text:
Pippa Passes, Kentucky

Pippa Passes is a home rule-class city located along Caney Fork in Knott County, eastern Kentucky, United States. Its formal name was chosen to honor benefactors of Alice Lloyd College. Residents commonly call the community "Caney" or "Caney Creek". The population was 533 at the 2010 census, up from 297 at the 2000 census. The small city is located in the mountainous Appalachia region, an area of coal mining.

History
This settlement was known as "Caney" or "Caney Creek" before 1916, when Alice Lloyd arrived from Boston, Massachusetts. She solicited funds for the construction of a local post office and the founding of Caney Creek Junior College, which were opened in 1917 and 1923, respectively.

Members of the Methodist church were active in what they called Home Missionary work in Pippa Passes around 1930. They performed a "missionary play" about the town in Princeton, New Jersey in 1930.

A donation from the Browning Society led to the post office's being named after Robert Browning's Pippa Passes. In this verse drama, he coined the phrase "God's in His heaven, all's right with the world." The U.S. Postal Service's official name for this location was "Pippapass" until 1955.

The city of Pippa Passes was incorporated by the state assembly on July 1, 1983.

Government
It is governed by a mayor elected at-large and a city council whose members are elected from single-member districts. As of 2009, the mayor is Scott Cornett. He is the baseball and basketball coach for the college. The local police department operates as a combined unit with the college's security organization.

Geography
Pippa Passes is in eastern Knott County at 37.33472°N, -82.87556°W (37.334629, -82.875490), in the valley of the Caney Fork. Kentucky Route 899 passes through the community, leading northeast down the valley of the Caney Fork 11 mi to Wayland and southwest then northwest 8 mi to Hindman, the Knott county seat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Pippa Passes has a total area of 1.15 km2, all of it recorded as land. The Caney Fork flows northeast to the Right Fork of Beaver Creek near Wayland and is part of the Levisa Fork watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 533 people, 44 households, and 26 families residing in the city. 439 people (82% of the population) lived in group quarters, i.e. college dormitories. The population density was 1,196 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.2% White, 1.3% African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.6% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 0.4% from two or more races.

Of the 44 households in the city, 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were headed by married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 11.3% of households were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14, and the average family size was 2.88.

5.1% of the city population were under the age of 18, 74.8% were from 18 to 24, 7.6% were from 25 to 44, 9.6% were from 45 to 64, and 2.8% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 20.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.

For the period 2013–17, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $65,500, and the median income for a family was $76,250. Male full-time workers had a median income of $33,750 versus $21,591 for females. The per capita income for the city, including the non-household population, was $9,432.

title: Pippa Passes, Kentucky


text:
Barbourville, Kentucky

Barbourville is a home rule-class city in Knox County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 3,165 at the 2010 census, down from 3,589 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Knox County. The city was formally established by the state assembly in 1812. It was incorporated in 1854 and then reincorporated in 1856.

Union College and the Appalachian Children's Home are located in Barbourville.

Geography
Barbourville is in the center of Knox County, in the valley of the Cumberland River where it is joined by Richland Creek. U.S. Route 25E passes through the east side of the city, leading northwest 16 mi to Corbin and southeast the same distance to Pineville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.95 km2, of which 6.79 sqkm are land and 0.16 sqkm, or 2.35%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,165 people, 1,211 households, and 662 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,027.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,646 housing units at an average density of 471.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.40% White, 3.23% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 1,211 households, out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 15.7% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $13,297, and the median income for a family was $20,762. Males had a median income of $31,775 versus $18,102 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,485. About 32.6% of families and 38.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.4% of those under age 18 and 30.5% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
Each year in early October, Barbourville hosts the Daniel Boone Festival, commemorating the pioneer who explored the area in 1775. The festival features open-air concerts, carnival attractions, a beauty pageant, a parade, and other events.

Starting in 2005, the Southern and Eastern Kentucky Tourism Development Association began sponsoring the Springtime Redbud Festival. The first celebration was at Pine Mountain State Resort Park, 20 mi south of Barbourville, but the celebration is now held on the campus of Union College (Kentucky). The Redbud Festival in April first featured a quilting workshop and now includes other traditions and crafts, including storytelling, art shows, dulcimer workshops, and a cooking school.

Voters in Barbourville in 2015 approved alcohol sales in the city after 82 years of prohibition established by local law in 1933. The measure won in a special election in December 2015, by a little more than 60 votes. This approval came three and a half years after voters rejected alcohol sales in another special election. The measure will allow alcohol sales in both stores and restaurants.

Public schools
Public schools are administered by Knox County Public Schools. Schools in Barbourville include:
 * Central Elementary School
 * G. R. Hampton Elementary School
 * Jesse D. Lay Elementary School
 * Knox County Middle School
 * Knox Central High School
 * Dewitt Elementary
 * Girdler Elementary
 * Flat Lick Elementary
 * Lynn Camp Schools

Independent schools
The Barbourville Independent School District administers Barbourville Elementary School and Barbourville High School.

Knox Appalachian School
The Knox Appalachian School is a public school serving the needs of the children committed to the Appalachian Children's Home.

Public library
Barbourville has a lending library, the Knox County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Green Adams (1812–1884), born in Barbourville, U.S. congressman
 * George Madison Adams (December 20, 1837 – April 6, 1920), U.S. congressman (1867–1875), Clerk of the United States House of Representatives in the 44th, 45th, and 46th Congresses (1875–1881), Secretary of State of Kentucky (1887–1891)
 * James D. Black (1849–1938), Kentucky governor (1919)
 * James S. Golden, U.S. representative, 1949–1955
 * Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court justice
 * John M. Robsion Jr., U.S. representative 1953–1959
 * Flem D. Sampson, Kentucky governor (1927–1931)
 * William A. Stanfill (1892–1971), U.S. senator (1945–1946)
 * Kenneth H. Tuggle, Lt. Governor of Kentucky (1943–1947)
 * Silas Woodson, Missouri governor

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Barbourville, Kentucky


text:
Hodgenville, Kentucky

Hodgenville is a home rule-class city in LaRue County, Kentucky, United States. It is the seat of its county. Hodgenville sits along the North Fork of the Nolin River. The population was 3,206 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Elizabethtown metropolitan area.

History
Robert Hodgen, a Pennsylvania native who moved to Virginia, purchased 10000 acre of land in the vicinity. In 1789, after the Revolutionary War, when settlers started moving west into Kentucky, he built a mill at the site. After his death, the community that developed around it was called "Hodgenville" upon the petition of his widow and children. The United States post office at the site, however, was known as "Hodgensville" from 1826 to 1904.

The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly on February 18, 1836.

Abraham Lincoln birthplace
Abraham Lincoln was born in a small cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville on February 12, 1809. About two years later, the family moved to another farm in the Hodgenville area. Despite claims made later, the cabin Lincoln was born in was likely destroyed by the time of his assassination.

The Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park labels the replica cabin, which was built thirty years after his death, the "Traditional Lincoln Birthplace Cabin". The significance of the two Hodgenville sites (birthplace and boyhood home) are found in the setting. Preservation of these two national sites allows visitors to see the landscape of the earliest period of Abraham Lincoln's life. The Lincoln Museum is opened for visitors downtown, and two bronze Abraham Lincoln statues stand at the town square, one of Lincoln as a child, the other as an adult.

Geography
Hodgenville is in central LaRue County, in the valley of the North Fork of the Nolin River, a west- and south-flowing tributary of the Green River. It is 12 mi southeast of Elizabethtown via Kentucky Route 61. U.S. Route 31E passes through the center of Hodgenville, leading northeast 24 mi to Bardstown and south 43 mi to Glasgow.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Hodgenville has a total area of 5.5 km2, of which 8687 sqm, or 0.16%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hodgenville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,874 people, 1,235 households, and 781 families living in the city. The population density was 1,667.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,349 housing units at an average density of 782.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.64% White, 11.27% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 1,235 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 18.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.76.

