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New Jersey Route 42

Route 42 is a state highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey within the Camden area. It runs 14.28 mi from an intersection with U.S. Route 322 (US 322) and County Route 536 Spur (CR 536 Spur) in Monroe Township, Gloucester County, to an intersection with Interstate 76 (I-76) and I-295 in Bellmawr, Camden County. The southern portion of Route 42 is an four-lane divided highway and one of several highways comprising the Black Horse Pike, a road that runs from Camden to Atlantic City. The northern portion is part of a six- to eight-lane freeway referred to locally as the North–South Freeway (or simply the 42 Freeway ) that connects the Atlantic City Expressway to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge (via I-76 and I-676). Major junctions along the route include the Atlantic City Expressway and the southern terminus of Route 168 in Turnersville, Route 168 in Blackwood, and Route 41 and Route 55 in Deptford Township.

Route 42 was originally designated in 1927 to run along the Black Horse Pike between Ferry Avenue in Camden and the present US 40/US 322 split in the McKee City section of Hamilton Township, Atlantic County. In 1953, the southern terminus was cut back to its current terminus in the Williamstown section of Monroe Township to avoid the concurrency it shared with US 322. After the completion of the North–South Freeway between Bellmawr and Turnersville in 1959, Route 42 was moved to this freeway, and the Black Horse Pike north of Turnersville became Route 168.

The freeway portion of Route 42 has been improved many times. Construction work has commenced on a project known as the "I-295/I-76/Route 42 Direct Connection," which is reconstructing the dangerous and congested Route 42/I-295/I-76 interchange in Bellmawr.

Black Horse Pike
Route 42 begins at an intersection with US 322 and CR 536 Spur in Monroe Township, Gloucester County, where it heads to the north on the Black Horse Pike. For the first portion of the route, Route 42 is a divided four–lane arterial highway that intersects various local roads. Some intersections along this section feature jughandles. There are also many businesses lining the highway. The route crosses CR 689 (Berlin-Cross Keys Road) and enters Washington Township. It then intersects the northern terminus of CR 555 (Tuckahoe Road). After the intersection with CR 555, Route 42 intersects three more county routes: CR 655 (Fries Mill Road), CR 639 (Ganttown Road), and CR 651 (Greentree Road). The route meets the western terminus of the Atlantic City Expressway at an interchange, Route 168 continues to the north on the Black Horse Pike, and Route 42 becomes the six–lane North–South Freeway.

North–South Freeway
Upon becoming the North–South Freeway, Route 42 crosses into Gloucester Township, Camden County and comes to the first numbered exit for CR 705, which provides access to Route 168. Following that, the freeway reaches the CR 673 (College Drive) interchange, serving Camden County College to the east and the Gloucester Premium Outlets to the west. CR 534 interchanges with a southbound exit and northbound entrance and then Coles Road interchanges with a northbound exit and southbound entrance. Next, Route 42 encounters Exits 9B and 10A for Route 168. Exit 9B serves northbound Route 168 and provides access to the New Jersey Turnpike, and Exit 10A serves southbound Route 168. CR 681 interchanges after Route 168, with a southbound exit and northbound entrance, and Route 42 enters Gloucester County again in Deptford Township after crossing the South Branch of Big Timber Creek.

In Deptford Township, Route 41 interchanges with a northbound exit and an entrance in both directions. Past this interchange, CR 544 interchanges with a southbound exit and an entrance in both directions. Both of these interchanges provide access to the Deptford Mall and, in the case of the Route 41 interchange, to Route 55 from northbound Route 42 since the northbound lanes have no direct access to Route 55. Route 42 meets the northern terminus of the Route 55 freeway at Exit 13 with a southbound exit and northbound entrance, where it widens to eight lanes. Route 42 crosses the Big Timber Creek into Runnemede, Camden County, where it passes over the New Jersey Turnpike without an interchange. The freeway then enters Bellmawr, where it comes to a northbound exit to southbound I-295 and a southbound entrance from northbound I-295, before it features right-in/right-out ramps with Leaf Avenue, that provide access to CR 753 (Creek Road). Route 42 then continues north to its terminus at I-295 where the North–South Freeway becomes I-76, which heads to Camden and Philadelphia.

The North–South Freeway portion of Route 42 is a major route for daily commuters from southern New Jersey to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, via the Walt Whitman Bridge and Ben Franklin Bridge and weekend commuters from southeastern Pennsylvania to the southern Jersey Shore via Route 55 and the Atlantic City Expressway. Even though Route 42 ends at I-295, the North–South Freeway is sometimes called "Route 42" all the way to the I-76/I-676 split.

Snow removal, litter control, and landscaping of Route 42 between the end of the Atlantic City Expressway and I-295 is performed by the South Jersey Transportation Authority.

History
In 1927, Route 42 was legislated to run along the Black Horse Pike, a road that traces its origins back to 1855. In that year, the Camden and Blackwoodstown Turnpike Company was established by entrepreneurs who had helped create the White Horse Pike to build a gravel road that would run from Camden south to Blackwoodtown and eventually to Atlantic City, from Ferry Avenue in Camden to Route 48 (now US 40) in McKee City. By 1941, US 322 was assigned to follow the routing of Route 42 between Williamstown and McKee City. With the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, which eliminated long concurrencies between U.S. Routes and State Routes, the southern terminus of Route 42 was cut back to Williamstown to avoid the concurrency with US 322. The North–South Freeway portion of Route 42 was originally planned as a parkway in 1932 that would run from the Ben Franklin Bridge in Camden to Atlantic City; however, this proposal never materialized. In the late 1940s, the North–South Freeway was proposed by the New Jersey State Highway Department to run from the Ben Franklin Bridge to Turnersville. In the early 1950s, right-of-way for the freeway was acquired and actual construction of the freeway followed. The Route 42 freeway opened between I-295 in Bellmawr and the Black Horse Pike in Blackwood in 1958. It opened between the Black Horse Pike in Blackwood and Turnersville in 1959. With the completion of the North–South Freeway portion of Route 42, the Black Horse Pike north of Turnersville became Route 168.

Following its completion, the North–South Freeway portion of Route 42 has seen many improvements. In 1965, the freeway was widened to six lanes for most of its length with the northernmost part being widened to eight lanes due to the completion of the Atlantic City Expressway and development occurring along the route. The route had its interchange with Route 55 open in 1985, when the Route 55 Freeway was opened from Route 42 to Route 41 to the south. Between 1996 and August 1999, the route was widened to eight lanes between I-295 and Route 55 in Deptford Township. In the early 2000s, the interchanges with Route 41 and CR 544 in Deptford were rebuilt at a cost of $13 million to improve movements within the area. In October 2003, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) installed exit tabs along the stretch of the freeway portion of Route 42. On August 27, 2010, an interchange opened at CR 673 (College Drive), providing better access to Camden County College.

NJDOT had announced a project to address the missing connections between I-295 and Route 42 to provide an easier connection between the Delaware Valley and points south to Atlantic City and vice versa. This project, dubbed the I-295/Route 42 Missing Moves, would provide connections from I-295 northbound to Route 42 southbound and Route 42 northbound to I-295 southbound by constructing two ramps just south of the I-295/I-76/Route 42 interchange. Construction began in March 2020, and the ramps opened to traffic on November 28, 2023.

Future
In 2013, NJDOT broke ground on a project to construct a straighter roadway for I-295 near the Route 42 interchange. This project, dubbed the I-295/I-76/Route 42 Direct Connection, will reconstruct the dangerous and congested Route 42/I-295/I-76 interchange, which currently requires traffic on I-295 to use 35 mph ramps that merge onto the North–South Freeway for a short distance, among a series of other indirect connections. In 2007, "Alternative D" for the reconstructed interchange was selected, calling for I-295 to cross over the North–South Freeway. This interchange was projected to cost $900 million (equivalent to $ in ). The project is being constructed in four phases and was originally scheduled to be complete in 2021. However, delays in construction, including the collapse of a retaining wall on March 25, 2021, pushed the expected completion date to 2028.

On May 12, 2009, New Jersey Governor Jon S. Corzine and the Delaware River Port Authority, the agency which manages the PATCO Speedline, announced plans for a Camden-Philadelphia BRT (bus rapid transit system) along the Route 42 freeway and the adjacent Route 55 freeway as part of a comprehensive transportation plan for South Jersey that would include a diesel light rail line called the Glassboro–Camden Line between Camden and Glassboro, improvements to NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line, and enhanced connections to the Atlantic City International Airport.

title: New Jersey Route 42


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New Jersey Route 44

Route 44 is a state highway located in Gloucester County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It runs 10.28 mi from Barker Avenue in Bridgeport to a cul-de-sac at a ramp from southbound Interstate 295 (I-295) and U.S. Route 130 (US 130) in Thorofare. The route, which is mostly a two-lane undivided road, passes through the communities of Gibbstown and Paulsboro in the northern part of the county, a short distance south of the Delaware River. Route 44 generally runs a short distance to the north of I-295/US 130 for much of its length.

In 1923, Route 17S was legislated along the current route followed by Route 44 today, running between Penns Grove and Westville. The only portion of Route 17S ever built ran from Penns Grove to Salem. Route 44 was designated in 1927 to replace Route 17S between Penns Grove and Westville. By the 1940s, Route 44 was extended south to Salem and US 130 was designated concurrent with the route north of Penns Grove. Several spurs of Route 44 had existed or were planned prior to 1953, including Route S44, which ran concurrent with US 322 to the ferry between Bridgeport and Chester, Pennsylvania; Route S44A, a never-built bypass of Camden; and Route 44T, which was to run from a tunnel under the Delaware River in Paulsboro east to Route 42. In 1953, Route 44 was replaced by US 130 north of Deepwater and by Route 49 south of there. After two bypasses were built for US 130 around Carneys Point and between Bridgeport and Westville, Route 44 was redesignated along the former US 130. After I-295 was completed in the 1960s, US 130 returned to its original alignment in Carneys Point and replaced that portion of Route 44.

Route description
Route 44 begins at an intersection with Main Street and Barker Avenue in the community of Bridgeport in Logan Township, heading to the east on Crown Point Road, a two-lane undivided road. Shortly after beginning, the route heads through wooded areas a short distance to the north of Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Penns Grove Secondary and intersects County Route 671 (CR 671). The road turns northeast and comes to an interchange with US 130 and continues closely parallel to the railroad line as it passes through more rural areas with some homes, coming to a junction with CR 684 and Flood Gate Road, the latter of which heads northwest to provide access to Bridgeport Speedway. Route 44 enters Greenwich Township upon crossing the marshy Repaupo Creek and becomes a local road called West Broad Street. The route passes over the railroad tracks and continues east into residential and commercial areas of Gibbstown, intersecting CR 607/CR 673 and CR 680 within the town.

