for incorporation. This issue was decided by the same margin of 55 votes. Norwood's first city election took place in 1903. The newly elected officials repurposed the old Village Hall as the first City Hall of the City of Norwood.

1905 was a significant year for public services in Norwood. On July 1, the city established both its fire and police departments. Later that year, the Andrew Carnegie Foundation provided funds to begin construction of Norwood's first public library, which opened in 1907. It was the second Carnegie Library to open in the Cincinnati area. The City of Norwood transferred the property to the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County and it became a branch of that organization.

In 1908, Greek immigrants, Thomas and Nicholas Aglamesis, opened an ice cream parlor on Montgomery Road in Norwood. Five years later, they added a second store in neighboring Oakley. The Norwood store eventually closed, but their Oakley location, known as Aglamesis Bro's, remains a popular Cincinnati institution to this day.

The same year, the United States Playing Card Company opened a new factory in Norwood. The factory would eventually grow to over 600,000 square feet of operations and become the largest manufacturer of playing cards in the world.

In 1909, Norwood officials began openly discussing the possibility of annexing neighboring Kennedy Heights. However, negotiations with Kennedy Heights officials eventually fell through and Kennedy Heights was later annexed by the City of Cincinnati.

In 1912, the Sears, Roebuck & Company purchased the Standard Mill Company and changed the name to the Norwood Sash & Door Company. This factory became the primary manufacturer of Sears’ prefabricated Catalog Homes. The factory was operated by Sears in Norwood until 1945.

New high school and city hall
Enrollment at Norwood High School continued to grow at a rapid pace and the student population eventually outgrew the first high school. In 1914, a new high school was constructed. The original high school on Allison Street was converted into an elementary school.

Norwood's current city hall, the Norwood Municipal Building, was designed by John Scudder Adkins, who was also the architect for the Norwood Public Library building. It opened in 1916, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The old Allison High School building to burnt down in 1917. The building was later rebuilt. The same year, a new school was also constructed to replace the original 1892 Williams Avenue school.

More than 3,000 fans attended the season opener of the 1916 World Champion Norwood baseball team at Norwood Park. Norwood Park was also used during this era for other community entertainment events.

Industrial and infrastructure growth
According to a survey of historical records by the WPA, there were 47 factories in operation in Norwood by 1919.

In 1920, construction started on the Cincinnati Subway in downtown Cincinnati. The original plan was for a 16-mile loop to connect downtown with Norwood. Several subway tunnels were completed in Norwood. As subway construction continued into the late-1920s, the city experienced economic hardships and eventually abandoned the project in 1928, leaving the partially finished subway abandoned.

During the early-20th century, Norwood generated its own electricity at a municipal electric facility. In 1920, Norwood sold the facility and electrical distribution system to Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company, allowing CG&E to provide electrical services to the city.

In 1922, General Motors purchased 50 acre of land to construct the 3000000 sqft Norwood Assembly automobile plant. This property was previously a large community park known as Norwood Park. The Norwood Assembly Plant produced General Motors cars between 1923 and 1987. The GM plant became the dominant employer in Norwood, with nearly 9,000 workers during its peak in the 1970s. It also contributed approximately 35% of the City of Norwood's tax base.

To promote the popularity of the card game, bridge, the United States Playing Card Company established a radio station in 1922 at their factory with the call letters WSAI. Bridge experts played the game on the air and provided instruction to listeners. In 1926, the company built a bell tower atop the main factory building. The sounds of the bells were frequently broadcast on the station. The company operated WSAI in Norwood until it was sold to Crosley Broadcasting Corporation in 1928.

In an effort to improve Duck Creek Road, Norwood encased the Duck Creek waterway in a concrete aqueduct in 1923. The creek bed was filled in and all bridges spanning the waterway were removed. Most of Duck Creek road was later eliminated with the construction of Interstate 71 in the late-1960s.

Construction of the massive $1,000,000 Mt. Saint Mary's Seminary was completed in 1923. The seminary educated dozens of future priests, bishops, and archbishops for the Catholic Church until it closed in 1980. The seminary was purchased in 1993 and renovated over the course of years and reopened as Our Lady of the Holy Spirit Center and as a Marian Spiritual center in consonance with the Roman Catholic Church.

In 1930, the City of Norwood rezoned the city council from four to six wards, reflecting the increase in the city's population. The six wards were rezoned back to four after the population declined in the 2000s.

Decline of the railway
In 1933, Norwood's last new passenger train station was constructed. This station was opened to complement the new Cincinnati Union Terminal station downtown. The station was later closed and the renovated building is now used as a social hall.

The same year, the Cincinnati, Lebanon & Northern Railroad stopped providing passenger service. Rail travel in America was on the decline at this point due to the growing usage of the automobile.

Albers Supermarket, the first supermarket in Ohio and the first grocery store in the world to call itself a supermarket, was opened in 1933 by William H. Albers on Montgomery Road in Norwood at the site of today's Surrey Square shopping center. Albers, the former president of the Kroger Company, went on to revolutionize the grocery industry by embracing many innovations such as shopping carts, fluorescent lighting, and individual pricing on all items. The Albers chain was a success and was later acquired by Colonial Stores in 1955. The Norwood location was destroyed by a fire in 1968.

When the Ohio River flood of 1937 halted the operation of the Cincinnati Water Works, Norwood came to the aid of Cincinnati by offering drinking water from its artesian wells. Street flushing trucks were brought in from Cleveland to haul the water from Norwood to downtown.

In 1940, residents Carl H. Lindner Sr. and his children Carl Lindner Jr., Robert, Richard, and Dorothy opened the first United Dairy Farmers store in Norwood. Until this point, most people paid a premium to have milk delivered directly to their homes. United Dairy Farmers cut out the delivery middleman and sold milk at their store for nearly half the price of delivered milk. The UDF chain of stores eventually grew and helped make Carl Lindner Jr. one of the world's richest people.

In 1948, Norwood opened a municipal parking lot at the site of the future Surrey Square shopping center. This was one of the first significant steps in the transformation of Norwood's downtown business district, known as "The Pike," from pedestrian-friendly storefronts to the Surrey Square automobile-centric strip mall.

The following year, streetcar lines in Norwood were eliminated and replaced by trolley buses, using the same overhead double electric lines.

A new Williams Avenue elementary school and administration building were constructed in 1952 next to the existing 1917 school.

Around 1959, the water table of Norwood's artesian wells dropped to a level that became too expensive to maintain and Norwood began buying water from Cincinnati.

