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New Jersey Route 495

Route 495 is a 3.45 mi state highway in Hudson County, New Jersey, in the United States that connects the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95) at exits 16E-17 in Secaucus to New York State Route 495 (NY 495) inside the Lincoln Tunnel in Weehawken, providing access to Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The road is owned and operated by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA) between the New Jersey Turnpike and Route 3, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) between Route 3 and Park Avenue near the Union City–Weehawken border, and by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) east of Park Avenue, including the helix viaduct used to descend the New Jersey Palisades to reach the entrance of the Lincoln Tunnel. Route 495 is mostly a six-lane freeway with a reversible bus lane used during the morning rush hour. The bus lane, which runs the entire length of the freeway, continues into the Lincoln Tunnel's center tube.

The first portion of the present-day Route 495, at the entrance to the Lincoln Tunnel, was constructed in 1937 when the Lincoln Tunnel opened. In 1939, the section known as The Helix was finished, which is an oval-shaped loop that descends Route 495 down to the entrance of the tunnel. In that same year, the route’s path was extended west to Route 3 and it became an eastern extension of that route. In 1952, the portion of the route west of Route 3 was opened when the New Jersey Turnpike was completed. In 1959, the road was incorporated into the Interstate Highway System and was designated as part of Interstate 495 (I-495). Since the Mid-Manhattan Expressway that would have connected the route to New York's I-495 (Long Island Expressway) was canceled, I-495 officially became New Jersey Route 495 in 1979, and the signs were changed in 1989.

Route description
Route 495 officially begins at the exit 16E off-ramp from the northbound lanes of the New Jersey Turnpike near the boundary of Secaucus and North Bergen. The main roadway heads east through North Bergen as a six-lane freeway maintained by the NJTA. The route has an interchange with Route 3, with access to eastbound Route 3 and U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9) for traffic in the eastbound direction and to westbound Route 3 in the westbound direction, a major intersection for Route 495 and Route 3, as many people use Route 3 to get to Route 495 for the Lincoln Tunnel. Route 3 ends almost immediately after its interchange with Route 495, at US 1/9. The three routes form a triangular-like junction, however, Route 495 doesn’t have direct access to US 1/9; instead drivers must take the Route 3 exit to get there. Past this interchange, Route 495 becomes a six-lane freeway maintained by NJDOT that passes over New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway's New Jersey Subdivision line and Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Northern Branch line before intersects US 1/9 at a partial interchange, with a westbound exit and eastbound entrance. Past US 1/9, the freeway has an interchange with County Route 501 (CR 501, John F. Kennedy Boulevard), which uses 30th Street and 31st Street as collector–distributor roads. East of this junction, Route 495 enters Union City and heads through developed residential areas, passing under numerous streets. There is an eastbound exit and westbound entrance for Park Avenue, which provides access to Weehawken and Hoboken, where Route 495 becomes maintained by the PANYNJ. It enters Weehawken and comes to a westbound exit and eastbound entrance for Park Avenue.

At this point, the highway loops around itself at a section of the highway locally known as The Helix, descending the New Jersey Palisades on a 360 degree looped spiral bridge to reach the entrance to the Lincoln Tunnel under the Hudson River. At the start of the Helix, Route 495 passes Weehawken stadium to the north and east, and would later go under it at the start of the Lincoln Tunnel. The route has a westbound exit and eastbound entrance for and from CR 677 (John F. Kennedy/Hudson Boulevard East). After interchanging with Boulevard East, the road enters the Lincoln Tunnel. At the New York state line, which is located at the midpoint of the Hudson River, the road continues as NY 495, which is separate from I-495, and heads into Midtown Manhattan in New York City.

Since 1970, the left lane of the three westbound lanes is converted during the morning rush hour to a reversible bus lane, known as the "XBL", or Exclusive Bus Lane. The PANYNJ is responsible for daily operation of the XBL, including its opening and closing, removal of disabled vehicles, and response to emergencies. It is used by buses headed east from the New Jersey Turnpike and Route 3, mainly to the Port Authority Bus Terminal just past the Lincoln Tunnel in Manhattan, serving over 1,800 buses and 65,000 bus commuters on regular weekday mornings, (6-10 a.m.). This bus lane is the busiest in the United States.

Each of the travel lanes in the Lincoln Tunnel's center tube is reversible. In general, both of the lanes, including the exclusive bus lane, serve Manhattan-bound traffic during the weekday morning rush hour, both of the lanes serve New Jersey-bound traffic during the weekday evening rush hour, and one lane is provided in each direction during other time periods. New Jersey-bound traffic normally uses both lanes of the north tube and Manhattan-bound traffic normally uses both lanes of the south tube.

Route 495 is a busy route that carries approximately 74,571 vehicles at its western terminus and approximately 119,432 vehicles by the time it reaches the Lincoln Tunnel. According to the American Highway Users Alliance, Route 495 is considered one of the most congested corridors on the East Coast of the United States;, drivers spent a cumulative 3.4 million hours per year sitting in congestion on Route 495.

History
The road was built as an approach to the Lincoln Tunnel, with the first section opening December 22, 1937, when the first (now the center) tube of the tunnel was completed. This section ran only from the tunnel portal south through the toll booths to a plaza with Park Avenue and Hudson County Boulevard East. Marginal Street, providing access from Hudson County Boulevard East west over Park Avenue to 32nd Street and the Bergen Turnpike, was also opened at that time. In 1939, the Port Authority opened the rest of the approach, up the helix and west to Route 3, and it was designated as an eastern extension of Route 3. The final section of today's Route 495 opened on January 15, 1952, with the completion of the New Jersey Turnpike. The turnpike interchange (exit 16) only served Route 3 traffic to and from the south; exit 17 served Route 3 traffic to and from the north.

With the creation of the Interstate Highway System in 1956, the approach to the Lincoln Tunnel was planned to become an Interstate Highway along with present-day Route 3, which itself was not included in the Interstate Highway System because New Jersey thought it would be too expensive to bring it up to Interstate Highway standards. However, the Lincoln Tunnel approach was included in the Interstate Highway System and in 1959, it was renumbered from Route 3 to I-495 despite the fact it does not meet Interstate Highway standards. Shortly after the road became I-495, the western portion of the road was brought up to Interstate Highway standards with the improvements of the interchanges with the New Jersey Turnpike and Route 3. I-495 was intended to connect with New York's I-495 by way of the Mid-Manhattan Expressway; however, this proposed freeway through Manhattan was canceled in 1971 due to strong opposition to the road running through the heart of Midtown Manhattan. Because New Jersey's I-495 would not be connected to New York's, NJDOT started referring to the route as Route 495 in 1979. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved the decommissioning of I-495 between I-95 and Pleasant Avenue/Park Avenue in Union City in 1980. In 1986, AASHTO approved the decommissioning of the rest of the I-495 designation in New Jersey.

Starting with the viaduct, which passes over the Conrail rail lines just west of US 1/9, the roadway going east is listed as being eligible for state registry in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places for its engineering, architecture and history. The designations for eligibility were given in segments between 1991 and 2003 and include the Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix, as well as the tunnels, toll booths, and ventilation towers.

The Helix has traditionally been known for offering a panoramic view of the Manhattan skyline. While local zoning laws prohibit the construction of high-rise buildings that would obstruct sight-lines from higher points in town,   construction of a new residential building partially blocked the view from the lower portion of the roadway. , the Helix is considered by the PANYNJ to have a working life-span of ten years. Alternatives to its replacement include tunnels under the Palisades directly to the Lincoln Tunnel portals.

In June 2018, the New Jersey Department of Transportation announced that it would renovate the North Bergen Viaduct (the section passing over US 1/9 and Conrail) over the course of more than two years. During that time, one travel lane in each direction would be closed, reducing the number of travel lanes in each direction from 4 to 3.

title: New Jersey Route 495


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Talk:North Slope Borough, Alaska

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Two subjects (and/or spinoff articles)
A few subjects I'm faintly interested in, but I don't possess the resources at the moment to research and write about:

 * History of the borough government itself.
 * I believe someone on another talk page requested the creation of an Eben Hopson page a while back.
 * Also perhaps deserving of a separate article would be the mayorship of Eugene Brower, maybe specifically WRT his involvement with Lew Dischner and Carl Mathisen. Political corruption wasn't just confined to Juneau a few years ago, ya know.

 * Geography of the North Slope (yeah, I know, you're gonna respond with "IT'S FLAT!" or something like that).

Is there anything written yet on the differences in language dialects amongst North Slope Inupiat? I'm not that familiar beyond the differences between the Nunamiut and the Taremiut.

Oh yeah, one more thing. I have in front of me Robert Harcharek's profile from the Local Boundary Commission, and it mentions the "Inupiat University of the Arctic." I've seen reference to this elsewhere, too, but I have no idea exactly what it is or was. 199.165.96.226 (talk) 23:18, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

 * See: Iḷisaġvik College. Regards, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 14:34, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

Demographics
''As of the census of 2010, there were 7,385 people, 2,109 households, and 1,524 families residing in the borough. The population density was 12.03 square miles (31.2 km2) per person.''

