text:
Hayden, Alabama

Hayden is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,342.

Geography
Hayden is located in southwestern Blount County at 33°53'36.236" North, 86°45'25.139" West (33.893399, -86.756983). Hayden Mountain is a broad, low ridge that rises to the northwest above the town. Alabama State Route 160 passes through the center of the town, leading 5 mi southwest to Interstate 65 north of Warrior, and northeast 13 mi to Cleveland.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town of Hayden has a total area of 10.3 km2, all land. Hayden has a spread out area consisting of many enclaves and exclaves within the town and the rest of Blount County.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,342 people, 433 households, and 316 families residing in the town.

2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 444 people, 188 households, and 134 families residing in the town. The population density was 396.4 PD/sqmi, with 211 housing units at an average density of 188.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 389 (87.61%) white, 39 (8.78%) black, 3 (0.68%) Native American, 1 (0.23%) Asian, and 12 (2.7%) from two or more races. None of the town's population was Hispanic or Latino.

There were 188 households, of which 53 (28.19%) had children under the age of 18 living with them, 93 (49.47%) were married couples living together, 27 (14.36%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (5.85%) were unmarried opposite-sex couples, and 54 (28.72%) were non-families. 49 (26.06%) of all households were made up of individuals, and 20 (10.64%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36, and the average family size was 2.81.

The population was spread out, with 93 (20.9%) under the age of 18, 39 (8.78%) aged 18 to 24, 108 (24.32%) aged 25 to 44, 143 (32.21%) aged 45 to 64, and 61 (13.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 470 people, 191 households and 136 families residing in the town. The population density was 499.1 PD/sqmi. There were 207 housing units at an average density of 219.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 91.91% White, 6.60% Black or African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.43% Asian, and 0.43% from two or more races. 0.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 191 households, of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98.

Age distribution was 26.8% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.

The median household income was $31,484, and the median family income was $36,667. Males had a median income of $30,667 versus $17,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,435. About 10.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 20.3% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Gerald Swindle, professional bass angler who was named 2004 and 2016 Bassmaster Angler of the Year

title: Hayden, Alabama


text:
Highland Lake, Alabama

Highland Lake is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 412.

Geography
Highland Lake is located in eastern Blount County at 33°53'3.376" North, 86°25'19.744" West (33.884271, -86.422151). The town consists of homes built around Highland Lake, a reservoir on the Blackburn Fork of the Little Warrior River. The lake, at an elevation of 895 ft above sea level, is in a valley between Blount Mountain to the southeast and Straight Mountain to the northwest. The town is 7 mi southwest of Oneonta, the county seat, along County Road 29.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town of Highland Lake has a total area of 5.2 km2, of which 4.2 km2 is land and 0.9 km2, or 17.97%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 408 people, 164 households, and 129 families residing in the town. The population density was 250.5 PD/sqmi. There were 226 housing units at an average density of 138.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.30% White, 0.25% Black or African American, 1.23% Native American, 0.74% Asian, and 0.49% from two or more races. 0.74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 164 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.0% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,229, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $34,750 versus $28,333 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,829. None of the families and 3.5% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 5.4% of those over 64.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Highland Lake, Alabama


text:
Locust Fork, Alabama

Locust Fork is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,186 people, up from 1,016 in 2000.

History
While traveling south with his troops in 1815, General Andrew Jackson camped along a river in the area. General Jackson carved his name in a locust tree, naming the area Locust Fork. In the early 1800s Nick Hudson built a public inn in what is now Locust Fork. He erected barns to shelter the horses and hogs of the Tennessee farmers who drove them to the deeper South for a more profitable market.

Locust Fork was incorporated January 18, 1977.

Geography
Locust Fork is located southwest of the center of Blount County, at 33°53'47.494" North, 86°37'50.048" West (33.896526, -86.630569). It is situated on a bluff overlooking the Blackburn Fork of the Little Warrior River. Just north of town, the Blackburn Fork enters the Little Warrior River, which flows into the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River 2 mi northwest of the town.

Locust Fork is located in one of the northeast-to-southwest valleys that make up the southern end of the Appalachian mountain chain. Sand Mountain forms the southeast side of the valley, and McAnnally Mountain and Hog Mountain form part of a broader, more broken ridge to the northwest. The area has been mined for coal over the past 100 years, but no current active coal mining operations exist in the immediate area, which consists of rolling hill farm country.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 10.0 km2, of which 0.04 sqkm, or 0.37%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,192 people, 467 households, and 381 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,186 people, 435 households, and 342 families residing in the town. The population density was 119.1 /km2. There were 469 housing units at an average density of 46.9 /km2. The racial makeup of the town was 97.0% White, 0.8% Native American, 1.0% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. 2.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 435 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100.8 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $55,313, and the median income for a family was $59,167. Males had a median income of $41,776 versus $40,114 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,356. About 9.2% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation and growth
Locust Fork straddles Alabama State Route 79, which is a north–south highway running from Birmingham 31 mi to the south and Scottsboro 65 mi to the northeast. Blount County Road 13 runs northwestward to connect to Alabama Highway 160 between the communities of Hayden and Nectar. Blount County Road 15 intersects Alabama 79 just north of Locust Fork and provides a connection to the county seat of Oneonta, 14 mi to the east. Also located along County Road 15 is the Limestone Springs Golf Course and residential development, 4 mi southeast of town. The nearest interstate highways are Interstate 65 located some 15 mi west of Locust Fork and Interstate 59 located some 25 mi east of Locust Fork. Air travel is handled primarily from the Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport located some 30 mi southwest of Locust Fork. Locust Fork is located along one of the two major Alabama state highways that run northeast from Birmingham to the Sand Mountain area of Guntersville, Albertville, and Boaz. It is an alternate route from Birmingham to Huntsville and Chattanooga.

The Locust Fork area has and continues to see strong residential growth mainly due to outflow from Jefferson County as residents there seek a more rural environment as well as a lower tax structure. As a result of this growth, enrollment in schools has risen substantially. Also, traffic along the main Highway 79 artery has risen, and the road has become increasingly dangerous between the termination of a four-lane divided highway just north of Pinson and Locust Fork. There has been some discussion of upgrading the road to four-lane status, but such work is still considered several years away. Locust Fork will also be impacted by the eventual construction of the Northern Beltline, which is slated to cross Highway 79 just north of Pinson. This controlled-access highway (officially designated as Interstate 422) will provide much quicker access for Locust Fork residents traveling east to Trussville or westward to Gardendale, Graysville, and Tuscaloosa. However, this route is still 10–15 years away from completion.

Government
Locust Fork is an incorporated town and has a mayor and town council elected by the citizens. The mayor and council are elected for four-year terms. The current mayor is Joseph Hughes, and the current council members are Weslie Powell (Mayor Pro-Tem), Robert Chamblee, Barbara Richey, Joseph Lay and Joey White. The Community Center has been named after Sarah Holt, former Mayor and Council Person, serving the community for over 30 years.

Schools
Locust Fork High School and Elementary School are located in the center of the town along the west side of Alabama Highway 79. The school nickname is Hornets with school colors of green and white. Locust Fork High School is currently classified as a 2A school under the AHSAA 7 tier classification system. There is a ratio of one teacher for every 20 students. The schools draw their students from a large portion of southern and southwestern Blount County. The schools are part of the Blount County School System. The high school football stadium is named Gary Pate Field in honor of a former Locust Fork football coach. The Lady Hornets Basketball Team won the 2016-2017 AHSAA 3A State Championship, the first State Championship of any kind for Locust Fork High School.