Ohio State Route 562, also known as the Norwood Lateral Expressway, was first completed between Interstate 75 and Reading Road in 1962. It was nicknamed the Norwood Lateral due to its close approach to Norwood, which at the time was Hamilton County's 2nd largest municipality. For nearly two decades, the "Lateral" terminated at Reading Road inside Cincinnati city limits. In 1969, work began on the extension of the "Lateral" into Norwood proper and connection to the proposed Interstate 71. The route of I-71 would pass through Norwood's east side. To accommodate the extension, nearly 200 homes in the old East Norwood neighborhood were razed, resulting in a loss of population and property tax revenue. Norwood was also required to share 5% of the cost of the expressway project. The full Norwood Lateral extension was completed in 1977.

At about the same time as the Norwood Lateral completion, the Globe-Wernicke Company moved operations out of Norwood to Tennessee. The factory was closed and demolished two years later.

The overhead wires used to power the trolley buses and the street cars were removed from Norwood streets in 1965. The trolley buses, which had replaced street cars in 1949, were replaced by gasoline and diesel powered buses.

Surrey Square and decline of "The Pike"
Around 1967, Norwood's first strip mall, Norwood Plaza, opened. Business owners were concerned the strip mall would impact Norwood's central business district.

After the Albers Supermarket was destroyed by fire in 1968, Norwood purchased the property and demolished the building as part of an urban renewal plan. This plan was centered around the construction of a new shopping center, which eventually became Surrey Square. In 1972, other businesses were demolished as an additional phase of the urban renewal plan.

To accommodate growing enrollment, Norwood constructed a new high school in 1972, adjacent to the old 1914 high school. The old high school became the middle school. The new high school included a planetarium (now known as Drake Planetarium and Science Center).

In 1975, Surrey Square Shopping Center opened in the heart of the original shopping district. Ironically, the inside of Surrey Square Mall was designed to look like a traditional small town main street, complete with fake storefronts reminiscent of the ones which were destroyed by the construction of the mall.

The Norwood Historical Society was chartered on May 2, 1978.

In 1985, Norwood natives Carl Lindner Jr. and his brother Robert Lindner donated $150,000 to the City of Norwood so it could purchase the 14-acre McCullough Estate. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources also awarded a matching grant so the estate could be converted into a nature preserve and park. The estate was part of the original 100-acre McCullough Seed Company property the McCullough Family settled in 1850 and operated on this land until 1960. Although the park is located in Cincinnati, it is owned and operated as a City of Norwood park. Norwood now totaled 30-acres of recreation land among 9 city parks.

GM closure
On November 6, 1986, General Motors announced that it would close the Norwood Assembly automobile plant as part of a $10 billion plan to reorganize the company. Many Norwood employees expected Norwood's sister plant, Van Nuys Assembly, to close instead. However, GM stated that the aging Norwood plant would be difficult to modernize and the campus was "landlocked" with no room for expansion. The company also cited high absenteeism, low productivity and low quality control as additional factors in its decision.

The closure of the plant in 1987 nearly dealt a death blow to Norwood's economy. GM was by far the largest employer in Norwood and its income and property taxes accounted for one-third of the city's operating budget and one-fifth of the money for its schools. Approximately 1,000 of the factory's 4,300 workers were Norwood residents.

As a result of the closure, Norwood City Council dramatically slashed the city's budget. Norwood's parks, roads, buildings, water lines began to deteriorate. The City of Cincinnati even considered annexing Norwood to help with financial problems, but the plan was rebuffed by Cincinnati Mayor Charles Luken, who said he had no intention of "taking advantage of Norwood's misfortune." Norwood's mayor, Joseph E. Sanker, publicly speculated that Cincinnati was not interested in Norwood without the GM plant.

Norwood's economic issues continued to worsen in 1988 when another long-time manufacturing business, R. K. LeBlond Machine Tool Company, closed its Norwood factory.

In 1989, Norwood's last remaining newspaper, The Norwood Enterprise, ceased publication. Other Norwood community newspapers have occasionally started in the years since the Enterprise ceased publication, but none have lasted more than a few years. The Norwood Star currently operates as a monthly newspaper.

Economic revitalization
Despite the dire financial situation in Norwood, it did not take long for the city to realize the closing of General Motors was an opportunity to transition its image from a blue-collar industrial city to a business and retail destination. In 1989, city signed a deal with the Belvedere Corporation to develop both the former GM site. The same year, the city also made plans to build a retail and restaurant complex called Rookwood Pavilion on the site of the old LeBlond plant. In 1990, the first of these new projects, a shopping plaza called Grand Central Station, opened at the site of the old GM plant.

In July 1990, a cleaning solvent leak at the BASF chemical plant on the border of Norwood and Evanston resulted in a explosion, killing two and injuring 90 people. The blast heavily damaged Norwood businesses and affected Norwood homes as far as a mile away.

In 1993, the Belvedere Corporation opened a second new development called Central Parke. The project consisted of mixed-use office buildings.

In 1993, developers opened the Rookwood Pavilion shopping center on the grounds of the old Lablond factory site. Rookwood Pavilion was successful and prompted developers to begin purchasing additional land in the area for future developments. In 2000, Rookwood Commons shopping center opened immediately behind Rookwood Pavilion.

Despite sporadic efforts to save what was remaining of "The Pike," the city allowed the demolition of several historic storefronts and buildings in 2002.

In 2004, Norwood was forced by the State of Ohio to reduce the number of city council wards from 6 to 4, to reflect a decline in population.

Norwood also lost a significant amount of public transportation in 2004 when the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority eliminated all but two bus routes in the city. Some of the eliminated routes had serviced the city by either bus or streetcar for over 100 years.

In fall of 2004, another new development called Cornerstone At Norwood was constructed.

Eminent domain
After the success of the two Rookwood shopping centers, the developer, Jeffrey Anderson, approached the City of Norwood regarding a third project called Rookwood Exchange that he wanted to build across the street. He proposed bulldozing a residential neighborhood and replacing them with a new mixed-use residential, office, and retail development.

The city approved the plan and Anderson began purchasing the neighborhood properties in 2005 through voluntary sales. All of the property owners eventually agreed to sell except for three which refused to leave. In an effort to clear the remaining properties, Anderson paid for a study declaring the neighborhood a "deteriorating area" so the City of Norwood could use eminent domain to force the remaining property owners to sell.

