text:
Shingle Springs, California

Shingle Springs (formerly, Shingle Spring and Shingle) is a census-designated place (CDP) in El Dorado County, California, United States. The population was 4,432 at the 2010 census, up from 2,643 at the 2000 census. It is located about 40 mi from Sacramento in the Gold Country foothills and sits directly on Highway 50. The towns of Coloma and Placerville are less than 15 mi away.

Shingle Springs is part of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, a federally recognized tribe of Maidu and Miwok people, are headquartered in Shingle Springs.

History
Like many of the other towns in California's Mother Lode, Shingle Springs grew out of a camp set up by gold miners during the California Gold Rush - in this case, a group of "49ers" who'd followed the Carson-Emigrant Trail through Pleasant Valley, Nevada. The community took its name from a horse-drawn shingle machine capable of producing 16,000 shingles a day that was located near the springs at the western edge of the camp.

A rich store of written records preserved by Shingle Springs pioneers has left a detailed picture of the Gold Rush. For example, the Boston-Newton Joint Stock Association, which left Boston on April 16, 1849, camped there the night before their arrival at Sutter's Fort on September 27, after a remarkable journey across the continent. The "Shingle Spring" post office also operated from 1853 to 1855. The "Shingle Springs" post office opened in 1865. The office's name was changed to "Shingle" in 1895, and reverted in 1955. As a result, the town is now designated California Historical Landmark #456.

Of particular interest is the fact that, before the area was settled by Anglo-Americans, a Maidu village called Bamom was located in the vicinity of modern-day Shingle Springs.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.2 sqmi, of which, over 99% is land.

For the 2000 census, the CDP had a total area of 5.2 sqmi, of which, 5.2 sqmi of it was land and 0.19% was water.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Shingle Springs had a population of 4,432. The population density was 538.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Shingle Springs was 3,919 (88.4%) White, 14 (0.3%) African American, 108 (2.4%) Native American, 50 (1.1%) Asian, 3 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 132 (3.0%) from other races, and 206 (4.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 469 persons (10.6%).

The Census reported that 4,344 people (98.0% of the population) lived in households, 88 (2.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,627 households, out of which 527 (32.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,015 (62.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 163 (10.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 73 (4.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 76 (4.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 12 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 291 households (17.9%) were made up of individuals, and 104 (6.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67. There were 1,251 families (76.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.01.

The population was spread out, with 1,031 people (23.3%) under the age of 18, 334 people (7.5%) aged 18 to 24, 874 people (19.7%) aged 25 to 44, 1,568 people (35.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 625 people (14.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

There were 1,718 housing units at an average density of 208.6 /sqmi, of which 1,627 were occupied, of which 1,248 (76.7%) were owner-occupied, and 379 (23.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 3,343 people (75.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,001 people (22.6%) lived in rental housing units.

Politics
In the state legislature, Shingle Springs is in, and.

Federally, Shingle Springs is in.

Local Schools

 * Buckeye Elementary School
 * California Montessori Project
 * Pleasant Grove Middle School
 * Ponderosa High School
 * Latrobe Elementary School
 * Miller's Hill Middle School
 * Rescue Elementary School

Climate
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Csa" (Mediterranean Climate).

title: Shingle Springs, California


text:
Auberry, California

Auberry is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 2,369 at the 2010 census, up from 2,053 at the 2000 census. Auberry is located on Little Sandy Creek 9.5 mi west of Shaver Lake Heights, at an elevation of 2018 feet.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 19.2 sqmi, of which 19.1 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (0.32%) is water.

Climate
Auberry has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) with cool, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Its average annual precipitation is 26.3 in. Its hardiness zone is 8a.

History
The Auberry post office was established in 1884, and following moves in 1887 and 1888, it was located at its present site in 1906. The place is named for Al Yarborough and is spelled phonetically as his name was pronounced.

The Auberry Band of the Mono people was called unaħpaahtyħ, (that which is on the other side [of the San Joaquin River]) in the Mono language.

Auberry was also a stop on the San Joaquin and Eastern Railroad, which was built to facilitate the construction of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project.

2010
At the 2010 census Auberry had a population of 2,369. The population density was 123.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Auberry was 2,048 (86.4%) White, 10 (0.4%) African American, 105 (4.4%) Native American, 24 (1.0%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 68 (2.9%) from other races, and 112 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 309 people (13.0%).

The census reported that 2,235 people (94.3% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 134 (5.7%) were institutionalized.

There were 849 households, 284 (33.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 488 (57.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 93 (11.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 40 (4.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 50 (5.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 188 households (22.1%) were one person and 83 (9.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.63. There were 621 families (73.1% of households); the average family size was 3.04.

The age distribution was 531 people (22.4%) under the age of 18, 187 people (7.9%) aged 18 to 24, 425 people (17.9%) aged 25 to 44, 746 people (31.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 480 people (20.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 46.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

There were 949 housing units at an average density of 49.4 /sqmi,of which 849 were occupied, 646 (76.1%) by the owners and 203 (23.9%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 1,649 people (69.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 586 people (24.7%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,053 people, 722 households, and 539 families in the CDP. The population density was 107.2 PD/sqmi. There were 791 housing units at an average density of 41.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.65% White, 0.44% Black or African American, 5.16% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 2.05% from other races, and 4.87% from two or more races. 8.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 722 households 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were non-families. 21.3% of households were one person and 10.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.12.

The age distribution was 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median household income was $34,621 and the median family income was $42,083. Males had a median income of $36,172 versus $27,097 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,106. About 9.4% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Auberry, California


text:
Biola, California

Biola is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,623 at the 2010 census, up from 1,037 in 2000. Biola is located 6 mi north-northeast of Kerman, at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all land.

History
Biola was founded by William Kerchoff in 1912. The name was an acronym of the "Bible Institute of Los Angeles". A post office operated in Biola from 1912 to 1918, and from 1920 to the present.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Biola had a population of 1,623. The population density was 2,508.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Biola was 510 (31.4%) White, 6 (0.4%) African American, 43 (2.6%) Native American, 316 (19.5%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 692 (42.6%) from other races, and 54 (3.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,196 persons (73.7%).

The Census reported that 1,623 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 342 households, out of which 234 (68.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 212 (62.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 81 (23.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 25 (7.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 25 (7.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 21 households (6.1%) were made up of individuals, and 10 (2.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.75. There were 318 families (93.0% of all households); the average family size was 4.84.

The population was spread out, with 621 people (38.3%) under the age of 18, 225 people (13.9%) aged 18 to 24, 409 people (25.2%) aged 25 to 44, 263 people (16.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 105 people (6.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

There were 351 housing units at an average density of 542.5 /sqmi, of which 342 were occupied, of which 216 (63.2%) were owner-occupied, and 126 (36.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.1%. 1,002 people (61.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 621 people (38.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,037 people, 224 households, and 202 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,612.5 PD/sqmi. There were 241 housing units at an average density of 374.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 13.50% Caucasian, 0.10% Black or African American, 2.51% Native American, 5.59% Asian, 0.48% Pacific Islander, 74.64% from other races, and 3.18% from two or more races. 82.45% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 224 households, out of which 55.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9.4% were non-families. 8.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.63 and the average family size was 4.78.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.5% under the age of 18, 12.7% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 13.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,667, and the median income for a family was $30,234. Males had a median income of $21,042 versus $14,464 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,375. About 24.9% of families and 25.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.5% of those under age 18 and 20.4% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
Climate type occurs primarily on the periphery of the true deserts in low-latitude semiarid steppe regions. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "BSk" (Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate).

title: Biola, California


text:
Bowles, California

Bowles is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 166 at the 2010 census, down from 182 at the 2000 census. Bowles is located 11 mi south of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 279 feet (85 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.4 sqmi, all of it land.

