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Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Sault Ste. Marie ( ) is a city in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Chippewa County and is the only city within the county. With a population of 13,337 at the 2020 census, it is the second-most populated city in the Upper Peninsula, behind Marquette. It is the primary city of the Sault Ste. Marie, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Chippewa County and had a population of 36,785 at the 2020 census. Sault Ste. Marie was settled by mostly French colonists in 1668, making it the oldest city in Michigan.

Sault Ste. Marie is located along the St. Marys River, which flows from Lake Superior to Lake Huron and forms part of the United States–Canada border. Across the river is the larger Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; the two cities are connected by the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge. Between the two cities are the Soo Locks, a set of locks allowing ship travel between Lake Superior and the Lower Great Lakes.

Sault Ste. Marie is home to Lake Superior State University.

Etymology
The city name was derived from the French term for the nearby rapids, which were called Les Saults de Sainte Marie. Sainte Marie (Saint Mary) was the name of the river and Saults referred to the rapids. (The archaic spelling Sault is a relic of the Middle French Period. Latin salta successively became Old French salte (c. 800 – c. 1340), Middle French sault, and Modern French saut, as in the verb sauter, to jump.)

Whereas the modern saut means simply "(a) jump", sault in the 17th century was also applied to cataracts, waterfalls and rapids. This resulted in such place names as Grand Falls/Grand-Sault, and Sault-au-Récollet on the Island of Montreal in Canada; and Sault-Saint-Remy and Sault-Brénaz in France. In contemporary French, the word for "rapids" is rapides.

Sault Sainte-Marie in French means "the Rapids of Saint Mary" (for a more detailed discussion, refer to the Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario page). The Saint Mary's River runs from Lake Superior to Lake Huron, between what are now the twin border cities on either side.

No hyphens are used in the English spelling, which is otherwise identical to the French, but the pronunciations differ. Anglophones say and Francophones say. In French, the name can be written Sault-Sainte-Marie. On both sides of the border, the towns and the general vicinity are called The Sault (usually pronounced ), or The Soo.

History

For centuries, Oc̣eṭi Ṡakowiƞ (Dakota, Lakota, Nakoda), or Sioux, people lived in the area. Around the 1300s, the Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) began to move in from the East Coast, gradually pushing the Oc̣eṭi Ṡakowiƞ westward. They called the area Baawitigong ("at the cascading rapids"), after the rapids of St. Marys River. French colonists renamed the region Saulteaux ("rapids" in French). The Oc̣eṭi Ṡakowiƞ came to call the Anishinaabe "Ḣaḣaṭuƞwaƞ", or "Dwellers of the Falls."

In 1668, French missionaries Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette founded a Jesuit mission at this site. Sault Ste. Marie developed as one of oldest European cities in the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains, and the oldest permanent European settlement in Michigan. On June 4, 1671, Simon-François Daumont de Saint-Lusson, a colonial agent, was dispatched from Quebec to the distant tribes, proposing a congress of Indian nations at the Falls of St. Mary between Lake Huron and Lake Superior. Trader Nicolas Perrot helped attract the principal chiefs, and representatives of 14 Indigenous nations were invited for the elaborate ceremony. The French officials proclaimed France's appropriation of the immense territory surrounding Lake Superior in the name of King Louis XIV.

In the 18th century, the settlement became an important center of the fur trade, when it was a post for the British-owned North West Company, based in Montreal. The fur trader John Johnston, a Scots-Irish immigrant from Belfast, was considered the first European settler in 1790. He married a high-ranking Ojibwe woman named Ozhaguscodaywayquay, the daughter of a prominent chief, Waubojeeg. She also became known as Susan Johnston. Their marriage was one of many alliances in the northern areas between high-ranking European traders and Ojibwe. The family was prominent among Native Americans, First Nations, and Europeans from both Canada and the United States. They had eight children who learned fluent Ojibwe, English and French. The Johnstons entertained a variety of trappers, explorers, traders, and government officials, especially during the years before the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States.

For more than 140 years, the settlement was a single community under French colonial, and later, British colonial rule. After the War of 1812, a US–UK Joint Boundary Commission finally fixed the border in 1817 between the Michigan Territory of the US and the British Province of Upper Canada to follow the river in this area. Whereas traders had formerly moved freely through the whole area, the United States forbade Canadian traders from operating in the United States, which reduced their trade and disrupted the area's economy. The American and Canadian communities of Sault Ste. Marie were each incorporated as independent municipalities toward the end of the 19th century.

As a result of the fur trade, the settlement attracted Ojibwe and Ottawa, Métis, and ethnic Europeans of various nationalities. It was a two-tiered society, with fur traders (who had capital) and their families and upper-class Ojibwe in the upper echelon. In the aftermath of the War of 1812, however, the community's society changed markedly.

The U.S. built Fort Brady near the settlement, introducing new troops and settlers, mostly Anglo-American. The UK and the US settled on a new northern boundary in 1817, dividing the US and Canada along St. Mary's River. The US prohibited British fur traders from operating in the United States. After completion of the Erie Canal in New York State in 1825 (expanded in 1832), the number of settlers migrating to Ohio and Michigan increased dramatically from New York and New England, bringing with them the Yankee culture of the Northern Tier. Their numbers overwhelmed the cosmopolitan culture of the earlier settlers. They practiced more discrimination against Native Americans and Métis.

The falls proved a choke point for shipping between the Great Lakes. Early ships traveling to and from Lake Superior were portaged around the rapids in a lengthy process (much like moving a house) that could take weeks. Later, only the cargoes were unloaded, hauled around the rapids, and then loaded onto other ships waiting below the rapids. The first American lock, the State Lock, was built in 1855; it was instrumental in improving shipping. The lock has been expanded and improved over the years.

In 1900, Northwestern Leather Company opened a tannery in Sault Ste. Marie. The tannery was founded to process leather for the upper parts of shoes, which was finer than that for soles. After the factory closed in 1958, the property was sold to Filborn Limestone, a subsidiary of Algoma Steel Corporation.

In March 1938 during the Great Depression, Sophia Nolte Pullar bequeathed $70,000 for construction of the Pullar Community Building, which opened in 1939. This building held an indoor ice rink composed of artificial ice, then a revolutionary concept. The ice rink is still owned by the city.

Geography
The city is located at 46°49'N 84°35'W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 20.16 sqmi, of which 14.77 sqmi is land and 5.39 sqmi is water. The city's downtown is on an island, formed by the Sault Ste. Marie Power Canal to the south and the St. Mary's River and Soo Locks to the north.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Sault Ste. Marie has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with cold, snowy winters and warm summers. Sault Ste. Marie is one of the snowiest places in Michigan, receiving an average of 120 in of snow per winter season, with a record year when 209 in fell. 62 in of snow fell in one five-day snowstorm, including 28 in in 24 hours, in December 1995. During this time, the city proper experienced a far greater level of snowfall than the farmlands past the canal and riverfront due to lake-effect snow. This caused the 1437th MRBC National Guard local armory to be mobilized for disaster relief in order to remove hundreds of tons of snow which effectively blockaded people within their own homes. Precipitation measured as equivalent rainfall, Sault Ste. Marie receives an annual average of 33 in. Its immediate region is the cloudiest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, having over 200 cloudy days a year.

