text:
Aliceville, Alabama

Aliceville is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States, located thirty-six miles west of Tuscaloosa. At the 2010 census its population was 2,486, down from 2,567 in 2000. Founded in the first decade of the 20th century and incorporated in 1907, the city has become notable for its World War II-era prisoner-of-war camp, Camp Aliceville. Since 1930, it has been the largest municipality in Pickens County.

History
In 1902 the settlement that would become Aliceville was founded with the opening of a single store. The city was named in honor of the wife of John T. Cochrane, founder of the Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Railroad and moving force behind the construction of the short line from Carrollton, Alabama to Aliceville. Within two years of the completion of the short line, Aliceville had grown to what the Montgomery Advertiser called in 1905 "a town of considerable pretensions. There are about a dozen stores, a bank, public buildings and numerous enterprises."

In 1907 an election was scheduled to allow the citizens of Aliceville to decide whether their community should be incorporated. Incorporation was approved by the voters, and on March 19, 1907, a municipal election was held to choose municipal officers, including a mayor and five aldermen: T.H. Sommerville, J.M. Summerville, A. Hood, J.D. Sanders, W.E. Stringfellow, and J.B. Cunningham, respectively.

In August 1907 a black man named Gibson was lynched in Aliceville, which caused civil disturbances in the community. Rumors swirled that "the negroes were arming themselves," and a group of blacks on horseback were fired on in the street. Gibson's father was subsequently "ordered to leave the county on account of some impertient (sic) talk."

By March 1908, municipal officials had decreed that all streets should have ten-foot sidewalks built on both sides. Property owners were to be responsible for building the sidewalks in front of their parcels. This work, along with the paving of the streets, was largely completed by June 1910 and the city began considering the installation of water and electricity.

Camp Aliceville
During World War II, a Prisoner-of-war camp was set up in Aliceville to hold 6,000 German prisoners, most from the Afrika Korps, although the population of the camp rarely exceeded 3,500. The camp operated between June 2, 1943 and September 30, 1945. Prisoners were brought to the camp via the St. Louis – San Francisco Railway.

The only remaining trace of the camp is an old stone chimney. However, there is a German POW collection at the Aliceville Museum and Cultural Arts Center which retains documentation from the camp including maps, photographs, camp publications, letters, and artwork.

1960
During the civil rights movement, organizing in small communities such as Aliceville was often more dangerous for activists than it was in larger cities because of their isolation. As late as 1965, according to James Corder, a Primitive Baptist minister from Aliceville, Pickens County had not yet experienced any civil unrest related to the movement. Jordan was inspired by the Selma to Montgomery marches in March of that year to organize a civil rights group in Aliceville, which he called the "Rural Farm and Development Council" in order to avoid scrutiny. The group organized protests at the Aliceville city hall to oppose officially sanctioned racism in the city.

In September 1969 black students held protests against the principal of an all-black school in Aliceville, prompting governor Albert Brewer to send National Guard troops into the city. Two of the city's all-black schools were closed on September 4 due to the demonstrations, and they reopened the next day under National Guard supervision.

1970s and 1980s
In 1982, Aliceville native Maggie Bozeman testified at Congressional hearings held in Montgomery, Alabama, concerning proposed amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. She testified that as late as 1980 in Aliceville and Pickens County voting took place in the open rather than in private booths and that white police officers were stationed in polling places, taking photographs of people who assisted black voters. This revelation outraged Republican congressman Henry Hyde, who had previously been unconvinced of the necessity of amending the law.

Bozeman's testimony followed her 1979 arrest, conviction, and sentencing for vote fraud. Bozeman and fellow political activist Julia Wilder of Olney, Alabama were given "the sternest sentences for a vote fraud conviction in recent Alabama history": five years for Wilder and four for Bozeman. The sentences were upheld on appeal, prompting the formation of an organization, the National Coalition to Free Julia Wilder and Maggie Bozeman and Save the Voting Rights Act, and a march through Aliceville from Carrollton, Alabama, to Montgomery to publicize their cause.

The United States Department of Justice sent eight poll-watchers to Aliceville to observe the 1984 primary election runoffs following reports from observers of the July 1984 main primaries.

And after
In November 2013 three tanker cars carrying crude oil exploded when an Alabama and Gulf Coast Railway train derailed near Aliceville. As of March 2014, the cleanup of the spilt oil was still not complete, despite four months of work. About 750,000 gallons of Bakken crude was released.

Geography
Aliceville is located at 33.12639°N, -88.15444°W (33.126276, -88.154427). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.5 sqmi, all land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Aliceville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Aliceville
Aliceville first appeared on the 1910 U.S. Census as an incorporated town. It became the largest town in Pickens County in 1930, surpassing Reform, and continues to hold the title as of 2010.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,177 people, 898 households, and 625 families residing in the city.

2010 Census data
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,486 people living in the city. 74.9% were African American, 22.6% White, 0.1% Native American, 0.0% Asian, 0.8% from some other race and 1.6% of two or more races. 1.2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 Census data
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,567 people, 978 households, and 646 families living in the city. The population density was 570.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,092 housing units at an average density of 242.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 32.29% White, 66.54% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.31% Asian, and 0.74% from two or more races. 0.39% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 978 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.2% were married couples living together, 28.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 64.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $17,092, and the median income for a family was $23,233. Males had a median income of $25,114 versus $15,952 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,028. About 38.7% of families and 44.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 64.6% of those under age 18 and 29.9% of those age 65 or over.

Aliceville Precinct/Division (1930-)
The Aliceville Precinct (Pickens County Precinct 19) first appeared on the 1930 U.S. Census. Prior to that, from 1880 to 1920, it had been known as the Franconia Precinct. In 1960, Aliceville precinct was changed to a census division as part of a general reorganization of counties. In 2000, it was merged with the Raleigh Census Division and renamed South Pickens Division. In 2010, the name was changed back to Aliceville Census Division.

Economy
Aliceville is home to the Federal Correctional Institution, Aliceville. Construction on the $250 million, 1,500-bed medium-security women's prison began in 2008 and was completed in 2011. The facility also includes a 256-bed minimum-security work camp.

Arts and culture
Aliceville is home to the Aliceville POW Museum, which houses papers, letters, documents, maps, and other material from the World War II prisoner of war camp situated in the city from 1942 to 1945. The museum opened in 1995 and, in addition to the POW material, houses a permanent exhibit on the Aliceville Coca-Cola bottling plant.

Education

 * Aliceville High School
 * Aliceville Middle School
 * Aliceville Elementary School

Notable people

 * Stephen Fleck, medical officer at Camp Aliceville
 * Butch Hobson, major league third baseman and manager
 * Amos Jones, American football coach
 * Walter Jones, former offensive tackle for the Seattle Seahawks
 * Simmie Knox, portrait artist
 * Henry Smith, former NFL defensive tackle

title: Aliceville, Alabama


text:
Carrollton, Alabama

Carrollton is a city in and the county seat of Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,019, up from 987 in 2000.

The Pickens County Courthouse in the center of Carrollton was erected in 1877. The first courthouse in Carrollton was burned on April 5, 1865, by troops of Union General John T. Croxton. A second courthouse was destroyed by a fire on November 16, 1876.

History
Incorporated in 1831, the town was named after Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Maryland, the only Roman Catholic and longest-living signer of the Declaration of Independence. A post office has been in operation at Carrollton since 1831.

As was typical, the county jail was located at the courthouse. The courthouse square was used frequently as a site for public lynchings by whites of African Americans, part of numerous efforts to suppress them during a time of high tensions as whites struggled for dominance. It was part of a program of intimidation and racial terrorism, with these murders frequent in the decades on either side of the turn of the 20th century. Among the numerous African Americans lynched in Carrollton was John Gibson, hanged on August 28, 1907. Pickens County had the fifth highest total of lynchings in Alabama, according to Lynching in America (2015, 3rd edition), published by the Equal Justice Initiative.