Where are these figures derived from? The 2010 census actually shows a total population of 9,430. Skinsmoke (talk) 07:52, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Identical with Alaska North Slope?
To what extent is North Slope Borough, Alaska, identical with the Alaska North Slope? The lead sentence of this article suggests they are *not* the same. But how exactly do they differ? I raise this in part because I wonder if there is a need for a super Category:Alaska North Slope. Thanks, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 14:31, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

Tigara
Do an indigenous people called the Tigara live here? 76.189.128.198 (talk) 02:15, 22 August 2021 (UTC)

"Utqiagvik County, Alaska" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Utqiagvik County, Alaska. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 October 27 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. feminist (+) 10:59, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

"Utqiagvik Borough, Alaska" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Utqiagvik Borough, Alaska. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 October 27 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. feminist (+) 10:59, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

"Barrow Borough, Alaska" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Barrow Borough, Alaska. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 October 27 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. feminist (+) 10:59, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

"Barrow County, Alaska" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Barrow County, Alaska. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 October 27 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. feminist (+) 10:59, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:North Slope Borough, Alaska


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Talk:Sewing

Yarn and thread
Hi Andre,
 * noted your amendment. Unfortunately, there is a big difference between yarn and thread. Thread is used for sewing, and yarn for knitting/crochet. It's been a good idea.

User:Renata 1/10/2002

what about other stitches, anyone helps us to add some explanations
explanations pls — Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.91.202.202 (talk) 00:32, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

 * There are many, many different stitches, used in different contexts (depending on the application). There is a big -and still very incomplete- basic list on the page and a bit on stitch.  There are so many different stitches that it is going to need its own page.  I will be personally undertaking this in the next month, including posting example photos of my own work. --Kat 07:34, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you so much. I have been working so hard on the Islam-related articles that I haven't had time to work on clothing/textile/sewing stuff and I really appreciate the good work you and PKM are doing. Zora 07:59, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Kat, great! Saw a couple of your edits and was delighted to have you on the (unofficial) team. I have put stuff on zig-zag stitch under zig-zag, but perhaps it should be moved and cross-referenced. Paula Kate (PKM) 18:39, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

mending
anyone know of a quick and dirty guide of mending little rips and tears of clothing? Please link. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TriniTriggs (talk • contribs) 04:36, 10 June 2005 (UTC)

Sewing terminology?
Do we want/need a separate article on sewing terminology, to include things like dart, bias, grainline, princess seam, Hong Kong finish, french seam, lining, interlining, etc.? Or does that belong here, or with sewing patterns? PKM 21:17, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that's a great idea! Pcvjamaica (talk) 23:47, 7 March 2016 (UTC)

Can I suggest that www.sewing.com/dictionary would fit this request nicely. There are over 300 sewing terminologies explained. I am an owner of sewing.com however my link to the dictionary here at wikipedia was removed. Perhaps if enough people would be interested in this dictionary (the largest on the net) we can have the link put back in. Thanks all. Melanie. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.19.238.232 (talk) 05:12, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * sewing.com's dictionary is a low quality bizarre collection of terms (acetate but not polyester, cotton but not silk or wool) and does not in with fit Wikipedia's mission to develop GFDL content. Please develop a proper marketing plan and promote your site elsewhere.  -- SiobhanHansa 21:03, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

"Plastic canvas"
I found a napkin holder that was made out of some yarn and a weird green plastic with holes in it, and a friend told me that this was "plastic canvas", and used as a structural material for sewing and such. Does anyone know anything about it? Would someone be able to create a stub or redirect for plastic canvas? --Creidieki 00:34, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I did; thought I posted a comment here. PKM 17:17, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Sure, you can buy it at AC more. It can be used for tons of stuff and is a great tool to use to teach needlepoint or bargello. The plastic canvas actually comes in a variety of colors. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ruthseel (talk • contribs) 18:55, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Darning
Redirects here. There's no mention of it in the article, and it's not just a synonym for 'sewing' after all. Someone kindly fix this! (ie write a bit) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.115.228.253 (talk) 18:00, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. See Darning. PKM did a lot of good work on it. Zora 21:13, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Tacking and Basting
I've started Tack (sewing) - there's a cleanup effort on to break apart the various senses of tack - could use more information. Like an illustration of how to make a tailor's tack.

Also, basting now covers both the cooking and sewing senses - if someone does basting stitch we should split those apart, and link from tack (sewing) - I have temporarily linked basting stitch here to tack (sewing)

Oh, and could someone form the UK confirm whether "tack" is the standard UK term for US "baste"? - PKM 18:09, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Notions
Notions are items required for finishing a garment in addition to the fabric and pattern, e.g. pins and buttons, but not pin cushions. The article needs to be rearranged accordingly. Mr. Jones 12:40, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Any teachers out there?
I am interested in knowing what your curriculum covers for a first and second year sewing course.

Please let me know!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.146.90.157 (talk) 18:51, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Anyone interested in another project?
I have just started a new wiki at Craftacular.com. It runs on the same software as wikipedia, but the goal is a little different.

I am working to make it a central resource for all things related to crafts. A central, on-line repositiory of patterns, techniques, tutorials, tip & tricks, etc that people can use as a resource. It will be a place that encourages opinions. I'm (obviously) just getting started, but I'm reaching out to crafters to ask them if they'd be willing to contribute some of their expertise or help me get the word out.

I appreciate any help that you can lend. It's going to take a lot more people than just myself to get this baby up to its full potential.

Also, please let me know if this comment is unwelcome. It's my understanding from reading wikipedia's rule/terms of use that this would be an appropriate place for a post like this. Thanks! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shanak (talk • contribs) 18:19, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject?
I'm thinking about starting a WikiProject for Textile Arts that would include all the usual crafts (sewing, knitting, weaving, crochet, lace, etc.) plus clothing and fashion design. We basically need to find 5 editors who are interested in contributing. A WikiProject would allow us to use tags to monitor the progress of our field, using the Mathbot assessments. We could also make common templates, info-boxes and whatnot, and it might draw other textile-enthusiasts to us. (More knitters, yeay!)  I'd be willing to get it off the ground, programming-wise; are people here interested in joining?  Thanks! :) Willow 10:13, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm interested, but I'm also watching 700 articles and I'm chronically short on time. I dunno if it would be fair for me to sign up if I'm always going to be busy with articles relating to Islam, Indian cinema, and the South Pacific. Zora 23:58, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Hi Zora, it's great to talk with you again! :) It's true, we're all busy, but the commitment might not be too bad; maybe an article a month or so?  I think assessing and organizing our articles would be good and help to attract other editors; if we all pitch in a little, we might make something really good.

PS. I noticed the Vandal Sonnet in German on your Barnstar page — it's really good. You probably already have a translation of it, but I'd be happy to make you one, albeit inexpertly; it should be appreciated. ;) Willow 10:31, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

surgeon
I think that surgeons should be removed from the list of occupations that require sewing since surgeons really perform sutures, not sew skin together. A rather small, but important, difference I think. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.182.123.148 (talk) 17:50, 16 February 2007 (UTC).
 * Agree. - PKM 18:41, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Seam allowance
I don't think seam allowance should be merged here; rather, this should be a Main Article on this essential craft and the section on seam allowance here should be merged into seam allowance. - PKM 18:41, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree. Seam Allowance should be searchable on its own. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.68.248.24 (talk) 00:15, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Alternatives?
How about a section on the alternatives to sewing, such as welded seams (for appropriate materials) and any other methods that exist? EdX20 (talk) 17:27, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Smocking, Heirloom Embroidery
Hi everyone! Just wanted to let you know www.adorableheirlooms.com has a blog with informational videos on how to do hand embroidery stitches. They also offer several high end laces, fabrics and notions. Check it out! Jennifer Jones —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.60.144.199 (talk) 01:32, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

sewing tools
--58.69.5.102 (talk) 07:54, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Free advertising !
There is free advertising for Bernina in this page ?! I work with Singer and Brother ! Aufiletamesure.com - - --Bernard Piette (talk) 14:01, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

Blocked URL?
After finding the Wiki sites unhelpful in teaching some basic stitches, I found some great vids at http://www.monkeysee(dot)com/play/2144-how-to-sew-by-hand When I tried to add this URL to the external references, it was rejected by the spam blocker (or some such). I really think that its inclusion should be considered (and if the other vids at the site are as helpful as these were to me, others as well). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.70.250.105 (talk) 15:17, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Major restructure proposed
This article needs a lot of work. I propose to move the lists into their own "list" articles (linked from here), with wikilinks as appropriate, and then add properly cited history and some world-wide perspective.

