text:
Ashford, New York

Ashford is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,974 at the 2020 census. The town is on the county's northern border.

History
The town was first settled circa 1816, and was founded in 1824 from Ellicottville by Henry Frank Sr., a Revolutionary War veteran from Philadelphia.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 134.4 km2, of which 134.0 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.32%, is water.

The north boundary is formed by Cattaraugus Creek, and the north town line is the border of Erie County.

New York State Route 240, a north-south route in the eastern part of the town, links the town to the suburbs of Buffalo, as does U.S. Route 219 in the western part of the town.

Adjacent towns and areas
The northern border is formed with the towns of Concord and Sardinia in Erie County, and the south border is created by the towns of Ellicottville and East Otto. To the west is the town of East Otto. The east boundary is formed by the towns of Machias and Yorkshire.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,223 people, 857 households, and 634 families residing in the town. The population density was 43.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,023 housing units at an average density of 19.9 per square mile (7.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.99% White, 1.53% African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 857 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.7% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,313, and the median income for a family was $44,509. Males had a median income of $32,392 versus $21,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,136. About 4.0% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Ashford

 * Ashford Hollow – A hamlet in the southwest part of the town on U.S. Route 219.
 * Beaver Siding – A location in the southeast corner of the town, located on County Road 60 and south of West Valley.
 * Bellow Corners – A hamlet east of Ashford Hollow, located on County Road 85.
 * Buttermilk Creek – A tributary of Cattaraugus Creek in the north part of the town.
 * Edies Siding – A hamlet in the northwest corner of the town by Cattaraugus Creek.
 * Fox – A hamlet near the center of the town, east of Ashford Hollow.
 * Riceville (also called "East Ashford") – A hamlet near the east town line on County Road 55.
 * Riceville Station – A location west of Riceville on Route 240.
 * Scoby Power Plant and Dam – A former hydroelectric dam along Cattaraugus Creek on the northern border of the town.
 * Thomas Corners – A hamlet in the northeast part of the town on Route 240.
 * West Valley – A hamlet and census-designated place in the southeast part of the town at the junction of Routes 53 and 240.
 * West Valley Demonstration Project – A United States Department of Energy nuclear processing station.

Notable people

 * Emor L. Calkins (1853-1933), temperance leader

title: Ashford, New York


text:
Carrollton, New York

Carrollton is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,214 at the 2020 census. The town was named after Guy Carrollton Irvine, an early settler of the region.

Carrollton is on the south border of Cattaraugus County. It is southeast of the city of Salamanca.

History
The town was first settled circa 1822. The Town of Carrollton was formed on March 9, 1842, from the town of Great Valley.

In 1877, the community of Limestone set itself off from the town by incorporating as a village. In 2011, this community reverted to being a hamlet within the town because voters agreed to dissolve the village in 2009.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 109.66 km2, of which 109.55 km2 is land and 0.11 sqkm, or 0.14%, is water.

The Allegheny River flows through the northern portion of the town, from southeast to northwest. Tunungwant Creek (also known as "Tuna Creek" for short) flows south to north through the middle of the town, joining with the Allegheny near Riverside Junction. The south town line is the border of McKean County, Pennsylvania.

The Southern Tier Expressway (combined Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) cross the north part of the town, and U.S. Route 219 passes north-south through the town, joining New York State Route 417 north of the Allegheny River.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Great Valley [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Allegany [[Image:Boxed East arrow.svg]]
 * Foster Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Red House [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,410 people, 553 households, and 383 families residing in the town. The population density was 33.3 PD/sqmi. There were 639 housing units at an average density of 15.1 per square mile (5.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.82% White, 1.56% African American, 1.56% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population.

There were 553 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,290, and the median income for a family was $40,313. Males had a median income of $28,854 versus $19,861 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,678. About 9.9% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Frederic Palen Schoonmaker, former US federal judge, born in Limestone

Communities and locations in the Town of Carrollton

 * Allegany Reservation – A reservation of the Iroquois is partially in the northern section of the town.
 * Allegany State Park – A part of this park in the western section of the town.
 * Carrollton – The hamlet of Carrollton, formerly a station on the Erie Railroad is in the northwest part of the town on a side road, off Routes 219 and 417. The community developed at the junction of two rail lines. The hamlet consists entirely of residences (and one deconsecrated church) and has no businesses.
 * Irvine Mills – A hamlet south of Seneca Junction and north of Limestone on US Route 219.
 * Limestone – The former village of Limestone, now a census-designated place, is in the south part of the town on US Route 219.
 * Mount Irvine – A small mountain peak, elevation 2324 ft, west of Irvine Mills.
 * New Ireland – A ghost town located west of Limestone. Now surrounded by Allegany State Park, it was settled by Irish immigrants during the Great Famine of the 1840s and abandoned during the Great Depression when its founders' descendants became involved in the petroleum industry and moved west.
 * Riverside Junction – A hamlet west of Route 219 by the Allegheny River.
 * Seneca Junction (sometimes "Allegany Junction" or "Bradford Junction") – A hamlet at the junction of Routes 219 and 417, near Interstate 86 exit 23.
 * South Carrollton – A hamlet on Routes 219 and 417 south of Carrollton.
 * South Vandalia – A hamlet near the east town line on County Road 30.
 * Tuna – A former community in the town.
 * Vandalia – A hamlet on the east town line on Route 417. The eastern gateway to the Allegany Reservation, the hamlet has many native businesses selling gasoline and cigarettes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Carrollton, New York


text:
Cattaraugus, New York

Cattaraugus is a village in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 996 at the 2020 census. The village lies in the northeast part of the town of New Albion, north of Salamanca.

History
In 1828, the brothers Calvin and Arad Rich settled in the hills surrounding the area. Cattaraugus developed most after the arrival of the Erie Railroad in 1851. Shortly after, the village became a boomtown growing to 1,500 inhabitants and even being visited by US President Millard Fillmore. By 1860 the township boasted 305 dwellings, 1557 oxen, 383 horses, and 8 school districts with 649 children in school. In the same year, it is well documented Abraham Lincoln had come to visit. Other prominent visitors include US Presidents Teddy Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt. As well as Mark Twain who then named his housecat “Cattaraugus"  The village was incorporated in 1882. Its name derives from Cattaraugus Creek.

The Cattaraugus Village Commercial Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Geography
Cattaraugus is located in the northern part of the town of New Albion at 42.33°N, -78.86556°W (42.330044, -78.865673).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.9 km2, all land.

NY Route 353 and Skinner Hollow pass through the village. Cattaraugus County Route 12 (which follows the briefly designated NY 264 of the 1930s), the only county route in the county to enter a village, enters the village from the northeast and terminates within the village. The village is built primarily on a hillside; the southwestern portion of the village (around Route 353) is on the highest ground, while a series of side streets run downhill from Route 353 heading northeast. Only two of the village's streets run uphill from Route 353: Rumsey Street (the easternmost tip of Waite Hollow Road) on the village's southern boundary and West Street at the peak of the hill.

Since 2013, the Seneca Transit System has provided public bus service to the village.

The New York and Lake Erie Railroad terminates at a Setterstix plant in Cattaraugus after the portion of the railway southeast of Cattaraugus was decommissioned in the early 1990s. The rail service has been disrupted by floods and landslides since the late 2000s. The right-of-way of the portion heading southeast from Cattaraugus is now the Pat McGee Trail, which was established in 2005.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,075 people, 437 households, and 281 families residing in the village. The population density was 959.6 PD/sqmi. There were 485 housing units at an average density of 432.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.51% White, 0.56% Native American, 0.28% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.40% of the population.