At the intersection with CR 653, Route 44 enters Paulsboro and passes more developed areas, soon meeting CR 678. The route intersects CR 667 in the center of Paulsboro before crossing the Mantua Creek on a lift bridge and entering wetlands within West Deptford Township. Here, the road heads into a mix of rural lands and development, crossing CR 656 and the Little Mantua Creek. Route 44 intersects the Mid-Atlantic Parkway, which provides access to I-295 and US 130 a short distance to the south, before continuing into inhabited areas. Here, the road crosses the Conrail line and CR 643. The route becomes a four-lane road and has access ramps to and from southbound I-295/US 130 prior to coming to a crossroads with CR 640 in Thorofare. Past CR 640, the route closely parallels I-295/US 130 and crosses Woodbury Creek. Route 44 passes a mobile home park before coming to an end at cul-de-sac that has an access ramp to southbound Route 44 from southbound I-295/US 130.

History
What is now Route 44 was originally legislated as Route 17S in 1923, a route that was to run from Penns Grove to Westville. By 1927, however, the only portion of Route 17S that had existed was a road that ran from Penns Grove south to Salem. In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering that occurred that year, Route 44 was designated to run from Penns Grove to Westville, replacing what had been legislated as Route 17S. By the end of the 1930s, Route 44 was extended south from Penns Grove to Salem and US 130 was also designated along with Route 44 north of Penns Grove by 1941.

Prior to 1953, several spurs of Route 44 existed or were planned. Route S44 was designated in 1939 as a connection from Route 44 in Bridgeport to the ferry across the Delaware River to Chester, Pennsylvania, and was concurrent with US 322. The S44 designation was removed in 1953 to avoid the concurrency with US 322. In 1974, the Commodore Barry Bridge was built, bypassing the ferry, and the old alignment of US 322 became Route 324. Route S44A was planned in 1938 as an eastern bypass of Camden from Route 45 in Brooklawn to Route 40 (now Route 70) and Route 41 in Delaware Township (now Cherry Hill), mostly along what is now CR 551. The bypass was never built, although part of what would have been the bypass north of Haddonfield is now Route 41. Route 44T was planned in 1938 as an approach to a never-built tunnel under the Delaware River near Paulsboro. Originally, the route was to run from the tunnel east to the intersection of Route 41 and Route 47 in Deptford Township. In 1939, the planned route was extended east to Route 42 between Blackwood and Williamstown.

In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 44 was replaced by US 130 north of the Delaware Memorial Bridge approach in Deepwater and by Route 49 south of there. However, US 130 was moved to new freeway alignments around Carneys Point and between Bridgeport and Westville. The bypassed alignments of US 130, originally unnumbered, eventually became Route 44. After I-295 was built in the 1960s, it bypassed the portion of the US 130 freeway in Bridgeport and was designated along the US 130 freeway north to Westville and around Carneys Point. US 130 was moved back onto its old alignment in Carneys Point, replacing that portion of Route 44.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: New Jersey Route 44


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Kids Incorporated

Kids Incorporated (also known as Kids Inc.) is an American children's television program that began production in the mid-1980s and continued airing well into the early 1990s. It was largely a youth-oriented program with musical performances as an integral part of every episode. The pilot episode was shot on September 1, 1983, and the series aired in syndication from September 1, 1984, to December 26, 1985, and on Disney Channel from November 3, 1986, to January 9, 1994. Reruns aired on Disney Channel until May 30, 1996.

Plot
The show revolves around a group of children and teenagers who performed in their own rock group, Kids Incorporated. They struggled to deal with issues ranging from crushes to peer pressure to child abuse, while performing regularly at a local former music club called The P*lace, which was really called The Palace, but the "a" in the sign burned out and was not replaced. The action took place on abstract "stagey" sets and the plots involved many fantasy elements, such as the group meeting a robot (Season 1, Episode 10), a runaway princess (Season 1, Episode 6) and even a wise-cracking bicycle (Season 1, Episode 17). In addition to their performances on stage, the group would break into song when they were off-stage.

Cast and characters
For many of the cast members, dancers and musicians, the show was the beginning of a successful career in the entertainment industry. The most visible stars are:
 * Renee Sands and Stacy "Fergie" Ferguson, both of whom were founding members of pop trio Wild Orchid. Fergie later joined the Grammy Award-winning group the Black Eyed Peas, then launched her successful solo career. During her tenure on Kids Incorporated, she went from being the youngest to the oldest and holds the record for the longest run at six seasons, including the pilot.
 * Martika (a.k.a. Marta Marrero) became a singer with two hit studio records in the late 1980s-early 1990s ("Toy Soldiers"); she began using the mononym Martika billing during her time on the series.
 * Mario Lopez (Saved by the Bell, Pacific Blue, Extra and Dancing with the Stars) - Lopez appeared as a background dancer and musician throughout the series.
 * Eric Balfour (24, Haven, Skyline)
 * Jennifer Love Hewitt, who was credited simply as "Love Hewitt", (Party of Five, I Know What You Did Last Summer, Ghost Whisperer, Criminal Minds, 9-1-1)
 * Brian Friedman (bass guitarist, keyboards, keytar) – 1991–1994
 * Brian Poth (keytarist, bass guitar, tambourine) – 1987–1988
 * Shanice Wilson (keyboards, vocals) - 1984
 * Rahsaan Patterson gained experience as a backup vocalist for several artists including Brandy Norwood and Tevin Campbell.

Guest stars
Guest stars included both established celebrities and newcomers. Gwen Verdon, Kathy Johnson, Barry Williams, Florence Henderson (both former stars of The Brady Bunch), Billy Blanks, David Hasselhoff, John Franklin, Ryan Bollman, Christian Hoff, Paul Rodriguez, Brian Robbins, and Ruth Buzzi were among those who appeared during the run of the show. Young actors who guest starred on it included Brittany Murphy (1992), Scott Wolf, Audra Lee (2 episodes), R.J. Williams, Jason Hervey, and Jeff Cohen (Chunk from The Goonies).

Music
Music was an integral part of the show and five songs were included in every episode. The musical variety ranged over a number of genres released from the 1960s onward. While these numbers were usually performed onstage in the context of a concert at The P*lace, they were also occasionally used to illustrate a character's internal monologue or conflict. The vocal responsibilities were shared by all five (or six) singers; every cast member was given an opportunity to perform featured or solo songs throughout the course of the season.

Each episode consisted of one original number and generally five previously recorded songs by recognized artists. Artists and songs ranged from the 1950s to the 1990s. The original songs were written by the hired composers of the show. Depending on the year those composers were Michael Cruz, Andrew R. Powell, Craig Sharmat, and others.

Due to the age of both the performers and the target demographic, lyrics with objectionable content were generally edited out of the songs and replaced with more appropriate language such as "Jump Around" by House of Pain and "Hip Hop Hooray" by Naughty by Nature. However, occasionally songs were performed as written, slightly objectionable lyrics intact. Examples of uncensored songs that were presented on the series include "Dancing with Myself" by Billy Idol ("The Storybook House" episode, 1990), "Seven Wonders" by Fleetwood Mac (1988), "Prove Your Love" by Taylor Dayne (although this had a slight edit on the chorus as "I wanna see your body dance with mine"), and "Smooth Criminal" by Michael Jackson (1990).

Production and broadcast history
The original pilot for the show was produced in 1983 and shopped to several networks by creators Thomas W. Lynch and Gary Biller.

The show was not picked up by a major network, but, distributed by MGM/UA Entertainment Co. Television, began a syndicated run on September 1, 1984. The original four cast members, Stacy Ferguson, Marta Marrero, Renee Sands, and Jerry Sharell, were joined by Rahsaan Patterson and a company of five backup dancers. Sharell left after the first season, in part over unhappiness with the show's often bizarre and outlandish storylines.

In syndication, the shows airing depended on decisions made by local television stations. For example, KTRV in Boise, Idaho aired it at first on Tuesday, then Saturday nights at 6:30 PM, while WNBC in New York City aired it first on Sundays at 1:00 PM then moved it to 9:00 AM. KPTV in Portland, Oregon first aired it Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM, then moved it back to 9:30 AM. WCLQ (now WQHS) in Cleveland aired it Saturday mornings at 6:30 AM. The shuffling time slots affected the ratings, and it was cancelled on December 26, 1985. Reruns aired on CBN (now Freeform) from 1985 to 1986.

It was due to the positive ratings from the CBN reruns that in Summer 1986, the show was given a second chance when the Disney Channel acquired the rights to it. It resumed production with the same cast, (minus Sharell) and new episodes began airing on November 3, 1986. Disney's buyout package also included the entire syndicated run; as such, edits had to be made to remove fee plugs and commercial outros. Its main timeslot on the Disney Channel was 5:00 PM ET/4:00 PM CT.

After the sixth season (1989) was filmed, the show was put on hiatus for a year, during which time most of the cast moved on to other projects or "aged out". The only two who were invited to return in 1991 when it resumed production were Kenny Ford and Jennifer Love Hewitt.

Budget cuts and the expiration of Disney's lease with MGM prompted another hiatus in 1993, after only ten episodes of Season 9 had been filmed. The last episode aired on January 9, 1994. The show continued to be shown in reruns on the Disney Channel until May 30, 1996. It is still the longest running show in Disney Channel's history.

The show was filmed at Hollywood Center Studios, but later moved to Sunset Gower Studios.

Producers
Throughout its history, other producers and production companies were associated with the show, including K-tel Entertainment, Lynch-Biller Productions (later Lynch Entertainment; now The Tom Lynch Company), RHI Entertainment, and MGM Television (a.k.a. MGM-Pathé). Hal Roach Studios/Qintex, the studio responsible for the Our Gang (Little Rascals) short films series of the 1930s, was also involved with it. (Qintex was also responsible for the distribution of 1989 roller derby series RollerGames.)

The show essentially launched the careers of creators and producers Gary Biller and Thomas W. Lynch, who would go on to create The Secret World of Alex Mack and Romeo! (for Nickelodeon) among many other shows, leading the New York Times to call him "the David E. Kelley of 'tween TV". Prior to it, Lynch and Biller created and produced a long-running music video series for TBS, Night Tracks.

