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Talk:Whitechapel

Stations
There are a lot of inconsistencies between underground-station and tube-station in the links, which I will try and fix according to WikiProject London. --/Mat 10:57, 6 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Jacob Adler
Don't know if anyone wants to use it, but Jacob Adler had some very telling comments about the poverty of Whitechapel, when he arrived there in the winter of 1883-1884: "The further we penetrated into this Whitechapel, the more our hearts sank. Was this London? Never in Russia, never later in the worst slums of New York, were we to see such poverty as in the London of the 1880s." He further describes seeing men pushing barrows who looked as if they "had come out of their mothers already gray and old. [Adler, 1999, 232-233]

There are 20-30 pages of interesting material about Whitechapel (and 1880s Jewish London in general) in his book.

Reference: Adler, Jacob, A Life on the Stage: A Memoir, translated and with commentary by Lulla Rosenfeld, Knopf, New York, 1999, ISBN 067941351.

"Bangladeshis"
Should the article really refer to "Bangladeshis" rather than "Bengalis"? The former is a national designation, the latter an ethnic one. I would imagine that a lot of the Bengalis in Banglatown are not Bangladeshi, but I don't know the neighbourhood all that well, so I could be mistaken. -- Jmabel | Talk

 * 'Bangladeshi' is correct and generally in use (in fact TH council once tried to market the Brick Lane area as 'Banglatown' after Chinatown). And not only are most Asians hereabouts of Bangladeshi origin, but the majority of those are from one specific area of Bangladesh, the Sylhet region. Tarquin Binary 20:33, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Sounds like Bangladeshi is fine if that is where they are from. Yes, I was familiar with the designation Banglatown, but I believed that only implies Bengal: isn't it the "-desh" that means "land"? -- Jmabel | Talk 06:55, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, and of course Bangladesh can be said to be a subset of Bengal. But it's all down to the partition of India and the subsequent independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan - and a crude definition of Bangladesh would be the Muslim area of Bengal. (But note, before 1971, all Bangladeshis in the UK would have been known as Pakistanis). As it happens, the vast majority of Asians in Tower Hamlets are Muslims, while Hindus are heavily concentrated in Southall in West London. (It's not quite that ghettoised, of course, there is quite a dispersal of ethnic groups all across the city.) It's not always easy to figure out why one ethnic group settles in a particular area, but there is some evidence that in the case of Bangladeshis this may have been due to the wide employment of East Indian (as it was originally) seamen on British merchant ships who were known as lascars (Wikipedia contradicts itself on this entry, anyway, the term is widely used by Joseph Conrad, but likely considered offensive if used in any other way than historically now), but that term included Hindu seamen, and those from Africa and the Middle East too, so it does not explain everything. In any case, Bangladeshis from the Sylhet region have a long acquaintance with the sea and would have become very familiar with East London from serving on British ships. Tarquin Binary 14:31, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Additional. Re: 'Banglatown', the term is not really used any more. It was TH council's bright idea once upeon a time, but it is apt to raise a sneer today. The area that was labelled that has reverted to what we always called it: 'Brick Lane' (which includes surrounding streets). Tarquin Binary 14:41, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The ward is still called "Spitalfields and Banglatown" MRSC 15:09, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops didn't know that. Still it's TH council. Wouldn't be seen dead using it conversation, and feel it hasn't really taken off in common parlance... Tarquin Binary 18:06, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It was the name against "Ward:" on my voting card but if you go to their website and search for "ward map" you can also see it that way. I seem to remember there were a few news stories at the time about the change as it was considered newsworthy. I remember I once used the term to describe the area - and the person I was talking to accused me of being racist. MRSC 18:34, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think it's racist, and IIRC, when they first started to promote the name, TH council was actually trying to support the Bangladeshi community, I think (though their past record had been a trifle erratic). I do think it's sort of tacky, though, in a way that 'Chinatown' isn't, but it's hard to explain why... Tarquin Binary 19:33, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Neither do I. I think the person I was speaking to was unsure of what is currently PC. MRSC 19:44, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Classic, like people here in the U.S. who blanch when Native Americans call themselves "Indians". Which many do. When I was last in London (about 4 years, I live on the opposite side of the globe these days) the name Banglatown seemed reasonably current, and certainly was being used on signs of neighborhood businesses owned by Bangladeshis, who were hardly likely to be using an offensive term for their own ethnicity and neighborhood.