There were 437 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,664, and the median income for a family was $35,417. Males had a median income of $27,434 versus $19,833 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,605. About 7.4% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The Cattaraugus-Little Valley Central School is the largest employer in the village. The school's only active campus is located at the former Cattaraugus Central School building in the northeast corner of the village on County Route 12; it was constructed in 1954 as a high school, then expanded in 1991 for an elementary school wing and again in 2011 to accommodate added students from the takeover of Little Valley Central School. A former elementary school, abandoned since 1992, is in the center of the village.

Industry is a significant portion of the Cattaraugus economy, and two factories (one for the Chester-Jensen company and the other for lollipop stick manufacturer Setterstix) are located in the village; a third, Frank Ralphs (which manufactures composite panels), is located just south of the village line. Outside of that, Cattaraugus's economy mostly capitalizes on its location far away from most major municipalities (the nearest city of more than 10,000 is more than 20 mi away in any direction). The only national franchise in Cattaraugus is a Dollar General, which opened in 2010. Other businesses include the Bank of Cattaraugus (founded 1882, considered the first bank in the region), P & C Gas Measurement Service, a Brooks Market grocery store (now closed), Jenny Lee Country Store (now known as "The Feed Mill"), Pritchard's Hardware, and the Corner Drug Store pharmacy. The village's only automobile dealership, Illig Chevrolet Pontiac, closed in 2008 as a result of the General Motors bankruptcy.

Notable people

 * William Buffington Jr., former member of the New York State Assembly
 * Alexander Chambers, Union general in American Civil War
 * John P. Darling, former New York state senator
 * Clarence B. Farrar, influential psychiatrist
 * Ezra F. Kysor, architect
 * Joel H. Lyman, Medal of Honor recipient
 * Samuel Allen Rice, colonel in the 33rd regiment of Iowa during the American Civil War
 * Peter Linebaugh, radical historian, teacher, and author

title: Cattaraugus, New York


text:
Coldspring, New York

Coldspring is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 661. It is located in the southwest part of the county, west of the city of Salamanca.

History
The first settler arrived circa 1818. The Town of Coldspring was established in 1837 from a part of the town of Napoli. In 1847 and 1848, part of the town was added to the town of South Valley.

In 1965, the town of Coldspring voted 45–0 to annex the former town of Elko (also known as Quaker Bridge) after it was flooded in the Allegheny Reservoir and dissolved. Elko had been formed in 1890 from part of the town of South Valley and is now the south part of Coldspring. Elko had first been settled by Quakers, acting as missionaries to the local natives in 1798 at the invitation of Cornplanter, a local Seneca diplomat. It currently has no permanent population, as virtually all of Elko's territory is now either under the reservoir or within the bounds of Allegany State Park. The absorption of Elko and relocation of former residents in the Reservoir's floodplain (including a 160-acre resettlement area for the Seneca) helped boost the town's population.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Coldspring has a total area of 134.7 km2, of which 133.3 km2 is land and 1.4 km2, or 1.06%, is water.

The south town line is the boundary of Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny River, impounded as the Allegheny Reservoir, divides the town into northern and southern sections. Mount Tuscarora rises in the southern part of the town within Allegany State Park.

New York State Route 394 and Interstate 86 pass through the town.

Adjacent towns and areas
To the north is the town of Napoli. Coldspring shares its western border with the towns of South Valley and Randolph. The east border is formed by the towns of Salamanca and Red House. Corydon Township in McKean County, Pennsylvania, is at the south town line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 751 people, 278 households, and 205 families residing in the town. The population density was 14.6 people per square mile (5.6/km2). There were 371 housing units at an average density of 7.2 per square mile (2.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.20% White, 0.27% African American, 1.60% Native American, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.

There were 278 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,063, and the median income for a family was $35,938. Males had a median income of $29,479 versus $16,458 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,568. About 10.2% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Coldspring

 * Allegany Reservation – A reservation of the Iroquois that cuts across the center of the town, on either side of the Allegheny River. The territory within Coldspring is designated in the Seneca language as jonegano:h or tsyo:nekano:h depending on the transcription system; the name is used along I-86 as the Seneca name for the town of Coldspring, the community of Steamburg, and the Cold Spring Creek.
 * Allegheny Reservoir – An artificial lake created by a dam on the Allegheny River.
 * Allegany State Park – A section of the park is in the southeast part of the town.
 * Coldspring – A hamlet by the Allegheny Reservoir. Mostly abandoned in the construction of Kinzua Dam.
 * Price Corners – A hamlet at the junction of County Road 9 and Route 394 by the western town line.
 * Quaker Bridge – A hamlet at the junction of NY 280 and modern Allegany State Park Route 3. Abandoned in the construction of Kinzua Dam and mostly underwater.
 * Quaker Lake – A lake located south of the hamlet of Coldspring.
 * Randolph State Fish Hatchery – A location in the northwest part of the town.
 * Sawmill Run – A hamlet partially in the northeastern corner of the town, with the rest in the neighboring Town of Salamanca.
 * Steamburg – A hamlet located near the center of the town on NY Route 394 and north of Interstate 86. Steamburg is the major community in the town and the seat of the town government.
 * Steamburg Resettlement Area – A location south of Steamburg, within the reservation bounds.
 * Underwood Corners – A point at the intersection of County Routes 10 and 39, north of Steamburg.

title: Coldspring, New York


text:
Conewango, New York

Conewango is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,794 at the 2020 census. The town is named after a creek which flows through the town.

The town is on the west border of the county and is northeast of Jamestown.

History
The name is supposed to mean "walking slowly" in the native language, related to the slow-moving creek. The area of the town was first settled circa 1816. The Town of Conewango was established in 1823 from a part of the town of Little Valley. In 1826, part of Conewango was used to form the town of Randolph, and another part was used in 1832 to make the town of Leon.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.59 km2, of which 93.54 km2 is land and 0.06 sqkm, or 0.06%, is water.

The west town line is the border of Chautauqua County.

Conewango Creek flows through the town, exiting near the southwest corner.

U.S. Route 62 and New York State Route 241 pass through the town. New York State Route 394 crosses the southeast corner.

Adjacent towns and areas
The town of Ellington in Chautauqua County is to the west. The town of Randolph is to the south, and the town of Leon is to the north. The east border is formed with the town of Napoli.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,732 people, 509 households, and 403 families residing in the town. The population density was 47.9 PD/sqmi. There were 602 housing units at an average density of 16.7 per square mile (6.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.09% White, 0.17% African American, 0.81% Native American, 0.17% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.

There were 509 households, out of which 43.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.0% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.40 and the average family size was 3.86.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 40.1% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,491, and the median income for a family was $36,719. Males had a median income of $31,435 versus $20,417 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,667. About 16.5% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.4% of those under age 18 and 15.0% of those age 65 or over.

Much of the county's sizable Amish population resides in Conewango.

Notable people

 * Leigh G. Kirkland, former New York state senator
 * Bill Rexford, 1950 NASCAR Grand National Champion
 * Josh Roth, former National Football League and NFL Europe player. Voted as one of the "Best of the Best" for small school football players in Western New York from 1984 to 2013 and All-Western NY while at Pine Valley Central School, where he led the team to 2 Sectional titles as a fullback and linebacker. Played college football at the University of Buffalo from 1996 to 1999, rushing for 1,325 yards and 11 touchdowns.