Geography
Carrollton is located at 33.26083°N, -88.09444°W (33.260858, -88.094452).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.1 sqmi, of which 2.1 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.96%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,023 people, 353 households, and 218 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,019 people living in the town. 49.0% were White, 43.1% African American, 0.1% Native American, 3.6% from some other race and 4.2% of two or more races. 10.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 987 people, 384 households, and 279 families living in the town. The population density was 479.1 PD/sqmi. There were 437 housing units at an average density of 212.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 53.39% White, 44.58% Black or African American, 0.10% Asian, and 1.93% from two or more races. 0.41% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 384 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 28.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 65.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,318, and the median income for a family was $29,612. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $18,333 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,153. About 31.4% of families and 38.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 56.9% of those under age 18 and 26.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Pickens County Board of Education is located in Carrollton. Students in the area can attend Carrollton Elementary School for Grades K-6. Carrollton is also the home of the Pickens County Educational Center, a branch of Bevill State Community College.

Notable people

 * Hanley Funderburk, president of Auburn University from 1980 to 1983
 * Walter Jones, NFL All Pro football player and part of the NFL Hall of Fame
 * John H. Kelly, one of the youngest generals to die during the American Civil War at the age of 24
 * Homer H. Norton, head coach for Texas A&M from 1934 to 1947. Inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971.
 * Courtney Taylor, former Auburn University and Seattle Seahawks wide receiver

Gallery
Below are photographs taken in Carrollton as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey conducted during the Great Depression to document the buildings across the US:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Carrollton, Alabama


text:
Ethelsville, Alabama

Ethelsville is a town in Pickens County, Alabama, United States.

Originally it name named Yorkville. It took its current name from Ethel Burgin Hancock, the daughter of local physician J. T. Hancock. His son Thomas was the town's first postmaster. The town was incorporated in 1952 or 1956, depending on the source, and at the time was still an active railroad stop, with four freight trains and six passenger trains stopping there daily. When the railroad discontinued stops in Ethelsville, the population began to decline. In 1843, local resident John H. Alexander discovered a shield and pair of copper scales while plowing his fields. The shield was engraved with the word "Hispana," which most historians have recognized as evidence that Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto likely passed through Pickens County. Local legend claims that De Soto and his men spent a winter on the hill where Ethelsville Baptist Church stands.

The town was moved one half mile from its original site when the M & O railroad was built in 1898.

Geography
Ethelsville is located at 33.41361°N, -88.21556°W (33.413563, -88.215516).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 49 people, 52 households, and 42 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 81 people, 37 households, and 23 families living in the town. The population density was 143.2 PD/sqmi. There were 43 housing units at an average density of 76.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 74.07% White and 25.93% Black or African American.

As of 2019, children under the age of 18 represented 36.6% of the population while 8.9% of residents were aged 65 or older. The median age of Ethelsville was 24.6 years old as compared to the 38.1 year-old median age of the United States. 4.1% of Ethelsvillians were veterans and 21.6% of its residents spoke a language other than English at home.

Of its residents, 54.8% had graduated high school or received an equivalent degree, while 9.5% each had acquired an Associate degree and Bachelor's degree. Ethelsville residents commuted an average of 18 minutes to work, compared to the national average of 26.9 minutes. 79.6% of its residents drove alone to work, while 14.8% walked and 5.6% worked from home.

Household median income for Ethelsville's 59 housing units in 2019 was $39,167. The median income for a woman in the town was $35,156 in 2019, while the national average for women was $43,022. Males made far less, earning an average of just $23,750 annually. A full 51.3% of its residents lived below the poverty line. As of 2019, only 44.6% of its residents were employed.

title: Ethelsville, Alabama


text:
Gordo, Alabama

Gordo is a town in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 1,628, down from 1,750 in 2010. It was the second-largest municipality in Pickens County as of 2020, after Aliceville. The town incorporated in 1900.

History
A post office called Gordo has been in operation since 1847. The name of the town likely commemorates the 1847 Battle of Cerro Gordo in the Mexican–American War.

Geography
Gordo is located at 33.32139°N, -87.90361°W (33.321461, -87.903729).

The city is located in west central Alabama along U.S. Route 82, which runs northwest to southeast through the town. It leads southeast 22 mi (35 km) to Northport and 23 mi (37 km) to Tuscaloosa. It runs northwest 8 mi (13 km) to Reform and 37 mi (60 km) to Columbus, Mississippi. Alabama State Route 86 runs west 14 mi (23 km) to Carrollton, the Pickens county seat. Alabama State Route 159 runs north 31 mi (50 km) to Fayette.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 sqmi, of which 3.2 sqmi is land and 0.31% is water.

Demographics
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,750 people living in the town. 58.9% were White, 37.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.9% from some other race and 2.0% of two or more races, or were aliens. 1.5% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,677 people, 728 households, and 474 families living in the town. The population density was 527.1 PD/sqmi. There were 810 housing units at an average density of 254.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 58.91% White, 40.31% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.30% from other races, and 0.30% from two or more races. 1.25% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 728 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the age distribution of the population showed 24.2% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,813, and the median income for a family was $35,714. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $21,029 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,937. About 17.5% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.4% of those under age 18 and 19.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Education in Gordo is overseen and governed by the Pickens County Board of Education. Students of Gordo and its surrounding areas are served by Gordo Elementary School and Gordo High School.

Notable people

 * Larry Blakeney, former Auburn quarterback and head coach at Troy University
 * Charles W. Davis, World War II Medal of Honor recipient
 * Verdo Elmore, former Major League Baseball player for the St. Louis Browns
 * Wayne Davis, former NFL Linebacker and record holder for most tackles at the University of Alabama

Crime (Notable Events)

 * Sean Worsley In 2016, disabled veteran Sean Worsley was arrested in Pickens County for possession of prescription medical marijuana by Police Officer Carl Abramo of the Gordo Police Department. Worsley was arrested after stopping at a gas station when Abramo allegedly heard loud music and "observed a black male get out of the passenger side vehicle". In 2020, Mr. Worsley was extradited from his home state in Arizona to Pickens County, where he was sentenced by a judge to 60 months in the custody of the Alabama Department of Corrections. After serving almost 10 months in Alabama jails for felony possession of medical marijuana legally prescribed in his home state of Arizona, the disabled Iraqi War veteran was released with a pardon.

title: Gordo, Alabama


text:
Macedonia, Alabama

Macedonia is a census-designated place and former town in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. The population was 292 at the 2010 census, up from 291 in 2000. The town was incorporated in 1994, but disincorporated in 2001. It was reclassified as a census-designated place (CDP) for 2010.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 2.2 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 241 people, 146 households, and 27 families residing in the CDP.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 292 people living in the CDP. 91.1% were African American and 8.9% White.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 291 people, 114 households, and 69 families living in the town. The population density was 131.4 PD/sqmi. There were 141 housing units at an average density of 63.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 6.53% White, 91.75% Black or African American, 0.69% Native American, and 1.03% from two or more races.

There were 114 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% were married couples living together, 21.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 37.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the town the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,958, and the median income for a family was $29,688. Males had a median income of $26,042 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,456. About 30.6% of families and 33.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.2% of those under the age of 18 and 58.8% of those 65 or over.

title: Macedonia, Alabama


text:
McMullen, Alabama

McMullen is a town in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. It incorporated around 1976. A series of natural disasters has caused the population to dwindle. As of 2010, it was the smallest incorporated town in the state of Alabama. It was overtaken by Oak Hill in 2020. The population was 32 at the 2020 United States census, up from 10 in 2010.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 32 people, 6 households, and 0 families residing in the town.

2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 10 people living in the town. 60% were African American, 10% White, and 30% were Hispanic or Latino.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 66 people, 31 households, and 19 families living in the town. The population density was 544.0 PD/sqmi. There were 31 housing units at an average density of 255.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.00% African American.

Of the 31 households 16.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.3% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 38.7% of households were one person and 12.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.74.

The age distribution was 19.7% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 25.8% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 53.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 51.4 males.

The median household income was $30,000 and the median family income was $33,500. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,458. There were 8.3% of families and 13.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 10.0% of under eighteens and 4.3% of those over 64.

title: McMullen, Alabama


text:
Memphis, Alabama

Memphis, also known as Old Memphis, is a town in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. The population was 29 at the 2010 census, down from 33 in 2000. As long ago as 1850, it was listed as an incorporated community on the U.S. Census, but did not appear again on the rolls until its reincorporation in 1976.

In 1981, it had the "dubious" distinction of being ranked the poorest incorporated community in the United States according to the U.S. Census. As of 1984, then-Mayor Jimmy Williams (b. c1922) stated the town received just $2,000 per year from state tax receipts and federal revenue-sharing funds and a sum total of $40 in the bank. It was hoped the completion of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway would help raise the standard of living for the town.