 * BTW, before 1971, when Pakistan had two "wings", there a lot more people in the UK who remembered the Raj, and the word Bengali (as an ethnicity, sometimes meaning only Muslim Bengali's, sometimes including the Hindus) probably had some currency in London, though I don't really remember (most of my time in London is mid-'70s, probably only one visit before '71). -- Jmabel | Talk 23:05, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I see where you're coming from, I moved to London in '73 myself, and searching my memory, 'Bengali' was largely used, but that was only just after independence, Bangladesh was a new and unfamiliar country to UK citizens. (One might argue that it was put on non-Bangladeshi people's mental maps, sadly, by natural disaster (and George Harrison)). Also the Bangladeshi community was smaller then. Tarquin Binary 23:19, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Huguenots
Am I mistaken in believing that more than a century before the major influx of Jews and Irish, there was an influx of Huguenots? Certainly true in the area immediately around Brick Lane, I don't know farther soutn/east in Whitechapel as well.
 * Huguenots were throughout the area from Shoreditch to Bethnal Green (Huguenot weaver riots led to two ring leaders being hanged outside the Salmon & Ball for 'cutting cloth' - damaging the product). Weaving was homeworking, with piecework being taken to the masters (in Spitalfields) for onward sale. Huguenots were also active in furniture and boot making - around the area; and further afield in clock and instrument making - around Clerkenwell.
 * There were several Huguenot chapels in the area, many reused as synagogues and latterly as mosques. One of my ancestors came here in 1585, but most arrived at the end of the 17th century. Since the community was pretty close, marriages took place within it and the last identifyingly 'french' name in my family died out about 1900 in Bethnal Green. There were many Huguenot charities and societies, including 'reading clubs' many of these led to early workers' associations, trade unions and other socialist organisations Kbthompson 15:51, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Whitechapel Art Gallery
Shouldn't we mention Whitechapel Art Gallery? -- Jmabel | Talk 08:35, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Absolutely, yes! I will do something about this soonest. One of my hobbyhorses, (that I haven't had time to pursue) is that given its importance in East London, contemporary art in the area is covered very poorly indeed in Wikipedia, but the overall subject needs a proper revamp. In the meantime, it's well naff to leave the Whitechapel out. Tarquin Binary 19:40, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Added. -- Jmabel | Talk 23:13, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Nice one! I fixed the redlink to the gallery, though. It does actually have a pedia entry, which I think I or someone else should strive to get a pic for. There's a lot of good material in this piece, actually, but I do think it needs organising into sections, which will generate a contents menu for a start. And more pix will help with layout too. Tarquin Binary 23:26, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Krays
Don't know if it merits mention/link, but the Grave Maurice pub in Whitechapel was one of the Kray twins haunts. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:39, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Workhouses
Another possible source to mine for the article: a page on the Whitechapel Workhouse and Poor Law Union. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:45, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Flowery phrase
Jmabel, I wote this article a couple years ago and it has stayed basically the same since (not that it should always stay the same, I'm just establishing I'm no casual editor on this one). I'll go with your deletion of that "flowery phrase that implies malign divine intervention, and tells reader he/she must believe in it", at least until I think it over more. I'm afraid, though, that you've misinterpreted it and also that one man's flowery is another man's well-turned. It is the latter point that concerns me most, actually, because I fear this general tendency to make the tone of all articles on all subjects match the tone of sci/tech articles is extremley damaging to the project. I think the best editors do believe in variety for variety's sake, and an article on a colorful hard-scrabble neighborhood presents a fine opportunity for a varying tone and spirit. It makes me think of what the best zoos have done in recent decades: instead of havng absolutely every animal locked down in a tightly caged exhibit, some have been given space to run and fly. Sure, you can clip every bird's wings and have an endlessly neat aviary. But is it better than having a few exhibits in which the birds can zing around and show off a little? Not to me.

For reference's sake, here's the removed sentence: "Regardless of one's politics, it is difficult to read either How the Other Half Lives or The People of the Abyss without wondering if such deep, large scale social ills (poverty, homelessness, exploitive work conditions, prostitution, infant mortality, etc.) are caused, or at least abetted, by something or somebody more culpable than fate."