The age distribution was 22.8% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,132, and the median income for a family was $37,125. Males had a median income of $30,678 versus $18,095 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,794. About 16.9% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 21.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Hodgenville has a lending library, the LaRue County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Danny Little Bear, professional wrestler
 * Erin Boley, former University of Oregon basketball player who has also represented the US in international 3-on-3 competition
 * Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States; born in Hodgenville.

title: Hodgenville, Kentucky


text:
East Bernstadt, Kentucky

East Bernstadt is a census-designated place (CDP) and coal town in Laurel County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 716 at the 2010 census, down from 774 at the 2000 census.

Geography
East Bernstadt is located in northern Laurel County. U.S. Route 25 passes just to the southwest of the community, leading southeast 4 mi to London, the county seat, and northwest 12 mi to Livingston. Interstate 75 also passes to the southwest of East Bernstadt, but without any direct access, the closest being from the Hal Rogers Parkway in London.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the East Bernstadt CDP has a total area of 5.5 km2, of which 0.03 sqkm, or 0.46%, are water.

Tornado
During the evening of March 2, 2012, tornado that was rated EF-2 intensity by the National Weather Service (NWS) survey struck the community.

The tornado touched down at approximately 7:05pm EST about 4.3 mi west of East Bernstadt and traveled for 6.3 mi before lifting about 3.6 mi north-northeast of East Bernstadt at approximately 7:12pm EST.

The tornado was approximately 310 yards wide and killed six people. It took the home of Mike and Brenda Eversole along with his semi truck and trailer and all their belongings. He and family were in their home when this took place. The only thing that saved their life was the home slamming in the semi and turning it over. That impact slowed the part of their home stopping it from going through the woods with the rest of it. If it had not been there, four more deaths would have been on the total.

The tornado appears to have been the strongest near location 1, with estimated sustained winds of 125 mph. This is also roughly the area in which several homes were heavily damaged or destroyed, and where the five fatalities took place.

This tornado was just one of many associated with the outbreak that took place across the Ohio and Tennessee Valley region on Friday, March 2, 2012.

Education
Two public school districts serve K-12 students in East Bernstadt. East Bernstadt Independent School District operates a single K-8 school. High school students in the district may attend either high school in Laurel County Public Schools. The Adams' Association for Young, Educated, and Resolved Students, founded by former president John Quincy Adams in 1849, is a private institution operating in the East Bernstadt area.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 716 people, 312 households, and 237 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 371.6 PD/sqmi. There were 350 housing units at an average density of 168.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.22% White, 3.49% African American, 0.26% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.

There were 312 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $62,300.00, and the median income for a family was $28,162. Males had a median income of $25,227 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,592.00. About 16.2% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 23.9% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Robert Goforth, former Kentucky state representative, former Republican candidate for governor
 * Carl Hurley, nationally recognized comedian, author and lecturer
 * Joe Reaves, retired professional basketball player who played for the Phoenix Suns in the 1973–74 season of the National Basketball Association

title: East Bernstadt, Kentucky


text:
London, Kentucky

London is a home rule-class city in Laurel County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county. The population was 8,053 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the second-largest city named "London" in the United States and the fourth-largest in the world. It is part of the London, Kentucky micropolitan area. Of the seventeen micropolitan areas in Kentucky, London is the largest; the London micropolitan area's 2010 Census population was 126,368. London is also home to the annual World Chicken Festival that celebrates the life of Colonel Sanders and features the world's largest skillet.

History
Upon the establishment of Laurel County in 1825, a vote was held to provide for the new area's seat of government. The land offered by John Jackson and his son Jarvis Jackson was selected, along with their suggested name of London, honoring their English heritage. The town was founded the next year, its post office established in 1831, and its city rights granted in 1836.

One of John Jackson's sons was Hancock Lee Jackson, 13th governor of Missouri. His second cousin was Claiborne Fox Jackson, 15th governor of Missouri.

During the late 1930s and early 1940s, London served as a central collection agency for books donated to the Pack Horse Library Project. It also had a pack horse library which delivered books to rural residents in the mountains.

Geography
London is located in central Laurel County. U.S. Route 25 passes through London as its Main Street. Route 25 leads northwest 25 mi to Mount Vernon and south 13 mi to Corbin. Interstate 75, running parallel to US 25, passes along the western edge of London, with access from Exits 38 and 41. I-75 leads north 76 mi to Lexington and south 97 mi to Knoxville, Tennessee. The Hal Rogers Parkway runs along the northern edge of London, leading east 21 mi to Garrard and west 32 mi to Somerset.

According to the United States Census Bureau, London has a total area of 30.1 km2, of which 0.1 km2, or 0.39%, are water. Between the 2000 and 2010 censuses, the city annexed a significant portion of land.

Climate
London has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with continental influences. Summers are hot and humid with frequent storms. July is the warmest month, with an average high of 86 F and an average low of 66 F. Winters are cold with a few mild periods. January is the coldest month with an average high of 44 F and an average low of 26 F. The highest recorded temperature was 105 F on June 29, 2012, and the lowest recorded temperature was -25 F on January 19, 1994. May has the highest average rainfall of 4.92 in and October has the lowest average rainfall of 3.01 in.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,692 people, 2,400 households, and 1,461 families residing in the city. The population density was 738.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,676 housing units at an average density of 347.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.03% White, 1.83% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.

There were 2,400 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.3% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,283, and the median income for a family was $34,340. Males had a median income of $32,355 versus $19,873 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,046. About 19.4% of families and 20.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.9% of those under age 18 and 18.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public schools are administered by Laurel County Public Schools. The district has two comprehensive high schools: North Laurel High School and South Laurel High School.

There is a private school, London Christian Academy.

Colleges

 * Laurel Technical College
 * Somerset Community and Technical College (Laurel Campus)

Public library
London has a lending library, the Laurel County Public Library.

Economy
Major employers in London include:

 * ABC Group
 * Aisin
 * Bimbo Bakeries USA
 * Flowers Foods
 * Maximus
 * Hearthside Food Solutions
 * Highlands Diversified Services
 * Niflheim Finances
 * Springleaf Financial
 * Senture
 * SourceHOV
 * Walmart
 * Xerox
 * Serco

Transportation
Greyhound Lines provides service to London on its route serving Atlanta, Knoxville, and Detroit. Rural Transit Enterprises Coordinated provides on-demand public transportation to Laurel County and surrounding counties. Daniel Boone Transit and Harlan County Community Action Agency provide connecting services from other counties to Greyhound in London.

Notable people

 * Granville Pearl Aikman, Kansas state judge
 * Teel Bruner, College Football Hall of Fame inductee
 * Chera-Lyn Cook, Miss Kentucky 1998; placed 4th runner-up to Miss America 1999
 * Brady J. Deaton, Chancellor of the University of Missouri
 * Donald Harvey, serial killer
 * Silas House, author
 * Gene Huff, politician
 * Derek Lewis, American politician; born in London
 * Jamie Mosley, racing driver
 * Nan Phelps, artist
 * Flem D. Sampson, 42nd governor of Kentucky
 * Darrell Scott, musician
 * Reed Sheppard (born 2004), basketball player, picked 3rd overall in 2024 NBA draft by Houston Rockets

title: London, Kentucky


text:
Blaine, Kentucky

Blaine is a home rule-class city in Lawrence County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 47 at the 2010 census, down from 245 at the 2000 census.

History
Blaine was originally settled c. 1800 and established as a local trade center by 1882. The post office has been in operation since at least May 10, 1828 (Neri Swetnam, postmaster). Although the city was incorporated as "Blaine" on March 10, 1886, it was alternatively known as "Blainetown" or "Mouth of Hood" for the remainder of the 19th century.

In the 2016 city election, Brad Mattingly was elected mayor.