Geography
Memphis is located at 33.13361°N, -88.29694°W (33.133678, -88.297023).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.4 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 29 people, 12 households, and 11 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 29 people living in the town. 100.0% were African American.

Gallery
Below are photographs taken as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey:

title: Memphis, Alabama


text:
Pickensville, Alabama

Pickensville is a rural town in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 608, down from 662 in 2000. It was initially incorporated in 1839 (although two other sources claim 1825 and 1835) and briefly served before that as the first county seat of Pickens County. Carrollton was designated as the seat in the early 1830s.

According to the U.S. Census, the incorporation of Pickensville lapsed after 1920. It did not reappear again on the rolls of incorporated towns until 1970.

Geography
Pickensville is located at 33.23056°N, -88.2725°W (33.230693, -88.272554).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 10.0 sqmi, of which 7.8 sqmi is land and 2.3 sqmi (22.73%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 557 people, 309 households, and 198 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 608 people living in the town. 63.5% were African American, 36.2% White and 0.3% Native American.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 662 people, 255 households, and 182 families living in the town. The population density was 85.4 PD/sqmi. There were 392 housing units at an average density of 50.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 35.35% White, 62.99% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.30% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races.

There were 255 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 22.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $25,357, and the median income for a family was $28,036. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $22,955 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,575. About 29.2% of families and 34.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.6% of those under age 18 and 53.2% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
Pickensville is home to the Tom Bevill Visitors Center. The Tom Bevill Visitors Center and Museum is a replica of an antebellum plantation mansion built on the Tombigbee River. It houses exhibits on the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway and was named for Tom Bevill, a former U.S. Representative from Alabama who chaired the congressional committee that approved funding for the waterway project. The Montgomery, a 1925 restored snagboat, is located at the museum and operated as a museum ship.

Education
Pickensville was formerly home to a now-defunct female seminary, the Pickensville Female Institute, incorporated in 1848.

Notable people

 * Lincoln Clark, member of the Alabama legislature; practiced law in Pickensville between 1931 and 1936
 * Harvey Butler Fergusson, lawyer and politician
 * Dwayne Ijames, defensive back
 * William Belton Murrah, 19th-century Presbyterian minister
 * Jacob H. Sharp, Confederate general in the Civil War; born in Pickensville in 1833 but grew up in Mississippi

Gallery
Below are photographs taken in Pickensville in April 1937 as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) during the Great Depression:

title: Pickensville, Alabama


text:
Reform, Alabama

Reform is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,702, down from 1,978 in 2000. It is located approximately halfway between Columbus, Mississippi and Tuscaloosa on U.S. Route 82.

History
Sparsely settled after statehood, Reform first received a post office in 1841. It wasn't incorporated until March 2, 1898, following the community getting train service via the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. According to tradition, the community was named from an incident when an evangelist paid the new settlement a visit, imploring the first settlers to "reform".

On January 24, 1940, Reform set the record for the highest recorded snow depth for Alabama at 22 in.

In May 1968, a mule train, part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference sponsored Poor People's Campaign, stopped for two days in Reform before heading to Tuscaloosa, Alabama on its way to Washington, DC.

On August 31, 2017, the area was hit by an EF2 tornado. The tornado touched down near Reform and tracked through Pickens, Lamar, and Fayette counties. Significant damage was also caused in the nearby community of Palmetto.

Geography
Reform is located at 33.38083°N, -88.015°W (33.380835, -88.015022).

The city is located in west central Alabama at the intersection of U.S. Route 82 and Alabama State Route 17. US 82 runs northwest to southeast through the city, leading southeast 8 mi (13 km) to Gordo and 31 mi (50 km) to Tuscaloosa, the largest city of over 100,000 people closest to the area. Columbus, Mississippi is 29 mi (47 km) to the northwest. AL 17 runs north to south, leading north 19 mi (31 km) to Millport and south 10 mi (16 km) to Carrollton, the Pickens County seat.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.1 sqmi, of which 8.0 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.37%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,520 people, 696 households, and 475 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,702 people living in the town. 50.6% were White, 48.2% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.4% from some other race and 0.7% of two or more races. 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,978 people, 793 households, and 521 families living in the city. The population density was 245.9 PD/sqmi. There were 925 housing units at an average density of 115.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 53.34% White, 44.89% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.05% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. 0.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 793 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 22.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,625, and the median income for a family was $24,875. Males had a median income of $27,019 versus $16,827 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,429. About 26.3% of families and 30.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.9% of those under age 18 and 26.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Education in Reform is overseen and governed by the Pickens County Board of Education. Students of Reform and its surrounding areas are served by Reform Elementary School and Pickens County High School.

Notable people

 * Tony Dixon, safety for the Dallas Cowboys
 * Doug Elmore, punter for the Washington Redskins
 * Andrew F. Fox, Member of US House of Representatives
 * James L. Malone, head football coach at Northeast Louisiana State College, 1951–1953
 * John Proctor, FBI agent instrumental in solving the 1964 case for the murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
 * Claude Wayne Robinson, hot dog pioneer
 * Michael Williams, NFL tight end for the New England Patriots

title: Reform, Alabama


text:
Lewistown

Lewistown is the name of several places in the United States of America:
 * Lewiston, Idaho
 * Lewistown, Illinois
 * Lewistown, Kentucky
 * Lewiston, Maine, originally called Lewistown
 * Lewistown, Frederick County, Maryland
 * Lewistown, Talbot County, Maryland
 * Lewistown, Missouri
 * Lewistown, Montana
 * Lewistown, Ohio
 * Lewistown, Pennsylvania

Lewistown is also the name of a place in Wales, in the United Kingdom:

 * Lewistown, Bridgend

title: Lewistown


text:
Banks, Alabama

Banks is a town in Pike County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 156, down from 179 in 2010. It incorporated in December 1894.

Geography
Banks is located at 31.81333°N, -85.84028°W (31.813464, -85.840281).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
The Deleon Post Office was closed at the end of September 1904 and moved to Banks.

2010 Census data
As of the 2010 Census Banks had a population of 179. The racial and ethic composition of the population was 69.3% white, 24.6% black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 1.1% from some other race, 2.8% reporting two or more races and 1.1% Hispanic or Latino from any race.

2000 Census data
As of the census of 2000, there were 224 people, 92 households, and 62 families residing in the town. The population density was 111.3 PD/sqmi. There were 102 housing units at an average density of 50.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 84.82% White, 10.27% Black or African American, 1.79% Native American, 0.89% from other races, and 2.23% from two or more races. 0.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 92 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town, the population dispersal was 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $21,719, and the median income for a family was $32,500. Males had a median income of $25,417 versus $26,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,601. About 4.8% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 11.3% of those 65 or over.

Education
Banks Public Schools are part of the Pike County School District. Schools in the district include Goshen Elementary School, Pike County Elementary School, Banks Middle School, Goshen High School, Pike County High School and the Troy-Pike Center for Technology.

Banks Middle School is located in Banks.

Dr. Mark Bazzell is the Superintendent of Schools.

Notable person

 * Audrey Williams, wife of Hank Williams and mother of Hank Williams, Jr. was from Banks.

title: Banks, Alabama


text:
Codeshare agreement

A codeshare agreement, also known simply as codeshare, is a business arrangement, common in the aviation industry, in which two or more airlines publish and market the same flight under their own airline designator and flight number (the "airline flight code") as part of their published timetable or schedule. Typically, a flight is operated by one airline (technically called an "administrating carrier" or "operating carrier") while seats are sold for the flight by all cooperating airlines using their own designator and flight number.

The term "code" refers to the identifier used in a flight schedule, generally the two-character IATA airline designator code and flight number. Thus, XX224 (flight number 224 operated by the airline XX), might also be sold by airline YY as YY568 and by ZZ as ZZ9876. Airlines YY and ZZ are in this case called "marketing airlines" (sometimes abbreviated MKT CXR for "marketing carrier").

Most of the major airlines today have code sharing partnerships with other airlines, and code sharing is a key feature of the major airline alliances. Typically, code-sharing agreements are also part of the commercial agreements between airlines in the same airline alliances.