Communities and locations in Conewango

 * Axeville – A hamlet in the northeast corner of the town on County Road 40. An early settler was an axe maker.
 * Clear Creek – A hamlet on the west town line, southwest of Conewango village and south of Conewango Valley.
 * Conewango – The hamlet of Conewango, a former station on the Erie Railroad, is in the northwest part of the town on U.S. Route 62, NY Route 241, and County Road 40.
 * Conewango Creek – The principal stream in the region, primarily in Chautauqua County. The name means "walking slowly".
 * Conewango Swamp Wildlife Management Area – A conservation tract in the southeast part of the town.
 * Conewango Valley – A hamlet straddling the county line, west of Conewango village on Route 62. Conewango Valley is the site of the town's post office, which merged with its Chautauqua County counterpart in the 1960s.
 * East Randolph – Part of the hamlet (former village) of East Randolph is in the southeast part of the town at NY Route 394 and County Road 7.
 * Elm Creek – A former community by the east town line on the stream Elk Creek.
 * Pope – A location in the center of the town on Route 241.
 * Rutledge – a former community in the southwestern part of the town.

title: Conewango, New York


text:
Dayton, New York

Dayton is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,689 at the 2020 census. The town is on the western border of Cattaraugus County.

History
The first settlers arrived circa 1810, believing they were settling in Chautauqua County. The Town of Dayton was founded in 1835, formed from the town of Perrysburg.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Dayton has a total area of 93.6 km2, of which 92.0 km2 is land and 1.6 km2, or 1.71%, is water.

Dayton is bordered by the town of Perrysburg to the north and the town of Persia to the east. The town of Leon is to the south, and Dayton's west town line is the border of the town of Villenova in Chautauqua County.

New York State Route 353 ends in the town; U.S. Route 62 passes through the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,945 people, 749 households, and 524 families residing in the town. The population density was 54.4 PD/sqmi. There were 836 housing units at an average density of 23.4 per square mile (9.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.17% White, 0.41% African American, 1.13% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.

There were 749 households, out of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,607, and the median income for a family was $37,917. Males had a median income of $28,485 versus $24,830 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,355. About 9.1% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Dayton

 * Conewango Creek – A stream in the western part of the town that flows into Chautauqua County and Pennsylvania.
 * Cottage – A hamlet by the northwest corner of the town on County Road 2.
 * Dayton – The hamlet of Dayton, formerly a station on the Erie Railroad, is on U.S. Route 62 in the northeast corner of the town.
 * Dexter Corners – A location east of South Dayton at the junction of US Route 62 and NY Route 353.
 * East Leon – A hamlet by the south town line on County Road 5, south of Wesley. Historically known as Sociality.
 * Judd Corners – A hamlet by the eastern town line on NY Route 353.
 * Markhams – A hamlet by the northeast corner of the town, southwest of Dayton village on US Route 62.
 * Meyers Corners – A hamlet by the south town line on US Route 62.
 * Skunks Corners – A location on the western town line, west of South Dayton.
 * South Dayton – The village of South Dayton is located in the southwest corner of the town.
 * South Dayton Airport – A small airport east of South Dayton.
 * Wesley – A hamlet by the eastern town line on NY Route 353.

Notable people

 * Norman M. Allen, former New York state senator
 * Frank L. Bacon, Wisconsin State Assemblyman, businessman, and farmer

title: Dayton, New York


text:
Delevan, New York

Delevan is a village in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,064 at the 2020 census. The village is within the town of Yorkshire

History
The first lot was cleared circa 1821. The name of the area was changed from Yorkshire Center to Delevan in 1892. The village was incorporated in 1915.

Geography
Delevan is located in northeastern Cattaraugus County in the east-central part of the town of Yorkshire at 42.48333°N, -78.48333°W (42.4896, -78.4798).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.57 km2, all land. New York State Route 16 passes through the village. Cattaraugus County Routes 20, 21 and 73 terminate at the village limits.

Yorkshire is north of the community of Lime Lake and south of the community of Yorkshire. Elton Creek joins Lime Lake Outlet west of the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,089 people, 436 households, and 279 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,113.0 PD/sqmi. There were 470 housing units at an average density of 480.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.26% White, 0.18% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 436 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,654, and the median income for a family was $42,039. Males had a median income of $32,037 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,667. About 11.2% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.3% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Rusty Dedrick, trumpeter, composer
 * The Free Design, pop music group (1967-1972)
 * Frank Isbell, Major League Baseball player for 1906 World Series champion Chicago White Sox
 * Charles Newton, firearms inventor

title: Delevan, New York


text:
East Otto, New York

East Otto is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 977 at the 2020 census. The town, along with neighboring Otto, is named after an agent of the Holland Land Company, Jacob Otto. The town of East Otto is on the northern border of the county.

History
The town of East Otto was founded in 1854. As its name implies, the town was formed from the eastern half of the town of Otto, which at the time covered most of the north-central portion of the county. East Otto was one of the last towns to be formed in Cattaraugus County.

The East Otto Union School, which was constructed in 1920 and now serves as a town hall, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 104.6 km2, of which 103.8 km2 is land and 0.8 km2, or 0.81%, is water.

The north town line is marked by Cattaraugus Creek and is the border of Erie County.

Cattaraugus County Route 12 is the primary highway through the area, heading westward toward Otto and northward to U.S. Route 219 in Ashford. Cattaraugus County Route 14 (Reed Hill Road) heads southward toward Little Valley, while Cattaraugus County Route 75 (Plato Road) travels east/southeast to US 219 along a more southerly route. Routes 12, 14, and 75 converge at the hamlet of East Otto.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,105 people, 412 households, and 285 families residing in the town. The population density was 26.8 PD/sqmi. There were 545 housing units at an average density of 13.2 per square mile (5.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.37% White, 0.45% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population.

There were 412 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $42,917. Males had a median income of $31,917 versus $20,795 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,607. About 10.2% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in East Otto

 * Allegany Mountain Resort at Rainbow Lake – A seasonal community and campground in the southeast part of the town.
 * Brooklyn – A hamlet on Route 12 in the north-central part of the town, and north of East Otto village.
 * East Otto – The hamlet of East Otto at the junction of County Roads 12, 14, and 75 is in the south-central part of the town on East Otto Creek.
 * Edies Siding – A hamlet in the northeast corner of the town by Cattaraugus Creek.
 * Griffis Sculpture Park – An outdoor sculpture park on Mill Valley Road.
 * Plato – A hamlet at the south town line.
 * Whiteford Hollow – A hamlet southeast of Brooklyn.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Collins; Concord [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Ashford; Ellicottville [[Image:Boxed East arrow.svg]]
 * Mansfield [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Otto [[Image:West.svg]]

Notable people

 * Benjamin F. Rice, former US senator from Arkansas
 * Gilbert A. Pierce, eight governor of Dakota Territory

title: East Otto, New York


text:
East Randolph, New York

East Randolph is a hamlet, census-designated place, and former village in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 620 at the 2010 census. East Randolph is adjacent to the northeast part of the former village of Randolph and is mostly within the town of Randolph, with a small part inside the town of Conewango. Their area code is 716.

History
The first business opened in 1826, and a post office was opened in 1850.

The village of East Randolph was incorporated in 1881. On March 16, 2010, referendums were held in both the village of Randolph and East Randolph to dissolve each entity into a hamlet within the town of Randolph (with the northernmost portion of East Randolph being absorbed by the town of Conewango). Both referendums passed; as such, the village of East Randolph ceased to exist after December 31, 2011. At the time of the village's dissolution, the mayor was current Cattaraugus County legislator Howard Van Rensselaer.

