text:
Shongopovi, Arizona

Shongopovi (Hopi: Songòopavi) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. It is located on the Second Mesa, within the Hopi Reservation.

The population was 632 at the 2000 census.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.7 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 632 people, 163 households, and 134 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 374.2 PD/sqmi. There were 190 housing units at an average density of 112.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.4% White, 98.1% Native American, and 0.5% from two or more races. 0.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 163 households, out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.0% were married couples living together, 41.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.2% were non-families. 16.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.88 and the average family size was 4.27.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.4% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $13,000, and the median income for a family was $12,159. Males had a median income of $29,306 versus $24,643 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,813. About 51.1% of families and 55.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 70.0% of those under age 18 and 43.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Shongopovi is a part of the Cedar Unified School District. Hopi Jr./High School is where most children of Shongopovi attend. White Cone High School serves Shongopovi.

Notable people

 * Iva Honyestewa, basket maker, jeweler, Hopi foods advocate
 * Fred Kabotie (1900–1986), artist and writer
 * Otis Polelonema (1902–1981), painter, weaver, poet and writer

title: Shongopovi, Arizona


text:
Shonto, Arizona

Shonto is a census-designated place (CDP) in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, in the Navajo Nation. The population was 591 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.6 sqmi, all land. In Shonto, the local Shonto Canyon is where the natural spring is located. It is connected to the canyons that stretch all the way to Navajo Mountain, which can be seen from Shonto.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 568 people, 149 households, and 118 families living in the CDP. The population density was 124.3 PD/sqmi. There were 220 housing units at an average density of 48.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.9% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 96.3% Native American, and 1.6% from two or more races. 1.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 149 households 52.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 18.1% of households were one person and 4.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.81 and the average family size was 4.40.

The age distribution was 43.3% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 3.9% 65 or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.

The median household income was $42,500 and the median family income was $46,094. Males had a median income of $34,063 versus $26,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,411. About 16.5% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 100.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The following tribal schools, affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), are available: Shonto Preparatory School is a K–8 school that serves the community. Shonto Preparatory Technology High School educates grades 9–12.

From the Kayenta Unified School District, in which Shonto is within, there are school district-operated public schools located in Kayenta: Kayenta Primary School, Kayenta Intermediate School, Kayenta Middle School, and Monument Valley High School also serve the community.

Events
Rock the Canyon: Art & Music Festival is an annual event in the community of Shonto since its initial launch in 2009.

Transportation
Express operates bus service between Shonto and Page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shonto, Arizona


text:
Snowflake, Arizona

Snowflake is a town in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. It was founded in 1878 by Erastus Snow and William Jordan Flake, Mormon pioneers. Snowflake is 25 mi south of Interstate 40 (formerly U.S. Route 66) via Highway 77. The Apache Railway provides freight service.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 30.9 sqmi, of which 30.8 sqmi are land and 0.1 sqmi  (0.16%) are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,460 people, 1,312 households, and 1,070 families residing in the town. The population density was 144.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,536 housing units at an average density of 49.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 87.2% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 6.9% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.0% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. 8.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,312 households, out of which 46.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.5% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.4% were non-families. 15.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.37 and the average family size was 3.81.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 37.9% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,439, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $30,517 versus $21,164 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,391. About 10.4% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

Recently, the town and surrounding area have experienced steady growth, primarily to the east, west and south. An additional 9-holes were added to the 18-hole golf course.

The remoteness of Snowflake and the low level of pollution attracts many individuals suffering from multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (MCS) to the town. As of July 2016 there were approximately 20 households who report to be suffering from MCS.

Education
Snowflake is a part of the Snowflake Unified School District, consisting of Highland Primary School, Snowflake Intermediate School, Snowflake Junior High and Snowflake High School. Taylor Elementary School in the neighboring town of Taylor, Arizona, is also part of the Snowflake Unified school District.

Northland Pioneer College's Silver Creek campus extension is located in Snowflake.

Climate
Snowflake experiences a four-season semi-arid climate with a warm (sometimes hot) summer, mild autumn, mild to cold winter and cool, windy spring. Typical high temperatures hover around 90 °F (32 °C) during July and August and 30 (-1 °C) to 49 °F (13 °C) in December/January.

In popular culture

 * Some members of the logging crew involved in the Travis Walton abduction incident live in this town, and several events surrounding that incident happened here. These events were dramatized in the sci-fi film Fire in the Sky (1993).

Notable people

 * Walter Blackman, former Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives
 * Jeff Flake, current United States Ambassador to Turkey, former United States Senator
 * Marilyn Jarrett (1939–2006), Arizona businesswoman and politician, was born in Snowflake.
 * David Marshall, Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives
 * Buzz Miller (1923–1999), dancer, was born in Snowflake.
 * Jesse N. Smith (1834–1906), Mormon pioneer, church leader, politician and colonizer of Snowflake. The Jesse N. Smith House in Snowflake is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * Travis Walton, who was allegedly abducted by space aliens, is an author and was played by D. B. Sweeney in the sci-fi film Fire in the Sky (1993), lives in Snowflake.

title: Snowflake, Arizona


text:
Taylor, Arizona

Taylor is a town in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. It was founded by Mormon settlers in January 1878, several months before the neighboring community of Snowflake. Taylor straddles Silver Creek, flowing from the nearby White Mountains to the Little Colorado River on Arizona's Colorado Plateau. According to the 2010 census, the population of the town is 4,112. The town was named for John Taylor, the third president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

There is no postal home delivery in Taylor. Residents within a certain radius of the Post Office who produce proof of Taylor residency are allocated a small PO box free of charge. Residents of Snowflake have postal delivery. Lack of postal delivery is also a problem when using services that validate postal addresses, as none will validate in Taylor.

Railroads
Taylor was once served by the Apache Railway. The tracks were constructed between 1917–1920 and extended from the Santa Fe Railway at Holbrook, Arizona, to Snowflake and then via Taylor to the forests at McNary. The Snowflake to McNary line was abandoned in 1984.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 24.6 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Taylor experiences a four-season climate with a warm (sometimes hot) summer, mild autumn, mild to cold winter and cool, windy spring. Typical high temperatures hover around 90 °F (32 °C) during July and August and 30 to 55 °F (13 °C) in December/January.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,176 people, 946 households, and 771 families residing in the town. The population density was 129.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,041 housing units at an average density of 42.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 89.0% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 5.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. 9.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 946 households, out of which 48.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.4% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.81.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 40.1% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,577, and the median income for a family was $36,518. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $20,243 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,918. About 13.9% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Taylor is a part of the Snowflake Unified School District.

Two schools, Taylor Elementary School and Taylor Intermediate School, are located in Taylor.

Snowflake Junior High School and Snowflake High School, in Snowflake, serve Taylor.

title: Taylor, Arizona


text:
Whiteriver, Arizona

Whiteriver (Chʼilwózh) is a census-designated place (CDP) located on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. The population was 4,104 at the 2010 census, making it the largest settlement on the Reservation.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 17.8 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 5,220 people, 1,249 households, and 1,054 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 293.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,330 housing units at an average density of 74.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.1% Native American, 3.0% White, <0.1% Black or African American, <0.1% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. 1.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,249 households, out of which 56.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 34.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.6% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.10 and the average family size was 4.45.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 44.4% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 13.3% from 45 to 64, and 3.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $17,415, and the median income for a family was $17,774. Males had a median income of $18,490 versus $20,463 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,719. About 46.9% of families and 51.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 59.2% of those under age 18 and 35.2% of those age 65 or over.

Religion
As of 2005, the Apache Reservation in which Whiteriver is located showed a decrease from 73% traditional or atheist to 43%. The percent of the population who consider themselves Christian was then 53%.

Transportation
Whiteriver Airport is a public use general aviation airport located one nautical mile (2 km) southwest of the central business district of Whiteriver.