Temperatures in Sault Ste. Marie have varied between a record low of -36 °F and a record high of 98 °F. Monthly average temperatures range from 13 °F in January to 64 °F in July. On average, only two out of every five years reaches 90 °F, while there are 85.5 days annually where the high remains at or below freezing and 26.5 nights with a low of 0 °F or colder.

Average monthly precipitation is lowest in February, and highest in September and October. This autumn maximum in precipitation, unusual for humid continental climates, owes to this area's Great Lakes location. From May through July (usually the year's wettest months in most of the upper Midwestern United States, away from large bodies of water), the lake waters surrounding Sault Ste. Marie are cooler than nearby land areas. This tends to stabilize the atmosphere, suppressing precipitation (especially showers and thunderstorms) somewhat, in May, June and July. In autumn, the lakes are releasing their stored heat from the summer, making them warmer than the surrounding land, and increasingly frequent and strong polar and Arctic air outbreaks pick up warmth and moisture during their over-water passage, resulting in clouds and instability showers. In Sault Ste. Marie, this phenomenon peaks in September and October, making these the wettest months of the year. Also noteworthy is that in Sault Ste. Marie, the year's third wettest month, on average, is November, and not any summer month.

 * Notes:

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, the population was 13,337. The population density was 903.8 PD/sqmi. There were 6,234 housing units at an average density of 422.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 68.9% White, 17.8% Native American, 1.0% Black or African American, 0.9% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 10.7% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.4% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Economy
Tourism is a major industry in the area. The Soo Locks and nearby Kewadin Casino, Hotel and Convention Center—which is owned by the Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians—are the major draws, as well as the forests, inland lakes, and Lake Superior shoreline. Sault Ste. Marie is also a gateway to Lake Superior's scenic north shore through its twin city Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The two cities are connected by the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge, a steel truss arch bridge with suspended deck passing over the St. Marys River.

University
Sault Ste. Marie is home to Lake Superior State University (LSSU), founded in 1946 as an extension campus of Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now Michigan Technological University); the campus was originally Fort Brady. LSSU is home to the LSSU Lakers (D1 Hockey (CCHA), D2 all other sports (GLIAC). LSSU has around 1500 students, making it Michigan's smallest public university.

Primary and secondary education
The area school district is Sault Ste. Marie Area Schools.

The Sault's primary public high school is Sault Area High School (SAHS). "Sault High" is one of the few high schools in the state with attached career center. The school's mascot is the Blue Devil. "Sault High" houses a variety of successful varsity sports teams, such as hockey, wrestling, baseball, and basketball. Altogether, the school provides 24 competitive sports teams for both boys and girls at all levels. The school district also operates Malcolm High School as an alternative high school.

Sault Ste. Marie has two middle schools, one in the Sault Ste. Marie School System known as Sault Area Middle School. Before the 6th grade annex was added in the late 1980s, the school was referred to as Sault Area Junior High School. The Second Middle School is a part of Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting School, a Native American-affiliated Public School Academy.

There are two elementary schools in Sault Ste. Marie, Lincoln Elementary and Washington Elementary. There is also a Public School Academy, Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting School, and the St. Mary's Catholic School. Jefferson Elementary, McKinley Elementary, Bruce Township Elementary, and Soo Township Elementary (converted into an Alternative High School) have closed because of declining enrollment in the school system.

St. Mary's Catholic School serves students in grades K–8. It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette.

There is a Bureau of Indian Education-affiliated tribal school, Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School. It was established in 1994 and received its current name in 1998.

TV

All stations listed here are rebroadcasters of television stations based in Traverse City and Cadillac.

 * Channel 8: WGTQ, ABC (rebroadcasts WGTU); NBC on digital subchannel 8.2 (rebroadcasts WPBN-TV), Charge! on digital subchannel 8.3
 * Channel 10: WWUP, CBS (rebroadcasts WWTV); Fox on digital subchannel 10.2 (rebroadcasts WFQX-TV), MeTV on digital subchannel 10.3, Laff on digital subchannel 10.4, QVC on digital subchannel 10.5, and HSN on digital subchannel 10.6
 * Channel 28: W28DY-D, 3ABN (all programming via satellite)

NBC and ABC are also served by WTOM channel 4 from Cheboygan, which repeats WPBN-TV and WGTU. The market can also receive select over the air channels from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, including Global Toronto on channel 12.1 at CIII-DT-12, and CTV Northern Ontario on analog channel 2 at CHBX. Channel 8.3 was previously the science fiction network Comet until being replaced by Charge!, which is also operated by the Sinclair Broadcast Group.

The area has no local PBS, The CW, or MyNetworkTV service over-the-air. The Spectrum cable system offers all three in their regional packages through Marquette's PBS affiliate WNMU-TV, Cadillac's CW affiliate WFQX-CW, and joint MyNetworkTV/Cozi TV affiliate WXII-LD out of Cedar. The next closest PBS station after WNMU is Cadillac satellite station WCMV.

None of these stations are seen on cable in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, as Shaw Cable chooses to largely air Detroit affiliates for over the air channels, while WUHF in Rochester, New York, WPIX in New York City, New York, and WSBK-TV in Boston, Massachusetts provide the closest Fox, CW, and MNTV affiliates carried by Shaw in the market.

Radio

 * 1230 AM – WSOO (adult contemporary/news/sports)
 * 1400 AM – WKNW (talk/sports)
 * 91.5 FM – WJOH (Contemporary Christian) "Smile FM" (rebroadcasts WLGH from Lansing)
 * 98.3 FM – WCMZ (NPR/jazz) (rebroadcasts WCMU-FM from Mount Pleasant)
 * 99.5 FM – WYSS (contemporary hit radio)
 * 101.3 FM – WSUE (active rock)
 * 102.3 FM – WTHN (religious) (rebroadcasts WPHN-FM from Gaylord)
 * 103.3 FM – W277AG (religious) (rebroadcasts WHWL-FM from Marquette)
 * The 46th Parallel Radio (college radio) ''(internet station broadcast from Lake Superior State University; previously on WLSO 90.1 FM)

Other stations serving the Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, market:

 * 88.1 FM – CBON-FM-18 (French; repeats CBON-FM, Sudbury, Ontario) – Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
 * 89.5 FM – CBSM-FM (CBC Radio One; Repeats CBCS-FM, Sudbury, Ontario) - Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
 * 93.9 FM – WNBY (oldies) – Newberry, Michigan
 * 95.1 FM – WUPN (classic hits) – Paradise, Michigan
 * 97.9 FM – WIHC (Christian radio) – Newberry, Michigan
 * 100.5 FM – CHAS-FM (hot adult contemporary) "Kiss 100.5" – Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
 * 104.3 FM – CJQM-FM (country music) "Country 104.3" – Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
 * 105.5 FM – WMKD (country music) – Pickford, Michigan
 * 106.5 FM – CJTK-FM-8 (Contemporary Christian; Repeats CJTK-FM, Sudbury, Ontario) – Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Print
The city's main daily paper is The Sault News, formerly the Sault Evening News.