East Randolph's post office was officially closed in 2017.

Geography
East Randolph is located at 42.17167°N, -78.94861°W (42.171684, -78.948701).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.8 km2, all land.

The hamlet is located on NY Route 394. NY Route 242 and County Road 7 enter the village from the east.

Elm Creek, a tributary of Little Conewango Creek and part of the Allegheny River watershed, flows through the village. Stilson Pond is a small body of water east of the village.

Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 630 people, 198 households, and 154 families residing in the village. The population density was 577.8 PD/sqmi. There were 213 housing units at an average density of 195.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 92.86% White, 3.49% African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.95% Asian, 0.48% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.

There were 198 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 47 living with them, 59.1% are married living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 37.8% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $42,292, and the median income for a family was $45,703. Males had a median income of $32,321 versus $17,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,571. About 6.3% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: East Randolph, New York


text:
Centurion (disambiguation)

A centurion was a professional officer of the Roman army.

Centurion may also refer to:

Places

 * Centurion, South Africa
 * Centurion (Gautrain station)
 * Centurion Bank, a submerged atoll southeast of Chagos Archipelago
 * Centuriones, a historical name of El-Kentour, Algeria
 * The Centurion, Bath, a public house

Film and television

 * The Centurion (film), a 1961 historical drama film
 * Centurions (TV series), a 1986 science fiction animated television series
 * Centurion (film), a 2010 historical thriller directed by Neil Marshall

Games and toys

 * Centurion: Defender of Rome, a computer game
 * Centurion, a 2013 Nerf Blaster released under the N-Strike Elite Mega series

Literature

 * Centurion (novel), a 2007 novel by Simon Scarrow
 * Éditions du Centurion, a French publishing house
 * The Centurions (Hunter novel), a 1981 American novel by Damion Hunter
 * The Centurions (Lartéguy novel), a 1960 French novel by Jean Lartéguy
 * The Centurion, a 1989 novel by Jan de Hartog
 * Centurion (magazine), a lifestyle magazine published by American Express
 * The Centurion (magazine), a conservative magazine focused on Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey

Music

 * The Centurians, an American surf rock band, aka Centurions

Military equipment

 * Centurion (tank), a British battle tank
 * HMS Centurion, the name of several ships and a shore base of the British Royal Navy
 * Centurion C-RAM (counter rocket, artillery, and mortar), a land-based version of the naval Phalanx CIWS (close-in weapon system)

Plants

 * Centurion, a California wine grape; see
 * Centurion (tree), the tallest eucalyptus in the world, 99.6 metres high

Sport

 * Centurion (racewalking) a racewalking competition over 100 miles to be completed within 24 hours
 * Centurion Park, a South African cricket ground
 * A batter who has scored a hundred runs in a single inning of a cricket match
 * Centurions, an expansion team of ACT Gridiron, Canberra, Australia
 * Leigh Centurions, the former name of English rugby league club Leigh Leopards
 * A disc golf fairway driver by Infinite Discs
 * Centurions, a nickname for the 2017–18 Manchester City F.C. team

Transportation

 * NASA Centurion, aircraft
 * Centurion (bicycle company), manufacturer in Japan
 * Buick Centurion, car built by General Motors
 * Centurion Air Cargo, an airline
 * Thielert Centurion, German series of aircraft engines
 * Cessna 210 Centurion, aircraft

People

 * Diego Centurión, Paraguayan footballer
 * El Centurión, stage name of wrestler Konnan
 * Emanuel Centurión, Argentine footballer
 * Ezequiel Centurión, Argentine footballer
 * Feliciano Centurión, Paraguayan visual artist
 * Germán Centurión, Paraguayan footballer
 * Guillermo Centurión, Uruguayan footballer
 * Hugo Pablo Centurión, Argentine footballer
 * Iván Centurión, Argentine footballer
 * Juan Crisóstomo Centurión, Paraguayan military officer
 * Juan José Gómez Centurión, Argentinian politician
 * Pablo Centurión, Paraguayan footballer
 * Paulo Centurión, Argentine footballer
 * Ramón Centurión, Argentine footballer
 * Ricardo Centurión, Argentine footballer
 * Roque Centurión Miranda, Paraguayan playwright and theater director
 * Víctor Centurión, Paraguayan footballer

Other uses

 * Centurion (organization), U.S. non-profit organization
 * Centurion Card, an American Express charge card
 * Statgraphics Centurion XV, statistical software

title: Centurion (disambiguation)


text:
Farmersville, New York

Farmersville is a town located in the eastern border of Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,081 at the 2020 census.

History
The area was first settled circa 1805, but no permanent settlement was made until approximately 1817. Farmersville became a town in 1821 from part of the "Town of Ischua" (now Franklinville).

The town gained notoriety because of the "Farmersville Garbage Scandal" during the 2000 New York State senatorial race between Rudy Giuliani (who later dropped out in favor of Rick Lazio) and Hillary Clinton. Giuliani had made a statement during a campaign press conference that any community that wanted to refuse taking garbage from New York City was free to do so. The town, eager to get out of a contract that they believed was harmful to them, took Giuliani up on his offer. Giuliani then claimed that he never made the statement and threatened the town with legal action in retaliation. The area where the landfill would have been placed has been the subject of significant controversy and numerous failed attempts to sell the property (Cattaraugus County, owners of the site, have put the parcel of land up for auction at its property auction every year, but the county's insistence on numerous restrictions on the land and its refusal to lower its minimum asking price have ensured it has gone unsold every year) since that time.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 124.2 km2, of which 123.9 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.29%, is water.

Farmersville is located in northeastern Cattaraugus County. The eastern town line is the border of Allegany County.

New York State Route 16, New York State Route 98, and New York State Route 243 pass through the town.

Adjacent towns and areas
Farmersville is south of the town of Freedom and north of the towns of Lyndon and Franklinville. The east town line is shared with the town of Rushford in Allegany County. To the west is the town of Machias.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,028 people, 389 households, and 282 families residing in the town. The population density was 21.5 people per square mile (8.3/km2). There were 656 housing units at an average density of 13.7 per square mile (5.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.32% White, 0.19% African American, 0.29% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.

There were 389 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,813, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $31,389 versus $22,137 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,291. About 6.8% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Hiram Bond, investor
 * Lucy Salisbury Doolittle (1832-1908), philanthropist

Communities and locations in Farmersville

 * Fairview – A hamlet in the northeast corner of the town on NY Route 243. It is partly in Allegany County.
 * Farmersville – The hamlet of Farmersville is on NY Route 98 near the middle of the town. It was first settled around 1817.
 * Farmersville Station – A hamlet on Route 243 near the northern town line.
 * Hardy Corners – A hamlet on County Road 46 at the eastern town line.
 * Laidlaw – A hamlet northwest of Farmersville, located on County Road 80.

title: Farmersville, New York


text:
Freedom, New York

Freedom is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 2,244 at the 2021 census. The town is in the northeast corner of Cattaraugus County.

History
The first settlers arrived in December 1811. Historians have found no specific reason why the town was named Freedom. The Town of Freedom was founded in 1820, composed of land from the "Town of Ischua" (now Franklinville). The northern portion of Freedom was transferred to Arcade in Wyoming County in 1841. Part of Freedom became the town of Yorkshire in 1844.

Salem Welsh Church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 107.0 km2, of which 106.2 km2 is land and 0.9 km2, or 0.80%, is water.

The north town line is the border of Wyoming County, and the east town line is the border of Allegany County.

New York State Route 98 is a major north–south highway through the town, and New York State Route 243 begins at the southeast town line.