The three property owners fought Norwood's use of eminent domain, and the dispute eventually made national headlines in 2006 when it was brought before the Ohio Supreme Court in Norwood, Ohio v. Horney. The court ruled unanimously for the property owners, forcing the city and developers to return ownership of the three properties. After the verdict, the property owners held out for several more years before eventually selling. The second to last property was sold to the developer in 2007 for $650,000.

In September 2008, the final property owner agreed to sell his rental home to the developer for 1.25 million.

In 2014, after many years of legal battles and construction delays, Rookwood Exchange opened.

Continued development
In 2006, developers broke ground on Linden Pointe on the Lateral, a large office park complex on the old former American Laundry Machine Company and Globe Wernicke properties. Because the property was Brownfield land, it had to be decontaminated prior to construction.

After more than 100 years in Norwood, the US Playing Card Company closed their Norwood factory and moved operations to Boone County, Kentucky in 2008.

Xavier University acquired the old Norwood Plaza shopping center and demolished many of the structures to make way for campus expansion. In a joint effort with Norwood and Cincinnati, Xavier University opened University Station.

Geography
Norwood is located at 39.16°N, -84.455°W (39.160060, −84.455074).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.15 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 19,043 people living in the city, for a population density of 6,058.86 people per square mile (2,339.33/km2). There were 9,644 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 77.5% White, 11.8% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.1% from some other race, and 6.1% from two or more races. 5.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,543 households, out of which 18.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.3% were married couples living together, 30.4% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 32.0% had a female householder with no spouse present. 41.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19, and the average family size was 3.09.

16.7% of the city's population were under the age of 18, 71.6% were 18 to 64, and 11.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.5. For every 100 females, there were 107.6 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $48,703, and the median income for a family was $71,066. About 21.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 28.5% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over. About 67.5% of the population were employed, and 31.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 19,207 people, 8,320 households, and 4,190 families residing in the city. The population density was 6097.5 PD/sqmi. There were 9,515 housing units at an average density of 3020.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.6% White, 7.6% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.1% of the population.

There were 8,320 households, of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.1% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.6% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.03.

The median age in the city was 33.4 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 11.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.9% male and 50.1% female.

As of the 2010 United States Census, The median value of owner-occupied housing units between 2005–2009 was $120,900. The home ownership rate from 2005–2009 was 57.8%. The median household income 2005–2009 was $39,224. The per capita money income in past 12 months (2009 dollars) 2005–2009 was $21,367. People of all ages in poverty from 2005–2009 was 20.6%.

2000 census
During the 2000 United States Census there were 21,675 people, 9,270 households, and 5,154 families residing in the Norwood. The population density was 6,956.5 PD/sqmi. There were 10,044 housing units at an average density of 3,223.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.25% White, 2.35% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.88% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.85% of the population. There were 9,270 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 3.04. In the city the age distribution of the population shows 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,223, and the median income for a family was $39,951. Males had a median income of $31,530 versus $25,852 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,108. About 8.6% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The elected members of Norwood City government are: the mayor, president of council, auditor, treasurer, law director, clerk of council, four ward-specific city council members and three at-large city council members. Norwood City School Board members are also elected. The City of Norwood has its own police, fire, and public works departments. The current mayor of Norwood is Victor Schneider, the police chief is Dwayne Sumner, the fire chief is Thomas McCabe, and the public works superintendent is Clint Zimmerman.

Economy
Norwood has a strong history of industry and manufacturing dating back to the historic Norwood Brick plant of the late 19th century, which provided clay brick for the construction of many of Cincinnati's historic buildings. As the city is ideally situated between several major railways, state roads and interstate highways, it has traditionally been an attractive location for businesses and corporations in the area. Norwood was once described as the "Chicago of Hamilton County", for in 1909 it had 49 manufacturing enterprises.

Prominent Norwood industrial and manufacturing companies included: General Motors Norwood Assembly, United Dairy Farmers, Allis-Chalmers, Siemens, Bullock Electric Manufacturing Company, United States Playing Card Company, Globe Wernicke, American Laundry Machine Company, Norwood Sash & Door Company (Sears Catalog Homes), United States Printing & Lithographing Company, U.S. Shoe Corp, Mead Container Corporation, J.H. Day Corporation, and Zumbiel Packaging.

Between 1923 and 1987, the General Motors automobile assembly plant was by far the city's largest employer in terms of production, payroll and employees. When GM closed the factory in 1987, it nearly dealt a death blow to Norwood's economy. This event became the catalyst for Norwood's transition from an industrial economy to a diversified office and retail economy. In the years following the GM closure, Norwood worked with developers to build many mixed-use office parks and retail centers in the city, including: Grande Central Station (1990), Central Parke (1993), Rookwood Pavilion (1995), Rookwood Commons (2000), Cornerstone at Norwood (2004), Linden Pointe on the Lateral (2007), Surrey Square (2008), Rookwood Exchange (2014), Norwood State Station (2014).

Education
The Norwood City School District consists of Norwood High School, Norwood Middle School, Sharpsburg Elementary, Norwood View Elementary, Williams Avenue Elementary, and Norwood Preschool. The current high school opened as a state-of-the-art facility in 1972, with a planetarium, greenhouse, swimming pool, and television studio. Drake Planetarium, named after astronomer and astrophysicist Frank Drake, is associated with NASA. Norwood High School's mascot is the Indian. Norwood Middle School is located next to the high school in the previous high school building, which opened in 1914. In 1988, the Norwood Middle School field house and offices were used to film prison scenes in the 1989 Tom Selleck movie An Innocent Man. Norwood is also home to Immaculate Conception Academy parochial grade school and high school, located in the former Gressle School on Floral Avenue.

Norwood Recreation Commission
The Norwood Recreation Commission was established in 1943, by ordinance of the City Council. The commission is unique in that it is a non-political joint effort between the city and Board of Education. The commission consists of five policy makers; two selected by the Board of Education and three appointed by the mayor.

The Norwood Recreation Commission operates and supervises four playgrounds and three swimming pools during the summer months. Permits for ball diamonds, tennis courts and picnic areas are also issued through the Recreation office. The Recreation Commission conducts leagues for 30 softball teams for men and women in addition to assisting and cooperating with the Norwood Knothole Association and Norwood Soccer Association in providing facilities for all their teams. In the past the Norwood Recreation Commission has moved into the schools with its Fall, Winter, and Spring programs.