As its author I can tell you there is no implication of malign divine intervention. The implication is that the wealthy of Olde London, those basically of the Ebeneezer Scrooge cast, as most of the wealthy in most cultures, had been so industrious over generations in concentrating the great majority of resources into their own hands that they must share some culpability for the bad condition of all these hundreds of thousands whose antecedents had not been so acquisitive (or one might even say "rapacious"). Perhaps malign, definitely not divine.

That covers the "somebody" of the sentence. The "something" also does not imply God/gods but points to greed itself as a disembodied force.

I admit the phrase is ornate and rather throwback in tone (as you can see, I'm fond of writing this way). But I submit that this sort of writing is not always inferior to the direct, clipped approach employed as the default in Wikipedia. Come now, when we are honest we admit that we enjoy Dickens more than we enjoy Hemingway. That's not to say that in the end we get more from Dickens than from Hemingway, but it is to say that the ornate familiar voice can sometimes have its place. Think it over. JDG 10:25, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It wasn't the ornateness of the phrase I had a problem with (and I've had people do similar things to my prose; see this example. If you can rewrite the sentence to indicate a bit more clearly where you are saying the blame lies, I'm all for restoring nice proseAfter someone else had deleted the sentence and you had restored it, I re-read it several times trying to make sense of it. If an educated reader, reading carefully, could misunderstand as I did, some rewording is probably in order. To be honest, my second guess after a malign divinity was that somehow you were blaming them and saying they somehow deserved this to happen to them. I think "Regardless of one's politics…" may be what threw me off of what you say was your intended reading: it seemed to suggest, precisely, rejection of a political explanation, so it eliminated the reading you apparently intended. "…something or somebody more culpable than fate" could be anything, so I took my cue from the other phrase: how can you both reject and embrace a political explanation in the same sentence? -- Jmabel | Talk 18:44, August 11, 2005 (UTC)

A Philosophical Question
Where does Whitechapel end and Spitalfields begin? This is confusing me. For instance Jack the Ripper's depredations are often referred to as the 'Whitechapel Murders'. However the infamous Ripper pub, 'The Ten Bells' is adjacent to Christ Church, Spitalfields and the site of Mary Kelly's murder is just a few yards away.... Colin4C 09:06, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * In terms of the Ripper, http://www.met.police.uk/history/ripper.htm should sort this out for you. In more generality, I don't know the precise borders, or even whether there are legally established borders of anything other than the City. - Jmabel | Talk 00:24, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Off the top of my head, Whitechapel was a distinct region of London, part of Stepney - with an eponymous 'chapel of ease'. Spitalfields originated as 'the open land beyond Bishopgate and Whitechapel' related to the old Bethlehem Hospital (the original Bedlam, lies beneath Liverpool Station) - either because it funded it, or because it was where the patients worked. So, Spitalfields had no seperate identity, but became attached to the name both of a C17th estate and an C18th market that later occupied the site. If demanded, I can probably dig out references. I have maps, but they're only photocopies. It was also a 'tenter ground' being used for the dying of cloth - so, might be one of the origins of the area's associations with the rag trade. HTH Kbthompson 16:05, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Blue Bs
Is it really necessary to have luminous blue B's in the text to denote that someone was born in Whitechapel???? Colin4C 20:43, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I've split the section into 'born' and 'associated with' subsections (and put list into alphabetical order). Better? Squiddy | (squirt ink?)  00:05, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It does obviate the need to write born here, all over the place; but I suspect it's not particularly friendly to 'talker' software for the blind - it probably reads 'Caps-blue-B-normal' each time it comes across it, which definitely isn't preferable to the full expression. I think the guideline on page design is kiss; keep it simple.
 * There's a crop of natives breaking out all over the East End, while I'm sure the editors mean well, there are some contexts in which I could see it causing offence. The heading should be Residents (that includes people who were born in a place, usually). They're also attaching themselves to individual district pages, whereas I seem to have seen them in the past most commonly attached to the borough page, with a simple 'raised/lived/fought a duel/perished/hanged in Whitechapel' pointing out the particular relationship with the locality; that way information doesn't get duplicated across multiple districts (like perhaps Capt Cook - Whitechapel and Stepney Green), and such turf wars can be played out in one place.
 * it would also have the advantage that when the list gets inordinately long it can be spun into a 'famous residents of XXXXX' page - like many of the major cities have. I don't see the point of maintaining multiple lists. That's what categories are for.
 * Harrumph, edit conflicts, yes, probably ... Kbthompson 00:09, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Whitechapel (band)
how would I make an article about the death metal band named whitechapel —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.47.231.39 (talk) 07:40, 12 February 2007 (UTC).
 * You would need to be signed in, to create an article. If the band were considered non-notable, or the article were considered self promotion, it would likely be deleted at an early stage. A quick web search shows it to be a relatively new US band, and it might be more appropriate to wait until they were better known. Kbthompson 12:29, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
 * For the technicalities of the matter, see Disambiguation. - Jmabel | Talk 18:55, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Whitechapel is a fairly large American grindcore band that released their full length debut "The Somatic Defilement" in 2007 under S.O.A.R Records. They have just signed to Metal Blade and are releasing another full length album "This Is Exile" in July. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.70.221.131 (talk) 14:22, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
 * ... and they are mentioned on the whitechapel (disambiguation) page at the head of this article. Kbthompson (talk) 14:44, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Whitechapel (band) !! Artlondon (talk) 15:11, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