The White Mountain Apache Tribe operates the Fort Apache Connection Transit, which provides local bus service.

Education
Whiteriver is served by the Whiteriver Unified School District.

Alchesay High School is the secondary school of Whiteriver.

East Fork Lutheran School is a Christian grade school and high school of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Whiteriver. It has repeatedly disciplined and even expelled students who participate in Apache cultural traditions, considering them as Satanism or paganism.

Climate
Whiteriver has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa/Csb) with summers featuring hot afternoons and mild mornings, and winters featuring comfortable afternoons and freezing mornings. Unlike most climates of its type, the summer drought only covers the first half of the hot season – monsoonal rains arrive in July and peak in August before falling off in September. During the dry early summer wildfires are however always a risk. The typical winter weather of mild days and freezing nights is sometimes interrupted by heavy rainfall or snowfall from Pacific storms, which bring an average of between 1.5 and 2 in of precipitation each month, and a mean of 16.5 in of snow – although the median annual snowfall is only 6.3 in.

title: Whiteriver, Arizona


text:
Winslow, Arizona

Winslow is a city in Navajo County, Arizona,  United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of the city is 9,005. It is approximately 57 mi southeast of Flagstaff, 240 mi west of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and 329 mi southeast of Las Vegas.

History
Winslow was named for either Edward F. Winslow, president of St. Louis–San Francisco Railway, which owned half of the old Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, or Tom Winslow, a prospector who lived in the area.

The chain's final Harvey House, designed by Mary Colter, opened in 1930. It closed in 1957 and was used by the Santa Fe Railway for offices. The railroad abandoned the property in 1994 and announced plans to tear it down. However, it was bought and restored by Allan Affeldt and now is known as the La Posada Hotel.

U.S. Route 66 originally passed through the city. A contract to build Interstate 40 as a bypass north of Winslow was awarded at the end of 1977. I-40 replaced U.S. Route 66 in Arizona in its entirety.

Winslow achieved international fame in 1972 in the Eagles / Jackson Browne song "Take It Easy" that has the line "standin' on a corner in Winslow, Arizona."

Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12.3 sqmi, all land. It is approximately 57 mi southeast of Flagstaff, 320 mi west of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and 329 mi southeast of Las Vegas.

Winslow experiences a dry, temperate arid climate (Köppen BWk), with a wide diurnal temperature variation year-round, averaging 32.7 °F (18.17 °C). Winters are cool and dry, while summers are hot, and bringing the largest portion of the annual precipitation, which is 7.01 in; snowfall averages 8.1 in per season (July 1 through June 30 of the subsequent year).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,520 people, 2,754 households, and 1,991 families residing in the city. The population density was 773 PD/sqmi. There were 3,198 housing units at an average density of 260 /sqmi. The city's racial makeup was 40.8% White, 28.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 23.5% Native American, 13.5% from other races, 5.2% Black or African American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander and 4.2% from two or more races.

There were 2,754 households, of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.40.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.6 males.

The city's median household income was $29,741, and the median family income was $35,825. Males had a median income of $28,365 versus $20,698 for females. The city's per capita income was $12,340. About 17.5% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.9% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Winslow is served by the Winslow Unified School District.

The city has three public elementary schools: Bonnie Brennan Elementary School, Jefferson Elementary School, and Washington Elementary School. Winslow Junior High School and Winslow High School serve the city. Winslow also hosts the Little Colorado Campus of Northland Pioneer College.

The Little Springs Community School, a tribal elementary school affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), has a Winslow postal address but is actually in an unincorporated area 6 mi southeast of Birdsprings.

Transportation
Winslow is served by Winslow-Lindbergh Regional Airport (IATA: INW, ICAO: KINW), originally constructed by Transcontinental Air Transport; however, there is no commercial airline service. The airport was designed by Charles Lindbergh, who stayed in Winslow during its construction. At the time it was the only commercial airport between Albuquerque and Los Angeles.

Winslow's railroad station has twice-daily Amtrak service (one train eastbound and one westbound) with the Southwest Chief. The city is on BNSF's Southern Transcon route that runs between Los Angeles and Chicago, Illinois. It is also a crew change point for the railroad.

Hopi Senom Transit provides bus service from Winslow to the Hopi Reservation.

Interstate 40 runs just north of Winslow; the Business route is the historic U.S. Route 66.

Main sights

The historic La Posada hotel has been restored.

The nearby Meteor Crater, sometimes known as the Barringer Crater and formerly as the Canyon Diablo crater, is a famous impact crater.

Standin' on the Corner Park is a downtown park featuring murals depicting the "Girl my Lord in a flatbed Ford". Winslow also has an annual Standin' On The Corner street festival, traditionally held the last week of September.

The Painted Desert and Petrified Forest are about 60 mi east of Winslow. The Little Painted Desert is 18 mi north of Winslow.

The 9-11 Remembrance Gardens honors those who lost their lives during the September 11 attacks. The memorial was constructed using two beams recovered from the wreckage of the World Trade Center towers in New York City. A large number of citizens donated time and money to the erection of the memorial, which was in place and celebrated on the first anniversary of the event, September 11, 2002.

Historical events
In the era of steam locomotives, Winslow was an important stop on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway for adding water and fuel. Passengers could disembark and have enough time to have a meal during the extended stop. During the 1920s many celebrities chose to come west to Hollywood and when they stopped in Winslow a parade took place. The local newspaper often documented these special events.

Winslow was also home to a roundhouse and maintenance depot for the Santa Fe. When the facility at Barstow, California was given the engineering responsibility for newer diesel locomotives, Winslow began its slow decline. Company brass moved out, as did other employees needed for maintenance and repairs.

In 1949 when the Shah of Iran came to America and toured some sights, he chose to come to the Grand Canyon. His plane landed at the Winslow airport and the entourage took land transport to get to the canyon.

In the 1970s, Winslow was chosen as the site of one of ten Decision Information Distribution System radio stations, designed to alert the public of an enemy attack. The system was never implemented and the station was never built.

In popular culture

Winslow was mentioned in the popular 1972 song "Take It Easy" written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and performed by the Eagles.

The Crew video game featured Winslow as a location, as did its sequel The Crew 2. However, it is incorrectly called Winston, Arizona. It may have been confused with the name of a small town called Winston, New Mexico.

Radio

 * KINO – 1230AM

Notable people

 * Erika Alexander, actress
 * Brad Carson, former U.S. Under Secretary of the Army and congressman
 * Bill Engvall, comedian (not born there; resided there in the early 70s)
 * Deb Haaland, First Native American woman elected to congress. 54th United States Secretary of the Interior
 * Michael Daly Hawkins, U.S. Attorney for Arizona; U.S. Circuit Judge 9th Circuit
 * Nick Hysong, gold medalist in pole vault at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games
 * Richard Kleindienst, United States Attorney General under Richard Nixon
 * Vernon Lattin (born 1938), president of Brooklyn College
 * Paul M. Lally Producer/Director/Writer "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" (not born there; resided late 50s)
 * Tina Mion, artist
 * Tommy Singer, a Navajo silversmith who specialized in chip-inlay jewelry
 * Jay R. Vargas, Medal of Honor recipient during the Vietnam War

title: Winslow, Arizona


text:
Ajo, Arizona

Ajo is an unincorporated community in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is the closest community to Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. The population was 3,039 at the 2020 census. Ajo is located on State Route 85 just 43 mi from the Mexican border.

History
Ajo is the Spanish word for garlic. The Spanish may have named the place using the familiar word in place of the similar-sounding O'odham word for paint (oʼoho). The Tohono O'odham people obtained red paint pigments from the area.