Swimming pools:

 * Burwood Pool (closed)
 * Fenwick Pool (closed)
 * Millcrest Pool (closed)
 * Northwoods Pool (closed)
 * Norwood High School Pool
 * Norwood Middle School Pool (closed)
 * Victory Pool (closed)
 * Waterworks J.B. Wirth Pool

Parks:

 * Burwood Park
 * Dorl Park
 * Fenwick Park
 * Hunter Park
 * Lindner Park Nature Preserve
 * Marsh Park
 * Millcrest Park
 * Lower Millcrest Park
 * Northwoods Park
 * Tower Park
 * Victory Park
 * Waterworks Park

Nicknames
Norwood is known as the "Gem of the Highlands".

Notable people
The people listed below were all born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Norwood, Ohio

Arts and entertainment

 * George Chakiris, actor and dancer
 * Paul Delph, keyboardist for band Zoo Drive
 * Henry Farny, French-born painter and illustrator
 * Tim Lucas, novelist and film critic
 * Mr. Dibbs, hip hop producer
 * Jack Mullaney, actor
 * Over The Rhine, Ohio folk music band
 * Jody Payne, musician
 * Diane Pfister, artist and art lecturer
 * Louis Rebisso, Italian sculptor
 * Janice Rule, actress
 * Amanda Tepe, actress
 * Vera-Ellen, actress and dancer
 * John Ellsworth Weis, painter

Business

 * Samuel Frisch, opened Frisch's Stag Lunch in Norwood in 1910, first location of Frisch's Big Boy restaurant chain
 * Carl Lindner Jr., banker and financier

Science and medicine

 * John Uri Lloyd, pharmacist, scientist, and twice president of American Pharmaceutical Association
 * Frank Bradway Rogers, medical doctor and librarian

Law and politics

 * Joseph B. Foraker, 37th Governor of Ohio and United States Senator
 * Joseph Ralston, former Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Supreme Allied Commander for NATO

Sports

 * Bob Barton, baseball player
 * Carl Bouldin, baseball pitcher
 * Marc Edwards, football player
 * Roy Golden, baseball player
 * Ed Jucker, basketball coach
 * Dorothy Kamenshek, baseball player
 * Ed "Specs" Klieman, baseball player
 * Maxwell Holt, volleyball player
 * Brad Loesing, basketball player
 * George Miller, baseball player
 * Larry Pape, baseball player
 * Heinie Peitz, baseball player
 * Arthur Pickens, jockey
 * Brian Pillman, football player
 * Thomas Scott, archer
 * Dominique Steele, mixed martial artist
 * Bob Wellman, baseball player and manager

Religion

 * Ralph W. Beiting, founder of the Christian Appalachian Project
 * Joseph R. Binzer, auxiliary bishop
 * Robert Daniel Conlon, bishop
 * Paul Vincent Donovan, bishop
 * James Henry Garland, bishop
 * Henry Joseph Grimmelsmann, bishop
 * Clarence George Issenmann, bishop
 * Paul Francis Leibold, archbishop
 * Edward A. McCarthy, archbishop
 * Carl K. Moeddel, bishop
 * Henry K. Moeller, archbishop
 * Anthony John King Mussio, bishop
 * Leo Aloysius Pursley, bishop
 * George John Rehring, bishop
 * Michael William Warfel, bishop

Crime

 * Robert Bales, United States Army soldier and perpetrator of the 2012 Kandahar massacre
 * Robert Anthony Buell, convicted of the murder of 11-year-old Krista Harrison

title: Norwood, Ohio


text:
Pleasant Run, Ohio

Pleasant Run is a census-designated place (CDP) in Colerain Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 4,861 at the 2020 census.

History
Pleasant Run takes its name from a stream. A Pleasant Run Post Office was established on March 4, 1846, and discontinued on February 15, 1907, with mail service being transferred to the post office in Mount Healthy. Pleasant Run was described in the 1940 American Guide Series as a rural village with 39 inhabitants.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km$2$), all land.

Pleasant Run Farm is located to the east in neighboring Springfield Township.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 4,861 people living in the CDP, for a population density of 2,347.18 people per square mile (906.14/km2). There were 1,816 housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 68.2% White, 19.4% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from some other race, and 6.9% from two or more races. 3.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,764 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 28.6% had a female householder with no spouse present. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65, and the average family size was 3.15.

21.4% of the CDP's population were under the age of 18, 63.4% were 18 to 64, and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.6. For every 100 females, there were 75.3 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the CDP was $76,250, and the median income for a family was $93,523. About 4.1% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over. About 64.2% of the population were employed, and 22.9% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 5,267 people, 1,778 households, and 1,477 families living in the CDP. The population density was 2,541.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,791 housing units at an average density of 864.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.65% White, 7.69% African American, 0.40% Native American, 1.92% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16%.

Of the 1,778 households 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.9% were non-families. 15.1% of households were one person and 4.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.26.

The age distribution was 29.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median household income was $57,065 and the median family income was $60,305. Males had a median income of $37,973 versus $30,432 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,307. About 1.7% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pleasant Run, Ohio


text:
Pleasant Run Farm, Ohio

Pleasant Run Farm is a census-designated place (CDP) in Springfield Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 4,779 at the 2020 census.

History
Pleasant Run Farm is named after the Pleasant Run Farms [sic] residential subdivision, which hosted the Home Builders Association of Greater Cincinnati's fifth annual Homearama show in 1965. At 670 acre, it was the largest subdivision approved by the Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission up to that time. An additional 100 homes were added to the subdivision beginning in 1967. The Pleasant Run Farms Civic Association was founded in 1969.

Geography
Pleasant Run Farm is located northwest of Cincinnati, between Forest Park and Fairfield.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.0 square miles (2.7 km$2$), all land.

Pleasant Run is located to the west in neighboring Colerain Township.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 4,779 people living in the CDP, for a population density of 4,495.77 people per square mile (1,736.12/km2). There were 1,808 housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 44.5% White, 42.3% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 3.2% from some other race, and 5.8% from two or more races. 5.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,558 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 38.4% had a female householder with no spouse present. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44, and the average family size was 3.07.

19.9% of the CDP's population were under the age of 18, 56.8% were 18 to 64, and 23.3% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.2. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the CDP was $79,500, and the median income for a family was $89,957. About 5.1% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over. About 58.5% of the population were employed, and 36.0% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 4,731 people, 1,637 households, and 1,314 families in the CDP. The population density was 4,511.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,689 housing units at an average density of 1,610.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 74.13% White, 22.85% African American, 0.11% Native American, 1.37% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68%.

Of the 1,637 households 45.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.7% were non-families. 16.1% of households were one person and 4.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.25.

