text:
Sunnyvale, California

Sunnyvale is a city located in the Santa Clara Valley in northwest Santa Clara County in the U.S. state of California.

Sunnyvale lies along the historic El Camino Real and Highway 101 and is bordered by portions of San Jose to the north, Moffett Federal Airfield and NASA Ames Research Center to the northwest, Mountain View to the northwest, Los Altos to the southwest, Cupertino to the south, and Santa Clara to the east.

Sunnyvale's population was 155,805 at the 2020 census, making it the second most populous city in the county (after San Jose) and the seventh most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area.

As one of the major cities that make up California's high-tech area known as Silicon Valley, Sunnyvale is the birthplace of the video game industry, former location of Atari headquarters. Many technology companies are headquartered in Sunnyvale and many more operate there, including several aerospace/defense companies.

Sunnyvale was also the home to Onizuka Air Force Station, often referred to as "the Blue Cube" because of the color and shape of its windowless main building. The facility, previously known as Sunnyvale Air Force Station, was named for the deceased Space Shuttle Challenger astronaut Ellison Onizuka. It served as an artificial satellite control facility of the U.S. military until August 2010 and has since been decommissioned and demolished.

Sunnyvale is one of the few U.S. cities to have a single unified Department of Public Safety, where all personnel are trained as firefighters, police officers, and EMTs, so that they can respond to an emergency in any of the three roles.

History
When the Spanish first arrived in the 1770s at the Santa Clara Valley, it was heavily populated by the indigenous Ohlone people. However, following the arrival of the Spaniards, smallpox, measles, and other Old World diseases greatly reduced the Ohlone population. While some of the Ohlone Native Americans died from diseases, others survived and were forced into Christian faith by the Spanish. In 1777, Mission Santa Clara was founded by Franciscan missionary Padre Junipero Serra and was originally located in San Jose (near what is now the San Jose International Airport runway).

1800s
In 1843, Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas was granted to Francisco Estrada and his wife Inez Castro. Portions of the land given in this grant later developed into the cities of Mountain View and Sunnyvale. Two years later, in 1844, another land grant was provided to Lupe Yñigo, one of the few Native Americans to hold land grants. His land grant was first called Rancho Posolmi, named in honor of a village of the Ohlone that once stood in the area. Rancho Posolmi was later known as Rancho Ynigo.

Martin Murphy Jr. came to California with his father as part of the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party in 1844. In 1850, Martin Murphy Jr. bought a piece of Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas for $12,500. Murphy established a wheat farm and ranch named Bay View. Murphy had the first wood-frame house in Santa Clara County; it was shipped from New England. The house was demolished in 1961 but was reconstructed in 2008 as the Sunnyvale Heritage Park Museum. When he died in 1884, his land was divided among his heirs.

In 1860, The San Francisco and San Jose Rail Road was allowed to lay tracks on Bay View and established Murphy Station. Lawrence Station was later established on the southern edge of Bay View.

In the 1870s, small fruit orchards replaced many large wheat farms, because wheat farming turned uneconomical due to county and property tax laws, imports and soil degradation. In 1871, Dr. James M. Dawson and his wife Eloise (née Jones) established the first fruit cannery in the county. Fruit agriculture for canning soon became a major industry in the county. The invention of the refrigerated rail car further increased the viability of an economy based upon fruit. The fruit orchards became so prevalent that in 1886, the San Jose Board of Trade called Santa Clara County the "Garden of the World".

In the 1880s, Chinese workers made up roughly one third of the farm labor in Santa Clara County. This percentage reduced over time after the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed. In the following decade, the 1890s, many immigrants from Italy, the Azores, Portugal, and Japan arrived to work in the orchards.

In 1897, Walter Everett Crossman bought 200 acre and began selling real estate. He advertised the area as "Beautiful Murphy" and later, in the 1900s, as "the City of Destiny". Also in 1897, Encinal School opened as the first school in Murphy. Previously, children in the town had to travel to Mountain View for school. The area also became known as Encinal.

1900s
In 1901, the residents of Murphy were informed they could not use the names Encinal or Murphy for their post office. Sunnyvale was given its current name on March 24, 1901. It was named Sunnyvale as it is located in a sunny region adjacent to areas with significantly more fog.

Sunnyvale continued to grow and in 1904, dried fruit production began. Two years later, Libby, McNeill & Libby, a Chicago meat-packing company, decided to open its first fruit-packing factory in Sunnyvale. Today, a water tower painted to resemble the first Libby's fruit cocktail can label identifies the former site of the factory.

Also in 1906, the Joshua Hendy Iron Works relocated from San Francisco to Sunnyvale after the company's building was destroyed by fire after the 1906 earthquake. The ironworks was the first non-agricultural industry in the town. The company later switched from producing mining equipment to other products such as marine steam engines. In 1912, the residents of Sunnyvale voted to incorporate, and Sunnyvale became an official city.

Fremont High School first opened in 1923. The year 2023 marked the school's 100 year anniversary.

In 1924, Edwina Benner was elected to her first term as mayor of Sunnyvale. She was the second female mayor in the history of the state of California.

In 1930, Congress decided to place the West Coast dirigible base in Sunnyvale after "buying" the 1000 acre parcel of farmland bordering the San Francisco Bay from the city for $1.

This naval airfield was later renamed Naval Air Station Moffett and then Moffett Federal Airfield and is commonly called Moffett Field.

In 1939, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, the forerunner of NASA) began research at Ames Laboratory.

During World War II, the war economy began a change from the fruit industry to the high-tech industry in Santa Clara County. The Joshua Hendy Iron Works built marine steam engines, naval guns and rocket launchers to aid in the war effort. As the defense industry grew, a shortage of workers in the farm industry was created. Immigrants from Mexico came to Sunnyvale to fill this void of workers.

Following the war, the fruit orchards and sweetcorn farms were cleared to build homes, factories and offices.

In 1950 the volunteer fire department and the paid police department were combined into the department of public safety.

In 1956, the aircraft manufacturer Lockheed moved its headquarters to Sunnyvale.

Since then, numerous high-tech companies have established offices and headquarters in Sunnyvale, including Advanced Micro Devices and Yahoo.

The first prototype of Atari's coin-operated Pong, the first successful video game, was installed in Sunnyvale in August 1972 in a bar named Andy Capp's Tavern, now Rooster T. Feathers. Atari's headquarters were located at 1196 Borregas Avenue in north Sunnyvale.

By 2002, the few remaining orchards had been replaced with homes and shops. However, there are still city-owned orchards, such as the Heritage Orchard next to the Sunnyvale Community Center.

In 1979, an indoor mall called Sunnyvale Town Center opened in what used to be a traditional downtown shopping district. After years of successful operation, the mall started to decline in the 1990s. After numerous changes in plans and ownership, the mall was demolished in 2007.

2000s
Sunnyvale celebrated its one-hundredth anniversary on August 25, 2012.

According to the Bay Area Census, there was a total population of 130,885 people in households and 875 people in group quarters in 2000. In 2023, the city has a population of 145,302 residents; however, the city's population is declining at a rate of -6.77% since the 2020 census, which claimed that Sunnyvale had a population of 155,860 residents.

Downtown development
In November 2009, previously closed portions of the main streets in downtown Sunnyvale were reopened as part of the ongoing downtown redevelopment of the Sunnyvale Town Center mall, marking the first time in over three decades that those street blocks have been open to vehicle and pedestrian traffic. Part of the project involved building new apartment buildings, however during the Great Recession the property was repossessed by Wells Fargo in 2009; the developer countersued, leaving the project in legal limbo through 2015.

The two office buildings are now fully occupied by Uber. Mixed-use developments have been built at the former Town and Country location near the Plaza del Sol just north of Murphy Avenue. By mid 2015, new multistory apartment complexes had opened, including a number of ground-floor businesses, and the lawsuit against Wells Fargo was resolved in the bank's favor. The development was sold to Sares Regis in late 2016. Redwood Square reopened as a park in 2017. Many apartments are occupied, and more are being completed in 2020. A Whole Foods Market and AMC Theatres multiplex opened in October 2020.

Major businesses
In the 2010s, Sunnyvale became home to operations from numerous major technology companies including Apple, LinkedIn (now headquartered in Sunnyvale), Google, Walmart Labs, and 23andMe. Google in particular has announced major development plans in the Moffett Park area, adjacent to Moffett Field.

Geography
Sunnyvale is located at 37.36877°N, -122.03706°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 58.8 km2, of which, 56.9 km2 of it is land and 1.8 km2 of it (3.09%) is water. Its elevation is 130 feet above sea level.