History
A post office operated at Bowles from 1904 to 1943. The name honors a local pioneer family. Bowles was a station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Valley Division.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Bowles had a population of 166. The population density was 436.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Bowles was 108 (65.1%) White, 6 (3.6%) African American, 1 (0.6%) Native American, 1 (0.6%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 43 (25.9%) from other races, and 7 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71 persons (42.8%).

The Census reported that 112 people (67.5% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 54 (32.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 34 households, out of which 14 (41.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21 (61.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4 (11.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1 (2.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3 (8.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 6 households (17.6%) were made up of individuals, and 2 (5.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.29. There were 26 families (76.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.27.

The population was spread out, with 26 people (15.7%) under the age of 18, 7 people (4.2%) aged 18 to 24, 25 people (15.1%) aged 25 to 44, 46 people (27.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 62 people (37.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 59.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

There were 37 housing units at an average density of 97.2 /sqmi, of which 34 were occupied, of which 22 (64.7%) were owner-occupied, and 12 (35.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 14.3%. 63 people (38.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 49 people (29.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 182 people, 35 households, and 29 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 473.3 PD/sqmi. There were 35 housing units at an average density of 91.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 64.29% White, 0.55% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 3.85% Asian, 28.02% from other races, and 2.75% from two or more races. 42.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 35 households, out of which 42.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.3% were non-families. 11.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.66 and the average family size was 4.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 33.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $58,750, and the median income for a family was $86,635. Males had a median income of $0 versus $42,813 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,735. About 21.7% of families and 34.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 60.0% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

title: Bowles, California


text:
Calwa, California

Calwa (formerly, Calwa City) is an unincorporated census-designated place in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 2,052 at the 2010 census, up from 762 in 2000. Calwa is located 4 mi south-southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 292 feet (89 m). The name was taken from the acronym for "California Wine Association" (CalWA).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all land. Calwa is an almost complete county island surrounded by the city of Fresno on all sides except the southeast corner.

History
In 1885, the land of what is now Calwa, was improved and cultivated by Hugh William La Rue to plant an orchard and vineyard. His first crop was ruined by a grasshopper pest in 1886 and he sought to plant elsewhere. Calwa became a railroad town when Santa Fe Railways invested one million dollars to build a switching yard and houses for railway employees. Southern Pacific Railroad also passed through Calwa. The Calwa City post office opened in 1913, and changed its name to Calwa in 1949.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Calwa had a population of 2,052. The population density was 3,286.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Calwa was 995 (48.5%) White, 24 (1.2%) African American, 67 (3.3%) Native American, 43 (2.1%) Asian, 9 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 846 (41.2%) from other races, and 68 (3.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,848 persons (90.1%).

The Census reported that 2,052 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 480 households, out of which 298 (62.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 221 (46.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 108 (22.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 83 (17.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 74 (15.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (0.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 41 households (8.5%) were made up of individuals, and 8 (1.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.28. There were 412 families (85.8% of all households); the average family size was 4.33.

The population was spread out, with 735 people (35.8%) under the age of 18, 268 people (13.1%) aged 18 to 24, 567 people (27.6%) aged 25 to 44, 359 people (17.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 123 people (6.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.6 males.

There were 531 housing units at an average density of 850.4 /sqmi, of which 480 were occupied, of which 196 (40.8%) were owner-occupied, and 284 (59.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.8%. 817 people (39.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,235 people (60.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 762 people, 208 households, and 177 families residing in Calwa. The population density was 2,845.1 PD/sqmi. There were 227 housing units at an average density of 847.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the community was 25.46% White, 0.92% Black or African American, 2.62% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 65.88% from other races, and 4.59% from two or more races. 94.62% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 208 households, out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 22.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.9% were non-families. 9.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.66 and the average family size was 3.90.

The population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $28,983, and the median income for a family was $28,285. Males had a median income of $32,167 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the community was $8,292. About 27.9% of families and 28.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.9% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Calwa is served by Fresno Area Express buses.

title: Calwa, California


text:
Cantua Creek, California

Cantua Creek (formerly, Cantua and Cantuna ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 466, down from the 655 reported at the 2000 census. Cantua Creek is located 11 mi south-southwest of Tranquillity, at an elevation of 295 feet (90 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.8 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cantua Creek has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

History
The community of Cantua Creek is located near Cantua Creek, a tributary of the Fresno Slough that flows down from the Coast Range to the west toward the Fresno Slough. That creek originally, Arroyo de Cantua, was a stopping place on the El Camino Viejo. The hideout of Joaquin Murrieta was located in the vicinity of this creek in the mountains to the west of this community.

The Cantua post office operated in 1888, and from 1890 to 1892. The Cantua Creek post office opened in 1941.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Cantua Creek had a population of 466. The population density was 122.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Cantua Creek was 244 (52.4%) White, 5 (1.1%) African American, 3 (0.6%) Native American, 1 (0.2%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 199 (42.7%) from other races, and 14 (3.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 461 persons (98.9%).

The Census reported that 461 people (98.9% of the population) lived in households, 5 (1.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 113 households, out of which 66 (58.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 77 (68.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 15 (13.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 12 (10.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 6 households (5.3%) were made up of individuals, and 1 (0.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.08. There were 104 families (92.0% of all households); the average family size was 4.24.

The population was spread out, with 144 people (30.9%) under the age of 18, 56 people (12.0%) aged 18 to 24, 137 people (29.4%) aged 25 to 44, 92 people (19.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 37 people (7.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 130.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 133.3 males.

There were 128 housing units at an average density of 33.7 /sqmi, of which 113 were occupied, of which 48 (42.5%) were owner-occupied, and 65 (57.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.5%. 198 people (42.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 263 people (56.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 655 people, 141 households, and 131 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 172.7 PD/sqmi. There were 154 housing units at an average density of 40.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 42.60% White, 0.15% Black or African American, 0.61% Native American, 52.06% from other races, and 4.58% from two or more races. 93.74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 141 households, out of which 66.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.1% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 6.4% were non-families. 2.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.51 and the average family size was 4.52.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.5% under the age of 18, 14.5% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 3.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 134.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 132.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,484, and the median income for a family was $26,484. Males had a median income of $0 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,693. About 26.7% of families and 38.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.2% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Cantua Creek, California


text:
Caruthers, California

Caruthers is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 2,497 at the 2010 census, up from 2,103 at the 2000 census. Caruthers is located 15 mi south of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 246 feet (75 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.0 sqmi, all of it land.

History
The first post office in Caruthers opened in 1891. The name of the town honors W.A. Caruthers, a local farmer. Fresno County Public Library opened a branch in Caruthers in 1911, in the town's hotel. After moving to multiple locations, it occupied its current home in 2003, which is designed to emulate the look of a tank house and barn.

2010
At the 2010 census Caruthers had a population of 2,497. The population density was 1,234.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Caruthers was 1,224 (49.0%) White, 14 (0.6%) African American, 38 (1.5%) Native American, 221 (8.9%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 904 (36.2%) from other races, and 96 (3.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,591 persons (63.7%).

The census reported that 2,486 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 11 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 639 households, 345 (54.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 409 (64.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 106 (16.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 39 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 35 (5.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 72 households (11.3%) were one person and 36 (5.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.89. There were 554 families (86.7% of households); the average family size was 4.16.