Any objections or other thoughts? - PKM (talk) 17:49, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I have removed the list of notions as they are all now included the sewing Navbox. I also rewrote Notions (sewing). - PKM (talk) 03:03, 2 June 2010 (UTC)
 * By the way, I am not sure which reference supports "seamstress (from seams-mistress) or seamster (from seams-master)", but it is completely wrong. Both terms originally meant sewing-woman, from Old English sēamestre with the same female-agent suffix found in the name "Brewster".  See http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/seamster - PKM (talk) 01:16, 7 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I have completely rewritten what was here. Everything after the Lead needs further work and expansion.  Specific notes:
 * The list of tools is in the navbox.
 * The list of occupations is in List of sewing occupations (new article) and linked from "See also".
 * Seamstress now redirects to Dressmaker which already had a discussion of the distinction (which I have expanded to include historical perspective).
 * I intend to write List of sewing terminology. Soon.
 * Glossary of textile manufacturing has this covered. - PKM (talk) 06:30, 12 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Spam removed.
 * "Globalize" tag removed - the focus on (Western) home sewing that (I think) triggered that flag is now gone, and as I expand this I will add more world-wide perspective.
 * Lots more to come. - PKM (talk) 03:03, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

To-do list

 * On futher thought, we still need Glossary of sewing terminology.
 * ✅ Stitch (textile arts) needs its own article.
 * ✅ The list of stitches that was here is now reorganized a bit as List of sewing stitches.
 * Expand list and add citations/links
 * Create article Overcast stitch
 * ✅Create separate article on Seam (sewing). - PKM (talk) 03:30, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Update Seam disambiguation page to match.
 * Add history section to this article - touch on invention of steel sewing needle, darning/embroidery, rise of British tailoring, sewing machine, overlock machine, traditions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, maybe haute couture.
 * Social implications? (putting-out system, industrialization, sweatshops, unionization). I don't really have the background to add this aspect.

- PKM (talk) 19:20, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

Garment Construction
Working on expanding the Garment Construction section. Planning to expand it scrap by scrap as I find appropriate specific references to tie the new content to.

--RamblingChicken (talk) 06:26, 27 February 2017 (UTC)

plagiarism
I found several sentences in the section of "20th century and today," describing the popularization and development of sewing patterns, and these sentences appear to be plagiarized by Podcast. The following link https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/jessica-cramer/style-blues/e/54043715 is where I found it. Please refer to it and share your thoughts or comments.JRABBIT18 (talk) 04:43, 18 October 2018 (UTC)

"Sewing and Tailoring" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Sewing and Tailoring. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 22:32, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

"Garment worker" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Garment worker. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 22:33, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

Joining and Assembling
What are stitches 154.161.42.149 (talk) 21:29, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sewing


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Talk:Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska

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title: Talk:Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska


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Talk:Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska

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Please note that the name of this census area has been changed.

The new name is Price of Wales-Hyder Census Area, as Ketchikan Gateway Borough has absorbed most of the Outer Ketchikan area.

A link at the US Census Bureau documents this change:

http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ansi/changenotes.html#9

Fritz Keppler —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.79.107.109 (talk) 01:33, 5 February 2009 (UTC)


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Talk:Sitka, Alaska

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Requested move: 12/3/06

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move. Main article had already been moved to the present location, only the talk page remained. Closing this debate early, I believe this is an uncontroversial proposal. -- Hús  ö  nd  01:56, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Strong Support — I support moving the page to Sitka, Alaska because that is the most common way of referring to it. Google agrees and, being a lifelong Sitka resident, that is how I hear Sitka referred to most as.
 * Sitka City, Alaska → Sitka, Alaska —(Discuss)— Common way of reference —Jarfingle 23:51, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * God no!! Don't put me in Sitka City! Somebody please fix it!

 * It should be either Sitka, Alaska with a section on the borough, or it should go back to City and Borough. 66.58.243.235 10:00, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Title of the Pioneer Home
The state website is here. It says "Sitka Pioneer Home" -- it seems like we should go for that. I agree, Alaska Pioneer's Home is emblazoned but coloquial usage predominately goes by the "Pioneer Home." That, and the fact the state calls it a "pioneer home" should rule out "pioneer's" despite historical usage. I think "Alaska" should not be used because that is ambiguous (sp?) with the Alaska Pioneer Home System as there are five others in the state. And again, the state refers to this is the "Sitka Pioneer Home" not the "Alaska Pioneer Home."

Ferry service to Sitka
The article states that ferry service is spotty and minimal. I'm not sure I agree with this statement. I spent a several months in the area the last two summers, often near the ferry terminal in Starrigavan Bay. Ferrys frequently came in and out while I was there, and securité calls could often be heard from them as they went through Whitestone Narrows. Some quick searching on the official site says that there are only weekly sailings from Bellingham (vs. twice weekly to Ketchikan and Petersburg), but I don't think that is infrequent enough to warrant a label of spotty.Stubblyhead 23:41, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Ferry Service
Here are some stats to consider:
 * Sitka gets 17 calls in the month of January '06 -- population: 8,800
 * Petersburg gets 34 calls in the month of January '06 -- population 3,200 (nearly two and a half times smaller that Sitka) although this can be argued as an anomaly
 * Ketchikan gets 30 calls in the month January '06 -- population 8,000 a town of comprable size

My argument is that a town that gets twice a little service as comprable and smaller-sized towns should be labeled as "spotty" especially considering the ferries are the primary mode of transportation for many Southeast Alaskans.

I'm not sure if this convinces you, but I think it's obvious at very least that we can note that Sitka has less service than other towns. Also keep in mind that service is all relative, so while you were at (I'm assuming) Starrigavan Campground and saw ferries coming every other day that may seem a lot but relatively it isn't. What are your thoughts?Jarfingle 02:53, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

I agree with you that Sitka gets less ferry traffic than other cities in the Southeast, but I still disagree with the use of the term spotty. Spotty would imply that service is irregular or of poor quality, and I wouldn't say the ferry service is either of those. From looking at the schedule for this summer, there appears to be regular runs both northbound and southbound, including some runs on the Fairweather. While I think it would be fair to say that it recieves less ferry traffic than other nearby communities, I wouldn't define it as either infrequent or irregular.Stubblyhead 20:40, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Tlingit history
There's a huge amount of recorded and oral Tlingit history of Sitka. Someone should take some time to examine anthropological and historical records involving Stika, and list some of the more famous potlatches, interclan wars, etc. that occurred in Stika. More importantly, someone should add some of the Tlingit side of the story to the history about Sitka's early battles between the Russians and the Tlingit.

I would do a lot of this, but I never can find enough time. So I'm encouraging anyone with a historical or anthropological bent to look into this. — Jéioosh 22:52, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Definitions of city and borough
Is it correct to say that the city-borough is located on the west side of Baranof Island when the city-borough also encompasses Baranof Island and part of Chichagof? Probably not. I'm not sure what the definitions of "city," "borough," and "city-borough" are, but someone who does might clear this up. It might be that the "city-borough" is being conflated with the "borough seat." Again, not sure. Dkreisst 13:00, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Also, in the article List of Alaska borough seats, it states that the City and Borough of Sitka has no borough seat. Dkreisst 10:00, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

I believe that Sitka both does and doesn't have a borough seat. It doesn't because it's "seat" is the Sitka City Gov., but that government also runs the borough, so it does, just not in the way other borough's do. Wrad 00:04, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * As a unified city-borough, the "city government" does not run the borough, because there is no independent city government: the former city government and the former borough government have been unified into a single government. The "City of Sitka" no longer exists as a legal entity. Refs at http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/rlinks/government/ak_local.html.

 * Hence, the List of Alaska borough seats is correct about the City & Borough of Sitka not having a borough seat. I've removed the reference to such from this article, & the tag regarding the former contradiction. --Yksin 21:00, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Trivia
What are editors' opinions on maintaining a trivia section in this article? Dkreisst 07:50, 9 July 2007 (UTC) Here are my thoughts: I think most all of the non-media/literature-related trivia can easily be put into the main body of the article. Dkreisst 07:38, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The policy of wikipedia is the following : Avoid trivia sections . Hektor 08:15, 2 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Dana can support the history section.
 * most valuable fisheries port and largest harbor system can be put into a new economy section (badly needed).
 * largest incorp. city limits is already in the intro paragraph, and the "four times as large as Rhode Island" isn't that crucial.
 * Sitka written in cyrilic should be deleted.