Kids Incorporated: The Beginning and other videos
The 1983 pilot was recorded in August 1983 but never shown on television; however, in 1985, it was released on Beta and VHS as Kids Incorporated: The Beginning. In order to include Rahsaan Patterson, who joined the show after the pilot was shot, a new storyline was edited into the film. His character, Kid, was depicted as the new kid in town, who was very shy and afraid to audition for the group. He also revealed the origins of them. The "Kid" scenes were filmed in 1985, and edited in, with the 1983 footage of the rest of the cast or in with it.

Two additional videos were released in 1985, entitled ChartBusters and The Best of Kids Incorporated. While the show was still in syndication, four albums were also released, titled At least two of these achieved platinum sales status. No further ones were released when the show moved to the Disney Channel because the company that produced them, K-Tel Records, filed for bankruptcy at around the same time.
 * Kids Incorporated (1983)
 * Kids Incorporated (1984)
 * Kids Incorporated: The Chart Hits (1985)
 * Kids Incorporated: New Attitude (1985)

Japan
An original Japanese adaptation of the show, titled StarS, ran from 1999 to 2001. Between 13 and 26 episodes were filmed in each of its three seasons. A second version, StarS2, was scheduled to premiere on MBS in the summer of 2007. Both were produced by TOEI and co-produced by Sunrise Studios.

In addition, the American version, dubbed into Japanese, was shown on the MBS network until 2001.

New Zealand
The original New Zealand version of the show, High Life, began production in 1990. It ran periodically for five seasons, broadcasting six episodes per year, until 1995, when TVNZ-2 cancelled it.

Canada
The Rockets (aired on CKY Television in 1987, 1989 and 1991) is sort of a Canadian Kids Incorporated.

title: Kids Incorporated


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Martika

Marta Marrero (born May 18, 1969), better known by her stage name Martika, is an American pop singer and actress. She released two internationally successful albums in the late 1980s and early 1990s, which sold over four million copies worldwide. Her biggest hit was "Toy Soldiers", which peaked at #1 for two weeks on the American chart in mid-1989. She is also known for her role as Gloria on Kids Incorporated.

Early life, family and education
Martika was born in Whittier, California to Cuban parents of Canary Islands ancestry.

Early career
She entered mainstream show business in an uncredited role as one of the girls in the 1982 motion picture Annie. This led to her being cast as Gloria on the long-running children's show Kids Incorporated as one of a group of neighborhood children who rise to local fame by singing staged productions at a corner malt shop. Once the second season began, she formally adopted her stage name Martika Marrero before shortening it to the mononym Martika, which she has used ever since. Martika and many other Kids Incorporated cast members were featured in the musical numbers from the Mr. T motivational video Be Somebody... or Be Somebody's Fool! in 1984.

Following her role in Kids Incorporated and Be Somebody, Martika was signed by Columbia Records. Her first solo release was released only in Japan: "We are Music" was recorded to promote Sony cassette tapes in the Japanese market, where the song was released in 12", 7" and CD formats.

In 1987, Martika recorded a version of the Michael Jay/Gregory Smith song "Bounce Back", which included a music video which was aired on Entertainment '80, although it was not available for purchase.

Rise to prominence
Her first album, 1988's Martika (No. 15 US ), spawned the song "Toy Soldiers", which she co-wrote with her producer Michael Jay and it became a top-5 hit in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, and Australia. In the US, "Toy Soldiers" spent two weeks at No. 1 in 1989. "Toy Soldiers" also went to No. 1 in New Zealand.

Two additional singles also went top 40 in the US: "More Than You Know" (No. 18 ) and "I Feel the Earth Move" (No. 25 ), which was a cover of Carole King's song from her album Tapestry. Both of those tracks also hit the top 20 on the US Dance charts and the UK Singles Chart. "I Feel the Earth Move" also reached the top 10 in Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland. A fourth and final single from the album, "Water", entered the lower regions of the UK and Australian charts.

The album was certified platinum in the UK in 1990, and double platinum in Australia.

In 1990, Martika co-wrote the track "Kiss Me Quick" with Michael Jay and Marvin Morrow. The track was recorded by freestyle/pop singer Alisha for her 1990 album Bounce Back, with Martika contributing backing vocals.

1990s
Martika was encouraged by her agent to combine her love of film and music by scoring soundtracks and, in 1990, she wrote and recorded the song "Blue Eyes Are Sensitive to the Light" for the soundtrack to the film Arachnophobia. The producers of the album did not like her vocals, so the song was re-recorded by Sara Hickman for the film. The song has also been recorded by Brazilian singers Deborah Blando (on her 1991 debut, A Different Story), Elba Ramalho, and Frances Ruffelle.

In 1991, Martika approached Prince to do some new tracks. Among these was her second (and last) US Top-10 single, "Love... Thy Will Be Done", which also became a Top-10 hit in the UK and reached No. 1 in Australia. "Love... Thy Will Be Done" started out as a prayer written by Martika, and Prince then changed it into a song.

Her second album, Martika's Kitchen, peaked at No. 111 on the Billboard Top Albums chart. The title track received only minor airplay in the US, and reached No. 93 on Billboard Hot 100 chart. However, the album was a bigger success abroad, though on a lesser scale than her debut. It peaked at No. 15 in the UK Albums Chart, No. 9 in Australia, and spawned further hits with the songs "Coloured Kisses" and the title track, "Martika's Kitchen". "Temptation", another track from this album, was covered by Patti LaBelle on her album Burnin'.

Martika played the role of the lounge singer Dahlia Mendez in the crime drama TV series Wiseguy in 1990, opposite Steven Bauer who took over from Ken Wahl for the fourth and final season.

She eventually faded from the public eye in 1992 after walking away from the music industry, due to burnout and feeling overwhelmed with the burden of fame.

In 1997, a greatest hits compilation album The Best of Martika: More Than You Know was released.

Re-emergence
During the 2000 explosion of Latin pop, Martika sang backing vocals on various projects and contributed lyrics to releases by other artists, although she failed to receive any major-label attention for herself. Instead, she built martika.net in 2001, a website for her fans, and released a remix of a newly self-recorded song, "The Journey". She also recorded a track "Monday" for a new solo album which the website stated was on its way. Eventually, however, her website was shut down and the album never materialized.

In 2003, Martika and her husband, musician Michael Mozart, formed the band Oppera. Adopting a Latin pop sound, she and Mozart released Oppera's debut album, Violince, in 2004. Rapper Eminem used a sample of her biggest US hit, "Toy Soldiers", for "Like Toy Soldiers", a track on his 2004 album Encore and featured Martika on the chorus of the track. In response, Martika's British greatest hits album was repackaged with its title altered to Toy Soldiers: The Best of Martika. A biography was added to the album insert reflecting the new Eminem sample, though it asserted that she had not released any albums since Martika's Kitchen.

Oppera released a self-titled second album in 2005. Martika promoted Oppera's release with a Borders bookstore tour.

In 2010, Martika, using the stage name Vida Edit, starred as Lolly Pop and co-produced a web-based television action program J8ded.

In October 2011, Martika stopped using the stage name Vida Edit and launched a new personal website. A year later, she announced an Australian tour, but it was canceled. She performed in 2014 alongside Debbie Gibson, Samantha Fox, and Rick Astley at a HitParade Festival in Chile.

In July 2016, she was part of the Totally 80s Tour of Australia. The concerts included seven international 1980s acts, including Martika, Berlin, Limahl of Kajagoogoo, Paul Lekakis, Katrina of Katrina and the Waves, Men Without Hats and Stacey Q. For her performance at the tour, she received positive reviews from the Australian press.

Personal life
As of 2016, Martika was living in Dayton, Ohio with her musician husband, concentrating on married life.

Awards and nominations
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" | Award ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Nominee(s) ! scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Ref. ! scope="row"|ASCAP Pop Music Awards !scope="row" rowspan=6|Smash Hits Poll Winners Party
 * 1990
 * "Toy Soldiers"
 * Most Performed Song
 * Won
 * rowspan=2|1989
 * rowspan=5|Herself
 * Most Fanciable Female
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2|
 * Most Promising New Solo Artist
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=4|1991
 * Well-Dressed Person
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=4|
 * Best Female Solo Singer
 * Nominated
 * Worst Female Solo Singer
 * Nominated
 * "Love... Thy Will Be Done"
 * Best Single
 * Nominated
 * Nominated
 * "Love... Thy Will Be Done"
 * Best Single
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

Studio albums

 * Martika (1988)
 * Martika's Kitchen (1991)

with Oppera

 * Violince (2004)
 * Oppera (2005)

title: Martika


text:
Talk:Martika

Untitled
deleted reference here as it no longer applies due to editing -eb-

"it mistakenly asserted that she had not released any albums since "Martika's Kitchen"."

But the Album listing DOESN'T list any new albums after that - only the two compilations. Clarification required. Lee M 17:13, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * She has released two albums as lead singer of the band "Oppera," which it says fairly clearly. Pacian 20:16, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

2005-12-02, Punar1: The article says "Matika also performed her song, "I believe in the beat" in the movie Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo."

All sources I can find on the net say that this song was sung by Carol Lynn Townes. If someone knows for sure, please add some info about it.

2006-02-07, Punar1: I removed the statement "Matika also performed her song, "I believe in the beat" in the movie Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo." because both Discogs.com and an old casette with the Breakin'2 soundtrack agree with me.

"Her first album, 1988's Martika, spawned the song"
That doesn't look like a good way to put it, in my view. It sounds almost like the album inspired her to write the song (Toy Soldiers). --95.34.5.239 (talk) 16:51, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Martika


text:
New Jersey Route 45

Route 45 is a state highway in the southern part of New Jersey. It runs 28.51 mi from Route 49 in Salem, Salem County, northeast to U.S. Route 130 (US 130) in Westville, Gloucester County. The route is signed as a north-south highway. Much of the southern part of the route runs through rural areas of Salem and Gloucester counties, passing through the communities of Woodstown and Mullica Hill. North of Mullica Hill, Route 45 runs through suburban areas, with the portion of the route between the northern border of Mantua Township and the southern border of Woodbury a four-lane divided highway. The route intersects many highways, including US 40 in Woodstown, Route 77 and US 322 in Mullica Hill, and Interstate 295 (I-295) in West Deptford Township.

The current route was originally a segment of pre-1927 Route 6 that was created in 1917, running from Salem to Camden. Route 45 was designated in 1927 to replace the Salem-Camden branch of pre-1927 Route 6 and was eventually realigned to follow US 130 (Crescent Boulevard) to the Airport Circle in Pennsauken Township. The old alignment became Route 45M. The northern terminus of Route 45 was moved to its current location in 1953 in order to avoid the concurrency with US 130. A freeway for Route 45 between I-295 in Woodbury and US 322 in Mullica Hill was recommended by the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission in the 1960s. It was never built, and the New Jersey Department of Transportation proposed widening all of Route 45 into a four-lane divided highway; only a small portion in northern Gloucester County was widened.