Adjacent towns and areas
To the east is the town of Centerville in Allegany County, and to the west are the towns of Yorkshire and Machias. The north town line is formed with the town of Arcade in Wyoming County. The town of Farmersville is on the south.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,493 people, 871 households, and 680 families residing in the town. The population density was 61.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,033 housing units at an average density of 25.6 per square mile (9.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.88% White, 0.16% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 871 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 16.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.5% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,654, and the median income for a family was $36,061. Males had a median income of $27,380 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,145. About 12.2% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Daniel F. Bakeman, last surviving veteran of the American Revolutionary War and party to the longest marriage on record
 * Idwal H. Edwards, commander of United States Air Force in Europe

Communities and locations in Freedom

 * Camp Scouthaven – A Greater Niagara Frontier Council camp south of Freedom.
 * Crystal Lake – A small lake adjacent to NY-98, south of Freedom village.
 * Elton – a hamlet in the southwest corner of the town. It was previously called "Coles Settlement," after early pioneers, and later "Chelsea," the name that appears on maps in 1836 and 1840.
 * Elton Station – A location south of Elton village.
 * Fairview – A hamlet at the southeast corner of the town by the western terminus of NY Route 243.
 * Freedom – The hamlet of Freedom is in the eastern part of town.
 * Sandusky – a hamlet on Clear Creek near the northern town line on NY Route 98. The settlement was first occupied around 1824 by the construction of a tavern.

title: Freedom, New York


text:
Great Valley, New York

Great Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,991 at the 2020 census. The town is named after its local geographical setting, a relative comparison of two tributaries (the other being the neighboring Little Valley) of the Allegheny River.

The town of Great Valley is centrally located in the county, northeast of the city of Salamanca.

History
The town's area was first settled circa 1812, with the first settlement, Kill Buck, coalescing in 1818. The Town of Great Valley was incorporated in 1818, taken from part of the town of Olean. In 1831, the town of Burton was made from the southeast part of Great Valley, and in 1842 the town of Carrollton was made from the southwest part of Great Valley.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 130.1 km2, of which 129.8 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.20%, is water.

The Allegheny River flows through the southeast corner of the town, and Great Valley Creek is an important stream in the town.

U.S. Route 219 is a major north-south highway in the town and intersects New York State Route 98 in Great Valley village.

Adjacent towns and areas
Great Valley is south of the town of Ellicottville and north of the town of Carrollton. The west boundary is formed by the towns of Salamanca and Little Valley, as well as the city of Salamanca and the Allegany Reservation. Great Valley's east boundary is formed with the towns of Humphrey and Allegany. A very small part of southwestern Great Valley borders the town of Red House.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,145 people, 843 households, and 596 families residing in the town. The population density was 42.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,196 housing units at an average density of 23.8 per square mile (9.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.36% White, 0.79% African American, 1.17% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.47% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

There were 843 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,784, and the median income for a family was $42,209. Males had a median income of $31,581 versus $21,792 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,749. About 3.1% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * DeHart H. Ames, former New York state senator
 * Chauncey J. Fox, former New York state senator
 * Nelson I. Norton, former US congressman

Communities and locations in Great Valley

 * Allegany Reservation – Part of the Iroquois reservation is in the southwest corner of the town.
 * Allegany State Park – A small section of the park is in the southwest corner of the town.
 * Great Valley – the hamlet of Great Valley is centrally located in the town. The town is at the convergence of County Roads 18 and 38, NY-98, as well as US 219. Great Valley Creek flows southward through the community.
 * Great Valley Airport (N56) - A general aviation airstrip with a turf runway (Runway 6-24, length 3800 feet), operated by and adjacent to Katy's Fly-In Restaurant (formerly Eddy's). It is about one mile southwest of the hamlet of Great Valley.
 * Great Valley Creek – A stream that flows into the town at the north town line and out the southeast corner of the town to join the Allegheny River in Salamanca, New York.
 * Holiday Valley Resort – A ski resort that straddles the town's northern border with Ellicottville.
 * Kill Buck – A hamlet east of Salamanca on Route 219, named after a chief of a local tribe.
 * Peth – A hamlet southwest of Great Valley village on US Route 219, at the terminus of County Route 67.
 * Rock City and McCarty Hill State Forests – A sprawling state forest, covering the northwestern corner of Great Valley and covering portions of several surrounding towns.
 * Salamanca – A small part of the city of Salamanca overlaps the southwest corner of the town.
 * Sugartown – A hamlet northeast of Great Valley village, near the east town line on NY Route 98.
 * Willoughby – A hamlet east of Great Valley village on County Road 18.

The seasonal theme park Pumpkinville is in the neighboring town of Humphrey but carries a Great Valley mailing address.

Transportation
Great Valley Airport is located one nautical mile (1.85 km) southeast of the central business district of Great Valley.

The Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad runs a line through Great Valley, paralleling Route 219. It is used almost exclusively for freight; no passenger service is available on the line.

Education
Public school students mostly attend Ellicottville Central School, which contrary to its name is located in the northern part of the Town of Great Valley. A public school operated in Great Valley until the early 1970s; much of the lot on which the now-demolished building once stood remains vacant (part has been used for a post office), and the street serving the school (School Street) has since been removed, with only a sidewalk remaining.

Religion
Two churches, one an independent Methodist church (formerly part of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ and Evangelical United Brethren Church before 1968 and United Methodist Church before 2022) and one a Baptist church, are located next to each other in the hamlet of Great Valley. An additional United Methodist Church in Sugartown, dating to before the merger with the Brethren, operated until 1981 before merging with its nearby counterpart. Healing Reigns Fellowship is located in Kill Buck.

title: Great Valley, New York


text:
Hinsdale, New York

Hinsdale is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 2,119 at the 2020 census. The town was named after Hinsdale in New Hampshire.

Hinsdale is at the eastern border of Cattaraugus County, north-northeast of Olean.

History
Hinsdale was formed in 1820, bordering the town of Olean. It was named after the town of Hinsdale, New Hampshire. The town of Ischua was created in 1846, apart of Hinsdale, although the two towns share a zip code.

In 1820, the local community congregated and came to the decision that they no longer wanted to be part of the town known as Hamilton (now Olean, NY. They contacted their representative in Albany, NY, Elial Todd Foote, a resident of Jamestown, NY. They asked Mr. Foote to deliver to the legislature in Albany a resolution that would allow them to form their own community, of which they would attempt to name Fayette. Because of conflicting names (Fayette and Fayetteville) the resolution ultimately failed. The legislature informed Mr. Foote that he would be given until the next day to decide on a new name, or be forced to wait until the legislatures next session in the fall of that year. With no way to communicate with the locals back in Hamilton, who sought to create a new town, it was up to Mr. Foote to submit a new name. After spending a sleepless night attempting to derive a new name for the town, Mr. Foote decided to settle on the birthplace of his mother Debbie Doolittle Foote; Hinsdale, New Hamlsire. Thus, on April 14, 1820, the town of Hinsdale, NY was born.

In 1846, those who resided in the present town of Ischua, NY decided that they no longer wanted to be part of the Hinsdale community, thus creating their own town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 100.4 km2, of which 100.3 km2 is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 0.11%, is water.

The Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) passes across the town. New York State Route 16 is a major trunk road in the town and partially follows the same path as the Expressway. New York State Route 446 crosses the northeast part of the town and has its western terminus in the community of Maplehurst.

The eastern town line is the border of Allegany County.