History
In 1967, Richard A. Henson’s Hagerstown Commuter airline joined with US Airways predecessor, regional Allegheny Airlines, in the nation's first codeshare relationship. The term "code sharing" or "codeshare" was coined in 1989 by Qantas and American Airlines, and in 1990 the two firms provided their first codeshare flights between an array of Australian and U.S. cities. Code sharing has become widespread in the airline industry since then, particularly in the wake of the formation of large airline alliances. These alliances have extensive codesharing and networked frequent flyer programs.

Terminology
Under a code sharing agreement, the airline that administers the flight (the one holding the operational permissions, airport slots and planning/controlling the flight and responsible for the ground handling services) is commonly called the operating carrier, often abbreviated OPE CXR, even though the IATA SSIM term "administrating carrier" is more precise. The reason for this is that a third carrier may be involved, typically in the case that the airline originally planning to operate the flight needs to hire a subcontractor to operate the flight on their behalf (typically a wet lease, meaning an aircraft is leased with crew and all facilities to fly, commonly due to capacity limitations, technical problems etc.) In this case, the airline carrying the passenger should be designated the operating carrier, since it is the one carrying the passengers/cargo.

When a flight is sold under several designators and flight numbers as described above, the one published by the "administrating carrier" is commonly called a "prime flight" (as opposed to a codeshare marketing flight).

Reasons and advantages
Under a code sharing agreement, participating airlines can present a common flight number for several reasons, including:

For passengers

 * Connecting flights: This provides clearer routing for the customer, allowing a customer to book travel from point A to C through point B under one carrier's code, instead of a customer booking from point A to B under one code, and from point B to C under another code. This is not only a superficial addition as cooperating airlines also strive to synchronize their schedules.

For airlines

 * Flights from both airlines that fly the same route: this provides an apparent increase in the frequency of service on the route by one airline.
 * Perceived service to non-serviced markets: this provides a method for carriers who do not operate their own aircraft on a given route to gain exposure in the market through display of their flight numbers.

Types of code sharing
There are several types of code sharing arrangements:
 * Block space codeshare: A commercial (marketing) airline purchases a fixed number of seats from the administrating (operating/prime) carrier. A fixed price is typically paid, and the seats are kept away from the administrating carrier's inventory. The marketing airline decides on its own which booking classes the seats are sold in (the block of seats are optimized just like another aircraft cabin).
 * Free flow codeshare: The airlines' inventory and reservation systems communicate in real-time by messaging, commonly IATA AIRIMP/PADIS messaging (TTY and EDIFACT). A booking class mapping is defined between the airlines. No seats are locked to any of the airlines, and any airline can sell any number of seats.
 * Capped free flow: Basically the same as above, but capping (maximum number of seats) is defined for each of the marketing airlines participating in the codeshare with the administrating carrier.

Competitive concerns
Much competition in the airline industry revolves around ticket sales (also known as "seat booking") strategies (revenue management, variable pricing, and geo-marketing). Criticism has been leveled against code sharing by consumer organizations and national departments of trade since it is claimed it is confusing and not transparent to passengers.

Air-rail alliances
There are also code sharing arrangements between airlines and railway companies, formally known as air-rail alliances, and commonly marketed as "Rail & Fly" due to the popularity of the Deutsche Bahn codeshare with many airlines. They involve some integration of both types of transport, e.g., in finding the fastest connection and allowing the transfer between plane and train using a single ticket. This allows passengers to book a whole journey at the same time, often for a discounted price compared to separate tickets.

title: Codeshare agreement


text:
Brundidge, Alabama

Brundidge is the second-largest city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. The population was 2,076 at the 2010 census, down from 2,341 in 2000.

The city was once a major producer of peanut butter. Brundidge holds a Peanut Butter Festival during the last Saturday of each October, which includes live music, a recipe contest, and a parade.

The city has a large number of antique stores in its historic downtown.

History
The town was founded prior to the Civil War by George C. Collier, who established a trading post and saloon. First called "Collier's Store", the town changed its name around 1854 to honor James M. Brundidge, a prominent citizen and founder of the local Masonic lodge.

During the Civil War, men from Pike County joined "Company F", the "Brundidge Guards", of the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry.

Brundidge grew as an agricultural center after the war. A depot of the newly constructed Alabama Midland Railway was established in Brundidge in 1889. Several hotels and businesses followed. Passenger trains such as the South Wind once passed. The railway line is now the Dothan Subdivision, used for freight operations by CSX Transportation.

Brundidge incorporated in 1893. In 1900, the Brundidge Banking Company opened, followed by the First National Bank in 1904. Brundidge has had three newspapers: the Brundidge News began publication in 1893, the Brundidge Sentinel began in 1926, and the Brundidge Banner in 1962. All have ceased publication.

In the 1920s, Brundidge native Alonza E. Johnston opened a peanut butter mill, and his Johnston Oil Company was soon shipping more than two million jars per year. The company also produced velvet bread and mayonnaise, and operated warehouses, gins, and an ice plant.

The business has ceased operation. The old Johnston Mill and General Store has been adapted as a museum. The mill, as well as the Lightfoot House in Brundidge, are both listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage.

Geography
Brundidge is located at 31.71917°N, -85.81806°W (31.719218, -85.818119).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.7 sqmi, of which 9.7 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.31%) is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brundidge has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,341 people, 1,014 households, and 652 families residing in the city. The population density was 241.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,192 housing units at an average density of 122.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 63.52% Black or African American, 33.40% White, 0.51% Native American, 0.26% Asian, and 2.31% from two or more races. 0.81% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,014 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 24.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $16,774, and the median income for a family was $19,531. Males had a median income of $25,720 versus $16,358 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,357. About 31.6% of families and 35.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 51.0% of those under age 18 and 37.0% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,076 people, 940 households, and 559 families residing in the city. The population density was 214.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,086 housing units at an average density of 112.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 62.9% Black or African American, 34.1% White, 0.5% Native American, 0.6% Asian, and 1.3% from two or more races. 3.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 940 households, out of which 18.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.2% were married couples living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.7% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,798, and the median income for a family was $29,073. Males had a median income of $30,517 versus $19,315 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,671. About 23.7% of families and 33.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 55.5% of those under age 18 and 21.3% of those age 65 or over.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,073 people, 748 households, and 485 families residing in the city.

Economy
A Walmart distribution center is located west of the city along U.S. Route 231. It is the area's largest employer, employing about 800 people.

Education
Brundidge Public Schools are part of the Pike County School District. Schools in the district include Goshen Elementary School, Pike County Elementary School, Banks Middle School, Goshen High School, Pike County High School and the Troy-Pike Center for Technology.

Pike County Elementary School and Pike County High School are located in Brundidge.

Dr. Mark Bazzell is the Superintendent of Schools.

Infrastructure
U.S. Route 231 passes west of the city, and Alabama State Route 93 and Alabama State Route 10 bisect the center of Brundidge.

The Brundidge Municipal Airport is now closed. The nearest airport is Troy Municipal Airport.

Notable people

 * Fred Baxter, professional football player for the New York Jets and Washington Redskins.
 * Walter Lynwood Fleming, historian of the Dunning School and leader at Vanderbilt University.
 * Cornelius Griffin, professional football player for the Washington Redskins.
 * William Oscar Mulkey, U.S. Representative from Alabama.
 * Jacob Broughton Nelson, founder of Phi Kappa secondary school fraternity.
 * Herb Siler, heavyweight boxer who went four rounds against Muhammad Ali in 1960.
 * Robert L. Williams, third governor of Oklahoma.

title: Brundidge, Alabama


text:
Goshen, Alabama

Goshen is a town in Pike County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 266, down from 300 in 2000. It incorporated in 1907.

History
A post office called Goshen has been in operation since 1839. The town was named after the biblical Land of Goshen.

Geography
Goshen is located at 31.71972°N, -86.12583°W (31.719715, -86.125861).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.5 sqmi, of which 2.5 sqmi is land and 0.40% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 300 people, 138 households, and 85 families residing in the town. The population density was 119.4 PD/sqmi. There were 146 housing units at an average density of 58.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 67.67% White, 29.33% Black or African American and 3.00% Native American.

There were 138 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,219, and the median income for a family was $28,393. Males had a median income of $22,969 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,664. About 17.2% of families and 23.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 15.9% of those 65 or over.

Education
Goshen Public Schools are part of the Pike County School District (Alabama). Schools in the district include Goshen Elementary School, Pike County Elementary School, Banks Middle School, Goshen High School, Pike County High School and the Troy-Pike Center for Technology.