Salem County
Route 45 begins at an intersection with Route 49 in Salem, Salem County, heading to the north on Market Street, a two-lane undivided road. It passes downtown businesses and both the Salem County Courthouse and the Old Salem County Courthouse, the second oldest active courthouse in the United States, which currently serves as the Salem City Court. Upon crossing County Route 657 (CR 657), the road heads into residential areas before crossing the SMS Rail Lines' Salem Branch line at-grade and the Fenwick Creek. At the crossing of the latter, Route 45 enters Mannington Township and becomes an unnamed road that passes marshland with some development. The route passes by the Salem Medical Center just prior to an intersection with CR 540 in Pointers.

Here, Route 45 turns to the east and forms a concurrency with CR 540, passing through farmland with some woods and homes. CR 540 splits from Route 45 by heading southeast on Welchville Road and Route 45 continues, intersecting CR 653 before crossing the Mannington Creek. It intersects CR 669 and CR 631 within a short distance of each other before passing northwest of Salem County Career and Technical High School and crossing Majors Run into Pilesgrove Township.

Here, the route intersects CR 679 near the Salem County Veterans Cemetery before heading through more agricultural areas. The route reaches an intersection with US 40 (Harding Highway) and CR 616 in a business area, where US 40 forms a concurrency with Route 45. The two routes head northeast into Woodstown as the Harding Highway into residential areas.

At the intersection with Main Street in downtown, Route 45 splits from US 40 by heading north on Main Street while CR 672 heads south on Main Street and US 40 continues to the east on East Avenue. Route 45 continues north, intersecting CR 636 before turning northeast again and meeting CR 602. The road passes over the SMS Rail Lines' Salem Branch line before coming to an intersection with CR 668/CR 617. A short distance later, the route enters Pilesgrove Township again and heads back into farmland with some residences and forested areas as an unnamed road, crossing CR 660.

Gloucester County
Route 45 crosses Oldmans Creek into South Harrison Township, Gloucester County within woodland and continues through rural areas with some residential developments such as Woodstown-Mullica Hill Road. The route crosses CR 668 before crossing CR 694 and CR 607 within a close distance of each other. Past this intersection, it continues to CR 617, where the name changes to Woodstown Road, before crossing CR 538. A short distance later, the route enters Harrison Township and continues north. It enters the community of Mullica Hill, where it intersects the northern terminus of Route 77. Here, Route 45 turns north and becomes Main Street, passing homes and some businesses and turning into a county-maintained road. The route intersects Mullica Road, at which point it becomes concurrent with unsigned US 322 Bus./CR 536.

In Mullica Hill, the road crosses US 322 and CR 536A, where US 322 Bus. ends and CR 536 turns west along US 322, and Route 45 continues northeast along Main Street, passing residential and commercial development as a state-maintained road. The route intersects CR 664, CR 603, and CR 667, with a park and ride lot located at the southwest corner of the CR 667 intersection. Following this, Route 45 has an intersection with CR 624 before crossing into Mantua Township, where it becomes Bridgeton Pike. The road heads through a mix of woods and farms with occasional homes, intersecting CR 626. The route passes more rural land before heading into suburban development.

Here, Route 45 intersects CR 627 and CR 678 as it passes a mix of homes and businesses. The route intersects CR 632, where the name changes to Mantua Pike, and CR 553 Alt. before widening into a four-lane divided highway and crossing the Mantua Creek. At this point, Route 45 turns to the north and forms the border between Deptford Township to the east and West Deptford Township to the west, intersecting CR 648 and CR 656. At the intersection with College Boulevard, the route forms the border between Woodbury Heights to the east and West Deptford Township to the west, crossing over the New Jersey Turnpike without an interchange. From here, Route 45 continues north, intersecting CR 652 and CR 650.

After the intersection with the latter, the route becomes a four-lane undivided road, entering Woodbury and immediately crossing the Southern Railroad of New Jersey's Salem Branch line at-grade. The road crosses Conrail Shared Assets Operations' (CSAO) Penns Grove Secondary railroad line at-grade before coming to an intersection with CR 551. Here, Route 45 forms a concurrency with CR 551 and heads north-northeast on Broad Street through the downtown of Woodbury, where it intersects CR 663. Route 45 and CR 551 cross the Woodbury Creek out of the downtown area and intersect CR 644 near Inspira Health Center Woodbury. From here, the route continues past a mix of residences and businesses as a two-lane undivided road. CR 551 splits from Route 45 by heading east on Park Avenue then north on Broadway.

Meanwhile, Route 45 continues north along the border between Deptford Township to the east and Woodbury to the west, with CSAO's Vineland Secondary railroad line closely paralleling the route on its east side. At the intersection with CR 642, the road forms the border between Deptford Township and West Deptford Township again. The route widens into a four-lane divided highway as it comes to a partial interchange with I-295, with some of the movements provided by nearby CR 551 to the east. Past this interchange, Route 45 becomes a four-lane undivided highway and enters Westville. Here, it continues parallel to the railroad line to the east with businesses lining the west side of the road. Route 45 passes residential areas before it comes to its northern terminus at a partial interchange with US 130, with access to northbound US 130 and access from southbound US 130.

History
Between Mullica Hill and Woodbury, the road was maintained under the Mullica Hill and Woodbury Turnpike Company, which was chartered in 1849. The same day, the Woodbury and Camden Turnpike was chartered. Three days later, a bill was passed permitting the two companies to merge as the Mullica Hill and Camden Turnpike Company, though the merger seems to have fallen through, as charter amendments would be administered to the former two companies' charters. The Woodbury and Camden was rechartered as the Camden and Gloucester Turnpike Company in 1853. From Mullica Hill to Woodstown, the Mullica Hill and Woodstown Turnpike Company maintained a road, though it's now bypassed by Route 45. South of Woodstown, the road was maintained by the Salem and Woodstown Turnpike.

What is now Route 45 was originally designated as a segment of pre-1927 Route 6 in 1917. This route was to head south from Camden and follow Route 45 to Mullica Hill, where it split into two branches, with one going to Salem on current Route 45 and another going to Bridgeton on current Route 77. In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering, pre-1927 Route 6 between Camden and Salem became Route 45. A bypass around Camden was created as the southern half of Crescent Boulevard, a part of US 130, and Route 45 was rerouted to use the bypass up to the Airport Circle in Pennsauken Township. The old alignment of Route 45 became Route 45M. In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, the northern terminus of Route 45 was cut back to its current location in Westville to avoid the concurrency with US 130.

In the late 1960s, the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) proposed construction of a 10 mi long, $20 million freeway along the Route 45 corridor in Gloucester County which would have extended from Exit 24 of I-295 in Woodbury to a planned US 322 freeway in Mullica Hill. The New Jersey Department of Transportation never followed through on this proposal. A portion of Route 45 was widened to four lanes from the border of Woodbury to the border of Mantua Township by the 1980s. In 2012, the Mullica Hill Bypass was completed, and US 322 was removed from its concurrency with Route 45.

Future
The New Jersey Department of Transportation is planning on rebuilding Route 45 in Woodbury to make it more friendly to pedestrians and bicyclists. The project calls for reducing the road from four lanes to three lanes while adding bike lanes, curb extensions to improve safety for pedestrians, and improvements to curb ramps and crosswalks. It is currently in the design stage.

title: New Jersey Route 45


text:
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin

The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum; postnominal abbr. OFMCap) is a religious order of Franciscan friars within the Catholic Church, one of three "First Orders" that reformed from the Franciscan Friars Minor Observant (OFMObs, now OFM), the other being the Conventuals (OFMConv). Franciscans reformed as Capuchins in 1525 with the purpose of regaining the original Habit (tunic) of St. Francis of Assisi and also for returning to a stricter observance of the rule established by Francis of Assisi in 1209.

Origins

The Order arose in 1525 when Matteo da Bascio, an Observant Franciscan friar native to the Italian region of Marche, said he had been inspired by God with the idea that the manner of life led by the friars of his day was not the one which their founder, St. Francis of Assisi, had envisaged. He sought to return to the primitive way of life of solitude and penance, as practised by the founder of their Order.

His religious superiors tried to suppress these innovations and Friar Matteo and his first companions were forced into hiding from Church authorities, who sought to arrest them for having abandoned their religious duties. They were given refuge by the Camaldolese monks, in gratitude for which they later adopted the hood (or cappuccio, capuche) worn by that Order—which was the mark of a hermit in that region of Italy—and the practise of wearing a beard. The popular name of their Order originates from this feature of their religious habit.

In 1528, Friar Matteo obtained the approval of Pope Clement VII and was given permission to live as a hermit and to go about everywhere preaching to the poor. These permissions were not only for himself, but for all such as might join him in the attempt to restore the most literal observance possible of the Rule of St. Francis. Matteo and the original band were soon joined by others. Matteo and his companions were formed into a separate province, called the Hermit Friars Minor, as a branch of the Conventual Franciscans, but with a Vicar Provincial of their own, subject to the jurisdiction of the Minister General of the Conventuals. The Observants, the other branch of the Franciscan Order at that time, continued to oppose the movement.

Rules of the Order
In 1529, they had four houses and held their first General Chapter, at which their particular rules were drawn up. The eremitical idea was abandoned, but the life was to be one of extreme austerity, simplicity and poverty—in all things as near an approach to St Francis' ideals as was practicable. Neither the monasteries nor the Province should possess anything, nor were any loopholes left for evading this law. No large provision against temporal wants should be made, and the supplies in the house should never exceed what was necessary for a few days. Everything was to be obtained by begging, and the friars were not allowed even to touch money.

The communities were to be small, eight being fixed as the normal number and twelve as the limit. In furniture and clothing extreme simplicity was enjoined and the friars were discalced, required to go bare-footed—without even sandals. Like the Observants, the Capuchins wore a brown habit but of most simple form, i.e. only a tunic, with the distinctive large, pointed hood reaching to the waist attached to it, girdled by the traditional woolen cord with three knots. By visual analogy, the Capuchin monkey and the cappuccino style of coffee are both named after the shade of brown used for their habit.

Besides the canonical choral celebration of the Divine Office, a portion of which was recited at midnight, there were two hours of private prayer daily. The fasts and disciplines were rigorous and frequent. Their main external work was preaching and spiritual ministrations among the poor. In theology the Capuchins abandoned the later Franciscan School of Scotus and returned to the earlier school of St. Bonaventure.