The age distribution was 793 people (31.8%) under the age of 18, 302 people (12.1%) aged 18 to 24, 631 people (25.3%) aged 25 to 44, 528 people (21.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 243 people (9.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 29.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.

There were 680 housing units at an average density of 336.2 /sqmi,of which 639 were occupied, 426 (66.7%) by the owners and 213 (33.3%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.2%. 1,617 people (64.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 869 people (34.8%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,103 people, 572 households, and 481 families in the CDP. The population density was 1,052.4 PD/sqmi. There were 602 housing units at an average density of 301.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 52.40% White, 0.57% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 6.18% Asian, 30.91% from other races, and 9.65% from two or more races. 53.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 572 households 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 14.7% of households were one person and 9.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.66 and the average family size was 4.01.

The age distribution was 36.0% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.

The median household income was $40,109 and the median family income was $45,221. Males had a median income of $32,535 versus $25,114 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,642. About 11.6% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.6% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over.

Caruthers fair
Well-known events in the area include the Caruthers District Fair. It was started in 1923, after some hesitation by community members as work and expenses increased. One of the first programs at the fair involved a football game between Caruthers and Fresno State. Caruthers lost 41–0. In early years, the fair hosted races on sheep. Every year a fair queen is chosen, who is selected based on ticket sales. A group of girls sell them during the summer to support the fair.

title: Caruthers, California


text:
Clovis, California

Clovis is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. It was established in 1890 as a freight stop for the San Joaquin Valley Railroad by a group of Fresno businessmen and Michigan railroad speculator Marcus Pollasky. The railroad bought the land from two farmers and named the station after one of them, Clovis Cole. Pollasky then developed a town on the site, also named Clovis.

The completion of the lumber flume in 1894 led to the growth of the area around Clovis Station where a lumberyard and sawmill were built. Clovis was officially incorporated as a city in 1912. Today, Clovis celebrates its heritage as an American frontier town, known for its rodeo, Old Town Clovis historic district, and its motto "Clovis – A Way of Life."

The 2020 population was 120,124. Clovis is located 6.5 mi northeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 361 feet (110 m).

History

The city of Clovis began as a freight stop along the San Joaquin Valley Railroad. Organized on January 15, 1890, by Fresno businessmen Thomas E. Hughes, Fulton Berry, Gilbert R. Osmun, H.D. Colson, John D. Gray, and William M. Williams, in partnership with Michigan railroad speculator Marcus Pollasky, the SJVRR began construction in Fresno on July 4, 1891, and reached the farmlands of Clovis M. Cole and George Owen by October of that year. The railroad purchased right-of-way from both farmers, half from each – the east side from Cole and the west side from Owen – and ran tracks up the borderline between the two properties. The railroad agreed to establish a station on the west side of the tracks and to call it "Clovis." The Clovis station, which was named after Clovis Cole, was positioned on the Owen side of the track.

Cole and Owen later sold land to Marcus Pollasky for the development of a townsite. Fresno civil engineer Ingvart Tielman mapped the townsite on behalf of Pollasky on December 29, 1891. The original townsite featured streets named for the officers and principal investors of the railroad: (Benjamin) Woodworth, (Marcus) Pollasky, Fulton (Berry), (Thomas) Hughes, (Gerald) Osmun, and (O. D.) Baron. The townsite, named "Clovis" after Clovis Station by Pollasky, was laid out on what was originally Owen's land.

The railroad was completed as far as the town of Hamptonville (now Friant) on the banks of the San Joaquin River, just 26 mi from its point of origin in Fresno. Articles of Incorporation for the San Joaquin Valley Railroad indicate that the corporation intended to build 100 mi of track, including sidings and spurs, through the agricultural acreage east of Fresno, then north to the timber and mineral resources of the Sierra foothills. At the time, Hamptonville was called "Pollasky". A celebration of the completion of track-laying was held at the Pollasky terminus on the Wednesday before Thanksgiving of 1891 with a reported 3,000 Fresnans attending. The railroad began official operation in January 1892.

The first year of operation of the railroad coincided with the beginnings of a deep national economic decline. Farmers were unable to get a profitable return on their crops, banks and railroads failed nationwide. The SJVRR was unable to generate sufficient revenues to pay its debt, was leased to the Southern Pacific Railroad and subsequently bought by SPRR in 1893. By reducing the railroad's schedule of operation and trimming costs, the Southern Pacific was able to turn a small profit in the first years after its acquisition.

At the same time that the railroad was being planned, a group of Michigan lumbermen began acquiring thousands of acres of timber in the Sierra Nevada about 75 mi northeast of Fresno and founded the Fresno Flume and Irrigation Company in 1891. A dam was built across Stevenson Creek to create a lake that would enable them to move freshly cut timber to a mill beside the lake. They then constructed a 42 mi, 25 ft, V-shaped flume that started at the foot of the dam. As lumber was rough-cut at the mill, it was loaded into the flume and propelled by water to a planing mill east of the Clovis railroad station, where the Clovis Rodeo and Clark Intermediate School sit today. The lumber mill and yard had its own network of rails to move lumber around the yard and to connect with the SJVRR just south of Clovis station.

The completion in 1894 of the lumber flume and commencement of mill operations provided the impetus for further development of the area around the Clovis Station. The town began to take shape as lumber yard employees built homes close to their employment. Service businesses, churches, and schools became necessary, and the town was begun. Clovis's first post office opened in 1895. An 1896 newspaper article describes the town as having a population approaching 500 citizens.

Clovis was incorporated as a city in February 1912. Principal streets in the town center were named for the railroad's officers. Fulton Street was later named Front Street, then Main Street, and is now Clovis Avenue.

The lumber mill burned in 1914 and was not rebuilt. The grounds are now occupied by Clark Intermediate School and the Clovis Rodeo Grounds. Clovis has a long history as a western town known for its slogan, "Clovis – A Way of Life". Since 1914, the Clovis Rodeo has been held on the last weekend in April, with a parade on Saturday morning, followed by the rodeo that afternoon and all day Sunday. Also contributing to the "Clovis way of life" are a number of street festivals, including Big Hat Days, ClovisFest, and the weekly Friday Night Farmer's Market held between mid-May and mid-September every year.

The last surviving structure built by the railroad is a depot now located near the site of the original Clovis Station. The earliest photos, from about 1910, show the depot situated in front of the Tarpey winery south of the intersection of Ashlan and Clovis Avenues. In 1999 it was moved to its present location in the town's center, at the northeast corner of Clovis Avenue and Fourth Street, and was restored by the Clovis Big Dry Creek Historical Society with financing, labor, and materials donated by local businesses and contractors.

Marcus Pollasky was a lawyer, born in Michigan, living in Chicago just before he came to Fresno. Throughout his life he tried to create several projects similar to the SJVRR, including projects in Eureka, California, Virginia, Michigan, and Oklahoma. Few were ever actually built. In 1896, Pollasky sued Collis P. Huntington in Los Angeles courts over the money he lost in Fresno, "while engaged in a joint venture with the defendant, Huntington". It has long been speculated that Pollasky was an agent of the Southern Pacific, and this "joint venture" suit seems to prove that point.

Many buildings in the town core have been renovated. Older storefronts on Clovis Avenue, the main street running through town, have been restored and new buildings have been designed with facades that resemble those found in the early 20th century. The historic center has been reborn as "Old Town Clovis".

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 23.28 square miles (60.29 km2), all of it land.