The age distribution was 31.3% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median household income was $61,359 and the median family income was $64,718. Males had a median income of $46,667 versus $30,085 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,388. About 4.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Pleasant Run Farm, Ohio


text:
Reading, Ohio

Reading (pronounced ) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 10,600 at the 2020 census. It is an inner suburb of Cincinnati and is included as part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area.

History
In 1794, Abraham Voorhees moved his family from Somerset County, New Jersey, building a large double log cabin along the west bank of the Millcreek in Sycamore Township, in present-day Lockland. In the spring of 1795, Harvey Redinbo, a Pennsylvania Dutchman, visited from Reading, Pennsylvania. Pleased with the land that Voorhees had acquired, Redinbo purchased his own land, in the area of Hunt Road and Columbia Avenue. Around 1798, Voorhees platted a town named Voorhees-Town but did not record it with county officials until January 7, 1804. By then, Redinbo had convinced him to rename the town to Reading, after Redinbo's hometown.

Between 1830 and 1880, Reading grew rapidly to become the largest village in Hamilton County. It was incorporated as a village on March 24, 1851. The village's major industry was clothing manufacturing.

The Benson Street Bridge, built in 1901, spans Mill Creek on the city limit with Lockland. It was the second concrete rainbow arch bridge and the first in Ohio.

As of 1912, Reading was a sundown town. African Americans were prohibited from living within the city or remaining there after dark. Most censuses from 1860 through 1960 recorded no African Americans in Reading.

Reading became a city on January 1, 1932. It withdrew from Sycamore Township on May 19, 1943, forming a paper township named "Reading Township".

Geography
Reading is located at 39.22278°N, -84.43917°W (39.222709, -84.439036). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.89 sqmi, all land.

Reading is bordered by Cincinnati's Roselawn neighborhood to the south, Amberley Village and Sycamore Township to the southeast, Blue Ash to the east, Evendale to the north, Lockland to the west, and Arlington Heights to the southwest. Mill Creek divides Reading from Lockland and Arlington Heights.

Reading can be reached by car via Interstate 75, Ohio State Route 126, or U.S. Route 42. The northbound lanes of Mill Creek Expressway run along the city's west side, with exits onto Galbraith Road and Koehler Avenue. Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway has a complex interchange with Interstate 75 at Reading. Reading lies along Norfolk Southern Railway's Dayton District and the Indiana and Ohio Railway's Oasis Subdivision.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 10,600 people living in the city, for a population density of 3,669.09 people per square mile (1,416.64/km2). There were 5,059 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 81.3% White, 9.9% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from some other race, and 5.8% from two or more races. 2.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,941 households, out of which 19.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 24.7% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 27.5% had a female householder with no spouse present. 40.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12, and the average family size was 2.80.

17.3% of the city's population were under the age of 18, 65.8% were 18 to 64, and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.4. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $56,929, and the median income for a family was $77,386. About 10.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over. About 63.8% of the population were employed, and 22.6% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 10,385 people, 4,554 households, and 2,624 families residing in the city. The population density was 3593.4 PD/sqmi. There were 4,962 housing units at an average density of 1717.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.1% White, 7.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 4,554 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.4% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 39.5 years. 21.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.1% male and 50.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,292 people, 4,885 households, and 2,921 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,867.6 PD/sqmi. There were 5,128 housing units at an average density of 1,756.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.69% White, 3.20% African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 4,885 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,140, and the median income for a family was $51,858. Males had a median income of $35,466 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,527. About 4.7% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Like other communities in the Mill Creek Valley, Reading has an economy dominated by heavy industry, including suppliers for aerospace and automotive plants in nearby Sharonville and Evendale. Thermo Fisher Scientific's Patheon subsidiary operates a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant on 30 acre in the city.

The Bridal District along Benson Street in downtown Reading is the most well-known concentration of wedding-related businesses in the United States.

The electronics store chain Steinberg's was founded and based in Reading until its bankruptcy and liquidation in 1997.

Government
Reading uses a mayor–council form of government. The city council consists of a tie-breaking President of Council, four members representing wards, and three at-large members. , the Mayor of Reading is Robert "Bo" Bemmes and the current council president is Kevin Mattscheck.

Reading is one of 23 municipalities in Hamilton County that maintains a mayor's court, in which traffic cases and other misdemeanor cases are heard by a magistrate.

At the federal level, Reading is located within Ohio's 2nd congressional district. At the state level, Reading belongs to the 28th House district and 8th Senate district. See Ohio House of Representatives and Ohio Senate for the current representatives of the respective state districts.

Education
Reading is served by the Reading Community City School District, which includes Reading High School. A new Pre K-12 school opened up Monday September 9, 2019.

Reading also includes a Roman Catholic all-girl's high school, Mount Notre Dame High School, where the daughter of Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman was one of the first students. Also included is a Catholic elementary school, Sts. Peter and Paul Academy serve students in grades K-8.

Reading is served by a branch of the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County.

Media
Reading is part of the Cincinnati media market for newspapers, radio, and television. WMKV (89.3 FM) broadcasts from a retirement community in Reading.

Notable people

 * Ed Biles, professional football coach, Houston Oilers
 * John Boehner, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015
 * Rick Christophel, professional football coach, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 * Ralph Davis, professional basketball player
 * Richard E. Meyer, businessman and record producer
 * Brian O'Connor, professional baseball pitcher
 * Merle Robbins, inventor of the card game Uno
 * Joseph G. Wilson, Republican politician in Oregon
 * DeShawn Wynn, professional football player

title: Reading, Ohio


text:
Sherwood, Hamilton County, Ohio

Sherwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,633 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.9 km$2$), all land.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 3,633 people living in the CDP, for a population density of 3,302.73 people per square mile (1,252.76/km2). There were 1,380 housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.6% White, 1.5% Black or African American, 0.1%% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from some other race, and 4.3% from two or more races. 2.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,413 households, out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 30.3% had a female householder with no spouse present. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47, and the average family size was 2.72.

22.0% of the CDP's population were under the age of 18, 58.4% were 18 to 64, and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.4. For every 100 females, there were 75.8 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the CDP was $130,152, and the median income for a family was $138,228. About 1.0% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 0.0% of those age 65 or over. About 70.3% of the population were employed, and 59.0% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 3,907 people, 1,348 households, and 1,129 families living in the CDP. The population density was 3,522.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,365 housing units at an average density of 1,230.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.54% White, 0.61% African American, 1.54% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.49% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28%.

Of the 1,348 households 45.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.4% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.2% were non-families. 14.1% of households were one person and 6.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.21.