Early setbacks
At the outset of its history, the Capuchins underwent a series of severe blows. Two of the founders left it: Matteo Serafini of Bascio (Matteo Bassi) returning to the Observants, while his first companion, on being replaced in the office of Vicar Provincial, became so insubordinate that he had to be expelled from the Order. Even more scandalously, the third Vicar General, Bernardino Ochino, left the Catholic faith in 1543 after fleeing to Switzerland, where he was welcomed by John Calvin, became a Calvinist pastor in Zürich, and married. Years later, claims that he had written in favor of polygamy and Unitarianism caused him to be exiled from that city and he fled again, first to Poland and then to Moravia, where he died.

As a result, the whole province came under the suspicion of heretical tendencies and the Pope resolved to suppress it. He was dissuaded with difficulty, but the Capuchins were forbidden to preach.

Expansion
Despite earlier setbacks, the authorities were eventually satisfied as to the soundness of the general body of Capuchin friars and the permission to preach was restored. The movement then began to multiply rapidly, and by the end of the 16th century the Capuchins had spread all over the Catholic parts of Europe, so that in 1619 they were freed from their dependence on the Conventual Franciscans and became an independent Order. They are said to have had at that time 1500 houses divided into fifty provinces. They were one of the chief tools in the Catholic Counter-reformation, the aim of the order being to work among the poor, impressing the minds of the common people by the poverty and austerity of their life, and sometimes with sensationalist preaching such as their use of the supposedly possessed Marthe Brossier to arouse Paris against the Huguenots.

The activities of the Capuchins were not confined to Europe. From an early date they undertook missions to non-Catholics in America, Asia and Africa, and a college was founded in Rome for the purpose of preparing their members for foreign missions. Due to this strong missionary thrust, a large number of Capuchins have suffered martyrdom over the centuries. Activity in Europe and elsewhere continued until the close of the 18th century, when the number of Capuchin friars was estimated at 31,000.

Cimitero dei Cappuccini: The Capuchin Crypt

The crypt is located just under the Church of Santa Maria della Concezione in Rome, a church commissioned by Pope Urban VIII in 1626. The pope's brother, Cardinal Antonio Barberini, who was of the Capuchin Order, in 1631 ordered the remains of thousands of Capuchin friars exhumed and transferred from the friary on the Via dei Lucchesi to the crypt. The bones were arranged along the walls in varied designs, and the friars began to bury their own dead here, as well as the bodies of poor Romans whose tomb was under the floor of the present Mass chapel. Here the Capuchins would come to pray and reflect each evening before retiring for the night.

The crypt, or ossuary, now contains the remains of 4,000 friars buried between 1500 and 1870, during which time the Roman Catholic Church permitted burial in and under churches. The underground crypt is divided into five chapels, lit only by dim natural light seeping in through cracks, and small fluorescent lamps. The crypt walls are decorated extensively with the remains, depicting various religious themes. Some of the skeletons are intact and draped with Franciscan habits, but for the most part, individual bones are used to create the elaborate ornamental designs.

A plaque in the chapel reads:

What you are now, we used to be. What we are now, you will be.

Mark Twain visited the crypt in the summer of 1867, and begins Volume 2, Chapter 1, of The Innocents Abroad with five pages of his observations.

Modern era
Like all other Orders, the Capuchins suffered severely from the secularizations and revolutions of the end of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th; but they survived the strain, and during the latter part of the 19th century rapidly recovered ground. At the beginning of the 20th century there were fifty provinces with some 500 friaries and 300 hospices or lesser houses; and the number of Capuchin friars, including lay brothers, was reckoned at 9,500. The Capuchins still keep up their missionary work and have some 200 missionary stations in all parts of the world—notably India, Ethiopia, and parts of the former Ottoman Empire. Though "the poorest of all Orders", it has attracted into its ranks an extraordinary number of the highest nobility and even of royalty. The celebrated Theobald Mathew, the apostle of Temperance in Ireland, was a Capuchin friar.

In the Imperial Crypt, underneath the Church of the Capuchins in Vienna, over 140 members of the Habsburg dynasty are buried. The most recent burial in the crypt was in 2011 for Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary and eldest son of the last Austrian Emperor, the Blessed Charles of Austria.

, there were 10,480 Capuchins worldwide, of whom 7,070 were priests, living and working in 108 countries around the world: Africa: 1,357; South America: 1,657; North America: 664; Asia-Oceania: 2,339; Western Europe: 3,500; Central-Eastern Europe: 769. In Great Britain there are currently five Capuchin friaries, and eight in Ireland.

The worldwide head of the Order, called the Minister General, is currently Friar Roberto Genuin.

India
The Capuchin order, under the leadership of Italian Capuchin priest Giuseppe Maria Bernini, took part in the European colonization of India as missionaries and founded the community of Bettiah Christians. Bernini was invited by Maharaja Dhurup Singh of the Bettiah Raj, an appointment that was approved by Pope Benedict XIV on 1 May 1742.

United States

The United States has six provinces throughout the country. Together with the two provinces in Canada, the province of Australia and the Custody of the Mariana Islands/Hawaii they form the North American-Pacific Capuchin Conference (NAPCC).

Foundation
The Province of St. Joseph, originally the province of Calvary, headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, was one of the first two Capuchin Provinces to be established in the country in 1882. It was founded by Francis Haas (1826–1895) and Bonaventure Frey (1831–1912), two Swiss diocesan priests who arrived in the United States in September 1856, and were received into the then-Diocese of Milwaukee by Bishop John Henni, also a Swiss immigrant, and given charge of St. Nicholas Parish which they renamed Mount Calvary. They were later admitted to the Capuchin Order on December 2, 1857, by Antoine Gauchet of the Swiss Province who had been sent to admit them in order to establish the Order in the United States. The friars started St. Lawrence Seminary High School in 1861 at Mount Calvary, Wisconsin, a school that is still owned and operated by the Capuchin Order.

One of the friars of this province, Solanus Casey, was noted for the holiness of his life, serving as the porter of several Capuchin friaries both in Michigan and New York City for decades. As a miraculous healing attributed to him was approved by Pope Francis in mid-2017, he was beatified in Detroit at Ford Field on November 18, 2017. This is significant because Casey could become the first male American-born Saint in the history of the Catholic Church. He had previously been declared Venerable in 1995 by Pope John Paul II. His tomb is in St. Bonaventure Monastery in Detroit, and is visited by thousands every year.

, the province has 23 communities spread throughout the American Midwest, reaching from Michigan to Arizona. Additionally, there are friars of this province working in Central America, with a community serving in the Middle East.

Other jurisdictions

 * St. Joseph or Calvary (1882), based in Detroit, Michigan, covering the upper Midwest, from Detroit to Montana and from which came Blessed Solanus Casey.
 * St. Augustine (1882), based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to which Cardinal Sean O'Malley belongs.
 * Stigmata (ca. 1913), based in Union City, New Jersey, founded by friars from the Tuscan region of Italy with 8 communities on the East Coast, with friaries in Beacon, New York, Hackensack, New Jersey, Hoboken, New Jersey, Wilmington, Delaware (2), Atlanta, Georgia, and Miami, Florida.
 * St. Mary of New York and New England (1952), based in White Plains, New York, with 18 fraternities on the East Coast, covering New England and New York. They supervise the Custody of Japan and the Custody of Guam.
 * St. Conrad or Mid-America (1977), based in Denver, Colorado, serving Illinois, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri and Texas, with missionaries in Papua New Guinea; a friar of this province, Charles J. Chaput, was installed as the Archbishop of Philadelphia on 8 September 2011.
 * Our Lady of Angels (1979), Western America, based in Burlingame, California. Seven communities in California, with four communities in Mexico which became the Custody of St. Juan Diego in December 2011.
 * Star of the Sea Custody (1982), Hawaii and Guam, this division is dependent on St. Mary Province.

Capuchin Poor Clares
The Capuchin Poor Clares are cloistered nuns of the Order of St. Clare, who form the female branch of the Capuchin Order. They were founded in 1538 in Naples by the Venerable Maria Laurentia Longo, who was Abbess of the Poor Clare monastery of that city. She and the other nuns of that community embraced the then-new Capuchin reform movement, and so austere was the life that they were called "Sisters of Suffering". The Order soon spread to France, Spain and beyond. They live according to the same rules and regulations as the Capuchin friars, and are held as members of the friars' provinces.

In the United States, as of 2012, there are five monasteries of this Order. There are about 50 nuns in these communities, which are located in: Denver and Pueblo in Colorado, Alamo and Amarillo (the first, founded 1981) in Texas, and Wilmington, Delaware. The monasteries were almost all founded from Mexico, where there are some 1,350 Capuchin nuns in 73 monasteries. The monastery in Pueblo is a foundation of the monastery in Amarillo. Together they form the Federation of Our Lady of the Angels.

Appearance
The Capuchins are unique for a Catholic religious order in that the growing of natural, untrimmed beards features as part of its first Constitution, which states as the reason, the beard is "manly, austere, natural, an imitation of Christ and the saints of our Order, and despised." This makes the Capuchin friars stand out in particular from the secular clergy of the Latin Church, who have no rule on such matters. In more recent times, since the Second Vatican Council, the beard has no longer been mandatory but is still common. Like other Franciscans, the friars wear a plain brown tunic with a hood, a cord fastened around the waist, and sandals (or shoes).