Adjacent towns and areas
Hinsdale is south of the town of Ischua and north of the towns of Olean and Portville. The west border is formed by the towns of Humphrey and Allegany. The east border is formed by the towns of Cuba and Clarksville in Allegany County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,270 people, 861 households, and 625 families residing in the town. The population density was 58.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,134 housing units at an average density of 29.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.05% White, 0.57% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 861 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,110, and the median income for a family was $36,949. Males had a median income of $27,008 versus $20,645 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,985. About 9.6% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Hinsdale

 * Haskell Flats – A hamlet in the southeast corner of the town.
 * Hinsdale – The hamlet of Hinsdale, where Ischua Creek and Oil Creek join to become Olean Creek. The community is located on NY Route 16, east of the Southern Tier Expressway. The first house was built in 1821.
 * Maplehurst – A hamlet in the northern part of the town on NY 16 and north of the Southern Tier Expressway.
 * Scotts Corner – A former community north of Hinsdale village.
 * Jollytown – A former farming community in the eastern part of the town.

title: Hinsdale, New York


text:
Talk:Djoser

Untitled
Is that what they called it in ancient Egyptian; "Third Dynasty?" That sounds amazingly like our English word. --David depaoli — Preceding unsigned comment added by David depaoli (talk • contribs) 00:43, 2002 October 23 (UTC)

No. As soon as I can find out the Egyptian wording I will be changing it. --Lir — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lir (talk • contribs) 00:45, 2002 October 23 (UTC)

 * And then I will change it back to the English and then suggest to the wikipedia mailing list that your move privilages be revoked. I'm tired of having to move pages back because of your "my way or the highway" ideas that are counter to our well-accepted naming conventions. --mav

Names

 * I have added the standard naming templates, as the image used was flagged as being possibly deleted (from 2004!). Markh 20:46, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

he was not very popular. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.109.198.115 (talk) 22:34, 2006 February 20 (UTC)

I believe that the reference to his alternative name as 'Loser' is an attempt at a joke. There is no historical support for this. Can mods change it unless they believe that there's a good case for it staying, please? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.28.204.254 (talk) 09:39, 2011 April 9 (UTC)

Imhotep Vs. Joseph

 * Please can you provide up to date references for any additions – a 70 year old reference isn't exactly current. Also this is not an article about Imhotep Markh 17:02, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Pharaoh
The Ancient Egyptians didn't call their kings Pharaohs until well into the New Kingdom... over a thousand years later.

Over a thousand years.

See the wiki entry Pharaoh. It was a title in a letter to Aknenaten and only LATER than THIS became a title for a king. Much later.

I do not believe it serves any good purpose to universally use the term Pharaoh as King. It creates the impression that kings in the Old Kingdom were Pharaohs. They were not. It directly asserts that Zoser (Djoser) was Pharaoh. He was not.

I think it should say "King."

Maybe the word "Pharaoh" should be replaced with "King" but still link to "Pharaoh."

I don't know.

I won't change anything.

Hank01 22:09, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

pictures
does anyone have a better picture of the seated statue of djoser? --Hhityry Glewjtes Yojttj (talk) 22:20, 26 January 2008 (UTC)--Hhityry Glewjtes Yojttj (talk) 22:20, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Dates
Anybody have an idea on when this man lived? Nyttend (talk) 01:23, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

The latest C14 dates have been added to the article. Answer: between 2691 BC and 2625 BC — Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.1.246.64 (talk) 16:28, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040606150313/http://www.ancient-egypt.org:80/kings/0301_netjerikhet/history.html to http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/0301_netjerikhet/history.html

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Vizier error
The section titled "Djoser and Imhotep" claims Imhotep was Djoser's vizier. However, as far as I know, that was not one of the titles he held. "Chancellor" probably would be a better title of his to use here, but not "vizier". — al-Shimoni  (talk) 06:12, 1 May 2020 (UTC)

"Pharoah dzoser" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Pharoah dzoser. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 June 26 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. 1234qwer1234qwer4 (talk) 19:15, 26 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Djoser


text:
Humphrey, New York

Humphrey is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 701 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Charles Humphrey, who at the time of the town's founding was Speaker of the New York State Assembly.

Humphrey is an interior town in the eastern half of the county, northeast of the city of Salamanca.

History
Origins

The area that would become the town was first settled circa 1815. The town of Humphrey was established in 1836 from a part of the town of Allegany.

The first permanent settler was named Russell Chapell. Who arrived from Schenectady County in 1815, settling on lot 56, on the banks of Sugartown Creek. Here, him and his wife built a log house, making them the first official settlers. Slowly over the next ten years the settlement grew.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 96.2 km2, of which 0.04 km2, or 0.05%, is water.

New York State Route 98 crosses the northwest corner of the town. Humphrey is primarily served by county roads, namely Routes 18, 19, and 51.

Adjacent towns and areas
Humphrey is east of the town of Great Valley and south of the town of Franklinville. The east town line is shared by the towns of Hinsdale and Ischua. To the south is the town of Allegany.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 721 people, 263 households, and 186 families residing in the town. The population density was 19.7 people per square mile (7.6/km2). There were 457 housing units at an average density of 12.5 per square mile (4.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.23% White, 0.97% African American, 0.83% Native American, 0.69% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population.

There were 263 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $71,212, whereas the median household income in Cattaraugus County in general is $50,508 as of a 2022 American Community Survey. Males had a median income of $27,768 versus $20,326 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,874. About 9.2% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

About 26.4% of Humphrey residents have obtained a Bachelor's Degree or higher. The educational attainment based on the above the age of 25 population is as follows: 36.4% have a high school degree or higher, 18.6% have attended college but did not receive a degree, 13.6% have obtained an Associate's Degree, while 8.7% have a Bachelor's Degree, and 17.7% earned a Graduate or professional degree.

Communities and locations in Humphrey

 * Humphrey – The hamlet of Humphrey is near the center of the town at the junction of County Roads 18 and 51. It was formerly known as "Chapellsburg" after an early hotel owner; another possible factor in its name was the Saint Pacificus Chapel, a Roman Catholic chapel and cemetery that is the only church in North America named for Saint Pacificus and an early congregation point for the Franciscans that later founded Saint Bonaventure University. The chapel remains in operation to the present day, albeit in a reduced schedule since 2007 since the death of its longtime priest and cutbacks in the Catholic Church.
 * Humphrey Center – A hamlet in the northern part of the town on County Road 18. The community is locally called "Tickletown"; more about Tickletown can be found here.
 * Wrights Creek – A stream flowing past Humphrey and Humphrey Center. It is named after early settler Richard Wright.
 * Pumpkinville – An autumn theme park, pumpkin patch and apple cider mill based in the western part of the town.

title: Humphrey, New York


text:
Ischua, New York

Ischua  is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 736 at the 2020 census. Ischua is also the name of a hamlet in the town. The town is on the eastern border of the county, north of Olean.

History
The area that would become Ischua was first visited around 1808 by Seymore Buton and also visited around 1812 by Abram Farwell, who would return with his wife Lydia Farwell and their family. Lydia Jackson Farwell was the daughter of Revolutionary war soldier Thaddeus Jackson, builder of the Thaddeus Jackson House, the historic $2 1/2$-story wood-frame house known as one of the oldest surviving homes in Brookline, Massachusetts, where Lydia was from. In 1814, Lydia Farwell inherited money through her father's family and bought the first tract of land in what is now the town of Ischua to build the Farwell sawmill on. The community of Ischua has had continuous settlement ever since that date, and the founding mother Lydia Farwell's family have been a part of the history of Ischua for generations since.