Parks and municipal facilities
Locust Fork has a city park located on the west side of Alabama Highway 79 just south of the high school. The park includes a walking trail, playground for small children, picnic facilities, pavilion, barbecue pit, one baseball field, one T-ball field and one softball field. The Locust Fork Community Center is located just south of the park on Highway 79. Contact the Locust Fork Town Hall for more information regarding the Community Center. The Town Hall is open from 8-12 and 1–4, Monday through Thursday. The nearest golf courses are the highly acclaimed semi-private Limestone Springs (located just off Blount County Route 15 east of the town).

Churches
There are several churches representing several denominations located in or near Locust Fork. The town has the largest Baptist church in the county.

Infrastructure
The community is served by a volunteer fire department that provides fire suppression and Advanced Life Support Pre-hospital EMS Services and is patrolled by the Blount County Sheriff's Office. There is a dental office, pharmacy, medical clinic and general retail in Locust Fork.

Media
Locust Fork is located in the Birmingham television and radio market. Newspapers include The Birmingham News and The Blount Countian.

Notable person

 * Gerald Swindle, professional bass angler who was named 2004 and 2016 Bassmaster Angler of the Year

title: Locust Fork, Alabama


text:
Nectar, Alabama

Nectar is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 379.

Geography
Nectar is located in central Blount County at 33°58'8.846" North, 86°38'10.522" West (33.969124, -86.636256), in the valley of the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River. Alabama State Route 160 passes through the center of the town, leading northeast 4 mi to Cleveland and southwest 14 mi to Interstate 65 near Warrior.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.7 km2, of which 0.04 sqkm, or 0.76%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 372 people, 141 households, and 110 families residing in the town. The population density was 204.8 PD/sqmi. There were 158 housing units at an average density of 87.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was: 362 people (97.31%) reported as White, 7 people (1.88%) reported as other races, and 3 people (0.81%) reported as two or more races. 10 people (2.69% of the population) were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 141 households, out of which 56 (39.7%) had children under the age of 18 living with them, 97 (68.8%) were married couples living together, 10 (7.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, and 30 (21.3%) were non-families. 27 households (19.1%) were made up of individuals, and 13 households (9.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 25.3% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $44,167, and the median income for a family was $49,250. Males had a median income of $31,563 versus $24,583 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,408. About 14.0% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Nectar, Alabama


text:
Oneonta, Alabama

Oneonta is a city in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,938. The city is the county seat of Blount County. Oneonta is home to the Covered Bridge Festival.

History
A post office called Oneonta has been in operation since 1889. The city was named after Oneonta, New York, the native home of a railroad official. In 1889, the county seat was transferred to Oneonta from Blountsville.

During World War II, a small POW camp was operated outside of Oneonta.

Geography
Oneonta is located in eastern Blount County at 33°56'32.291" North, 86°28'43.586" West (33.942303, -86.478774). It is situated in Murphree Valley between Red Mountain and Sand Mountain to the northwest and Straight Mountain to the southeast.

U.S. Route 231 passes through the center of the city, leading northwest 7 mi to Cleveland, Alabama, and southeast 14 mi to Interstate 59 in Ashville.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 39.5 sqkm, of which 39.3 sqkm is land and 0.2 sqkm, or 0.54%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,938 people, 2,565 households, and 1,551 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,567 people, 2,502 households, and 1,630 families residing in the city. The population density was 433 PD/sqmi. There were 2,751 housing units at an average density of 179.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.1% White, 6.0% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 7.6% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. 15.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,502 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,192, and the median income for a family was $50,236. Males had a median income of $41,425 versus $22,160 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,951. About 13.0% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.2% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.

City government
The city government is made up of Mayor Richard Phillips and a five-person city council —Judy Underwood, Sherry Pierce, Donald Bradley, Lee Alexander, and Robbie McAlpine.
 * City Manager:
 * City Clerk: Amanda Stanfield
 * Mayor: Richard Phillips
 * Police Chief Charles Clifton
 * Fire Chief Kenny Booth

Attractions
Oneonta, Alabama is home to the historical Covered Bridge Festival. This annual event showcases the history of the remaining covered bridges in Blount County, and includes an arts and crafts festival with entertainment and events. Also located in Oneonta is the Blount County Memorial Museum which hosts a variety of resources for genealogy research. Palisades Park features hiking trails and public campgrounds. The Oneonta Business Association sponsors the annual summertime festival known as the June Fling with over 100 booths, cruise-in, entertainment, Kidz Fun Zone, and the Singing Showdown solo vocal competition. This non-profit organization heads other projects including "Paint the Town," "Light the Town," and the Festival of Lights.

Education
Public education is provided by Oneonta City Schools. There are three schools in the city: Oneonta Elementary School (grades K through 5), Oneonta Middle School (grades 6 through 8), and Oneonta High School (grades 9 through 12). A branch of Wallace State Community College is also located in the town.

Radio stations

 * WCRL 1570 AM – Oldies (simulcasts on translator W237DH 95.3FM)

Notable people

 * Joe Gibbs, co-founder of the Golf Channel
 * Osmond Ingram, sailor in the United States Navy during World War I who posthumously received the Medal of Honor
 * Steve Patton, head coach of the Gardner–Webb University football team from 1997–2010
 * Rusty Paul, 2nd Mayor of Sandy Springs, Georgia.
 * Kevin Sherrer, college football player at Alabama and successful high school, college, and NFL football coach

title: Oneonta, Alabama


text:
Rosa, Alabama

Rosa is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 376.

Geography
Rosa is located in central Blount County at 33°59'23.316" North, 86°30'42.977" West (33.989810, -86.511938). Its town limits extend southeast to border the city of Oneonta, the county seat. U.S. Route 231 passes through the center of Rosa, leading southeast 4 mi to the center of Oneonta and 18 mi to Interstate 59 near Ashville. US-231 leads west 3 mi to Cleveland and then north 60 mi to Huntsville.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Rosa has a total area of 9.8 km2, of which 0.01 sqkm, or 0.15%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 313 people, 125 households, and 93 families residing in the town. The population density was 82.9 PD/sqmi. There were 136 housing units at an average density of 36.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.68% White and 0.32% Native American. 0.64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 125 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,000, and the median income for a family was $56,563. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,042. About 6.2% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Rosa, Alabama


text:
Smoke Rise, Alabama

Smoke Rise is a census-designated place (CDP) in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,661.

History
Smoke Rise lies east of Interstate 65 in western Blount County, with most homes sitting atop Bryant Mountain or in the valley below. The community began in the late 1960s as a large planned residential subdivision. Smoke Rise originally was slated to include its own community school, but those plans never came to fruition; today, children there attend public schools in nearby Hayden.

Residents founded the Smoke Rise Homeowners Association in the mid-1990s, but the community remains unincorporated despite occasional discussion of an incorporation vote. Few businesses are in Smoke Rise's immediate vicinity, but many observers expect the impending construction of a new sewer system in western Blount County to fuel commercial growth.

Geography
Smoke Rise is located at 33°52'26.666" North, 86°49'33.643" West (33.874074, -86.826012).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.4 sqmi, of which 6.4 sqmi is land and 0.16% is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,661 people, 662 households, and 575 families residing in the CDP.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,825 people, 692 households, and 566 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 290 PD/sqmi. There were 715 housing units at an average density of 111.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.0% White, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Asian, and 0.8% from two or more races. 0.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 692 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.2% were non-families. 15.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 21.1% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 32.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $71,446, and the median income for a family was $80,333. Males had a median income of $42,969 versus $41,818 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,909. About 0% of families and 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Smoke Rise, Alabama


text:
Snead, Alabama

Snead is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,032.