Capuchin Poor Clares

 * Maria Angela Astorch
 * Florida Cevoli
 * Veronica Giuliani
 * Maria Teresa Kowalska

Other notable Capuchins

 * Jeremiah Benettis, 18th-century Italian writer
 * Cesare Bonizzi, heavy metal band leader and singer
 * Raniero Cantalamessa, author, speaker, and Preacher to the Papal Household
 * Charles J. Chaput, Archbishop of Philadelphia (2011–2020), Archbishop of Denver (1997–2011)
 * Sebastian Englert, friar, archaeologist and ethnographer of Easter Island (1888–1969)
 * Patri Fidiel, Maltese poet
 * Henri de Grèzes, religious historian and writer
 * Beatus Kinyaiya, Archbishop of Dodoma (2014–present)
 * Seán Patrick O'Malley, cardinal, Archbishop of Boston (2003–present)
 * Vinkenti Peev, Bulgarian priest
 * Wolfgang Pisa, Bishop of Lindi (2022–present)
 * Lucian Pulvermacher, schismatic sedevacantist
 * Jude Thaddaeus Ruwa'ichi, Bishop of Mbulu (1999-2005), Bishop of Dodoma (2005-2010), President Tanzania Episcopal Conference (2006-2012), Archbishop of Mwanza (2010-2018), coadjutor Archbishop of Dar es Salaam (2018-2019), Archbishop of Dar es Salaam (2019–present)
 * Antonio de Sedella, chief of the Spanish Inquisition in Louisiana (1788), rector of St. Louis Cathedral (1795–1829)
 * Emerich Sinelli, Prince-Bishop of Vienna (1681–85)
 * Yannis Spiteris, Archbishop of Corfu (2003–present)
 * Dávid Bartimej Tencer, Bishop of Reykjavik (2015–present)
 * François Leclerc du Tremblay, friar and politician referred to as "The Grey Eminence" (1577–1638)

title: Order of Friars Minor Capuchin


text:
New Jersey Route 47

Route 47 is a state highway in the southern part of New Jersey. It runs 75.20 mi from Atlantic Avenue in Wildwood, Cape May County, north to U.S. Route 130 (US 130) in Brooklawn, Camden County. It is also referred to as Delsea Drive, as it connects the Delaware River near Brooklawn to the Atlantic Ocean (the sea) in Wildwood. This name was assigned by the New Jersey Legislature in 1933. The route runs through rural areas of Cape May and southern Cumberland counties as a two-lane road. Traffic jams along this portion of Route 47 are commonplace in the summer vacation season and can stretch for miles due to the missing southern section of Route 55, where all Jersey Shore-bound traffic enters the small two-lane road. North of here, the route runs through the cities of Millville and Vineland before entering Gloucester County, where it passes through more rural areas as well as Clayton and Glassboro. Past Glassboro, it heads through suburban areas in Washington and Deptford townships before running through Westville and Brooklawn. Route 47 is the longest signed state route in New Jersey.

What is now Route 47 was originally designated as part of pre-1927 Route 15 between Rio Grande in 1917 and as a branch of pre-1927 Route 20 between Millville and Westville in 1923. In 1927, Route 47 was designated to run from Tuckahoe to Brooklawn, following current Route 49 south of Millville. Meanwhile, current Route 47 was a part of Route 49 between South Dennis and Millville and Route S49 between Rio Grande and South Dennis. The latter was extended to Wildwood in 1938. Route 47 and Route 49 were shifted onto their current alignments south of Millville in 1953. Since then, Route 47 has seen a few improvements and modifications including realignment in Millville and the reconstruction of the intersection with Route 83 in Dennis Township.

Cape May County
Route 47 begins at a traffic light with Atlantic Avenue in the Jersey Shore city of Wildwood in Cape May County, heading to the northwest on Rio Grande Avenue, a four-lane divided highway that is municipally-maintained. From this intersection, Rio Grande Avenue continues southeast a block to an intersection with Ocean Avenue near the Wildwood Boardwalk. The road passes through residential and commercial areas before crossing CR 621 (Ocean Drive/New Jersey Avenue), where it becomes a four-lane undivided county-maintained road that is designated as County Route 661 (CR 661). Upon crossing Park Boulevard, the route gains a center left-turn lane and passes businesses, intersecting Susquehanna Avenue. Here, Route 47 becomes signed and maintained by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, turning into a divided highway again a short distance later at the intersection with CR 624 (West Rio Grande Boulevard). At this intersection, the route enters Lower Township and crosses over the Grassy Sound via the George Redding Bridge, which is a drawbridge. The road turns more to the west-northwest and runs through wetlands with some homes to the south of the road, with the Wildwoods Welcome Center adjacent to the southbound lanes; the welcome center is accessible via a direct southbound ramp and via a left turn northbound. Route 47 enters Middle Township and continues past more marshland as well as some marinas adjacent to the Richardson Sound on the south side of the road. The route turns northwest again and comes to a partial cloverleaf interchange with the Garden State Parkway. Past this interchange, Route 47 heads into a commercial district in the Rio Grande section of Middle Township. At the intersection with Fifth Street, the route becomes a three-lane undivided road with a center left-turn lane and continues to an intersection with US 9 (Shore Road).

Past the US 9 intersection, Route 47 becomes Delsea Drive and continues past more businesses, crossing the Cape May Seashore Lines railroad before intersecting CR 626. Here, the route becomes a two-lane road and heads into more residential areas with some commercial establishments. At the intersection with CR 654, Route 47 turns north and leaves the Rio Grande area, heading into woods with some farm fields. It passes homes again and intersects CR 603 in Green Creek. From here, the road continues past homes with some areas of forests and farms. Route 47 comes to an intersection with CR 618 which, along with Route 147, provides an alternate route to The Wildwoods. Past this intersection, the road passes more rural dwellings and enters the community of Dias Creek, where it intersects CR 612. The route crosses over Bidwell Creek near wetlands and heads into forests. It reaches the residential community of Goshen, where there is an intersection with CR 615. Past Goshen, Route 47 turns northeast and heads through rural woods and farms with some homes and wetlands.

Upon crossing Sluice Creek, the route enters Dennis Township and heads into residential areas in the community of South Dennis. Here, the road intersects CR 657 and turns to the north. Route 47 briefly widens into a two-lane divided highway as it intersects the western terminus of Route 83. Past this intersection, the road heads through marshland and crosses over the Dennis Creek. It continues into Dennisville, where the route intersects CR 610 before turning west near Johnson Pond and intersecting CR 611 (Tyler Road). Route 47 passes more homes before coming to the southern terminus of CR 557. Past the CR 557 intersection, the road runs through woodland before coming to the southern terminus of Route 347. Here, Route 47 turns to the west and passes a mix of residences, woods, and fields. It turns northwest and crosses East Creek before coming to an intersection with CR 550 Spur. Past this intersection, the road intersects Old State Highway, a connector road to CR 550 Spur, before turning west into wooded areas.

Cumberland County
Upon crossing West Creek, Route 47 enters Maurice River Township, Cumberland County and continues west through more forests. It enters a mix of residences and woodland as it makes a turn to the north past the intersection with CR 651. The route runs through more woods, with a clearing for Bayside State Prison to the east of the road. The road comes to an intersection with CR 550 and CR 710 to the east of Leesburg and continues north. Route 47 reaches an intersection with CR 670 in a commercial area prior to Route 347 merging back into the route. Here, Route 47 splits into a brief one-way pair with the northbound direction heading east on CR 670 and north on Route 347, and the southbound direction remaining on Delsea Drive. From here, Route 47 continues north on Delsea Drive through forested areas with some homes before crossing over the Muskee Creek. It continues into the community of Port Elizabeth, where it meets the western terminus of CR 548. Just past this intersection, the route crosses the Manumuskin River and continues north through woodland with some development. The route intersects the southern terminus of Route 55, where that route continues north along the road and Route 47 turns off at a jughandle. South of the Route 55 intersection, Route 47 is part of a major road linking the Philadelphia area with the Jersey Shore resorts of Cape May County. During the summer months, it sees regular traffic jams from traffic coming off Route 55. A proposal to extend Route 55 south to Cape May County, on hold for decades due to environmental concerns, would relieve traffic along Route 47.

From here, Route 47 continues through a mix of trees and residences, intersecting Schooner Landing Road, which provides access to and from northbound Route 55. Just past this intersection, the route crosses the Manantico Creek into Millville, where it becomes South Second Street, and continues past more woodland containing residences. As the route continues north, residential development increases along with commercial and industrial establishments. Route 47 reaches the commercial downtown of Millville, where it crosses Route 49/CR 555 and becomes North Second Street. CR 555 parallels Route 47 a block to the east as the road crosses a Winchester and Western Railroad line and intersects CR 552 Spur. Past this intersection, CR 555 heads farther to the east and Route 47 crosses the Winchester and Western Railroad line a second time, passing a mix of residences, businesses, and industrial buildings. The road becomes three lanes with a center-left turn lane as it heads through commercial areas in the northern part of Millville. Upon intersecting High Street, the route widens to five lanes before entering Vineland, where the name becomes Delsea Drive again and it intersects Route 55 at a partial cloverleaf interchange.

Past this interchange, Route 47 passes the Cumberland Mall on the east side of the road as a six-lane divided highway. Past the mall, the route becomes a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane again and passes more commercial establishments in the southern part of Vineland, before heading into wooded residential areas with some farmland. It crosses CR 552 and becomes a two-lane road, running through business areas with some homes. As Route 47 continues north through the city, it comes to an intersection with Chestnut Avenue, where it gains a center left-turn lane. From here, it passes more commercial buildings before crossing Landis Avenue, which heads to the west as Route 56. Past this intersection, the road crosses a Winchester and Western Railroad line before intersecting CR 540. Route 47 continues north through a mix of dwellings and businesses in the northern part of Vineland, narrowing back into a two-lane road at the crossing of CR 681. The road heads through predominantly residential areas as it comes to an intersection with CR 674. Past this intersection, the route passes near Kroelinger Airport and continues through mostly rural inhabited areas with some businesses. It crosses CR 690 (Weymouth Road) before passing through wooded sectors with some homes and farms.

Gloucester and Camden counties
Route 47 crosses into Franklin Township, Gloucester County, where it passes more farms, woods, and homes before coming to an intersection with US 40 in the community of Malaga. Here, US 40 and Route 47 form a concurrency and head northeast through populated areas as a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane, crossing over Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Vineland Secondary railroad line. Immediately after this crossing, US 40 splits from Route 47 by heading southeast on Harding Highway while Route 47 turns northwest to continue along Delsea Drive, a two-lane road. Route 47 leaves Malaga and passes through a mix of dwellings and businesses with some areas of farms and woods, running a short distance to the east of the railroad line. The road heads into more forested areas before it comes to an intersection with CR 612 in the residential and business community of Iona. Route 47 continues past homes and commercial establishments as it comes to a crossroads with CR 538, where it turns to the north. The route passes more development with some farmland before it enters Clayton.

