text:
Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico

Santa Clara Pueblo (in Tewa: Khaʼpʼoe Ówîngeh [xɑ̀ʔp’òː ʔówîŋgè]) "Singing Water Village", also known as "Village of Wild Roses" is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States and a federally recognized tribe of Native American Pueblo people.

The pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos, and the people are from the Tewa ethnic group of Native Americans who speak the Rio Grande Tewa language. The pueblo is on the Rio Grande, between Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo) to the north and San Ildefonso Pueblo (P'ohwhóge Owingeh) to the south.

Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted pottery, specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings. The pueblo is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Santa Clara Pueblo is located approximately 1.5 miles south of Española on NM 30.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km$2$), all land.

Demographics
The 2010 census found that 1,018 people lived in the CDP, while 1,182 people in the United States reported being exclusively Santa Claran and 1,425 people reported being Santa Claran exclusively or in combination with another group.

History
Tewa people lived in the Pueblo area for millennia before they met Spanish conquistador Juan de Oñate and his exploration party on July 11, 1598. Pueblo archaeology shows that Ancestral Puebloans lived in the general region as far back as 1200 BC.

First visited in 1541, a segment of Francisco Coronado's expeditionary force met with the residents of the nearby Caypa Pueblo. After annexation of the region into the Spanish Kingdom, and as part of the 1601 expansion of Oñate's colonial capital, a chapel was built there by 1617. Fray Alonso de Benavides established a mission in 1628. The mission was abandoned on the lead up to the Great Pueblo Revolt of 1680.

This Pueblo joined forces with others nearby and fought against the Spanish Royal Government in 1680 in the revolt. The original and unoccupied chapel was destroyed. Two other chapel buildings would be constructed there. The current church replaced the former in 1918.

In 1782, a smallpox outbreak decimated the population. The eighth section of the Act of July 22, 1854, mandated a census of the newly acquired possessions of the US government. In review of the land's title, the pueblo presented a Spanish Royal decree dated October 15, 1713, that the title to land and various pueblos could be expected. Though lost, the decree on the title papers assured protection of the pueblos' right to protection of their homelands from encroachment. The result of the title research led this Pueblo community to be of the first recognized by United States Congress.

Education
It is in the Española Public Schools district. The comprehensive public high school is Española Valley High School.

There is a Bureau of Indian Education (BIE)-affiliated tribal elementary school, Kha'p'o Community School, in Santa Clara Pueblo.

Arts
Among the arts practiced at Santa Clara Pueblo, pottery is one of the most well-known. Traditionally, pottery was made primarily by girls and women, and while many potters today are women, there are many men who make pottery as well. Santa Clara Pueblo potters are known for their black polished and red polished pottery in a distinctive style, especially the use of incised work. "Knife-wing" or eagle feather designs are common on Santa Clara pottery  There are a number of well-known ceramic artists from Santa Clara. Four approaches are used in the decoration of the majority of Santa Clara Pueblo ceramics: painted designs, impressed patterns, incised designs, and resist-firing with incised or sgraffito designs.

Notable tribal members and residents

 * Angela Baca, matriarch of the Santa Clara melon potters
 * Gregory Cajete, author and educator
 * Jody Folwell, potter
 * Tammy Garcia, ceramic artist and sculptor
 * Luther Gutierrez, potter
 * Margaret Gutierrez, potter
 * Joseph Lonewolf, potter
 * Jody Naranjo, artist
 * Nora Naranjo Morse, artist and filmmaker
 * Linda and Merton Sisneros, potters
 * Paul Speckled Rock, potter and bronze sculptor, gallery owner
 * Anita Louise Suazo, traditional potter
 * Roxanne Swentzell, ceramic and bronze sculptor, Native plant activist
 * Rose B. Simpson, mixed-media, ceramic, and performance artist
 * Margaret Tafoya, Santa Clara traditional potter
 * Pablita Velarde, Santa Clara painter
 * Nathan Youngblood, potter

title: Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico


text:
Causey, New Mexico

Causey is a village in eastern Roosevelt County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 104 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.1 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 52 people, 19 households, and 17 families residing in the village. The population density was 16.9 people per square mile (6.5/km2). There were 23 housing units at an average density of 7.5 per square mile (2.9/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 76.92% White, 9.62% Native American, 13.46% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.77% of the population.

There were 19 households, out of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.9% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.5% were non-families. 10.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 19.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 28.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $37,083, and the median income for a family was $37,083. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,663. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Causey, New Mexico


text:
Dora, New Mexico

Dora is a village in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 133 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.8 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 130 people, 43 households, and 36 families residing in the village. The population density was 46.2 PD/sqmi. There were 52 housing units at an average density of 18.5 per square mile (7.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 86.15% White, 2.31% Native American, 11.54% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.77% of the population.

There were 43 households, out of which 53.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.4% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.0% were non-families. 14.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.35.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 37.7% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $38,333, and the median income for a family was $40,417. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,831. There were 10.8% of families and 8.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 8.0% of under eighteens and 5.6% of those over 64.

Notable people

 * Larry Hays Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball coach attended school in Dora.

title: Dora, New Mexico


text:
Elida, New Mexico

Elida is a town in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 197 at the 2010 census.

History
In 2023, the FW1 Ute Reservoir pipeline project started construction to provide potable water by 2030 for Cannon Air Force Base and the communities of Clovis, Portales, Elida, and Texico.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 183 people, 76 households, and 50 families residing in the town. The population density was 227.9 PD/sqmi. There were 98 housing units at an average density of 122.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 90.71% White, 9.29% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.32% of the population.

There were 76 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 19.1% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $22,917, and the median income for a family was $25,250. Males had a median income of $21,607 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,328. About 15.6% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 26.7% of those 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Larry Hays Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball coach

title: Elida, New Mexico


text:
Floyd, New Mexico

Floyd is a village in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 133 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.1 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 78 people, 30 households, and 23 families residing in the village. The population density was 25.3 people per square mile (9.8/km2). There were 33 housing units at an average density of 10.7 per square mile (4.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 93.59% White, 5.13% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.38% of the population.

There were 30 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $27,083, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $14,375 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,747. There were 19.2% of families and 41.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 61.5% of under eighteens and 19.2% of those over 64.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Floyd has a semi-arid climate.

title: Floyd, New Mexico


text:
Portales, New Mexico

Portales is a city in and the county seat of Roosevelt County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 12,280 at the 2010 census. Portales is located near the larger city of Clovis, and Cannon Air Force Base, a major contributor to the economy of the region.

Eastern New Mexico University opened in Portales in 1934 as Eastern New Mexico Junior College, and has since grown to become the third-largest university in the state. The area is one of the largest producers of Valencia peanuts in the United States and is the nation's top producer of certified organic peanut butter. Portales is home to about 40 dairies and a major US dairy solids plant, together producing and exporting hundreds of millions of dollars of local milk products each year. It is the principal city of the Portales micropolitan statistical area, which is part of the larger Clovis-Portales combined statistical area, including Clovis, 19 mi away and Cannon Air Force Base, 13 mi away.

City
The city's downtown area is centered around a traditional-style town square, based upon Spanish urban design. The center of the town square includes the 1930s WPA-style Roosevelt County Courthouse, including original architectural details from the era, as well as the adjacent 1930s post office. The Courthouse Square is ringed with retail shops. The Yam Theater, a historic theater located in the downtown area, has recently been renovated. Eastern New Mexico University (ENMU) forms a sizable district with its campus and surrounding residential stock catering largely to students. Arts and cultural offerings emanate from ENMU, the third-largest state university in New Mexico. Portales ranks in the top 20% of US cities for racial diversity, percentage of college-educated adults, and percentage of people who walk or bike to work. The city rates in the top 10% of US cities for a short commute, rent affordability, and low taxes.