Date of renaming Novoarkhangelsk to Sitka
I was wondering when it was decided to rename Novoarkhangelsk to Sitka, as I can't find a specific reference to it in the article. Was it when the Alaska Purchase came into effect or when general Jefferson C. Davis the Russians out of the settlement threw or at some other date? --Hardscarf (talk) 16:20, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

According to some sources the Americans persisted in calling Sitka before the handover was completed. Berry —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.49.90.190 (talk) 14:13, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Also, regarding renaming: right after the handover the first street that the Americans have renamed was the main street: Lincoln Street. But what was the name (if any) before I cannot find. Berry —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.49.90.190 (talk) 14:25, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Sitka in Books

I found one more book with large part of the story based in Sitka: 'The Great Alone' by Janet Dailey, Sphere Books Limited, London 1987 Berry —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.49.90.190 (talk) 14:15, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Finskoj Aljaskje / Finnish Alaska
It seems that nearly the whole population of Novoarhagelskij (renamed later Sitka) was of Finnish origin. Only few ethnic Russian lived there, but more than 500 Finns which were citizen of The Grand Duchy of Finland, then part of Imperial Russia. Also some Germans from Danzig, Balts from Courland and, according to their names, quite many Mordvians (Volga Finns). It was a real "Wild West" according to the Finnish preserved records, still available in Finnish archives. The Finnish men were quite popular in the eyes of the Indian women with a result that the descendants of such free sexual relationships spreaded from Sitka to Fort Ross in California and can be today (2008) accounted in thousands. Finnish language seems to have been the general language used and I think the main road was named Suomentie (Finland´s Road) if they followed the common practice of Finnish emigrants. There is lot of additional information also in Finnish Wikipedia, but unfortunately only in Finnish language. The Finns can be found in both church registers, the Protestant and Orthodox ones, and form the majority of the whole European population in Russian Alaska. As late as 1939 there were over 2.000 Finns living in Alaska and their descendats live still there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.113.112.46 (talk) 19:35, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Pictures?
I may be going back to Sitka soon, and I was wondering if any of the images need updating? moo cows  rule  01:07, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

Different Order of Events in Battle of Sitka
In Stephen Haycox' history, "Alaska, An American Colony" (University of Washington Press, 2002), the order of events is different from that given here, as follows:

"Baranov tried to lead the infantry assault with a few Russians and several hundred Aleuts but was beaten off, taking a bullet in the arm. Lisianskii then reduced the Native post with his ship's guns, and the Tlingit evacuated the site." (p. 98).

Given that the Battle of Sitka article in Wikipedia cites Lisianskii's log, I'm inclined to believe Wikipedia's order of events, but I thought I'd note this in case anyone thinks the discrepancy worth investigating. I agree with the suggestion that balancing the article with accounts from the Tlingit viewpoint would be a much more interesting contribution. Dominic Widdows (talk) 03:39, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

fourth largest city?
This is also stated on the page for Wasilla, which has a higher population. Should this line be deleted? Anoldtreeok (talk) 08:02, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

Demographics
is there any way we can get a clearer look at the demographics? I know the government usually separates " Black, White, Asian, Islander, & N. American" but the area has a strong Russian & apparently Finnish connexion & white isn't really specific.. or the congruent to Russian or Suomalaiset.

I agree, and what about the population spikes in 1940, 1960, and 1980; any explanations? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.183.224.2 (talk) 20:36, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

Notable mayors and other officials
Once again, we're perhaps confusing actual notability with fleeting celebrity or fleeting news headlines. Right off the top of my head, I can think of six former mayors of Sitka who were far more notable than Scott McAdams: John Dapcevich, John O'Connell, Ben Grussendorf, Dick Eliason, Rocky Gutierrez and Benjamin D. Stewart. I didn't even take into consideration any of the 19th-century mayors under the "provisional city government." McAdams didn't even have five minutes of fame, much less fifteen, once Lisa Murkowski announced her write-in campaign. The hardcore Democrats in Alaska haven't abandoned McAdams, even though pretty much everyone else did.

There's also early American government officials who had more than a superficial association with Sitka, such as M. D. Ball, Sheldon Jackson and John G. Brady. Various sources (which may be in conflict with other sources) state that Brady's ties to Sitka were the key factor for the delay in moving the capital to Juneau between the time that Congress passed the act of 1900 and the actual move took place six years later.RadioKAOS (talk) 21:24, 17 September 2012 (UTC)

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Major revision needed
This page is due for a fairly major overhaul, adding significantly to the history section. Areas that need expanding include (at least) Native history pre-contact, early US history, civil rights (Sheldon Jackson and the ANB/ANS), WW II (Fort Ray), the timber industry (APC and the 50 year timber contract) and... perhaps the fire.

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Hot spring about 7-8 miles from Sitka?
I've been reading a memoir by John D'Wolf (uncle of Herman Melville) called A Voyage to the North Pacific and a journey through Siberia more than half a century ago, published in 1861 and recounting, among other things, time he spent in Sitka in 1805, hanging out with Baranov, Nikolai Rezanov, Georg von Langsdorff, and others. It's online here: https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.16841

I was intrigued by a comment he makes on p. 59:

 * ...I made many excursions about [Sitka Sound] in my baidarka. About seven or eight miles from the village [Sitka], there was a hot-water spring which I visited. Situated in a beautiful, romantic place, the water runs down from the foot of a high mountain, in a small serpentine rivulet, for several hundred yards, and empties into a broad basin, several rods in diameter [~50-100 feet], which has a sandy bottom. The heat of the water at its source is about 150°, and as it spreads over the basin below it cools down to 100°. It is strongly impregnated with sulphur, and with salt and magnesia.

I wonder if this still exists. Seems like it would be well known if it did. 7-8 miles by kayak from Sitka isn't very far. Anyone know about it? Would be an interesting bit of history if it still exists, or even if its location is known. I know about Baranof Warm Springs, Alaska, but that would be well over 50 miles from Sitka by kayak. Pfly (talk) 01:58, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

 * A google search for "Sitka Hot Springs" brings back several results pointing to "Goddard Hot Springs, also known as Sitka Hot Springs"... 15 or 16 miles away... could this be the same? - Adolphus79 (talk) 04:39, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Goddard Hot Springs (A.K.A. Sitka Hot Springs according to some websites) might be the same Baranof Warm Springs, Alaska that you linked... although all the travel websites list the Goddard spring on the west side of Baranof island, and our Baranof Warm Springs article lists them on the East side of the island (as well as different LAT/LON coordinates)... so... ? - Adolphus79 (talk) 04:40, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Oh hey thanks, that actually looks quite plausible. I checked USGS GNIS, which has this entry for "Goddard", with variants names including "Hot Springs" and "Sitka Hot Springs", among others. It also has this "history" text:

 * This is the site of a health resort locally named about 1924 for Dr. F. L. Goddard, a local businessman. It was probably established about 1800 by the Russians who called it "Teplyya Tseplitel Yuchya Klyuchi," meaning "sheltered curative hot springs" (Sarichev, 1826, map 19). They had a hospital here in 1841. In 1908 a post office named "Sanitarium" was established here, but the name was changed to "Goddard" in 1924; discontinued in 1944 (Ricks, 1965, p. 23, 56).

 * If the Russians knew about it "about 1800" it would make sense that D'Wolf would know in 1805. Further, it is on "Hot Springs Bay". Here is a link to USGS topos of the area. About 16 miles from Sitka is more than "about seven or eight miles", but D'Wolf was estimating decades later. Makes sense that he could have halved the distance, but he's quite clear about staying in or very close to Sitka Sound.

 * Thanks! I'm not quite sure what to do with this information, lol. If nothing else I'll see if D'Wolf says anything else. He wrote a bunch of interesting descriptions of Sitka at that early time. Someday I hope to make a page for him. Quite the adventure he had, as well as being tied to the early history of the Russian-American Company's presence at Sitka. He sold his 200 ton ship Juno to Baranov, with all its cargo and provisions, which was a big deal for Baranov at that time, and saved Sitka from a food crisis. Juno was then used for various things, including reconnoitering for a post in California and the mouth of the Columbia (almost meeting Lewis and Clark), and other things. However it wrecked in 1811 on the coast of Kamchatka. Pfly (talk) 05:29, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Goddard hot springs and Baranof Warm Springs are not the same. Happy to help with other questions! Dleit Ḵaa (talk) 07:16, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

 * It sounds like, at the very least, we need a new article for the Goddard springs... - Adolphus79 (talk) 07:30, 6 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Goddard Hot Springs and the resort are mentioned quite frequently in contemporary sources about the area and Alaska in general. That likely has a lot to do with the lack of an article, as there are multiple generations' worth of 19th- and 20th-century human knowledge which hasn't migrated very well to the web. RadioKAOS / Talk to me, Billy / Transmissions  07:35, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

"Novoarkhanglesk" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novoarkhanglesk&redirect=no Novoarkhanglesk] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. 1234qwer1234qwer4 21:16, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sitka, Alaska


text:
Doctor Zhivago (film)

Doctor Zhivago is a 1965 epic historical romance film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt, based on the 1957 novel by Boris Pasternak. The story is set in Russia during World War I and the Russian Civil War. The film stars Omar Sharif in the title role as Yuri Zhivago, a married physician and poet whose life is altered by the Russian Revolution and subsequent civil war, and Julie Christie as his love interest Lara Antipova. Geraldine Chaplin, Tom Courtenay, Rod Steiger, Alec Guinness, Ralph Richardson, Siobhán McKenna, and Rita Tushingham play supporting roles.

While immensely popular in the West, Pasternak's book was banned in the Soviet Union for decades. As the film could not be made there, it was instead filmed mostly in Spain. It was an international co-production between Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Italian producer Carlo Ponti.

Contemporary critics were critical of its length at over three hours and claimed that it trivialized history, but acknowledged the intensity of the love story and the film's treatment of human themes. At the 38th Academy Awards, Doctor Zhivago was nominated for ten Oscars (including Best Picture) and won five: Best Adapted Screenplay, Original Score, Cinematography, Art Direction, and Costume Design. It also won five awards at the 23rd Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture.

, it is the ninth highest-grossing film worldwide after adjusting for inflation. In 1998, it was ranked 39th by the American Film Institute on their 100 Years... 100 Movies list, and by the British Film Institute in 1999 as the 27th greatest British film ever.