History
First settled in 1839, what is now Snead began to expand in the 1850s when local businessman G.W. White built a gristmill on the nearby Black Warrior River. The town is named for John Snead, who became its first postmaster in 1882 (Snead State Community College in nearby Boaz is also named for John Snead). The Town of Snead incorporated in 1966.

Geography
Snead is centered on the crossroads of U.S. Route 278 and Alabama State Route 75. US-278 leads east 26 mi to Gadsden and west 27 mi to Cullman. Highway 75 leads northeast 15 mi to Albertville and 14 mi southwest to Oneonta, the Blount County seat.

The town is bordered to the northeast by the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 13.7 km2, of which 13.6 km2 is land and 0.05 km2, or 0.36%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,032 people, 382 households, and 251 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 835 people, 374 households, and 233 families residing in the town. The population density was 154.6 PD/sqmi. There were 415 housing units at an average density of 76.85 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.8% White, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% African American (U.S. Census), 0.5% Native American (U.S. Census), 0.8% from some other race, and 1.7% from two or more races. 1.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 374 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.9.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 22.6% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,029, and the median income for a family was $41,563. Males had a median income of $23,558 versus $13,799 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,891. About 9.8% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.8% of those under age 18 and 20.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Snead, Alabama


text:
Susan Moore, Alabama

Susan Moore is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 787. It is one of two towns in Alabama to have the first and last name of an individual; the other is Phil Campbell.

History
Initially known as "Clarence," what is now Susan Moore was settled by Robert M. Moore and his family in the mid-1860s. In 1923, two of Moore's grandsons donated land for a new school, which was named after their mother, Susan Moore, and the community gradually adopted this name. The town incorporated in 1982.

Geography
Susan Moore is located in northeastern Blount County at 34°4'54.617" North, 86°25'10.247" West (34.081838, -86.419513), in the Sand Mountain region of Alabama. State Highway 75 passes through the center of the town, leading southwest 10 mi to Oneonta, the county seat, and northeast 18 mi to Albertville. The Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River flows through the northwest corner of the town.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 13.6 km2, of which 0.04 km2, or 0.31%, is water.

Education
Susan Moore High School is a public high school in Susan Moore. It serves grades 7 to 12. It has about 360 students and its student body is about 2/3 white and 1/3 Hispanic. It is part of the Blount County School District. The school and the town were named for the mom of the land donors who provided an initial site for the school. Bulldogs are the school mascot and purple and white the school colors.

The school was listed among accredited Alabama schools in 1929.

Baseball player Eddie Priest is an alum.

A teacher at the school was convicted for sexting a 15 year-old student at the school in 2014.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 787 people, 317 households, and 232 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 721 people, 268 households, and 210 families residing in the town. The population density was 137.6 PD/sqmi. There were 304 housing units at an average density of 58.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 93.48% White, 0.14% Black or African American, 0.83% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 5.41% from other races. 5.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 268 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 26.2% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,417, and the median income for a family was $44,167. Males had a median income of $32,431 versus $19,688 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,540. About 10.3% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 28.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Susan Moore, Alabama


text:
Warrior, Alabama

Warrior is a city in Jefferson and Blount counties in the State of Alabama. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,224. It is a northern suburb of Birmingham.

History
Warrior was incorporated in either 1889 or 1899, though most records cite the 1889 date. The city derives its name from the nearby Black Warrior River.

Geography
Warrior is the northernmost city in Jefferson County, with outlying parts of the city in Blount County. It is traversed by I-65 and U.S. Highway 31.

Warrior is located at 33°48'48.985" North, 86°48'41.238" West (33.813607, -86.811455).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.3 km2, all land.

Warrior is in the Central time zone. The elevation at the center of town is 564 ft, though it ranges from over 620 ft north of the center to less than 300 ft along the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River, which forms the southern boundary of the city.

City government
Warrior uses the mayor/council form of government. The city council consists of the mayor and five members. The city is divided into five geographic districts with each one electing a council member to represent it.

After having served as Warrior's longest-serving mayor and the only woman to hold the position, Rena Hudson, who became Warrior's first female mayor in 1984, retired to in 2012. She died on March 15, 2017, after serving as the mayor of Warrior from 1984 to 2000 and again from 2004 to 2012.

The current mayor of Warrior is Johnny Ragland.

The first mayor of Warrior was William Anderson White.

Annual events
Warrior Day, a yearly town festival, is held each year in early autumn. Entertainment and food vendors set up in town in addition to a large swap meet.

Attractions
Rickwood Caverns State Park is located 7 mi north of Warrior near Interstate 65 and the community of Smoke Rise. Featuring limestone formations, blind cave fish, and an underground pool, Rickwood Caverns is a recognized member of the National Caves Association, and offers more than a mile of living geology.

Sports
Warrior is home of the 1992/1993 Class 2A (AHSAA) Boys' Basketball Champions from the former Warrior High School. In 1996, the Olympic Torch was relayed through the city during the weeks leading up to the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,224 people, 1,647 households, and 957 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,176 people, 1,336 households, and 886 families living in the city. The population density was 402.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,453 housing units at an average density of 148.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 83.1% White, 14.2% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 1,336 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 15.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city, the age distribution of the population showed 21.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,851, and the median income for a family was $44,583. Males had a median income of $43,504 versus $30,081 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,263. About 11.4% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under the age of 18 and 16.2% ages 65 and older.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,169 people, 1,302 households, and 898 families living in the city. The population density was 402.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,439 housing units at an average density of 182.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 83.21% White, 15.40% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.03% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population.

There were 1,302 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the age distribution of the population showed 22.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,143, and the median income for a family was $35,697. Males had a median income of $32,306 versus $20,486 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,919. About 12.1% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.9% of those under the age of 18 and 13.3% ages 65 and older.

Media
Warrior is served by Birmingham TV stations. Birmingham is part of the Birmingham/Anniston/Tuscaloosa television market, which is the nation's 39th largest. The major television affiliates are: WBRC 6 (FOX) WBIQ 10 (PBS) WVTM 13 (NBC) WTTO 21 (CW) WBMA-LD 33/40 (ABC) WIAT 42 (CBS) WPXH 44 (ION) WABM 68 (MyNetworkTV).

Local publications include The North Jefferson News (weekly) and The Birmingham News (three times a week).

Education
Warrior Elementary School is located in Warrior, and the city is served by Mortimer Jordan High School and North Jefferson Middle School in nearby Kimberly.

Notable people

 * John Arnold Austin, recipient of the Navy Cross
 * Spencer Brown, American football running back
 * Harry Salmon, baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues
 * Charles Stewart Parnell, "the uncrowned King of Ireland" lived in Warrior for a time in 1871

title: Warrior, Alabama


text:
Midway, Alabama

Midway is a town located in eastern Bullock County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 421.

Old Merritt School
Margaret Elizabeth Merritt of Midway sold two acres for $5 to the State of Alabama in 1921 as a site for an elementary school for African-American children. Built in 1922 with matching Rosenwald funds, the Midway Colored Public School featured oak and pine construction and two classrooms divided by a partition. The building is one of the few surviving of the more than 5,000 rural black schools built with contributions for the Julius Rosenwald Fund. The building was enlarged twice then renovated in 1978. It is now used as a community center. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on November 2, 1990, and the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 1998.

The school is located in Bullock County. Bullock has the highest illiteracy rate of any county in Alabama.

Geography
Midway is located in eastern Bullock County at 32°4'27.854" North, 85°31'12.857" West (32.074404, −85.520238).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.6 sqmi, all land.