Goshen Elementary School (Alabama) and Goshen High School (Alabama) are located in Goshen.

Dr. Mark Bazzell is the Superintendent of Schools.

Notable person

 * Mike Pelton, former NFL defensive tackle and current defensive line coach for the Kennesaw State Owls
 * Derrick Foster, former Iowa Hawkeyes and Los Angeles Chargers running backs coach and current running backs coach for the New Orleans Saints.

title: Goshen, Alabama


text:
Troy, Alabama

Troy is a city in and the county seat of Pike County, Alabama, United States. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843.

Between 1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783, the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,727, down from 18,033 in 2010. The 2022 estimated population was 17,774. The City of Troy had previously been considered one of the fastest-growing cities in Alabama. Troy is home to Troy University, the fourth-largest university in total enrollment in Alabama.

Before the Civil War
For many centuries, the area around Troy was settled by different tribes of Native Americans, but became primarily known for its Muskogee Creek presence. Most Creek tribes lived along rivers or streams at that time. Near the Troy area, many Native Americans settled around the Conecuh River and the Pea River.

With the coming of European explorers and colonists, the area of present-day Alabama was claimed by Spain, France, and Great Britain, although very few Europeans settled in the inland parts. After being swapped among those three powers in the course of the 18th century, the United States acquired the region from Spain with the Treaty of Madrid (1795) and created the Mississippi Territory in 1798, including most of the present-day states of Mississippi and Alabama. In 1819, the State of Alabama was admitted to the Union and was soon organized into counties. Pike County, founded in 1821, was one of the first counties established in Alabama. It comprised a large tract of country, so large that it was called the "State of Pike", which included parts of what are now Crenshaw, Montgomery, Macon, Bullock, and Barbour Counties, and extended to the Chattahoochee River on the east.

After Pike County's borders were resized, the land that later became Troy was settled in the early 1830s. Originally known as Deer Stand Hill (an Indian hunting ground), which was first settled about 1824, it was later known as Zebulon and then Centreville before being renamed Troy in 1838. Troy became the county seat that same year after a new county courthouse was built in the city, replacing the previous county seat town of Monticello. The court met in local stores until the courthouse was built in 1839. In 1880, this structure was torn down and rebuilt as an opera house, which was also eventually torn down. A brick courthouse was erected in 1880. A hotel and taverns along with small mercantile stores were soon created, quickly making the new town the social center of the county. Unfortunately, the town of Troy completely burned down in 1901 after a devastating fire, and had to be rebuilt. The courthouse, originally in the center of the town square, was demolished because of fire damage and relocated one block away just outside of the town square.

To promote movement of settlers and to speed mail from Washington City to New Orleans, the Federal Road was laid out after 1805. In 1824, a military road was laid out from Fort Barrancas in Pensacola, Florida, and ran on top of the ridges to Fort Mitchell in Russell County, Alabama, and connected to the Federal Road. Captain Daniel E. Burch of the U.S. Army marked the route using three notches on trees for a crew under Lt. Elias Phillips to follow. The route was eventually cleared in 1824 at a cost of $1,130. It follows the ridge dividing the water sheds of the Conecuh River to the northwest, and the Yellow River and Pea River to the southeast. This road became known as the Three Notch Road and ran through Troy and Pike County. While never being highly needed as a military supply road, it became a boon to the settlers who used it to move into south-central and southeast Alabama and into northwest Florida.

During this time, tensions began to rise between the local Creek Indians and the European settlers who were moving into the area. As settlers began to force their way onto Creek lands and push the Indians out, the Creeks began to retaliate, first in small factions, then in larger ones. During this time, the Second Indian War was beginning in the Southeastern United States.

Battle of Hobdy's Bridge

On February 10, 1837, the Battle of Hobdy's Bridge occurred after a force of over 100 American militiamen under Captain Jack Cooper intercepted about 75 Creeks making their way to Florida. After locating the site of the Creek camp, the militia divided into two groups to converge on the refugees by surprise.

A brief fight ensued upon their approach, which centered around two fallen trees the Creeks had used as a natural breastwork. The Creeks, being extremely low on ammunition, fired nails instead of bullets from the muskets they possessed. The militiamen eventually overran their position and captured the camp, wherein they found items recently plundered from area plantations. Exact casualties are unknown, but it is believed four or five Creeks and perhaps one American were killed. Though stripped of their supplies, the Creeks managed to continue their flight even as they continued to skirmish with other American troops. Near the Florida border, they retaliated by killing two American settlers.

Battle of Pea River

In of the last battles of the Second Creek War, on March 27, 1837, the Battle of Pea River occurred roughly 17 miles to the east of Troy, where the Pea River and Pea Creek converge near Hobdy's Bridge. A force of over 250 combined Alabama and Georgia militiamen led under General William Wellborn tracked a party of about 400 Creek fugitives that included men, women, and children. The Creeks, angry that the land that had been promised to them was being taken from them by local settlers by violent force, responded by burning local homes and plantations along the Pea River swamp. The Three Notch Trail that traversed through Troy was also considered dangerous at this point, as local Creek Indians around the area were turning violent and burning and looting houses along the stretch. The path of the Creeks had become easy to find due to the several looted and burned plantations they had left behind them as they moved south. After finding their temporary camp in a nearby swamp, General Wellborn divided his command into two wings to encircle the Creeks. He personally commanded one wing, and placed the other under Colonel Jefferson Buford. The Creeks detected the approach, however, and attacked and scattered Buford's wing.

When Wellborn's command neared the camp, trudging through waist-high water, gunfire could be heard erupting further down the river. Wellborn ordered his men through the mud and water at a full run. Upon encountering the Creeks downstream, a fierce four-hour battle began on opposite sides of a nearby lagoon. The Creek warriors, many of whom were later found to have been using bullets made of melted pewter plates, made several unsuccessful charges on the militia's line before being overrun. Records from some of the participants in the battle reported that some of the Creek women and children also took up arms to fight, raining showers of rifle balls and arrows on the militiamen. In one case, two of the Creek women attacked a member of the militia with knives. Unable to defeat the desperate Creeks with gunfire alone, Wellborn finally ordered a direct charge on their lines. The tactic worked, as many of the Creeks fled to their encampment to carry off their children, some even swimming the river to flee. The fighting then devolved into a massacre in which at least 50 Creek men, women and children were killed and an unknown number captured. The Creek survivors continued their flight south in small groups. According to some reports, some of the captured Creeks were enslaved by local planters. Only five Americans were killed, among them General Wellborn's teenage son, James H. Wellborn.

In winning the Battle of Pea River & Pea Creek, Wellborn had defeated the refugee Creeks but had failed to surround and capture all of them as he had hoped. Instead they fled south down the Pea River to its confluence with the Choctawhatchee and continued across the line into Florida. Furious at their treatment, they continued to battle the Whites for years to come.

During Civil War
At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the small village of Troy had a population around 600. The 57th Alabama Infantry Regiment of Troy was formed in 1863. The group of soldiers from that regiment fought at the Battle of Peachtree Creek on July 20, 1864.

Troy was mostly spared from the ravages of the war, except that its sons were dying on battlefields throughout the South. On April 26, 1865, a brigade of Union cavalry under the command of General Benjamin Henry Grierson camped outside of Troy. These soldiers moved on to Louisville, Clayton, and Eufaula the next day without incident. However, roughly 20 miles east of Troy at the Pike County border, the Skirmish at Hobdy's Bridge, what some consider the last battle of the Civil War, took place on May 19, 1865.

Skirmish at Hobdy's Bridge

A detachment of Union soldiers from the 1st Florida U.S. Cavalry had been sent from Montgomery to Eufaula to escort a mail shipment through the unsettled regions of eastern Alabama. General Robert E. Lee had already surrendered and Wilson's Raid had just devastated the region, but many former Confederate soldiers were still drifting through the region trying to get home, which presented a threat.

A mail escort, commanded by Lt. Joseph Carroll of the Union Army, left Montgomery on May 11, 1865, and reached Eufaula without difficulty. The total strength of the detachment was only 25 men, but because all seemed quiet, Carroll decided to spend a few days in Eufaula to rest his horses. Since some of his men were natives of the area, he granted them short leaves to go to visit their families. The entire detachment was to reassemble at Hobdy's Bridge over the Pea River on May 19, 1865.