History
Clovis Man inhabited the Blackwater Draw area north of Portales until 11,000 years ago.

Seminomadic non-Pueblo Southern Athabaskan groups (Apache, Navajo) occupied much of the area as early as the 13th century. In the early 18th century, the Comanche displaced the Apache, who had previously lived in this region. The Comanche commanded the area until late in the 19th century.

The surrounding area of eastern New Mexico is part of what came to be known in the colonial period during Spanish rule as the "Llano Estacado", an arid and treeless plateau bounded on the north and west by the Caprock Escarpment stretching south from the Canadian River and east along the Pecos River. Spanish soldier and explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, the first European to traverse the area in 1541, named the region after seeing these cliffs. From the north, they resemble a stockade (estacada) surrounding the high tableland, thus the name, meaning "stockaded plain" or "palisaded plain."

The US territorial settlement of Portales occurred in the late 19th century as cattle herders discovered a water source emanating from a rocky ledge resembling a Spanish porch. The local watering hole took on the name "Portales", and a few settlers began ranching nearby. The Pecos Valley and Northeastern Railroad arrived in 1899. The City of Portales was formally established in 1909. The first mayor of Portales was Washington Ellsworth Lindsey, who later became a governor of New Mexico.

The town developed in an orderly fashion through the early 20th century. In particular, given its access to the Ogallala Aquifer, improved surface irrigation techniques supported steady growth in agriculture.

Eastern New Mexico University was established in 1934 as a teacher's college. Originally a junior college, it became a four-year institution in the mid-20th century. The Great Depression brought several important Works Progress Administration construction projects, including the ENMU Administration Building, the downtown Portales Post Office, and the Roosevelt County Courthouse. All three buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 2023, the FW1 Ute Reservoir pipeline project started construction to provide potable water by 2030 for Cannon Air Force Base and the communities of Clovis, Portales, Elida, Texico.

Geography
Portales is located in Eastern New Mexico. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.8 sqmi, all land. The greater Portales area (Zip Code 88130) is about 20 sqmi, completely surrounded by range and farmland.

Climate
Portales has a semiarid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with hot summers featuring most of the year's rainfall from thunderstorms during the latter half of the season, plus dry winters with typically freezing mornings and mild, sunny afternoons.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, 11,131 people, 4,188 households, and 2,659 families were residing within the city limits of Portales. By 2007, the number of people counted in Portales, including those within the city limits and in the nearby surroundings had grown to nearly 17,000 people (University of New Mexico BBER). Eastern New Mexico University had over 4,300 students and 700 faculty and staff in 2008.

The population density of the city of Portales in 2000 was 1,624.9 people per square mile (627.4/km$2$). The 4,862 housing units had an average density of 709.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 68.80% White, 2.28% African American, 1.12% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 23.39% from other races, and 3.35% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 38.13% of the population.

Of the 4,188 households in Portales in 2000, 33.6% had children under 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were not families. About 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.49, and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city, the age distribution was 26.3% under 18, 20.1% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 15.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 27 years in 2000. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income in 2000 for a household in the city was $24,658 and for a family was $30,462. Males had a median income of $27,080 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,935 in 2000. About 18.8% of families and 24.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.5% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over. By 2007, per capita income had risen significantly, while the poverty rate had dropped, in large part due to massive growth in the dairy industry. The creative class quotient for Portales was 21% in 2007.

Living
According to a study conducted by Bizjournals.com, of 577 micropolitan areas, Portales ranked 15th in the nation and 9th in the western United States in overall quality of life. The goal of the study was to identify America's most attractive micropolitan areas and points were given to small, well-rounded communities where the economy is strong, traffic is light, the cost of living is moderate, adults are well-educated, and access to big-city attractions is reasonably close.

The study identified 12 categories including population growth, per capita income, small business growth, professional jobs, commuting, cost of living, and advanced degrees. Cities were given points for positive results and negative scores if they were below the national averages. These scores were then totaled to determine its overall rank on the list of micropolitan areas.

Portales, the smallest city in the top 25, received a quality-of-life score of 8.96, the 15th highest score in the nation. According to Scott Thomas, the author of the study, the income per capita, short commuting times, low taxes, and substantial percentage of adults with a graduate degree contributed to the ranking. Los Alamos was the only other New Mexico city to be recognized in the top 20.

Economy
The economy of Portales and surrounding communities is strongly supported by the peanut and dairy industries, ENMU, value-added food processing, a growing military presence, and agriculture (including cattle ranching, dairy farming, and crop production). In recent years, the economy of Portales has grown significantly along with the price and volume of agricultural commodities being produced in the region. The area around Portales is also drawing increased attention for its abundance of steady wind power, solar energy, and biofuel feedstock.

Portales continues to be a major U.S. exporter of certified organic peanut products and a major U.S. processor and distributor of sweet Valencia peanuts. DairiConcepts with Dairy Farmers of America processes local milk into milk solids for domestic and export use.

The Portales economy is also connected to Cannon Air Force Base located about 13 mi to the north. The base operates a leased military-housing area in Portales with 150 single-family dwellings.

In 2002, the US Census recorded wholesale trade of $53,713,000 and retail trade of $147,174,000 in Roosevelt County. In 2006, data from econometrics firm EMSI predicted that by 2015, Roosevelt County would experience over 50% employment growth in several key economic sectors, including professional and business services, education and health services, and manufacturing. The same report predicted over 100% growth in leisure and hospitality services in the Portales area by 2015.

Unemployment in Roosevelt County in 2007 averaged less than 3%, and the cost of living was around 83% of the US average, based primarily on the historically low but rising cost of housing in the area. By 2009, Portales continued to experience economic growth, with unemployment in the 3.7% range. It remained partially insulated from the national economic downturn of 2008-2010 due in part to a balanced economy based on agribusiness and staple food-product manufacturing (primarily peanut butter and milk), higher education, and a relatively strong local retail services market fueled by a growing population of ENMU students and Cannon Air Force Base employees.

Highways

 * US 70 runs northeast & southwest
 * NM 88 runs east
 * NM 206 runs south

Railroad
BNSF provides freight service.

Airport
Portales Municipal Airport, southwest of the city, is a general aviation facility

Notable people

 * John Burroughs, Democratic governor of New Mexico, 1959–1961
 * Ronny Cox, actor, singer, songwriter, and storyteller; starred in the film Deliverance and on the CBS series Apple's Way
 * Ed Foreman, represented Texas and New Mexico in the United States House of Representatives, motivational speaker and philanthropist
 * Darynda Jones, paranormal, mystery, and young-adult author
 * Wayne Mass, American football player
 * Cody Ross, professional baseball player
 * Christopher Stasheff, fantasy author
 * Ned Sublette, singer and Cuban scholar
 * Jack Williamson, science-fiction author

title: Portales, New Mexico


text:
Aztec, New Mexico

Aztec is a city in, and the county seat of, San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The city population was 6,126 as of the 2022 population estimate. The Aztec Ruins National Monument is located in Aztec.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.1 sqmi, of which 13.0 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (0.8%) is water.

Climate
Aztec has a typical southwestern cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) characterised by hot summers, chilly though not severe winters, and large diurnal temperature variation throughout the year.