Clovis is situated midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, bordering Fresno, in the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley. Lying at the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, which includes Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and Sequoia National Parks, Clovis has been known as "Gateway to the Sierras" since its incorporation in 1912.

The formation of alluvial fans in this part of the San Joaquin Valley has led to a rather flat regional geography. The Clovis area has active and potentially active seismic fault zones. The elevation of Clovis is approximately 355 ft above mean sea datum According to the Flood Hazard Boundary Map produced by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, part of Clovis is within the 100-year flood zone, such as some of the area near the Clovis Towne Center. The groundwater flow in Clovis is generally to the southwest.

2010
At the 2010 census Clovis had a population of 95,631. The population density was 4,108.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Clovis was 67,758 (70.9%) White, 2,618 (2.7%) African American, 1,320 (1.4%) Native American, 10,233 (10.7%) Asian, 218 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 8,857 (9.3%) from other races, and 4,627 (4.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24,514 persons (25.6%).

The census reported that 95,243 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 130 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 258 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 33,419 households, 13,718 (41.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 17,975 (53.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4,554 (13.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,889 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,985 (5.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 198 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 7,008 households (21.0%) were one person and 2,721 (8.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.85. There were 24,418 families (73.1% of households); the average family size was 3.32.

The age distribution was 26,851 people (28.1%) under the age of 18, 9,572 people (10.0%) aged 18 to 24, 25,542 people (26.7%) aged 25 to 44, 23,559 people (24.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 10,107 people (10.6%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 34.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

There were 35,306 housing units at an average density of 1,516.7 /sqmi,of which 33,419 were occupied, 20,804 (62.3%) by the owners and 12,615 (37.7%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.4%. 60,767 people (63.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34,476 people (36.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 68,468 people in 24,347 households, including 17,675 families, in the city. The population density was 4,000.2 PD/sqmi. There were 25,250 housing units at an average density of 1,475.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 75.8% White, 1.9% Black or African American, 1.5% Native American, 6.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 9.5% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. 20.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 24,347 households 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 22.3% of households were one person and 8.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.29.

The age distribution was 30.7% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,283, and the median family income was $50,859. Males had a median income of $39,630 versus $28,072 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,690. About 7.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.1% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Top employers
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Cityscape
The Sierra Vista Mall is a 78 acre enclosed regional shopping center anchored by Target, Kohl's, Sierra Vista Cinemas 16, and MB2 Indoor Raceway.

Public transportation within the city is provided by Clovis Transit; some areas also are served by Fresno Area Express, providing connections to Fresno.

Clovis Unified School District

 * Elementary schools:
 * Boris, Bud Rank, Cedarwood, Century, Clovis, Cole, Copper Hills, Cox, Dry Creek, Fancher Creek, Fort Washington, Freedom, Fugman, Garfield, Gettysburg, Jefferson, Liberty, Lincoln, Maple Creek, Mickey Cox, Miramonte, Mountain View, Nelson, Pinedale, Red Bank, Reagan Elementary, Riverview, Sierra Vista, Tarpey, Temperance-Kutner, Valley Oak, Weldon, Harold L. Woods, Red Bank
 * Middle schools:
 * Clark Intermediate, Kastner Intermediate, Alta Sierra Intermediate, Reyburn Intermediate, Granite Ridge Intermediate
 * High schools:
 * Buchanan High School, Clovis East High School, Clovis High School, Clovis West High School, Clovis North High School, Enterprise High School, Excel High School, Gateway High School

Colleges

 * Clovis Community College
 * San Joaquin College of Law
 * California Health Sciences University College of Osteopathic Medicine
 * California Health Sciences University College of Pharmacy

Public libraries
Fresno County Public Library operates the Clovis Regional Library.

Notable people

 * Ryan Beatty, pop singer
 * Connor Brogdon (born 1995), Philadelphia Phillies baseball player
 * Tyler Clutts, former NFL fullback, attended Clovis High, class of 2003
 * Chris Colfer, singer, actor and author, best known for portraying the role of Kurt Hummel on Glee and writing the Land of Stories book series.
 * Terry Cooney, American League umpire, 1974–92
 * Colby Covington, mixed martial artist, former UFC Interim Welterweight Champion
 * Zubin Damania, MD, founder of Turntable Health, a direct primary care clinic in Las Vegas
 * Bryson DeChambeau, 2020 and 2024 U.S. Open golf champion
 * Jason Donald, former MLB infielder
 * Jordan Feliz, Christian pop singer/songwriter
 * Zack Follett, former linebacker for the Detroit Lions; attended Clovis High
 * Matt Giordano, American football safety who is currently a physical education teacher at Buchanan High School
 * Aaron Hill, actor, best known for his work on the ABC Family TV show, Greek
 * Valarie Kaur, documentary filmmaker, civil rights activist, and Sikh interfaith leader
 * Eric Kendricks, linebacker for the Minnesota Vikings
 * Daryle Lamonica, former quarterback for the Buffalo Bills and Oakland Raiders
 * Alysa Liu, figure skater
 * Sam Long (born 1995), San Francisco Giants baseball player
 * Mary Loveless, immunologist
 * Kendall Milton, college football player for the Georgia Bulldogs
 * Garrett Olson, former MLB pitcher; attended Buchanan High
 * Jenna Prandini, track and field athlete and Olympian
 * Aaron Ruell, Kip in Napoleon Dynamite
 * Larissa Schuster, convicted murderer
 * Kate Scott, sportscaster, play-by-play announcer for the Philadelphia 76ers
 * John Taylor, former wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers
 * Jason Von Flue, professional mixed martial artist; UFC and The Ultimate Fighter, season 2 veteran
 * Justin Wilson, professional MLB pitcher for the Cincinnati Reds, attended Buchanan High

title: Clovis, California


text:
Coalinga, California

Coalinga ( or ) is a city in Fresno County and the western San Joaquin Valley, in central California about 80 miles (128 km) southeast of Salinas.

It was formerly known as Coaling Station A, Coalingo, and Coalinga Station.

The population was 13,380 as of the 2010 census, up from 11,668 at the 2000 census. It is the site of both Pleasant Valley State Prison and Coalinga State Hospital.

19th century
Legendary bandit Joaquin Murrieta was killed in 1853 at his headquarters, Arroyo de Cantua, north of Coalinga. California Historical Landmark #344 marks the approximate site of where he was slain, near the junction of present-day State Route 33 and Route 198.

Before 20th-century diesel locomotives, steam locomotives were used, and powered in the San Joaquin Valley by burning coal mined from the northern foothills of Mount Diablo to the north. The Southern Pacific Railroad Company established the site as a coaling station in 1888, and it was called simply Coaling Station A. Local tradition has it that an official of Southern Pacific made the name more sonorous by adding an a to it. However, it is just as likely that the small railside signs of the day, which often abbreviated names, read "COALINGA" to mean "Coaling A." [Another example is Braner's Cut north of Eureka, whose sign said "BRACUT," which has now become the name of that spot along Highway 101.] The resemblance to Nahuatl (where cōātl = "snake") is accidental.

The first post office was established in 1899. The city was incorporated in 1906.

20th century
The town is mostly surrounded by the Coalinga oil field whose principal operator, Chevron, is a major employer in the area.

1983 earthquake

On May 2, 1983, Coalinga was struck by an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.5, which nearly destroyed more than 300 homes and apartment buildings; another 691 buildings suffered major damage, and hundreds more had minor damage. Damage was severe in downtown Coalinga; the eight-block commercial district was almost totally destroyed. The shock was felt as far away as Los Angeles and western Nevada, and was followed by a series of aftershocks that caused additional minor damage and some injuries. Only one death was reported: a man who succumbed to a heart attack.