Climate
Like most of the San Francisco Bay Area, Sunnyvale has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), with cool, moist winters and warm, very dry summers. Average daytime summer temperatures are in the high 70s, and during the winter, average daytime high temperatures rarely stay below 50 °F. Snowfall is rare, but on January 21, 1962, and February 5, 1976, measurable snowfall occurred in Sunnyvale and most of the San Francisco Bay Area. Sunnyvale was briefly hit by tornadoes in 1951 and 1998, but otherwise they are extremely rare.

Demographics

The 2020 United States Census reported that Sunnyvale had a population of 155,805. The population density was 6,596 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Sunnyvale was 46,551 (29.9%) White, 2,228 (1.4%) African American, 1,081 (0.7%) Native American, 77,842 (49.9%) Asian, 491 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 14,181 (9.1%) from other races, and 13,431 (8.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25,372 persons (16.3%). Non-Hispanic Whites were 27.8% of the population in 2020, compared to 74.7% in 1980.

There were 59,567 households, out of which 16,133 (27%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 31,557 (53.0%) were married opposite-sex couples living together, 4,069 (6.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,908 (4.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,382 (5.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 657 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 14,970 households (25.1%) were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54. There were 38,750 families (65.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.09.

The population was spread out, with 32,453 people (20.8%) under the age of 18, 9,641 people (6.2%) aged 18 to 24, 57,977F people (37.2%) aged 25 to 44, 34,330 people (22.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 20,683 people (13.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males.

There were 63,065 housing units, of which 45.8% were owner-occupied, and 54.2% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.3%. 72,485 people (46.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 80,220 people (51.5%) lived in rental housing units.

Economy

Companies based in Sunnyvale include Infinera, Fortinet, Intuitive Surgical, Juniper Networks, LinkedIn, Proofpoint, Inc., Matterport, Inc., and Trimble Inc.

Largest employers
According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Government and politics
The City of Sunnyvale uses the council–manager form of government, with a city council consisting of seven members elected to fill individual seats. Starting in November 2020, the mayor is directly elected to a four-year term in a city-wide election. The six council members are elected to four year terms from six districts in even-year elections. The vice-mayor is selected from the six city council members by the mayor and city council, serving a one-year term. The city council hires a city manager to run the day-to-day operations of the city government.

Sunnyvale is the largest city in the United States that uses a consolidated department of public safety, with sworn officers who are fully cross-trained to perform police, firefighting, and emergency medical services. Officer assignments are rotated annually, with some specialist assignments lasting up to five years. Sunnyvale has had a consolidated DPS since 1950.

In the California State Legislature, Sunnyvale is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Sunnyvale is in.

On August 16, 2016, Sunnyvale had 56,030 registered voters.

As of June 5, 2018, Sunnyvale had 58,543 registered voters.

Education
For elementary and middle schools, most of the city is in the Sunnyvale School District, while some parts are in the Cupertino Union School District, the Santa Clara Unified School District, and the Mountain View Whisman Elementary School District.

For high schools, most of the city is in the Fremont Union High School District (the parts that are part of the Sunnyvale School District or Cupertino Union School District for primary schools), and those areas of Sunnyvale are divided between Fremont High School and Homestead High School. Some parts of the city are in the Santa Clara Unified School District.

French American School of Silicon Valley (FASSV, École franco-américaine de la Silicon Valley) is a private elementary school in Sunnyvale, which opened in 1992. It is recognized as a French international school by the AEFE.

Library services for the city are provided by the Sunnyvale Public Library, located at the Sunnyvale Civic Center.

=== Private schools in Sunnyvale ===

 * FASSV (French American School of Silicon Valley)
 * Stratford School
 * The King's Academy (Religious)
 * Challenger School
 * Rainbow Montessori
 * Helios School
 * Jazmin Chandler
 * Resurrection School (Religious)
 * Silicon Valley Academy (Religious)
 * South Peninsula Hebrew day school (Religious)
 * Sunnyvale Christian School (Religious)

Neighborhoods
The southern half of Sunnyvale is predominantly residential, while most of the portion of Sunnyvale north of Highway 237 is zoned for industrial use.

Within this southern half are several neighborhoods that account for a large number of Eichler homes throughout residential Sunnyvale. More specifically, there are 16 housing tracts containing over 1100 Eichler homes.

The far eastern section of El Camino Real in Sunnyvale has a significant concentration of businesses owned by Indian immigrants.

Parks
There are 476 acres of parks in the Sunnyvale area. These include Las Palmas Park, Ortega Park, Seven Seas Park, Fair Oaks Park, Washington Park near downtown, two public golf courses, and Baylands Park, site of the annual Linux Picnic.

Charles Street Gardens, Sunnyvale's oldest and largest community garden, is located adjacent to Sunnyvale's Public Library. In 2017 the Santa Clara Unified School District took over operation of Full Circle Farm Sunnyvale, which leased the land from the district, and plan to focus the farm on education.

Transportation

Several major roads and freeways go through Sunnyvale:
 * I-280 (CA).svg Interstate 280 (Junipero Serra Freeway)
 * US 101 (CA).svg U.S. Route 101
 * California 82.svg State Route 82 (El Camino Real)
 * California 85.svg State Route 85 (Stevens Creek Freeway)
 * California 237.svg State Route 237 (Southbay Freeway)

Public transportation
Sunnyvale is served by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (light rail and buses) and by Caltrain commuter rail. Two Caltrain stations are located in Sunnyvale: the Sunnyvale station in the Heritage District downtown, and the Lawrence station in eastern Sunnyvale, north of the Ponderosa neighborhood.

Bicycle
Sunnyvale has been listed by the League of American Bicyclists as a bronze-level Bicycle Friendly Community.

The Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee advises the city council on the continued development of the bicycle plan for the city.

Airports
For commercial passenger air travel, Sunnyvale is served by three nearby international airports:

 * Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport (SJC), 9.5 miles from downtown Sunnyvale by car. It is also accessible by Caltrain, VTA light rail, and VTA bus. Caltrain and light rail stations require a transfer to a free shuttle bus to get to the airport terminal.
 * San Francisco International Airport (SFO), 27.7 miles by car. SFO is transit accessible from Sunnyvale via Caltrain and Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART).
 * Metropolitan Oakland International Airport (OAK), 37.5 miles by car. Access to Oakland airport by public transit is possible via multiple transfers.

Crime
Sunnyvale has consistently ranked as one of the safest ten cities (for cities of similar size) in the United States according to the FBI's crime reports. From 1966 to at least 2004, Sunnyvale never placed below fifth in safety rankings among U.S. cities in its population class. In 2005, Sunnyvale ranked as the 18th-safest city overall in the U.S., according to the Morgan Quitno Awards. In 2009, Sunnyvale was ranked 7th in U.S. by Forbes Magazine in an analysis of America's safest cities. In 2018, Sunnyvale was named the safest city by SmartAsset.com for the third year in a row.

Gangs
According to Sunnyvale's Department of Public Safety, confirmed gang members make up less than one percent of the population, although 95% of the crime is gang on gang violence. Sunnyvale's Gang Task-force agency as well as the FBI note three main gangs that exist in Sunnyvale, thrice allying to either Sureño or Norteño families, one existing since the 1960s.

Mass shooting
On February 16, 1988, Richard Farley shot 11 people, killing seven of them, at his former employer ESL Incorporated in north Sunnyvale, across Borregas Avenue from Atari. The 1993 made-for-television film I Can Make You Love Me starring Brooke Shields and Richard Thomas was based on the event.

Folklore
A long-standing legend of Sunnyvale is of a ghost that haunts the town's Toys 'R' Us store (now REI). A purported psychic, Sylvia Browne, claimed to have made contact with the ghost on the 1980 TV show That's Incredible! and named him Johnny Johnson. This story was also explored in a 1991 episode of Haunted Lives: True Ghost Stories. Browne stated that he had been a Swedish preacher who worked as a farm hand in the orchard where the toy store now stands and that he bled to death from an accidental, self-inflicted axe injury to his leg.

Notable people
• Tony Anselmo, animator and voice of Donald Duck

• Robert Hawkins, artist and painter

• Ashleigh Aston Moore, actress

• Teri Hatcher, actress

• Imran Khan, Bollywood actor

• Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Inc.

• Lee Pelekoudas, Seattle Mariners interim general manager, raised in Sunnyvale.

• Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple Inc.

• Richard Farley, mass murderer

• Arthur Davis, animator and director

• Timothy Linh Bui, filmmaker

• Tony Bui, film director

• Steve Kloves, American screenwriter, film director and producer

• Antwon, hip-hop artist

• Brian MacLeod, musician

• The Orange Peels, musical group

• Juju Chang, television personality

• Martin Ford, entrepreneur, author

• Jeff Goodell, writer

• Michael S. Malone, multiple talents

• Amy Tan, novelist

• Tully Banta-Cain professional football player

• Brian Boitano, figure skater

• Benny Brown, runner

• Sean Dawkins, NFL player, lived in Sunnyvale while attending Homestead High School in Cupertino.