Native Americans, Spaniards, and Americans have all extracted mineral wealth from Ajo's abundant ore deposits. In the early nineteenth century, there was a Spanish mine nicknamed "Old Bat Hole" that was abandoned due to Indian raids. Tom Childs, Sr., found the deserted mine complete with a 60 ft shaft, mesquite ladders, and rawhide buckets in 1847. He did not stay long at that time, because he was on his way to the silver mines near Magdalena de Kino, Sonora.

Thirty-five years later, Childs and his son returned with a friend and started developing the abandoned mine.

"In the year 1884, the camp at Ajo was practically abandoned. Not a soul was in camp when Tom Childs Sr., and his son arrived. With them was Washington Michael Jacobs of Tucson, Arizona ... Childs and Jacobs located the mining claim which constituted most of the old Ajo group of mines. They made a permanent camp and worked the mines."

High-grade native copper made Ajo the first copper mine in Arizona. Soon the Arizona Mining & Trading company, formed by Peter R. Brady, a friend of Childs, worked the rich surface ores, shipping loads around Cape Horn for smelting in Swansea, Wales, in the mid-1880s. The mine closed when a ship sank off the coast of Patagonia. Long supply lines and the lack of water discouraged large mining companies

With the advent of new recovery methods for low-grade ore, Ajo boomed. In 1911, Col. John Campbell Greenway, a Rough Rider and star Yale athlete, bought the New Cornelia mine from John Boddie. He became general manager of the Calumet and the Arizona mining company and expanded it on a grand scale. The Tucson, Cornelia and Gila Bend Railroad was built from Gila Bend to serve the mining industry and was in service from 1916 to 1985. In 1921, Phelps Dodge, the nation's largest copper company, bought New Cornelia and the mine became the New Cornelia Branch of Phelps Dodge, managed by Michael Curley. For several decades more than 1,000 employees worked for Phelps Dodge in the open pit mine. In 1983 union-affiliated mine employees went on strike. The mine continued with non-union labor for a short while before stopping production in 1985.

The town was originally segregated, with neighborhoods called Indian Village and Mexican Town for the non-white residents. Ajo is home to many retired people, Border Patrol agents, and young families.

During the construction of a new border wall in 2019–2020, many workers lived in the RV parks, hotels and rental houses.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the census-designated place has a total area of 28.1 sqmi, all land. The census definition of the area was created by the Census Bureau for statistical purposes and may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. Ajo is located in the Little Ajo Mountains.

Plants of the Sonoran Desert thrive around Ajo, including saguaros and ocotillos. The Ajo lily or desert lily, an onion-like plant, also grows in the area.

The mineral ajoite was first found at the New Cornelia Mine, Ajo. The rare mineral papagoite was also first described in the New Cornelia mine.

Climate
This area has a large amount of sunshine year round due to its stable descending air and high pressure. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ajo has a hot desert climate, abbreviated BWh on climate maps. Rainfall is very low except during occasional monsoonal or frontal incursions, and is especially minimal between April and June. Since 1914 the wettest calendar year has been 1946 with 15.33 in – including a record daily fall of 4.15 in on September 18 – and the driest 1928 with 3.33 in. Temperatures are very hot from April to October and mild to warm from November to March, with extremes ranging from 17 F on January 22, 1937, during that month's record Western cold wave, to 120 F on July 20, 2023.

Demographics

Ajo first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as (Pima County) Ajo Precincts Number 1 (pop. 2,040) and 2 (pop. 296). In 1930, it simply appeared as the Ajo Precinct. It featured a White racial plurality in the latter census. With the combination of all county precincts into 3 districts in 1940, it did not formally appear again until 1950, when it reported as an unincorporated village. In 1980, it was designated a census-designated place (CDP).

At its peak population in 1960 (7,049), it was the second-largest community in Pima County behind Tucson. In both 1950 and 1960, it was the 16th largest community in Arizona.

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,705 people, 1,659 households, and 1,088 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 132.0 pd/sqmi. There were 2,485 housing units at an average density of 88.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 78.7% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 6.9% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.2% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. 37.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,659 households, out of which 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 17.2% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 32.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,618, and the median income for a family was $29,310. Males had a median income of $28,000 versus $18,571 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,548. About 16.5% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Ajo Unified School District is the only regular school district in Ajo, Arizona. The CDP is in Pima County Joint Technical Education District's 3rd Governing Board District. An elementary school, middle school, and high school are located on the same campus.

Public Safety
The CDP is served by the Pima County Sheriff's Department's Ajo District, Ajo Ambulance and the Ajo-Gibson Volunteer Fire Department.

title: Ajo, Arizona


text:
Avra Valley, Arizona

Avra Valley (O'odham: Ko:jĭ Pi Bak) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 6,050 at the 2010 census, up from 5,038 in 2000.

Geography
Avra Valley is located at 32.41861°N, -111.32806°W (32.418704, -111.328028).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 22.1 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Avra Valley has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification: BWh).

Demographics
Avra Valley first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

At the 2000 census there were 5,038 people, 1,714 households, and 1,311 families living in the CDP. The population density was 228.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,895 housing units at an average density of 85.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 84.0% White, 1.8% Black or African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.7% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. 20.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 1,714 households 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.5% were non-families. 17.8% of households were one person and 5.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.30.

The age distribution was 31.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.

The median household income was $35,459 and the median family income was $36,981. Males had a median income of $30,643 versus $20,110 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,175. About 9.0% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

History of Farming and Agriculture
Agriculture in Avra Valley and Marana has been around for decades. The Anway family arrived in 1919 and started to amass farmland and livestock. Later there was a family with the last name of 'Manville' who also settled in and started farming. Both Anway and Manville later became the names of the main roads in Avra Valley.

Two main present day farms in Avra Valley are:

Burruel and Burruel is a local farm in Avra Valley. It is located at 14155 N LUCKETT RD, MARANA, Arizona, USA. The managing partner is Arnoldo Burruel.

Bayer greenhouse is a Bayer facility where the company is testing ways "to help corn better adapt to various climate conditions around the world". The greenhouse is located at 9475 N Sanders Rd, Tucson, AZ 85743.

Other Businesses and Infrastructure
The Marana Regional Airport is located at 11700 W Avra Valley Rd, Marana, AZ 85653. It houses more than 260 based aircraft and is considered a aviation reliever airport for Tucson International

title: Avra Valley, Arizona


text:
Casas Adobes, Arizona

Casas Adobes (Spanish: "Adobe Houses") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in the northern metropolitan area of Tucson, Arizona (in Pima County). The population was 66,795 at the 2010 census. Casas Adobes is situated south and southwest of the town of Oro Valley, and west of the community of Catalina Foothills.

The attempted assassination of Representative Gabby Giffords, and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll, and five other people on January 8, 2011, took place at a Safeway supermarket in Casas Adobes.

History
Though Casas Adobes is an unincorporated community, it is older than both the towns of Oro Valley and Marana.

The area bordering the Cañada del Oro in the north, and the Rillito River in the south was primarily inhabited and utilized by cattle ranchers. Cattle ranches dominated the Casas Adobes area until the 1920s, when Tucson had grown far enough north and the advent of the automobile made the area more easily accessible.

One of the first individuals to build a home in the area was Maurice L. Reid, who came to Tucson in 1923 seeking a "walking cure" for tuberculosis. In the late 1920s Reid bought a 1500 acre former ranch, bounded by North Oracle Road to the east, Orange Grove Road to the south, Ina Road to the north, and North La Cholla Boulevard to the west. Reid planted more than 200 acre of citrus trees and date palms, that would become the heart of Tucson's citrus industry. Over the years, Reid sold parcels of land for home sites, and in 1950 he sold the last of his land. Some larger residential estates continue to maintain the remaining citrus groves and orchards nearly a century later.