2022 water shortage
In 2022, the city struggled to confront an acute water shortage. The city’s only water source is an aqueduct that is managed by the federal government. Officials estimated that the water was going to run dry before the end of 2022. Due to statewide floods that winter, though, the prediction was no longer valid.

Geography
Coalinga is located 52 mi southwest of Fresno, at an elevation of 673 ft. The topography is generally level, suitable for a number of field crops which do not require large amounts of water. It is located near the eastern foothills of the Diablo Range.

Geology
Underlying rock formations include the occurrence of Vaqueros sandstone. Surrounding the town in a semicircle from the west, around the north, and to the east are several anticlinal formations containing considerable accumulations of petroleum as the Coalinga Oil Field, from which oil has been withdrawn for more than a hundred years.

The city is located near a particularly active portion of the San Andreas Fault, and earthquakes are frequent.

Climate
Coalinga has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk), with very hot summers and cool winters. Its hardiness zone is 9a. The average annual precipitation is 8.18 in, falling mainly from October to May.

Economy
The city's main industries are agriculture, oil, Cannabis, education and incarceration. The city is home to the Coalinga Oil Field, operated by Chevron and Aera Energy; the Guijarral Hills Oil Field; and Pleasant Valley State Prison.

Coalinga State Hospital opened in September 2005. It was California's first new mental health hospital in more than 50 years, a 1,500-bed facility built specifically to house sexually violent predators.

In 2016 Coalinga was one of the first cities to pass an ordinance allowing for the cultivation, manufacturing and distribution of cannabis. The City sold its old Claremont Custody Center (jail) to Ocean Grown Extracts for $4.1 million, to help the city get out of a financial crisis and to supply jobs to local residents.

Education
Coalinga is the site of West Hills College Coalinga, which is part of the California Community Colleges system.

Its children are served by the Coalinga-Huron Joint Unified School District, of which Coalinga High School is a part.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Coalinga had a population of 13,380. The population density was 2,175.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Coalinga was 7,734 (57.8%) White, 549 (4.1%) African American, 171 (1.3%) Native American, 407 (3.0%) Asian, 36 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 3,937 (29.4%) from other races, and 546 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7,161 persons (53.5%).

The Census reported that 11,752 people (87.8% of the population) lived in households, 130 (1.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,498 (11.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,896 households, out of which 1,809 (46.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,913 (49.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 658 (16.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 311 (8.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 341 (8.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 16 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 797 households (20.5%) were made up of individuals, and 220 (5.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02. There were 2,882 families (74.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.49.

The population was spread out, with 3,763 people (28.1%) under the age of 18, 1,610 people (12.0%) aged 18 to 24, 3,646 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 3,308 people (24.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,053 people (7.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 132.1 males.

There were 4,344 housing units at an average density of 706.4 /sqmi, of which 3,896 were occupied, of which 1,996 (51.2%) were owner-occupied, and 1,900 (48.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.4%. 6,192 people (46.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,560 people (41.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the census of 2000, there were 11,668 people, 3,515 households, and 2,632 families residing in the city. These included 805 people who were living in group homes.

The racial makeup of Coalinga under those circumstances was 57.3 percent white, 2.4 percent African American, 1.5 percent Native American, 1.7 percent Asian, 0.2 percent Pacific Islander, 32.3 percent from other races, and 4.6 percent from two or more races. About half the population was Hispanic or Latino.

The median age in 2000 was 28.6 years, younger than the 33.3 figure for California and the 35.3 figure for the United States as a whole.

The median income for a family was $41,208, about $11,000 less than for other families in California or the country at large.

The Coalinga Chamber of Commerce Web site in 2007 estimated a population of 18,061 for the city.

''Notes: "Family income" is median family income in 1999 dollars. "Med. home value" is the median value of single-family houses. "Poverty families" is the percentage of families with incomes below the poverty level. "High school diploma" is the percentage of people 25 years and over who had graduated from high school.''

Attractions
The Horned Toad Derby is held in Coalinga in late May over the Memorial Day weekend annually. The three-day event is similar to the more famous Jumping Frog Jubilee held in Calaveras County, California, but utilizes locally caught horned toads (lizards) rather than frogs. The tradition began in 1935.

The WHAMOBASS Balloon Rally is hosted by Coalinga annually on the November weekend closest to Montgolfiere Day (November 21) every year. It's the longest consecutively running annual hot air balloon rally in the world. It is sponsored by the Whiskey Hill Atherton Menlo Oaks Ballooning & Sporting Society. Typically, more than 40 balloons ascend at dawn on Saturday and Sunday morning from the athletic field of West Hills College Coalinga. A small number fly on Friday and occasionally on Thursday.

The R.C. Baker Memorial Museum is housed in the former Baker Oil Tools machine shop in town. The museum displays local fossils, models of prehistoric fauna, Native American artifacts, and items from pioneer settlers. A restored 1934 Richfield gas station is also on the museum's property. The museum continues to collect historical items donated to the collection.

The Coalinga Rifle Club, whose 25 point, 1000 yard range facility is west of town, is host to various California State Rifle Championships. These include: California State Long Range, Mid Range, Palma Rifle, Fullbore, Service Rifle and High Power Championships. In the past, the Navy SEALs have trained at the rifle club. It is also the home of the California Grizzlies, Junior National Champions for the last four years. They have recreational facilities for rifle, pistol, shotgun and a 500-meter Metallic Silhouette Range.

The New Coalinga Municipal Airport is host to the annual Northern California Aerobatic contest. This early June event is typically the largest of five annual California regional aerobatic contests sanctioned by the International Aerobatic Club. It relocated to Coalinga from Paso Robles in 2013. Visitors to the airport can view upwards of 45 pilots flying a wide variety of competitive aircraft in five categories of competition over a two-day period.

The Harris Ranch is a cattle ranch that features a hotel, several restaurants, and a gift shop for travelers. It is located on Interstate 5 about 13 miles northeast of Coalinga. The Harris Ranch Airport is nearby.

Transportation
Coalinga is located at the junction of California State Route 198 and California State Route 33.

Fresno County Rural Transit Agency provides Monday through Saturday bus service between Coalinga and Fresno, including stops at Fresno Amtrak and Fresno International Airport. FlixBus stops twice daily at the ARCO station, en route to Los Angeles and the Bay Area.

The city owns the New Coalinga Municipal Airport, located east of town.

Notable people

 * Jeffrey L. Bannister, U.S. Army major general, born in Coalinga
 * Stanley George "Frenchy" Bordagaray, baseball player
 * Hal Finney, computer scientist and inventor of the reusable proof-of-work system that was instrumental in the development of bitcoin
 * John McCollum, operatic tenor
 * Daryl Patterson, baseball pitcher
 * Sirhan Sirhan, convicted of murdering Robert F. Kennedy, was housed in the Pleasant Valley State Prison
 * Jo Stafford, singer, television personality, Grammy Award winner
 * Pat and Lolly Vegas, musicians and vocalists of the Native American/Chicano rock band Redbone. They were inducted into the Native American Music Hall of Fame in 2008.

title: Coalinga, California


text:
Del Rey, California

Del Rey (Spanish for "of the King") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,639 at the 2010 census, up from 950 at the 2000 census. Del Rey is located 3.5 mi south-southwest of Sanger, at an elevation of 344 (105 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.2 sqmi, all of it land.