Geography
Blaine is located in western Lawrence County in the valley of Blaine Creek, a northeast-flowing tributary of the Big Sandy River. Hood Creek joins Blaine Creek from the south at Blaine.

Kentucky Route 32 passes through Blaine, leading east 18 mi to Louisa and west 20 mi to Sandy Hook. Kentucky Route 201 passes through the center of Blaine with KY 32 but leads north 13 mi to Webbville and south 18 mi to Staffordsville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.74 km2, of which 1757 sqm, or 0.24%, are water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 245 people, 95 households and 74 families residing in the city. The population density was 74.9 PD/sqmi. There were 113 housing units at an average density of 34.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.18% White, and 0.82% from two or more races.

There were 95 households, of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.89.

Age distribution was 25.3% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.

The median household income was $16,250, and the median family income was $24,000. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $9,688 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,740. About 29.4% of families and 39.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 51.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 21.2% of those 65 or over.

Education
Students residing in Blaine usually attend:
 * Blaine Elementary School
 * Lawrence County High School

Government
Blaine is governed by a city commission form of government. The city commission consisted of a panel of four members: Jared Howard, Jeremy Webb, Regina Jordan, and Steve Harvey.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Blaine has a Humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Blaine, Kentucky


text:
Louisa, Kentucky

Louisa is a home-rule class city located in eastern Kentucky, United States, at the merger of the Levisa and Tug Forks into the Big Sandy River, which forms part of the state's border with West Virginia. It is the seat of Lawrence County. The population was 2,467 at the 2010 census and an estimated 2,375 in 2018.

History
The origin of the city's name is unclear. Theories include that it was named for Louisa County, Virginia, after Louisa Swetnam, one of the first white children born in the area, or after a corruption of the original name of the Levisa Fork, as it was originally written and spoken as the "Louisa Fork." An 1856 map still shows the river under the name "Louisa." Virginia, Carolina and other English colonial-linked settlement attempts began as early as 1790 but did not take hold until 1818. Louisa became the county seat in 1822 and a city in 1823.

About 1792 Vancouver's Station, which had been destroyed by the Native Americans in 1790, on the tongue of land between the Levisa and Tug Forks of the Big Sandy, was reestablished. A few years later this settlement was known as "Balclutha" and is so designated on early maps of the state.

During the Civil War, Union troops under future president James A. Garfield occupied the city from December 1861 until the end of the war, despite several Confederate takeover attempts.

The Chattaroi Railroad (now a part of CSX) connected to Louisa in 1881. The city is also served by US 23.

The Big Sandy News, headquartered in Louisa, profiled the town in March 1888.

The first needle dam constructed in the United States was completed just north of town in 1896.

Geography
Louisa's eastern border is the Levisa Fork, and its northern border is the Big Sandy River, which also serves as the Kentucky–West Virginia border.

U.S. Route 23 passes through the western side of the city, leading north 30 mi down the valley of the Big Sandy River to Ashland on the Ohio River and southwest 28 mi to Staffordsville. Kentucky Route 3 passes through the center of Louisa on Madison Street; KY 3 leads northwest 7 mi to Fallsburg and southeast up the valley of the Tug Fork and Rockcastle Creek 25 mi to Inez. Kentucky Route 32 leads southwest from Louisa 18 mi to Blaine. West Virginia Route 37 leads east across the Tug Fork to Fort Gay, West Virginia.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Louisa has a total area of 5.9 sqkm, of which 0.05 sqkm, or 0.81%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Louisa has a Humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Points of interest
The bridge from Louisa, Kentucky to Fort Gay, West Virginia, is something of a geographic and architectural oddity. The quarter-mile concrete span spans two forks of the Big Sandy River, connects two states and has a right turn at its halfway point, which connects traffic to the Point Section neighborhood of Louisa. The current concrete and steel structure was constructed in 1979 and retrofitted in 2003.

"The Paveillon" (or more commonly known as "The Birdhouse") is a five story tall spire structure that serves as a gas station, rest stop, and a country music museum along U.S. Route 23 as it passes through the western side of the city. The structure was inspired by the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego, California and the Grand Floridian Resort in Orlando, Florida.

The Fred M. Vinson Museum and Welcome Center is the historical boyhood home of the 13th Chief Justice of the United States, and the first jail to be built in Lawrence County. It is located on the corner of Madison St. and Vinson Ave. The grave of Chief Justice Vinson can also be found at Pinehill Cemetery.

Culture
Every second weekend in September, Louisa hosts the regional Septemberfest that features several local and national acts performing for three days, as well as arts and crafts on the northwestern side of town, and the many food vendors featuring Southeastern cuisine.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,018 people, 927 households, and 548 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,496.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,065 housing units at an average density of 789.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.61% White, 0.50% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.20% of the population.

There were 927 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.8% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $16,690, and the median income for a family was $24,474. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,746. About 27.5% of families and 32.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.9% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over.

Secondary schools

 * Lawrence County High School

Primary schools

 * Louisa East Elementary School
 * Louisa West Elementary School
 * Louisa Middle School
 * The Millard School

Public library
Louisa has a lending library, the Lawrence County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Tyler Childers, folk/country/Americana singer
 * Cliff Fannin, baseball player
 * James A. Hughes, U.S. Congressman
 * Jason Michael, NFL coach
 * Chandler Shepherd (born 1992), baseball pitcher
 * Noah Thompson, 2022 American Idol winner
 * Frederick M. "Fred" Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States, 1946–1953
 * George and Leslie York, country music performers

title: Louisa, Kentucky


text:
Beattyville, Kentucky

Beattyville is a home rule class city in, and the county seat of, Lee County, Kentucky, United States. The city was formally established by the state assembly as "Beatty" in 1851 and incorporated in 1872. It was named for Samuel Beatty, a pioneer settler. The population was 1,307 at the 2010 census and an estimated 1,206 in 2018.

Geography
Beattyville is in central Lee County at the confluence of the North and South Forks of the Kentucky River, a tributary of the Ohio River in central Appalachia.

Kentucky Route 11 passes through the city, crossing the North and South Forks of the Kentucky on separate bridges. The highway leads north 30 mi to Stanton and south 45 mi to Manchester. Kentucky Route 52 joins KY 11 to cross the North Fork of the Kentucky River but leads northwest 22 mi to Irvine and east 24 mi to Jackson.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.0 km2, of which 0.02 sqkm, or 0.41%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Beattyville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,193 people, 509 households, and 294 families residing in the city. The population density was 599.6 PD/sqmi. There were 561 housing units at an average density of 282.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.99% White, 0.42% African American, 0.42% Asian, and 0.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.25% of the population.

There were 509 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.8% were married couples living together, 23.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.2% were non-families. 39.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 24.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 69.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 63.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $12,336, and the median income for a family was $21,181. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,850. About 39.1% of families and 41.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.7% of those under age 18 and 33.0% of those age 65 or over.

In 2010, Beattyville had the third-lowest median household income of all places in the United States with a population over 1,000. It was the poorest majority white town.

Education
Beattyville is served by the Lee County School District. Schools serving Beattyville include:
 * Lee County Elementary School (Unincorporated area)
 * Lee County Middle School
 * Lee County High School
 * Lee County Area Technology Center
 * Lee County Alternative Education School

There is also a Board of Education and Central Office Complex building.

The Lee County Board of Education has announced plans to close Beattyville Elementary and transfer the students to Southside Elementary. To accommodate the influx of students, an expansion of the facilities at Southside will be required. The decision was not popular with residents of the community The Board of Education exhausted its bonding capacity to fund the addition to Southside, so it proposed a tax increase in 2013 to fund other repairs at other facilities. Residents of the county signed a petition to place the tax increase on the ballot. The school board decided to delay the implementation of the tax until 2014 so as not to have to pay approximately $20,000 to fund a special election. The school board passed the tax in 2014 and again, a petition was filed placing the matter on the ballot for the fall 2014 general election. The proposed tax increase was defeated by a large margin at the polls.