Athletics
Spectator sports in Sault Ste. Marie include Lake Superior State University Athletics and the Soo Eagles of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL). The Lakers participate in NCAA Division I Ice Hockey and Division II Women's and Men's Basketball, Women's and Men's Golf, Women's Volleyball, Women's and Men's Track and Field, Women's and Men's Tennis and Women's and Men's Cross Country.

Nicknamed the Lakers, LSSU's hockey program is celebrating its 50th season of intercollegiate competition. The team plays its home contests at Taffy Abel Arena (4,000 seats) on LSSU's campus and is one of the most decorated in NCAA hockey history. The squad claimed two NAIA titles in the 1970s before a run of three NCAA division one championships (1988, 1992, 1994) and one finalist appearance (1993) in the late 1980s and early 90s. They compete in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA).

The rest of the athletic teams play in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC). The basketball programs at LSSU have seen their share of success. The Men's program won overall GLIAC regular season titles in 2014–15, 2013–14, 1995-1996 (Tournament Champion) and also claimed the north division crown in 2008–09. LSSU's women's program won GLIAC gold from 2001 to 2002 through 2004–05. They also captured GLIAC tournament titles in 2002-03 and 2003–04. Both Men's and Women's squads play their home games in the Bud Cooper Gymnasium within the Norris Center.

Sault Ste. Marie is the home of the International 500 Snowmobile Race (commonly called the I-500), which takes place annually and draws participants and spectators from all over the U.S. and Canada. The race, which was inspired by the Indianapolis 500, originated in 1969 and has been growing ever since.

Transportation

The city is home to the northern terminus of Interstate 75 (I-75), which connects with the Mackinac Bridge at St. Ignace approximately 50 mi to the south, and continues south to near Miami. M-129 also has its northern terminus in the city. M-129 was at one time a part of the Dixie Highway system, which was intended to connect the northern industrial states with the southern agricultural states. Until 1984 the city was the eastern terminus of the western segment of US 2. County Highway H-63 (or Mackinac Trail) also has its northern terminus in the city and extends south to St. Ignace and follows a route very similar to I-75. The city is joined to its Canadian counterpart by the International Bridge, which connects I-75 in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Huron Street in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.

Commercial airline service is provided to the city by the Chippewa County International Airport in Kinross, about 20 mi south of the city. Smaller general aviation aircraft also use the Sault Ste. Marie Municipal Airport about one 1 mi southwest of downtown.

Sault Ste. Marie was the namesake of the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway, now the Soo Line Railroad, the U.S. arm of the Canadian Pacific Railway. This railroad had a bridge parallel to the International Bridge crossing the St. Marys River. The Soo Line has since, through a series of acquisitions and mergers of portions of the system, been split between Canadian Pacific and Canadian National Railway (CN). Canadian National operates the rail lines and the bridge in the Sault Ste. Marie area that were part of the Soo Line.

The Sugar Island Ferry provides automobile and passenger access between Sault Ste. Marie and Sugar Island, formerly a center of maple sugaring. The short route that the ferry travels crosses the shipping channel. Despite the high volume of freighter traffic through the locks, freighters typically do not dock in the Sault. However, the city hosts tugs, a tourist passenger ferry service, and a Coast Guard station along the shoreline on the lower (east) side of the Soo Locks. The United States Postal Service operates a "Marine Post Office", situated within the locks, to service ships as they pass through.

Shipping traffic in the Great Lakes system bypasses the rapids in the St. Marys River via the American Soo Locks. Locally, it is often claimed to be the world's busiest canal in terms of tonnage passing through it. The largest ships are 1000 ft long by 105 ft wide. These are domestic carriers (called lakers). Smaller recreational and tour boats use the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie Canal. The lakers, being too large to transit the Welland Canal that bypasses Niagara Falls, are therefore land-locked. Foreign ships (termed salties) are smaller and can exit the Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River and the Atlantic Ocean.

Notable people

 * Taffy Abel, former Olympic and NHL player
 * Cliff Barton, former NHL player
 * Bob Bemer, computer scientist
 * Jeff Blashill, assistant coach with the NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning and former head coach of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings; born in Detroit but grew up in Sault Ste. Marie, where his father was a professor at Lake Superior State University
 * Rosalynn Bliss, Mayor of Grand Rapids
 * Denton G. Burdick, Oregon state legislator
 * Vic Desjardins, former NHL player
 * John Johnston (1762–1828), married to Ozhaguscodaywayquay (also known as Susan), daughter of Waubojeeg, an Ojibwe chief; together they built a prosperous fur trading business; among upper class in Euro-American and Ojibwe communities of region during late-18th and early-19th centuries
 * Lloyd H. Kincaid, former Wisconsin State Senator
 * Bruce Martyn, radio and TV play-by-play announcer of the Detroit Red Wings from 1964 to 1995; graduated from Lake Superior State University and began his radio career at WSOO
 * Bun LaPrairie, former NHL player
 * William McPherson, author and Washington Post writer, was born in Sault Ste. Marie
 * Tip O'Neill, former NFL player
 * Terry O'Quinn, best known for playing John Locke from the ABC show Lost, was born in Sault Ste. Marie
 * Chase S. Osborn, Michigan's only Governor from the Upper Peninsula
 * Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, ethnographer and U.S. Indian agent who named many counties and places in Michigan in his official capacity; husband of Jane Johnston Schoolcraft
 * Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, daughter of John and Susan Johnston, recognized as the first Native American literary writer and poet, and inducted into °°Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2008
 * Joseph H. Steere, Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court
 * Reed Timmer, American meteorologist and extreme storm chaser
 * Kim A. Wilcox, Chancellor of UC Riverside
 * Wendy M. James, Environmental Champion The Better World Group