• Penny Deen, swimmer and coach

• Francie Larrieu-Smith, track and field athlete

• Peter Ueberroth, Major League Baseball Commissioner 1984–89

• Bill Green, former United States and NCAA record holder in Track and Field, 5th in the hammer throw at the 1984 Summer Olympics

• Chris Pelekoudas, Major League Baseball umpire, lived and died in Sunnyvale.

• Troy Tulowitzki, Major League Baseball player, graduated from Fremont High School

• Andrew Fire, 2006 Nobel Laureate in medicine

• Landon Curt Noll, astronomer, cryptographer and mathematician

• Mark Rober, NASA JPL employee 2004–2011, current scientific YouTuber

• Joe Prunty, NBA assistant coach for the Atlanta Hawks

Twin towns – sister cities
Until 1970, Sunnyvale had a Sister City relationship with Chillán, Chile. In 2013, the city entered into a three-year Friendly Exchange Relations Agreement with Iizuka, Japan; in July 2016 the city council voted to change this to a Sister City relationship.

title: Sunnyvale, California


text:
Midtown San Jose

Midtown San Jose is a mixed commercial and residential district of San Jose, California, to the southwest of Downtown San Jose and east of West San Carlos.

History
The area was a census-designated place and primarily residential area in Santa Clara County, California, United States. It has been annexed to San Jose. The population was 748 at the 2000 census.

It is designated one of San Jose's Urban Village and is part of the Envision San Jose 2040 plan the city rolled out in 2012. The focus is on building high-density housing along the West San Carlos Street corridor, replacing the older mixed-use buildings.

Geography
Sunol-Midtown is located at 37.32472°N, -121.91028°W (37.324841, -121.910198).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 0.1 sqmi, all of it land.

Demographics
(These demographics are only for the unincorporated portions of the area in 2000. The parts of the neighborhood in San Jose are included in that city's article as well as 2010 data when the whole area was annexed.)

As of the census of 2000, there were 748 people, 243 households, and 142 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 8,762.0 people per square mile (3,208.9/km2). There were 256 housing units at an average density of 2,998.7 per square mile (1,098.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 49.73% White, 1.47% African American, 1.34% Native American, 3.34% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 38.10% from other races, and 5.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 64.30% of the population.

There were 243 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.76. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 36.6% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $47,734, and the median income for a family was $41,071. Males had a median income of $37,143 versus $30,134 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,392. About 9.8% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Sunol-Midtown is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Sunol-Midtown is in.

Transportation
Midtown is well connected to transportation infrastructure. It is directly south of Diridon Station, which serves Caltrain and eventually Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART). The area also has easy access to the Junipero Serra Freeway (CA-280).

The area is served VTA light rail at the Race Street station.

Parks and plazas

 * Del Monte Park
 * O'Connor Park

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Midtown San Jose


text:
Amesti, California

Amesti is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. The population was 2,637 as of the 2020 United States census.

Amesti is named for José Amesti, a Basque who came to California in 1822, and who was the grantee of Rancho Los Corralitos.

Geography
Amesti is located at 36.95917°N, -121.78222°W (36.959210, -121.782131).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.1 sqmi, of which, 3.0 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (2.10%) is water.

2010
At the 2010 census Amesti had a population of 3,478. The population density was 1,138.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Amesti was 1,889 (54.3%) White, 12 (0.3%) African American, 41 (1.2%) Native American, 89 (2.6%) Asian, 1,309 (37.6%) from other races, and 137 (3.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,273 persons (65.4%).

The census reported that 99.6% of the population lived in households and 0.4% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 982 households, 509 (51.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 576 (58.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 158 (16.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 56 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 68 (6.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 12 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 143 households (14.6%) were one person and 71 (7.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.53. There were 790 families (80.4% of households); the average family size was 3.83.

The age distribution was 1,100 people (31.6%) under the age of 18, 343 people (9.9%) aged 18 to 24, 895 people (25.7%) aged 25 to 44, 805 people (23.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 335 people (9.6%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

There were 1,015 housing units at an average density of 332.2 /sqmi, of which 61.5% were owner-occupied and 38.5% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.3%. 56.6% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 42.9% lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,436 people, 760 households, and 589 families in the CDP. The population density was 833.0 PD/sqmi. There were 781 housing units at an average density of 267.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP in 2010 was 30.6% non-Hispanic White, 0.3% non-Hispanic African American, 0.5% Native American, 2.2% Asian, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 65.4%.

Of the 760 households 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 17.5% of households were one person and 8.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.21 and the average family size was 3.56.

The age distribution was 30.2% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median household income was $45,558 and the median family income was $48,036. Males had a median income of $43,800 versus $30,223 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,422. About 14.0% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Amesti is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Amesti is in.

title: Amesti, California


text:
Aptos, California

Aptos (Ohlone for "The People") is an unincorporated town in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. The town is made up of several small villages, which together form Aptos: Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley, Aptos Village, Cabrillo, Seacliff, Rio del Mar, and Seascape. Together, they have a combined population of 24,402.

History
Aptos was traditionally inhabited by the Awaswas tribe of Ohlone people. The name is one of only three native words that have survived (in Hispanicized form) as place names in Santa Cruz County (the others are Soquel and Zayante).

The first European land exploration of Alta California, the Spanish Portolá expedition, passed through the area on its way north, camping at one of the creeks on October 16, 1769. The expedition diaries don't provide enough information to be sure which creek it was, but the direction of travel was northwest, parallel to the coast. Franciscan missionary Juan Crespi, traveling with the expedition, noted in his diary that, "We stopped on the bank of a small stream, which has about four varas of deep running water. It has on its banks a good growth of cottonwoods and alders; on account of the depth at which it runs it may be that it cannot be utilized to water some plains through which it runs." Crespi diary translator Herbert Bolton speculated that the location was Soquel Creek, but it could have been Aptos Creek.

In 1833 the government of Mexico granted Rafael Castro the 6656 acre Rancho Aptos. Initially Castro raised cattle for their hides, but after California became a state in 1850, Castro leased his land to Americans who built a wharf, general store, and lumber mill. The original town was located where Aptos Village Square is now. In 1853 a leather tannery was built, and the main building is a bed & breakfast inn.

In 1875, Frederick A. Hihn and Claus Spreckels partnered to build the Santa Cruz Railroad, and routed it through Aptos where they both had development interests - Hihn with the Loma Prieta Lumber Company, and Spreckels with his Aptos Hotel resort. The railroad tracks ran directly adjacent to the Santa Cruz Watsonville road, whose route was originally established by the 1769 Spanish exploratory expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá.

In 1878 Augustia Castro, daughter of Rafael Castro, and her husband José Arano built the Victorian, Bayview Hotel in Aptos village. The hotel is a Santa Cruz County landmark. It is Santa Cruz county's oldest operating hotel. It has been a State Historic Monument since 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1993. Since being originally built, the hotel was moved to its current location.

In the mid to late 1800s, a series of major epidemics hit the area. A particularly bad one occurred in the early winter of 1868. Cases of smallpox were reported among the poor of San Juan Bautista. Efforts were made to localize the rapidly spreading disease, such as, barricading the roads leading in and out of San Juan Bautista. These efforts failed however, and when cases appeared in Watsonville, Santa Cruz citizens attempted to again quarantine the disease by destroying the Aptos Bridge. These efforts again failed and only created a rift between the two cities. The death toll of the smallpox epidemic lead to the local press publishing of the latest remedies available for home use as well as methods to prevent the spread of smallpox and inoculations.

By 1872, Claus Spreckels, a sugar millionaire, began buying the land from Castro. He built a hotel near the beach and a summer mansion and ranch with a racetrack for his horses. A large area was fenced and stocked with deer for hunting, and became known as "the Deer Park," home of today's Deer Park Center.

From 1880 to 1920 redwood timber harvesting became the major industry, and Aptos became a boom town. The Loma Prieta Lumber Company logged all of what is now The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park. The Valencia Mill logged everything to the east. Within 40 years the hills were bare, and apples became the next industry. The Hihn Apple Barn is a historic building from that era; in 2016-2017, the building had been relocated nearby to be used as a grocery store and make way for a shopping complex.