Two private schools serve the area as well: Beattyville Christian Academy and Grace Baptist Academy.

Higher education
There are no higher education opportunities in Beattyville or Lee County. A number of technical colleges and universities are located within a 60 mi drive.

 * Hazard Community and Technical College, Lees College Campus, 18 miles
 * Kentucky Mountain Bible College, 24 miles
 * Berea College, 53 miles
 * Eastern Kentucky University, 45 miles
 * National College, Richmond Branch, 45 miles

Public library
Beattyville has a lending library, the Lee County Public Library.

Economy
The town's economy used to be based on coal mining, but this industry has pulled out of the area.

In the 21st century, major employers in Beattyville and Lee County include:
 * Three Forks Regional Jail (multi-county jail serving the east-central area of Kentucky, including Powell, Wolfe, Owsley, and Breathitt counties)
 * ACS, Affiliated Computer Systems (data and transaction processing)
 * Lee County Public Schools, the largest employer in Beattyville
 * Lee County Wood Products (sawmill)
 * Kentucky River Community Care (mental health facility serving the east Kentucky region)
 * People's Exchange Bank. Previously, the bank had its headquarters and two locations in Beattyville. The bank closed its downtown branch and moved its headquarters to Winchester, keeping one branch open in Beattyville.
 * Experience Works, Inc (non-profit organization and largest national grantee of Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) funds from the U.S. Department of Labor)
 * Lee County Care and Rehabilitation Center (nursing Facility with a 120-bed capacity)

The Lee Adjustment Center was constructed here and operated by Corrections Corporation of America as a private, for-profit, medium security prison, with a capacity of 800 inmates. The county hoped to provide jobs for local people at the prison. CCA had contracts with the states of Kentucky and Vermont to house prisoners here. Vermont prisoners rioted in 2004 and were joined by Kentucky prisoners. Kentucky removed its last inmates in 2010, and ended its contract with a CCA in 2013. Vermont removed its inmates in 2015. In November 2017, due to overcrowding at state owned facilities, the Kentucky Department of Corrections signed a new contract allowing CCA, now known as CoreCivic, to reactivate the vacant prison. These inmates would be transferred from the Kentucky State Reformatory in LaGrange. The prison reopened and began accepting inmates in March 2018.

Woolly Worm Festival
Since 1988, during the third weekend after the first Monday of October, the Main Street of Beattyville is closed to traffic for the annual Woolly Worm Festival. It operates for three days: Friday-"Opening Day", Saturday-"Parade Day", and Sunday-"Closing Day" (which also features a large car show).

The name "woolly worm" refers to the woolly bear caterpillar. The official mascot, "Woolly the Woolly Worm", is used as an image on some local merchandise and flyers. A round hay bale caricature of him stands beside the welcome sign to Beattyville. The festival is the outgrowth of a series of stories by Beattyville native Rosemary Kilduff (wife of Malcolm Kilduff) that tracked the predictions of winter weather based on local folklore. The severity of upcoming winter weather was said to be foretold by the relative proportions of black to brown coloration of the caterpillars. Kilduff penned columns in the local newspaper in the 1980s that collected woolly worm sightings by local residents.

During the festival, numerous musicians perform almost constantly on one of two stages, and dozens of booths offer a wide variety of merchandise and food. Helicopter tours of Beattyville and Lee County are available. The "Woolly Worm Races" are won by coaxing one of these "Hairy Caterpillars" to the top of a string. The first one to reach the top wins, with the only rule being "No Touching"; there is usually a cash prize for the winner.

The Woolly Worm Festival continues as a popular event attracting numerous tourists. Beattyville is a few minutes from Natural Bridge State Resort Park, another tourist destination.

Public services
The Beattyville City Police Department serves the city, and the Beattyville/Lee County Volunteer Fire Department covers the city and county. Emergency medical services are provided through a combined city-county dispatch center on River Drive. Beattyville Waterworks and Beattyville Sewer are also located in the city hall building on Main Street.

Healthcare
Beattyville has no hospital. Nearby facilities are in Irvine (Marcum and Wallace Memorial Hospital), Jackson (Kentucky River Medical Center), Winchester (Clark Regional Medical Center), Richmond (Baptist Health Richmond), Hazard (Hazard Appalachian Regional Medical Center), Manchester (Manchester Memorial Hospital), and several Lexington area hospitals.

Emergency medical services for Beattyville are provided by the Lee County Ambulance Service; they provide 24/7 Advanced Life Support and Basic Life Support emergency services to all citizens and visitors of Lee County. They transport patients primarily to Marcum and Wallace Memorial Hospital and KY River Medical Center, as well as providing non-emergency transportation services and a wheelchair transport van.

Utilities
Beattyville is served by Kentucky Utilities, while much of Lee County is served by Jackson Energy, based in McKee, Kentucky, that serves south-central Kentucky. Licking Valley RECC serves Northern Lee County. Natural Gas is served by Columbia Gas of Kentucky and Delta Natural Gas Company. Two water services exist, Beattyville Water Works serves the city and most of the county, and Southside Water Association serves the southern and east parts of Lee County.

Media
The television and radio station WLJC-TV/DT is headquartered in Beattyville. WLJC stands for Wonderful Lord Jesus Christ, and it is a Christian programming channel. Station coverage extends north to Georgetown; west to Bardstown; south to Whitley City; and east to Pikeville. The station is owned by Hour of Harvest, Inc.

title: Beattyville, Kentucky


text:
Hyden, Kentucky

Hyden is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Leslie County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 365 at the 2010 census. It is located at the junction of U.S. Route 421 and Kentucky Route 80, along the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River.

History
The area was first settled around 1800 by the Sizemores, a mixed-blood (Anglo and Native-American) family migrating from North Carolina, with a brief stay in Hawkins County, Tennessee, before making it to Kentucky. John "Rock House" Sizemore and his wife, Nancy (Bowling) Sizemore, lived in a rock house about a hundred yards up from the mouth of the creek which would later bear his name (Rockhouse Creek). John Rock House later sold the land to a Lewis man who then donated the land to the government, which became the town of Hyden. The town was established in 1878 and incorporated in 1882, and was named after John Hyden, a state senator of the time who helped form Leslie County. The mountainous terrain made the region difficult to access except by river, which was no longer the dominant form of transportation by the late 19th century, hindering growth.

Frontier Nursing University opened in Hyden in 1939.

Hyden briefly came to national attention when the Hurricane Creek mine disaster occurred in late 1970, 5 mi southeast of the city.

In July 1978, Richard Nixon came to Hyden to make his first public speech since resigning from the presidency during the Watergate crisis. Hyden was picked because Congressman Tim Lee Carter invited him to attend the dedication of a recreation facility and Nixon wanted a town that had heavily supported his presidential runs. Leslie County Judge-Executive C. Allen Muncy claimed the Nixon invitation prompted the U.S. Department of Justice to obtain indictments of him and his associates on vote-fraud charges; while on appeal for his conviction, he won renomination in the Republican primary but lost the 1981 general election to independent Kermit Keen.

Geography
Hyden is located in north-central Leslie County at 37.16333°N, -83.375°W (37.163456, -83.375065), in the valley of the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River. Most of the city is on the west side of the river, at the confluence of Rockhouse Creek from the west.

U.S. Route 421 and Kentucky Route 80 pass through Hyden as its Main Street, leading west 31 mi to Manchester. In the other direction, US 421 leads south up the Middle Fork valley and over Pine Mountain 34 mi to Harlan, while KY 80 leads northeast 17 mi to Combs, near Hazard. Kentucky Route 118 (Tim Couch Pass) is a three-lane highway leading northwest from Hyden 4 mi to the Hal Rogers Parkway at Thousandsticks. Kentucky Route 257 (Dryhill Road) is a local road that leads north from Hyden down the valley of the Middle Fork 11 mi to Confluence.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Hyden has a total area of 3.5 km2, of which 0.1 sqkm, or 2.99%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hyden has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 204 people, 95 households, and 58 families residing in the city. The population density was 256.0 PD/sqmi. There were 112 housing units at an average density of 140.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.51% White and 0.49% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 95 households, out of which 18.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.7% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 74.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,429, and the median income for a family was $32,500. Males had a median income of $24,792 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,966. About 3.2% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 24.4% of those 65 or over.