Notable landmarks

 * Pullar Stadium was constructed starting in 1937 and opened in 1939. It is used as an ice arena where the Soo Eagles play.
 * The Ramada Plaza Hotel Ojiway opened on December 31, 1927. The first owners were Beatrice and Leon Daglman. The building is 95 years old. The 27th Governor of Michigan Chase S. Osborn donated the site and $50,000. It was his dream to build a nice elegant hotel. Overall, it cost $250,000 to build it. On the day of its opening it had 91 rooms, 33 of which included bath tubs, 13 with showers, 34 with toilet and washbowls, and 11 just had a washbowl. This hotel was made for all the tourist who came to the town. Governor Chase S. Osborn and his family lived on the sixth floor for a while and so did Beatrice and Leon Daglman. The hotel contains 100 guestrooms, dining room, checkroom, barbershop and beauty parlor. Its decorated as an Art Deco architectural design, décor, detailed amenities and exceptional service gained national interest and attracted many famous guests including Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis and more recently President George H.W. Bush in 1992
 * The Soo Theatre has been a part of Sault Ste. Marie for over 80 years and has provided entertainment of live plays, movies, and musicals. The Theatre opened in March 1930 and for 40 years was used for films and live performances. In May 1974 the theater was divided into red and blue cinemas, where a cement wall divided the once open auditorium. The building was then closed in 1998 and was put up for sale. In March 2003 the Soo Theatre Project Inc. purchased it for $85,000. After that the theater began restoration so plays and other types of entertainment could be put on once again.
 * Holy Name of Mary Pro-Cathedral (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan) was begun by Jesuits in 1668. There are only two other parishes, one in St. Augustine, Florida and the other in Santa Fe, New Mexico, that are older in the United States.[3] On January 9, 1857 Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Sault Ste. Marie[4] and St. Mary's was named the cathedral church for the new diocese. The present church, the fifth for the parish, was built in 1881. It was designed by Canadian architect Joseph Connolly in the Gothic Revival style. The church was extensively remodeled in three phases from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. In 1968 the parish built the Tower of History as a shrine to the Catholic missionaries who served the community.[5] It was designed to be a part of a larger complex that was to include a community center and a new church. Parish priorities changed and the structure was sold to Sault Historic Sites in 1980, who continues to operate it. Proceeds from the Tower of History still benefit the church.
 * The Soo Locks are a set of parallel locks which enable ships to travel between Lake Superior and the lower Great Lakes. They are on the St. Marys River between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, between the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan and the Canadian province of Ontario. They bypass the rapids of the river, where the water falls 21 feet (7 m). The locks pass an average of 10,000 ships per year,[4] despite being closed during the winter from January through March, when ice shuts down shipping on the Great Lakes. The winter closure period is used to inspect and maintain the locks. The locks share a name (usually shortened and anglicized as Soo) with the two cities named Sault Ste. Marie, in Ontario and in Michigan, on either side of the St. Marys River. The Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge between the United States and Canada permits vehicular traffic to pass over the locks. A railroad bridge crosses the St. Marys River just upstream of the highway bridge.
 * Taffy Abel Arena is the home of Lake Superior State University's Division 1 hockey team. The 4,000-seat arena is part of the Norris Center athletic complex on LSSU's campus. It was renovated in 1995 and is named after Clarence "Taffy" Abel. Abel was the first American born player to become an NHL regular and was born in the Soo.
 * Lake Superior State University sits on the former site of U.S. Army's Fort Brady. The university has converted most of the buildings to serve housing and administrative needs for its students, faculty, guests and employees. The 115-acre campus includes several buildings which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The university has an enrollment of around 2500 students.

Sister cities

 * 🇨🇦 Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada (also twin city)

title: Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan


text:
Soo Township, Michigan

Soo Township is a civil township of Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,966 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Soo Township consists of two section in northeastern Chippewa County, connected by a stretch of the St. Marys River. The northwestern section is part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and is bordered to the north by the city of Sault Ste. Marie. It extends west into Izaak Walton Bay on the St. Marys River (upstream from Sault Ste. Marie) and east as far as the Little Rapids Channel of the river (downstream from Sault Ste. Marie). The southeastern portion of the township, about 43% of the township's total territory, comprises Neebish Island, 9 mi downriver from the rest of the township.

According to the US Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 175.9 km2, of which 129.8 km2 is land and 46.1 km2, or 26.20%, is water.

Communities

 * Neebish Island is separated from the township by waters of St. Marys River. Its hundred-odd permanent residents comprise an unincorporated community.

Demographics
In 2010, the township had a population of 3,141.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Soo Township, Michigan


text:
Sugar Island Township, Michigan

Sugar Island Township is a civil township of Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 653 at the 2020 census. The township consists of Sugar Island, several smaller islands, and the surrounding waters in the St. Marys River.

Some of its land is within the reservation of the Bay Mills Indian Community, a federally recognized tribe and band of Chippewa who have long been in the region of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Native Americans make up one-third of the population on the island.

History
The Ojibwe (known as Chippewa in the United States) occupied the island and nearby areas for at least 500 years. Among the federally recognized tribes in Michigan is the Bay Mills Indian Community, which has territory on Sugar Island.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 76.46 sqmi, of which 49.35 sqmi is land and 27.11 sqmi (35.46%) is water.

The township is located directly east of the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and is connected to the city by a ferry. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, is to the northwest across the St. Marys River, but with no direct transportation connection. Sugar Island Township is one of only seven municipalities in the state of Michigan to consist entirely of islands, including Grosse Ile Township, Drummond Township, Bois Blanc Township, Mackinac Island, Peaine Township, and St. James Township.

Communities

 * Homestead is an unincorporated community on the southeastern end of the island at 46.33806°N, -84.1225°W

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 683 people, 294 households, and 211 families residing in the township. In 2020, its population was 653.

title: Sugar Island Township, Michigan


text:
Superior Township, Chippewa County, Michigan

Superior Township is a civil township of Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,276 at the 2020 census.

The federally recognized Bay Mills Indian Community has part of its land base reservation in Superior Township, based west of Brimley. It operates two casinos on its reservation, one of which is in Superior Township, to generate funds for education and welfare of its people. Brimley State Park is also within the township on the shores of Lake Superior.

Geography
Superior Township is located in north of the center of Chippewa County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 271.1 sqkm, of which 266.7 sqkm is land and 4.4 sqkm, or 1.62%, is water.

The Delirium Wilderness is located several miles south of the community of Raco and extends into Kinross Township to the south.

Communities

 * Brimley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the north of the township.
 * Raco is an unincorporated community on M-28, about 8 mi southwest of Brimley. The name comes from the acronym of the Richardson & Avery COmpany.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,329 people, 515 households, and 384 families residing in the township. In 2010, its population then grew to 1,337.


text:
Trout Lake Township, Michigan

Trout Lake Township is a civil township of Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 332 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 143.63 sqmi, of which 141.39 sqmi is land and 2.24 sqmi (1.56%) is water.

The township is in southwestern Chippewa County on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and is bordered to the south and west by Mackinac County. The unincorporated community of Trout Lake is in the southwestern part of the township, near the lake of the same name.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 465 people, 212 households, and 143 families residing in the township. By 2020, its population was 332.

title: Trout Lake Township, Michigan


text:
Whitefish Township, Michigan

Whitefish Township is a civil township of Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 474 at the 2020 census.

With a land area of 241.50 sqmi, Whitefish Township is the sixth-largest municipality in the state by land area and among the least-densely populated. Located along Whitefish Bay on the shores of Lake Superior, the township contains Whitefish Point Light and the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, as well as portions of Tahquamenon Falls State Park.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 293.64 sqmi, of which 241.50 sqmi is land and 52.14 sqmi (17.76%) is water. Whitefish Township is the sixth-largest municipality by land area in the state after the townships of McMillan, Marenisco, Hiawatha, Watersmeet, and L'Anse.

Whitefish Township occupies the northwest corner of Chippewa County in the Upper Peninsula. It is on the shores of Lake Superior to the north with Whitefish Bay to the east. Whitefish Point forms the northern tip of the township and also includes Vermilion Point to the west. The township of Bay Mills, Chippewa, and Hulbert are to the south and southeast, while McMillan Township in Luce County borders to the west.