Midway is located on the U.S. Route 82, the Jefferson Davis Highway, 13 mi east of Union Springs, the county seat. It is 27 mi east to Eufaula via US-82. Alabama State Route 51 leads south 16 mi to Clayton.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 457 people, 189 households, and 124 families residing in the town. The population density was 290.3 PD/sqmi. There were 230 housing units at an average density of 146.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 88.84% Black or African American and 11.16% White. 0.22% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 189 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.5% were married couples living together, 37.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 29.8% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 63.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $12,143, and the median income for a family was $19,063. Males had a median income of $25,938 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,036. About 38.1% of families and 42.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 52.4% of those under age 18 and 45.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Johnny Ford, mayor of Tuskegee, Alabama
 * Jerrel Jernigan, wide receiver for the New York Giants
 * The Reverend Jesse Lee Peterson, media personality, minister and author
 * Harold Pierce, founded the Harold's Chicken Shack restaurant chain in Chicago
 * Bobby Turner, Denver Broncos running back coach

In popular culture

 * Rufus Amos Adams is said to be from Midway in the Paul and Storm song of the same name.

title: Midway, Alabama


text:
Union Springs, Alabama

Union Springs is a city in and county seat of Bullock County, Alabama, United States. The population was 3,980 at the 2010 census.

History
The area that became Union Springs was first settled by white men after the Creek Indian removal of the 1830s. Twenty-seven springs watered the land, giving rise to the name of Union Springs. The city was incorporated on January 13, 1844. Voters selected Union Springs as the county seat when Bullock County was formed in 1866.

Geography
Union Springs is located in southeastern Alabama near the center of Bullock County at 32°8'24.407" North, 85°42'46.094" West (32.140113, -85.712804). The source of the Conecuh River is within the city limits.

The city is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 82 and U.S. Route 29. Route 82 leads east 40 mi to Eufaula and northwest 46 mi to Montgomery, the state capital. Route 29 leads north 23 mi to Tuskegee and southwest 40 mi to Troy.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Union Springs has a total area of 17.3 sqkm, of which 17.2 sqkm is land and 0.2 sqkm, or 0.93%, is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Union Springs has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,358 people, 1,353 households, and 856 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,980 people, 1,461 households, and 915 families residing in the city.The population density was 601 PD/sqmi. There were 1,664 housing units at an average density of 248.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 71.8% Black or African American, 12.9% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 1.1% Pacific Islander, 12.8% from other races, and .8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.0% of the population.

There were 1,461 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.4% were married couples living together, 32.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 29.5% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,476, and the median income for a family was $26,167. Males had a median income of $37,689 versus $21,372 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,485. About 39.0% of families and 44.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 73.9% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Union Springs is served by the Bullock County School District. There are two high schools in the city: Bullock County High School and Bullock County Career Technical Center. There is one middle school, South Highlands Middle School, and one elementary school, Union Springs Elementary.

Conecuh Springs Christian School is a private school for grades K through 12.

Newspaper

 * Union Springs Herald

Radio

 * WQSI 93.9 FM (Modern Rock)

Infrastructure
The United States Postal Service operates the Union Springs Post Office. The Alabama Department of Corrections operates the Bullock Correctional Facility in an Unincorporated community in Bullock County, east of Union Springs.

Economy
A cotton growing region, the arrival of the railroad spurred new economic growth after the Civil War. By the early 1900s, many of the old cotton plantations had become hunting preserves, attracting tourists. The city remains the economic hub of the surrounding agricultural counties.

A major employer in the city is Bonnie Plants, Inc., a plant wholesaler founded in 1918 with revenue exceeding over $250 million by 2020.

Recreation and culture
Union Springs hosts annual field trials for hunting dogs. These trials take place between October and March and attract participants from around the country.

Notable people

 * Henry Babers, Christian evangelist, Bible teacher, and scholar
 * Winton M. Blount, United States Postmaster General (1969–1972)
 * John Warren Branscomb, bishop of the United Methodist Church
 * Edith Burroughs, first African American to win a professional bowling tournament in the United States
 * Helen Claire, Broadway actress
 * John Henrik Clarke, Pan-Africanist
 * Fate Echols, NFL player
 * Lucy Feagin, first woman to operate a drama school in New York City
 * Seal Harris, former heavyweight boxer
 * Jimmy Hitchcock, first All-American football player at Auburn University
 * Eddie Kendricks, co-founder of The Temptations
 * Thom S. Rainer, President and CEO, LifeWay Christian Resources
 * Tim Stowers, college football coach
 * Mary Hardway Walker, one of the last surviving enslaved people

title: Union Springs, Alabama


text:
Georgiana, Alabama

Georgiana is a town in Butler County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 1,738.

Geography
Georgiana is located in southern Butler County at 31°38'24.313" North, 86°44'21.991" West (31.640087, -86.739442). Interstate 65 passes to the northwest of the town, with access from exit 114 (State Route 106). U.S. Route 31 (Mobile Road) passes through the east side of the town, leading north 16 mi to Greenville, the county seat. Via I-65, it is 58 mi north to Montgomery, the state capital, and 110 mi southwest to Mobile.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 6.3 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,324 people, 524 households, and 319 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 738 people, 249 households, and 220 families residing in the town. The population density was 279 PD/sqmi. There were 777 housing units at an average density of 123.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 65.4% Black or African American, 33.1% White, 0.3% Native American, and 0.8% from two or more races. 0.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 249 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 25.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.2 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 88.8 men.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,694, and the median income for a family was $40,139. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $28,519 for females. The per capita income for the town was $31,181. About 39.4% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.1% of those under age 18 and 32.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Amasa Coleman Lee, Alabama lawyer and legislator
 * Tom Morrow, former NFL safety for the Oakland Raiders
 * Hank Williams, country music legend
 * William Herbert York, bass player in Hank Williams' Drifting Cowboys band

title: Georgiana, Alabama


text:
Greenville, Alabama

Greenville is a city and the county seat of Butler County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,374. Greenville is known as the Camellia City, wherein originated the movement to change the official Alabama state flower from the goldenrod to the camellia with legislative sponsors LaMont Glass and H.B. Taylor.

History
Greenville was first settled in 1819. Its original name was Buttsville, but after becoming the county seat in 1822, its name was changed to Greenville, in remembrance of the former locale in South Carolina of many of the original settlers. The first county seat was at Fort Dale, a fortification that was named for Sam Dale, who fought to defend the area during the Creek War. The site of Fort Dale lies on the north of the city near the Fort Dale Cemetery, along what is now Alabama Highway 185.

The namesake of the county, Captain William Butler, was killed during the Creek War. He is buried in the Pioneer Cemetery, which is across from the oldest church in Butler County, the First United Methodist Church of Greenville.

During World War II, a satellite camp for German prisoners was based in Greenville.

Geography
Interstate 65 and U.S. Route 31 pass through the city. Montgomery, the state capital, is 44 mi northeast, the closest city to Greenville with a population above 50,000.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Greenville has a total area of 55.8 sqkm, of which 55.3 sqkm is land and 0.5 sqkm, or 0.82%, is water.

Climate
The city of Greenville has a humid subtropical climate, with an average high temperature of 77.3 F and an average low temperature of 53.8 F. The city averages 4.80 in of precipitation per month.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 7,374 people, 2,356 households, and 1,496 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,135 people, 3,332 households, and 2,126 families residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 55.5% Black or African American, 41.7% White, 0.0% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. 1.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In the city, 27.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.6% were 18 to 24, 25.0% were 25 to 44, 24.4% were 45 to 64, and 14.8% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.3. For every 100 females, there were 82.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.7 males.