On March 16–20, 1905, the Leonard Ranch near La Selva was the site of experiments with a new tandem-wing glider designed and built by John J. Montgomery. Hoisted aloft by hot-air balloon to considerable heights, over a series of test flights pilot Daniel J. Maloney was able to demonstrate the control and flight of the Montgomery glider design. These flights, with starting altitudes over 3,000 feet above the ground, were the first high-altitude flights in the world. A marker was placed at this location in 2005 honoring the centennial of these accomplishments.

After Spreckels' death, Seacliff Park and Rio Del Mar Country Club (today's Seacliff State Beach) were developed in the late 1920s. Rio Del Mar Country Club included a clubhouse, a grand hotel on the bluffs, a beach club, a polo field, and a golf course. The estuary was filled in (now Rio Beach Flats) and the SS Palo Alto cement ship was moored and converted into an amusement pier with restaurants, swimming pool, and a dance pavilion. Both Rio Del Mar and Seacliff were popular during Prohibition as drinking and gambling were discreetly available. These amusements were interrupted by the Great Depression and World War II.

In the early 1960s Aptos began a period of rapid development, including Cabrillo College, Rancho Del Mar Shopping Center, the Seascape Resort development, and many residential developments.

In 2020s, Microsoft named a new Windows font after this community.

Geography

For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Aptos as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area is limited in contrast to the local understanding of the area with the same name. The population of the CDP was 6,220 at the 2010 census. The CDP has a total area of 6.4 sqmi, all land. The southwestern geographical boundary is Monterey Bay, while the northeast boundary is the Santa Cruz Mountains.

Aptos is bisected northwest-to-southeast by the State Route 1 freeway and includes the ZIP codes 95001 and 95003.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Aptos had a population of 6,220. The population density was 978.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Aptos was 5,420 (87.1%) White, 58 (0.9%) African American, 43 (0.7%) Native American, 247 (4.0%) Asian, 8 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 175 (2.8%) from other races, and 269 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 611 persons (9.8%).

The census reported that 98.7% of the population lived in households and 1.3% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 2,549 households, out of which 686 (26.9%) had children under the age of 18 living, 1,353 (53.1%) were married couples living together, 192 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 95 (3.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 142 (5.6%) unmarried. 665 households (26.1%) were made up of individuals, and 268 (10.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41. There were 1,640 families (64.3% of all households); the average family size was 2.86.

The population was spread out, with 1,150 people (18.5%) under the age of 18, 436 people (7.0%) aged 18 to 24, 1,342 people (21.6%) aged 25 to 44, 2,189 people (35.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,103 people (17.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.

There were 2,711 housing units at an average density of 426.7 /sqmi, of which 75.6% were owner-occupied and 24.4% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 0.8%. 75.2% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 23.5% lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,396 people, 4,055 households, and 2,428 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,339.6 PD/sqmi. There were 4,486 housing units at an average density of 639.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.38% White, 0.56% African American, 0.65% Native American, 2.39% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 2.49% from other races, and 3.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.97% of the population.

There were 4,055 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 19.3% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $61,843, and the median income for a family was $73,515. Males had a median income of $51,848 versus $40,050 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $33,210. About 2.5% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Aptos is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Aptos is in.

Parks and recreation

Aptos is home to both the Forest of Nisene Marks State Park and Seacliff State Beach California state parks. Hidden Beach has a playground and a path that leads to the ocean. Nisene Marks is popular with hikers and mountain bikers. The San Andreas Fault Zone passes nearby and the epicenter of the M6.9 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake lies within.

Aptos is also home to the annual Fourth of July "World's Shortest Parade," so called because the parade route is about 0.6 mi long.

Aptos Park is the site of the annual Aptos Blues Festival. Several well-known performers have performed at the festival, including B.B. King, Buddy Guy, John Lee Hooker, Ray Charles, Leon Russell, Los Lobos, Gregg Allman, the Doobie Brothers, Bonnie Raitt, and Al Green.

Education
Cabrillo College is a two-year community college in Aptos.

Aptos has three public elementary schools: Valencia Elementary, Rio Del Mar Elementary, and Mar Vista Elementary. It also has one junior high school, Aptos Junior High School, and one high school, Aptos High School. Private schools include Santa Cruz Montessori School, Orchard School, and Twin Lakes Christian School. Aptos Academy, a pre-school through eighth grade private school, closed in 2013.

Sports
The Aptos Little League baseball team made it to the Little League World Series in 2002, and was the subject of a documentary film on PBS, Small Ball: A Little League Story.

Notable people

 * Frank Drake - SETI Founder, prominent Astronomer, Drake Equation.
 * Peter Mel, Professional Surfer, attended Aptos High School, class of 1987
 * Trent Dilfer, National Football League quarterback, attended Aptos High School, class of 1990
 * Nikki Hiltz, professional Runner, attended Aptos Middle School
 * Dave Draper, body builder, actor, motivational speaker, and author
 * Mark Eichhorn, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Randy Kramer, Major League Baseball pitcher, Professional baseball scout Toronto Blue Jays.
 * Lou Harrison, composer
 * Daniel Henry Holmes Ingalls, Jr., computer scientist
 * Harry Hooper, Major League Baseball player and member of the Hall of Fame, lived in Capitola, California and is buried in Aptos. Harry Hooper was one of two players traded by the Boston Red Sox, along with Babe Ruth, that created the Curse of the Bambino.
 * Edmund Kemper, also known as the Co-ed Butcher or the Co-ed Killer, an American serial killer, necrophile, and cannibal
 * Marisa Miller, model
 * Bill Miller, Major League Baseball umpire
 * John J. Montgomery, aviation pioneer
 * Thomas Pynchon, author
 * George Windle Read, Jr., United States Army Lieutenant General

title: Aptos, California


text:
Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley, California

Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley is an unincorporated community in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. It is identified as one of several small communities with a combined population of 24,402 forming the unincorporated town of Aptos by the local Chamber of Commerce along with:
 * Aptos Village
 * Cabrillo
 * Seacliff, south of State Route 1, west of Aptos Creek
 * Rio Del Mar, south of State Route 1, from Aptos Creek southeast to Seascape
 * Seascape, south of State Route 1, centered on Seascape Beach Resort

For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population was 2,383 as of the 2020 United States census.

Geography
Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley is located at 36.96083°N, -121.83139°W (36.960860, -121.831386).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.3 sqmi, of which, 9.2 sqmi of it is land and 0.03 sqmi of it (0.36%) is water.

2010
At the 2010 census Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley had a population of 2,381. The population density was 256.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley was 1,936 (81.3%) White, 12 (0.5%) African American, 5 (0.2%) Native American, 55 (2.3%) Asian, 1 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 295 (12.4%) from other races, and 77 (3.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 541 people (22.7%).

The census reported that 99.5% of the population lived in households and 0.5% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 872 households, 246 (28.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 511 (58.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 58 (6.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 43 (4.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 60 (6.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 5 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 183 households (21.0%) were one person and 64 (7.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.72. There were 612 families (70.2% of households); the average family size was 3.08.

The age distribution was 454 people (19.1%) under the age of 18, 193 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 470 people (19.7%) aged 25 to 44, 932 people (39.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 332 people (13.9%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 46.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.

There were 921 housing units at an average density of 99.3 /sqmi, of which 78.8% were owner-occupied and 21.2% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.6%. 80.3% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 19.2% lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,361 people, 845 households, and 622 families in the CDP. The population density was 254.8 PD/sqmi. There were 881 housing units at an average density of 95.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 84.50% White, 0.64% African American, 0.38% Native American, 1.86% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander, 7.62% from other races, and 4.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.21%.

Of the 845 households 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 17.6% of households were one person and 6.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.10.

The age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 32.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.

The median household income was $70,417 and the median family income was $75,359. Males had a median income of $60,898 versus $42,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,890. About 3.6% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley is in.

title: Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley, California


text:
Ben Lomond, California

Ben Lomond is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States, and also the name of the mountain to the west. The CDP includes the communities of Glen Arbor and Brackney. The population was 6,337 at the 2020 census.

History
The nearby Ben Lomond Mountain was named after the mountain in Scotland by John Burns, a Scottish man who settled on the west side of the ridge in 1851. Burns became one of the first vintners in the Santa Cruz Mountains, and is usually also credited with naming the community of Bonny Doon. The San Lorenzo River watershed contains extensive forests of Coast redwood, and was an early center of the logging/lumber industry in Santa Cruz County. The community was originally known as Pacific Mills, after a sawmill operation located there. When, in 1887, the community applied for a U.S. Post Office, residents voted to adopt the name of the mountain.

Alba School, a one-room schoolhouse, was constructed in 1895 and was in use until 1940; it later served as a library and a community center. It was destroyed in the CZU Lightning Complex fires in August 2020.