The mouth of the Tahquamenon River is within the township. The eastern portion of Tahquamenon Falls State Park, including the Lower Tahquamenon Falls, is within Whitefish Township, while a smaller portion of the state park extends west into McMillan Township. The township also contains Whitefish Point Light, the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, the Whitefish Point Bird Observatory, and the Whitefish Point Unit of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge.

Major highways

 * runs south–north through the township before turning east within the community of Paradise.
 * Forest Route 42.svg Whitefish Bay National Forest Scenic Byway (Lake Superior Shoreline Road) enters briefly in the southern portion of the township before having its western terminus at M-123.

Communities

 * Emerson is an uninhabited unincorporated community located within the township at 46.55639°N, -85.02917°W.
 * Paradise is an unincorporated community located along M-123 at 46.6275°N, -85.0375°W along the shores of Whitefish Bay. The Paradise 49768 ZIP Code serves the majority of Whitefish Township.
 * Shelldrake is an unincorporated community located within the township at 46.67778°N, -85.03361°W.
 * Snug Harbor is an unincorporated community located along the Tahquamenon River at 46.5553°N, -85.06981°W.
 * Timberlost is an unincorporated community located along the Tahquamenon River at 46.56141°N, -85.17066°W.
 *  Vermilion is an uninhabited unincorporated community and located at 46.76306°N, -85.14889°W in the northern portion of the township at Vermilion Point along the shores of Lake Superior. The remote area was only previously surveyed until the Vermilion Lifesaving Station began operation in 1877.  The small community grew to include mainly the servicemen at the station and their families.  A post office in Vermilion was in operation from May 23, 1896 to October 31, 1922.  When the station was closed in 1944, the community was abandoned.  Only one original station structure exists along with several recently restored structures.
 * Whitefish Landing is an unincorporated community located along the Tahquamenon River just upstream from Timberlost at 46.55196°N, -85.17177°W.
 * Whitefish Point is an unincorporated community located at 46.77056°N, -84.95667°W at the northern end of the township near Whitefish Point. The Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, Whitefish Point Bird Observatory and Whitefish Point Light are located in Whitefish Point. The community was settled in 1871 and had its own post office from September 24, 1877 to February 15, 1974.  While the post office is no longer in operation, it was listed as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 588 people, 285 households, and 196 families residing in the township. By 2020, its population was 474.

title: Whitefish Township, Michigan


text:
Arthur Township, Michigan

Arthur Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The township population was 676 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.21 sqmi, of which 36.02 sqmi is land and 0.19 sqmi (0.52%) is water.

The middle and north branch of the Tobacco River flows through the township.

Major highways

 * forms the entire northern boundary of the township with Hamilton Township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 667 people, 245 households, and 192 families residing in the township. The population density was 18.5 PD/sqmi. There were 330 housing units at an average density of 9.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.50% White, 0.45% African American, 0.15% Native American, and 0.90% from two or more races.

There were 245 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.8% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $39,148, and the median income for a family was $42,404. Males had a median income of $31,458 versus $21,979 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,380. About 6.2% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Despite is rural environment and low population, the township is divided among four different public school district. The northeast corner of the township is served by Gladwin Community Schools to the east in Gladwin. The southeast corner of the township is served by Beaverton Rural Schools to the southeast in Beaverton. The southwestern portion of the township is served by Clare Public Schools to the southwest in Clare. A small portion of the northwest corner of the township is served by Harrison Community Schools to the northwest in Harrison.

title: Arthur Township, Michigan


text:
Farwell, Michigan

Farwell is a village in Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 880 at the 2020 census. The village is located within Surrey Township about 4.0 mi west of the city of Clare.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.41 sqmi, of which 1.37 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (2.84) is water.

The south branch of the Tobacco River flows through the village and contains the Mill Pond reservoir.

Major highways

 * runs west–east through the center of the village.

History
Farwell was founded in 1870 by Edmund Hall, John Van Riper, and George Hitchcock. The Farwell post office opened on January 20, 1871, with George Hitchcock serving as the first postmaster. It was informally platted in 1871 and officially platted the following year by Josiah Littlefield of Ann Arbor. The Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad had plans of expanding into the area on a new route connecting Saginaw to Ludington, which was completed by the end of the decade. The new community was named after New York native Samuel Farwell, who had an interest in the railroad and was a construction contractor. In 1871, Farwell became the first county seat of Clare County but lost the seat of government to Harrison in 1879 after the Farwell courthouse burned down two years earlier. Farwell incorporated as a village in 1879.

In 1982, the Rock Road massacre occurred to the west of Farwell in Garfield Township. Due to its proximity to the village, it became known as the "Farwell Murders" and brought national attention to the area.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 871 people, 373 households, and 229 families residing in the village. The population density was 645.2 PD/sqmi. There were 411 housing units at an average density of 304.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.8% White, 0.6% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 373 households, of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.6% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the village was 40.4 years. 22% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 27.2% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 855 people, 369 households, and 214 families residing in the village. The population density was 620.5 PD/sqmi. There were 404 housing units at an average density of 293.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.08% White, 0.58% African American, 1.52% Native American, 0.12% Asian, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.

There were 369 households out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.0% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the village the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 83.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $32,917. Males had a median income of $29,063 versus $20,329 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,870. About 7.2% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Farwell is served by its own school district, Farwell Area Schools, which is centralized in the village and also serves several adjacent townships in both Clare and Isabella County.

title: Farwell, Michigan


text:
Franklin Township, Clare County, Michigan

Franklin Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 730 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Meredith is an unincorporated community along the eastern boundary of the township with Sherman Township in Gladwin County at 44.13056°N, -84.60722°W. During the lumber boom of the late 1800s, the settlement had a population of as many as 1,800 people. A post office operated from January 14, 1884, until October 14, 1895.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.47 sqmi, of which 35.33 sqmi is land and 0.14 sqmi (0.39%) is water.

Major highways

 * forms most of the eastern boundary of the township with Gladwin County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 809 people, 343 households, and 239 families residing in the township. The population density was 22.9 PD/sqmi. There were 915 housing units at an average density of 25.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.13% White, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 343 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $25,598, and the median income for a family was $26,932. Males had a median income of $29,583 versus $15,795 for females. The per capita income for the township was $12,353. About 13.4% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 32.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Franklin Township is served entirely by Harrison Community Schools to the southwest in the city of Harrison.


text:
Freeman Township, Michigan

Freeman Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,125 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.80 sqmi, of which 34.58 sqmi is land and 1.22 sqmi (3.41%) is water.

The township contains numerous small lakes, including Doc and Tom Lake, Windover Lake, and Big Norway Lake.

Major highways

 * runs diagonally southeast–southwest through the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,118 people, 469 households, and 347 families residing in the township. The population density was 32.3 PD/sqmi. There were 933 housing units at an average density of 27.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.94% White, 1.43% Native American, 0.09% Pacific Islander, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 469 households, out of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.3% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.70.