There were 3,332 households. Of those, 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.0% were married couples living together, 25.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,664, and the median income for a family was $31,107. Males had a median income of $33,716 versus $24,928 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,649. About 20.3% of families and 24.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 20.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Prior to the Civil War, cotton farming was the main occupation in Butler County. Due to this, slave trade was very prominent in the surrounding areas such as the Alabama riverboat in Montgomery which paraded new slaves through the streets of downtown Montgomery. During the 1850s, the Mobile and Ohio Railroad constructed a line through Greenville, enabling it to became the center of commerce between Montgomery and south Alabama. During the late nineteenth century, the construction of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad through Greenville contributed further to Greenville's prosperity. In 1900, Gulf Red Cedar Company and Factory in Greenville was a bucket manufacturer in Greenville.

As of 2009, Greenville had a diverse industrial manufacturing base of companies in the textile, wood products, automobile, and other industries. Major employers included Hwashin American Corporation, Hysco America Corporation, CorStone Industry, and Connector Manufacturing.

Arts and culture
The Ritz Theatre in Greenville hosts community events, plays, and an annual musical revue called "Puttin' on the Ritz".

Each September, the city hosts the Butler County Fair, which includes the "Old Time Farm Day" featuring tractor races, blacksmithing and quilting demonstrations.

Parks and recreation
Cambrian Ridge is a golf course in Greenville. Sherling Lake Park and Campground has 41 campsites and surrounds two lakes east of the golf course.

Government
The local government of Greenville is run by the Mayor and City Council. The city council consists of five members each elected from single member districts. The city is located in Alabama's 2nd Congressional District and is currently represented by U.S. Representative Barry Moore.

Primary and secondary education
Public education is provided by the Butler County Board of Education.
 * High School: Greenville High School
 * Middle School: Greenville Middle School
 * Elementary School: W.O. Parmer Elementary and Greenville Elementary School

Private schools in Greenville include Fort Dale Academy and Camellia City Christian School.

Post-secondary education

 * Lurleen B. Wallace Community College, member of the Alabama Community College System awards two-year associate degrees and professional certificates.

Radio stations

 * WGYV 1380 AM (Talk)
 * WKXN 95.7 FM (Urban Contemporary)
 * WQZX 94.3 FM

Newspaper
Weekly newspapers include The Greenville Standard, and Greenville Advocate.

Media filmed in Greenville
Residents were featured in the premiere episode of My Kind of Town (2005).

The movie Honeydripper (2007), was filmed in locations around Greenville in 2006.

Notable people

 * Janice Rogers Brown, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
 * Beth Chapman, Secretary of State of Alabama from 2007 to 2013
 * Leon Crenshaw, former defensive tackle for the Green Bay Packers
 * Marlon Davidson, defensive tackle for the San Francisco 49ers
 * Walter Flowers, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979
 * Phil Hancock, professional golfer
 * Lillian Hatcher, union organizer
 * Johnny Lewis, former outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals and New York Mets
 * Tommy Lewis, former American football fullback and coach
 * George McMillan, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
 * Mark Matthews, World War II veteran and Buffalo Soldier
 * Rufus Payne, blues musician
 * Lewis B. Porterfield, Rear admiral in the United States Navy
 * Bill Powell, first African American to design, construct and own a professional golf course in the United States
 * Marty Raybon, country music singer of the group Shenandoah
 * Za’Darius Smith, linebacker for the Cleveland Browns
 * Thomas H. Watts, eighteenth governor of Alabama
 * Hank Williams, country music singer; lived in Greenville briefly during childhood
 * Ed Bell, country blues singer and guitarist

title: Greenville, Alabama


text:
McKenzie, Alabama

McKenzie is a town in Butler and Conecuh counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 530 at the 2010 census.

Geography
McKenzie is located in southern Butler County at 31.54278°N, -86.71972°W (31.542801, -86.719772). A portion of the town extends south into Conecuh County. U.S. Route 31 passes to the west of the town center, leading north 23 mi to Greenville, the Butler County seat, and southwest 19 mi to Evergreen, the Conecuh County seat. State Route 55 leads southeast from McKenzie 23 mi to Andalusia.

According to the United States Census Bureau, McKenzie has a total area of 9.7 km2, of which 0.04 km2, or 0.45%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 644 people, 284 households, and 170 families residing in the town. The population density was 171.4 PD/sqmi. There were 324 housing units at an average density of 86.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 76.09% White, 22.52% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.16% Asian, and 0.78% from two or more races. 0.31% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 284 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% were non-families. 37.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $18,173, and the median income for a family was $24,423. Males had a median income of $23,077 versus $16,071 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,359. About 21.1% of families and 27.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.3% of those under age 18 and 33.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
McKenzie High School is a K-12 school located in McKenzie.

title: McKenzie, Alabama


text:
Bracknell Forest

Bracknell Forest is a unitary authority area in Berkshire, southern England. It covers the two towns of Bracknell and Sandhurst and the village of Crowthorne and also includes the areas of North Ascot, Binfield, Warfield, and Winkfield. The borough borders Wokingham and the Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead in Berkshire, and also parts of Surrey and Hampshire.

History
The district was formed as Easthampstead Rural District under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Easthampstead rural sanitary district. Originally a small rural district, its population was about 20,000 during the Second World War. Bracknell, in the district, was one of the first post-war new towns to be designated, and became a civil parish in 1955, created from parts of Binfield, Easthampstead, Warfield and Winkfield parishes. Bracknell had originally been a hamlet at the far south-west of Warfield parish.

The district's population rose rapidly, and reached 64,135 by the 1971 census. In 1974 the district was reconstituted as the non-metropolitan district of Bracknell under the Local Government Act 1972. It changed its name in May 1988 to Bracknell Forest, at the same time as it was granted borough status.

On 1 April 1998, Berkshire County Council was abolished, as a consequence of the Banham Review, and Bracknell Forest Borough Council became a unitary authority. From 2008, references to 'borough' were phased out in favour of simply Bracknell Forest Council.

Since 1973, Bracknell Forest has been twinned with Opladen in Germany, continued by Leverkusen after Opladen's incorporation in 1975.

There are 265 Listed Buildings in the borough of which 254 are Grade II, 10 are Grade II* and 1 is Grade I.

There are five sites in the borough included on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens: Ascot Place, Broadmoor Hospital, Newbold College, South Hill Park and Windsor Great Park.

Bracknell Forest Borough Council's offices at Time Square in Market Street were featured in an episode of Road Wars on 4 February 2010 when a pursuit ended in the carpark.

Geography
Two rivers run through Bracknell Forest: the River Blackwater forms the borough's southern boundary, and the Cut meanders through the northern parishes. These receive water from small streams within the borough namely the Bull Brook in the north which feeds into the Cut and the Wish stream which flows into the River Blackwater. The built and developed proportion of the Borough amounts to about 35% of the total land area. Extensive forests cover more than 20% of the total area, consisting principally of parts of Windsor Forest; predominantly conifer plantation owned and managed by the Crown Estate and Forestry Commission. Agricultural land covers 24% of the land, located mainly in the north of the borough.

More than 20% of the borough is recognised as being of a high wildlife value and protected by some form of designation. Nine sites in Bracknell Forest are designated as Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), comprising 1911.5 hectares or 17.48% of the Borough's total area. The largest, Broadmoor to Bagshot Woods & Heaths SSSI was designated in 2001 to include the majority of Swinley Forest.