Leonie Boutall, who relocated to Arizona from Tennessee, decided to build a guest ranch in the early 1930s. The dry climate, her doctor told her, would relieve her bronchial troubles. Boutall bought 100 acre of former ranch land just west of North Oracle Road, and south of a narrow dirt track now called Orange Grove Road. She built Rancho Nezhone, a luxury guest ranch that drew the rich and famous to the sparsely settled area far north of Tucson. Kate Smith, Liberace, Gen. John Pershing and William "Hopalong Cassidy" Boyd were guests of the desert retreat which featured lush vegetation with monkeys and parrots. Boutall sold out of the property in 1948. Today the site is home to Mission Palms Apartments, where much of the original flora and several features remain, including a 300-stone wall in front of the property.

Sam Nanini and Giaconda, his wife, moved to Tucson in 1948 seeking to cure Giaconda Nanini's bronchial asthma. Beginning in the mid-1950s, the Italian born, transplanted Chicagoan developed three residential subdivisions on about 300 acre that became the heart of the Casas Adobes community, giving the community its name. The subdivisions, along with Sam Nanini's landmark Casas Adobes Plaza, were considered by many to be Tucson's first suburb. Most of the homes in the subdivision are large ranch-style homes built with adobe bricks. Sam Nanini and his son William also later built the world-class Tucson National Resort, and the million-dollar residential subdivision, the Tucson National Estates.

1997 incorporation attempt
In 1997, the Arizona legislature passed a law that suspended the ability of incorporated cities and towns in Pima County to prevent the incorporation of other cities within six miles of their borders for a period of approximately two years. That same year, the residents of Casas Adobes voted to incorporate as their own city. However, a series of appeals overturned the new law on constitutional grounds, and the Superior Court annulled the incorporation. A second vote for incorporation in 2001 failed 56 to 44 percent.

Casas Adobes community has grown to encompass a 23 sqmi area inhabited by nearly 60,000 residents. While Casas Adobes' neighboring municipalities of Oro Valley, Marana and Tucson continue to build new homes and shopping centers, Casas Adobes is mostly built out. With the failure of incorporation attempts, it is likely that one or all three of the neighboring entities will annex portions of Casas Adobes in the future.

2011 shooting
On January 8, 2011, 19 people were shot during a Congresswoman's meeting in a Safeway grocery store parking lot. Six people were killed, including a federal judge, John Roll, and a congressional aide. U.S. Representative for Arizona's 8th congressional district, Gabby Giffords, was shot in the head at close range. A 22-year-old local man named as Jared Lee Loughner was arrested in connection with the incident.

Geography
Casas Adobes is located at 32.34639°N, -111.00972°W (32.346368, −111.009844).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 22.6 square miles (58.6 km2), of which 22.6 square miles (58.6 km2) is land and 0.04% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 54,011 people, 22,066 households, and 14,718 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,386.7 PD/sqmi. There were 23,655 housing units at an average density of 1,045.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.7% White, 1.7% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.5% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. 13.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 22,066 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,736, and the median income for a family was $57,926. Males had a median income of $40,323 versus $29,892 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,230. About 3.9% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Primary and secondary schools
Casas Adobes is served by three public school districts:
 * Amphitheater Public Schools is the primary school district serving Casas Adobes. Some Amphi schools serving Casas Adobes perform among the top in the state academically, and include Canyon del Oro High School.  In 2007 and again in 2010, Newsweek Magazine rated Canyon del Oro in the top 5% of public schools in the U.S.  Amphitheater High School serves the south-central neighborhoods of Casas Adobes, between River Road and Orange Grove Road.
 * District elementary schools in Casas Adobes include Marion Donaldson Elementary School, Winifred Harelson Elementary School, Mesa Verde Elementary School, and Lulu Walker Elementary School
 * La Cima Middle School is located in Casas Adobes
 * Marana Unified School District serves the far northwestern neighborhoods of Casas Adobes. Mountain View High School serves this area of Casas Adobes.
 * District schools in Casas Adobes include Butterfield Elementary School, Ironwood Elementary School, and Thornydale Elementary School.
 * Flowing Wells Unified School District serves the far western neighborhoods of Casas Adobes. Flowing Wells High School serves this area of Casas Adobes.

Public libraries
Pima County Public Library operates the Nanini Branch Library in Casas Adobes.

Points of interest

Casas Adobes is the location of one of southern Arizona's largest and most biologically diverse nature preserves. Tohono Chul Park is a private nature park located northwest of North Oracle and West Ina roads on North Paseo del Norte. Tohono Chul, Tohono O'odham for "desert corner," was created in 1985 after Richard and Jane Wilson dedicated their historic home and property to the preservation of the desert and the education of visitors on the splendor of the native plants and wildlife.

Casas Adobes features one of the highest concentrations of Mid-century modern architecture in the Tucson area with many prominent architects including Friedman and Jobusch, Nicholas Sakellar, Tom Gist, and Edward Nelson designing properties in the region. Notable examples include Saint Odilia Catholic Church, St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Dove of Peace Lutheran Church, Arizona Bank (now Bank of America) as well as numerous residences in Catalina Village, Westward Look Estates, Casas Adobes Estates and Samalayuca Estates among other neighborhoods.

The Casas Adobes Plaza is a retail destination, dating back to 1948. The Plaza is situated on the southwest corner of North Oracle and West Ina roads, and features some of the most authentic Mediterranean architecture in the area. Original Italian vignettes, statues, and fountains are incorporated into the plaza. Casas Adobes Plaza has a historic Mediterranean observation tower.

Westward Look Resort is located in Casas Adobes, beginning in the early 20th century as a dude ranch in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. The property was significantly expanded in the late 1960s by modernist architect Edward Nelson and became the Tucson area's first resort. The original adobe home commissioned by ranch founders William and Maria Watson in the 1910s by Tucson architect Merritt Starkweather remains the heart of Westward Look Resort and is named the "Vigas Room."

Casas Adobes has a nationally prominent golf resort built in the 1960s by Sam Nanini, the Omni Tucson National Resort. Hosting the PGA Tour Tucson Open for more than forty years, golfers Jack Nicklaus (who was discovered and promoted by Nanini), Arnold Palmer, Lee Trevino, Tom Watson, Tom Kite and Johnny Miller have played at Tucson National. Early tournaments were celebrity-hosted by Dean Martin and others.

While Casas Adobes remains unincorporated, the community has distinguished itself from the other suburbs to the north and northwest of Tucson as the oldest community.

title: Casas Adobes, Arizona


text:
Catalina, Arizona

Catalina is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 7,025 at the 2000 census. Catalina continues to experience increasing population growth, while attempting to maintain its rural character. Catalina remains an unincorporated community, with no plans for annexation into any nearby towns.

Geography
Catalina is located at 32.49111°N, -110.90778°W (32.491151, -110.907652).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 13.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,025 people, 2,567 households, and 1,899 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 506.6 PD/sqmi. There were 2,755 housing units at an average density of 198.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 85.2% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 1.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 9.7% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. 23.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,567 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,482, and the median income for a family was $41,114. Males had a median income of $26,490 versus $22,667 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,588. About 7.9% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

History
Much of Catalina's history and the land it now sits on is connected with the Golder Ranch. Lloyd Golder III and family moved to Tucson from Illinois in 1956 and by the following year had purchased the Rancho Vistoso, which at the time was a 4,800 acre ranch. In 1959, Golder bought the nearby 18,000-acre, Rail N. Ranch from Roberta Nicholas whose ranch house is now the administration building for the Miraval Resort. The land included parts of what is now Catalina State Park to the south and part of the land where Biosphere 2 now sits, to the north.

From 1961 to 1964 he built the Golder Dam about 4 miles north of the Pinal County line but in a legal action that lasted several decades it was declared unsafe and the lakeside community that would have been called Lago del Oro, was never built. The Saddlebrooke subdivision now occupies that land and only the Lago Del Oro Parkway still exists as a reminder of the failed community. He later developed the Twin Lakes subdivision and the Rail N. Ranch subdivision on his land as well as naming many of the streets on his land.