In the township the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 19.7% from 25 to 44, 33.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $30,398, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $28,036 versus $21,696 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,624. About 10.5% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The entire township is served by Harrison Community Schools to the southwest in Harrison.

title: Freeman Township, Michigan


text:
Frost Township, Michigan

Frost Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,038 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Cooperton is an unincorporated community located along Old US Highway 27 in the northern portion of the township at 44.15752°N, -84.78586°W.
 * Long Lake Heights is an unincorporated community on the northern shores of Long Lake at 44.09919°N, -84.77447°W. The community had its own rural post office named Longlake from June 20, 1899 to May 15, 1912.
 * Piney Woods is an unincorporated community along the southern boundary of the township at 44.07335°N, -84.80836°W. Most of the communities is located to the south in Hayes Township.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.52 sqmi, of which 34.95 sqmi is land and 0.57 sqmi (1.60%) is water.

Major highways

 * runs south–north through the center of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,159 people, 495 households, and 325 families residing in the township. The population density was 33.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,190 housing units at an average density of 34.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 96.38% White, 0.69% African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 1.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.47% of the population.

There were 495 households, out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the township the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $27,243, and the median income for a family was $32,768. Males had a median income of $27,250 versus $22,386 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,387. About 13.1% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The entire township is served by Harrison Community Schools to the south in Harrison.

title: Frost Township, Michigan


text:
Garfield Township, Clare County, Michigan

Garfield Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,807 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Lake is an unincorporated community within the township near U.S Route 10 at 43.85194°N, -85.00528°W. The Lake 48632 ZIP Code serves the majority of the township, as well as portions of several surrounding townships in multiple counties.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.77 sqmi, of which 33.39 sqmi is land and 2.38 sqmi (6.65%) is water.

Major highways

 * runs west–east through the center of the township.
 * runs very briefly through the northeast corner of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,968 people, 852 households, and 581 families residing in the township. The population density was 58.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,936 housing units at an average density of 58.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.07% White, 0.66% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population.

There were 852 households, out of which 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.68.

In the township the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $29,038, and the median income for a family was $32,813. Males had a median income of $26,357 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,209. About 6.7% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.1% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The entire township is served by Farwell Area Schools to the east in the village of Farwell.


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Grant Township, Clare County, Michigan

Grant Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,360 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Dover is an unincorporated community located in the northeast portion of the township at 43.88752°N, -84.7478°W. William Crawford, who was one of the first settlers in the county, moved here with his family in 1866.  A post office in Dover operated from April 24, 1882, until February 15, 1905.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 33.25 sqmi, of which 32.76 sqmi is land 0.49 sqmi (1.47%) is water.

Major highways

 * enters through the township from the west and briefly runs concurrently with US 127.
 * runs south–north through the center of the township.
 * is a business loop route that runs briefly north out of the city of Clare.
 * is a business loop route that has portions concurrent with Bus. US 10.
 * runs through the southwestern portion of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,034 people, 1,151 households, and 874 families residing in the township. The population density was 91.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,367 housing units at an average density of 41.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.33% White, 0.13% African American, 0.59% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.53% of the population.

There were 1,151 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $35,245, and the median income for a family was $41,607. Males had a median income of $31,193 versus $21,400 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,597. About 8.3% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served by two separate public school districts. Most of the township is served by Clare Public Schools. The western portion of the township is served by Farwell Area Schools to the west in the village of Farwell.

title: Grant Township, Clare County, Michigan


text:
Greenwood Township, Clare County, Michigan

Greenwood Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,108 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.50 sqmi, of which 35.20 sqmi is land and 0.20 sqmi (0.56%) is water.

Major highways

 * runs east–west through the center of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,059 people, 438 households, and 328 families residing in the township. The population density was 30.1 PD/sqmi. There were 861 housing units at an average density of 24.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.39% White, 0.57% Native American, 0.19% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.

There were 438 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.1% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the township the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,228, and the median income for a family was $35,703. Males had a median income of $31,161 versus $19,706 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,283. About 9.6% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served entirely by Harrison Community Schools to the east in the city of Harrison.


text:
Hamilton Township, Clare County, Michigan

Hamilton Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,785 at the 2020 census.

History
The township was organized from the eastern portion of Hayes Township in 1885. The creation of the township was spearheaded by Hayes Township chairman W. W. Weatherwax, who hoped to have the new township named after him. However, the vote on the new township gave it the name Hamilton.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.36 sqmi, of which 35.87 sqmi is land and 0.49 sqmi (1.35%) is water.

Major highways

 * forms the entire southern border of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,988 people, 812 households, and 586 families residing in the township. The population density was 55.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,650 housing units at an average density of 45.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.23% White, 0.15% African American, 0.91% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.45% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.

There were 812 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $26,221, and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had a median income of $31,397 versus $18,068 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,433. About 17.9% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.2% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served by two separate public school districts. The majority of the township is served by Harrison Community Schools to the west in Harrison. The eastern portion of the township is served by Gladwin Community Schools to the east in Gladwin County.


text:
De Marne

De Marne is a former municipality in the northeast of the Netherlands. On 1 January 2019 it merged with the municipalities of Bedum, Eemsmond and Winsum to form the new municipality Het Hogeland.

Population centres
Broek, Eenrum, Hornhuizen, Houwerzijl, Kleine Huisjes, Kloosterburen, Kruisweg, Lauwersoog, Leens, Mensingeweer, Molenrij, Niekerk, Pieterburen, Schouwerzijl, Ulrum, Vierhuizen, Warfhuizen, Wehe-den Hoorn, Westernieland, Zoutkamp, Zuurdijk.

Topography

Dutch Topographic map of De Marne, June 2015

A brief description
The municipality of De Marne lies in the north-western part of the province of Groningen, adjoining the Wadden Sea. It has about 10,000 inhabitants, covers an area of 240 square kilometres and encompasses 21 villages.

De Marne is mainly an agricultural area, focussing on crop growing and cattle farming. The fishing industry also plays an important role. Bulb cultivation is also an up-and-coming commercial endeavour.

Maren
De Marne has a large network of footpaths, cyclepaths, and sailing/canoeing routes. Of particular interest are the so-called 'maren': narrow waterways twisting and turning their way throughout the countryside. They are particularly suitable for recreational sailing and canoeing. The many marked walks, cycle routes and sail and drive routes connect all of the various villages.

Special attractions
Besides the well-known attractions such as the seal crèche in Pieterburen, the centre for mud flat walking and the Lauwersmeer area, there are also some other attractions. For instance, there is the Borg Verhildersum in Leens, Abraham's Mustard Museum in Eenrum and many churches, towers, listed heritage farms, terps and protected village settings. There are also famous church organs built by Arp Schnitger, Lohman (family) and Hinsz.

Pilgrimage
The hermitage of Our Lady of the Enclosed Garden in Warfhuizen is a popular Marian shrine. Processions go from Wehe-den Hoorn to Warfhuizen four or five times a year. A unique devotional practice is the 'swapping of the handkerchief'. According to Spanish tradition the statue of the crying Virgin usually holds a white handkerchief. The faithful bring a new white handkerchief and give it to the hermit to swap it with the one the Virgin has been holding which, in turn, is then given to someone sick or lonely. Students take it to their exams to calm their nerves.