The Thames Basin Heaths Special Protection Area (SPA), 1356 hectares of which lie within Bracknell Forest (Sandhurst to Owlsmoor Bogs and Heaths SSSI and the Broadmoor to Bagshot Woods and Heaths SSSI), supports nationally important populations of Dartford warblers, nightjars and woodlarks, all of which are Annex I species of the Birds Directive, and a small breeding population of hobbies, an important migratory species in a European context.

Demographics
Bracknell Forest is generally affluent (ranked 291 out of 326 on the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010, Rank of Average Score) with significantly lower than average unemployment levels. Property prices and levels of car ownership are significantly higher than the national average. However deprivation does exist in the borough -central Bracknell is within the 30% most deprived areas in England, with several other parts of the town also within the more deprived half of England. In contrast, almost all of Crowthorne, Sandhurst, and the borough's rural fringes fall into the 10% least deprived areas in England. Household incomes are also significantly lower than other areas of similar deprivation, being close to the national average.

According to the Office for National Statistics figures the borough's population is 113,696. 77% of the borough's population, aged between 16 and 74 years are economically active with the service sector employing the largest proportion, 46.4% of this group. Only 11% of the population is of pensionable age, compared to a national average of 18%, with 7% being over 75 years old.

There are many distinctive local geographical communities within Bracknell Forest, from Sandhurst and Crowthorne in the south, the semi-rural communities of Binfield, Winkfield and Warfield in the north and the former new town of Bracknell in the centre, which contains most of the Borough's commercial and industrial areas.

With respect to ethnicity, according to the Office for National Statistics, the vast majority of the Borough's residents (89.6%) consider themselves to be 'White'. The second largest group is defined as 'Asian' at 4.34%, third as 'Black' at 2.35%, fourth as Mixed at 1.82%. With regard to religious affiliation, the population is predominantly Christian (77.8%), followed by those who have no religion (19.4%), Hindus (1.1%), Muslims (0.7%), Buddhists (0.3%), other religions (0.3%), Jews (0.2%) and Sikhs (0.2%).

The population is quite healthy comparing well regionally and nationally with life expectancy at 80.15 years.

Industry
Bracknell Forest is a base for high-tech industries and home to companies such as Panasonic, Fujitsu (formerly ICL) and Fujitsu Siemens Computers, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Sharp Corporation, Tracks Laser & Electronics and LSI Corporation. The software development and computer services side of the industry also thrives in Bracknell Forest and includes companies like Cable and Wireless, Honeywell, Avnet, Novell, and RSA Security. Pharmaceutical and engineering companies also draw together in Bracknell Forest, these include Boehringer Ingelheim, Syngenta, Minebea, Daler-Rowney and Hyundai Heavy Industries.

Bracknell is also home to the central Waitrose distribution centre and head office which is on a 70-acre (280,000 m2) site on the Southern Industrial Estate. Waitrose has operated from the town since the 1970s. The town is also home to the headquarters of Avis Europe.

Swinley Forest
There is no forest called 'Bracknell Forest'. This name is often confused with Swinley Forest (or Woods), which is an area of the Windsor Estate between Bracknell and Bagshot. Owned and managed by the Crown Estates, it comprises 2600 acre of woodland (mainly Scots pine). It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and has protected areas for the birds that live there.

It also provides some of the best mountain biking in South-East England, with many off-road 'single-track' trails available as well as plenty of fire roads. In recent years, Swinley forest has also been used as a filming location for a number of films including Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Parts 1 & 2.

Civil parishes

 * Binfield
 * Bracknell
 * Crowthorne
 * Sandhurst
 * Warfield
 * Winkfield

title: Bracknell Forest


text:
Talk:Oil painting

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 5 April 2021 and 21 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Evebautista.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Myths still being perpetuated
Whilst the van Eycks have been commonly believed to invent oil painting, we know for a fact that they didn't and that the process is well documented, at least as early as the beginning of the 12thc century.

As for canvas painting, painting on cloth predates the Van Eyks too, again instructions exist from Cennini.

Re not using egg on shields, this is not true, egg, size and oil were all used on shields and other itemss, it depends on what the use was. Also the use of the word 'tempera' is historically misleading as it is was a generic term for binders, regardless of type, it has now become synonymous with egg. That needs to be made clear for those who might be inclined to research further.

It might be nice if such synopses on oil painting might have a little more fact rather than pandering to modern myths about it.

Quite a lot of misinformation
I only read a little, but I found a lot of incorrect info. I can't take the time to fix it right now. I only got as far as the section on preparing a surface (should be "support") for a painting. Traditional gesso is only for use on rigid supports (panels), not canvas. So-called acrylic gesso is okay for canvas, but it's hard to sand between coats as suggested. It gums up the sandpaper. Golden makes a sandable acrylic "gesso", but it is for use only on panels, and then only over coats of regular acrylic gesso.

Jive Dadson 06:33, 25 February 2006 (UTC) Jive

Oldest comment
Might want to mention some famous oil paintings from antiquity to present times; schools such as impressionism or cubism; etc.--Ed Poor

Slang
Removed (we're not a dictionary of slang):
 * The term is also used as a mild insult, generally towards a woman who has questioned the looks of another woman: "You're no oil painting yourself", implying that the target is not particularly attractive.

I second: needs links to famous oil paintings and critical discussion
I do not have anything approaching knowledge on this subject, so I can't do this. But adding some links to great oil painters and relevant debates and discussions of art on the topic of oil painting would be easy for someone with some knowledge about this. What about a more detailed history of oil painting? --Upmarket 22:08, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thirded - Examples of quality, famous, classical artworks
The current example is neither of good art - not even for a three year old - nor of what oil paintings are.

That these anecdotes mascarade as arts is a serious deformity of the post-modern world. It's particularly sad since oil painting has to it's phalanx some of the most known artists and incredible talents through centuries and centuries of European art.

Really, couldn't, shouldn't, better examples be provided? *sigh*

Wording
This phrase confused me on first reading:

 * Surfaces like shields — both those used in tournaments and those hung as decorations — were more durable

Somehow I thought that "shields" meant a protective coating like lacquer over the painting, like glass in a picture frame. You meant a military shield used in combat - like Aragorn in Lord of the Rings, knights in shining armor trying to slice or skewer each other with swords.

Maybe re-casting this sentence from the passive voice? Like:

 * Knights decorated their shields with oil painting - instead of tempera - because . ..

--Uncle Ed 12:14, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Changes In Progress?
I know about the history and various techniques of oil painting, I'll try to post something here shortly that everyone can figure out how to add into the main article. I know it won't be in the Wikipedia-standard format, but I can provide sources for the technical development and much more specific how-to's, etc. If anyone else is already working on this, let me know and I'll review the info or references in progress.

New history/technique references: 1.[]http://www.cyberlipid.org/perox/oxid0011.htm

Fine Arts 16:42, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Oil on canvas
There is a redirect from oil on canvas but there is no section on this page describing oil on canvas. Is this a joke ? Bragador 23:42, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Comments
My comments on my edit didn't show up. I removed the part about "canvas not having these any of these problems" (associated with panels). In fact, paintings on panel generally survive much better than those on canvas. True, some panels have split. But it is very common for oil paintings on canvas to crack, due to the flexibilty of the canvas. The canvas itself can also go bad, from rotting, bacterial infection, insects, or whatever. Conservators often have to go through the tedious and risky procedure of removing a painting from its original canvas, and putting it on a new support. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jive Dadson (talk • contribs) 09:08, 24 December 2006 (UTC).

Turpentine and Mineral Spirits
I just added a bit about using mineral spirits instead of turpentine.