Around 1976, Chief H.D "Bob" and Della Murray, started Golder Ranch Fire District and retired in 1993. The land for the fire district headquarters, was donated by Lloyd Golder and his brother in law Jim McLaughlin. The new fire department was named after Golder Ranch. Golder's wife Vicki Cox Golder has served on Golder Ranch Fire District Board for many years.

Lloyd Golder III died in 2013. The ranch commonly known as Golder Ranch is legally still called the Rail N. Ranch and is still an active open-range ranch.

Governmental representation
Catalina is in Arizona's 6th Congressional District, served by Representative, Juan Ciscomani, a Republican. The CDP is also in Arizona's 11th State Legislative District, served by Representatives Mark Finchem and Vince Leach and Senator Steve Smith, all Republicans.

title: Catalina, Arizona


text:
Catalina Foothills, Arizona

Catalina Foothills is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located north of Tucson in Pima County, Arizona, United States. Situated in the southern foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Catalina Foothills had a population of 50,796 at the 2010 census. Catalina Foothills is one of the most affluent communities in Arizona and in the U.S., with the 6th highest per capita income in Arizona, and the 14th highest per capita income in the U.S. of communities with a population of at least 50,000. The Catalina Foothills community includes some of Arizona's most expensive homes and land, and has the highest median property value. It also includes resorts, golf courses, and spas.

History
Modern development of the Catalina Foothills dates back to the early 1920s. Prior to that time, the Catalina Foothills area was primarily federal trust land and open range for cattle grazing. Beginning in the 1920s, John Murphey began purchasing property north of River Road in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains.

Murphey originally planned to develop 10 housing subdivisions with large lots. Murphey's vision for the Catalina Foothills community was low-density residential development, on lots designed for maximum privacy, preserving existing desert vegetation, the natural terrain, and mountain views. In 1928 Murphey bought a 7,000 acre tract of land north of River Road between North Oracle Road and Sabino Canyon in a federal land auction.

Around the same time, Josias Joesler, a Swiss architect, was retained to implement John Murphey's vision. Residential development in the Catalina Foothills began in the 1930s, and Joesler designed a number of the homes.

In 1931, residents of the Foothills organized the Catalina Foothills School District to serve the local school-aged population. Murphey sold the school district the land for the first school building near East River Road and North Campbell Avenue, and Joesler designed the first school building. This building continues to house the school district's administration.

In 1936, Joesler and Murphey completed the building of St. Philip's in the Hills Episcopal Church at the corner of Campbell Avenue and River Road, which was then the main entrance to the Catalina Foothills Estates, an example of Spanish Colonial Mission architecture. The land for the church was donated by Murphey, and Joesler donated his services for its design. The congregation paid only for construction.

The Catalina Foothills’ population continued to expand, as development continued northward on the Oracle Road corridor, and eastward along the Ina Road/Skyline Drive corridor. In 1963, the Skyline Country Club was established. In the 1980s, both La Paloma Resort and Ventana Canyon Resort were established.

While the Catalina Foothills community supports a population exceeding 50,000, most of the neighborhoods maintain a low-density and suburban character.

Geography
The Catalina Foothills area is defined as north of River Road, east of Oracle Road, and west of Sabino Creek. The Catalina Foothills community is bounded to the north by the Santa Catalina Ranger District of the Coronado National Forest.

Catalina Foothills is located at 32.29389°N, -110.88389°W (32.293990, -110.883872).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 44.6 square miles (115.5 km2), of which 44.5 square miles (115.2 km2) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.3 km2)  (0.3%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 53,794 people, 23,948 households, and 15,590 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,209.5 PD/sqmi. There were 26,372 housing units at an average density of 593.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.4% White, 1.2% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.7% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. 7.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 23,948 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 31.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $65,657, and the median income for a family was $82,675. Males had a median income of $61,697 versus $37,077 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $42,006. About 2.4% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Catalina Foothills is served by three public school districts:
 * Amphitheater Public Schools serves neighborhoods in the western Catalina Foothills, namely Pima Canyon Estates, Cobblestone Estates, and the Via Entrada neighborhood. Amphi schools serving the Catalina Foothills perform among the top in the state academically, and include Canyon del Oro High School.  In 2007 and again in 2010, Newsweek Magazine rated Canyon del Oro in the top 5% of public schools in the U.S., one of a handful of schools in Arizona included on the list.
 * Catalina Foothills School District serves the upper Catalina Foothills, with schools that score among the highest in the state on standardized tests, including Catalina Foothills High School. Catalina Foothills High School is the only high school located in Catalina Foothills proper, and was established in 1992.  In 2006, Catalina Foothills had Arizona's second highest percentage of students exceeding math, the third highest percentage of students exceeding reading standards, and the ninth highest percentage of student exceeding writing standards on the Arizona Instrument to Measure Success (AIMS) mandatory exam.
 * Tucson Unified School District serves the lower and northeastern neighborhoods of the Catalina Foothills. TUSD schools that serve the Catalina Foothills are Jacob C. Fruchtendler Elementary School, Joseph W. Magee Middle School, Doolen Middle School, W. V. Whitmore Elementary School, Davidson Elementary School, Catalina High School, and Sabino High School.

Points of interest
Notable popular attractions in the Santa Catalina Mountains include:
 * Sabino Canyon
 * Bear Canyon
 * Pima Canyon

The Catalina Foothills community forms the core of Tucson's resort corridor. These include the Hacienda del Sol Resort, Westin La Paloma Resort, Loews Ventana Canyon Resort, Westward Look Wyndham Grand Resort, and Canyon Ranch Resort.

The Foothills area is also home to the DeGrazia Gallery in the Sun near the intersection of North Swan Road and East Skyline Drive. Built by artist Ted DeGrazia starting in 1951, the 10-acre (40,000 m2) property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and features an eclectic chapel, an art gallery, and a free museum. The Catalina Foothills is home to La Encantada, the largest upscale shopping center in the Tucson metropolitan area.

Catalina Foothills also has an unusual subdivision in Tucson, called Sin Vacas (Without Cows). The land where Sin Vacas subdivision now sits was owned at one point by steel magnate William J. “Jack” Holliday who was fond of desert wildlife and fenced in his property to keep cows out and called it Rancho Sin Vacas (Ranch Without Cows). Developer Kelley Rollings later came along and purchased the land and along with his Spanish speaking office manager named some of the most interesting street names in Tucson, giving many of them names related to the Seven Deadly Sins, such as Calle Sin Pecado (Street Without Sin) and Plaza Sin Lujuria (Place Without Lust).

The Tucson Arizona Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is in Catalina Foothills, near the intersection of Ina Road and Skyline Drive. It was completed in June 2017 and dedicated later that year in August.

title: Catalina Foothills, Arizona


text:
Corona de Tucson, Arizona

Corona de Tucson is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 9,240 at the 2020 census, an increase of 1036% from the 2000 population of 813.

ZIP code 85641 is shared by Corona de Tucson and Vail.

Geography
Corona de Tucson is located at 31.95778°N, -110.76722°W (31.957860, -110.767238), in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, and adjacent to the Coronado National Forest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.6 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
The 2020 census counted a population of 9,240 people, across 2,789 households, of whom 98% had graduated high school and 45.7% had achieved a Bachelor's degree or higher. The median household income of Corona de Tucson residents was reported at $96,396 with 2.9% of population measured to be living in poverty.