The Lauwersmeer area
The Lauwersmeer area is a nature area suitable for fishing, bird watching, walking, and cycling. It features a few waters ports. The area covers about 90 square kilometres. The Lauwersmeer area came into existence when the Lauwerszee was closed off in 1969. Over the years the salt has slowly retreated from the water and new countryside has emerged.

Local products
There are a number of typical products of the area. An example of this is the 'Spelt Project'. This project ensures the production of pure local products. Farmers, millers, bakers, upholsterers and distillers work together to produce old-fashioned spelt grain, flour, bread, gin and cushions filled with spelt husks.

Municipal reorganisation
The municipality came into being in 1990 when the smaller municipalities of Eenrum, Kloosterburen, Leens and Ulrum were joined together. The local government employs about 115 people.

Notable people

 * Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman (1882 in Leens – 1945) an experimental Dutch artist, typographer and printer
 * Cornelis Simon Meijer (1904 in Pieterburen – 1974) a Dutch mathematician and academic
 * Sicco Mansholt (1908 in Ulrum – 1995) a Dutch politician and diplomat
 * Martin Zijlstra (1944 in Eenrum – 2014) a Dutch politician
 * Freek de Jonge (born 1944 in Westernieland) a Dutch cabaret performer and writer

title: De Marne


text:
Harrison, Michigan

 * not to be confused with Harrisville, Michigan

Harrison is a city in and county seat of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,150 at the 2020 census.

The community was settled as early as 1877 and was named after William Henry Harrison. Harrison is near the junction of US 127 and M-61. US 127 bypasses the city to the east, while Bus. US 127 runs through the center of the city. Wilson State Park and Budd Lake are located within the city.

History
Harrison was first designated as the new centralized location of the county seat of Clare County in 1877. It would become a replacement for Farwell, which was the first county seat when Clare County was formally organized in 1871. The Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad platted the village in 1879 and set aside property for a new county government after the previous courthouse in Farwell burned down. The Harrison post office opened on January 27, 1880 and was named after former president William Henry Harrison. The new community incorporated as a village in 1885 and later as a city in 1891.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.03 sqmi, of which 3.71 sqmi is land and 0.31 sqmi is water.

The city's motto is "20 Lakes in 20 Minutes" due its proximity to numerous lakes. Budd Lake is mostly located within the city limits, while the northern coastline extends into Hayes Township. The only other lake within the city limits is Little Long Lake, which also extends into Hayes Township.

Major highways

 * runs south–north just outside the eastern border of the city.
 * is a business route of US 127 that runs through the center of the city.
 * is a state highway that enters the west-central part of the city and then runs concurrently with Bus. US 127.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,114 people, 913 households, and 524 families residing in the city. The population density was 568.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,306 housing units at an average density of 351.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.7% White, 1.7% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 913 households, of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.6% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 42.1 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 27.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.1% male and 50.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,108 people, 857 households, and 526 families residing in the city. The population density was 563.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,187 housing units at an average density of 317.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.78% White, 2.04% African American, 0.62% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.43% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.47% of the population.

There were 857 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,392, and the median income for a family was $35,179. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $20,909 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,443. About 14.1% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.8% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The city of Harrison is served entirely by Harrison Community Schools, which is centrally located within the city and serves a large part of the northern portion of the county.

Mid Michigan Community College has a Harrison campus located just to the southeast in Hatton Township.

title: Harrison, Michigan


text:
Hatton Township, Michigan

Hatton Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 893 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Hatton is an unincorporated community in the southwest portion of the township at 43.92278°N, -84.81861°W. The community began as a station along Pere Marquette Railway in 1881.  A post office in Hatton began operating on May 18, 1882 until the community was destroyed by a fire in 1910.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.14 sqmi, of which 35.89 sqmi is land and 0.25 sqmi (0.69%) is water.

Major highways

 * runs south–north through the center of the township.
 * runs briefly along the northeast border of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 923 people, 333 households, and 245 families residing in the township. The population density was 25.7 PD/sqmi. There were 466 housing units at an average density of 13.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.29% White, 0.65% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 333 households, out of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the township the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $30,461, and the median income for a family was $33,229. Males had a median income of $36,000 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,848. About 10.2% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served by two separate public school district. The majority of the township is served by Harrison Community Schools to the north in Harrison. The eastern portion of the township is served by Clare Public Schools to the south in the city of Clare.

title: Hatton Township, Michigan


text:
Hayes Township, Clare County, Michigan

Hayes Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,642 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Airport Forest is an unincorporated community just east of Clare County Airport in the northwest part of the township at 44.05639°N, -84.80167°W
 * Allendale is an unincorporated community southeast of Harrison at 44.00528°N, -84.78472°W
 * Ash Acres is an unincorporated community just north of Harrison at 44.03778°N, -84.81194°W
 * Piney Woods is an unincorporated community near the northern border of the township at 44.07333°N, -84.80833°W

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 32.17 sqmi, of which 31.28 sqmi is land and 0.89 sqmi (2.77%) is water.

The township includes numerous lakes, including portions of Budd Lake and Little Long Lake, as well as Arnold Lake, Caner Lakes, Cranberry Lake, Deer Lake, McWatty Lake, Sutherland Lake, and Townline Lake.

Major highways

 * runs south–north through the center of the township.
 * is a business route of US 127 that runs through the township and the city of Harrison.
 * runs east–west though the southern portion of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,916 people, 2,014 households, and 1,391 families residing in the township. The population density was 156.3 PD/sqmi. There were 3,898 housing units at an average density of 123.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.36% White, 0.12% African American, 0.79% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.40% of the population.

There were 2,014 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $26,495, and the median income for a family was $31,343. Males had a median income of $29,755 versus $20,698 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,394. About 16.7% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served entirely by Harrison Community Schools in the city of Harrison.

title: Hayes Township, Clare County, Michigan


text:
Lincoln Township, Clare County, Michigan

Lincoln Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,805 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Lake George is an unincorporated area in the northwest part of the township at 43.96335°N, -84.94697°W.
 * Phelps is an unincorporated community in the southern portion of the township at 43.91502°N, -84.92364°W.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township occupies a total area of 35.93 sqmi, of which 35.08 sqmi is land and 0.85 sqmi (2.37%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,758 people, 766 households, and 537 families residing in the township. The population density was 49.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,949 housing units at an average density of 55.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.50% White, 0.28% African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population.

There were 766 households, out of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the township the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,279, and the median income for a family was $38,304. Males had a median income of $31,066 versus $22,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,146. About 9.2% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served entirely by Farwell Area Schools to the south in the village of Farwell.


text:
Redding Township, Michigan

Redding Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 459 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Clarence is a former settlement located along the Toledo and Ann Arbor Railroad. It was settled around 1888 around a mill operated by the Clarence Lumber Company.  A now-defunct post office opened on January 12, 1893.
 * Temple is an unincorporated community located along M-61 in the center of the township at 44.03083°N, -85.02833°W. It settled as a station along the Toledo, Ann Arbor, and Northern Michigan Railroad in 1889.  It was settled on land given by Mary Campbell, and the community was originally called Campbell City.  A post office opened on April 21, 1890, and was named Temple after local resident Martin Temple.  The post office operated until August 12, 1966.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.43 sqmi, of which 34.90 sqmi is land and 0.53 sqmi (1.50%) is water.