Geography
Ben Lomond is located on State Highway 9, about 12 mi from Santa Cruz and 34 mi from San Jose (the nearest major city) at 37.09°N, -122.09°W (37.09, -122.09). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.4 sqmi. The San Lorenzo River runs through it, in what is known locally as the San Lorenzo Valley, which runs SE–NW to the east of Ben Lomond Mountain (in actuality a long ridge whose highest point has an elevation of 2660 ft).

Northeast of Ben Lomond is Loch Lomond, a reservoir built on Newell Creek and named after the original Loch Lomond in Scotland.

Climate
The National Weather Service has kept weather records for Ben Lomond since 1937. The Western Climate Center reports that Ben Lomond has an average annual rainfall of 49.63 in and an average annual snowfall of 0.1 in

The surrounding mountains and hills trapping heat allow for the summers to become considerably warmer than the surrounding locations despite the area being near the bay and ocean. As a result, summer highs have averages near 90 F and can even reach more than 100 F. In addition, frost in winter nights are more common than the surrounding areas as the higher elevation and lack of a maritime effect allow for cooler overnight temperatures to occur.

The record high temperature was 121 F on September 6, 2020, and the record low temperature was 15 F on December 22, 1990. There are an average of 53.6 days annually with highs of 90 F or higher and 36.6 days with lows of 32 F or lower.

The wettest year was 1983, with 100.37 in of precipitation and the driest year was 2013, with 7.71 in. The most precipitation in one month was 35.77 in in December 1955. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 11.47 in on January 4, 1982. There are an average of 76 days with measurable precipitation. The heaviest 24-hour snowfall was 2.0 in on January 21, 1962.

2010
At the 2010 census Ben Lomond had a population of 6,234. The population density was 745.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Ben Lomond was 5,692 (91.3%) White, 32 (0.5%) African American, 51 (0.8%) Native American, 70 (1.1%) Asian, 11 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 98 (1.6%) from other races, and 280 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 515 people (8.3%).

The census reported that 98.8% of the population lived in households and 1.2% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 2,440 households, 730 (29.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,326 (54.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 240 (9.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 91 (3.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 179 (7.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 45 (1.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. Of the households, 538 (22.0%) were one person and 115 (4.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.52. There were 1,657 families (67.9% of households); the average family size was 2.93.

The age distribution was 1,214 people (19.5%) under the age of 18, 512 people (8.2%) aged 18 to 24, 1,470 people (23.6%) aged 25 to 44, 2,401 people (38.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 637 people (10.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 44.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.

There were 2,620 housing units at an average density of 313.4 /sqmi, of which 74.1% were owner-occupied and 25.9% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.0%. 76.5% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 22.3% lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,364 people (6,394 by ZIP Code), 873 households, and 577 families in the CDP. The population density was 2,802.2 PD/sqmi. There were 924 housing units at an average density of 1,095.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.16% White, 0.17% African American, 0.68% Native American, 1.65% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 2.37% from other races, and 3.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.43%.

Of the 873 households 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. Of households, 21.9% were one person and 3.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.09.

The population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.0% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median household income was $57,241 (but $64,813 by ZIP Code), and the median family income was $59,412. Males had a median income of $40,602 versus $28,042 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,691. About 2.7% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Business
Love Creek is on the east side of the business district of Ben Lomond, along Highway 9.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Ben Lomond is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Ben Lomond is in.

Transportation
Santa Cruz Metro Transit Bus Route 35 and 35E goes through Ben Lomond.

Notable people

 * Guillermo Wagner Granizo (1923–1995) ceramic tile muralist, lived in Ben Lomond from the 1970s until 1980.
 * Jim Jeffries (1875–1953), boxer, trained in the 1940s at the now defunct Wagon Wheel Bar and Restaurant.

title: Ben Lomond, California


text:
Boulder Creek, California

Boulder Creek is a small rural mountain community in the coastal Santa Cruz Mountains. It is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, with a population of 5,429 as of the 2020 census. Throughout its history, Boulder Creek has been home to a logging town and a resort community, as well as a counter-culture haven. Today, it is identified as the gateway to Big Basin Redwoods State Park.

History

The Boulder Creek area is in the traditional tribal territory of the Achistaca, an Awaswas-speaking people of the Ohlone cultural unit, who were a group of contiguous bands that inhabited the coastal region of present-day California from the San Francisco Bay to the Monterey Peninsula and down to San José and Salinas Valley.

There are no living survivors of the Achistaca, who are spoken for by the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band.

According to one anthropologist, the indigenous name for the area was Achista and tentatively included Acsaggi.

The earliest European presence in the area was a Spanish exploratory party in 1769, led overland from Mexico by Don Gaspar de Portolá and Father Juan Crespí. On August 28, 1791, a Spanish mission, Mission Santa Cruz, was established by the Franciscans from Mission Santa Clara de Asís for the conversion of the Awaswas. The Awaswas were moved to Mission Santa Cruz and Mission San Juan Bautista, which claimed the land and peoples. The Awaswas language and its dialects became the main language spoken at Mission Santa Cruz.

Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the area became a part of Mexico. Although Spain had not awarded land grants in the Santa Cruz area, the Mexican government started issuing them in 1822 when it took over the administration of California. Most of the grants lay along the coast, with the only ones within the San Lorenzo Valley being Rancho Zayante and Rancho San Agustin. Under Mexican administration, only natural citizens could own land. Although not a Mexican citizen, in 1841, Isaac Graham purchased the Rancho Zayante land grant by proxy from frontiersman and naturalized Mexican citizen Joseph Ladd Majors. In 1843, together with Peter Lassen, Graham built one of the first water-powered sawmills in California and, with it, the first significant settlement in the area. Graham's settlement marked the beginning of San Lorenzo Valley's lumber-based economy.

Following the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848 and the California Gold Rush of 1848, the area steadily grew in population, including considerable immigration. While the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the War obliged the United States to honor Mexican land grants, the process took many years of court hearings. In the meantime, squatters and entrepreneurs moved into the valley to harvest its rich resources of timber and lime. Despite the lack of roads, many families braved the wilderness to homestead the upper San Lorenzo. There were few large operations in the upper San Lorenzo Valley, leading the pioneers to develop their own systems of harvesting and transporting to the lumber and tanning markets. Logging in the valley supplied large timbers to shore up the underground workings of the mines after the initial rush of gold-panning gave way to other mining techniques. By the late 1850s, early settlers and lumbermen were using the Turkey Foot floodplain as a gathering point for their mule and oxen teams.

Timber town
Branciford Alcorn was one of the first to settle along Bear Creek in 1865. Daniel Crediford and his sons Wilfred and Stephen moved about 4 mi up Boulder Creek to the Sequoia district in 1867. West Virginian Joseph Wilbur Peery also settled in the Boulder area in 1867 and began a small-scale logging project along the San Lorenzo River. Peery built a dam across the river at Two Bar Creek to provide water power to his mill and for the one he later built 2 mi south of the junction of the river, Boulder and Bear creeks. Twin brothers Austin and Oscar Harmon assisted at the Two Bar Creek mill until its closure. The erection of the Two Bar Creek sawmill by Peery later helped in the establishment of the settlement of Boulder.

The year 1868 was the founding year for the settlement of Boulder. Transportation remained a problem, slowing development of the small communities that now dotted the valley. A road extension from Graham Hill Road linking the upper San Lorenzo valley with Santa Cruz through Felton was completed in May. It also marked the completion of the United States government's survey of all land not held by grants in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which was then opened for purchase and homesteading. Government surveyors divided the largely unsettled San Lorenzo Valley into claimable sections. The area of Boulder Creek occupied two 160 acre tracts. The northern half, between Harmon and Bear Creeks, was awarded to John Alcorn, Branciford's son. Loggers moved up the San Lorenzo and its tributaries removing every marketable tree that were then sold to the demanding market of the San Francisco Bay area. The lumbermen and their families moved into scattered cottages and homes around the periphery of Peery's Two Bar Creek sawmill, while a general store, livery stable, and blacksmith shop arose nearby to support the mill and its visitors. The increase in the number of families with children determined the need for a school, the first one of which was started in a small building on Alcorn's land on what is now West Park Drive.

Lumber could not be shipped over the mountains to Santa Clara Valley. Two years later in 1871, another road extension, the Saratoga Toll Road, was added from the summit at the Saratoga Gap and ran 11 mi to meet the road that ran about 4 mi above Boulder Creek. In June, the Maclay Turnpike officially opened. Alcorn erected a two-story boarding house, the Boulder Creek House. That same year, Peery was awarded a land grant and relocated his lumber mill a mile south to Lorenzo, a settlement that he laid out, which was bounded by what is now Harmon, West, South, and East Streets. With an access point to the greater San Francisco Bay Area came the establishment of a post office named Boulder Creek in 1872, with Peery becoming the first postmaster. Mail runs were limited to twice a week because it took a mail carrier two days to travel from Santa Clara to Felton.