The age distribution was 31.1% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median household income was $71,127 and the median family income was $77,816. Males had a median income of $53,393 versus $33,194 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,965. About 0.5% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.5% of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Sherwood, Hamilton County, Ohio


text:
Silverton, Ohio

Silverton is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The village was formed out of Columbia and Sycamore townships, but withdrew from both and formed a paper township. The population was 4,908 at the 2020 census.

History
Formed out of Columbia and Sycamore townships, Silverton had its beginnings in the post-Revolutionary War land grants. In 1809 David Mosner opened a general store at the crossroads of Plainfield Pike and Montgomery Road. For the next several decades the surrounding town was known alternately as "Mosner" or "Enterprise". The Mosner name was formalized in 1861 when a post office opened under that designation.

In 1883 the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway opened a line through town, connecting the area to Cincinnati by rail. Seth Haines and Robert Cresap platted Silverton's first subdivision shortly thereafter. It is widely accepted that the town was renamed Silverton in honor of Haines' wife, Elizabeth Silver Haines.

In 1884 the community was incorporated as the Hamlet of Silverton. The early subdivisions were designed to appeal to investors as well as prospective homeowners. These subdivisions were divided into large lots, as most of them had 25 ft frontages.

The hamlet slowly developed into a suburb over the next twenty years, with village status attained by general election in 1904. The village was by then served by the Interurban Railway & Terminal Company line, which ran along Montgomery Road (now U.S. Route 22), as well as the CL&N. Residents regularly commuted to jobs in Cincinnati.

By 1910 the village had a population of 459. Silverton grew over the next 50 years, attaining city status in 1961 with a population exceeding 5,500.

Around the beginning of the 20th century, the John C. Meier Grape Juice Company purchased land along the railroad line and began producing grape juice and wine in Silverton. Now known as Meier's Wine Cellars, it is both the oldest and largest winery in Ohio.

Silverton's demographics began to expand in the 1960s to include more African-American families. The "white flight" experienced by many other communities was not a factor in Silverton. Organizations like the Silverton Neighborhood Association were formed to break through cultural barriers and to promote dialogue between neighbors. As a result, Silverton transformed itself into a integrated community.

In 1974, Silverton elected its first African American Mayor, Richard F. Hunter, Sr. who served as a Silverton Councilmember previously. Mayor Hunter served the City of Silverton as Mayor over 20 years and longer than any mayor in the city’s history.

Silverton received recognition as a Tree City USA community in 2008.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.11 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 4,908 people living in the village, for a population density of 4,409.70 people per square mile (1,702.41/km2). There were 2,884 housing units. The racial makeup of the village was 47.5% White, 41.7% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from some other race, and 6.4% from two or more races. 4.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,499 households, out of which 18.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.9% were married couples living together, 22.7% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 45.5% had a female householder with no spouse present. 53.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.9% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91, and the average family size was 3.07.

17.6% of the village's population were under the age of 18, 59.9% were 18 to 64, and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.1. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the village was $46,029, and the median income for a family was $81,106. About 18.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 30.0% of those age 65 or over. About 60.6% of the population were employed, and 27.5% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,788 people, 2,404 households, and 1,131 families residing in the village. The population decrease to below 5,000 reverted Silverton's legal designation to village instead of city. The population density was 4313.5 PD/sqmi. There were 2,626 housing units at an average density of 2365.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 44.0% White, 51.4% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 2,404 households, of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.4% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.0% were non-families. 45.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the village was 43.3 years. 15.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 31% were from 45 to 64; and 16.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.2% male and 53.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,178 people, 2,534 households, and 1,256 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,647.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,662 housing units at an average density of 2,389.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 45.52% White, 50.31% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.77% from other races, and 2.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16% of the population.

There were 2,534 households, out of which 19.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.4% were non-families. 45.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 80.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,117, and the median income for a family was $43,633. Males had a median income of $27,682 versus $27,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,971. About 5.8% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Village of Silverton is a charter municipality and operates under the council-manager form of government, combining the strong political leadership of elected officials with the professional expertise of an appointed village manager.

Legislative authority under this form of government is vested in Village Council, the body that is chosen by the electorate. Council hires the manager to serve as the village's full-time chief executive officer.

Silverton Village Council consists of six members elected at-large to serve two year terms. In addition to appointing the village manager and passing legislation, Council approves the annual operating budget, contracts in the village's name, levies taxes, and appoints a village attorney.

The Mayor, who is directly elected to a two-year term, serves as the official and ceremonial head of the village and presides over all meetings of Council. He has the right to introduce legislation and to take part in discussion of all matters before Council with the right to vote in the event of a tie.

The village manager is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the village, implements Council action, hires and oversees the staff, prepares and implements the annual operating budget and keeps the elected officials advised of the village's financial viability. .

Municipal services
Silverton offers a wide range of municipal services. The village is patrolled by the Hamilton County Sheriff's Office (HCSO) deputies. In 1999 the residents of Silverton and neighboring Deer Park voted to form the Deer Park Silverton Joint Fire District. The district offers fire protection and EMS/paramedic services to the communities of Silverton and Deer Park, as well as Golf Manor and portions of Columbia Township.

Residents of Silverton enjoy two parks: Ralph Ficke Memorial Park and Silverton Park.

Ficke Park was the larger of the two at 12 acre. It offered a playground, baseball diamonds, a regulation size soccer field, full court basketball, hard court tennis and a batting cage. Two shelters were available for rental. Park events include an annual Easter egg hunt and a summer concert series.

The village council unanimously approved a land swap with Cincinnati Public Schools in order to build a new school on half of Ficke Park. The move is opposed by nearby residents, especially in neighboring Sycamore Township who argue that they were not consulted or informed of the proposed land swap. The land swap will likely be challenged on the premise that the land deed forbids the use of the land for anything other than a park or similar. On July 14, 2008, the Cincinnati Board of Education approved the land swap.

As a result of the land swap, CPS now owns half of Ficke park. The CPS owned half contains the shelters (that are no longer available for rental), the tennis courts (which no longer have nets), the playground and the basketball court. When construction for the new school begins, all these facilities will be lost. Some are scheduled to be rebuilt in the remaining half of the park.

Silverton Park is located in the center of town in a "village green" setting. The Kuhnell Museum, a replica of the village's original train depot, is located in the park. The museum is a source of great pride for Silverton residents. Johnny Kuhnell, the village's Chief of Police from 1946 to 1969, envisioned a replicated station as a focal point of the community, so he organized an effort to reconstruct the station. His goal was realized in 1974 when construction of the replica was completed. The museum was rededicated in honor and memory of Chief Kuhnell in 2001.