As of the census of 2010, there were 5,675 people, 2,165 households, and 280 families in the CDP. The population density was 932.2 PD/sqmi. There were 395 housing units at an average density of 154.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 85.8% White, 5.3% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 3.2% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. 24.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

At the 2000 census, of the 813 households 17.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.1% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were non-families. 21.3% of households were one person and 8.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.48. The age distribution was 13.9% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 19.4% from 25 to 44, 38.6% from 45 to 64, and 24.0% 65 or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males. The median household income was $93,542, and the median family income was $61,375. Males had a median income of $49,722 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $28,304. None of the families and 1.0% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
The entire CDP is served by the Vail Unified School District and the Pima County Joint Technical Education District’s 4th Governing Board District.

Public Safety
Corona de Tucson is patrolled by the 1st Beat of the Pima County Sheriff's Department's Rincon District and fire protection is provided by the Corona de Tucson Fire District.

title: Corona de Tucson, Arizona


text:
Drexel Heights, Arizona

Drexel Heights is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 27,749 at the 2010 census.

The area is said to be named after financier Francis Anthony Drexel, the father of Saint Katharine Drexel (who established missions to Blacks and Native Americans throughout the United States). Drexel is said to have owned property in the Drexel Heights area and eastward during the late 19th century, although no proof has ever been found that he owned land in the area. Francis A. Drexel died in 1885.

In an article in the Arizona Daily Star newspaper, on March 4, 2014, historian David Leighton stated that Drexel Road was named after Katharine Drexel, and that her father Francis A. Drexel didn't own land in the area as has been claimed in the past. While Mr. Leighton, didn't directly state that Drexel Heights was named in honor of Saint Katharine Drexel, it is implied in his statement that it is named in her honor.

Geography
Drexel Heights is located at 32.13889°N, -111.04389°W (32.138989, -111.043926).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 19.7 sqmi, all land.

The area has numerous Saguaro cacti, and is positioned only a couple of miles south of the Saguaro National Park. The northern boundary of Drexel Heights is the Tucson Mountain Park. It is cut off from the rest of Tucson due to the topography of the Tucson Mountains, which are only crossed via a small number of roads: Ajo Highway is the main crossing, with Gates Pass providing a more scenic route. Coyotes and Javalinas are commonly sighted in the area.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,849 people, 7,505 households, and 5,988 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,212.1 PD/sqmi. There were 7,957 housing units at an average density of 404.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 58.1% White, 2.6% Black or African American, 3.4% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 31.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. 60.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.9% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

As of the census of 2010, The racial makeup of the CDP was 58.6% White, 2.5% Black or African American, 2.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 28.5% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. 70.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 8,824 households, out of which 57.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 3.54.

Ecology
Drexel Heights enjoys abundant urban wildlife but not everyone enjoys it. The has decided to release captured nuisance wildlife near town to avoid excessive ecological disruption, but this has increased the number of animals returning to the originally reported location.

title: Drexel Heights, Arizona


text:
Drexel-Alvernon, Arizona

Drexel-Alvernon was a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 4,192 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Drexel-Alvernon is located at 32.14556°N, -110.90139°W (32.145653, -110.901428).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 4,192 people, 1,328 households, and 988 families living in the CDP. The population density was 4,538.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,417 housing units at an average density of 1,534.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 56.6% White, 5.1% Black or African American, 2.0% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 31.5% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. 58.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 1,328 households 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 16.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 19.2% of households were one person and 4.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.16 and the average family size was 3.65.

The age distribution was 32.2% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% 65 or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median household income was $30,972 and the median family income was $36,019. Males had a median income of $23,699 versus $20,060 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,068. About 16.5% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under age 18 and 19.8% of those age 65 or over.

Governmental representation
The CDP is in Arizona's 3rd Congressional District, served by Representative Raúl Grijalva and Arizona's 2nd State Legislative District, served by Representatives John Christopher Ackerley and Rosanna Gabaldón, and by Senator Andrea d'Alessandro, all Democrats.

Education
The section of the CDP east of Belvedere Avenue and the section southwest of Benson Highway are served by Craycroft Elementary School and Billy Lane Lauffer Middle School and the rest of the CDP by Los Niños Elementary School and Challenger Middle School. For secondary education, the CDP is served by Desert View High School. All schools are part of the Sunnyside Unified School District.

title: Drexel-Alvernon, Arizona


text:
East Sahuarita, Arizona

East Sahuarita was a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2000 census. The CDP comprises the unincorporated neighborhoods east of incorporated Sahuarita.

Geography
East Sahuarita is located at 31.94528°N, -110.91833°W (31.945388, -110.918388).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 14.6 square miles (37.9 km$2$), all land.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 1,419 people, 472 households, and 376 families living in the CDP. The population density was 96.9 PD/sqmi. There were 512 housing units at an average density of 35.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 77.6% White, 0.6% Black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 16.4% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. 48.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 472 households 42.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.8% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 15.0% of households were one person and 4.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.0 and the average family size was 3.4.

The age distribution was 32.1% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median household income was $33,083 and the median family income was $37,292. Males had a median income of $29,107 versus $21,406 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,484. About 15.7% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.6% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: East Sahuarita, Arizona


text:
Flowing Wells, Arizona

Flowing Wells is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is a suburb of Tucson. The population was 16,419 at the 2010 census.

The Flowing Wells community was given an All-America City Award by the National Civic League in 2007.

Geography
Flowing Wells is located at 32.29139°N, -111.00889°W (32.291305, -111.008859).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.4 sqmi, all land.

Flowing Wells is roughly bound by Interstate 10 to the West, the Rillito River to the North, and the City of Tucson to the South and East.

It is entirely within Arizona's 2nd congressional district, on the western side of the district. Additionally, it is within Arizona's 9th legislative district and primarily within Pima County's 3rd supervisor district, though the northern portion of the CDP is within the 1st supervisor district.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 15,657 people, 6,951 households, and 3,849 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4,110.5 PD/sqmi. There were 7,210 housing units at an average density of 2,114.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 43.4% White, 1.5% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 4.0% from other races, and 17.3% from two or more races. 49.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,951 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.0.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,092, and the median income for a family was $31,786. Males had a median income of $26,235 versus $21,972 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,833. About 15.2% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.

In 2010 Flowing Wells had a population of 16,419. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 58.2% non-Hispanic white, 1.7% African American, 2.0% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% non-Hispanic of some other race, 3.7% two or more races and 36.3% Hispanic or Latino.

Public safety
Law enforcement services are provided by the Foothills District of the Pima County Sheriff's Department with the portion of the CDP lying west of La Cholla Boulevard served by Beat 4 and the portion lying east of La Cholla Boulevard served by Beat 3. Fire protection and paramedic services are provided by the Northwest Fire District.

Primary and secondary schools
Flowing Wells Unified School District operates public schools in Flowing Wells and serves much of Flowing Wells (the extreme eastern part of the census-designated place is served by Amphitheater Public Schools).

Flowing Wells USD schools: Emily Meschter Early Learning Center is located in Flowing Wells. District elementary schools in Flowing Wells include Centennial Elementary School, Homer Davis Elementary School, and Laguna Elementary School. Flowing Wells Junior High School is located in Flowing Wells.

Public libraries
Pima County Public Library operates the Flowing Wells Branch Library.

Water
The Flowing Wells Irrigation District, an independent public water provider founded in 1922, provides water for the southern majority portion of the CDP.

title: Flowing Wells, Arizona


text:
Green Valley, Arizona

Green Valley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 22,616 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Green Valley is located along the western side of the Santa Cruz River at 31.85°N, -111°W (31.8556, -111.0001). Continental is to the east of Green Valley, on the other side of the river.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 26.3 mi2, of which 26.2 mi2 is land and 0.04 mi2  (0.08%) is water.

Green Valley is 20 mi south of Tucson and 40 mi north of Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Surrounded by copper mines, and near the cycling, hiking and birding areas of the Santa Rita Mountains, Green Valley is an unincorporated retirement community composed of 59 Homeowner Associations.