After many of his men dispersed to their homes, however, Carroll learned that a party of pro-Confederate "guerrillas" had been seen in the area. The identity of this unit, if it had an identity, is unknown, but at about the same time, General Alexander Asboth in Pensacola reported that several companies of cavalry made up of "unrepentant rebels" were still active in the Alabama and Florida borderlands.

Upon receiving this intelligence, Carroll decided to return to Montgomery as quickly as possible and crossed Hobdy's Bridge with the main body of his detachment two days before the appointed rendezvous. The other men of his command, at home and visiting their families, had no way to know of his decision to leave early or of the danger they faced.

According to military records, the remaining Union soldiers gathered at Hobdy's Bridge as ordered on the morning of May 19, 1865, only to learn that Carroll and the main body were already gone. Turning their horses onto the long wooden bridge over Pea River, the cavalrymen started off to follow their commander's route. Unfortunately, they rode straight into a group of Confederate rebel guerillas.

Three Union soldiers were wounded in the fight, and one Confederate soldier was killed, identified as Corporal John W. Skinner of Company C, 1st Florida U.S. Cavalry. He was killed in action six days after Private John J. Williams of the 34th Indiana, who died at Battle of Palmito Ranch, and is generally said to have been the last man killed in the Civil War. That sad distinction actually belongs to Corporal Skinner, who died on the wooden planks of Hobdy's Bridge in Alabama.

After the war

During the Reconstruction Era after the end of the Civil War, Troy began to have new railroads and roads converging into the city. After the completion of the Mobile & Girard Railroad (later part of the Central of Georgia Railway) in 1870, Troy had a quick spike in population. One of the many to have made the journey to Troy was Jeremiah Augustus "Gus" Henderson. Having owned a large store in nearby Gainers Store (now known as Henderson), he found it difficult to transport and receive shipments by wagon. In 1869, Henry moved his mercantile store to nearby Troy to be closer to the Mobile and Girard Railroad. One of his sons, Charles Henderson, would soon be the governor of Alabama and a large contributor to Troy.

Troy had a quick period of growth in the following years. By 1890, the Alabama Midland Railway (later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad) was completed from Montgomery to Bainbridge, Georgia, via Troy. Rapid growth outside of the Troy downtown square consisted of factories, churches, stores, and Victorian-style houses. Many of the early houses, churches, and cemeteries dating back to this era can still be found in the College Street Historic District, just on the edge of historic downtown Troy. Many of the buildings in the two-block area date from as early as the 1870s. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1976.

In 1887, a group of local educators and prominent citizens of Troy joined to acquire a state normal school (teacher training school) for Troy. Thanks mostly to the efforts of Ariosto A. Wiley, a powerful state senator who was born in Troy, the city won the education prize over Lowndesboro, Alabama, which had also wanted a normal school. The school, which was to be known as Troy Normal School, was eventually constructed and completed in 1887 in downtown Troy on a four-acre campus.

This school, which went on to become Troy University, had a stormy early history and was lucky to have survived in its cramped downtown location. Its survival was assured when the third president of the college, Edward Madison Shackelford, led the movement from downtown to its present site starting in 1924. In 1929, the name was changed to Troy State Teacher's College. The name was again changed in 1957 to Troy State College to reflect the expanded educational offerings of the school. The college underwent yet another name change in 1967, being called Troy State University until reaching its current name, Troy University, in 2005.

During the late 1800s into the early 1900s, Troy experienced steady growth thanks to the railroads, multiple factories, and the college.

Geography
Troy is located at 31.80889°N, -85.97°W (31.808768, −85.969951). It is in the East Gulf Coastal Plains region of Alabama. It is located along the Troy Cuesta ridge, which runs across the state from east to west and is the boundary that separates the Chunnenuggee Hills and Southern Red Hills geographical boundaries. Elevations commonly reach 400 ft in these hills and can reach up to 500 ft in some areas. About 40 mi north of Troy near the Montgomery area, the Chunnenuggee Hills region ends and the flat Black Prairie region begins, commonly known as the Black Belt region. About 60 mi south of Troy in the Dothan area, the Southern Red Hills region ends and the Dougherty Plains region begins. Map

Much of the region consists of pine forests. Most tree species found in the area are pine, hickory, oak, pecan, and poplar. The 231-mi-long Conecuh River flows at the northern end of Troy. A 45 acre lake called Pike County Lake is located at the southern end of Troy.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.3 sqmi, of which 26.2 sqmi are land and 0.1 sqmi (0.34%) is covered by water.

Climate
Troy's climate is described as humid subtropical using Köppen climate classification. It is typical of areas along the Gulf of Mexico in that it has hot, humid summers and mild winters. (See table below for average temperatures for Troy.)

During the summer and fall, Troy is occasionally affected by tropical storms and hurricanes. The most recent major hurricanes to affect Troy have been Hurricane Opal, Hurricane Ivan, Hurricane Katrina, and Hurricane Sally. Thunderstorms occur throughout the summer, but are most severe in the spring and fall, when destructive winds and tornadoes occasionally occur.

The late winter occasionally brings very small sleet/snow showers, with a significant snow storm happening rarely. Deep winter is occasionally accompanied by a tornado touching down in the county. The last deep-winter tornado touched down in the county on Christmas Day, 2012. The last two big snow events to affect Troy were part of the 2010 Southern Snow event and 1993 Storm of the Century.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 17,727 people, 6,853 households, and 3,227 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, 18,003 people, 7,844 households, and 3,187 families were residing in the city. The population density was 531.1 PD/sqmi. The 6,436 housing units averaged 245.3 per sq mi (94.7/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 55.00% White, 39.01% African American, 0.40% Native American, 3.36% Asian, 0.82% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. About 1.97% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.

Of the 7,844 households, 20.34% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% were not families. About 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28, and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the age distribution was 18.30% under 18, 21.97% from 20 to 24, 12.30% from 25 to 34, 14.04% from 35 to 49, 13.68% from 50 to 64, and 10.05%  who were 65  or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males. Of the reported population, 78.2% were born in Alabama. The percentage of foreign-born residents was 2.8%, and 16.2% of those individuals were naturalized citizens.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,352, and for a family was $39,601. Males had a median income of $29,190 versus $20,368 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,589. About 17.7% of families and 23.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.5% of those under age 18 and 19.8% of those age 65 or over.

Public schools

 * Charles Henderson High School
 * Charles Henderson Middle School
 * Troy Elementary School
 * Troy-Pike Center for Technology

Private schools

 * Pike Liberal Arts School
 * Covenant Christian School
 * Collegedale Christian School
 * New Life Christian Academy

Higher education

 * Troy University

Culture
Troy was selected as the 2010 Corporate Investment and Community Impact Award Winner by Trade and Industry Development, describing Troy as being on the cutting edge of economic development.

Troy was also listed as one of "The Top 50 Best College Towns to Live in Forever" by CollegeRanker.com in 2016.

TroyFest
Originally called the Jean Lake Memorial Art Show, this arts festival was started in 1982 and has been an annual attraction since. Named for Jean Lake, a popular Southern artist who was from Troy, the festival is held in the downtown square of Troy yearly, combining local art shows and showcasing the region's best artists. In 2001, TroyFest was named the "Official Year of Alabama Art Event." Today, the festival continues to be recognized as a top emerging art show by many art show review publications and is a "Top 10 Event by the Alabama Bureau of Travel and Tourism." The artwork of Jean Lake is still exhibited all over the world today. She continues to be recognized as the namesake of the festival and the exclusive scholarship that is awarded each year to a high-school senior pursuing the arts.

Troy Pioneer Days
Every year, the Pioneer Museum of Alabama hosts Troy Pioneer Days. This event features horse and wagon rides, trips on the Pioneer Express, and Native American camps with demonstrations of candlemaking, spinning, weaving, quiltmaking, blacksmithing, drum, and dance.

Pike Piddlers Storytelling Festival
Started in 2006, the festival traditionally features some of the top storytellers in the country. Performers who have routinely taken part in the annual festival include nationally known Donald Davis, Kevin Kling, Carmen Agra Deedy, Elizabeth Ellis, Andy Offutt Irwin, Bil Lepp, and Kathryn Tucker Windham. The Pike Piddlers Storytelling Festival features preshow music by traditional musicians prior to each storytelling concert, featuring different genres such as bluegrass, country, jazz, and Southern gospel music. The festival opens at the We Piddle Around Theater in Brundidge, Alabama before moving to the Trojan Center Theater on the campus of Troy University for three storytelling concerts.