Education
Hyden has a lending library, the Leslie County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Leila Feltner Begley, secretary of state of Kentucky from 1970 to 1971

 * Mary Carson Breckinridge, founder of the first nurse midwifery school in the United States and champion of rural public health
 * Tim Couch, NFL quarterback
 * John Hensley, actor
 * Ken Keen, lieutenant general, former Military Deputy Commander of United States Southern Command
 * C. Wesley Morgan, businessman and Kentucky state legislator
 * The Osborne Brothers, bluegrass musicians
 * Betty Jean Robinson, gospel singer
 * Willie Sandlin, World War I Medal of Honor recipient

title: Hyden, Kentucky


text:
Blackey, Kentucky

Blackey is an unincorporated community in Letcher County, Kentucky, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 120. It is located near the early settlement of Indian Bottom. Blackey is thought to have been named after Blackey Brown, one of its citizens.

History
The history of Blackey began in 1908, after local resident Jim Brown was given permission to establish a post office on Elk Creek. He decided to name the post office "Blackey", after his brother Joseph "Blackey" Brown. Due to the area's massive coal deposits, the Lexington and Eastern Railroad ran a line through Blackey in November 1912. Over the next fifteen years, Blackey was transformed from a sleepy mountain town to a bustling modern city. It was chartered in November 1912 and incorporated on January 27, 1915. In 1913, the community became the home of the Stuart Robinson School, a Presbyterian settlement school that was to operate there until 1957. In 1917, the Blackey Coal Company was established as the first coal company in the community. The company constructed thirty houses and employed eighty miners.

In May 1927, a flash flood devastated the city. In one hour, the North Fork of the Kentucky River rose 18 ft, killing 26 people in Letcher County alone. Later in December a fire broke out, destroying most of the city's business district. Then in February 1928, another fire broke out and destroyed the rest of the town. Shortly afterwards, Blackey State Bank failed and the Great Depression ended the prosperity of the boom town.

Today, Blackey is home to just over 150 people, with only a few abandoned buildings and a few occupied homes on Main Street. Within the last few years, the city has seen some revitalization consisting of a Head Start, a new city water system, and a public library.

Geography
Blackey is located in western Letcher County at 37.14028°N, -82.97944°W (37.140413, -82.979368), in the valley of the North Fork of the Kentucky River. Kentucky Route 7 passes through the town, leading west and northwest down the North Fork valley 19 mi to Jeff, and northeast up the valley of Rockhouse Creek then north down the valley of the Right Fork of Beaver Creek 40 mi to Wayland. Kentucky Route 588 leads south and east up the North Fork of the Kentucky 15 mi to Whitesburg, the Letcher county seat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Blackey has a total area of 1.2 km2, of which 0.03 sqkm, or 2.72%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 153 people, 65 households, and 49 families residing in the city. The population density was 314.6 PD/sqmi. There were 73 housing units at an average density of 150.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.69% White and 1.31% from two or more races.

There were 65 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.66.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 17.0% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 34.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $19,250, and the median income for a family was $20,625. Males had a median income of $30,536 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,278. About 22.9% of families and 24.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 33.3% of those 65 or over.

Education
Blackey has a lending library, a branch of the Letcher County Library.

Arts and culture
Just across a small bridge is the C. B. Caudill Store & History Center, operated by Gaynell Begley. It was formerly a general store but has been converted into a history and community center.

title: Blackey, Kentucky


text:
Fleming-Neon, Kentucky

Fleming-Neon also known as Neon, is a home rule-class city in Letcher County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 770 at the 2010 census, down from 840 at the 2000 census.

History
The city was established by the Elkhorn Coal Corporation which moved into the area in 1913. Fleming was the location of the mine and was named for its first president, George W. Fleming. A city named "Chip" existed near the community that became Fleming; it was quickly built up and served as a trading center for the nearby coal towns. The train that hauled the coal out of Fleming would make stops in Neon. Local tradition holds that the conductor would holler instructions to people climbing aboard the train to "Knee On" and this was corrupted into the present name, replacing Chip. In 1977, the two towns were merged into Fleming-Neon during their municipal incorporation by the General Assembly.

Geography
Fleming-Neon is located in eastern Letcher County at 37.19444°N, -82.70583°W (37.194421, -82.705937). It is bordered to the east by the unincorporated community of McRoberts. Whitesburg, the county seat, is 12 mi to the southwest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Fleming-Neon has a total area of 4.2 km2, of which 2127 sqm, or 0.05%, are water. The city is in the valleys of the Wrights Fork and Yonts Fork, part of the upper watershed of the North Fork of the Kentucky River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 840 people, 351 households, and 244 families residing in the city. The population density was 509.0 PD/sqmi. There were 403 housing units at an average density of 244.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.55% White, 2.86% African American, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.

There were 351 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $18,421, and the median income for a family was $20,795. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,029. About 33.3% of families and 39.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 55.8% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Fleming-Neon High School served as the high school for the area for about 80 years. It was built in 1925 by the Elkhorn Coal Corporation to provide an educational system for the children of the coal miners. The school's mascot was a pirate, and the school colors were purple and gold. The original building was destroyed by fire on the night of February 11, 1958. Classes were held in the evenings in the Fleming-Neon Elementary School building until a new building was constructed in the same location as the old building. Classes resumed on the hill until June 6, 2005. The graduating class of 2005 was the last for Fleming-Neon High School due to consolidation with two other county schools, Whitesburg High School and Letcher High School, to form Letcher County Central High School.

Notable people

 * Martha Carson, singer
 * Jean Chapel, singer
 * Johnny Cox, Chicago Zephyrs professional basketball player
 * Hoover Dawahare, businessman and politician

title: Fleming-Neon, Kentucky


text:
Jenkins, Kentucky

Jenkins is a home rule-class city in Letcher County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2,203 as of the 2010 census.

History
In autumn of 1911, the Consolidation Coal Company purchased the current location of Jenkins as part of a 100000 acre tract of land in Pike, Letcher, and Floyd counties from the Northern Coal and Coke Company. After the acquisition was finalized, plans were made to extend the Lexington and Eastern Railroad from Jackson to a town named McRoberts. The plans also included the establishment of the town of Jenkins for George C. Jenkins, one of the Consolidation Coal Company's directors.

Because of the need of hundreds of homes and other structures, nine sawmills and two brickyards were erected. A dynamo was built to temporarily generate power for the houses. Next, a temporary narrow-gauge railroad was built over Pine Mountain from Glamorgan, Virginia, in order to carry supplies to further the development of the town. Jenkins's city government was established as soon as the businesses and land were put up for sale. The company even went as far to supply the town with its own marshals to enforce the law. Jenkins was finally incorporated as a sixth-class city on January 9, 1912.

Jenkins was home to minor league baseball from 1948 to 1951. The Jenkins Cavaliers played as members of the Class D level Mountain States League. Jenkins played home games at the Jenkins Athletic Field.

In 1956, Consolidation Coal sold Jenkins to Bethlehem Steel. Bethlehem Steel closed the mine in 1988.

Diana Baldwin and Anita Cherry are believed to have been the first women to work inside an American coal mine, and were the first women to work inside a mine who were members of the United Mine Workers of America. They began that work in 1973 in Jenkins.