What is now Boulder Creek was originally once two settlements: Lorenzo at the southern end of town, and Boulder was north of the current town core.

Boulder Creek served as the upper terminus of the San Lorenzo Valley Logging Flume terminating in Felton, which began construction in 1874 and, when formally opened in October 1875, was augmented by a new rail line to transport logs to the wharf in Santa Cruz. In the 1880s, this lumber town which was called Lorenzo took the name of the Boulder Creek post office that had been established in the 1870s.

Geography
Boulder Creek is located on the West Coast of the United States. The community has a total area of 7.5 sqmi, of which all is land. The community is bordered by San Mateo County to the northwest; Santa Clara County to the northeast; Big Basin Redwoods State Park to the west; and Brookdale to the south. Boulder Creek is 15 mi from Santa Cruz, 30 mi from San Jose, 70 mi from San Francisco, and 150 mi from Sacramento.

Boulder Creek sits at the north end of the San Lorenzo Valley at the confluence of San Lorenzo River and Boulder Creek within the Santa Cruz Mountains, a Level IV ecoregion designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), an area surrounded by steep, redwood- and pine- covered hills formed by the river, creek, and their tributaries. The river flows through Boulder Creek on the east and south through Brookdale, Ben Lomond, and Felton, and continues south to the City of Santa Cruz where it enters Monterey Bay. Directly across from Boulder Creek's confluence with the San Lorenzo River, Bear Creek flows into the river and creates a topographical feature known as the Turkey Foot. The Turkey Foot creates a floodplain, particularly on the western side of the river where the mountainside is less steep.

Climate
Boulder Creek has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) characteristic of California's coast, with moist, mild winters and dry summers. Located about 15 mi inland, the Boulder Creek skies can be overcast due to moisture from the Pacific Coast marine layer.

The dry period of May to October is mild to warm, with the normal monthly mean temperature peaking in August at 81.0 °F. The rainy period of November to April is slightly cooler, with the normal monthly mean temperature reaching its lowest in December at 38.0 °F. On average, there are 75 rainy days a year, and annual precipitation averages 52 in. Variation in precipitation from year to year is high, with a maximum of 112 in in 1983 and a minimum of 19 in in 1986. Above-average rain years are often associated with warm El Niño conditions in the Pacific while dry years often occur in cold water La Niña periods.

Boulder Creek falls under the USDA 9b Plant hardiness zone.

Flooding
Flooding of the San Lorenzo River, caused by a combination of high tide, storm surge, and runoff, has been known to cause extensive damage. A Santa Cruz Surf newspaper article from January 25, 1890 mentioned the San Lorenzo River being at its highest known since 1849, with Boulder Creek having received 90 in of rainfall up to that date during the 1889-90 winter season. A log jam was reported at the junction of the river and Bear Creek, with Boulder Creek being "higher than ever known". Bear Creek Bridge gave way and a cottage from the tributary Hesse Creek was carried by flood waters down to Boulder Creek, where it was stopped by rescue parties. There was one casualty. In a April 19 article of the San Francisco Examiner that same year, Boulder Creek held first place in the season's precipitation with 122.11 in of rain received.

According to a March 24 article of the Santa Cruz Morning Sentinel, the 1907 flood destroyed and swept away all five bridges within town limits that connected the eastern and western sides of Boulder Creek - Booth, Schroder, Swinging Bridge, Barker, and Grover Dam bridge.

Modern records began in 1937 with the highest river level rise recorded during the December 1955 storm from December 22 to 23. According to the Santa Cruz Sentinel-News, Boulder Creek recorded 32.42 in of rain during that storm. Within the area, Highway 9 in the vicinity of Wildwood Grove had minor undercutting of the road fill and Riverside Grove experienced principal residential damage.

During the January 1982 El Niño storm, from January 3 to 4, 12.74 in of rainfall occurred in Boulder Creek over the period of 24 hours. This generated debris flows and shallow landslides. During the El Niño winter of 1996 and 1997, higher concentrations of debris flows were observed in the area around Boulder Creek.

Fire
Fires have occurred throughout Boulder Creek's history.

Two conflagration-sized fires nearly destroyed downtown Boulder Creek and the nearby village of Lorenzo on July 17, 1891.

The CZU Lightning Complex fires started on August 16, 2020 due to a severe thunderstorm that initially started several separate fires. Due to a change in wind conditions, these separate fires merged together and rapidly spread through nearby communities, including Boulder Creek. The CZU fire incident was finally contained on September 22, after destroying a number of houses but sparing the town's historic main street.

Cityscape

California State Route 9 enters Boulder Creek from the south at River Street, bisecting the community as the Central Avenue arterial thoroughfare, before passing by Bear Creek Road to the northeast and becoming SR 9 once again. Within the community core, Route 9 connects to the southern terminus of California State Route 236 with an at-grade intersection, which provides access to the northwest of the community as Big Basin Way. Route 236 then continues westward from Boulder Creek and into Big Basin Redwoods State Park.

The community is divided into three geographical sections of unequal size: Village Core, South Village, and Outlying Village Areas.

Architecture

The architecture of Boulder Creek varies but is generally popular among tourists and locals. Many of the commercial buildings along Central Avenue are designed primarily in the Boomtown style. Historic buildings are designed primarily in the Queen Anne and a variety of Victorian styles. For examples, the designs of the McLeod House and the Stagg/Hartman House are drawn from these architectural movements. Modern and other non-classical architectural styles, such as Minimal Traditional and Ranch, are also seen throughout the community. Outside downtown Boulder Creek, architectural styles are even more varied. The former Grace Episcopal Church is designed in the Gothic Revival style.

Demographics
The 2020 United States census showed Boulder Creek's population to be 5,429, an increase of 10.3% from the 2010 census.

As of the 2020 census, the racial makeup and population of Boulder Creek included: 4,142 Whites (76.3%), 411 Multiracial Americans (7.6%), 117 Asians (2.2%), 28 African Americans (0.5%), 22 Native Americans and Alaska Natives (0.4%), 12 Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (0.3%), and 61 persons of other races (1.5%). There were 636 Hispanic or Latinos of any race (15.4%).

2010 Census data
The 2010 United States Census reported that Boulder Creek had a population of 4,923. The population density was 655.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Boulder Creek was 4,429 (90.0%) White, 54 (1.1%) African American, 31 (0.6%) Native American, 81 (1.6%) Asian, 5 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 119 (2.4%) from other races, and 204 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 366 persons (7.4%).

The Census reported that 100% of the population lived in households.

There were 2,124 households, out of which 548 (25.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 997 (46.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 176 (8.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 97 (4.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 189 (8.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 29 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 598 households (28.2%) were made up of individuals, and 129 (6.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32. There were 1,270 families (59.8% of all households); the average family size was 2.80.

The population was spread out, with 884 people (18.0%) under the age of 18, 319 people (6.5%) aged 18 to 24, 1,222 people (24.8%) aged 25 to 44, 2,066 people (42.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 432 people (8.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.

There were 2,455 housing units at an average density of 326.8 /sqmi, of which 71.6% were owner-occupied and 28.4% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.5%. 74.0% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 26.0% lived in rental housing units.

2000 Census data
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,081 people, 1,630 households, and 1,025 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 963.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,829 housing units at an average density of 431.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.25% White, 0.59% African American, 1.10% Native American, 1.72% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 2.18% from other races, and 3.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.68% of the population.

There were 1,630 households, of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $60,455, and the median income for a family was $66,037. Males had a median income of $48,125 versus $40,197 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,012. About 1.9% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.9% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The area's economy was historically based on the timber and lime industries, but now relies on tourism. As the closest community to Big Basin Redwoods State Park, Boulder Creek provides services to some of Big Basin's visitors. Many of its current residents are retirees, families and professionals who commute to nearby jobs.

Museums
The San Lorenzo Valley Museum is an educational foundation that maintains two of the area's official museums. The California Humanities and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) partially fund the Museum, and its permanent and temporary exhibits are open to the public free of charge. Its main gallery is in Boulder Creek, which is housed in the former Grace Episcopal Church, a historical landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The other location is the Faye G. Belardi Memorial Gallery in Felton.

Festivals and Street Fairs
Boulder Creek is home to several unique street festivals, parties, and parades. Most famous are the annual Fourth of July Parade, Halloween Trick-or-Treat Street, and the town tree lighting and Santa Comes to Town celebration (now called Boulder Creek Winter Festival) first weekend of December, as well as the annual Reindeer Run 5k race on Christmas Eve. First Friday Boulder Creek is a lively street vendor market that takes over the sidewalks of the historic district every first Friday of the month. Several events no longer occur: Lumberjack Days held every July; Christmas in the Redwoods in November; and Boulder Creek Art, Wine, and Music Festival, held every Memorial Day Weekend on Central Avenue for more than 20 years.