Alabama Torch Run for Special Olympics
The Alabama Law Enforcement Torch Run is held every May to coincide with the Alabama Special Olympics State Games. The run starts out in north Alabama on Thursday and then makes its way south, stopping in the Birmingham area overnight and then on to Montgomery and Troy. The State Games Opening Ceremony convenes on Friday evening in Troy University's Veterans Memorial Stadium. The event features the Flame of Hope being carried into the stadium by members of the agencies that participate in the Cops on Top fund-raising campaign. Over 50 uniformed officers and deputies form a rank along the front of the stage as the flame passes through.

Economy
The largest employers in the Troy micropolitan area are Troy University, Lockheed Martin, Sikorsky Aircraft, CGI Group, the Wal-Mart distribution center in nearby Brundidge, Alabama, and the various branches of Sanders Lead, Wiley Sanders Truck Lines, and KW Plastics operations. Troy University's main campus, located in Troy, employs about 700 faculty and staff.

Major employers

 * Troy University
 * Walmart Distribution Center
 * City of Troy
 * CGI Group
 * Lockheed Martin Operations Facility
 * Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation
 * Wayne Farms
 * AirTek Inc.
 * Troy Regional Medical Center
 * Horn Beverage Company, a Budweiser distribution facility
 * HB&G Architectural Columns
 * Sanders Lead Company
 * Wiley Sanders Truck Lines, Inc.
 * KW Plastics
 * Golden Boy Foods, Ltd.
 * Southern Classic Food Group
 * Supreme Oil Company
 * TroyCable
 * Kimber Firearms Manufacturing (headquarters)
 * Rex Lumber Company
 * Conecuh Ridge Whiskey Distillery

Government

Troy operates under a mayor-council government system. The city is served by a mayor, who is elected at-large, and a five-member city council, which is composed of five single-member districts. Former mayor Jimmy C. Lunsford was elected to his first term in 1985. He won re-election each year since, until his retirement in 2012, and is the longest-serving mayor in Troy history.

Medical centers

 * Troy Regional Medical Center
 * Charles Henderson Child Health Center
 * SARHA Doctors Center
 * Pike Internal Medicine

Bus services
Troy and Pike County offer various bus transportation services:
 * Greyhound Lines Bus Station
 * Pike County Transportation System (operates on weekdays by reservation only)
 * Troy University Transportation System (for university students and employees only)

Airports
About 5 miles north of Troy is the Troy Municipal Airport, which can accommodate general aviation, but not commercial flights. Most travelers use the nearby Montgomery Regional Airport, which is located 51 miles to the north and is served by two commercial airlines, or the Dothan Regional Airport, which is located 50 miles to the southeast and is served by one commercial airline. Troy is about 2.5 hours north by highway from the major Northwest Florida Beaches International Airport, and about 3 hours southwest by highway from the major Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

The airport was originally opened in 1942 during World War II as an auxiliary air field to Maxwell Air Force Base in nearby Montgomery. The air field has since been designated as a general-aviation airport. The tower and radar facilities are currently run by U.S. Army air traffic controllers. The airport allows for private jets to fly in, and is dominated by student pilots flying TH-67 helicopters from nearby Fort Novosel.

Highways
The nearest interstates to Troy are Interstate 65, which is located 40 miles west of Troy, and Interstate 85, which is 45 miles north. U.S. highway 231 is the city's main thoroughfare, which connects nearby Montgomery, Alabama to Panama City Beach, Florida. U.S. 29, which travels through downtown Troy, is known as Historic Three Notch Street. Troy is served by three state routes - Alabama Highways 87, 167, and 10.

U.S. Routes:
 * [[Image:US 231.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 231
 * [[Image:US 29.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 29

State Routes:
 * [[Image:Alabama 87.svg|20px]] State Route 87
 * [[Image:Alabama 167.svg|20px]] State Route 167
 * [[Image:Alabama 10.svg|20px]] State Route 10

Rail
Rail service for freight is provided by Conecuh Valley Railroad and CSX.

In popular culture
Troy was the filming location of the Kid Rock song "Redneck Paradise", featuring Hank Williams Jr. Both music artists have residences in Troy. The bar scene in the music video was shot at the Double Branch Bar in Troy, which has existed for over 50 years.

During the early years of the bar, Hank Williams Sr.'s band, the Drifting Cowboys, could be seen there. In the 1960s, Billboard Hot 100 artist Bobby Purify of James & Bobby Purify took the stage at the Double Branch. Dean Daughtry from Classics IV and the Atlanta Rhythm Section was seen playing the bar in the 1970s, among other well-known artists.

Newspaper

 * Troy Messenger (one of the oldest newspapers in Alabama, established 1866)
 * The Tropolitan (Troy University paper)

Radio stations

 * WTBF (FM)/94.7 Talk/Personality/Oldies
 * WZHT (FM)/105.7 Urban Contemporary/Hip-Hop
 * WAXU (FM)/91.1 Christian
 * WTSU (FM)/89.9 Classical music
 * WTBF (AM)/970 Talk/Personality

Television stations

 * WIYC
 * Troy TrojanVision
 * Studio 52

Notable people

 * J. Richard Blankenship was a United States Ambassador to the Bahamas.
 * Major General Gwen Bingham was commander of the White Sands Missile Range.
 * John Crawley, jurist
 * Willie Davenport, Olympic medalist sprinter
 * William J. Dyess, former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs and United States Ambassador to the Netherlands
 * Jesse Hill Ford, Southern literature writer
 * Cornelius Griffin, former NFL defensive tackle
 * Charles Henderson, 35th governor of Alabama
 * Fox Henderson, businessman and banking entrepreneur
 * Fred Nall Hollis, artist
 * Manuel H. Johnson, economist
 * John Lewis, American civil rights leader and former U.S. Representative, was born in Troy.
 * William Lundy is claimed to be one of the last living Confederate veterans of the American Civil War.
 * C. Steven McMillan, CEO of Sara Lee Corporation from 2000 to 2005
 * Brian Meadows, Major League Baseball player
 * Max Rafferty, academic
 * Jean Sasson, author
 * Clarence "Pine Top" Smith, inventor of boogie woogie music, pianist
 * Art Stringer, former linebacker for the Houston Oilers
 * Henry A. Wiley, Commander-in-Chief and highest-ranking officer in the United States Navy from 1927 through 1929
 * Oliver C. Wiley, U.S. Representative
 * Wes Allen, Alabama Secretary of State

Points of interest

 * Troy University
 * College Street Historic District
 * Troy University Arboretum and Pocosin Nature Preserve
 * Pioneer Museum of Alabama
 * National Band Association Hall of Fame
 * Conecuh River Depot Military Museum
 * God's Way Baptist Church
 * Johnson Center for the Arts
 * Troy University International Art Center
 * Pike County Lake and Fishing Dock
 * Heart of Dixie Trail Ride
 * Town Square Confederate Memorial Monument
 * Troy-Pike Cultural Arts Center
 * Troy Recreation Center
 * Troy SportsPlex
 * Bicentennial Park
 * Murphree Park

title: Troy, Alabama


text:
Roanoke, Alabama

Roanoke is a city in Randolph County, which is in the Piedmont region of eastern Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 5,311, down from 6,074 in 2010 and 6,563 in 2000.

History
Roanoke was occupied by the Creek before treaties to persuade the Native Americans to cede their land, followed by forced migration under the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The area was part of a broad part of upland developed as cotton plantations worked by enslaved African Americans. The area is still quite rural.

Initially called High Pine in the 1830s after a nearby creek, it was allegedly burned during an Indian uprising in 1836. Renamed Chulafinee in 1840, it was later renamed again for the hometown of one of the early settlers, Roanoke, Virginia. The city was officially incorporated in December 1890.

Geography
Roanoke is located at 33.14889°N, -85.36972°W (33.148830, -85.369784).

The city is located in the southern part of Randolph County along U.S. Route 431, which is the main route through the city. U.S. 431 leads northwest 13 mi (21 km) to Wedowee, the Randolph County seat, and south 21 mi (34 km) to LaFayette. Alabama State Route 22 also runs through the city, leading west 13 mi (21 km) to Wadley and northeast 9 mi (14 km) to the Georgia state line.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.1 sqmi, of which 18.8 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi (1.47%) is water.