Here, the road heads through residential areas with some commercial establishments, crossing CR 610 in the center of town. As the road continues north, it heads through a mix of homes and farmland with a few commercial areas. Route 47 enters inhabited areas again as it crosses into Glassboro. The road continues north and enters business areas before heading into neighborhoods and coming to an intersection with High Street, which runs east as US 322/CR 536 and west as CR 641. Here, US 322 and CR 536 join Route 47 for a concurrency. The three routes head through commercial areas before US 322 and CR 536 turn to the west on West Street. Past this intersection, Route 47 continues north as a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane, passing more buildings. The route intersects CR 553 and forms a concurrency with that route which lasts until CR 553 turns north onto Woodbury Avenue. Along this concurrency, the road widens to five lanes as it passes a couple shopping centers. Past the concurrency, Route 47 runs north through suburban localities as a two-lane road and becomes a border between Pitman to the west and Glassboro to the east and enters Washington Township at the crossing of Kressey Lake. In Washington Township, the road passes more populated areas as well as businesses. Route 47 runs to the east of Bethel Mill County Park before entering more residential areas, crossing CR 635. The road passes through a mix of homes and commercial establishments with some farmland and wooded areas as it continues through more of Washington Township.

At the border with Deptford Township, Route 47 reaches an intersection known as Five Points. Here, the road meets the southern terminus of Route 41, CR 603, and CR 630. Route 47 turns northwest as this intersection and runs through wooded areas with some dwellings, with Route 55 intersecting the route at a cloverleaf interchange a short distance later. Past this interchange, the road continues through wooded inhabited areas, eventually turning due north. It comes to an intersection with CR 534 as the route heads past more suburban homes along with businesses. Past this intersection, Route 47 passes businesses before crossing over the New Jersey Turnpike without an interchange. From here, it heads through more inhabited areas before entering Westville. Upon entering Westville, the route has a partial cloverleaf interchange with Interstate 295. Past this interchange, the road runs through neighborhoods, intersecting CR 621 (Almonesson Road) and CR 551. The latter forms a concurrency with Route 47 and these two routes run northeast through commercial areas as a four-lane undivided road, crossing the Big Timber Creek into Brooklawn, Camden County. Here, it comes to a traffic circle with US 130 and CR 753, where Route 47 ends and CR 551 continues on to Camden, forming a brief concurrency with US 130.

History
The portion of Route 47 south of Port Elizabeth was a part of the Cohanseu trail, a Lenape trail running from Swedesboro to Cape May. North of Port Elizabeth, the road was maintained by several turnpikes: the Westville and Glassboro Turnpike, chartered in 1852, following Tanyard Road and Woodbury Road south of New Sharon; the Glassboro and Malaga Turnpike, chartered in 1851; the Millville and Malaga Turnpike, chartered in 1852; and the Port Elizabeth and Millville Turnpike, chartered in 1852. The modern road north of Port Elizabeth and from Dennisville to Goshen was incorporated into the Cape May Way, an auto trail running from Camden to Cape May.

The road was originally designated as a segment of pre-1927 Route 15 between Rio Grande and Millville in 1917, and as one of two branches of pre-1927 Route 20 between Millville and Westville in 1923. In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 47 was legislated to run from Route 50 in Tuckahoe to Brooklawn, following present-day Route 49 between Tuckahoe and Millville and its current alignment north of Millville. Meanwhile, the present-day alignment of Route 47 between the current Route 83 intersection in South Dennis and Millville was designated a part of Route 49 while the current alignment between South Dennis and US 9/Route 4 in Rio Grande became Route S49, a spur of Route 49. In 1933, the New Jersey Legislature named Route 47 Delsea Drive after a reporter for the Woodbury Times joked how the road connected the DELaware River to the Atlantic SEA. Route S49 was extended from Rio Grande to Park Boulevard in Wildwood in 1938. In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 47 and Route 49 switched alignments south and east of Millville and Route 47 replaced Route S49 south to Wildwood.

By the 1980s, Route 47 was moved from High Street to North Second Street through the northern part of Millville. An alternate route of Route 47 was eventually created to the east along county routes in Cape May and Cumberland counties; this eventually became Route 347 by the 1990s.

In the 2000s, Rio Grande Avenue in Wildwood received improvements to make it reminisce the doo wop atmosphere the beach resort is known for.

The Route 47 bridge over Dennis Creek in Dennis Township and the Route 83 intersection received improvements that were completed in July 2007. The Route 47 bridge over the creek was structurally deficient and in need of replacing. The job was completed with wider shoulders and a wider sidewalk on the new bridge. The intersection between Route 47 and Route 83 was also realigned and had signals installed.

In 2018, a $10 million construction project began to improve the section of Route 47 along Rio Grande Avenue at the entrance to Wildwood, which added a center left-turn lane, raised the road by 30 in, and added new lighting and signs. The project was completed in 2020. A dedication ceremony marking the completion of the project was held on July 1, 2020, with local officials in attendance. As part of the project, Rio Grande Avenue leading into Wildwood was to be renamed to Beach Ball Boulevard following a contest to rename the roadway. However, on July 10, 2020, it was announced that the Wildwood city commissioners decided to keep the road name as Rio Grande Avenue after receiving input from residents that the road name should not change.

title: New Jersey Route 47


text:
Uno, Kentucky

Uno is a small unincorporated community in Hart County, Kentucky, United States.

Geography
Uno is located east and slightly north of Horse Cave on U.S. Route 31E.

History
Uno was settled at some point in the mid-19th century. The community's post office was established as Uno at sometime in the 1880s; its original name Clear Point belonged to another town before mail routes were established in the community.

It originally was known locally as a trading point of moonshine. According to tradition, discreet buyers of moonshine would say they were going to "You know" in order to get their supply.

title: Uno, Kentucky


text:
New Jersey Route 48

Route 48 is an east–west state highway in Salem County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is a 4.26 mi route running from U.S. Route 130 (US 130) and County Route 675 (CR 675) in Penns Grove southeast to US 40 in Carneys Point Township. It is known as East Main Street from US 130 to DuPont Road, and as the Harding Highway from DuPont Road to its terminus at US 40. Route 48 is signed east–west, although it travels more northwest-southeast throughout its route. It is a two-lane, undivided road through its entire length that intersects with Interstate 295 (I-295) and CR 551.

The road was originally created as Route 18S, running from Penns Grove to Atlantic City, in 1923, before becoming Route 48 in 1927. In Penns Grove, the route ended at a ferry which crossed the Delaware River to Wilmington, Delaware, connecting with Delaware Route 48 (DE 48) until the ferry service was terminated in 1951, when the Delaware Memorial Bridge opened. US 40 was also designated to run along the entire length of the route between Penns Grove and Atlantic City. On two occasions, US 40 has been relocated off portions of Route 48: once following a realignment to a ferry between New Castle, Delaware and Pennsville and again after the Delaware Memorial Bridge and New Jersey Turnpike opened in 1951. Route 48 was designated onto its current alignment in 1953, eliminating the concurrency it shared with US 40 from Carneys Point Township to Atlantic City.

Route description
Route 48 begins at a traffic light with US 130 and CR 675 in Penns Grove, heading to the southeast on Main Street, a two-lane, undivided road. CR 675 continues west on Main Street past US 130. The road passes through residential areas, intersecting with local roads before entering Carneys Point Township. In Carneys Point Township, Route 48 crosses Dupont Road, becoming Harding Highway, and passes by Penns Grove High School, located on the south side of the road. The road enters a more rural setting and intersects CR 601 at a signalized intersection. Shortly after CR 601, the road comes to an interchange with I-295. Route 48 continues southeast through a mix of woodland and farmland, intersecting CR 551 at a traffic light. Just past the CR 551 intersection, the road intersects CR 628, passing by Laytons Lake before crossing over the New Jersey Turnpike. Route 48 continues southeast for about another mile, crossing Stumpy Road before ending at an intersection with US 40.

History
The entirety of the highway was once included in the Woodstown and Penn's Grove Turnpike, chartered in 1852. The turnpike followed what is now U.S. 40 to Woodstown.

The route was designated as Route 18S in 1923, running from Penns Grove southeast to Atlantic City along what was known as the Harding Highway. US 40 was designated along the length of Route 18S, running east from a ferry dock in Penns Grove where the route crossed the Delaware River to Wilmington, Delaware, to continue its journey west. The entire routing of Route 18S was designated Route 48 in the 1927 renumbering of New Jersey state highways, running concurrent with US 40 its entire length. Until the Delaware Memorial Bridge opened in 1951, a ferry connected Route 48 to DE 48 in Wilmington. US 40 had used this ferry, but was eventually moved to a ferry that ran from New Castle, Delaware, to Pennsville, with US 40 being rerouted to follow present-day Route 49, various local roads, and CR 551 to reach Route 48 and continue east along with that route. Following the completion of both the Delaware Memorial Bridge and the New Jersey Turnpike in 1951, US 40 was routed off more of Route 48 onto a new alignment, joining the route at its current eastern terminus. In the 1953 renumbering of New Jersey state highways, Route 48 was designated onto its current alignment from US 130 to US 40, with the rest of the route dropped in favor of the US 40 designation. The old alignment of Route 48 to the ferry terminal is now CR 675.

title: New Jersey Route 48


text:
Spring Lake

Spring Lake may refer to:

Canada

 * Spring Lake, Alberta

United States

 * Spring Lake, Hernando County, Florida
 * Spring Lake, Highlands County, Florida
 * Spring Lake Township, Tazewell County, Illinois
 * Spring Lake, Indiana
 * Spring Lake, Michigan
 * Spring Lake Township, Ottawa County, Michigan
 * Spring Lake, Minnesota (disambiguation), multiple locations
 * Spring Lake Township, Scott County, Minnesota
 * Spring Lake, Isanti County, Minnesota
 * Spring Lake, Itasca County, Minnesota
 * Spring Lake, Scott County, Minnesota
 * Spring Lake (Omaha, Nebraska), a historic neighborhood in Omaha, Nebraska
 * Spring Lake, New Jersey
 * Spring Lake, North Carolina
 * Spring Lake, Rhode Island
 * Springlake, Texas
 * Spring Lake, Utah
 * Spring Lake, Wisconsin, a town
 * Spring Lake, Waushara County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Lakes