Summers are generally hot to sweltering by afternoon, though with pleasant mornings and low humidity. On average, 50 afternoons surpass 90 F, though only two pass 100 F, and only five mornings between 1991 and 2020 stayed above 68 F. Mornings become chilly quite early in the fall: the usual frost-free period is from May 10 to October 6, and frosts have occurred as early as September 9, 1989 and as late as June 26, 1975. Winter afternoons, though, remain relatively mild: only two afternoons stay below freezing during an average year, although two mornings during an average winter fall to or below 0 F, and 153 mornings fall to or below freezing. The coldest temperature has been −27 F on February 8, 1933, and the hottest 106 F on July 11, 2021 and July 18, 2023.

Due to mountain rain shadow effects, precipitation is generally low, especially during the early summer period between April and June. The wettest calendar year has been 1986 with 20.27 in, and the driest 1917 with 2.90 in. The wettest month has been August 1929 with 5.65 in and the wettest day August 27, 2015 with 2.67 in. Aridity severely limits snowfall: the mean is only 10.9 in and the median only 8.5 in. The most snowfall in a month has been in January 2024 with 26.9 in, and the most in one day 11.0 in on December 17, 1990.

Demographics
Aztec is part of the Farmington, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,378 people, 2,330 households, and 1,589 families residing in the city. The population density was 253.1/km$2$ (655.7/mi$2$). There were 2,545 housing units at an average density of 101.0/km$2$ (261.6/mi$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 79.23% White, 0.38% African American, 9.31% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 7.53% from other races, and 3.29% from two or more races. 19.22% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,330 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,110, and the median income for a family was $39,509. Males had a median income of $36,845 versus $17,841 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,750. 17.4% of the population and 14.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 20.6% were under the age of 18 and 15.7% were 65 or older.

Arts and culture

Aztec Ruins National Monument is a UNESCO World Heritage site in Aztec.

Parks and recreation

As of 2016, Aztec had 16 park and special use areas totalling of 153.5 acre, and 15.6 km of pedestrian trails.

Government
The City of Aztec practices a commission-manager form of government as established in the New Mexico state statutes. The five commissioners are elected from each of the five districts. The mayor and mayor pro-tem are elected among the five commissioners.

Education
Aztec Municipal Schools serves the City of Aztec and rural areas in northeastern San Juan County.

Transportation
General aviation service is available at the Aztec Municipal Airport.

Highway 516 and U.S. Highway 550 pass through Aztec.

Utilities
Water comes from surface water sources, including the Aztec Ditch, Lower Animas Ditch, and the Animas River. The city maintains its own water treatment plant.

Electricity is maintained by the Aztec Electric Department, which has a compact electric system with 39 miles of distribution line. The city does not own any generation facilities. The city owns a short segment of 69 kV transmission line within its service territory, and it receives all its electricity through a single substation. As of 2023, the city purchased all its energy requirements from contracts with the Western Area Power Association and the Public Service Company of New Mexico.

Notable people

 * Paul Bandy, member of the New Mexico House of Representatives
 * Larry Harlow, former outfielder for the California Angels.
 * Alex Kennedy, stock car racing driver
 * Uma Krishnaswami, author of children's books
 * T. Ryan Lane, attorney and member of the New Mexico House of Representatives
 * Steven Neville, real estate appraiser and member of the New Mexico Senate
 * Sandra Townsend, former member of the New Mexico House of Representatives

title: Aztec, New Mexico


text:
Beclabito, New Mexico

Beclabito is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 317 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Description
The CDP is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways. Its name in Navajo means "bottom spring", a reference to Beclabito Spring.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.5 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 339 people*, 95 households, and 74 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 45.4 PD/sqmi. There were 130 housing units at an average density of 17.4 per square mile (6.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.94% Native American, 0.59% White, and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 95 households, out of which 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 27.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.57 and the average family size was 4.19.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 34.5% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $14,766, and the median income for a family was $18,839. Males had a median income of $16,063 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,401. About 40.3% of families and 49.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.0% of those under age 18 and 100.0% of those age 65 or over.

 * Although 2000 US Census only recorded 339 people in the Beclabito area, there are 900 voting members registered at the Beclabito Chapture House, which is a part of the Navajo Nation, and 1500 individuals living in Beclabito and the surrounding area.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Beclabito as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

title: Beclabito, New Mexico


text:
Bloomfield, New Mexico

Bloomfield is a city in northeastern San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 8,112 at the 2010 census.

It is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 sqmi, of which 5.0 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (0.99%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,417 people, 2,222 households, and 1,708 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,280.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,446 housing units at an average density of 488.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 62.38% White, 0.33% African American, 16.71% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 15.96% from other races, and 4.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.51% of the population.

There were 2,222 households, out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.4% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,905, and the median income for a family was $34,760. Males had a median income of $29,144 versus $19,203 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,424. About 15.2% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Most of the city of Bloomfield and rural areas in eastern/southeastern San Juan County are served by Bloomfield Schools. Bloomfield High School is the local high school.

A portion of northern Bloomfield is zoned to Aztec Municipal Schools. Aztec High School is the local high school of that section.

Until 1956, all students from Bloomfield went to Aztec High. In 1956, Bloomfield High formed out of the town's junior high school.

Points of interest
The Salmon Ruins pueblo and museum are located just to the west of the city along Highway 64. The ruins are the remains of a 12th-century Anasazi village. The ruins, as well as the homestead of George Salmon are open to the public.

Other nearby attractions include the Aztec Ruins, about 15 mi to the north in the town of Aztec, and the Chaco Culture National Historical Park, approximately 50 mi to the south.

Government
Bloomfield's government consists of four council members elected at large and a mayor. Members of the City Council serve with minimal financial compensation. The current mayor of Bloomfield is Cynthia Atencio.

Felix v. City of Bloomfield
In April 2007, Bloomfield attracted attention and some controversy when the city council voted unanimously to erect a stone monument of the Ten Commandments at the city hall. Two residents sued the city in 2012 "alleging it violated their constitutional rights and represented a government endorsement of religion". In August 2014, a federal judge ruled the monument must be removed. The city's response to the lawsuit was that it was a local group that paid for the memorial and they had added a disclaimer. A district judge decided that a "reasonable observer would interpret the monument as the government endorsing a religion". The ACLU became involved and the city asked the Supreme Court to hear the case, but was refused. The city owed court fees of $700,000 to the ACLU and the monument was moved to "property owned by a Baptist church. The city has been looking for outside funds to pay the fee, but in June 2018, it released its 2019 budget which calls for "paying $233,000 toward the money it owes from the ... lawsuit". The city has until 2021 to pay the amount in full. Hemant Mehta stated that the "city officials were goaded by the Christian Right into fighting back. "

title: Bloomfield, New Mexico


text:
Farmington, New Mexico

Farmington (Navajo: Tóta') is a city in San Juan County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 46,624 people. Farmington (and surrounding San Juan County) makes up one of the four metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in New Mexico.

Farmington is located at the junction of the San Juan River, the Animas River, and the La Plata River, and is located on the Colorado Plateau. Farmington is the largest city of San Juan County, one of the geographically largest counties in the United States covering 5538 sqmi. Farmington serves as the commercial hub for most of northwestern New Mexico and the Four Corners region of four states. Farmington lies at or near the junction of several highways: U.S. Highway 64, New Mexico Highway 170, New Mexico Highway 371, and New Mexico Highway 516.

It is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

The primary non-government industries of Farmington are the production of petroleum, natural gas, and coal and its function as a major retail hub. Outside of Farmington, the Navajo Mine (coal), operated by the Navajo Transitional Energy Company (NTEC), is used entirely for fuel for the nearby Four Corners Generating Station to produce electric power.