Government
Boulder Creek is an unincorporated community, a status it has held since being dis-incorporated during the 1915 session of the California State Legislature. While Boulder Creek is not governed at the municipal level, it does consist of a number of entities to support its needs. Its executive and legislative governing body is the Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors and in the county-wide elections, Boulder Creek forms part of District Five. The Board acts in place of a city council. Because of its unincorporated status, Santa Cruz County provides land use planning, parks, public works, and economic development services and regulation.

In the California State Legislature, Boulder Creek is in the 17th Senate District and previously in the 29th Assembly District. As of the 2022 redistricting, the community now falls under the 28th Assembly District.

In the United States House of Representatives, Boulder Creek was in California's 18th congressional district. As of the 2023 redistricting, the community now falls under the 19th congressional district.

Departments and agencies
Independent and semi-independent entities include the:
 * Boulder Creek Business Association
 * Boulder Creek Fire Protection District
 * Boulder Creek Recreation and Park District

Education
San Lorenzo Valley Unified School District (SLVUSD), the sole public school district in the community, operates the community's single public elementary school, Boulder Creek Elementary. In the 2021-22 school year, 445 students were enrolled in the public elementary school. From sixth to twelfth grades, Boulder Creek students attend San Lorenzo Valley Middle and High Schools, both located in Felton.

The community is also home to three private schools (PK, PK-K, 1-12), one of which is a Montessori Teacher-run pre-school, and one public charter school (K-12). Santa Cruz Public Libraries operates one neighborhood location, the Boulder Creek Branch Library.

Media
KBCZ is a non-profit, community-based radio station broadcasting, since receiving its license in June 2013, from the Boulder Creek Recreation and Park District's Visitor Center office in downtown Boulder Creek. The FCC granted extended coverage in 2021 and KBCZ now covers all of the San Lorenzo Valley, Scotts Valley, Lompico and parts of Santa Cruz.

Notable people

 * Michael Been - musician; resident
 * Pat Burrell - Major League Baseball Player
 * Aric Cushing – actor, director, author
 * Cora Evans – Catholic mystic; resident
 * Jonathan Franzen – author; resident for several years
 * Nick Herbert – physicist and author; resident
 * Christopher Hills - author; resident
 * Jordan Hubbard - FreeBSD co-founder; resident
 * Paul Locatelli - Jesuit priest and academic; born in Boulder Creek
 * Martan Mann - jazz pianist, educator, author; resident
 * Tom Pepper – Nullsoft co-founder; resident
 * Samuel H. Rambo – California State Senator; resident

title: Boulder Creek, California


text:
Capitola, California

Capitola is a small seaside town in Santa Cruz County, California. Capitola is located on the northern shores of Monterey Bay, on the Central Coast of California. The city had a population of 9,938 at the 2020 census. Capitola is a popular tourist destination, owing to its beaches and restaurants.

History

The original settlement now known as Capitola grew out of what was then called Soquel Landing. Soquel Landing got its name from a wharf located at the mouth of Soquel Creek. This wharf, which dates back to the 1850s, served as an outlet for the produce and lumber grown in the interior. In 1865, Captain John Pope Davenport, a whaleman at Monterey, moved his operations to be near the wharf. Unable to capture any whales, he moved his operations the following year to Point Año Nuevo.

In 1869, Frederick A. Hihn, who owned the property in the vicinity of the wharf, decided to develop it as a seaside resort. At first he leased the area to Samuel A. Hall and the area became known as Camp Capitola. Most authorities believe that it was Hihn who chose the name of Capitola, but they are unsure as to why he did so. Several possibilities have been asserted, one being that it was named for the heroine of The Hidden Hand, a novel by the popular author E. D. E. N. Southworth, favored by Hall's daughter Lulu. Capitola is known as the oldest beach resort on the West Coast.

In the summer of 1961 hundreds of birds attacked the town. Most of the birds were sooty shearwaters, a normally non-aggressive species that rarely comes to shore. Alfred Hitchcock was a regular visitor to nearby Santa Cruz and read about this episode. He went on to direct a film—The Birds—based on the idea of hundreds of birds attacking humans. The reason for this attack remained unknown for over 25 years until it was discovered that the birds had been affected by domoic acid, a toxin produced by red algae.

The Capitola Classic was a skateboarding event held in Capitola village in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Capitola Classic was known in skating circles for its annual downhill race, which was a head-to-head speed competition that drew top names in the sport, many local as well as international, including Santa Cruz, California local John Hutson, who held the world speed record for skateboarding at 53.45 mph and dominated the event each year. Starting in 2009 efforts were made to revive the event.

On March 24, 2011, a drainage pipe burst following heavy rains, sending a surge of water through the historic village area. Two days later cleanup operations were interrupted when the area was flooded again.

Geography

Capitola Village is located at the beach by the mouth of Soquel Creek.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.7 sqmi, of which 1.6 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (4.92%) is water.

Capitola sits on the northeast shore of Monterey Bay. Cliffs mark access to several popular beaches, including New Brighton Beach, or drop directly to the rocky shoreline of the bay. Capitola Village sits in a depression among the cliffs so that the popular tourist and shopping area leads directly to Capitola Beach. Colorful houses and hotels line the slopes of the town leading back up to the clifftops.

The historic Venetian Court sits on the beach just east of the pier and is on the Register of National Historic Places as "The first Condominium Beach Community in the United States, built in 1924".

Climate
Capitola has mild weather throughout the year, enjoying a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) characterized by cool, wet winters and warm, mostly dry summers. Due to its proximity to Monterey Bay, fog and low overcast are common during the night and morning hours, especially in the summer.

2010

2010 United States Census reported that Capitola had a population of 9,918. The population density was 5,919.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Capitola was 7,963 (80.3%) White, 123 (1.2%) African American, 59 (0.6%) Native American, 424 (4.3%) Asian, 10 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 869 (8.8%) from other races, and 470 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,957 persons (19.7%).

The Census reported that 9,770 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 25 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 123 (1.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 4,626 households, out of which 1,011 (21.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,515 (32.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 539 (11.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 232 (5.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 339 (7.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 55 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,735 households (37.5%) were made up of individuals, and 608 (13.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11. There were 2,286 families (49.4% of all households); the average family size was 2.78.

The population was spread out, with 1,643 people (16.6%) under the age of 18, 930 people (9.4%) aged 18 to 24, 2,801 people (28.2%) aged 25 to 44, 3,005 people (30.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,539 people (15.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.

There were 5,534 housing units at an average density of 3,302.7 /sqmi, of which 2,152 (46.5%) were owner-occupied, and 2,474 (53.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.8%. 4,430 people (44.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,340 people (53.8%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

U.S. census, there were 10,033 people, 4,692 households, and 2,280 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,220.2 PD/sqmi. There were 5,309 housing units at an average density of 3,291.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 83.84% White, 1.17% African American, 0.57% Native American, 4.00% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 5.53% from other races, and 4.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.63% of the population.

There were 4,692 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.1% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.4% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,048, and the median income for a family was $59,473. Males had a median income of $47,879 versus $35,444 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,609. About 2.0% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Capitola Village and Esplanade is the heart of the Capitola Retail and Tourism Hub being a draw for tourist and locals alike with a variety of boutiques and restaurants. Forty-first Avenue is the retail and business corridor for a majority of larger national and regional business serving the community as a whole. The Capitola Mall, the only enclosed regional shopping center in Santa Cruz County is slated for redevelopment into a mixed use project with increasing pressure due to the failure of the traditional mall concept.

Top employers: According to Capitola's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the principal employers in the city are:

Government
In the California State Legislature, Capitola is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Capitola is in the.

Notable people

 * Harry Hooper (1887–1974), major-league baseball player, was the postmaster in Capitola for 24 years after he retired from baseball
 * Ralph Peduto (1942–2014), actor and playwright
 * Derek Sherinian (born 1966), rock keyboardist (Alice Cooper, KISS, Dream Theater, Billy Idol), went to Capitola Elementary and Capitola Junior High School. His mother and sister still reside and own a dress store in Capitola Village.
 * Skip Spence (1946–1999), the founding member of Moby Grape and former member of The Jefferson Airplane, resided in Capitola during the latter years of his life
 * Robert Anton Wilson (1932–2007), author and philosopher

title: Capitola, California


text:
Corralitos, California

Corralitos (Spanish for "Small pens") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. It is a rural area known for its agriculture of apples and strawberries, and its notable Corralitos Market and Sausage Co. Moreover, its location near the Pacific Ocean optimizes viticulture.