During the Southeast Kentucky floods of 2020, water spilled over the top of the Elkhorn Lake dam above Jenkins, which is considered one of Kentucky's most dangerous. About 30 percent of Jenkins is vulnerable to flooding in the event of a dam break, and the town lacks a comprehensive emergency plan.

Geography
Jenkins is located in eastern Letcher County at 37.18°N, -82.63222°W (37.179914, -82.632148). Its southern border is the Kentucky–Virginia state line, following the crest of Pine Mountain.

U.S. Route 23 passes through Jenkins, leading north 29 mi to Pikeville and south over Pine Mountain 21 mi to Norton, Virginia. U.S. Route 119 leads southwest from Jenkins 12 mi to Whitesburg, the Letcher county seat, and north with US 23 to Pikeville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 23.0 km2, of which 22.9 km2 are land and 0.1 km2, or 0.34%, are water. The city is in the valley of Elkhorn Creek, a northeast-flowing tributary of the Russell Fork, part of the Levisa Fork–Big Sandy River watershed flowing north to the Ohio River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,401 people, 968 households, and 671 families residing in the city. The population density was 281.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,122 housing units at an average density of 131.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.96% White, 1.08% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.29% of the population.

There were 968 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,143, and the median income for a family was $25,985. Males had a median income of $31,087 versus $21,333 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,358. About 24.6% of families and 29.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.3% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Jenkins has a lending library, a branch of the Letcher County Library.

Jenkins Independent Schools operates in the city. The district includes Jenkins and the nearby community of Burdine. The district operates two schools, Jenkins Middle High School and Burdine Elementary. The current superintendent is Damian Johnson.

Arts and culture
The David A. Zegeer Coal-Railroad Museum is housed in town in a historic railroad depot.

Jenkins Homecoming Days is an annual festival usually celebrated in August.

Notable people

 * Kenny Baker, fiddle player and member of Bluegrass Boys
 * Matt Figger, basketball head coach at Austin Peay University
 * Darwin K. Kyle, Medal of Honor recipient
 * Francis Gary Powers, pilot whose CIA U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over Soviet Union airspace; dramatized in Steven Spielberg's film Bridge of Spies
 * Gary Stewart, country musician and songwriter
 * Milt Ticco, All-American basketball player at University of Kentucky and early professional in National Basketball League

title: Jenkins, Kentucky


text:
McRoberts, Kentucky

McRoberts is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Letcher County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 741 at the 2020 United States Census, down from 784 at the 2010 census. McRoberts is in the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield region.

Geography
McRoberts is located in northeastern Letcher County at 37.20826°N, -82.67247°W. It is bordered to the southwest by the city of Fleming-Neon and to the southeast by the city of Jenkins.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 14.5 km2, of which 6881 sqm, or 0.05%, are water. The community is in the valley of the Wright Fork, a headwater tributary of the North Fork of the Kentucky River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 921 people, 359 households, and 272 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 169.2 PD/sqmi. There were 397 housing units at an average density of 73.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.16% White, 6.08% African American, 0.11% Native American, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 359 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $18,333, and the median income for a family was $19,635. Males had a median income of $29,479 versus $18,438 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,531. About 28.0% of families and 33.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.5% of those under age 18 and 20.8% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people
Paul Toth, a major league pitcher in the 1960s, was born in McRoberts, although he grew up in Youngstown, Ohio.

title: McRoberts, Kentucky


text:
Whitesburg, Kentucky

Whitesburg is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Letcher County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2,139 at the 2010 census and an estimated 1,875 in 2018. It was named for John D. White, a state politician.

History
Whitesburg was founded in 1842 on land offered by Stephen Hiram Hogg to build the county seat. Previously called Summit city, it was renamed for John D. White who had introduced Letcher county's enactment bill in the State legislature.

Geography
Whitesburg is located in central Letcher County at 37.11778°N, -82.82111°W (37.117867, -82.821068) in the valley of the North Fork of the Kentucky River, 5 mi west of the border of Kentucky and Virginia.

Kentucky Route 15 passes through the city, leading northwest 31 mi to Hazard. It has its eastern terminus in the east part of Whitesburg at U.S. Route 119. US 119 leads northeast 11 mi to U.S. Route 23 at Jenkins and southwest over Pine Mountain 20 mi to Cumberland.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Whitesburg has a total area of 8.3 km2, of which 8.1 sqkm are land and 0.2 sqkm, or 2.23%, are water.

Climate
Whitesburg is located within a climatic transition zone between the humid subtropical climate and the humid continental climate zones. Summers are hot, humid and wet. July is the warmest month, with an average high of 86 F and an average low of 63 F. Winters are generally cool to cold, with occasional snowfall. January is the coldest month, with an average high of 44 F and an average low of 21 F. May receives the most precipitation with an average of 5.83 in. The highest recorded temperature was 97 F in 1998, and the lowest recorded temperature was -15 F in 1996.

Demographics
According to the census of 2000, there were 1,600 people, 642 households, and 412 families residing in the city. The population density was 516.9 PD/sqmi. There were 733 housing units at an average density of 236.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.19% White, 0.62% African American, 2.62% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population.

There were 642 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.1 males.

As a result of a survey taken subsequent to the census it was established that the city's population was made up of 3,100 residents. 1,241 households were left out of the census because neither the residents of Whitesburg's Housing Project nor residents of the Letcher Manor Nursing Home were counted in the census. When these facilities are included in the population count the number of city residents climbs to 3,100.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $35,714. Males had a median income of $31,339 versus $25,478 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,202. About 22.0% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.2% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Whitesburg has a lending library, a branch of the Letcher County Library.

Letcher County Public Schools is based in Whitesburg. The district operates seven schools, one high school, one alternative education center, and an area technology center. Whitesburg has two schools located within the city limits, Whitesburg Elementary and Whitesburg Middle, as well as Letcher County Central High School, which is located just outside the city limits in the neighboring community of Ermine.

Media
Whitesburg's major newspaper is The Mountain Eagle. Founded by Nehemiah Webb in 1907, the weekly paper has been owned by the Gish family of Letcher County since 1956. The Eagle has won numerous awards for its coverage of strip mining and its environmental effects, as well as education, and political corruption.

Whitesburg's oldest continuously operating radio station, WTCW-AM/WXKQ-FM, is located 5 mi outside the city near the community of Mayking. The license holder is T.C.W. Broadcasting, Inc. and is one of 18 radio stations owned and operated by Forcht Broadcasting, a Forcht Group of Kentucky company. The public radio station licensed for Whitesburg, WMMT, is located at Appalshop in downtown Whitesburg.

Arts and culture

Whitesburg is the home of Appalshop, a nonprofit aimed at helping people tell stories and educate others about Appalachia.

 * Country Music Highway Road Rally - This antique car rally begins at Greenup, Kentucky, traverses the length of U.S. 23 in Kentucky, and ends at Whitesburg. Held during the peak color season in October, the rally draws sightseers from around the nation. Every county along the route is the home of at least one country music artist.
 * Cowan Creek Mountain Music School - A set of week-long intensive classes in banjo, guitar, fiddle, square dance, storytelling and singing. The school is held in late June at the community of Cowan and in Whitesburg. It is open to children and adults.
 * Letcher County Marching Invitational - On the last Saturday of October, the Letcher County Central High School Marching Band hosts a day of competition for marching bands from southeast Kentucky, southwest Virginia, and northeast Tennessee. The contest has brought in groups from five states.
 * Riverside Days, formally Jenkins Days, is a three-day event held at Riverside Park in Whitesburg, next to the hospital. The festival includes country headliners, sponsored by Jenkins Festival Committee, Inc. and Coca-Cola; Mountain Outreach Idol; local performers; bluegrass; Gospel; Rock; Country; food and craft booths; rides; a mechanical bull; bungee jump; prizes and fun.
 * The Mountain Heritage Festival - Fall festival held annually the last weekend of September. The festival features talent shows, concerts, arts and crafts, food booths, a parade, and window display competition.