History
The area that is now Farmington was settled by Ancestral Pueblo people in the 7th Century. Ruins can be visited at nearby Salmon Ruins and at the Aztec Ruins. When the Ancestral Puebloans left the area, the Navajos, Jicarilla Apaches, and Utes moved into the area. A key part of the region was known in Navajo as Tóta' which means "where three rivers meet".

Although Spanish and American mineral prospecting happened in the area, there were few permanent settlements. In 1868, the Navajo Nation was created, taking up the western half of San Juan County. Six years later, the U.S. government offered territory in the rest of San Juan County to the Jicarilla Apache but they refused. As a result, the area was opened for settlement and a number of settlers moved into the region from Southern Colorado. The area was originally known as "Junction City" because of the access to the three rivers.

In 1901 the town was incorporated and named Farmington with a population of 548. By September 19, 1905, the railroad was finished connecting Farmington to Durango, Colorado, expanding economic and settlement opportunities. It was unusual in that it was a standard-gauge railway that connected to the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad narrow-gauge lines of southwestern Colorado. The railroad converted the line to narrow gauge in 1923. The line was abandoned in 1968 and dismantled to Durango in 1969. In addition, in the 1920s there was significant investment in natural gas and oil in the area, although actual production remained low until the 1950s. With construction of a developed road connecting Farmington to U.S. Route 66 and Albuquerque in the 1940s and the construction of the San Juan Basin Natural Gas Pipeline in 1953 – a venture led by Tom Bolack – the population expanded significantly. However, the significant connection to the energy industry made the economics of the town largely vulnerable to international market fluctuations during the 1970s energy crisis and resulted in some economic diversification.

In 1967, as part of a joint U.S. Government-El Paso Electric operation, an underground nuclear detonation occurred 50 mi east of Farmington and about 25 mi south of Dulce, New Mexico in present-day Carson National Forest. This pilot project of Operation Plowshare, code-named Project Gasbuggy, was an attempt to fracture a large volume of underground bedrock to make more natural gas available for extraction by gas wells.

The people of Farmington have been the subject of several civil rights investigations, including the 2005 report, The Farmington Report: Civil Rights for Native Americans 30 Years Later.

On March 18, 1950, Farmington was the site of a mass UFO sighting in which over half the town's population was reported to have seen large saucers in the sky flying at rapid speeds.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Farmington has a total area of 32.0 sqmi, of which 31.5 sqmi is land and 0.5 sqmi is water.

Climate
Farmington has a semi-arid climate. Despite its altitude of 5473 ft, the city can experience hot summers and cold winters with low precipitation throughout the year. The average annual snowfall is 12.3 in.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 45,895 people and 17,548 housing units in Farmington. The racial makeup of the city was 62.8% White (including 52.4% White non-Hispanic), 1.0% African American, 22.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.4% of the population.

There were 16,466 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.19.

Arts and culture
Farmington has been the home of the Connie Mack World Series baseball tournament, played in August every year at Ricketts Park (capacity 5,072), since 1965 (except in 2020, when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Connie Mack league regular season play includes players age 16 to 18. The Connie Mack World Series consists of 10 or more teams from various regions around the United States, including Puerto Rico.

Farmington holds a riverfest once a year. Area rivers are celebrated with a festival of music, fine arts, food, entertainment, a 10K and 5K run and walk, riverside trail walks, and river raft rides.

Piñon Hills Golf Course, designed by Ken Dye, in Farmington is one of the United States' Top Municipal Golf Courses. Owned and operated by the City of Farmington, Pinon Hills has been ranked in the Top Municipal Golf Courses by Golfweek Magazine for several years.

Fishing, fly and reel, is a very popular activity in Farmington. Fishing is permitted on the San Juan River, Navajo Lake, Lake Farmington, Morgan Lake, the Animas River, Jackson Lake and Cutter Dam.

Education
The Farmington Municipal School District serves over 10,000 students in grades K-12 in 20 schools. The high schools are Farmington High School, Piedra Vista High School, Rocinante High School, and San Juan College High School. There are four middle schools, Heights, Hermosa, Mesa View and Tibbetts. New Mexico School for the Deaf operates a preschool facility in Farmington. Navajo Preparatory School is a Bureau of Indian Education-affiliated tribal school.

There are six private schools, if Navajo Preparatory is counted as one. The National Center for Education Statistics counts Navajo Prep as public. Sacred Heart School, Farmington (K-8), of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup, was established in 1910.

San Juan College is a public two-year college with - as of Fall 2021 - a per-semester headcount of almost 6,000 persons, and a full time equivalent (FTE) enrollment of just over 3,000.

Farmington Public Library moved into a new building in 2003 and holds about 200,000 items in its collection. There was a branch library in Shiprock that is currently closed.

Air

 * Farmington is served by Four Corners Regional Airport.

Highways

 * U.S. Highway 64 is the major east–west highway through San Juan County and across Farmington.
 * New Mexico State Road 170 extends northward from U.S. Highway 64 to the Colorado state line.
 * New Mexico State Road 371 connects southward from U.S. Highway 64 to Interstate 40. It passes almost exclusively through the Navajo Indian reservation, and passes through only a few small towns or villages (such as Crownpoint and Thoreau). It is also the primary means of accessing the Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness area.
 * New Mexico State Road 516 is a southwest-northeast connector between Farmington and U.S. Highway 550 in Aztec.
 * U.S. Highway 550 does not run through Farmington (nearby in Bloomfield and Aztec), but is a commonly referenced arterial by Farmington as a means to connect with central New Mexico, Interstate 25, Albuquerque, and (via I-25) the capital city of Santa Fe.

Intercity bus

 * There is intercity bus service in Farmington, The Red Apple Transit.
 * North Central Regional Transit District provides bus service from Chama, NM and Dulce, NM.
 * The Navajo Transit System provides regional bus service to the Navajo Nation. Farmington is served by Route 07a from Newcomb, NM to Fort Defiance, AZ and Route 07b from Newcomb, NM to Shiprock, NM.

Electricity

 * The Farmington Electric Utility System (FEUS) is owned and operated by the City of Farmington, serving approximately 46,000 metered customers.  Its service territory covers 1,718 square miles and encompasses the city, much of San Juan County, and a small portion of Rio Arriba County.
 * As of June 2021, the City generates approximately 36% of its consumed power from its own gas-fired generation facilities, 17% from the Navajo Dam hydroelectric facility, and the remainder purchased from third party generation resources.
 * Aside from Navajo Lake (where generation facilities were established in 1988), a nominal amount of expansion of its owned generation facilities has been using renewable resources. Renewable energy is predominantly sourced from external third parties or via purchasing agreements with net metered facilities in its service area.

Water and wastewater

 * The City's water comes from Farmington Lake, which is sourced from and fed using pumps located on the Animas River. Water and wasterwater treatment facilities, operations, and management are all contracted by the City to Jacobs Engineering Solutions.

Solid waste

 * The City contracts all solid waste operations to Waste Management (of New Mexico) Inc., including general solid waste, recycling facilities and operations, and hazardous waste disposal. Disposal of City waste is done at the San Juan County Landfill, owned by the county and also operated by Waster Management of New Mexico.

Telecommunications

 * Cable service (television and Internet) is provided by Xfinity.
 * Landline service (telephone and Internet) is provided by CenturyLink (Lumens Technologies).
 * Mobile service (telephone and Internet) is provided by all major carriers. As of October 2023, 5G cellular service is made available via T-mobile and other major cellular providers.