The largest of the mines are the Sierrita Mine owned by Freeport-McMoRan and the Mission Mine of ASARCO. Compared to other mines in Arizona the two mines are large; Sierrita is low-grade.

Climate
Green Valley has a borderline hot semi-arid/hot desert climate (Köppen BSh/BWh) with three seasons: a warm to mild winter with chilly nights from October through March; a hot, extremely dry summer season from April to late June; and a hot, relatively humid monsoon season from July through September. Outside monsoon season, rainfall is uniformly scarce, having exceeded 4.0 in only in October 2000 amongst other months. The wettest month on record has been July 1990 with 10.43 in, of which 3.22 in fell on July 15. The wettest calendar year has been 1993 with 22.00 in while the driest since 1988 has been 1997 with 9.90 in.

Temperatures are uniformly hot during the summer and monsoon seasons, with 90 F exceeded on 154 days during an average year, and 77 nights failing to fall below 70 F, including every night during August 2011. Frosts occur 37 nights per winter on average, and daytime highs fail to top 50 F on nine days.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 21,391 people residing in Green Valley. The population density was 663.4 people per square mile. There were 17,322 housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.4% non-Hispanic White, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. 4.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The median income for a household in Green Valley was $46,732 in 2014 dollars. The per capita income for the CDP was $35,416. 4.6% of the population was below the poverty line.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,283 people, 9,995 households, and 6,296 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 658.6 PD/sqmi. There were 13,263 housing units at an average density of 505.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.4% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. 2.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,995 households, out of which 1.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 2.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 28.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.71 and the average family size was 2.07.

In the CDP, the population consisted of 1.6% of inhabitants under the age of 18, 0.7% from 18 to 24, 2.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 73.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 72 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,213, and the median income for a family was $48,369. Males had a median income of $34,500 versus $25,932 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,138. About 1.7% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government
As an unincorporated community, most government services are provided by Pima County. The Green Valley Council, a community association, represents Green Valley to the county government. A second community association, Green Valley Recreation, provides recreation services to Green Valley.

Green Valley Fire District provides fire and emergency services to Green Valley.

Economy
Freeport McMoRan's Sierrita mine is located in Green Valley and is one of the town's largest employers and is involved in investing in the community.

Transportation
Green Valley is served by Sun Shuttle service to Tucson.

Water sustainability
According to a 2007 report by Pima County, 76000 acre.ft of water was pumped from the aquifer in the Upper Santa Cruz Valley in 2006, with 85 percent of that water being used for mining and agriculture. The remaining 15 percent was split between water used for golf courses and residential/commercial water use. The report explains that "The Green Valley area does not have a sustainable water supply given current groundwater pumping rates... the water table in Green Valley has been declining in past years, and is expected to decline even faster as water demands [continue to increase]...". The report concludes that "Water supplies will become critical within the next ten years."

The original 2007 report from Pima County contained a number of recommendations. Four out of five of the recommendations suggested taking advantage the "Central Arizona Project (CAP) renewable water supplies, as well as recharge of the same". The report states, "the size of a pipeline that would convey Central Arizona Project water for direct use or recharge for the entire Upper Basin would need to be at least 72 inches in diameter." As of 2017 one 36" CAP pipeline has been completed with a second 36" CAP pipeline slated for completion in the later part of 2017. (Note, however, that two 36-inch pipes provide only one half the capacity of a single 72-inch pipe, because capacity scales with cross-sectional area, not with diameter.)

The Upper Santa Cruz Valley has several major water users, all pumping water out of the same aquifer. Most area water users are for-profit companies. ASARCO-Mission Mine, Freeport-McMoRan Sierrita Mine and Farmers Investment Co. (farming) are industrial scale water users. Residential water is provided by Farmers Water Company, Sahuarita Water Company, Las Quintas Serenas Water Company, Quail Creek Water Company, Community Water Company of Green Valley (a nonprofit member owned cooperative), and the Green Valley Water District (a governmental water utility). The proliferation of water companies can be partially explained by the fact that Arizona water law places few limits on the amount of water that can be pumped with costs limited only to drilling, pumping, distribution, etc. Since 2007 the Upper Santa Cruz Providers and Users Group (USCPUG) has been working to bring all local water entities, including the Town of Sahuarita, to the same table. Most of the water users and utilities are now members of USCPUG. The organization has published an analysis and projection of area water use through 2030. It has joined with the U S Bureau of Reclamation to lay the groundwork for transportation and use of Colorado River water from the Central Arizona Project canal to greatly reduce reliance on pumping groundwater. If a system is successfully completed, the excess pumping will be largely or fully eliminated. The process through design and construction is expected to take several years with funding being the major challenge.

Attractions
In 2005 Green Valley was the host of the SAE Mini Baja 100 competition. Mini Baja vehicles are custom made by students. In this case there were about 60 teams from various universities, including some from Canada. ETS – École de technologie supérieure of the Université du Québec, from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, won the competition.

Green Valley is home to the Titan Missile Museum, America's largest nuclear weapons museum.

title: Green Valley, Arizona


text:
Littletown, Arizona

Littletown was a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,010 at the 2000 census. The area was annexed into Tucson in 2017.

Geography
Littletown is located at 32.13222°N, -110.87694°W (32.132144, -110.877003).

According to the Federal Bureau of the Census, the CDP has a total area of 0.4 sqmi, all land.

Littletown is located on Interstate 10, southeast of Drexel-Alvernon. It was mostly surrounded by Tucson until it became part of the city.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 1,010 people, 313 households, and 244 families living in the CDP. The population density was 2,230.8 pd/sqmi. There were 329 housing units at an average density of 726.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 64.1% White, 2.1% Black or African American, 2.7% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 24.9% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. 50.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 313 households 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.0% were non-families. 17.3% of households were one person and 4.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.66.

The age distribution was 33.6% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 6.4% 65 or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.

The median household income was $35,833 and the median family income was $35,046. Males had a median income of $26,394 versus $17,396 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,892. About 7.7% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 65.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The former CDP is served by Craycroft Elementary School, Billy Lane Laufer Middle School, and Desert View High School, all part of the Sunnyside Unified School District.

title: Littletown, Arizona


text:
Marana, Arizona

Marana is a town that mostly lies in Pima County with a small portion in Pinal County, in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is located northwest of Tucson, Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population of the town was 51,908.

History
Archaeologists found evidence of about 4,200 years of continuous human settlement in the vicinity of Marana and in the middle of Santa Cruz Valley. Many significant archaeological sites have been found near Marana.
 * Las Capas, a large, early agricultural site, is related to the nearby Costello-King site near present-day Ina Road and the Interstate 10 interchange. It was occupied from 4,200 to 2,500 years ago.  It is the site of the oldest-known cemetery in the American Southwest and the oldest-known canals in North America. The oldest tobacco pipes in the world were found here.
 * Marana Mound, dating between 1150 and 1300 A.D., is the remnant of a large platform mound that was the center of the Hohokam community. The people lived between the Santa Cruz River and the Tortolita Mountains. The mound is surrounded by an adobe compound wall. Multiple rooms were constructed against the wall and were associated with 30–35 nearby residential compounds. Multiple house features have been found both inside and outside the compounds, as well as wall segments and trash mounds. The whole complex covers an area of approximately one square mile.
 * Linda Vista Hill, dating between 1200 and 1350 A.D., is a Trincheras culture site in the Tucson Mountains. The people inhabited mountain slopes overlooking arable land along streams. The hillside site has more than 150 terraces and 75 pit houses excavated into the terraces. A massive, adobe-walled compound is located on the hill summit.
 * Los Morteros, a Hohokam ballcourt village ruin, is located on the Santa Cruz floodplain near the Point of the Mountain at the northern end of the Tucson Mountains. Los Morteros has also been identified as the probable location of the Llano del Azotado campsite used by the Juan Bautista de Anza expedition in 1775, which was chronicled. The location is near the present-day Arizona Portland Cement Plant in the Town of Marana.
 * In 1775, Juan Bautista de Anza, Captain of the Presidio of Tubac, led an expedition north along the Santa Cruz River to find the city of San Francisco. His group of about 200 included 30 soldiers and their families and a number of escorts. They brought more than 1,000 heads of livestock. Their campsite was developed in the 20th century as the CalPortland Cement Plant near Marana. A 15 mi segment of the route that the expedition took through Marana is designated as part of the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail.
 * Pointer Mountain Station, of the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach line used from 1858, was found during the study of Los Morteros, within the limits of the nearby Puerta del Norte trailer court.