Part one
NKVD Lieutenant-General Yevgraf Zhivago searches for the daughter of his half-brother Dr. Yuri Zhivago and Larissa ("Lara") Antipova. Yevgraf believes a young dam worker, Tanya Komarova, may be his niece and explains to her why.

After his mother's burial, the orphaned child Yuri, owning only an inherited balalaika, was taken by family friends Alexander and Anna Gromeko to Moscow. In 1913, Zhivago, now a doctor and poet, becomes engaged to the Gromekos' daughter Tonya after her schooling in Paris.

Meanwhile, 17-year-old Lara is seduced by her mother's much older friend/lover, the well-connected Victor Komarovsky. Lara's friend, the idealistic Pasha Antipov, who wishes to marry her, is wounded by mounted police at a peaceful demonstration. Lara treats Pasha's wound, and hides a gun he picked up.

Discovering Lara's relationship with Komarovsky, her mother attempts suicide. Komarovsky attempts to dissuade Lara from marrying Pasha. She refuses and he rapes her. A traumatised Lara later follows Komarovsky to a party, shoots him in the arm, and is escorted out by Pasha. Pasha marries her, despite now knowing about her relationship with Komarovsky. They leave Moscow.

During World War I, Yuri, now married to Tonya, becomes a battlefield doctor. Pasha joins up, but is reported missing. Lara enlists as a nurse to search for him and encounters Zhivago. For six months, they serve at a field hospital, as unrest grows in Russia after exiled Vladimir Lenin returns. The two fall in love, but Zhivago remains faithful to Tonya.

After Russia leaves the war, Yuri returns to Tonya, their son Sasha and the widowed Alexander Gromeko in their Moscow house, which was confiscated by the Soviet government and now houses many other people. Yevgraf, now a Cheka officer, tells Yuri his poems have been condemned as anti-communist. Yevgraf provides documents so the family can travel to the Gromekos' country home, "Varykino", in the Urals near Yuriatin. Their heavily guarded train travels through contested territory where Bolshevik commander Strelnikov is fighting anti-Communist White forces.

Part two
The train stops near Strelnikov's armored train. Yuri gets out, is captured and taken to Strelnikov, whom Yuri recognizes as Pasha. Strelnikov mentions that Lara lives in Yuriatin, now White-occupied. Strelnikov lets Zhivago return to his train. The family find the main house at Varykino sealed up by the Bolsheviks; they settle into a neighboring cottage. In Yuriatin, Yuri sees Lara, and they begin an affair. When Tonya is about to give birth to a second child, Yuri breaks off with Lara but is forcibly enlisted by Communist partisans.

After two years, Yuri deserts and returns to Yuriatin. Lara says Tonya contacted her while searching for Yuri. Leaving his belongings with Lara, she returned to Moscow. Tonya later sent Lara a sealed letter for Yuri. Tonya had borne a daughter, and she, her father, and two children are living in Paris following deportation.

Yuri and Lara become lovers again but Komarovsky arrives. Cheka agents have been watching them due to Lara's marriage to Strelnikov. Komarovsky offers them help escaping Russia, but they refuse, instead going to Varykino, and hiding in the main house. Yuri begins the "Lara" poems, which will bring him fame but government disapproval. Komarovsky arrives with troops. Recently appointed as a Far Eastern Republic official, he says the Cheka allowed Lara to remain in the area only to lure Strelnikov; he had been captured five miles away, and committed suicide. They now intend to arrest Lara. Komarovsky's offer of safe passage is accepted, but once Lara is on her way, Yuri does not follow. On the train, Lara tells Komarovsky she is pregnant by Yuri.

Years later, Yevgraf finds a Moscow medical job for his now frail half-brother. Yuri sees Lara in the street. He has a fatal heart attack before reaching her. At Yuri's funeral Lara asks Yevgraf for help finding her daughter by Yuri, who vanished during the civil war. Yevgraf helps her search the orphanages, in vain. Lara then disappears and Yevgraf believes she died in a gulag.

Yevgraf believes that Tanya Komarova is Yuri and Lara's daughter; she remains unconvinced. Asked how she became lost, Tanya answers that her "father" (Komarovsky) let go of her hand when they were running from bombardment. Yevgraf responds that a real father would not have let go. Tanya promises to consider Yevgraf's words. Her boyfriend David arrives, and she leaves with him. Yevgraf notices Tanya carries a balalaika. He asks if she can play, and David replies, "She's an artist!", and says she is untrained. Yevgraf responds, "Ah... then it's a gift!"

Cast

 * Omar Sharif as Yuri Andreyevich Zhivago
 * Tarek Sharif (Omar's real-life son) as young Yuri
 * Julie Christie as Larissa Ameliava "Lara" Antipova
 * Geraldine Chaplin as Tonya Gromeko
 * Rod Steiger as Victor Ippolitovich Komarovsky
 * Alec Guinness as Yevgraf Andreyevich Zhivago
 * Tom Courtenay as Pavel "Pasha" Antipov / Strelnikov
 * Siobhán McKenna as Anna Gromeko
 * Ralph Richardson as Alexander Maximovich Gromeko
 * Rita Tushingham as The Girl
 * Jeffrey Rockland as Sasha Yurievich Zhivago
 * Klaus Kinski as Kostoyed Amoursky
 * Bernard Kay as Kuril
 * Gérard Tichy as Liberius Mikulitsyn
 * Jack MacGowran as Petya
 * Noel Willman as Razin
 * Geoffrey Keen as Professor Boris Kurt
 * Adrienne Corri as Amelia
 * Mark Eden as Bakunin

Background
Boris Pasternak's novel was published in the West amidst celebration and controversy. Pasternak began writing it in 1945, and was giving private readings of excerpts as early as 1946. However, the novel was not completed until 1956. The book had to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union by an Italian called D'Angelo to be delivered to Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, a left-wing Italian publisher who published it shortly thereafter, in 1957. Helped by a Soviet campaign against the novel, it became a sensation throughout the non-communist world. It spent 26 weeks atop The New York Times best-seller list.

Pasternak was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize for Literature. While the citation noted his poetry, it was speculated that the prize was mainly for Doctor Zhivago, which the Soviet government saw as an anti-Soviet work, thus interpreting the award of the Nobel Prize as a gesture hostile to the Soviet Union. A target of the Soviet government's fervent campaign to label him a traitor, Pasternak felt compelled to refuse the Prize. The situation became an international cause célèbre and made Pasternak a Cold War symbol of resistance to Soviet communism.

Development and casting
The film treatment by David Lean was proposed for various reasons. Pasternak's novel had been an international success, and producer Carlo Ponti was interested in adapting it as a vehicle for his wife, Sophia Loren. Lean, coming off the huge success of Lawrence of Arabia (1962), wanted to make a more intimate, romantic film to balance the action- and adventure-oriented tone of his previous film. One of the first actors signed onboard was Omar Sharif, who had played Lawrence's right-hand man Sherif Ali in Lawrence of Arabia. Sharif loved the novel, and when he heard Lean was making a film adaptation, he requested to be cast in the role of Pasha (which ultimately went to Tom Courtenay).

Sharif was quite surprised when Lean suggested that he play Zhivago. Peter O'Toole, star of Lawrence of Arabia, was Lean's original choice for Zhivago, but turned the part down; Max von Sydow and Paul Newman also were considered. Rod Taylor was offered the role but turned it down. Michael Caine tells in his autobiography that he also read for Zhivago and participated in the screen shots with Christie, but (after watching the results with David Lean) was the one who suggested Omar Sharif. Rod Steiger was cast as Komarovsky after Marlon Brando and James Mason turned the part down. Audrey Hepburn was considered for Tonya, and Robert Bolt lobbied for Albert Finney to play Pasha.

Lean convinced Ponti that Loren was not right for the role of Lara, saying she was "too tall" (and confiding in screenwriter Robert Bolt that he could not accept Loren as a virgin for the early parts of the film), and Jeanne Moreau, Yvette Mimieux, Sarah Miles and Jane Fonda were considered for the role. Ultimately, Julie Christie was cast based on her appearance in Billy Liar (1963) and the recommendation of Jack Cardiff, who directed her in Young Cassidy (1965). Sharif's son Tarek was cast as the young Zhivago, and Sharif directed his son as a way to get closer to his character.

Filming
Lean's experience filming a part of Lawrence of Arabia in Spain, access to CEA Studios, and the guarantee of snow in some parts of Spain led to his choosing the country as the primary location for filming. However, the weather predictions failed and David Lean's team experienced Spain's warmest winter in 50 years. As a result, some scenes were filmed in interiors with artificial snow made with dust from a nearby marble quarry. The team filmed some locations with natural heavy snow, such as the snowy landscape in Strelnikov's train sequence, somewhere in Campo de Gómara near Soria.