Politics
As of August 2022, Farmington had approximately 28,548 active registered voters. There were 24.4% unaffiliated with a party, 51.0% Republican, 22.2% Democratic, 1.2% Libertarian, and 1.2% various other parties. Like the rest of San Juan County, it is a politically conservative community surrounded by generally more liberal counties, and situated within an overall more liberal/left-leaning state.

Voting has historically strongly favored conservative ideals and candidates, although state and local government bonds and other tax-imposing initiatives are almost always approved by the electorate.

Notable people

 * Tom Bolack (1918–1998), Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico; Mayor of Farmington; oilman; rancher
 * Mike Dunn (born 1985), athlete, Major League Baseball pitcher for the Colorado Rockies and the Miami Marlins
 * Larry Echo Hawk (born 1948), former Attorney General of Idaho, 10th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, and general authority emeritus of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 * Harris Hartz (born 1947), U.S. federal judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
 * Charly Martin (born 1984), NFL player
 * Ralph Neely (born 1943), NFL offensive lineman for Dallas Cowboys
 * Alana Nichols (born 1983), Paralympic gold medalist in alpine skiing and wheelchair basketball
 * Onry Ozzborn (born 1979), rapper and founding member of Grayskul
 * Chevel Shepherd (born 2002), singer and winner of the 15th season of The Voice
 * Chase Silseth (born 2000), MLB pitcher for the Los Angeles Angels
 * Sleep (born 1976), rapper and member of The Chicharones
 * Melanie Stansbury (born 1979), U.S. Representative, former state representative and scientist
 * Duane Ward (born 1964), athlete, MLB pitcher for Toronto Blue Jays and Atlanta Braves
 * Dale Whittington (1959–2003), racing driver
 * Kenneth L. Worley (1948–1968), U.S. Marine who received the Medal of Honor

title: Farmington, New Mexico


text:
Flora Vista, New Mexico

Flora Vista is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,383 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area. Flora Vista was founded in 1877 by settlers from Colorado who built cabins along the Animas River. A post office was established the following year. The name derived from the view of wildflowers in the valley.

Geography
Flora Vista is located at 36.80215°N, -108.0826°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 sqmi, of which 2.0 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (1.93%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,383 people, 504 households, and 406 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 679.8 PD/sqmi. There were 537 housing units at an average density of 264.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.13% White, 0.29% African American, 3.33% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 5.21% from other races, and 3.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.79% of the population.

There were 504 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 15.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $46,157, and the median income for a family was $46,071. Males had a median income of $40,481 versus $20,125 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,189. About 8.1% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.6% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Flora Vista is served by two public school districts – Aztec and Farmington. Aztec High School is the local high school of the former.

title: Flora Vista, New Mexico


text:
Huerfano, New Mexico

Huerfano is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 104 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area. Huerfano is named after El Huerfano Mountain, located a mile to the northeast.

Geography
Huerfano is located at 36.52639°N, -108.03111°W (36.526359, -108.031135).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 26.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 104 people, 28 households, and 22 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3.9 people per square mile (1.5/km2). There were 36 housing units at an average density of 1.3 per square mile (0.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.04% Native American and 0.96% White.

There were 28 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.71 and the average family size was 4.32.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $24,583. Males had a median income of $18,750 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,333. None of the population is below the poverty line.

Education
The community of Huerfano is part of the Bloomfield School District. Bloomfield High School is the local high school.

title: Huerfano, New Mexico


text:
Kirtland, New Mexico

Kirtland is a town, made up of part of the former census-designated place (CDP) of the same name in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population of the former CDP was 6,190 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Kirtland was founded in the early 1880s by Mormon settlers, who named it after Kirtland, Ohio. (Reflecting its history and principal demographic, the city's principal thoroughfare is Brigham Street, with a Mormon meetinghouse on the street and a release-time seminary building across the street from Kirtland Central High School.) There had been a few Mormons who had settled in Fruitland as early as 1878. As of 2000, Fruitland was designated as part of Kirtland for census purposes. Another Mormon settlement of these early days was Waterflow, just west of Fruitland, which appears on maps to this day. A Mormon meetinghouse was dedicated in Kirtland by Heber J. Grant in 1928.

The town incorporated in January 2015, after an 80–40 vote in favor of doing so.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.670 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,190 people, 1,822 households, and 1,517 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 530.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,994 housing units at an average density of 170.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 48.93% Native American, 43.38% White, 0.24% Asian, 0.19% African American, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 4.26% from other races, and 2.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.45% of the population.

There were 1,822 households, out of which 50.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.7% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.40 and the average family size was 3.71.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.4% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $45,000, and the median income for a family was $45,491. Males had a median income of $41,014 versus $21,146 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,053. About 12.5% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.6% of those under age 18 and 9.607% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Kirtland as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

title: Kirtland, New Mexico


text:
Nageezi, New Mexico

Nageezi ( meaning "squash" ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 296 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area. A post office was established in 1941. Nageezi's name in Navajo means "squash."

Geography
Nageezi is located at 36.2575°N, -107.74528°W (36.257608, -107.745175).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 14.3 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 296 people, 83 households, and 73 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 20.7 people per square mile (8.0/km2). There were 115 housing units at an average density of 8.0 per square mile (3.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.32% Native American and 0.68% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.

There were 83 households, out of which 53.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 26.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.0% were non-families. 12.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.57 and the average family size was 3.81.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.5% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $11,042, and the median income for a family was $11,042. The per capita income for the CDP was $3,502. About 64.0% of families and 75.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 100% of those under the age of 18 and 28% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community of Nageezi is part of the Bloomfield School District. Bloomfield High School is the local high school.

title: Nageezi, New Mexico


text:
Napi Headquarters, New Mexico

Napi Headquarters is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 706 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Napi Headquarters is located at 36.65306°N, -108.21972°W (36.653183, -108.219714).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 706 people, 160 households, and 148 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 214.3 PD/sqmi. There were 187 housing units at an average density of 56.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.70% White, 0.14% African American, 97.31% Native American, 0.14% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.97% of the population.

There were 160 households, out of which 74.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 38.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 7.5% were non-families. 5.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.41 and the average family size was 4.47.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 50.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 9.1% from 45 to 64, and 2.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 18 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $15,875, and the median income for a family was $20,069. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $12,955 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,335. About 46.1% of families and 48.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 55.2% of those under age 18 and 100.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community of Napi Headquarters is served by Farmington Municipal Schools.

title: Napi Headquarters, New Mexico


text:
Naschitti, New Mexico

Naschitti is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 360 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town was established in 1886, when Tom Bryan set up a trading post east of the Chuska Mountains. With a Navajo name, Naschitti means "badger springs."

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.5 sqmi, of which 2.5 sqmi is land and 0.40% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 360 people, 92 households, and 77 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 142.9 PD/sqmi. There were 107 housing units at an average density of 42.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.94% Native American, 2.50% White, and 0.56% from two or more races.

There were 92 households, out of which 51.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 26.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.3% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.91 and the average family size was 4.36.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.4% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,750, and the median income for a family was $42,361. Males had a median income of $26,667 versus $28,088 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,226. None of the families and 5.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Naschitti as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

title: Naschitti, New Mexico


text:
Nenahnezad, New Mexico

Nenahnezad is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 726 at the 2000 census. Nenahnezad is a chapter community just to the south of Fruitland, between the towns of Farmington and Shiprock. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.6 sqmi, of which 3.5 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (2.22%) is water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 726 people, 193 households and 154 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 205.6 PD/sqmi. There were 231 housing units at an average density of 65.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.52% Native American, 0.69% White, 0.14% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.93% of the population.