The fat over lean bit is true, but doesn't this only apply to fatty paintings? For instance, Rembrandt (I thought) painted lean with mineral spirits exclusively, did he not? I thought it's only when a heavy lean layer is applied to a fatty layer that one begins to get sweating, bubbling, etc. Like in the case my friend had recently when he tried to paint acrylic over oil. Oops!

I'm going to try to work in a bit about modern vehicles such as neo megilp and the toxic (yet once popular) lead megilp later on.

Wouldn't it be nice to have a list of oil company manufacturers: Sennelier, Gamblin, etc.? If someone has time.... ;)

Naomichanart 21:59, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I am afraid there maybe hundreds of them (I know of Talens, Winsor&Newton, Scheveningen, Lukas, Daler-Rowney, Schminke, Spectrum; which are all stocked by my local supplier). I am not a favourite of lists for lists sake, so what would be the added value, here? (E.g. For List of Towers the listin allows you to compare well known towers on height). Arnoutf 13:07, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

lol.... because I came here looking for a list. :D

Naomichanart 16:54, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

LESS THERETICAL KNOWLEDGE MORE ON PRACTAC
MORE PRACTACAL INFOMATION ON APLICETION OF OIL PAINT IN ART HISTRY —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.125.110.223 (talk) 18:02, 7 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Feel free to add some of the information you seem to be suggesting; but note we are not talking Art history but about the process of painting. Arnoutf (talk) 18:54, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Oil painting in Afghanistan
Apparently oil painting has existed for 1,400 years from evidence. See http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/26/2147150.htm?section=world for reference. Enlil Ninlil (talk) 04:32, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Nice source. I added a byline in the history section. Don't think it influences this article much I think as this is more about the technique then the material (see Oil paint) Arnoutf (talk) 12:16, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It would be nice to see a better source. The bits in the ABC piece on the European history are so wildly wrong they rather cast a shadow over the new stuff. Johnbod (talk) 13:46, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * True; Indeed think the whole article needs more references.Arnoutf (talk) 14:15, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Well, there's an another article from Telegraph, but I think it's pretty much saying the same thing. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/earth/2008/04/22/sciart122.xml Beidabaozi (talk) 21:52, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

hey guys, just checked this out in the current news, and thought it may fit in something here... check it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamyan#Oil_painting_discovery —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.166.71.104 (talk) 09:01, 2 May 2008 (UTC)
 * This is merely another wikipedia article referring to the same information as in the comments above. JamesBWatson (talk) 11:38, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

christtann oil painting artist
Superscript text

Can oil paintings be rolled?
Sometimes I read about paintings being rolled up, either by thieves who cut it out of the frame or otherwise. What are the risks to the painting? Won't the paint get cracked or fall off? If I want to ship a large painting, can I remove the canvas from its frame and ship it as a roll, saving lots of space? --CodeGeneratR (talk) 18:46, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Can there be an explanation of what is meant by Buddhist paintings - and a citation?
In order for an artifact to be classified as "Buddhist," there must be a Buddhist theme. It's entirely possible such paintings exist and were done in oils, but for both claims to be substantiated here, we need an academic citation. This should not be a matter of much controversy. It should be easy to find one. Since I cannot find one, I am doubting that assertion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.235.18.240 (talk) 00:59, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

Link to Dutch 'Olieverf' is missing on the English page
Dear mods, I'm not sure I'm posting this right here, but I just noticed that there is no link to the Dutch equivalent 'Olieverf' on the English Oil Painting site in the left list with other languages. Might be good to look into. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.13.88.215 (talk) 08:07, 28 March 2013 (UTC)

Lifespan of oil on Canvas.
Sooner or later everything disintegrates. What would be the longest possible time for an oil painting? 1,000 years before it crumbles? Also,if its moderated by new science- is that really the original artist work? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:642:4101:4167:40AE:1F73:64E6:AD1 (talk) 18:58, 30 August 2017 (UTC)

 * While interesting Wikipedia is not the place for such discussion. By the way - it appears that canvas decays much faster than oil paint as many 15-16th century paintings have been re-canvased. Arnoutf (talk) 14:40, 31 August 2017 (UTC)

 * It depends very much on the environment, including gases and other components of the atmosphere, and on the preparation of the canvas. Usually a primer and / or gesso is used, for various reasons.  A primary one is protecting the canvas from chemical reactions with the oil medium.  Some such reactions break down the  that would break down the canvas support.  A well primed, gessoed canvas is shielded from such damaging reactions.  (There are other reasons for primer / gesso layers such as providing a 'good' surface with suitable texture, absorbancy, etc., for the type of painting intended by the artist.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.167.143.106 (talk) 18:55, 14 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oil painting


text:
Daniel McFadden

Daniel Little McFadden (born July 29, 1937) is an American econometrician who shared the 2000 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with James Heckman. McFadden's share of the prize was "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice". He is the Presidential Professor of Health Economics at the University of Southern California and Professor of the Graduate School at University of California, Berkeley.

Early life and education
McFadden was born on July 29, 1937, in Raleigh, North Carolina. He attended the University of Minnesota, where he received a B.S. in Physics, and a Ph.D. in Behavioral Science (Economics) five years later (1962). While at the University of Minnesota, his graduate advisor was Leonid Hurwicz, who was awarded the Economics Nobel Prize in 2007.

Career
In 1964, McFadden joined the faculty of University of California, Berkeley, focusing his research on choice behavior and the problem of linking economic theory and measurement. In 1974, he introduced conditional logit analysis. In 1975, McFadden won the John Bates Clark Medal. In 1977, he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1981, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

He returned to Berkeley in 1991, founding the Econometrics Laboratory, which is devoted to statistical computation for economics applications. He remains its director. He is a trustee of the Economists for Peace and Security. He won the Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics in 2020 and was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2006.

In January 2011, McFadden was appointed the Presidential Professor of Health Economics at the University of Southern California (USC), which entails a joint appointment in the Department of Economics and the Price School of Public Policy.

title: Daniel McFadden


text:
Robert Lucas Jr.

Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. (September 15, 1937 – May 15, 2023) was an American economist at the University of Chicago. Widely regarded as the central figure in the development of the new classical approach to macroeconomics, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1995 "for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy". He was characterized by N. Gregory Mankiw as "the most influential macroeconomist of the last quarter of the 20th century". In 2020, he ranked as the 10th most cited economist in the world.

Early life and education
Lucas was born on September 15, 1937, in Yakima, Washington, as the eldest child of Robert Emerson Lucas and Jane Templeton Lucas. His parents ran an ice creamery in Yakima. After the business failed during the Great Depression, the family moved to Seattle. His mother worked as a fashion designer and his father worked at shipbuilding yard and later worked as a welder with a refrigeration company.

Lucas received his BA in History in 1959 from the University of Chicago. Lucas attended the University of California, Berkeley, as a first-year graduate student, but he left Berkeley due to financial reasons and returned to Chicago in 1960, where he earned a PhD in Economics in 1964. His dissertation, Substitution Between Labor and Capital in U.S. Manufacturing: 1929–1958, was written under the supervision of H. Gregg Lewis and Dale Jorgenson. Lucas studied economics for his PhD on "quasi-Marxist" grounds. He believed that economics was the true driver of history, and so he planned to immerse himself fully in economics and then return to the history department.

Career
Following his graduation, Lucas taught at the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (now Tepper School of Business) at Carnegie Mellon University until 1975, when he returned to the University of Chicago.

Lucas was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1980, a Guggenheim Fellowship and the National Academy of Sciences in 1981, and the American Philosophical Society in 1997. A collection of his papers is housed at the Rubenstein Library at Duke University.

Lucas was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1995. The citation noted that the prize was "for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy".