History
Originally called Clifton, the place was renamed by the railroad in 1898 to Del Rey, after the Rancho del Rey on which the station was located. Del Rey is a Spanish phrase meaning "of the king". A post office opened in 1885. The name Clifton honored Clift Wilkinson, town founder.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Del Rey had a population of 1,639. The population density was 1,346.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Del Rey was 740 (45.1%) White, 7 (0.4%) African American, 11 (0.7%) Native American, 34 (2.1%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 814 (49.7%) from other races, and 33 (2.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,534 persons (93.6%).

The Census reported that 1,633 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 6 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 379 households, out of which 248 (65.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 224 (59.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 83 (21.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 38 (10.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 27 (7.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 26 households (6.9%) were made up of individuals, and 15 (4.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.31. There were 345 families (91.0% of all households); the average family size was 4.37.

The population was spread out, with 583 people (35.6%) under the age of 18, 182 people (11.1%) aged 18 to 24, 446 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 295 people (18.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 133 people (8.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.

There were 395 housing units at an average density of 324.5 /sqmi, of which 379 were occupied, of which 208 (54.9%) were owner-occupied, and 171 (45.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.4%. 886 people (54.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 747 people (45.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 950 people, 240 households, and 211 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 779.4 PD/sqmi. There were 257 housing units at an average density of 210.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 37.26% White, 0.63% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.05% Asian, 58.95% from other races, and 1.89% from two or more races. 93.47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 240 households, out of which 47.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 22.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.7% were non-families. 7.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.96 and the average family size was 4.05.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.9% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,458, and the median income for a family was $28,060. Males had a median income of $22,656 versus $17,153 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,101. About 28.3% of families and 34.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.0% of those under age 18 and 19.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Del Rey, California


text:
Easton, California

Easton (formerly, Covel and Covell ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 2,083 at the 2010 census, up from 1,966 at the 2000 census. Easton is located 7.5 mi south of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 276 feet (84 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.0 sqmi, all of it land.

History
Easton post office was established in 1881, moved in 1883, and closed in 1902. It reopened in 1952. The name honors O.W. Easton, a land agent.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Easton had a population of 2,083. The population density was 691.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Easton was 1,248 (59.9%) White, 13 (0.6%) African American, 58 (2.8%) Native American, 68 (3.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 593 (28.5%) from other races, and 103 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,308 persons (62.8%).

The Census reported that 2,083 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 629 households, out of which 266 (42.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 369 (58.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 91 (14.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 50 (7.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 32 (5.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 5 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 102 households (16.2%) were made up of individuals, and 46 (7.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.31. There were 510 families (81.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.66.

The population was spread out, with 566 people (27.2%) under the age of 18, 231 people (11.1%) aged 18 to 24, 474 people (22.8%) aged 25 to 44, 532 people (25.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 280 people (13.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males.

There were 667 housing units at an average density of 221.5 /sqmi, of which 629 were occupied, of which 423 (67.2%) were owner-occupied, and 206 (32.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.5%. 1,365 people (65.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 718 people (34.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,966 people, 623 households, and 499 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 652.5 PD/sqmi. There were 648 housing units at an average density of 215.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 58.04% White, 0.61% Black or African American, 3.36% Native American, 3.97% Asian, 29.35% from other races, and 4.68% from two or more races. 51.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 623 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.16 and the average family size was 3.57.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,172, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $39,583 versus $21,071 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,598. About 16.8% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.7% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents

 * Marjaree Mason, for whom Fresno County's Marjaree Mason Center is named, was born in Easton.
 * Deshawn Stevenson, basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks, lived in Easton.
 * Matt Garza, Major League Baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs, grew up and attended high school in Easton.

title: Easton, California


text:
Firebaugh, California

Firebaugh is a city in Fresno County, California, United States, on the west side of the San Joaquin River 38 miles (61 km) west of Fresno.

State Route 33 (SR 33) and the San Joaquin Valley Railroad, West Side Subdivision, pass through downtown. A small commercial district features the ubiquitous California Central Valley water tank painted with the city's name.

Firebaugh lies at an elevation of 151 feet (46 m). The population was 7,549 at the 2010 census, up from 5,743 as of 2000.

Firebaugh hosts an annual Cantaloupe Round-Up Festival in Dunkle Park. The event aims at celebrating the peak harvest of the melon in late July and is an economic boost for local businesses.

History

The city, formerly Firebaugh's Ferry, is named for Andrew D. Firebaugh (also spelled Fierbaugh, born in Virginia in 1823), an area entrepreneur. During the Gold Rush, Firebaugh's most famous local enterprise was a ferry boat which shuttled people across the San Joaquin River. In 1857, he built a toll road for wagons, replacing an earlier horse trail that ran parallel to present-day State Route 152 from what became Bell Station over Pacheco Pass to the Rancho San Luis Gonzaga.

Firebaugh was a station on the Butterfield Overland Stage. The Firebaugh's Ferry post office operated from 1860 to 1862. The Firebaugh post office opened in 1865.

In the 1880s, the area of Firebaugh was once part of the massive holdings of the Miller and Lux Company, which had a large cattle operation covering what today is Dos Palos to Mendota.

The city incorporated in 1914.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 sqmi, of which, 3.5 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (1.62%) is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Firebaugh has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010
At the 2010 census Firebaugh had a population of 7,549. The population density was 2,145.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Firebaugh was 4,715 (62.5%) White, 70 (0.9%) African American, 116 (1.5%) Native American, 40 (0.5%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 2,371 (31.4%) from other races, and 237 (3.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,887 persons (91.2%).

The census reported that 7,536 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 13 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,920 households, 1,208 (62.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,179 (61.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 317 (16.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 182 (9.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 145 (7.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 6 (0.3%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 197 households (10.3%) were one person and 95 (4.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.93. There were 1,678 families (87.4% of households); the average family size was 4.17.

The age distribution was 2,716 people (36.0%) under the age of 18, 914 people (12.1%) aged 18 to 24, 1,923 people (25.5%) aged 25 to 44, 1,504 people (19.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 492 people (6.5%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 26.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males.

There were 2,096 housing units at an average density of 595.6 /sqmi, of which 1,920 were occupied, 1,008 (52.5%) by the owners and 912 (47.5%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.6%. 4,105 people (54.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,431 people (45.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 5,743 people in 1,418 households, including 1,246 families, in the city. The population density was 2,030.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,581 housing units at an average density of 559.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 43.60% White, 1.15% Black or African American, 1.36% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 48.51% from other races, and 4.49% from two or more races. 87.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 1,418 households, 59.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.1% were non-families. 9.4% of households were one person and 4.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 4.01 and the average family size was 4.28.

The age distribution was 39.3% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 14.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.4% 65 or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.

The median household income was $31,533 and the median family income was $33,018. Males had a median income of $24,213 versus $17,829 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,290. About 20.0% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.9% of those under age 18 and 24.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Firebaugh is served by the Firebaugh-Las Deltas Unified School District, which has a preschool, primary school, elementary school, middle school (Firebaugh Middle), and high school (Firebaugh High), in addition to an alternative community education institution called El Puente High School. Firebaugh High School offers the most Regional Occupational Program classes in Fresno County and is also notable for its high AP exam pass rates. Its sports teams are nicknamed the "Eagles".