Spanish colonists began to inhabit this area in the 17th and 18th centuries. Over time they intermarried with Native Americans, and a class of mestizo settlers also developed. From the early years, mining and ranching were the chief economic activities. The area became part of the independent Mexican Empire established in 1821 (soon replaced by the Republic of Mexico).

US territory
More than two decades later, the United States acquired this territory as part of the Gadsden Purchase; it was not part of the Mexican Cession following the defeat in the Mexican-American War, ending in 1848.

20th-century pioneers
According to historian David Leighton, Charles B. Anway was the first member of the Anway family in the Tucson area; from the eastern United States, he came because the dry mountain air was thought to be beneficial for people suffering from tuberculosis, as he was. Antibiotics were not yet in general use to treat this disease, which had a high mortality rate and no known cure. In 1919, his brother William and his two children, Louis and Ila, arrived in town, but they decided to settle in an area northwest of Tucson called Postvale, Arizona.

In 1920, the longtime widower William Anway married Orpha Ralston. She had been a member for many years of the Postvale Co-operative Women's Club. This group lobbied to have the local post office renamed from Postvale to Marana; in time, the town was also named Marana.

Marana did not become developed primarily as an agricultural center until after World War I. It has produced the commodity crops cotton, wheat, barley, alfalfa, and pecans.

During World War II, the Army built facilities in Marana to support the military effort, including the Marana Airfield (1942–45, now the Pinal Airpark). It became the largest pilot-training center in the world, training some 10,000 flyers.

In the Cold War years, five Titan missile sites were constructed in the area as part of a complex of ballistic missile installations built around Tucson.

After the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954, farmers against integration forced Black farmers out of Marana into nearby Rillito, Arizona.

In March 1977, the Town incorporated about 10 sqmi and in August of that year, the 1,500 residents elected their first town council. In early 1979, the town began to grow through a targeted annexation policy. It now measures a little more than 120 sqmi.

Annexation
The southern portion of Marana has grown considerably since the early 1990s, with the addition of businesses and some housing. This is largely due to the annexation of existing unincorporated areas. In 1992, the Marana Town Council voted to annex an area of unincorporated Pima County that was located southeast of the town limits. The area selected was a narrow corridor of land along Interstate 10, to the east along Ina Road, and south along Thornydale Road. These areas were mainly developed as high-density commercial businesses and shopping centers, including large retailers or "big box" stores. Marana chose these areas to annex to increase its revenue from sales taxes. The large residential areas behind these commercial areas, which required support for residents, such as schools and roads, were not annexed.

As a result, the city of Tucson filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the State of Arizona in and for the County of Pima (City of Tucson v Town of Marana), claiming that Marana illegally annexed the unincorporated areas in violation of existing state laws. However, on April 4, 1994, Judge Lina Rodriguez ruled in favor of Marana, allowing the annexation to stand. Following this suit, the Arizona State annexation laws were changed, forbidding municipalities from annexing small strips of land without taking large surrounding parcels as well. Such "strip annexation" is no longer allowed under Arizona law.

Geography
Marana is located at 32.38667°N, -111.12556°W (32.386539, -111.125437).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 121.4 square miles (313.6 km2), of which 120.7 square miles (312.3 km2) is land and 0.7 square miles (1.9 km2)  (1.22%) is water.

The town extends along Interstate 10 from the line between Pinal and Pima counties to the Tucson city line, except for the area around the unincorporated community of Rillito. The town has a history of farming and ranching. Marana is located in the Sonoran Desert and is surrounded by the Tortolita Mountains, the Santa Catalina Mountains, and the Tucson Mountains. It includes the Dove Mountain area.

The Tucson Mountains and the western half of Saguaro National Park are located to the south. Phoenix is approximately 90 minutes northwest via Interstate 10.

Climate
Marana has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). This is characterized by hot summers and relatively mild winters. The area averages only 12.19 inches (310 mm) of annual rainfall. During the dry and sunny winter months, daytime highs usually reach between 60°F and 70°F (16°C and 21°C), with temperatures cooling to well below 50°F (10°C), and sometimes below 40°F (4°C) during the night. Temperatures below the freezing mark are not uncommon during this period. In the summer, high temperatures range between 95°F and 105°F (35°C and 41°C), with nights cooling down to around 70°F (21°C). The occasional heat wave can cause temperatures to soar above 110°F (43°C) for multiple days during the hot summer months. Rain is much more frequent during the summer due to the North American Monsoon, and is sometimes accompanied by high winds and thunderstorms. Due to its lower elevation and less pronounced urban heat island effect, Marana generally sees slightly warmer daytime temperatures and cooler nighttime temperatures than Tucson.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 34,961 people, 11,759 households, and 8,871 families residing in the town. There were 13,706 housing units and the racial makeup of the town was 81.9% White, 4.6% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 5.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.7% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 21.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 11,759 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81, and the average family size was 3.17.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. The Town is 50.1% female and 49.9% male.

The median income for a household in the town was $68,361, and the median income for a family was $75,281. Males had a median income of $58,932 versus $37,388 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,468. About 6.1% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those aged 65 or over.

Economy
Asarco's Silver Bell mine is located near Marana.

Principal employers
According to Marana's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the principal employers in the city are;

Transportation
Marana is served by Sun Shuttle service to Tucson.

Town facts

 * Marana was named for the Spanish word maraña ("thicket") by 19th-century railroad workers who had to clear a line through the area.
 * In 2007, Marana began hosting the PGA Tour's WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship (now the WGC-Cadillac Match Play Championship). Held in late February, the event included the world's top 64 professional golfers. Henrik Stenson won the inaugural event, and Tiger Woods won in 2008. Geoff Ogilvy won the 2009 event. Ian Poulter won the 2010 event and Luke Donald took the 2011 title. The tournament remained in Marana through 2014. (In September 2014, Cadillac was announced as the new title sponsor for 2015, and the event was moved to San Francisco's TPC Harding Park golf course.)
 * Pinal Airpark (Evergreen International Aviation) is located just north of Marana in Pinal County. Many commercial airlines send their airplanes to this site for storage. It was well known in the 1970s and 1980s as an air base for the CIA.  The airport was said to be a U.S. Forest Service air tanker base, but when a series of forest fires broke out in the mountains surrounding Tucson in the early 1970s, Airpark officials had to admit that these places were not Forest Service tankers. Locals had asked for them to put out the fires.  Airpark officials said these were actually paramilitary cargo planes. Access to the Airpark is stringently monitored.
 * Marana Regional Airport was purchased by the town from Pima County in 1999. It does not serve commercial airlines. Residents use the Tucson International Airport for commercial flights to other cities and areas.

Veterans Cemetery
Marana is home to one of the four Arizona state Veterans Memorial Cemeteries. Since it was developed in 2016 by the Arizona Department of Veterans' Services over 2,450 burials have been undertaken.

Education
Marana has a public school system consisting of 16 schools, which are coordinated by the Marana Unified School District. Flowing Wells Unified School District coordinates the education in the municipality's extreme southeastern section. Additionally, the portion of the town within Pinal County is served by Red Rock Elementary School and Santa Cruz Valley Unified High.

title: Marana, Arizona