Nicolas Roeg was the original director of photography and worked on some scenes but, after an argument with Lean, he left and was replaced by Freddie Young. Principal photography began on 28 December 1964, and production ended on 8 October the following year; the entire Moscow set was built from scratch outside Madrid. Most of the scenes covering Zhivago's and Lara's service in World War I were filmed in Soria, as was the Varykino estate. The "ice-palace" at Varykino was filmed in Soria as well, a house filled with frozen beeswax. The charge of the partisans across the frozen lake was also filmed in Spain; a cast iron sheet was placed over a dried river-bed, and fake snow (mostly marble dust) was added on top. Some of the winter scenes were filmed in summer with warm temperatures, sometimes of up to 25 °C (77 °F). Other locations include Madrid-Delicias railway station in Madrid and the Moncayo Range. The initial and final scenes were shot at the Aldeadávila Dam between Spain and Portugal. Although uncredited, most of those scenes were shot on the Portuguese side of the river, overlooking the Spanish side.

Other winter sequences, mostly landscape scenes and Yuri's escape from the partisans, were filmed in Finland. Winter scenes of the family traveling to Yuriatin by rail were filmed in Canada. The locomotives seen in the film are Spanish locomotives like the RENFE Class 240 (ex-1400 MZA), and Strelnikov's armoured train is towed by the RENFE Class 141F Mikado locomotive.

One train scene became notorious for the supposed fate that befell Lili Muráti, a Hungarian actress, who slipped clambering onto a moving train. Although she fell under the wagon, she escaped serious injury and returned to work within three weeks (and did not perish or lose a limb). Lean appears to have used part of her accident in the film's final cut.

Theatrical
Released theatrically on 22 December 1965, the film went on to gross $111.7 million in the United States and Canada across all of its releases, becoming the second highest-grossing film of 1965. It is the eighth highest-grossing film of all time adjusted for inflation. The film sold an estimated 124.1 million tickets in the United States and Canada, equivalent to $1.1 billion adjusted for inflation as of 2018.

In addition, it is the ninth highest-grossing film worldwide after adjusting for inflation. The film sold an estimated 248.2million tickets worldwide, equivalent to US$2.1 billion adjusted for inflation as of 2014. It is the most popular film of all time in Italy with 22.9 million admissions. It was the highest-grossing film in Germany with theatrical rentals of 39 million Deutschmarks from 12.75 million admissions and also the most popular film of all time in Switzerland with over 1 million admissions. In the United Kingdom, it was the most popular film of the year with 11.2 million admissions and was the third-highest-grossing film of all time in Australia with theatrical rentals of A$2.5 million. The film's 2015 limited re-release in the United Kingdom grossed $138,493.

In May 1966, the film was entered into competition at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.

Home media
On 24 September 2002, the 35th Anniversary version of Doctor Zhivago was issued on DVD (two-disc set), and another Anniversary Edition in 2010 on Blu-ray (a three-disc set that includes a book).

Critical reception
Upon its initial release, Doctor Zhivago was criticized for its romanticization of the revolution. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times felt that the film's focus on the love story between Zhivago and Lara trivialized the events of the Russian Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, but was impressed by the film's visuals. Also critical of the film was The Guardian's Richard Roud, who wrote: "In the film the revolution is reduced to a series of rather annoying occurrences; getting firewood, finding a seat on a train, and a lot of nasty proles being tiresome. Whatever one thinks of the Russian Revolution it was certainly more than a series of consumer problems. At least it was to Zhivago himself. The whole point of the book was that even though Zhivago disapproved of the course the revolution took, he had approved of it in principle. Had he not, there would have been no tragedy". Brendan Gill of The New Yorker called the film "a grievous disappointment ... these able actors have been given almost nothing to do except wear costumes and engage in banal small talk. Doctor Zhivago is one of the stillest motion pictures of all time, and an occasional bumpy train ride or crudely inserted cavalry charge only points up its essential immobility." The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "The best one can say of Doctor Zhivago is that it is an honest failure. Boris Pasternak's sprawling, complex, elusive novel is held together by its unity of style, by the driving force of its narrative, by the passionate voice of a poet who weaves a mass of diverse characters into a single tapestry. And this is precisely what David Lean's film lacks. Somewhere in the two years of the film's making the spirit of the novel has been lost."

Among the positive reviews, Time magazine called the film "literate, old-fashioned, soul-filling and thoroughly romantic". Arthur D. Murphy of Variety declared, "The sweep and scope of the Russian revolution, as reflected in the personalities of those who either adapted or were crushed, has been captured by David Lean in 'Doctor Zhivago,' frequently with soaring dramatic intensity. Director [David Lean] has accomplished one of the most meticulously designed and executed films—superior in several visual respects to his 'Lawrence of Arabia.'" Philip K. Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times called the film "as throat-catchingly magnificent as the screen could be, the apotheosis of the cinema as art. With Spain and Finland doubling, absolutely incredibly, for Moscow and the Urals in all seasons, we are transplanted to another land and time ... if you will brace yourself for an inordinately lengthy session—intermission notwithstanding—in a theater seat, I can promise you some fine film-making." Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called it "Visually beautiful and finely acted." He identified the film's length as its "greatest drawback" but wrote that "we weary of the long train ride or become impatient with individual scenes, but, thinking back on them, we perceive their proper intent." Clifford Terry of the Chicago Tribune wrote that director David Lean and screenwriter Robert Bolt "have fashioned out of a rambling book, a well controlled film highlighted by excellent acting and brilliant production."

Reviewing it for its 30th anniversary, film critic Roger Ebert regarded it as "an example of superb old-style craftsmanship at the service of a soppy romantic vision", and wrote that "the story, especially as it has been simplified by Lean and his screenwriter, Robert Bolt, seems political in the same sense Gone with the Wind is political, as spectacle and backdrop, without ideology", concluding that the political content is treated mostly as a "sideshow". Geoffrey Macnab of The Independent reviewed the film for its 50th anniversary and noted director David Lean's "extraordinary artistry" but found the film bordering on "kitsch". Macnab also felt that the musical score by Maurice Jarre still stood up but criticised the English accents.

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating 84% based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 7.60/10. The critical consensus reads: "It may not be the best of David Lean's epics, but Dr. Zhivago is still brilliantly photographed and sweepingly romantic."

In 2013, Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck cited Doctor Zhivago as an influence on the 2013 film Frozen.

Awards and nominations
Both Doctor Zhivago and The Sound of Music received the most nominations at the 38th Academy Awards (ten each). Both films won five Academy Awards apiece, but The Sound of Music won Best Picture and Best Director. Julie Christie was not nominated for her role in Doctor Zhivago, but won Best Actress in the same year, for her performance in Darling.

American Film Institute recognition

 * AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies – No. 39
 * AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions – No. 7

title: Doctor Zhivago (film)


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Talk:Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska

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I did some math to get more precise population density, rather than 0/km2. To two decimals, same as the rest of the demographic figures.

What's the distinction between family and household here? Also, there seem to be a lot of empty housing units. Is there a story behind this?Vicki Rosenzweig

Where did the size information come from? The entire and former Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area was 11,376.73 square miles, according the U.S. Census Bureau. Another wikipedia article on Skagway lists its borough size as 464.4 square miles. Where did the remaining square mileage go, if Hoonah-Angoon is only 7,564 square miles (i.e. the remaining nearly 3,000 square miles)? Dnrothx —Preceding undated comment was added at 14:20, 31 October 2008 (UTC).
 * The 7,564 figure is actually the land area. In fact, there was an arithmetic error there and the correct figure should be 7,444 (now corrected in the article). --Polaron | Talk 14:59, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

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Talk:Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska

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Talk:Yakutat, Alaska

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Meaning of the name Yakutat
I'm not sure that I agree with the "canoe bobbing" citation - I heard a presentation by a Tlingit lecturer last week that indicated the name meant "place where the canoes rest." I suppose I could be confusing this with something else but I'm pretty sure I remembered it right. If it's worth anything, this site corroborates my memory. -Etoile 18:56, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

In Frederica de Laguna's work on the Tlingit of Yakutat she lists a number of different derivations for the name. It is likely that the name was originally Eyak, then adopted by the Tlingit. As time passed a Tlingit meaning was attributed to the name, but different families or groups had different derivations. De Laguna discussed the name with her informants and none came to a decisive conclusion. Another theory is that the name definitely contains yaakw "canoe", and is followed by the root of the verb yadaa "flow, ebb (as in tide)". It's hard to say, really. If you can find the Yakutat IRA corporation or non-profit group they may have an "official" explanation for the name, or can get one from local elders. — Jéioosh 06:09, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The speaker I heard on board the Oosterdam last week was Fred White, if I remember his name correctly; if he was not the speaker then he was the elder who sat in the audience and was introduced at the end of the lecture. As a representative from the local tourism group I would trust him as an "official" source.  I found an interview with him here (I don't think that's him in the picture!) and he also taught Tlingit language classes.  I am comfortable trusting his statement about "where the canoes rest" but I would be fine with including alternatives in the article text. -Etoile 23:23, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Fred White is definitely a Tlingit speaker, and is a knowledgeable Yakutat elder with a long history in the area. I would feel most happy with the Tlingit words used to derive this meaning, but I will take Fred's word for it. I'll make the change, and I'll ask around for the derivation. — Jéioosh 19:06, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Total Area
Does anybody know the total area of the Borough (land+water)?--Whhalbert 07:56, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

The Russia Fort was built in 1796 and destroyed in 1805. 209.193.0.177 (talk) 06:24, 7 July 2008 (UTC) George Ramos

My daughter's Feb 3rd, 2011 Weekly Reader news pamphlet had a lovely chart showing the largest cities by population and by size. I was shocked to see they listed Yakutat, Sitka, Juneau, and Anchorage as the 4 largest cites by land area. I realize this is straight out of a US Census Bureau data table, and no actual thought went into this claim. I just hope that people realize that Alaska does not have counties. Instead Alaska has boroughs. There is also a wiki on the North Slope Borough claiming it to be the largest 'county-level political subdivision'.