Notable residents

 * Josh Allen, NFL quarterback for the Buffalo Bills
 * Traci Des Jardins (world renowned Chef and restaurateur)
 * Richard Yniguez (Actor)

In popular culture

 * On their 1985 album Wönderful, the Circle Jerks, an influential Los Angeles–based punk band, recorded a song titled "Firebaugh". The song's lyrics portray a dystopian vision of racial tension, violence, alcoholism, and boredom. Listeners are warned, "If your car breaks down, don't take a tow to Firebaugh..."
 * Wells Fargo, one of the major banks in California, periodically runs television commercials set in late 19th-century California and featuring their trademark stage coach. "Firebaugh's Ferry" is sometimes listed as a stagecoach stop.
 * The video for the 1999 single "The Greatest" by Kenny Rogers was filmed at the baseball field known as "Dunkle Field" in Firebaugh. Many of the spectators featured in the video were residents from Firebaugh.
 * Firebaugh is mentioned in Bruce Springsteen's song "The New Timer", from the album Ghost of Tom Joad, 1995. The song tells the tale of a hobo and itinerant worker during the Great Depression showing a young man how to survive on the road.  "I hoed sugar beets outside of Firebaugh, I picked the peaches from the Marysville tree.  They bunked us in a barn just like animals.  Me and a hundred others just like me."

title: Firebaugh, California


text:
Fowler, California

Fowler (formerly, Fowler's Switch) is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. It is located within the San Joaquin Valley. It has a strong agricultural community, with lush grape vineyards and expansive farmland. Fowler is located 11 mi southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 308 feet (94 m). The population was 6,700 at the 2020 census, and 5,570 at the 2010 census.

History
Fowler's first post office opened in 1882. Fowler was incorporated June 15, 1908. The community was named for rancher Thomas Fowler, an early 1870s California state senator.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.5 sqmi, all of it land.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Fowler had a population of 5,570. The population density was 2,200.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Fowler was 2,634 (47.3%) White, 104 (1.9%) African American, 136 (2.4%) Native American, 610 (11.0%) Asian, 8 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,800 (32.3%) from other races, and 278 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,687 persons (66.2%).

The Census reported that 5,523 people (99.2% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 47 (0.8%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,723 households, out of which 838 (48.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 932 (54.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 276 (16.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 120 (7.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 114 (6.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 14 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 333 households (19.3%) were made up of individuals, and 118 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.21. There were 1,328 families (77.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.68.

The population was spread out, with 1,662 people (29.8%) under the age of 18, 591 people (10.6%) aged 18 to 24, 1,558 people (28.0%) aged 25 to 44, 1,203 people (21.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 556 people (10.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.

There were 1,842 housing units at an average density of 727.7 /sqmi, of which 1,723 were occupied, of which 1,102 (64.0%) were owner-occupied, and 621 (36.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 3,651 people (65.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,872 people (33.6%) lived in rental housing units.

In 1920, Armenians comprised 65% of the population of Fowler, with 1,000 Armenian residents out of a total population of 1,528.

Notable natives and residents

 * Marvin R. Baxter, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California
 * Ernest A. Bedrosian, founder of the Raisin Bargaining Association (RBA), 1967. His dynamic organizational skill brought together over 1,000 raisin growers to form the largest agricultural bargaining association in America. The RBA's bargaining power was instrumental in increasing raisin grower returns from $180/ton to a recent record of $1,900/ton with a corresponding record increase for raisin grower land values.
 * Jerry Dyer, Mayor of Fresno
 * Richard Hagopian, American Oriental-style oud player and traditional Armenian musician.
 * Victor Davis Hanson, classicist, historian, and political writer.
 * Douglas Jamgochian, professional dancer who has worked on both stage and screen.
 * Herman A. Lawson, highly decorated U.S. Army Air Force/U.S. Air Force officer, combat fighter pilot, and combat flight instructor with the 332nd Fighter Group's 99th Pursuit Squadron, best known as the Tuskegee Airmen or "Red Tails". He was one of 1,007 documented Tuskegee Airmen Pilots.

title: Fowler, California


text:
Friant, California

Friant (formerly, Converse Ferry, Jones Ferry, Hamptonville, and Pollasky) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 549 at the 2010 census, down from 778 at the 2000 census. Friant is located 11.5 mi north of Clovis, at an elevation of 344 feet (105 m).

Geography
The CDP is located along the banks of the San Joaquin River and at the base of Friant Dam and Millerton Lake.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 sqmi, of which 96.2% is land and 3.8% is water.

Climate
Friant has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) typical of California's Central Valley with hot, dry summers and cool, rainier winters.

History
The place was first called Converse Ferry for Charles Converse, who established a ferry across the San Joaquin River in 1852. It was renamed Jones Ferry for J.R. Jones, a local merchant. The post office came in 1881 and named the place Hamptonville, after William R. Hampton, its first postmaster. The Southern Pacific Railroad arrived in 1891 and named the place Pollasky for Marcus Pollasky, a railroad official. In the 1920s the place was renamed for Thomas Friant, a lumber company executive.

 * Unknown Date: Mugginsville
 * 1852-≤1863: Converse Ferry or Converse
 * ≤1863-1881: Jones Ferry or Jonesville
 * 1881-1891: Hamptonville
 * 1891-1907: Pollasky
 * 1907–present: Friant

2010
At the 2010 census Friant had a population of 509. The population density was 383.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Friant was 433 (85.1%) White, 4 (0.8%) African American, 14 (2.8%) Native American, 7 (1.4%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 11 (2.2%) from other races, and 40 (7.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 63 people (12.4%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 224 households, 47 (21.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 111 (49.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 21 (9.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 9 (4.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12 (5.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 5 (2.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 61 households (27.2%) were one person and 33 (14.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.27. There were 141 families (62.9% of households); the average family size was 2.75.

The age distribution was 83 people (16.3%) under the age of 18, 35 people (6.9%) aged 18 to 24, 82 people (16.1%) aged 25 to 44, 169 people (33.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 140 people (27.5%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 51.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.9 males.

There were 252 housing units at an average density of 190.1 /sqmi,of which 224 were occupied, 171 (76.3%) by the owners and 53 (23.7%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.6%. 381 people (74.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 128 people (25.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 519 male and 259 female (total: 778) people, 226 households, and 148 families in the CDP. The population density was 384.6 PD/sqmi. There were 236 housing units at an average density of 174.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.21% White, 1.93% Native American, 1.93% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 2.70% from other races, and 4.05% from two or more races. 10.02% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 226 households 19.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 27.9% of households were one person and 9.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.70.

The age distribution was 18.7% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 25.0% 65 or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.9 males.

The median household income was $30,234 and the median family income was $35,792. Males had a median income of $24,808 versus $32,188 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,878. About 12.7% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Friant, California


text:
Huron, California

Huron is a small city in Fresno County, California, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,754, up from 6,306 at the 2000 census. During the harvest season, the population swells to over 15,000 people due to the influx of migrant farm workers. Huron is located 15 mi east-northeast of Coalinga, at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m). Huron was the city with the highest proportion of Hispanic or Latino people in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.6 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Huron has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

History
The community of Huron was founded in 1888 as a water stop along the Southern Pacific Railroad's western route, approximately 15 miles northeast of Coalinga. One of the first structures in the community was the Huron Post Office, which operated from 1877 to 1883 and then from 1886 to the present. Huron became a boomtown in the early 20th century and has grown steadily ever since. During World War II was the site of three training landing strips called Huron Field, West Field and Indian Field, part of Lemoore Army Air Field.

Historical significance
Joseph Mouren and his family were largely responsible for the expansion of the community of Huron in the late 19th century and fueled the city's growth into the 20th century by investment. Mouren Drive was named after Joseph Mouren, who is considered by many to be one of the city's founding fathers. In the early 20th century, Huron became one of the largest producers of wool in the nation.