The Muskegon River flows southwest through the center of the township.

Major highways

 * runs east–west though the center of the township.
 * runs just outside the southwest corner of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 526 people, 219 households, and 153 families residing in the township. The population density was 14.9 per square mile (5.8/km$2$). There were 497 housing units at an average density of 14.1 per square mile (5.4/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.15% White, 0.57% African American, 0.38% Asian, 0.38% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population.

There were 219 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $24,438, and the median income for a family was $28,864. Males had a median income of $25,469 versus $26,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,687. About 16.5% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The entire township is served by Marion Public Schools to the northwest in the village of Marion in Osceola Township.

title: Redding Township, Michigan


text:
Sheridan Township, Clare County, Michigan

Sheridan Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,548 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Colonville is an unincorporated community located within the township at 43.84417°N, -84.70583°W. The community began with a rural post office established on December 4, 1894 with storekeeper Curtis Palmer serving as the first postmaster.  The post office operated until January 15, 1904.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.50 sqmi, of which 36.15 sqmi is land and 0.35 sqmi (0.96%) is water.

The South Branch of the Tobacco River flows through the southern portion of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,588 people, 482 households, and 382 families residing in the township. The population density was 43.7 PD/sqmi. There were 569 housing units at an average density of 15.7 per square mile (6.0/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.61% White, 0.57% African American, 0.76% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 482 households, out of which 45.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.28 and the average family size was 3.72.

In the township the population was spread out, with 37.0% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,069, and the median income for a family was $34,107. Males had a median income of $28,300 versus $22,841 for females. The per capita income for the township was $12,163. About 17.9% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.7% of those under age 18 and 24.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The entire township is served by Clare Public Schools to the west in the city of Clare.


text:
Summerfield Township, Clare County, Michigan

Summerfield Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 459 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Buck Trails is an unincorporated community located in the southeast portion of the township at 44.10141°N, -84.85781°W.
 * Leota is an unincorporated community in the northern portion of the township along the Muskegon River at 44.13944°N, -84.88944°W. Located about 12.0 mi north of Harrison, a now-defunct post office was established here on June 15, 1899.
 * Rainbow Bend is an unincorporated community within the township along the Muskegon River at 44.12863°N, -84.9217°W.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.90 sqmi, of which 35.20 sqmi is land and 0.70 sqmi (1.95%) is water.

The Muskegon River flows through the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 453 people, 217 households, and 134 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.7 per square mile (4.9/km$2$). There were 639 housing units at an average density of 17.9 per square mile (6.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.68% White, 0.44% Native American, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 217 households, out of which 16.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.53.

In the township the population was spread out, with 15.5% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 33.6% from 45 to 64, and 23.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $21,250, and the median income for a family was $25,000. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,912. About 18.3% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 15.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served entirely by Harrison Community Schools to the southeast in the city of Harrison.


text:
Surrey Township, Michigan

Surrey Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,635 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * Farwell is an incorporated village located in the southeast portion of the township at 43.83556°N, -84.86778°W.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.81 sqmi, of which 35.10 sqmi is land and 0.71 sqmi (1.98%) is water.

The South Branch of the Tobacco River flows through the southern portion of the township. The township also contains numerous lakes, including Lake Thirteen.

Major highways

 * runs west–east through the center of the township.
 * runs northwest-southeast diagonally through the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,555 people, 1,444 households, and 984 families residing in the township. The population density was 100.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,989 housing units at an average density of 56.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.72% White, 0.28% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population.

There were 1,444 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $28,350, and the median income for a family was $32,475. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $21,779 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,027. About 7.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The entire township is served by Farwell Area Schools within the township in the village of Farwell.

title: Surrey Township, Michigan


text:
Winterfield Township, Michigan

Winterfield Township is a civil township of Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 460 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.61 sqmi, of which 36.05 sqmi is land and 0.56 sqmi (1.53%) is water.

The Muskegon River runs through the southeast portion of the township, while the Clam River enters from the north as a tributary to the Muskegon River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 483 people, 184 households, and 142 families residing in the township. The population density was 13.2 per square mile (5.1/km$2$). There were 386 housing units at an average density of 10.6 per square mile (4.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 95.86% White, 1.04% Native American, 1.66% from other races, and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of the population.

There were 184 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $26,953, and the median income for a family was $30,455. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,322. About 18.8% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.0% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The township is served by three separate public school districts. The majority of the township is served by Marion Public Schools to the west in the village of Marion in Osceola County. The southeast corner of the township is served by Harrison Community Schools to the southeast in the city of Harrison, while a very small northern portion of the township is served by McBain Rural Agricultural Schools to the north in the city of McBain in Missaukee County.

title: Winterfield Township, Michigan


text:
Bath Charter Township, Michigan

Bath Charter Township is a charter township of Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 13,292, an increase from 11,598 at the 2010 census. It is situated directly north of the city of East Lansing.

Communities

 * Bath is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located within the western portion of the township.

History
Bath Township was originally organized in 1839 as Ossowa Township, having been split from DeWitt Township by an act of the governor. It was renamed Bath Township in 1843 after Bath, New York.

Park Lake at the southern edge of the township was the source of the Park Lake Trail, an important Native American trailway that intersected the Okemah Trail in what later became the city of East Lansing, Michigan. Park Lake developed into a regional recreation destination for the growing Lansing population after the state capitol relocated to Lansing in 1847 and the Michigan Agricultural College was established in East Lansing, Michigan in 1855. By the early 1900s Park Lake was surrounded by summer camps affiliated with various churches and associations as well as seasonal cabins and lodges. The most ambitious of these was the Park Lake Resort which featured a large dance pavilion built over the water on pilings. The Park Lake Dance Pavilion served as an entertainment venue playing host to many famous acts such as Tommy Dorsey until it burned in the 1930s. Years of decline followed and Park Lake never regained its former popularity.

Bath Township was the scene of the Bath School bombing, which is the deadliest act of mass murder in a school in United States history. It claimed more than three times as many victims as the Columbine High School massacre and twice as many victims as the Virginia Tech and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootings.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.03 sqmi, of which 31.83 sqmi is land and 3.20 sqmi (9.14%) is water.

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 11,598 people in 4,697 households, including 2,596 families, in the township. The population density was 364.3 PD/sqmi. There were 5,106 housing units at an average density of 160.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 87.5% White, 5.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4%.

2000 census
Of the 2,799 households 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 19.5% of households were one person and 4.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.10.

The age distribution was 28.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median household income was $53,881 and the median family income was $58,825. Males had a median income of $43,548 versus $31,056 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,675. About 3.8% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
School districts serving township residents:
 * Bath Community Schools
 * East Lansing Public Schools
 * Haslett Public Schools
 * Laingsburg Community Schools

title: Bath Charter Township, Michigan