There were 193 households, of which 45.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 25.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.76 and the average family size was 4.38.

38.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median household income was $22,054 and the median family income was $21,250. Males had a median income of $25,156 vcompared with $15,577 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,041. About 51.4% of families and 59.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 63.0% of those under age 18 and 49.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) operates the Nenahnezad Community School.

Central Consolidated Schools serves Nenahnezad as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

title: Nenahnezad, New Mexico


text:
Newcomb, New Mexico

Newcomb is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 387 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways. Newcomb was founded in 1887 when Joseph Wilkin and Henry Noel set up a trading post. It was known as Crozier from 1903 to 1919.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 387 people, 123 households, and 84 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 65.1 PD/sqmi. There were 138 housing units at an average density of 23.2 per square mile (9.0/km$2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 83.20% Native American, 13.70% White, 0.26% African American, 0.52% from other races, and 2.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.81% of the population.

There were 123 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.3% were married couples living together, 26.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.95.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $16,500, and the median income for a family was $19,000. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $34,205 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,584. About 52.0% of families and 48.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 61.9% of those under age 18 and 51.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Newcomb as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

Notable person

 * Navajo painter Arthur Begay was born in Newcomb.
 * Navajo rug weaver Clara Sherman was born near Newcomb.

title: Newcomb, New Mexico


text:
Ojo Amarillo, New Mexico

Ojo Amarillo is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 829 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 829 people, 174 households, and 163 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 434.8 PD/sqmi. There were 193 housing units at an average density of 101.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.54% Native American, 1.57% White, 0.12% African American, 0.48% from other races, and 2.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population.

There were 174 households, out of which 72.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 34.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 6.3% were non-families. 4.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.76 and the average family size was 4.84.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 49.3% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 12.9% from 45 to 64, and 1.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 18 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $30,662, and the median income for a family was $24,356. Males had a median income of $32,000 versus $11,458 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,661. About 39.1% of families and 36.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.1% of those under age 18 and 71.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Ojo Amarillo as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

title: Ojo Amarillo, New Mexico


text:
Sanostee, New Mexico

Sanostee is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 429 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.5 sqmi, of which 4.5 sqmi is land and 0.22% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 429 people, 107 households, and 94 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 95.4 PD/sqmi. There were 156 housing units at an average density of 34.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.53% Native American, 0.23% White, 0.23% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

There were 107 households, out of which 55.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 27.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.1% were non-families. 10.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.01 and the average family size was 4.31.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 42.2% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $22,212, and the median income for a family was $22,604. Males had a median income of $19,667 versus $12,188 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,926. About 38.5% of families and 47.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.4% of those under age 18 and 26.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Sanostee as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

title: Sanostee, New Mexico


text:
Sheep Springs, New Mexico

Sheep Springs is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 237 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.9 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 237 people, 57 households, and 49 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 39.9 PD/sqmi. There were 71 housing units at an average density of 11.9 per square mile (4.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.20% Native American, 1.27% White, 1.69% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.95% of the population.

There were 57 households, out of which 63.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.1% were married couples living together, 40.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.3% were non-families. 7.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.16 and the average family size was 4.34.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 49.8% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 8.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 18 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $11,786, and the median income for a family was $11,429. Males had a median income of $15,750 versus $45,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $4,260. About 67.9% of families and 72.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 72.2% of those under the age of 18 and 100.0% of those 65 or over.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Sheep Springs as well as other communities in western San Juan County.

title: Sheep Springs, New Mexico


text:
Shiprock, New Mexico

Shiprock is an unincorporated community on the Navajo reservation in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 7,718 people in the 2020 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Shiprock as a census-designated place (CDP). It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Shiprock is named after the nearby Shiprock rock formation. Since 1903, the town has been called Naat’áanii Nééz (meaning “tall leader” in the Navajo language) after the San Juan Indian Agency superintendent William T. Shelton who settled Shiprock for the United States government.

Diné College is a local four-year college (formerly Navajo Community College), a tribally controlled community college with seven other campuses across the Navajo Nation. It is the site of a Chapter House for the Navajo, a Bureau of Indian Affairs agency and the Northern Navajo Medical Center (an Indian Health Service hospital).

The town is a key road junction for truck traffic and tourists visiting the Four Corners, Mesa Verde, Shiprock and the Grand Canyon. It lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 64 and U.S. Route 491 (formerly U.S. Route 666). The annual Northern Navajo Fair is held every October. Since 1984, the community has hosted the Shiprock Marathon and Relay.

History
Shiprock was founded on September 11, 1903, by San Juan Agency superintendent William Taylor Shelton after being assigned to the northern Navajo by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. A former U.S. government instructor in agriculture at the Cherokee School in Yellow Hill, North Carolina (now Cherokee, NC), Shelton had moved up through BIA ranks to be given the appointment to open an Indian agency and boarding school. He founded Shiprock Indian School and administrative agency with a staff of three white and three Navajo employees. Shiprock Indian Boarding School remained until the American Indian boarding school system was phased out in the early 1980s.

The settlement encompassed land originally belonging to Tséheya Begay. According to one of Shelton's early reports, Navajo had been irrigating the land for many years, with 275 farms drawing water from approximately 25 ditches between the Shiprock area and Farmington. Under Shelton, the agency expanded the irrigation system and developed a dairy herd as part of its agricultural program; a sawmill near Sanostee and coal mine in the Hogback area were also developed. Early buildings in Shiprock were constructed of log and adobe, but brick replaced these materials after the disastrous flood of 1912. The superintendent was known as a disciplinarian who was ruthless in his prosecution of “moral lapses,” but is said to have been generally respected throughout the region, particularly for his efforts in adding the Utah-Colorado extension to the main Navajo Reservation.

Navajo Corrections operated the Shiprock District Department of Corrections jail facility in Shiprock. It had a capacity of twelve, and after being cited for mold complaints, closed in 2021.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 16.2 sqmi, of which 15.9 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi (2.10%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,156 people, 2,184 households, and 1,847 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 513.6 PD/sqmi. There were 2,594 housing units at an average density of 163.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.74% Native American, 2.17% White, 0.16% African American, 0.12% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population. In 2010, the population of Shiprock was 8,295, which is an increase of +1.7% since 2000.

There were 2,184 households, out of which 52.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 28.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.4% were non-families. 13.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.73 and the average family size was 4.06.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.6% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 4.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,523, and the median income for a family was $24,951. Males had a median income of $24,032 versus $17,328 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,967. About 38.3% of families and 39.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.2% of those under age 18 and 47.5% of those age 65 or over. In 2010, estimated median household income was $31,805, which is 29.7% above the value in 2000 (it was $24,523 in 2000).

Government
The Shiprock Chapter government is a branch of the Navajo Nation government which exercise varied delegated powers and governmental authority in accordance with Navajo statutory, regulatory, and common law. The basis of local government for the Navajo Reservation, the Chapter was initiated in 1922 as a means of improving agricultural conditions at a local level. Later the Chapter became the basic political subdivision of Navajo Tribal Government. The Chapters elect representatives to the Navajo Tribal Council, the legislative branch of Navajo government.

Education
The Central Consolidated School District serves Shiprock as well as other communities in western San Juan County. Shiprock is home to Shiprock High School, Career Prep High School, Tsé Bit'a'í Middle School, Mesa Elementary School, Nizhoni Elementary School, Eva B. Stokely Elementary School

Shiprock Associated Schools, Inc., associated with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), operates Atsá Biyáázh Community School and Shiprock Northwest High School (7th to 12th grade).