The town of Ischua was established in 1846 from a division of the town of Hinsdale. There was previously another "Town of Ischua" in the county, which has now been succeeded by the town of Franklinville and the rest of the northern part of Cattaraugus County. When first formed, on February 7, 1846, the present Ischua was known as the "Town of Rice". The first town meeting was held at the residence of E. Densmore, February 24, 1846. The first town officers were Frederick Carpenter, Supervisor; Isaac N. Fuller, Town Clerk; Philo Burlingame, Superintendent of Common Schools; Wm. S. Pitcher, Simon C. Mallory and A. L. Barnard, Assessors; and Morgan I. Titus, F. Carpenter, C.C. Hatch and Hiram L. Seavy, Justices of the Peace. Its name was changed March 27, 1855, from Rice to Ischua.

Cuba Creamery, situated in the southeast corner of the town, about 2 mi from Cuba, was established in 1869, by Gardner & I.N. Sheldon, and made about 175000 lb of cheese and 18000 to 20000 lb of butter at its height. Quarries of good building stone existed within the borders of the town to aid the early settlers in construction. After the Genesee Valley Canal failed, the Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Railroad traversed the town in the valley of Ischua Creek.

The town had several telephone prefixes during the party line days shared with nearby communities such as Franklinville, Allegany and Cuba and including 557- that it shared with Hinsdale. The town had its own post office, in the early days known as West Hinsdale, then Rice, and finally Ischua (ZIP code 14746) until the early 1990s, when the ZIP code was abandoned and postal services merged with Hinsdale's.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 83.9 km2, of which 0.05 km2, or 0.06%, is water.

The east town line is the border of Allegany County. The surface of the town is a broken and hilly upland, the highest summits reaching 2200 ft above sea level, about 600 ft above the valleys. Ischua Creek, which flows south through the center, is the principal stream, having formed the Ischua Valley. The head waters of Five Mile Run are in the south-west part. The soil is chiefly clay, with a thin surface of mold and some gravelly loam.

New York State Route 16 is a major north–south highway in the town, and it parallels Ischua Creek through most of the town.

Genesee Valley Canal
On May 6, 1836, an act was passed in the New York Legislature authorizing the construction of the Genesee Valley Canal. According to New York State archives, the reservoir supplying the summit level impounded 68,000,000 cubic feet of water. A non-navigable feeder creek carried water to the summit at Hinsdale after crossing Oil Creek on an aqueduct.

Because Ischua Creek runs north to south to the Allegheny River and the still waters of the Ischua run deep, the town of Ischua was the perfect area to build a dam and utilize the water-way. Routing the canal through the Ischua-Hinsdale area enabled merchants to transport commerce from Rochester to Pittsburgh. Thirteen feeder creeks fed the canal. The contract for the culverts on the Ischua feeder, as well as on lock sections 98 through 101, in Maplehurst, was awarded to Joseph T. Lyman and Dauphin Murray on October 11, 1839. The Ischua Dam creating the Farwell reservoir for the Genesee Valley Canal was completed in 1856.

The town of Ischua bought the Ischua Dam area, the property located on Route 16 and Farwell Road, that houses the spillway and dam, from Cattaraugus County, for the purpose of development of this site as an educational area, because of its historical aspect and the possibility of creating a recreation area. Also on the property is one of Ischua's one-room schoolhouses, built in 1881, that houses the Town of Ischua Historical Society. For many decades there was an A-framed house that stood next to it, the town tore it down in 2015, disrupting the historic canal site with heavy equipment and causing destruction to the remains of the Dam's earthen structure.

Notable person

 * U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Timothy Kellner, regarded as one of the top snipers still active in the U.S. Army, with 139 confirmed kills during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Adjacent towns and areas
The town of Cuba in Allegany County is on the eastern town line of Ischua. Ischua shares its southern town boundary with the town of Hinsdale and the western town line with the town of Humphrey. The towns of Franklinville and Lyndon are to the north. Part of the Seneca Indian Reservation is in the town of Ischua.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 895 people, 345 households, and 245 families residing in the town. The population density was 27.6 PD/sqmi. There were 496 housing units at an average density of 15.3 per square mile (5.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.21% White, 0.45% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.89% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.

There were 345 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,926, and the median income for a family was $38,173. Males had a median income of $28,155 versus $19,306 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,414. About 9.9% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Ischua

 * Abbott – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town on County Roads 24 and 87.
 * Cuba Lake – A small part of the lake is at the northeastern town line.
 * Fitch – A hamlet in the northwestern corner of the town, south of NY Route 16 on County Road 19.
 * Ischua – The hamlet of Ischua is at the convergence of NY Route 16 and County Roads 48 and 81 in the northern part of the town.
 * Oil Springs Reservation – Part of the Oil Springs Reservation, Cattaraugus County is in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Cattaraugus County-Olean Airport (OLE) – Ischua's Municipal Airport is located east of the hamlet of Ischua on County Road 81. This is a general aviation airport.
 * Dutch Hill – Also known as Maple Hill and located in the southwestern portion of the town; settled in a large part by German speakers from the eastern Pennsylvania region.

title: Ischua, New York


text:
Leon, New York

Leon is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York. The population was 1,253 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the former Kingdom of León in Spain, though it is pronounced like the American first name, "LEE-un". The town is on the western border of the county, northwest of the city of Salamanca.

History
The area that would become the town was first settled circa 1819. The town of Leon was founded in 1832 from a part of the town of Conewango. The Leon Grange No. 795 and Leon United Methodist Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Leon's post office, ZIP Code 14751, opened June 20, 1837. It closed on July 24, 2010.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.8 km2, of which 0.07 km2, or 0.07%, is water. The west town line is the border of Chautauqua County.

Conewango Creek, a tributary of the Allegheny River, crosses the northwest part of the town, and Mud Creek flows through the south part of the town.

U.S. Route 62 is a major north-south highway through the western part of the town. County Route 6 intersects the road in the town center.

Adjacent towns and areas
Leon is south of the town of Dayton and north of the town of Conewango. To the east is the town of New Albion. The west boundary is shared by the town of Cherry Creek in Chautauqua County.

Demographics
As of the 2010 census, there were 1,380 people, 378 households, and 289 families residing in the town. The population density was 38.1 PD/sqmi. There were 464 housing units at an average density of 12.8 per square mile (4.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.13% White, 0.07% Native American, 0.14% Asian, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.29% of the population.

There were 378 households, out of which 44.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.64 and the average family size was 4.30.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 42.3% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,333, and the median income for a family was $32,946. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $22,266 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,189. About 26.1% of families and 35.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.2% of those under age 18 and 14.7% of those age 65 or over.

An estimated 76% of the population of Leon are members of the Old Order Amish, a factor in the town's continued population growth since the middle of the 20th century, a rarity in a county where population has otherwise been in general decline.

Notable people

 * Charles N. Daniels, former architect
 * Albert T. Fancher, former New York state senator
 * Wilbur F. Sanders, former U.S. senator

Communities and locations in Leon

 * Conewango Creek – A stream flowing through the northern part of the town.
 * East Leon – A hamlet in the northeast corner of the town on County Road 5.
 * Kendall Corners – A location by the eastern town line on County Road 5.
 * Leon (or "Leon Center") – The hamlet of Leon, centrally located in the town on County Road 6 and US Route 62.
 * Millmans Corners – A location west of Leon village by the east town line on Route 6.
 * Meyers Corners – A location at the north town line on Route 62.
 * Mud Creek – A stream flowing westward past Leon is a tributary of Conewango Creek. The first settlement was made along Mud Creek.
 * Rays Corners – A hamlet near the east town line on County Road 44.
 * Thompsonville – A former community in the southeast part of the town.

title: Leon, New York


text:
Lime Lake-Machias, New York

Lime Lake-Machias was a census-designated place including two hamlets in the northeast part of the Town of Machias, in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. As of the 2000 census, it had a population of 1,422. For the 2010 census, the area was delineated as two separate CDPs, Lime Lake (pop. 867) and Machias (pop. 471).