Local
The Mayor has been Jill Patterson since 2021.

Roanoke has three schools served by Roanoke City Schools: Knight Enloe Elementary (K-3), Handley Middle School (4-8), and Handley High School (9-12).

On December 1, 2011, the Handley High Tigers won the AHSAA Football Class 3A State Championship. In 2016 and 2020 the Handley High Tigers won the AHSAA 4A state title.

Roanoke is served by a weekly newspaper, The Randolph Leader.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 6,563 people in 2,467 households, including 1,660 families, in the city. The population density was 348.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,792 housing units at an average density of 148.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 58.94% White, 39.77% Black or African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.34% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. 1.19% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 2,467 households 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 30.2% of households were one person and 13.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.12.

The age distribution was 26.0% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.

The median household income was $26,946 and the median family income was $32,405. Males had a median income of $29,594 versus $22,135 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,088. About 11.9% of families and 18.6% of the population were below 7% of those younger than 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or older.

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 6,074 people in 2,409 households, including 1,538 families, in the city. The population density was 323.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,817 housing units at an average density of 149.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 57.6% White, 40.5% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. 1.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 2,409 households 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 21.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 33.1% of households were one person and 15.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.11.

The age distribution was 26.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% 65 or older. The median age was 37.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.

The median household income was $30,073 and the median family income was $37,007. Males had a median income of $35,096 versus $31,406 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,286. About 25.8% of families and 31.0% of the population were below 47.7% of those younger than 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or older.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,311 people, 2,387 households, and 1,562 families residing in the city.

Notable people

 * Admiral Edward A. Burkhalter, Chief of Naval Intelligence; Director of Intelligence Community, CIA
 * Wilkie Clark, African-American entrepreneur and civil rights activist
 * Jake Daniel, former Major League Baseball player
 * George Eddy, American-French basketball commentator and professional basketball player
 * Horace Gillom, former Cleveland Browns football player, who contributed to the evolution of punting by standing farther back from the center than was normal at the time
 * William Anderson Handley, former congressman
 * Fred Hyatt, former Auburn University and professional football wide receiver
 * Odell McLeod, country-gospel singer, radio entertainer, and songwriter
 * Stanley O'Neal, former chairman and chief executive officer of Merrill Lynch
 * Clare Purcell, former bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Church
 * Ella Gaunt Smith, doll manufacturer
 * David Vann, mayor of Birmingham, Alabama
 * Bradley Bozeman, former University of Alabama football player and current NFL football player with the Los Angeles Chargers.
 * Henry Spec Bonner, former mayor of Roanoke and owner of the old Bonner hotel.
 * Ronald L Traylor, MVP 1961 1A Alabama State Basketball Tournament, 1A Alabama State Tournament Record Holder (1961 vs. Notasulga, 39 points). University of Alabama sophomore redshirt, 1963.

title: Roanoke, Alabama


text:
Rock Mills, Alabama

Rock Mills is a census-designated place (CDP) in Randolph County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 600, down from 676 in 2000. According to the U.S. Census, from 1890 until the 1920s, Rock Mills was an incorporated community. It was later designated a CDP beginning in 2000.

Geography
Rock Mills is located at 33.16028°N, -85.29056°W (33.160348, -85.290469).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.3 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 676 people, 282 households, and 192 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 106.8 PD/sqmi. There were 313 housing units at an average density of 49.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.63% White, 2.22% Black or African American, 0.15% from other races. 1.63% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 282 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,714, and the median income for a family was $48,393. Males had a median income of $31,944 versus $20,117 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,093. About 12.3% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 52.3% of those age 65 or over.

Rock Mills Industry
The photo of Wehadkee Mill is of a yarn and twine mill which until recent times made yarn, twine and employed a steady number of Rock Mills employees for many decades.

Rock Mills Pottery
In town and nearby (communities of Bacon Level, Alabama and old Cedric, Alabama) was also a larger pottery community making esp. urns, churns, jugs for whiskey, molasses, sugar, milk and the water pitchers and washing bowls needed in every home. These potters still widely known today. And potters from this location moved further West to Mississippi and Texas. The immigration road to the West (to Mississippi, Arkansas, esp Texas) passed along here and so this pottery industry allowed immigrants to buy needed urns, churns, pots for storage. Local potters included well known Pittman Brothers, Boggs Family, WD Pound and Jessie Weathers.

title: Rock Mills, Alabama


text:
Wadley, Alabama

Wadley is a town in Randolph County, Alabama, United States. It is home to the Wadley campus of Southern Union State Community College. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 751, up from 640 in 2000. According to the 1910 U.S. Census, the town was incorporated in 1908.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.4 sqmi, of which 1.4 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (4.17%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 640 people, 228 households, and 149 families residing in the town. The population density was 463.7 PD/sqmi. There were 276 housing units at an average density of 200.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 65.16% White, 33.28% Black or African American, 1.09% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. 2.19% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 228 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 24.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 25.0% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 14.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $17,500, and the median income for a family was $24,219. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,076. About 29.4% of families and 30.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.6% of those under age 18 and 28.2% of those age 65 or over.

School
Wadley is home to Wadley High School. The local school district has an enrollment of about 400 children in all grades. The school's most notable alumnus is Terrell Zachery, who played on the 2010 Auburn University College Football National Championship team. He has had NFL experience with the Jacksonville Jaguars.

Notable people

 * Jamie Langley, Miss Alabama 2007
 * Tom Radney, former American Democratic politician and lawyer
 * Kayla Braxton, WWE broadcaster

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wadley has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Wadley, Alabama


text:
Wedowee, Alabama

Wedowee is a town in Randolph County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 823, up from 818 in 2000. The small town is the county seat of Randolph County. It was initially incorporated in 1836, but its charter lapsed by the late 19th century. It was reincorporated in 1901.

Randolph County High School is located in Wedowee.

History
Wedowee, which means "old water" in the Creek language, was named after a Muscogee Creek Indian chief. This area was historically occupied by the Muscogee Creek people.

Following Indian Removal of the Creek in the 1830s to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River by the US government, this area was settled by European Americans. The town of Wedowee was designated as the county seat of Randolph County in 1835. The county was developed for the cultivation of cotton as a commodity crop, with labor primarily done by enslaved African Americans, many of whom had been sold to the Deep South from the Upper South in the domestic slave trade.

Since the late 20th century, Lake Wedowee was created by the impoundment of the Tallapoosa River. This has enhanced the tourist drawing power of the town. Also known as the R. L. Harris Reservoir, the lake draws thousands of visitors to Wedowee every year.

Geography
Wedowee is located on the Piedmont plateau at 33.30861°N, -85.48556°W (33.308603, -85.485447). It is also located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains.

The city is located in the central part of Randolph County along U.S. Route 431, which is the main route through the city. U.S. 431 leads northwest 34 mi (55 km) to Oxford and southeast 13 mi (21 km) to Roanoke. Alabama State Route 48 also runs through the city, leading northeast 9 mi (14 km) to Woodland and west 16 mi (26 km) to Lineville.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.5 sqmi, of which 3.5 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.85%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 818 people, 337 households, and 200 families residing in the town. The population density was 233.4 PD/sqmi. There were 378 housing units at an average density of 107.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 68.70% White, 30.20% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. 0.12% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 337 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.8% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,136, and the median income for a family was $37,292. Males had a median income of $24,250 versus $22,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,638. About 17.1% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.7% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Hulond Humphries – part-time hog farmer; former high school principal and district superintendent.
 * John Merrill – politician; former Secretary of State of Alabama
 * T. Jack Lee – sixth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, 1989-1994
 * Stanley O'Neal – former CEO of Merrill Lynch; currently on the board of Alcoa
 * William Hugh Smith – 21st Governor of Alabama, 1868-1870; serving during the Reconstruction era, he was the first Republican Governor of Alabama. He had moved with his parents to Wedowee in 1839, at the age of 13; read law under John T. Heflin of Wedowee. A historic marker now stands on the site of his family's home along N. Main Street (U.S. Route 431) in Wedowee.
 * Alvin Wright – former NFL defensive lineman
 * Jordan Scales - Private aviation business leader

title: Wedowee, Alabama