Here is one of the questions from the weekly reader: What can you conclude from the chart? A) Alaska has many large cities. B) Few people live in Chicago, Illinois. C) People enjoy living in Juneau, Alaska. --Broecher (talk) 02:32, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

Bogosity check
This has been bothering me for quite some time. Someone needs to go over this article again. To wit:

 * The 2010 Census population is 662, as confirmed at both the Census site and the Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development's Community Information Summaries site. I don't know where 4,035 came from, but it's obvious that the 2010 Census information hasn't fully made its way onto a lot of these pages yet.
 * Yakutat is a "city and borough" in name only. Specifically, the City of Yakutat was dissolved and a borough was incorporated in its place, inexplicably called the City and Borough of Yakutat even though it's actually just a borough.  CIS refers to it as such:
 * "Incorporation Type: Home Rule Borough"
 * "The City of Yakutat was formed in 1948, but in 1992 the city was dissolved and a borough was organized for the region."
 * See also the borough's charter, which refers to it as a borough called "City and Borough of Yakutat." Unless you'd rather just take what some disconnected entity says at face value and call it a "reliable source," or even just make stuff up on your own.
 * Speaking of which, the article states: The city and borough has a total area of 9,459 square miles (24,500 km2). 7,650 square miles (19,800 km2) of it is land and 1,809 square miles (4,690 km2) of it (19.12%) is water. The borough's certificate of incorporation (as found here) states that the borough consists of 2,878 square miles of land and 8,492 square miles of "submerged lands and tidelands."  Please tell me where this respective math adds up by any stretch of the imagination.  Furthermore, there is the caveat that "only 321 square miles of the 8,492 square miles of tidelands and submerged lands" fall within "the jurisdictional limits of the State of Alaska."

By this point, I am rather sick and tired of having to point out in article after article that copying and pasting PD material without verifying its authenticity by checking it against other sources is just so bogus.RadioKAOS (talk) 22:22, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

Change title back to Yakutat, Alaska
Other Alaskan city-boroughs all have shorter Wikipedia titles. See Anchorage, Alaska; Juneau, Alaska; Sitka, Alaska; Skagway, Alaska; Wrangell, Alaska. For consistency, perhaps this article should be titled Yakutat, Alaska. Or does common local usage actually employ the longer name? --Joseph Hewes (talk) 19:22, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

Requested Move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move. Cúchullain t/ c 21:06, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Yakutat City and Borough, Alaska ? Yakutat, Alaska – Per Joseph Hewes. Don't think this requires any further explanation; all the other Alaskan city-boroughs are titled this way on Wikipedia. I live in Alaska and everyone just calls it "Yakutat", never "Yakutat City and Borough", so it's not different from Juneau or Sitka in that regard. relisted --Mike Cline (talk) 10:50, 29 June 2012 (UTC) -Kudzu1 (talk) 08:35, 19 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, this is where Wikipedia enters the realm of "'original research' or 'making shit up?' You decide."  Or, to be kind, acting on something while indications are that not all relevant sources have been consulted.  Let me reiterate the most important point, emphasis intentional: YAKUTAT'S CHOICE OF NAME IS PERHAPS UNFORTUNATE, AS THE ENTITY IS A BOROUGH, NOT A CITY-BOROUGH .  The article was tagged with  for a good reason.  You really should take the time to peruse the State of Alaska website and gather the information found there before continuing to perpetuate the falsehood that Yakutat is a city-borough.  Yakutat's municipal charter (hosted online by the Alaska Local Boundary Commission) refers to it as a borough.  Its entry in the Alaska Community Information Database also refers to it as a borough.  I would have believed that this was the fault of individuals only consulting the Census Bureau.  However, I've been going through FactFinder as time allows, and it returned references to the City and Borough of Yakutat, and a separate Yakutat CDP. Providing further confusion, the 2010 Census reports that the Yakutat CDP contains 100 percent of the borough's population.  That means that the settlements in the Cape Yakataga/Icy Bay area are presently unpopulated (or at least have been reported as such by the Census).
 * Anchorage, Juneau and Sitka went through unification (or a combining of the governments of a borough and a city or cities), and are classified as unified home rule municipalities. On the other hand, Haines, Skagway, Wrangell and Yakutat all went through consolidation, which is a legally distinct but related process.  All four of these communities saw the dissolution of their city governments and effective replacement with a borough government.  Wrangell is classified as a unified home rule borough, itself a misnomer since with only one government before, there was nothing to unify.  Haines and Yakutat are classified as home rule boroughs, with Skagway a first class borough (under general law, meaning that stricter adherence to state statutes applies than a borough with a home rule charter).  Haines had an existing borough.  The Haines Borough was for decades the only third class borough (meaning that they were very limited in function), and through consolidation was reclassified.  The preexistence of a seperate city and borough in the case of Haines made it easy, basically requiring changing a few words in Haines, Alaska to reflect the change from city to CDP.  However, Skagway and Yakutat also consist of a borough and a CDP coterminous with the former city.
 * It's hard to say whether separate articles are necessary in the cases of Skagway and Yakutat. The distinction between borough and CDP does need to be made, as right now the articles are misleading if not downright false.  The aforementioned Cape Yakataga/Icy Bay is a separate community within the borough from Yakutat, even if it is or may be unpopulated at present.  Similarly, Skagway has Dyea.RadioKAOS (talk) 22:49, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Relisting comment - Please provide Support or Oppose positions supported by policy/guideline rationale. Thanks --Mike Cline (talk) 10:50, 29 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Support The WP:AT nutshell test—is the proposed name is recognizable? Yes. Unambiguous? Yes (if the city and borough are coterminous). Consistent with usage in reliable English-language sources? Looks like it. --BDD (talk) 20:05, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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Area
Why is the area of this 100 sq miles. There's no way that Yakutat is 100 sq miles. Yakutat is longer than 100 miles. Julianstout (talk) 06:46, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yakutat, Alaska


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Talk:Petersburg Borough, Alaska

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Statistics Are Still Wrangell-Petersburg
The title of the article has been changed to reflect the separation of Wrangell Borough from the former census area, but all the statistics are still Wrangell-Petersburg. From maps that I have seen of the new borough the borders seem to be very close to those of Census Tract 3, by the Census Bureau's definitions. If this were to be the actual case then the new Petersburg Census Area would have lost over 43 percent of its former territory. Backspace (talk) 09:41, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Organization of Petersburg
According to a phone conversation with the Petersburg City Hall on 8 January 2013, because of a vote on 3 January, the Borough of Petersburg was officially established at 2 pm local time that day, so the area is no longer a Census Area.

Fritz Keppler, Arlington VA — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.154.237.4 (talk) 19:08, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the update! I found a map of the new borough, but we may have to wait to see what the Census Bureau decides to do with the rest of the census area. --Lasunncty (talk) 09:41, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

You're welcome! This State of Alaska website indicates that Juneau Borough is expanding, but the potential line between Petersburg and Juneau seems to be ill-defined and possibly in contention, so only time, the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau will tell.

http://www.dced.state.ak.us/dca/lbc/2012_City_and_Borough_of_Juneau_Annexation/

The city website is also in the process of adjusting to the borough government establishment, too.

http://www.ci.petersburg.ak.us/

FLK, Arlington VA

title: Talk:Petersburg Borough, Alaska


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Talk:Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska

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Poverty; at risk
The article says, "The census area's per-capita income makes it one of the poorest places in the United States." But what is the per-capita income?

Joel Achenbach writes in the Washington Post (http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/fires-tornadoes-asteroids-how-we-prepare-for-looming-disaster/2013/07/10/29169e90-e59a-11e2-aef3-339619eab080_story_1.html) "[T]he Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute at the University of South Carolina . . . has published a map showing the social vulnerability to disaster of every county in the United States. It’s a resilience map that takes into account such things as poverty, age and the percentage of people with special needs. The five most vulnerable counties are, in order, the Bronx; Wade-Hampton in Alaska; Manhattan; Buffalo, S.D.; Daniels, Mont."

Note that Wade-Hampton is right up there, with two much more famous boroughs. This claim is notable enough to be in Wikipedia. Some one should research it.