19th century Prostitution
I have restored the referenced encyclopediac and relevent bit on 19th century prostitution and its relation to the endemic poverty of the area. Such prostitution was high-lighted by Jack the Ripper's attacks and mentioned by all 19th century social commentators on Whitechapel. See 'The Bitter Cry of Outcast London' by Mearns and Jack London's book, plus the social survey by Booth etc etc.Colin4C 19:52, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Colin. I'm the original author of this article (this doesn't give me any particular status, I say it so you will know I'm not someone coming from out of the blue here). I think your version of the paragraph has a number of problems I don't have time to go into (for instance, the "prostitutes of very low class" statement-- unencyclopedic and subjective). Are you willing to work on a compromise? JDG 09:41, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * That sounds to me to be a quote from the police blotter of the time, and perhaps (if it remains) should be in quotes, or explained. From contemporary accounts these were desperate women. One of the Ripper accounts mentions one of the victims going out to 'turn a trick' to obtain a loaf of bread and the rent money. Given their druthers, I would think they would do anything else, and these women drifted between work (when they could get it) and prostitution. Kbthompson 10:16, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I think the 'low class' epithet was from contemporary police files. The Victorians were very conscious and explicit about the class divisions in society (which still exist, except that we now use euphemisms like 'socially excluded' etc or pretend that we live in a classless society). Booth in his maps of London even shaded in different colours the class distinctions of the populace of the streets of London. The 'low class' prostitutes of Whitechapel were to be distinguished from higher class prostitutes of Mayfair and the West End etc who would typically solicit for custom in the foyers of theatres and music-halls, such as the Empire, Leicester Square (such higher class prostitutes are noted both by Winston Churchill in his Autobiography and depicted by Charlie Chaplin in the film 'Limelight'). However, by contrast, according to Rumbelow the prostitutes of Whitechapel were indeed of the quality Kb suggests: often ragged, unwashed, drunk, middle-aged, with blackened teeth and a penchant for wearing steel toe capped boots to deter aggressive males and female competition. Not like the fantasy women you see in the movies...
 * As for invidious or subjective language, we could tie ourselves in knots trying to formulate some PC euphemisms to describe such social phenomena. Personally I think the term 'prostitute' itself is an invidious label. 'Fallen women' sounds much nicer...Colin4C 17:53, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Huh. To me, "prostitute" is a simple statement of "sex for money" and carries no inherent judgment. "Fallen woman" is inherently moralistic. I can immediately think of at least three people in my close acquaintance who have been prostitutes but would certainly not have considered themselves in any sense "fallen" (and one of them is not even a "woman"). - Jmabel | Talk 18:58, 5 March 2007 (UTC)
 * My personal feeling is that the expression in the article should merely be referenced and appear in quotes. I don't think there's any judgement there, just use of contemporary accounts - they may well be judgemental. I got the impression that JDG was in favour of censoring it, and that Colin was merely discussing the undesirability of euphemism. The modern reader is well able to make their own mind up. Kbthompson 19:33, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I've added some quote marks. As for terminology I think 'prostitute' is no more or less value-neutral than 'fallen woman'. 'Common prostitute' in the UK is a legal term used to label and stigmatise women caught soliciting for sex. It is not a value-neutral descriptive term: it is rather the verbal equivilant of physically branding them (as also used to happen to women of that class). There is no such thing as value-neutral language: all language and terminology encodes cultural values. Colin4C 21:39, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