Notable people

 * Margaret Katherine Banks, 26th president of Texas A&M University and the former dean of the College of Engineering
 * Harry M. Caudill, author, historian, professor, lawyer, legislator, and environmentalist, 1922–1990
 * Jessamyn Duke, Former martial arts fighter and Former professional wrestler who competed in WWE from 2018 to 2021
 * Emery L. Frazier, mayor, state representative, Chief Clerk of the U.S. Senate, Secretary of the U.S. Senate, 1896–1973
 * Tom Gish, publisher of The Mountain Eagle
 * Goebel Ritter, player for the New York Knicks (1948–1951), and assistant superintendent of Whitesburg schools
 * Lee Sexton, traditional Appalachian banjo musician
 * Robb Webb, voice artist

title: Whitesburg, Kentucky


text:
Concord, Kentucky

Concord is a home rule-class city in Lewis County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 19 at the 2020 census, making it the second least populated city in Kentucky after South Park View It is part of the Maysville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Concord is located in northwestern Lewis County on the south bank of the Ohio River. Kentucky Route 8 has its western terminus in the city and leads southeast 15 mi to Vanceburg, the Lewis county seat. Kentucky Route 57 has its eastern terminus in Concord and leads southwest 11 mi to Tollesboro. The nearest crossings of the Ohio River are the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge, 24 mi by road west of Concord at Maysville, and the Carl Perkins Bridge, 34 mi east of Concord at South Portsmouth.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.19 km2, of which 0.16 km2 are land and 0.03 km2, or 16.67%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 13 households, and 9 families residing in the city. The population density was 478.4 PD/sqmi. There were 16 housing units at an average density of 273.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.43% White, and 3.57% from two or more races.

There were 13 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.30.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 14.3% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 50.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $18,125, and the median income for a family was $20,625. Males had a median income of $11,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $7,897. There were no families and 23.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Concord, Kentucky


text:
Vanceburg, Kentucky

Vanceburg is a home rule-class city in Lewis County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,428 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Lewis County.

Vanceburg is part of the Maysville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Vanceburg is located in northern Lewis County on the south bank of the Ohio River. Kentucky Route 9/10, the AA Highway, runs through the southern part of the city, leading west 16 mi to Tollesboro. To the east KY 10 and the Greenup spur of the AA Highway lead east 29 mi to the Ohio River at the Jesse Stuart Memorial Bridge near Lloyd, while KY 9 and the Grayson spur of the AA Highway lead southeast 30 mi to Interstate 64 at Grayson. Kentucky Route 8 also runs through Vanceburg, closer to the center of town. It leads northwest (downstream) along the Ohio River 13 mi to Concord and east (upstream) 9 mi to Garrison.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Vanceburg has a total area of 3.2 km2, of which 0.1 sqkm, or 3.45%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Vanceburg has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

History
Founded in 1797, Vanceburg is named for a cofounder of the city, William Vance. Joseph Baird and William Vance received land rights and divided the area into parcels for sale. While Baird was the header of the project, the two agreed that a coin toss would settle who the town would be named after. Baird won the toss and the name “Bairdstown” was decided upon. However, the two soon decided that “Bairdstown” too closely resembled the already established city of Bardstown, Kentucky. After reaching this conclusion the pair settled on the name "Vanceburg". The city and surrounding area originally thrived on salt productions and mines located along and in Salt Lick Creek, which flows through the city and inland through much of the heart of the county. Vanceburg was once a thriving production city, with a small train station and a bustling downtown area. In 1937 the city was flooded, as were many cities along the river, which crested at 75 ft. A crest mark could once be found marked on the old Lock and Dam building west of Vanceburg on KY 8 but is no longer visible. During the flood all of downtown Vanceburg was under water. As a result, 1st Street of Vanceburg was washed into the river. The section of bank on which the homes and businesses once sat slid into the raging stream. Now, one will notice that there is no "1st Street" in the city, only "Front Street". The city streets were renamed according to their order back from Front Street. Front Street now is the nearest street to the river and sits nearly directly on the river bank.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,731 people, 672 households, and 411 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,502.4 PD/sqmi. There were 752 housing units at an average density of 652.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.38% White, 0.64% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.

There were 672 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $15,938, and the median income for a family was $20,000. Males had a median income of $18,409 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,275. About 32.9% of families and 37.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.4% of those under age 18 and 27.8% of those age 65 or over.

In 2010, Vanceburg had the 23rd-lowest median household income of all places in the United States with a population over 1,000.

Education
The residents of Lewis County are served by the Lewis County Schools. The main complex is located west of Vanceburg on KY 10. There are four elementary schools still in operation within the county. They are Lewis County Central Elementary, located in Vanceburg, Garrison Elementary, located east of Vanceburg in the town of Garrison, Tollesboro Elementary, located west of Vanceburg in the town of Tollesboro, and Laurel Elementary, located south east of Vanceburg in the Laurel area of Lewis County. Upon entering 7th grade all 7th grade students attend Lewis County Middle School located west of Vanceburg on KY 10. LCMS hosts two grade levels, 7th and 8th. Up until the 2019 school year the school also hosted 6th grade from students in Vanceburg. However, 6th grade will be moving to the newly completed Lewis County Central Elementary building on the same grounds as the original building. Upon completing 8th grade students attend Lewis County High School, which sets adjacent to the middle school. LCHS hosts grades 9-12 and was a nationally distinguished school in 2015, 2016, and 2018.

Vanceburg has a lending library, the Lewis County Public Library.

Notable people

 * James Baird, University of Michigan Quarterback and prominent engineer.
 * Ralph Davis, basketball player
 * Faith Esham, performer (opera) and recitalist
 * Thomas Massie, congressman
 * Thomas H. Paynter, U.S. senator, 1907–1913

title: Vanceburg, Kentucky


text:
Crab Orchard, Kentucky

Crab Orchard is a home rule-class city in Lincoln County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 841 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Crab Orchard was near the end of the Logan Trace of the Wilderness Road and was an early pioneer station. There are several mineral springs in the area, and from 1827 until 1922, taverns and hotels were located at Crab Orchard Springs. The post office was established in 1815, with Archibald Shanks its first postmaster.

Crab Orchard was a station on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

Crab Orchard was the birthplace of Thomas L. Smith, a mountain man also known as "Pegleg" Smith.

Geography
Crab Orchard is located in eastern Lincoln County in the Knobs 3 miles west of the Rockcastle County line. U.S. Route 150 passes around the southern and western edges of the city, leading northwest 11 mi to Stanford, the county seat, and southeast 13 mi to Mount Vernon. Kentucky Route 39 passes through Crab Orchard as Main Street, leading north 12 mi to Lancaster and south 28 mi to Somerset.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Crab Orchard has a total area of 4.6 km2, of which 0.03 sqkm, or 0.66%, are water. The city is 1 mi southwest of the Dix River, a northwest-flowing tributary of the Kentucky River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 842 people, 373 households, and 227 families residing in the city. The population density was 607.9 /sqmi. There were 435 housing units at an average density of 314.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.15% White, 1.54% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 373 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,184, and the median income for a family was $31,111. Males had a median income of $26,607 versus $18,889 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,706. About 17.7% of families and 27.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.1% of those under age 18 and 27.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Crab Orchard, Kentucky


text:
Hustonville, Kentucky

Hustonville is a home rule-class city in Lincoln County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 405 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The community was originally known as The Crossroads from its location on trails connecting the Kentucky and Green rivers and the Falls of the Ohio with Logan's Fort (present-day Stanford). It was then known as Farmington and, after the 1818 erection of a post office, Hanging Fork after a local stream named for two bandits who were hanged by Virginia officers rather than escorted back for trial. For three months in 1826, it was known as New Store, but the name then returned to Hanging Fork. When the town was established on February 29, 1836, it was renamed Hustonville after two local landowners; the post office adopted the name the next year. The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1850.