Geography
Lime Lake-Machias is located at 42.42778°N, -78.48278°W (42.427655, -78.482689).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 3.7 sqmi, of which 3.3 sqmi was land and 0.4 sqmi, or 10.08%, was water.

Lime Lake is also the name of a small lake in this region, about one mile in diameter.

New York State Route 16 and Cattaraugus County Route 62 connect Lime Lake to Machias. New York State Route 242's eastern terminus is just south of Lime Lake.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,422 people, 526 households, and 360 families residing in the community. The population density was 430.9 PD/sqmi. There were 819 housing units at an average density of 248.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.82% White, 0.21% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.14% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 526 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the region the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $26,579, and the median income for a family was $33,194. Males had a median income of $26,429 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,696. About 12.6% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.5% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lime Lake-Machias, New York


text:
Limestone, New York

Limestone is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 389 at the 2010 census.

The former village lies in the southern part of the town of Carrollton and is 6 mi north of the city of Bradford, Pennsylvania. The name is said to derive from the rapid deterioration of some excavated skeletons, which quickly became white dust upon exposure to air.

History
The village of Limestone was incorporated in 1877. In 2008, 187 village residents signed a petition calling for the village's dissolution. It was predicted that as a result of dissolution, both village and town residents would see their taxes decrease, by four and 46 percent respectively. Additionally, the town would receive $750,000 in state aid. The village's incorporation was dissolved following the successful passage of a referendum on October 13, 2009; the dissolution took effect January 1, 2011. Of the village's 229 registered voters, 97 voted, 71 of them in favor of dissolution.

The Limestone Central School District (mascot: the Tigers) was headquartered in the village until 1995, when it merged with Allegany Central School to form the current Allegany-Limestone Central School. The school building remained open as an elementary school until 2010, by which point attendance at the building had dropped to 67 students, well below what would have been needed to support it.

Geography
Limestone is located at 42.02611°N, -78.63306°W (42.026029, -78.632983).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the former village has a total area of 4.2 km2, of which 0.03 km2, or 0.64%, is water.

The hamlet is 2 mi north of the state line of Pennsylvania. Limestone is located on U.S. Route 219, and is on the east side of the Allegany State Park. Tunungwant Creek (also known as "Tuna Creek"), a tributary of the Allegheny River, flows south to north along the village's western side. Nichols Run flows from the east through the center of the hamlet.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 411 people, 170 households, and 109 families residing in the then-village. The population density was 252.3 PD/sqmi. There were 188 housing units at an average density of 115.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.08% White, 0.24% African American, 1.22% Native American, and 1.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.

There were 170 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.93.

The population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males.

The median income for a household was $28,594, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $24,583 versus $18,846 for females. The per capita income was $14,152. About 5.0% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Limestone, New York


text:
Lyndon, New York

Lyndon is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 686 at the 2020 census. The town is on the east border of the county and is north of Olean.

History
The area that would become the town was first settled circa 1806. The town of Lyndon was founded in 1829, formed from the town of Franklinville. The town was briefly called "Elgin" around 1857.

In 1875, the population of Lyndon was 805.

The North Lyndon Schoolhouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 86.2 km2, of which 86.1 km2 is land and 0.1 km2, or 0.11%, is water.

The eastern town line is the border of Allegany County.

Adjacent towns and areas
The town of New Hudson in Allegany County is to the east. The north town line is shared by the town of Farmersville, and the south town line is shared with the town of Ischua. The town of Franklinville is west of Lyndon.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 661 people, 250 households and 187 families residing in the town. The population density was 19.9 people per square mile (7.7/km2). There were 639 housing units at an average density of 19.2 per square mile (7.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.28% White, 0.61% African American, 1.21% Native American, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 250 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 2.98.

Age distribution was 27.7% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.6 males.

The median household income was $34,091, and the median family income was $37,361. Males had a median income of $29,063 versus $22,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,054. About 6.7% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Wilson Thomas Hogue, former bishop of the Free Methodist Church

Communities and locations in Lyndon

 * Elgin – A hamlet in the center of the town on County Road 47 (Lyndon Center Road).
 * Gates Creek – A stream flowing out the west town line.
 * Oil Creek – A stream by the east town line.
 * Rawson – A hamlet on the east town line on County Road 7A (Rawson Road).

title: Lyndon, New York


text:
Machias, New York

Machias is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 2,309 at the 2020 census. Machias is an interior town in the northeast quadrant of the county. It is northeast of the city of Salamanca.

History
The area that would become Machias was first settled circa 1813, and the town was established in 1827 from the town of Yorkshire. In 1847, Machias was increased by additional territory from Yorkshire. Machias received its name from Maine settlers.

Geography
The town is located at 42.41944°N, -78.49444°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Machias has a total area of 106.4 km2, of which 104.7 km2 is land and 1.7 km2, or 1.58%, is water.

New York State Route 16 intersects New York State Route 242 at Machias village.

The town of Machias straddles the border of the Mississippi River drainage basin, with the waters of Lime Lake flowing north and then west via Cattaraugus Creek to Lake Erie and eventually the Saint Lawrence Seaway to the Atlantic Ocean, while the waters of Ischua Creek, less than 1 mi south of Lime Lake, flow south towards the Allegheny River and eventually the Mississippi and Gulf of Mexico.

Ischua Creek flows past the south part of Machias village.

Adjacent towns and areas
Machias is south of the town of Yorkshire and north of the town of Franklinville. The towns of Farmersville and Freedom are on the east and the towns of Ashford and Ellicottville are on the west.

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 2,482 people, 906 households, and 654 families residing in the town. The population density was 61.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,354 housing units at an average density of 33.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.78% White, 0.16% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.32% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 906 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,553, and the median income for a family was $39,301. Males had a median income of $30,217 versus $21,652 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,367. About 10.6% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 19.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Machias

 * Bakerstand – A hamlet in the southwest part of the town on NY Route 242
 * Bird – A hamlet in the southwest part of the town, north of Bakerstand
 * Brewers Corners – A location northwest of Machias village on County Road 20
 * Fancy Tract – A location on the west town line
 * Frog Pond – A small body of water north of Lime Lake village
 * Lime Lake – The hamlet was settled around a small lake, which itself is called Lime Lake. Lime Lake is on NY Route 16 in the northeast part of the town, north of Machias village. The lake received its name from the shells found on its bottom. The lake is almost completely surrounded by vacation and year-round cottages.
 * Lime Lake Outlet – A stream flowing out the north end of Lime Lake to Cattaraugus Creek
 * Machias (earlier "Machias Five Corners" and "Chickasaw") – the principal hamlet and business district in the town is located on NY Route 16 in the east part of the town. Besides Lime Lake, many other smaller bodies of water surround the village. The village was first settled around 1820. The early name regarding five corners refers to the main intersection in the village where five roads conjoin.
 * Machias Junction – A hamlet southeast of Machias on County Road 37
 * Sucker Pond – A small body of water near Brewers Corners

Notable people

 * Mary E. Green (1841-1910), physician

title: Machias, New York