108.48.209.62 (talk) 01:47, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

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New Jersey Route 70

Route 70 is a state highway located in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It extends 59.84 mi from an interchange with Route 38 in Pennsauken Township, Camden County, east to an intersection with Route 34 and Route 35 in Wall Township, Monmouth County. Route 70 cuts across the middle of the state as a two-lane highway through the Pine Barrens in Burlington and Ocean counties. A popular truck route, it provides access between Philadelphia and the surrounding Delaware Valley metropolitan area and the Jersey Shore resorts, particularly Long Beach Island by way of Route 72. It is also a congested commercial route within Philadelphia's New Jersey suburbs. The western section in Cherry Hill and Marlton is a four- to eight-lane divided highway that serves as a major suburban arterial and is locally known as Marlton Pike. The eastern section in Monmouth and Ocean counties is also a multilane divided highway that runs through suburban areas. Route 70 is officially known as the John Davison Rockefeller Memorial Highway its entire length in honor of John Davison Rockefeller.

The portion of the current route between Whitesbog and Lakehurst became a part of pre-1927 Route 18 in 1923. In 1927, Route 40 was legislated to run from Camden to Lakewood; the termini were eventually moved to the Airport Circle in Pennsauken and the Laurelton Circle in Brick Township. Route 40 became Route 70 in 1953 in order to avoid conflicting with U.S. Route 40 (US 40); in addition, the western terminus was cut back to its current location to avoid a concurrency with Route 38 and the eastern terminus was moved to the Brielle Circle, replacing a portion of Route 34 between the Laurelton Circle and the Brielle Circle.

Camden and Burlington counties
Route 70 begins at an interchange with Route 38 and County Route 601 (CR 601) in Pennsauken Township, Camden County. From this interchange, it heads to the southeast on Marlton Pike, a six-lane divided highway that runs through suburban residential and commercial areas. The road is also officially called the John Davison Rockefeller Memorial Highway for its entire length after John Davison Rockefeller. The road enters Cherry Hill and comes to a cloverleaf interchange with CR 636 before crossing under NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line, a short distance to the south of the Cherry Hill station. In this area, Route 70 passes to the south of a retail and residential development at the former site of the Garden State Park Racetrack before crossing CR 644. Past this intersection, the route narrows to four lanes and turns more to the east as it comes to the Ellisburg area. In Ellisburg, it has an intersection with Route 41 and the northern terminus of Route 154. The road runs through more suburban areas as it encounters Interstate 295 (I-295) at a cloverleaf interchange. A short distance past I-295, Route 70 passes over the New Jersey Turnpike without an interchange before widening into an eight-lane highway and continuing east to junctions with CR 674 and CR 673. Following CR 673, the road narrows back to four lanes before it encounters CR 600, a former alignment of the road known as Old Marlton Pike.

Route 70 crosses the Pennsauken Creek into Evesham Township, Burlington County, running east through more commercial areas within the Marlton section of the township. A short distance later, the route intersects Route 73 at a partial cloverleaf interchange that was formerly the Marlton Circle. After this interchange, the road heads east passing through some more commercial areas and then into residential neighborhoods that are separated from the road by trees, narrowing into a two-lane undivided road. It continues into a mix of suburban development and rural woods and farms as it crosses into Medford Township, coming to a crossroads with CR 618. From this intersection, Route 70 continues east through the Medford area, passing a couple of shopping centers before crossing CR 541. After the CR 541 intersection, the route leaves the suburban development and runs through a mix of woodland and farmland with occasional homes. It enters Southampton Township, where the road enters more wooded surroundings before coming to US 206 at the Red Lion Circle.

Past here, Route 70 loses the Marlton Pike name and continues east into the heavily wooded Pine Barrens. It passes to the south of the Leisuretowne retirement village before entering predominantly rural areas, with two fire lanes paralleling the road on either side. Route 70 eventually turns slightly to the northeast and forms the border between Southampton Township to the north and Woodland Township to the south. Along this borderline, the route comes to the Four Mile Circle, where it intersects the western terminus of Route 72 as well as CR 644 and CR 646. Past the traffic circle, Route 70 becomes the border between Pemberton Township to the north and Woodland Township to the south. The road passes to the south of the wooded Presidential Lakes Estates residential development before turning northeast through more of the Pine Barrens entirely within Pemberton Township. The road passes near some cranberry bogs before intersecting CR 530. At this intersection, CR 530 heads east concurrent with Route 70.

Ocean and Monmouth counties
A short distance later, the two routes enter Manchester Township in Ocean County and continue east through a tract of the Brendan T. Byrne State Forest within the Pine Barrens as well as a corner of the Fort Dix Military Reservation. The road eventually reaches the community of Whiting, where it passes commercial development at the intersection with CR 539. Here, CR 530 turns south to follow CR 539 and Route 70 continues northeast back into the Pine Barrens. The road turns more to the north-northeast before heading east into Lakehurst to the south of the Lakehurst Maxfield Field naval station. In Lakehurst, Route 70 comes to the Eisenhower Traffic Circle with CR 4 and CR 12 before running through residential and commercial areas of the town. It intersects with the southern terminus of CR 547, where it widens into a four-lane divided highway. From here, the route crosses over the Southern Secondary railroad line operated by the Delaware and Raritan River Railroad before coming to the Lakehurst Circle, where it intersects the western terminus of Route 37.

Route 70 enters Manchester Township again past this traffic circle and becomes a two-lane undivided road, passing near the wooded residential Leisure Knoll community before crossing CR 571. Past CR 571, the route heads through wooded suburban residential and business areas, crossing into Toms River. Here, the road intersects CR 527 and CR 637 before becoming a four-lane divided highway again and encountering US 9 at a modified cloverleaf interchange. Following the US 9 interchange, Route 70 enters Lakewood Township and turns more to the east, crossing CR 623 prior to a modified cloverleaf interchange with the Garden State Parkway. From here, the route continues into Brick Township and passes several shopping centers, intersecting CR 528 and CR 549. At the CR 528 intersection, the road is briefly an undivided highway. It turns northeast, crossing the Metedeconk River before intersecting Route 88. After this intersection, Route 70 passes more inhabited areas separated from the road by trees, crossing both CR 632 and CR 549 Spur. A short distance later, it becomes an undivided road and crosses the Manasquan River on the September 11th Memorial Bridge, entering Brielle, Monmouth County. The September 11th Memorial Bridge is dedicated to residents of Monmouth and Ocean counties who lost their lives in the September 11 attacks. After the bridge, the route turns north through residential areas and becomes a divided highway again, briefly forming the border between Wall Township to the west and Brielle to the east before fully entering Wall Township. Route 70 ends at the former Brielle Circle intersection with Route 34 and Route 35, where the road continues north as part of Route 35.

History
The Camden, Ellisburg, and Marlton Turnpike was chartered in 1849 as a turnpike that was to run from Camden east to Marlton along what is today Route 70 and CR 601. The Marlton Pike was taken over by Camden County in 1907 at a time many other turnpikes became public roads. The current alignment of Route 70 between Whitesbog (the west end of the CR 530 concurrency) and Lakehurst was legislated as a part of pre-1927 Route 18 in 1923, a route that was to run from Camden to Toms River. In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 40 was designated to run from Camden to Lakewood along the current alignment of Route 70. In addition a spur of this route called Route S40 (now Route 72) was designated to head from the route at Four Mile to Manahawkin. Eventually, the eastern terminus of Route 40 was moved to the Laurelton Circle in Brick Township, where it intersected Route 35 (now Route 88) as well as Route 34, which continued north from this point. The western terminus was placed at the Airport Circle with US 30 and US 130 in Pennsauken, ending concurrent with Route 38. In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 40 was renumbered to Route 70, to avoid conflicting with US 40 in the state. Also, Route 70 was designated onto its current alignment between Route 38 in Pennsauken and Route 34 and Route 35 at the Brielle Circle, removing the concurrency with Route 38 and replacing the portion of Route 34 between the Laurelton Circle and the Brielle Circle.

Since 1953, many changes have occurred to Route 70. Several traffic circles that had existed on the road had been either modified or replaced by at-grade intersections. The Marlton Circle at Route 73 in Marlton was modified in 1974 to allow Route 73 to run straight through the circle. This circle became known for traffic backups and was later replaced with an interchange. Construction on this interchange, which cost $31 million, began in April 2009. In May 2010, the circle was eliminated with a temporary at-grade intersection constructed while the Route 73 bridge over Route 70 was being built. The interchange was completed in June 2011. Also, the Race Track Circle at the intersection with CR 644 (Haddonfield Road) was eventually replaced by an at-grade intersection. The Laurelton Circle at Route 88, built in 1937, was replaced by the 1990s. The Ellisburg Circle at Route 41 and Route 154, was replaced by an intersection with jughandles. The Brielle Circle at the eastern terminus was also converted to an intersection with jughandles in 2001. In conjunction with eliminating the Brielle Circle, Route 70 was also widened between the intersection with Jack Martin Boulevard in Brick Township and the former circle. In July 2004, floods caused by heavy rain washed away a bridge along the route in Southampton Township, leading for it to be replaced. The New Jersey Department of Transportation replaced the September 11th Memorial Bridge over the Manasquan River in a $52 million project that increased capacity on the bridge, added monumental decorations, and increased pedestrian access. Construction was completed in September 2008, two years ahead of schedule.

title: New Jersey Route 70