During the mid 19th and early 20th centuries, Hustonville was home to Christian College. The school was established following a fundraising campaign by William Logan Williams, who had been instrumental in securing money for church construction in the city. Future U.S. senator and Governor of Kentucky, Augustus O. Stanley, served as chair of belles-lettres at the school in 1890.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all land. The city is concentrated along Kentucky Route 78 (Main Street), just east of its intersection with U.S. Route 127, in northwestern Lincoln County. The city lies near the headwaters of Hanging Fork Creek, a tributary of the Dix River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 347 people, 165 households, and 100 families residing in the city. The population density was 628.9 /sqmi. There were 181 housing units at an average density of 328.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.83% White, 1.15% African American, 0.29% Asian, and 1.73% from two or more races.

There were 165 households, out of which 21.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 17.3% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 25.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $45,000. Males had a median income of $29,167 versus $22,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,379. About 9.6% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 30.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Hustonville, Kentucky


text:
Stanford, Kentucky

Stanford is a home rule-class city in Lincoln County, Kentucky, United States. It is one of the oldest settlements in Kentucky, having been founded in 1775. Its population was 3,487 at the 2010 census and an estimated 3,686 in 2018. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. Stanford is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Stanford was founded in 1775 by Benjamin Logan as "St. Asaph"; the early settlement was also known simply as "Logan's Fort". The site of the fort is about one mile west of the courthouse at the center of town. The name "Fort Logan" is still used to this day by local businesses, including the Fort Logan Hospital and Standing Fort Collectibles. The main street was built on what was originally a buffalo trail.

The name "Stanford" may have come from "Standing Fort", a name given to Fort Logan because it survived multiple attacks by British-led Native Americans during the American Revolution. Alternately, it may have been named for Stamford, England. Although it was one of the smaller pioneer forts, it never fell to an attack.

In 1781, the original settlement expanded when Benjamin Logan donated part of his own land as the site for a courthouse. The county court continued to meet at Fort Harrod (now Harrodsburg) until 1785, when Mercer County was established. By 1786 Stanford had received its charter, making it one of the first towns in the former (1776–1780) Kentucky County, Virginia, with a formal charter. In 1787 the courthouse opened in a building made of logs. It has been expanded and upgraded over time, but the courthouse remains on the same site. Unlike most courthouses in Kentucky, it has never suffered from a fire or other major loss of records. Lincoln County has all its original records and archives dating from November 1789, making it one of the more complete archives in Kentucky. Among its original land deeds kept on vellum are deeds granting land to both Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton.

The first recorded church in Stanford was a Presbyterian church built in 1790, reflecting the staunch Presbyterian beliefs of the Logan family. The building still stands and is now part of the Harvey Helm Memorial Historic Library and Museum on Main Street. Other denominations, including Baptist and Methodist, were not established in the area until the 1830s. The current Presbyterian Church in Stanford has stood on the same site since around 1850.

A small local library was first established in the 1830s. The library was renamed in 1970 in honor of Harvey Helm, a native son who became a Kentucky statesman and member of the United States House of Representatives between 1909 and 1917.

The first school was built sometime in the 1850s, as the Male Academy. It was established in a building that is now the Fox Funeral Home on West Main Street. The corresponding Female Academy was built in the 1870s. The Stanford School was founded in 1900, and after much expansion, still serves, now as the Lincoln County Student Support Center.

Largely untouched by the American Civil War (the nearest conflict was the Battle of Perryville, 20 mi away), Stanford grew significantly in the post-war period. In the late 1860s, the town gained its own newspaper, the Stanford Banner, which is still publishing as the Interior Journal. The city continued to grow, especially after the Louisville and Nashville Railroad built a station and line into the town in late 1865. Now the railroad line has closed, and the tracks were removed in 1988, leaving only a small spur line that connects to Mount Vernon, 24 mi to the southeast. However, the railway depot has been restored, and Stanford is notable as the location of the first automobile garage in Kentucky, which opened in 1905.

Geography
Stanford is located in south-central Kentucky in the southernmost extent of the Bluegrass region along the Southern Knobs in northern Lincoln County. U.S. Route 27 passes through the east side of the city, leading northeast 8 mi to Lancaster and 43 mi to Lexington, and south 32 mi to Somerset. U.S. Route 150 passes through the northern side of the city, leading northwest 10 mi to Danville and southeast 24 mi to Mount Vernon.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Stanford has a total area of 10.8 km2, of which 0.1 sqkm, or 0.85%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,430 people, 1,417 households, and 919 families residing in the city. The population density was 1114.5 /sqmi. There were 1,522 housing units at an average density of 494.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.97% White, 8.10% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.37% of the population.

There were 1,417 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.85.

22.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,087, and the median income for a family was $32,550. Males had a median income of $28,583 versus $20,975 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,811. About 15.9% of families and 20.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.4% of those under age 18 and 27.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Stanford has a lending library, the Lincoln County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Marv Foley, baseball player
 * Anthony Gale, commandant of the United States Marine Corps
 * Basil Hayden, All-American athlete and collegiate basketball coach
 * Harvey Helm, congressman and statesman
 * Laura Kirkpatrick, the runner-up of the thirteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model
 * California Joe Milner, miner and frontier scout
 * Richard C. Saufley, naval aviation pioneer
 * William Lewis Sublette, fur trapper, pioneer, and mountain man, who along with his five brothers after 1823 became agents of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company (and later one of its owners)
 * William Whitley, early pioneer
 * Thomas J. Wright, artist and filmmaker, known for his work on the television series Night Gallery

title: Stanford, Kentucky


text:
Carrsville, Kentucky

Carrsville is a home rule-class city beside the Ohio River in Livingston County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 50 at the 2010 census, declining from 64 as of 2000. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is situated just west of the junction of where Buck Creek empties into the Ohio River.

Geography
Carrsville is located in northern Livingston County at 37.39806°N, -88.375°W (37.398063, -88.375113). To the north, across the Ohio River, is Hardin County, Illinois. The nearest river crossing is the Cave-In-Rock Ferry 13 mi upstream (east). The nearest bridges over the Ohio are the Shawneetown Bridge 36 mi upriver at Old Shawneetown, Illinois, and the Brookport Bridge 43 mi downriver at Paducah.

Kentucky Route 135 passes through Carrsville, leading east 14 mi to Kentucky Route 91 near the Cave-In-Rock Ferry, and south 12 mi to U.S. Route 60 at Burna.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Carrsville has a total area of 0.17 km2, all land.

Name
Carrsville was named for Billy Karr, who laid out the town c. 1840.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 64 people, 35 households, and 17 families residing in the city. The population density was 367.7 PD/sqmi. There were 51 housing units at an average density of 293.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.88% White, and 3.12% from two or more races.

There were 35 households, out of which 11.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.4% were non-families. 48.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.83 and the average family size was 2.53.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 14.1% under the age of 18, 3.1% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 25.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 129.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,500, and the median income for a family was $26,250. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,289. There were 12.5% of families and 9.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 31.3% of those over 64.

title: Carrsville, Kentucky


text:
Talk:Time (magazine)

So... from 1941 to 1987, nothing happened at Time (magazine); THAT'S flabbergasting, isn't it? B-class article or Z-class article, that's the question! AlainR345Techno-Wiki-Geek 03:09, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

"Time (Magazine)" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_(Magazine)&redirect=no Time (Magazine)] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Nickps (talk) 22:15, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

Move citations into refs?
There are multiple places where the article says, "According to Book X, blah...". Would someone like to move those into refs with proper citations (including authors, publisher, isbn numbers, etc)? -- Gnuish (talk) 14:19, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

missing my package
Tumu delivered 4/18 /24, I didn't get the package TRACK # IzGG760YW71694317, PLEASE RESPONSE ME I CALLED USPS NO ANSWE 40.135.124.221 (talk) 07:48, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Time (magazine)