A11

 * Whitechapel Road is now part of the A11 road, though anciently it was the initial part of the Roman road between the City of London and Colchester, exiting the city at Aldgate.

Not quite true, the ancient trackway from London to Colchester lead along Old Street-BG Rd-Roman Road->Old Ford. The Romans altered the course of this, by linking in London Bridge. The road from Aldgate lead only into Tower Hamlets. 'Bethnal Green: Communications', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green (1998), pp. 88-90. Kbthompson 22:02, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The Old Street route bypassed Londinium completely: as far as I'm aware it was part of a Roman road connecting Silchester and Colchester (the old Roman capital), before Londinium (to the south) was even thought of. To access this route from Londinium and London Bridge you'd either have to go north through Bishopsgate up Ermine Street (aka Shoreditch Highstreet) and turn right about where Shoreditch church is now (which sounds like an odd procedure) or exit via a linking roman road from Aldgate, which is definately Roman. There are no other possibilities: there are no Roman gates between Aldgate and Bishopsgate. Therefore your source does not appear to make sense of the geography of London....Colin4C 12:40, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It's called authoritative; the Victoria history is a peer reviewed collection; and yes, the road from London Bridge/Londinium joined the ancient trackway via Ermine Street to outside St Leonards. It makes sense when you recall that much of Stepney was a marsh in Roman times, and that the tidal reach of the Lee was Hackney Wick. The route to Colchester lay across the marshes, via a causeway to Leyton.
 * The Roman road layout didn't all go through the City, they probably had a congestion charge ... but they did seek to control passage, so there may well have been a roman fort near St Leonards (for which I have no evidence whatsoever ...) Kbthompson 14:17, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Your interpretation makes some sense out of the rather obscure wording of your 'authoritative' source. Which is not to say that either the source or your interpretation of it is necessarily true. I myself have contributed articles to hard-cover encyclopedias for the Cambridge University Press etc and I don't regard myself or the peers who reviewed my articles as 'authoritative': just skilful bluffers in back-slapping world of corporate Academe. Now where did I put that map of Roman London I used to have??? Colin4C 15:22, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * is this what you're looking for? No wonder you're always getting lost ... and I thought I was having trouble following the Victorian street maps. There's no Aldgate, and the gate doesn't seem to be around Bishopsgate, but a compromise between the two. It doesn't seem to mark Old Street at all, but I notice the Jubilee line is marked! Kbthompson 15:40, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * What a weird map! Looks like it was drawn in biro by some drunken archaeologist on the back of an envelope after having imbibed 12 pints of London Pride. Or possibly put out to confuse treasure hunters as to where exactly the Roman loot is concealed...Colin4C 15:53, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

OK, but what are we going to do with your purple prose, at best it's misleading, at worst the drunken ramblings of an archaeologist, who has no fellow feeling for his colleagues. - or, are you not convinced yet? BTW: They place great store by the Victoria History of Middlesex, it is supposed to be the definitive history of London. More often than not, I've found it to be right - but of course, the evidence may be reinterpreted at a later date. Kbthompson 16:06, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I admire your faith in definitive knowledge. What I discovered after several years studying at uni was that mostly 'nobody knows nothing'...and that errors are repeated ad infinitum, though I think Socrates put the point in a more elegant form...Anyway, I wasn't saying the Vic Hist of Middlesex was wrong, merely that it was completely incomprehensible... Anyway I digress.... To get back to the point I have actually found my Roman map of London - part of the grandly titled 'Tabula Imperii Romani' series - and it seems that (on the map you referenced and my map) the angle of the wall through which the road on the right is traversing in a NE direction is actually the site of Aldgate! Our mental maps of London are both wrong: Algate and the road going through it take a NE route, not a due easterly route as we must both have imagined. Therefore this Roman road, going north-east on the general line of Aldgate High Street and Whitechapel Road will avoid the marshes and eventually intersect with the Old Street-Hackney Road Roman Road. However this latter is all just pure logic on my part - I admit I have not got a reference stating that Whitechapel Road is part of the Roman road to Colchester... Colin4C 22:03, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