The population was 2,326 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Corralitos is located at 36.99139°N, -121.80194°W (36.991303, -121.802013). It is located on Corralitos Creek, a tributary of Salsipuedes Creek which is in turn the lowest tributary of the Pajaro River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.0 sqmi, of which, 9.0 sqmi of it is land and 0.16% is water.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Corralitos had a population of 2,326. The population density was 258.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Corralitos was 1,980 (85.1%) White, 16 (0.7%) African American, 12 (0.5%) Native American, 48 (2.1%) Asian, 190 (8.2%) from other races, and 79 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 532 persons (22.9%).

The Census reported that 99.7% of the population lived in households and 0.3% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 829 households, out of which 257 (31.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 511 (61.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 62 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 42 (5.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 51 (6.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 150 households (18.1%) were made up of individuals, and 65 (7.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80. There were 615 families (74.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.09.

The population was spread out, with 504 people (21.7%) under the age of 18, 174 people (7.5%) aged 18 to 24, 482 people (20.7%) aged 25 to 44, 829 people (35.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 337 people (14.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.

There were 888 housing units at an average density of 98.7 /sqmi, of which 73.9% were owner-occupied and 26.1% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.3%. 74.5% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 25.2% lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,431 people, 815 households, and 621 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 270.0 PD/sqmi. There were 846 housing units at an average density of 94.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.61% White, 0.16% African American, 0.95% Native American, 2.30% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 10.98% from other races, and 3.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.13% of the population.

There were 815 households, out of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 16.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $70,781, and the median income for a family was $80,626. Males had a median income of $44,750 versus $31,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,572. About 1.0% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Corralitos is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Corralitos is in.

title: Corralitos, California


text:
Day Valley, California

Day Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. The population was 3,409 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Day Valley is located at 37.00889°N, -121.85667°W (37.008820, -121.856544).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 18.8 sqmi, most of which is forest and meadows, with a creek at the crossroads of Valencia Rd. and Day Valley Rd.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Day Valley had a population of 3,409. The population density was 181.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Day Valley was 2,898 (85.0%) White, 20 (0.6%) African American, 23 (0.7%) Native American, 85 (2.5%) Asian, 4 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 208 (6.1%) from other races, and 171 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 470 persons (13.8%).

The Census reported that 3,387 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 17 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 5 (0.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,280 households, out of which 401 (31.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 806 (63.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 93 (7.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 47 (3.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 73 (5.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 14 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 236 households (18.4%) were made up of individuals, and 93 (7.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65. There were 946 families (73.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.99.

The population was spread out, with 682 people (20.0%) under the age of 18, 261 people (7.7%) aged 18 to 24, 623 people (18.3%) aged 25 to 44, 1,285 people (37.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 558 people (16.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

There were 1,366 housing units at an average density of 72.6 /sqmi, of which 1,007 (78.7%) were owner-occupied, and 273 (21.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.8%. 2,676 people (78.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 711 people (20.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,587 people, 1,283 households, and 946 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 188.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,346 housing units at an average density of 70.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.37% White, 0.64% African American, 1.14% Native American, 1.67% Asian, 6.83% from other races, and 3.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.47% of the population.

There were 1,283 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 33.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $72,438, and the median income for a family was $78,310. Males had a median income of $61,615 versus $43,854 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,694. About 2.0% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Day Valley is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Day Valley is in.

Local history
Many early settlers to Day Valley (including some members of the Day and Cox families) are buried in a small cemetery in the Forest and Meadows neighborhood, at the corner of Meadow Road and Downing Drive. Cox Road and Day Valley Road are named after these families.

title: Day Valley, California


text:
Felton, California

Felton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. The population was 4,489 as of 2020 census and according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.6 sqmi, all of it land.

History
Felton is part of the traditional territory of the Sayant, an Awaswas-speaking group considered part of the Ohlone people. Most of the Sayant were sent to Mission Santa Cruz and the area of the San Lorenzo Valley remained unpopulated except for occasional travelers. In 1833, Rancho Zayante was established at the confluence of the San Lorenzo River and Zayante Creek and granted to Joaquín Buelna. The rancho subsequently passed to Francisco Moss in 1839, then Joseph L. Majors on April 22, 1841. Majors acquired it on behalf of Isaac Graham, who operated a lumber mill on the property.

In the aftermath of California statehood in 1850, the California Gold Rush expanded outward, eventually reaching the San Lorenzo Valley. Gold was struck along western tributaries of the San Lorenzo River such as Gold Gulch. These miners, combined with lumbermen and their families, began a community known in early days as "San Lorenzo." After Graham died in 1863, his lawyer Edward Stanly oversaw the subdivision of his estate. In 1868, he hired Horace Gushee to subdivide the property and Frederick A. Hihn to promote it. Gushee was a director of the failed San Lorenzo Railroad scheme and planned to make the community into the terminus for the railroad. In 1868, he or Stanly named the town Felton, probably after former Oakland mayor John B. Felton, who may have been an investor.

Although the railroad was never built, Felton continued to grow as a town focused on the lumber, lime, and mining industries. In 1875, it became the southern terminus of the San Lorenzo Valley Logging Flume from Boulder Creek, and the northern terminus of the Santa Cruz and Felton Railroad to Santa Cruz. and when formally opened in October 1875 was augmented by a new rail line to transport logs to the wharf in Santa Cruz. To enable it to negotiate on better terms with the South Pacific Coast Railroad, Felton was incorporated as a town by the Legislature on March 8, 1878. This gamble did not pay off and the new railroad established a depot across the San Lorenzo River at a site nicknamed "New Felton" by locals. In 1917, Felton was disincorporated, relinquishing corporate responsibilities to the county of Santa Cruz.

In 1927, the Felton community of Lompico, California, was established.

In 1963, the steam-powered Roaring Camp Railroad began tourist operations on the Big Trees Ranch out of the Old Felton Depot. The company later constructed a replica logging camp and another depot farther down the property, and in 1985, took over operations on the old SPC/Southern Pacific standard gauge line to Santa Cruz. Roaring Camp is a re-creation of an 1880s logging camp and home to the original South Pacific Coast (later Southern Pacific) Felton depot and freight shed, as well as two unique railroads — the Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad, a steam-powered line up Bear Mountain, and the Santa Cruz, Big Trees and Pacific Railway.

Felton is home to the Felton Covered Bridge, an 80-foot-long covered bridge over the San Lorenzo River built in 1892 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

The Trout Farm Inn was located in Felton. It burned down on June 5, 2016. It reopened in 2022.

The local high school is San Lorenzo Valley High School. The 2007 boys basketball team won the only Boys Basketball SCCAL Championship in school history. Led by five players who all went to elementary school at the now closed Quail Hollow School. Scott Krueger, Josh Payne, Kyle Morris, Clint Gorman and Taylor West were known as the “Quail Hollow 5.” Their success was helped by the students who would regularly attend their games and called themselves, “The Red Sea.”

On August 20, 2020 at 8:00 AM Pacific Time, due to the CZU Lightning Incident fires of 2020, Felton was ordered to evacuate by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Felton had a population of 4,057. The population density was 891.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Felton was 3,691 (91.0%) White, 25 (0.6%) African American, 29 (0.7%) Native American, 69 (1.7%) Asian, 11 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 60 (1.5%) from other races, and 172 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 283 persons (7.0%).

The Census reported that 99.4% of the population lived in households and 0.6% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 1,700 households, out of which 450 (26.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 795 (46.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 124 (7.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 69 (4.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 154 (9.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 27 (1.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 474 households (27.9%) were made up of individuals, and 130 (7.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37. There were 988 families (58.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.89.

The population was spread out, with 738 people (18.2%) under the age of 18, 300 people (7.4%) aged 18 to 24, 1,048 people (25.8%) aged 25 to 44, 1,560 people (38.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 411 people (10.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males.

There were 1,895 housing units at an average density of 416.3 /sqmi, of which 69.5% were owner-occupied and 30.5% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.0%. 72.8% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 26.6% lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,051 people and 517 households in the CDP. The population density was 1,133.0 PD/sqmi. There were 173 housing units at an average density of 189.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.58% White, 0.67% African American, 0.57% Native American, 1.43% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 3.33% from other races, and 3.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.14% of the population.

There were 393 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $48,102, and the median income for a family was $55,625. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $26,346 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,488. About 8.3% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Felton is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Felton is in.

Economy
A Graniterock quarry is located in Felton. As well as a Granite Construction Quarry and Asphalt Plant

title: Felton, California