 * Spring Lake (Alberta)
 * Spring Lake (Fulton County, Arkansas), a lake in Fulton County, Arkansas
 * Spring Lake (Garland County, Arkansas), a lake in Garland County, Arkansas
 * Spring Lake (Prairie County, Arkansas), a lake in Prairie County, Arkansas
 * Spring Lake (Pulaski County, Arkansas), a lake in Pulaski County, Arkansas
 * Spring Lake (Saline County, Arkansas), a lake in Saline County, Arkansas
 * Spring Lake (Prairie County, Arkansas), a lake in Prairie County, Arkansas
 * Spring Lake (Yell County, Arkansas), a lake in Yell County, Arkansas
 * Spring Lake (Winter Haven), a lake in Winter Haven, Florida
 * Spring Lake (Independence Township, Michigan)
 * Spring Lake (Dakota County, Minnesota)
 * Spring Lake (Scott County, Minnesota), a lake in Scott County, Minnesota
 * Spring Lake (St. Louis County, Minnesota), a lake in St. Louis County, Minnesota
 * Spring Lake (Berlin, New York), a lake in the Town of Berlin, Rensselaer County, New York
 * Spring Lake (Delaware County, New York), a lake in New York
 * Spring Lake (Texas), a pool formed by San Marcos Springs at a resort named Aquarena Springs, San Marcos, Texas
 * Spring Lake (Day County, South Dakota), a lake in Day County, South Dakota
 * Spring Lake (Kingsbury County, South Dakota), a lake in Kingsbury County, South Dakota
 * Spring Lake (Providence County, Rhode Island), a lake in the town of Burrillville, Rhode Island
 * Spring Lake (King County, Washington), a lake in King County, Washington
 * Spring Lake (Waushara County, Wisconsin)

Parks

 * Spring Lake (San Marcos, Texas), a body of water in San Marcos, Texas
 * Spring Lake Regional Park in Santa Rosa, California

Other

 * Spring Lake (NJT station)

title: Spring Lake


text:
New Jersey Route 49

Route 49 is a state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey. It runs 53.80 mi from an interchange with the New Jersey Turnpike, Interstate 295 (I-295), and U.S. Route 40 (US 40) in Deepwater, Salem County, southeast to Route 50 and County Route 557 in Tuckahoe, Cape May County. The route serves Salem, Cumberland, Atlantic, and Cape May counties, passing through rural areas and the communities of Salem, Bridgeton, and Millville along the way. It is a two-lane, undivided road for most of its length.

Route 49 was established in 1927 to run from Salem to Clermont, running along its present alignment between Salem and Millville, following current Route 47 between Millville and South Dennis, and running along present-day Route 83 between South Dennis and Clermont. It replaced a branch of pre-1927 Route 6 between Salem and Bridgeton and a part of pre-1927 Route 15 between Bridgeton and South Dennis. In 1953, Route 49 was routed onto its current alignment, replacing a part of Route 44 between Salem and Deepwater and following the former alignment of Route 47 between Millville and Tuckahoe. In the 1960s, a freeway was planned for Route 49 between Deepwater and Millville; it was never built. In the 2000s, many improvements have been or are being made to bridges along Route 49.

Salem County
Route 49 heads southwest on Broadway from an interchange with the New Jersey Turnpike, I-295, and US 40 in the community of Deepwater in Pennsville Township, Salem County near the Delaware Memorial Bridge. North of here, the road continues to the north as US 130. Route 49 passes through residential and commercial areas of Pennsville, turning to the south-southeast and passing west of Pennsville Memorial High School. The route intersects County Route 630 (Fort Mott Road) before it continues into farmland. Route 49 then intersects the southern terminus of County Route 551 (Hook Road and County Route 632 (Lighthouse Road). It crosses the Salem River into Salem and becomes Front Street.

In Salem, the route intersects County Route 657 (Griffith Street) at a crossing of the SMS Rail Lines' Salem Branch line and makes a right turn. It turns left onto Broadway and forms the main business district of the town. In downtown Salem, Route 49 intersects County Route 625 (Chestnut Street), the southern terminus of Route 45 (Market Street), and County Route 665 (Walnut Street). It crosses County Route 658 (Keasbey Street/York Street) and enters Quinton Township, becoming Main Street and heading into agricultural areas. Route 49 heads east, meeting County Route 650 (Hancocks Bridge Road) and County Route 653 (Action Station Road). It crosses the Alloway Creek into the community of Quinton, where it intersects the southern terminus of County Route 581 (Quinton Alloway Road) and County Route 654 (Sickler Street). The route leaves Quinton and intersects County Route 626 (Jericho Road), continuing southeast into wooded areas, where Route 49 crosses County Route 667 (Pecks Corner Road) and County Route 647 (Telegraph Road/Jericho Road).

Cumberland County
Route 49 crosses a stream, Sarah Run, into Stow Creek Township, Cumberland County and heads into farmland as Shiloh Pike. Here, it crosses County Route 624 (Jericho Road) and County Route 617 (Columbia Highway). The route then intersects County Route 635 (Old Cohansey Road) and continues south along the border of Stow Creek Township to the west and Hopewell Township to the east, entering Shiloh at the intersection with Mill Road. In Shiloh, Route 49 meets County Route 620 (Roadstown Road) and County Route 753 (East Avenue/West Avenue) in the center of town and heads southeast, crossing County Route 695 (Maple Avenue/Randolph Road). The route enters Hopewell Township and intersects County Route 661 (Barretts Run Road).

Past this intersection, Route 49 enters a more suburban landscape, crossing County Route 621 (W. Park Drive). The route enters Bridgeton and becomes West Broad Street. In Bridgeton, it intersects County Route 607 (West Avenue), County Route 650 (Fayette Street), and County Route 697 (Atlantic Street). Route 49 crosses the Cohansey River and comes to an intersection with Pearl Street, which heads to the north as Route 77 and to the south as County Route 609. Past Pearl Street, Route 49 intersects County Route 670 (East Commerce Street/Buckshutem Road) and crosses a Winchester and Western Railroad line as it continues to the east on East Commerce Street. It crosses County Route 638 (N. Burlington Road) and enters Fairfield Township.

Route 49 continues east through a mix of woods and farms, intersecting County Route 553 (Gouldtown-Woodruff Road) and County Route 675 (Fordville-Gouldtown Road). It enters Millville and becomes Main Street, intersecting County Route 682 (Sugarman Avenue) and County Route 634 (Nabb Avenue). It intersects three more county routes, County Route 714 (Morias Avenue), County Route 625 (Hogbin Road), and County Route 712 (Reick Road), before heading into the city. It intersects County Route 608 (Carmel Road) and County Route 698 (Beech Street), County Route 667 (Sharp Street), and County Route 610 (Brandriff Avenue) before meeting County Route 555 (Cedar Street), which it forms a concurrency with. The route crosses the Maurice River and enters downtown Millville, where it intersects Route 47 (Second Street). Past Route 47, County Route 555 splits from Route 49 by turning north onto Third Street. Route 49 heads east through the eastern part of Millville, crossing a Winchester and Western Railroad line and intersecting County Route 678 (Wade Boulevard) before reaching an interchange with Route 55. Past Route 55, Route 49 heads southeast into woodland and crosses into Maurice River Township. In Maurice River Township, Route 49 intersects County Route 671 (Union Road), County Route 646 (Port Elizabeth-Cumberland Road), and County Route 644 (Hesstown Road). Route 49 eventually forms the border of Maurice River Township to the north and Upper Township, Cape May County to the south.

Atlantic and Cape May counties
Route 49 crosses the Tuckahoe River into Estell Manor, Atlantic County. It runs a short distance to the north of the Tuckahoe River and intersects County Route 649 (Aetna Avenue) and County Route 666 (Cape May Avenue) at Head of the River Church. The route crosses the Tuckahoe River into Upper Township, Cape May County and intersects the eastern terminus of County Route 548 (Tuckahoe Road), heading to the east. It intersects County Route 632 (Marshallville Road) and then comes to County Route 617 (Woodbine Road), which heads south to provide access to County Route 557. Route 49 continues east into Tuckahoe, where it comes to a bridge over the Beesleys Point Secondary railroad line operated by the Cape May Seashore Lines railroad and intersects County Route 659 (Railroad Avenue) before it ends at Route 50 and County Route 557.

History
The road from Millville to the east end of Bridgeton was maintained by the Bridgeton and Millville Turnpike, chartered in 1854. From the west end of Bridgeton to the Salem-Cumberland line, then called Marlborough, was built by the Shiloh Turnpike Company, chartered in 1866. From there to Quinton's Bridge, the road was maintained by the Marlborough and Quinton's Bridge Turnpike Company, chartered in 1864. The company was in business by at least 1920.

Route 49 was legislated in the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering to run from Route 45 in Salem to Route 4 (now U.S. Route 9) in Clermont. The route replaced a branch of pre-1927 Route 6 between Salem and Bridgeton and a part of pre-1927 Route 15 between Bridgeton and South Dennis. A spur route of Route 49, Route S49, was created in 1927 to run from Route 49 in South Dennis to Route 4 in Rio Grande along the remainder of pre-1927 Route 15. Route S49 was extended to Wildwood in 1938.

In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 49 was extended west along what was a part of Route 44 to Deepwater to end at U.S. Route 40 and U.S. Route 130 near the Delaware Memorial Bridge. The eastern part of the route was realigned to head from Millville east to Route 50 in Tuckahoe, replacing what had been the southern part of Route 47. Meanwhile, Route 47 was realigned to head south from Millville, replacing Route 49 from Millville to South Dennis and the length of Route S49. The portion of Route 49 from South Dennis to Clermont became Route 83.

A freeway was proposed for Route 49 in the early 1960s, running from Interstate 295 and U.S. Route 40 at the Delaware Memorial Bridge to Route 55 in Millville. However, this freeway was canceled by 1967 as it closely paralleled the planned Route 60 freeway, which itself was never built.

In the 2000s, construction has occurred to replace many bridges along Route 49. The drawbridge over the Salem River was replaced by a fixed span in the mid-2000s. On October 1, 2008, the bridge over the railroad line in Tuckahoe was closed for reconstruction and reopened in June 2009. The bridge over the Cohansey River in Bridgeton was also reconstructed. Construction on this bridge started in October 2008 and was completed in July 2009.

title: New Jersey Route 49


text:
Talk:Newport, Gwent, Wales

Right, I hope I haven't annoyed anyone by swapping round the redirect, but the previous structure seemed illogical in that it redirected from a page that did match the normal hierarchy to one that did not. In other words, the choice of Newports given on the Newport disambiguation page seemed to be a sensible structure, but when you clicked on the Gwent one you were redirected to something outside the structure. And this isn't the only one in S Wales, if you count Newport Pembs! Anyway, hope this is OK - and if the redirect system works as I think it does, it should have no ill effects anyway - right?? :) -Nevilley.

No, I was totally wrong, I've put all it back.

The structure on the Newport disambiguation page is wrong - it's not in Gwent any more. Doh!

title: Talk:Newport, Gwent, Wales


text:
Jefferson City (disambiguation)

Jefferson City is the state capital of Missouri in the United States of America.

Jefferson City is the name of several other U.S. places:
 * Jefferson City, Montana, small census-designated place in Montana
 * Jefferson City, Tennessee, small city in Tennessee, originally called Mossy Creek

title: Jefferson City (disambiguation)