Rational expectations
Lucas is well known for his investigations into the implications of rational expectations in macroeconomic theory. Lucas (1972) incorporated the idea of rational expectations into a dynamic macroeconomic models. The agents in Lucas's model are rational: based on the available information, they form expectations about future prices and quantities, and based on these expectations they act to maximize their expected lifetime utility. He also provided sound theoretical foundations to Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps's view of the long-run neutrality of money, and provided an explanation for the then observed correlation between output and inflation, depicted by the Phillips curve, while illustrating that the existence of this empirical relationship did not yield a possibility of a policy trade off.

Lucas critique
In 1976, Lucas challenged the foundations of macroeconomic theory (previously dominated by the Keynesian economics approach), arguing that a macroeconomic model should be built as an aggregated version of microeconomic models while noting that aggregation in the theoretical sense may not be possible within a given model. He formulated the "Lucas critique" of economic policymaking, which holds that relationships that appear to hold in the economy, such as an apparent relationship between inflation and unemployment, could change in response to changes in economic policy. The reformulation influenced the development of new classical macroeconomics and the drive towards microeconomic foundations for macroeconomic theory.

Other contributions
Lucas developed a theory of supply that suggests people can be tricked by unsystematic monetary policy; the Uzawa–Lucas model (with Hirofumi Uzawa) of human capital accumulation; and the "Lucas paradox", which considers why more capital does not flow from developed countries to developing countries. Lucas (1988) is a seminal contribution in the economic development and growth literature. Lucas and Paul Romer heralded the birth of endogenous growth theory and the resurgence of research on economic growth in the late 1980s and the 1990s.

Lucas also contributed foundational contributions to behavioral economics, and provided the intellectual foundation for the understanding of deviations from the law of one price based on the irrationality of investors.

In 2003, he stated, about five years before the Great Recession, that the "central problem of depression-prevention has been solved, for all practical purposes, and has in fact been solved for many decades."

Lucas also proposed the Lucas Wedge which tries to show how much higher GDP would be in the presence of proper policy.

Personal life
Lucas married an undergraduate classmate from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Rita Cohen. The couple divorced in the 1980s. The divorce stipulation had a clause that entitled Cohen to half of his Nobel prize winnings if the prize were to be awarded before October 31, 1995, which ended up being the case.

After his divorce from Cohen, Lucas married Nancy Stokey. The couple collaborated on papers on growth theory, public finance, and monetary theory. Lucas had two sons with Cohen: Stephen (born 1960) and Joseph (born 1966).

Lucas died in Chicago on May 15, 2023, at the age of 85.

title: Robert Lucas Jr.


text:
Prestonsburg, Kentucky

Prestonsburg is a small home rule-class city in and the county seat of Floyd County, Kentucky, United States. It is in the eastern part of the state in the valley of the Big Sandy River. The population was 3,255 at the time of the 2010 census, down from 3,612 at the 2000 census.

History
The area was part of the 100000 acre grant in the early 1700s to the family of John Preston's wife, born Elizabeth Patton, which he administered on her behalf. The grant was intended to permit British colonization beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains, but subsequent French and Indian resistance and a reversal of British policy limited its impact. The land was not settled until John Spurlock of Montgomery County, Virginia, arrived in 1791. He laid out the town of "Preston's Station" in 1797. It became the seat of Floyd County upon its formation in 1799 and was formally established in 1818. The post office was known as "Floyd Court House" from its establishment in 1816 until the late 1820s, when it was renamed "Prestonsburg".

On January 10, 1862, nearby Middle Creek National Battlefield was the scene of the largest battle of the Civil War to occur in Eastern Kentucky. The town was also the site of one of the worst school bus disasters in American history on February 28, 1958.

The town had a pack horse library in the late 1930s to bring library materials to rural mountain residents.

Culture

U.S. Route 23, also called "The Country Music Highway" to celebrate the region's rich heritage of music, runs through Prestonsburg. Country music stars including Loretta Lynn, Crystal Gayle, Wynonna Judd, Naomi Judd, Billy Ray Cyrus, Tom T. Hall, Ricky Skaggs, Keith Whitley, Dwight Yoakam, and Patty Loveless are all from the Big Sandy Valley.

Prestonsburg is mentioned in Dwight Yoakam's "Readin', Rightin', Rt. 23" (from his album Hillbilly Deluxe), a song about the yearning of local coal miners to escape their plight by traveling up U.S. Route 23 to find employment in the factories in the North, not knowing that they were only trading one miserable life for another.

Prestonsburg is the location of the Mountain Arts Center, which hosts music concerts and is home to the Kentucky Opry. Middle Creek National Battlefield is the site of the largest and most significant Civil War battle in Eastern Kentucky.

Prestonsburg is home to the Samuel May House Living History Museum. It is the oldest known brick home remaining in the Big Sandy Valley. Built by Samuel May in 1817, the house was utilized by the Confederate forces as a recruiting station during the American Civil War. The 5th Kentucky Infantry CSA and 10th Kentucky Cavalry was organized at this location. The house was being used as a residence until 1981 and was donated to the City of Prestonsburg in 1992. The Samuel May House has since been restored and maintained as a living history museum.

The Jenny Wiley Theatre was located in Prestonsburg and offered theatrical productions all year long at both the outdoor Jenny Wiley Amphitheater, located within the Jenny Wiley State Resort Park, and the nearby Mountain Arts Center. The Theatre's presentations of classic Broadway musicals, comedies, historical dramas and holiday productions kept theatre-goers entertained for over 40 years.

Prestonsburg is also the home of the East Kentucky Science Center. Opened in 2004, the Science Center contains one of the most technologically advanced planetariums in the United States.

Geography
Prestonsburg is located in northern Floyd County in the eastern part of the state, along the banks of the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River. It is 13 mi south of Paintsville and 25 mi northwest of Pikeville. According to the United States Census Bureau, Prestonsburg has a total area of 33.4 km2, of which 32.9 km2 is land and 0.5 km2, or 1.52%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,612 people, 1,563 households, and 956 families residing in the city. The population density was 332.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,683 housing units at an average density of 154.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.51% White, 0.33% African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.44% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population.

There were 1,563 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.72.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,810, and the median income for a family was $27,852. Males had a median income of $30,809 versus $22,439 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,013. About 26.3% of families and 27.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.2% of those under the age of 18 and 10.3% of those 65 and older.

Education
Schools are managed by Floyd County Schools.
 * Prestonsburg Elementary School
 * James D. Adams Middle School
 * Prestonsburg High School
 * Big Sandy Community & Technical College

Prestonsburg has a public library, a branch of the Floyd County Public Library.

Recreation

 * Archer Park
 * Jenny Wiley State Resort Park
 * Sugarcamp Mountain Trails
 * The Passage Trail

Notable people

 * Allison Ball, Kentucky State Treasurer.
 * Bert Combs, 50th Governor of Kentucky.
 * Boyd Holbrook, actor and fashion model.
 * Greg Stumbo, former speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives.
 * Janet Stumbo, former Kentucky Supreme Court Justice.
 * John W. Langley, former US Congressman
 * Andrew J. May, former US Congressman
 * Leslie Kendrick, University of Virginia Law School Dean
 * Harris S. Howard, former Kentucky Court Of Appeals Judge
 * Harry Hale Ranier, former NASCAR Owner/Winner Daytona 500
 * Francis A. Hopkins, former US Congressman
 * William Leonidas Mayo, Founder of Texas A&M University-Commerce in 1889.
 * Green Haywood Hackworth, former International Court of Justice

title: Prestonsburg, Kentucky


text:
Talk:Bracknell Forest

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