The station today serves as a museum dedicated to the preservation of Silverton history for future generations. Inside you will find photographs, articles and memorabilia related to the Silverton area from the 1800s to the present. Visitors will gain perspective on the village's history and the pride employed by area pioneers. The museum is open to the public on the second and fourth Sunday of each month from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m, April through September.

Notable people

 * Barry Larkin, MLB Hall of Fame member and Gold Glove winner
 * Carl Lindner, Fortune 500 CEO
 * Roger Staubach, Heisman Trophy winner and NFL Hall of Fame quarterback

title: Silverton, Ohio


text:
Springdale, Ohio

Springdale is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb of Cincinnati. The population was 11,007 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.97 sqmi, of which 4.96 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 11,007 people living in the city, for a population density of 2,211.13 people per square mile (853.77/km2). There were 4,817 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 41.6% White, 30.7% Black or African American, 1.8% Native American, 3.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 12.3% from some other race, and 9.9% from two or more races. 20.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,220 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 39.8% had a female householder with no spouse present. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58, and the average family size was 3.31.

23.4% of the city's population were under the age of 18, 56.6% were 18 to 64, and 20.0% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.0. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $64,606, and the median income for a family was $69,271. About 11.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 27.4% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over. About 54.7% of the population were employed, and 32.7% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 11,223 people, 4,631 households, and 2,771 families living in the city. The population density was 2262.7 PD/sqmi. There were 4,906 housing units at an average density of 989.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 55.0% White, 29.9% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 8.7% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.5% of the population.

There were 4,631 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.2% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 38.7 years. 22.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 22.9% were from 45 to 64; and 20% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.5% male and 53.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,563 people, 4,421 households, and 2,816 families living in the city. The population density was 2,131.0 PD/sqmi. There were 4,607 housing units at an average density of 929.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 68.38% White, 25.63% African American, 0.11% Native American, 2.53% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.50% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.64% of the population.

There were 4,421 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,732, and the median income for a family was $53,979. Males had a median income of $43,259 versus $29,763 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,688. About 7.7% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Kroger operates its Cincinnati-area regional offices at 150 Tri-County Parkway in Springdale; Kroger is headquartered in nearby Cincinnati.

Transportation
The Butler County Regional Transit Authority and Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority both provide bus service to Springdale, allowing travel to Cincinnati, Hamilton and numerous other cities in the region.

Institutions

 * Cincom Systems
 * Humana RightSourceRx
 * Maple Knoll Village and WMKV
 * Tri-County Mall

title: Springdale, Ohio


text:
St. Bernard, Ohio

St. Bernard or Saint Bernard is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It is an enclave and suburb of Cincinnati. The population was 4,070 at the 2020 census.

History
St. Bernard was laid out in 1851 at the intersection of Main Street (now Vine Street, Cincinnati), the Miami and Erie Canal, and the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railway. The town was originally built up chiefly by Germans.

St. Bernard was incorporated as a village in 1878.

Geography
St. Bernard along with Norwood and Elmwood Place, is an enclave surrounded by the city of Cincinnati.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.56 sqmi, of which 1.55 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 4,070 people living in the village, for a population density of 2,651.47 people per square mile (1,023.97/km2). There were 2,093 housing units. The racial makeup of the village was 70.6% White, 20.2% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from some other race, and 6.6% from two or more races. 2.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,747 households, out of which 20.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 30.1% had a female householder with no spouse present. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31, and the average family size was 3.05.

15.8% of the village's population were under the age of 18, 68.7% were 18 to 64, and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.7. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the village was $68,373, and the median income for a family was $95,761. About 5.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over. About 70.2% of the population were employed, and 25.9% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,368 people, 1,869 households, and 1,090 families living in the village. The population density was 2818.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,128 housing units at an average density of 1372.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 80.0% White, 15.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 1,869 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.7% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age in the village was 38.2 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 10% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 28.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,924 people, 2,069 households, and 1,251 families living in the village. The population density was 3,196.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,195 housing units at an average density of 1,424.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 91.41% White, 6.46% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.63% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.

There were 2,069 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $37,356, and the median income for a family was $45,366. Males had a median income of $35,095 versus $26,672 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,036. About 7.3% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
St. Bernard has a joint public school district with the neighboring Village of Elmwood Place. The district is called St. Bernard-Elmwood Place Village Schools, and is separate from Cincinnati Public Schools. The district has one building for both the elementary and high school. The village is also home to two parochial schools; St. Clement Elementary and Roger Bacon High School.

St. Bernard is served by a branch of the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County.

title: St. Bernard, Ohio


text:
Terrace Park, Ohio

Terrace Park is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, and a suburb of Greater Cincinnati. The population was 2,355 at the 2020 census.

History
The primary document for the history of Terrace Park is "A Place Called Terrace Park" by Ellis Rawnsley (1992).

Rawnsley notes that the earliest human inhabitants of Terrace Park may have arrived as early as 12,000 years ago—the Paleo-Indians. Although "no traces of established settlements have ever been found," flints showing evidence of these nomadic people have been found in various locations in the areas surrounding Terrace Park.

Circa approximately 1000 B.C., settlements appeared in Hamilton County, Ohio.

According to Rawnsley, "Two thousand or more years ago, a primitive people built, in what is now Terrace Park, one of the largest of its kind of the 295 prehistoric earthworks ever found in Hamilton County."

Mounds from the Adena culture are found throughout a wide area which contains Terrace Park.

In January 1789, Abraham Covalt established a small fortified settlement called Covalt Station in what is now Terrace Park. The area was surrounded by Shawnee settlements, and the Shawnee were hostile towards the white settlement in their midst. Covalt Station had to be abandoned in 1792 due to continuing attacks by the Shawnee, and white settlers only returned after General "Mad Anthony" Wayne defeated the Native American Western Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers and secured the Treaty of Greenville which ceded all of southern Ohio (and other territory) to the United States. Before roads and railroads connected the village to other nearby settlements, such as Milford, most residents of Terrace Park kept cattle and chickens, and engaged in other agricultural activities for their own subsistence, and had "homesteads" as opposed to the ordered residential village of today.