Film location
The 1987 film Made in U.S.A. directed by Ken Friedman and starring Adrian Pasdar, Chris Penn and Lori Singer is partially referred to Shiprock.

The 2017 documentary Mayors of Shiprock focuses on the group of native youths who are making a positive change in their community.

Notable people

 * Joyce Begay-Foss, Navajo weaver, educator, and curator, was born in Shiprock.
 * Amber Midthunder, Sioux Actress best known for her work as Naru in the movie Prey, was born in Shiprock.
 * Orville Tsinnie (1943–2017), Navajo silversmith and jeweler

title: Shiprock, New Mexico


text:
Upper Fruitland, New Mexico

Upper Fruitland ( is roughly translated as "a place where animals do not get fat" or "the condition where there is no fat on the animals." ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,664 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Farmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.8 square miles (20.2 km$2$), of which 7.5 square miles (19.4 km$2$) is land and 0.3 square mile (0.8 km$2$) (3.98%) is water.

Upper Fruitland should not be confused with Fruitland, which is located across the San Juan River. Upper Fruitland is inside the boundaries of the Navajo Reservation, whereas Fruitland is not.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,664 people, 431 households, and 374 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 222.6 PD/sqmi. There were 468 housing units at an average density of 62.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.78% Native American, 0.96% White, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.44% of the population.

There were 431 households, out of which 53.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 23.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.0% were non-families. 10.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.86 and the average family size was 4.16.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 37.8% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,096, and the median income for a family was $26,346. Males had a median income of $19,567 versus $15,822 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,246. About 27.7% of families and 26.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under age 18 and 58.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Central Consolidated Schools serves Upper Fruitland as well as other communities in western San Juan Couty.

title: Upper Fruitland, New Mexico


text:
Las Vegas, New Mexico

Las Vegas, often known simply as Vegas, is a city in and the county seat of San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. Once two separate municipalities (one a city and the other a town), both were named Las Vegas—West Las Vegas ("Old Town") and East Las Vegas ("New Town"); they are separated by the Gallinas River and retain distinct characters and separate, rival school districts.

The population was 13,166 at the 2020 census. Las Vegas is located 110 mi south of Raton, 65 mi east of Santa Fe, 122 mi northeast of Albuquerque, 257 mi south of Colorado Springs, Colorado, and 326 mi south of Denver.

History
Las Vegas was established in 1835 after a group of settlers received a land grant from the Mexican government. (The land had previously been granted to Luis Mara Cabeza de Baca, whose family later received a settlement.) The town was laid out in the traditional Spanish Colonial style, with a central plaza surrounded by buildings which could serve as fortifications in case of attack. Las Vegas soon prospered as a stop on the Santa Fe Trail. During the Mexican–American War in 1846, Stephen W. Kearny delivered an address at the Plaza of Las Vegas claiming New Mexico for the United States. In 1847, the town was the site of the Battle of Las Vegas, which was a part of the broader Taos Revolt by local Hispanos and Pueblo peoples against United States forces. In 1860, the United States Congress passed a law allowing the Cabeza de Baca heirs to choose other grants in lieu of their Las Vegas grant.

In 1877 Las Vegas College, the precursor to Regis University, was founded in Las Vegas by a group of exiled Italian Jesuits. In 1887, Las Vegas College moved to Denver whereupon the name was changed.

The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad arrived at Las Vegas from the north on July 4, 1879. To maintain control of development rights, it established a station and related development one mile (1.6 km) east of the Plaza, creating a separate, rival New Town, as occurred elsewhere in the Old West. The same competing development occurred in Albuquerque, for instance. During the railroad era Las Vegas boomed, quickly becoming one of the largest cities in the American Southwest. Turn-of-the-century Las Vegas featured all the modern amenities, including an electric street railway, the "Duncan Opera House" at the northeast corner of 6th Street and Douglas Avenue, a Carnegie library, the Castañeda Hotel (a major Harvey House), and the New Mexico Normal School (now New Mexico Highlands University). Since the decline and restructuring of the railroad industry began in the 1950s, the city's population has remained relatively constant. Although the two towns have been combined, separate school districts have been maintained (Las Vegas City Schools and West Las Vegas School District).

The anti-colonist organization Las Gorras Blancas was active in the area in the 1890s.

Cowboy Reunions
Beginning in 1915, the Las Vegas Cowboys' Reunions were held annually until 1931; then in 1939, the Cowboys' Reunions were re-established. Their slogan was, "Git Fer Vegas, Cowboy!" These reunions were organized by a group of ranching families and cowboys which soon became the Las Vegas Cowboys' Reunion Association. The Reunions celebrated ranching life, which began in northern New Mexico in the early 1800s and continues into the 21st century. The annual affair included pie eating contests, barbecues, parades, banquets, balls, and "ranch rodeos." In the early years, celebrities—cowhands as well as big-name bands, movie stars like Tom Mix, and artists such as Randall Davey—came to Las Vegas for this event. In later years, famous cowhands participated in the Cowboys' Reunion Rodeos. The Cowboys' Reunions reflected the occupations of the area and attracted huge crowds for their four days of events. In 1952, the Cowboys' Reunion Association invited the Rough Riders Association to join them at the annual rodeo.

Outlaws
The arrival of the railroad in 1879 brought with it businesses, development and new residents, both respectable and dubious. Murderers, robbers, thieves, gamblers, gunmen, swindlers, vagrants, and tramps poured in, transforming the eastern side of the settlement into a virtually lawless brawl. Among the notorious characters were such legends of the Old West as: dentist Doc Holliday and his girlfriend Big Nose Kate, Dave Rudabaugh, Jesse James, Billy the Kid, Wyatt Earp, Mysterious Dave Mather, Hoodoo Brown, and Handsome Harry the Dancehall Rustler.

Historian Ralph Emerson Twitchell once claimed regarding the Old West, "Without exception there was no town which harbored a more disreputable gang of desperadoes and outlaws than did Las Vegas."

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.5 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Las Vegas has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk).

Natural disasters
In late winter and spring of 2022, Las Vegas and surrounding areas of San Miguel and Mora counties experienced the Calf Canyon/Hermits Peak Fire. The fire burned 341,471 acres, making it the largest blaze in New Mexico's recorded history.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,565 people, 5,588 households, and 3,559 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,938.2 PD/sqmi. There were 6,366 housing units at an average density of 847.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 54.21% White, 0.99% African American, 1.96% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 37.19% from other races, and 4.95% from two or more races. Hispanic people of any race were 82.94% of the population.

As noted in the chart to the right, the population of Las Vegas peaked at 14,753 in 1990. By 2019, the estimated population had decreased 12.43% to 12,919.

There were 5,588 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.0% were married couples living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median income in 2019 for a household in the city was $26,561 as compared to the New Mexico median income of $49,754 and the national median of $62,843. The median income for a family in Las Vegas was $29,797. Males had a median income of $26,319 versus $21,731 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20.080 as compared to $34,103 nationally as noted in the 2019 Census estimate. In the past, 24.3% of families and 27.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.7% of those under age 18 and 20.1% of those age 65 or over. The most recent figures (2019) as provided by the U. S. Census Bureau estimate the total number of persons (all ages) at or below the poverty line has increased to 35.6%. This is significantly higher than the national average of 10.5% and the State average of 18.2%.