2010
At the 2010 census Huron had a population of 6,754. The population density was 4,245.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Huron was 2,300 (34.1%) White, 66 (1.0%) African American, 77 (1.1%) Native American, 39 (0.6%) Asian, 6 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 3,964 (58.7%) from other races, and 302 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,527 persons (96.6%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,532 households, 1,025 (66.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 813 (53.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 367 (24.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 155 (10.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 156 (10.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 14 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 110 households (7.2%) were one person and 40 (2.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.41. There were 1,335 families (87.1% of households); the average family size was 4.47.

The age distribution was 2,506 people (37.1%) under the age of 18, 903 people (13.4%) aged 18 to 24, 1,924 people (28.5%) aged 25 to 44, 1,089 people (16.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 332 people (4.9%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 24.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.7 males.

There were 1,602 housing units at an average density of 1,006.9 /sqmi,of which 1,532 were occupied, 493 (32.2%) by the owners and 1,039 (67.8%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.9%. 2,380 people (35.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,374 people (64.8%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 7,836 people in 1,378 households, including 1,208 families, in the city. The population density was 4,704.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,414 housing units at an average density of 1,054.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 20.36% White, 0.32% Black or African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 74.77% from other races, and 3.04% from two or more races. 98.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The greatest percentage of farmland surrounding Huron is devoted to the production of lettuce, onions and tomatoes. During the harvest season, it is not uncommon for the population of the city to swell to over 15,000 people.

Of the 1,378 households 64.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.3% were non-families. 7.4% of households were one person and 3.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 4.45 and the average family size was 4.44.

The age distribution was 39.1% under the age of 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 12.7% from 45 to 64, and 4.2% 65 or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.5 males.

The median household income was $24,609 and the median family income was $23,939. Males had a median income of $21,656 versus $16,442 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,425. About 38.3% of families and 39.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.4% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Schools

The city of Huron is within the Coalinga-Huron Unified School District. The schools in Huron are:
 * Huron Elementary School (Grades K-5)
 * Huron Middle School (Grades 6–8)
 * Fresno EOC Headstart Program
 * Fresno-Madera Migrant Headstart Program

Huron Police Department
The City of Huron currently funds its own police department.

Water issues
In July 2009, action by the Federal Bureau of Reclamation to protect threatened fish reduced irrigation pumping to parts of the California Central Valley, causing canals leading into Huron and the surrounding areas and the farms that rely on them to dry up. Unemployment has reached over 40% as farms dried up. Governor Schwarzenegger stated the federal action is putting the fish "above the needs of millions of Californians." The issue received coverage on the Hannity program from Fox News broadcasting from Huron. Comedian Paul Rodriguez acted as a celebrity spokesperson criticizing the action, as his mother owns a farm in the area. Fox's coverage of the issue has been criticized, and the California Progress Report argued that Huron's problems are more the result of poor water management decisions by the local water district than by the federal government. Environmental and fishing groups have argued that the action to protect fish will ultimately save more jobs in the fishing and tourism industries than will be lost in agriculture.

title: Huron, California


text:
Kerman, California

Kerman (formerly Collis) is a city at the intersection of State Route 180 and State Route 145 in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 13,544 at the 2010 census. Kerman is located 15 mi west of Fresno, at an elevation of 220 ft.

History
Around 1891, the Southern Pacific Railroad constructed a new line between Tracy and Fresno. A watering tank and pump on that line was the beginning of Kerman, which was christened Collis in honor of the President of the railroad, Collis Potter Huntington. The first inhabitant, the caretaker of the pump and tank, kept the tank full of water for the thirsty engines with their long and lumbering trains. After some months, he resigned his job, not because of the work, he said, but because it was too lonesome and he was tired of being a hermit. He said he never saw anyone but the train crews and they were always in too big a hurry to carry on a conversation.

On August 3, 1892, the train bandits Chris Evans, John Sontag, and George Contant robbed a Southern Pacific train at Collis. Contant went to Folsom State Prison for the crime. Evans and John Sontag became fugitives for ten months before they were captured in 1893 in what is called the Battle of Stone Corral. John Sontag died of his wounds in custody, and Chris Evans was also sent to Folsom upon his conviction of the crime.

As a speculative venture, the old and very rich Bank of California purchased a huge tract of land in every County of California. The arid, barren land around Kerman seemed to be a good venture, so that happened to be the allotment for Fresno County.

After the death of its promoter, the bank became insolvent and its property was liquidated. The property here attracted the attention of two Los Angeles capitalists, William G. Kerckhoff and Jacob Mansar, who saw a chance to purchase a plentiful water supply from the newly constructed Enterprise Canal, which had its source in the Kings River. The men combined the first three letters of each of their names and christened the area "Kerman." They pitched the property to Scandinavians and Germans settled in the Midwest.

The Collis post office was opened in 1894, closed in 1899, re-established in 1904, and renamed Kerman in 1906. Kerman incorporated in 1946. The independent Kerman Telephone company retired its four-position manual telephone switchboard, described by a state telephone association as the last of its kind in California, in 1991.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.2 sqmi, all of it land.

2010
At the 2010 census Kerman had a population of 13,544. The population density was 4,189.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Kerman was 6,860 (50.6%) White, 68 (0.5%) African American, 173 (1.3%) Native American, 1,091 (8.1%) Asian, 14 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 4,675 (34.5%) from other races, and 663 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9,711 persons (71.7%).

The census reported that 13,537 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 2 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 5 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,692 households, 2,160 (58.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,248 (60.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 615 (16.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 272 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 285 (7.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 25 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 460 households (12.5%) were one person and 208 (5.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.67. There were 3,135 families (84.9% of households); the average family size was 3.97.

The age distribution was 4,648 people (34.3%) under the age of 18, 1,469 people (10.8%) aged 18 to 24, 3,870 people (28.6%) aged 25 to 44, 2,580 people (19.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 977 people (7.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 28.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.

There were 3,908 housing units at an average density of 1,209.0 /mi2,of which 3,692 were occupied, 2,165 (58.6%) by the owners and 1,527 (41.4%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.9%. 8,215 people (60.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,322 people (39.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 8,551 people in 2,389 households, including 1,994 families, in the city. The population density was 1,528.5 /km2. There were 2,462 housing units at an average density of 440.1 /km2. The racial makeup of the city was 42.50% White, 0.36% Black or African American, 1.95% Native American, 8.29% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 42.38% from other races, and 4.49% from two or more races. 64.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 2,389 households 51.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.5% were non-families. 13.8% of households were one person and 7.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.57 and the average family size was 3.91.

The age distribution was 35.3% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% 65 or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.

The median household income was $31,188 and the median family income was $34,120. Males had a median income of $29,120 versus $21,906 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,495. 20.2% of the population and 19.1% of families were below the poverty line. 25.1% of those under the age of 18 and 6.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Education
The Kerman Unified School District is the school district serving Kerman and the surrounding areas.

Public

 * Kerman High School
 * Kerman Middle School
 * Enterprise High School (formerly Nova High School)
 * Sun Empire Elementary School
 * Kerman-Floyd Elementary School
 * Goldenrod Elementary School
 * Liberty Elementary School

Private

 * Kerman Christian School (on Kerman Covenant Church campus)

Points of interest

 * M. Young Botanic Garden

Sister city relations

 * Kannami, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan - since October 12, 1985

title: Kerman, California