Terrace Park was incorporated in 1893.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.22 sqmi, of which 1.17 sqmi is land and 0.05 sqmi is water. Terrace Park feeds into the Mariemont City School District, which includes Mariemont High School.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 2,355 people living in the village, for a population density of 1,985.67 people per square mile (766.48/km2). There were 800 housing units. The racial makeup of the village was 94.2% White, 0.1% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from some other race, and 4.2% from two or more races. 2.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 648 households, out of which 50.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.6% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 11.3% had a female householder with no spouse present. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10, and the average family size was 3.42.

35.7% of the village's population were under the age of 18, 54.3% were 18 to 64, and 10.0% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.1. For every 100 females, there were 112.7 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the village was $183,750, and the median income for a family was $191,250. About 0.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 0.0% of those age 65 or over. About 67.1% of the population were employed, and 83.1% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,251 people, 758 households, and 615 families living in the village. The population density was 1923.9 PD/sqmi. There were 806 housing units at an average density of 688.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.6% White, 0.1% African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 758 households, of which 48.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.6% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 18.9% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.38.

The median age in the village was 41.4 years. 35% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.6% were from 25 to 44; 32.3% were from 45 to 64; and 10.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,273 people, 760 households, and 646 families living in the village. The population density was 1,889.7 PD/sqmi. There were 794 housing units at an average density of 660.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.90% White, 0.18% African American, 0.57% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 760 households, out of which 51.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.1% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.0% were non-families. 14.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 35.6% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $95,530, and the median income for a family was $104,250. Males had a median income of $72,321 versus $41,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $42,391. About 1.7% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Rob Portman, Republican U.S. senator for Ohio (2011-2023)
 * John Robinson, famous for founding the John Robinson Circus

Notable animal

 * Tillie (elephant)

title: Terrace Park, Ohio


text:
Indian Hill, Ohio

The Village of Indian Hill is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of the Greater Cincinnati area. The population was 6,087 at the 2020 census. Prior to 1970, Indian Hill was incorporated as a village, but under Ohio law became designated as a city once its population was verified as exceeding 5,000. The municipality then changed its name to add "Village", and legally it is known as "The City of The Village of Indian Hill". The Village of Indian Hill is served by the Indian Hill Exempted Village School District (public school district).

According to Forbes, which authored a list of the wealthiest zip codes in Ohio, Indian Hill was in third place, directly behind the villages of Coldstream, another suburb within Greater Cincinnati, and Hunting Valley, just outside of Cleveland. The neighborhood's median household income, according to the United States Census Bureau and Forbes, was $194,643 as of 2021, while the median home value was listed at $918,000.

History
The Village of Indian Hill began as a farming community which prospered as the nearby Little Miami Railroad provided cost effective shipping to Cincinnati. From about 1904, Cincinnatians bought up its farmhouses as rural weekend destinations. They reached Indian Hill on the Swing Line, a train running between downtown Cincinnati and Ramona Station; the site is now the location of Indian Hill's administration building at Drake and Shawnee Run roads.

The rolling country appealed to a group of four Cincinnati businessmen who had built homes there in the early 1920s and envisioned a more ambitious rural settlement, persuading friends to join them in forming the Camargo Realty Company in 1924. Camargo assembled 12000 acre of farmland and divided some into 25 acre plots, sold for $75 to $150 per acre, and a district of grand mansions with stables and outbuildings grew up, with kennels that housed the Camargo Hunt. Some were authentic estates, such as the 1200 acre "Peterloon" of John J. Emery, which has since been subdivided into lots as small as 1 acre.

One hundred percent of Indian Hill is zoned as single-family residential or agricultural.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.65 sqmi, of which 18.55 sqmi is land and 0.10 sqmi is water. Its physical characteristics run the gamut from flat, open, grassy fields to heavily wooded, steeply sloped, mature canopy forest. There are meandering streams, dark pine stands, and intriguing geological formations with a plethora of fossils.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 6,087 people living in the city, for a population density of 326.08 people per square mile (125.90/km2). There were 2,228 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 86.9% White, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 7.1% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from some other race, and 4.8% from two or more races. 2.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,364 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 84.8% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 9.1% had a female householder with no spouse present. 10.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54, and the average family size was 2.69.

23.1% of the city's population were under the age of 18, 51.3% were 18 to 64, and 25.6% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.4. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $194,643, and the median income for a family was $214,180. About 0.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over. About 52.5% of the population were employed, and 79.4% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 5,785 people in 2,061 households, including 1,768 families, in the city. The population density was 311.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,236 housing units at an average density of 120.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White, 0.7% African American, 0.1% Native American, 5.7% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6%.

Of the 2,061 households, 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.2% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 14.2% were non-families. 12.4% of households were one person, and 7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age was 48.4 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.1% were from 25 to 44; 38.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.5% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 5,907 people in 2,066 households, including 1,751 families, in the city. The population density was 318.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,155 housing units at an average density of 116.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.41% White, 0.54% African American, 0.08% Native American, 3.88% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59%.

Of the 2,066 households, 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.3% were married couples living together, 2.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.2% were non-families. 14.4% of households were one person, and 8.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 16.1% from 25 to 44, 34.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% 65 or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median household income was $158,742 and the median family income was $179,356. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $66,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $96,872. About 1.6% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education
The educational needs of Indian Hill residents are served by the Indian Hill Exempted Village School District (public) and Cincinnati Country Day School (private). The Indian Hill Exempted Village School District comprises Indian Hill Primary School (K-2), Indian Hill Elementary School (3–5), Indian Hill Middle School (6–8), and Indian Hill High School (9–12). The Indian Hill Exempted Village School District also serves residents residing in parts of Symmes Township (Camp Dennison, Remington, Loveland) and Sycamore Township (Kenwood). Cincinnati Country Day School serves residents across the Greater Cincinnati area, as well as Indian Hill residents.

Notable people

 * Neil Armstrong, American astronaut and first person to walk on the Moon
 * William DeWitt Jr., Managing Partner and Chairman of the St. Louis Cardinals
 * Peter Frampton, English-American rock musician
 * Paul Hackett, attorney, congressional candidate
 * Mat Latos, pitcher for Miami Marlins
 * Marvin Lewis, former head coach of the Cincinnati Bengals
 * Carl Lindner Jr., businessman
 * Carson Palmer, American football quarterback
 * Mercer Reynolds, businessman
 * Marge Schott, president and CEO of the Cincinnati Reds
 * Rick Steiner, Broadway producer
 * Robert A. Taft, conservative American politician
 * Victory Van Tuyl, professional actress
 * J. J. Wolf, tennis player
 * Victoria Wells Wulsin, congressional candidate

title: Indian Hill, Ohio