Libraries and museums
New Mexico Highlands University, founded 1893, is home to the Thomas C. Donnelly Library. It supports the teaching, research and community activities of New Mexico Highlands University. It acquires, organizes, preserves and provides access to pertinent information and scholarly materials for curricular needs, intellectual pursuits and personal enrichment of its clientele. It promotes programs and services that emphasize the diversity of the university's multicultural community and heritage. An addition increased the square footage from 23,700 to 53,500 and now holds a book collection of almost 200,000 volumes.

Las Vegas' Carnegie Library, established in 1904, is the only surviving Carnegie Library in New Mexico. Built from a $10,000 donation from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, its Neo-Classical Revival architecture resembles Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. The library sits in the middle of a park that occupies an entire city block, bordered by Victorian-style homes and buildings.

The City of Las Vegas Museum & Rough Rider Memorial on Grand Avenue, dedicated in 1940, was first established by the decision of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders regiment (the first Volunteer Cavalry Regiment of the Spanish–American War), who named Las Vegas its official reunion home. Their first reunion was held in Las Vegas, June 1899.

The museum, free and open to the public, houses a memorial collection of artifacts, archives and photographs from the Rough Riders and mementos in relation to the 1898 Cuban Campaign of the Spanish–American War, with information on over 200 members of the original regiment, RRR Association documents, etc. The museum illuminates the history of Las Vegas, its connection to the Rough Riders, the Santa Fe Trail and the development of New Mexico. It features collections of local Native American pottery, household items, costumes, ranching and farming equipment, agricultural and mercantile operations, and home life.

Housed in a 1940 Works Progress Administration-funded building, the museum is built of stone, with Pueblo Revival nuances.

Architecture
Las Vegas has numerous historic structures (mostly railroad-era houses and commercial buildings), with over 900 listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Although many buildings are in varying states of deterioration, others have been restored or are awaiting restoration. Some of the city's notable buildings include:

 * Dr. H.J. Mueller House, now a Bed and Breakfast called Crow's Nest Bed and Breakfast. An 1881 example of Victorian eclecticism with unusual octagonal tower
 * Plaza Hotel, 1881, site of the first reunion of Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders in 1899
 * Old City Hall, New Mexico's first municipal building, completed in 1892
 * Louis Fort House, Queen Anne house on Carnegie Park, built in 1895
 * Masonic Temple, Richardsonian Romanesque building erected in 1895
 * Castañeda Hotel, mission-style Harvey House built in 1898
 * Carnegie Library, built in 1903 at the center of Carnegie Park and modeled after Monticello

Public schools
The City of Las Vegas is served by two public school districts.
 * Las Vegas City Schools serves the east side of Las Vegas.
 * West Las Vegas School District serves the west side of Las Vegas.

The City of Las Vegas has two major high schools:
 * Robertson High School
 * West Las Vegas High School

Colleges
Las Vegas is the home of New Mexico Highlands University, an important university in New Mexico especially for teacher training. Highlands has long had an excellent science, drama, art, and foreign language faculty. The art department was nationally renowned in the 1950s to 1970s and beyond. The university sponsors intercollegiate athletics and is a member of NCAA II and the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.

Also nearby, north of Las Vegas, is Luna Community College. The United World College in nearby Montezuma, New Mexico is a two-year international high school and one of the venues used by the International Baccalaureate Program for teacher training in the United States.

Transportation
Railway
 * Las Vegas Amtrak Station is a stop on the Southwest Chief route.

Airport
 * Las Vegas Municipal Airport serves single engine planes, small commercial jets, and helicopters.

Major highways
 * Interstate 25
 * Interstate 40 (55 miles to the south via U.S. Route 84)

Bus service
 * The city of Las Vegas operates Meadow City Express, a demand-responsive transport system.
 * NMDOT Park and Ride operates intercity bus service from Las Vegas to Santa Fe.

Films and television
Movies and television shows filmed in and around Las Vegas include:

 * The 2003 film Blind Horizon
 * Most of the 2007 Coen brothers' No Country for Old Men was filmed here.
 * The 2012 A&E TV series Longmire starring Robert Taylor and Katee Sackhoff and set in Wyoming was filmed in Las Vegas.
 * The TV series House of Cards filmed in Las Vegas in November 2014 for two weeks. The footage was used in the third-season finale.
 * The 1984 movie Red Dawn.

Media
Las Vegas has a bi-weekly newspaper, the Las Vegas Optic. It is published on Wednesday and Friday.

The Fort Union Drive-in theater is located on 7th Street in Las Vegas.

Notable people

 * Antonia Apodaca (1923–2020), musician
 * Paula Angel (1842–1861), murderer, only woman to be executed in post-colonial New Mexico
 * Jesusita Aragón (1908–2005), midwife
 * S. Omar Barker (1894–1985), oft-recited cowboy poet; born in a log cabin in New Mexico, where he lived his entire life as a rancher, legislator, WW1 veteran, teacher and writer
 * Margaret Herrera Chávez (1912–1992), painter
 * Ann Nolan Clark (1896–1995), teacher in public schools and reservations, writer of children's multicultural books
 * Teresa Leger Fernandez (born 1959), attorney, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (current)
 * Wally Funk (born 1939), aviator, astronaut, and Goodwill Ambassador
 * Fabiola Cabeza de Baca Gilbert (1894–1991), educator, nutritionist, activist, writer, inventor of the u-shaped fried taco shell
 * Pelham D. Glassford (1883–1959), U.S. Army brigadier general
 * Eddie Guerrero (1967–2005), professional wrestler for WWE, wrestled for New Mexico Highlands University
 * Edgar Lee Hewett (1865–1946), archaeologist and anthropologist, founder of the Museum of New Mexico and first president of the New Mexico Normal School (now New Mexico Highlands University)
 * Mari-Luci Jaramillo (1928–2019), educator and U.S. Ambassador to Honduras under Jimmy Carter
 * Andrieus A. Jones (1862–1927), school principal and attorney, mayor of Las Vegas (1893–1894), United States Senator (1917–1927)
 * Yetta Kohn (1843–1917), an early settler and businesswoman of Las Vegas, who became a successful New Mexican cattle rancher
 * Margaret Larkin (1899–1967), writer and musician; born in Las Vegas
 * Ray Leger (1925–2009), educator and member of the New Mexico Senate
 * Pola Lopez (born 1954), artist
 * George J. Maloof Sr. (1923–1980), heir and businessman; born in Las Vegas
 * Frank Olmstead (1923–2004), mayor of Las Vegas and 18th Auditor of New Mexico
 * Patrick Swayze (1952–2009), actor, dancer and singer-songwriter; owned a ranch on the Gallinas River near Las Vegas

title: Las Vegas, New Mexico


text:
Pecos, New Mexico

Pecos is a village in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,392 at the 2010 census, shrinking slower than other parts of San Miguel County, partly because Pecos is within commuting distance of Santa Fe. The village is built along the Pecos River, which flows from the north out of the Santa Fe National Forest. Notable locations nearby include Pecos National Historical Park, Glorieta Pass, and Pecos Benedictine Monastery. It is also an entry point for hunting, fishing, hiking and camping in the Pecos Wilderness. The closest metropolitan area is the Santa Fe metropolitan area, approximately 26 miles (42 km) to the west.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.7 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,441 people, 542 households, and 383 families residing in the village. The population density was 830.3 PD/sqmi. There were 628 housing units at an average density of 361.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 48.91% White, 0.21% African American, 1.39% Native American, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 26.51% from other races, and 2.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 80.08% of the population.

There were 542 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,549, and the median income for a family was $33,828. Males had a median income of $28,625 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,306. About 13.0% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Pecos Independent Schools serves the Village of Pecos as well as rural areas in western San Miguel County.

title: Pecos, New Mexico