It's my background in fundamental computing, all technologists are like that ... I too seem to have mislaid my Roman A-Z guide to Stepney. I don't really think we can say that Whitechapel Rd is a Roman Rd. There are aspects that suggest it, but the bridge it runs straight as a die to, wasn't built until the 14th century. The whole area is strange anyway, because the history of the 'waste' isn't dealt with, and is a little invisible in the histories - as is the Whitechapel Mound (roughly where the hospital is); and apparently a pile of ordure, much as Nova Scotia Gdns. I'd say remove the statement, and continue looking into it, until either one or t'other of us has anything to report. Kbthompson 00:08, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

There are two interesting things you can say about the road. Kbthompson 00:23, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) Shakespeare's fool morris dancing to Norwich, started here
 * 2) Geese & Turkeys walked the other way - one lot with socks on to protect their feet!

 * I notice that the Vic History of Middlesex references Margary's 'Roman Roads of Britain'. I will see if I can obtain this latter volume and see if Margary can account for the mystery or at least give us a nice quote. If we posit that a Roman road left the city at the Roman gate of Aldgate, using computer logic, there must be a finite number of routes it could have taken, therefore there is at least a possibility that it took the Whitechapel Road route. I'm off to the library, be back soon... Colin4C 09:51, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Right ... well I found you a reference. The Roman Rd exits the city at Aldgate, but then turns up Petticoat Lane to join Hackney Rd - an ancient trackway. However, of the main rd, ''Its straightness between Aldgate and the junction with the Romford road in West Ham indicates a Roman origin. The name Stratford given to the settlements on both the Middlesex and Essex sides (Stratford Langthorn), in conjunction with the name Old Ford, suggests the existence of two fords and of a metalled road in use with a ford well before the bridge.'' I'll have to rewrite Bow, as well ... Kbthompson 11:26, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Er...just to say that Petticoat Lane does not lead to Hackney Road...If you look in your A-Z you will see that its leads to Bishopsgate...I have never heard that Petticoat Lane (aka Middlesex Street) is of Roman origin....Where is your reference?
 * And just to say (back from the library...) that I have found TWO references which provide SOME confirmation of what I was saying earlier. This from 'London: City of the Romans' (1983) by Ralph Merrifield:

''The road to Camulodunum (Colchester) was...accomodated by Aldgate...Beyond Aldgate traces of gravel metalling have been found on natural clay 10ft (3m) below the present street level of Aldgate High Street, which presumably follows its line. Its course EASTWARD of Whitechapel High Street is quite unknown, however, until the approach to the Lea crossing at Old Ford was reached'' (page 123).
 * The above quote implies that Whitechapel High Street follows the course of this old Roman Road. From another book 'Medieval London Suburbs' (1978) by K.G.T. McDonnel I further discover:

The [Roman] road ran from Aldgate to Old Ford, crossed the Lea there and went on to Stratford Langthorne, whence one branch went into Essex and the other turned north-eastwards towards East Anglia. It seems Old Ford was the junction between this road and the northern Old-Street-Hackney Road Roman by-pass. However McDonnel further comments (pages 68-9) that this old route via Old Ford was abandoned in the 12th century and a new route to the east was established via Bow Bridge and Bromley. 'Old Ford' as a crossing was deemed to dangerous and a new bridge was built at Bow.
 * Now.....looking at my 'Geographer's Map of Greater London' spread out in front of me it seems that the eastern part of contemporary Whitechapel High Street (east of Vallance Road) is deviating to the south of a putative straight (Roman) alignment towards Old Ford and is heading towards towards the 12th century onwards Bow Bridge. So its all more simple and complicated than we thought....Colin4C 12:27, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Ah, I thought I'd read the Middlesex St ref in BG comms, but I can't find it. It did however, form the extra-mural road. My later quotation (from BG comms) supports the notion that the road led to Old Ford, but infers a second ford at Bow Bridge - probably only usable at some states of the tide. The ref to BG comms (that I placed in the article) supports the notion that WHS has a Roman origin - so, what are we arguing about now? This page is getting overly long, shall I adapt it for auto archiving? Kbthompson 13:02, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not arguing: just trying to make sense out of the geography of East London...(just to add though that I don't think that a book about Bethnal Green is necessarily the ideal way for discovering something about Towers Hamlets)...As for your last point I refuse to get drawn into the 'how long is a piece of string' argument, no matter how much you provoke me...(JOKE) Colin4C 17:04, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Cite sources
Please can people remember to make it a priority to cite sources in the appropriate form for all material added to date as well as any new material. Cosmopolitancats 00:09, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I have reverted your unnecessary edits: material here is cited. Try to be more creative with your time and energy! Colin4C 11:18, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

It's not cited according to wikipedia standards. Links to separate wikipedia pages does not meet verifiability requirements. If you disagree, please refer to the Talk:Bow, London page for an explanation of this point by an Administrator. Cosmopolitancats 11:30, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

For further reference, please note the official guideline Citing sourcesand WP:CITE Cosmopolitancats 11:37, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * This page DOES cite sources. I don't see what your problem is and I don't need your advice on wikipedia guidelines. This article is one of wikipedia's best and does not need to be disfigured by otiose citation notes. Do you have any positive information on Whitechapel or are you just one of those people who revel in negativity and pedantry? Colin4C 11:42, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry you find the need to respond as you do. 'Best' is an assessment that can only be made after a structured evaluation.  So far as I am aware this article has never been subjected to a wikipedia evaluation as it has no assessed standard attributed to it.  Would you like me to get somebody to assess it to clarify whether you or I are correct in our assertions.  Alternatively I could ask User:JPD the administrator who reviewed and commented on sourcing for the Bow, London article and its citation to review this one also and advise.  Maybe that would be best?  For the record I'm certainly not denying that a lot of good work has gone into this article, nor that most of it can be verified from reliable sources.  I'm only suggesting that the approach to sourcing does not conform to wikipedia standards and that this article could get a better assessed grade when it is assessed if it did. Cosmopolitancats 12:12, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not claiming to be authoritative or anything, but while the article is indeed quite good, it could definitely be improved by citing more sources. Putting general tags at the top is not necessarily the best way to achieve this, and arguing about it here is definitely less productive than actually finding the references. It woudl be more helpful to add footnotes to soem of the statements in the article. Having said that, inline citations are often over-emphasised - it would even be good to simply relable some of the external links as references, if they were indeed used as such. JPD (talk) 16:37, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Jack the Ripper
The serial killer known as 'Jack the Ripper' has been called such from 1st October 1888, in the midst of the cycle of killings up to the present day. The horrible death of Mary Kelly was ascribed to 'Jack the Ripper' by contemporaries at the time in 1888. There were eleven murders in total known as the 'Whitechapel Murders'(1888-91) in the police files, however they were almost certainly not committed by one single 'Whitechapel Murderer'. Also the first two murders in the sequence attributed to the 'Whitechapel Murderer', were almost certainly not committed by the serial killer known as 'Jack the Ripper'. The first was indeed probably commited by a gang. Therefore it is imprecise and misleading to equate a putative and most probably non-existent single 'Whitechapel Murderer' with the serial killer known as 'Jack the Ripper'. 'The Whitechapel Murderer' is an inaccurate expansion of meaning of the term 'Whitechapel Murders'. For instance are all the murders committed in London this year the work of the 'London Murderer'? It is illogical....Whereas there was a serial killer 'known as' 'Jack the Ripper' who was almost certainly responsible for 5 of the the total of 11 Whitechapel Murders. Jack the Ripper was of course not his real name, but there was a single person behind at least 5 of the Whitechapel murders. Similarly the 'Yorkshire Ripper' has been equated with Peter Sutcliffe. Its a question of semantics....Colin4C 11:04, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

This is what I wrote about the Whitechapel Murders on the Jack the Ripper page of the wikipedia before a pair of the editors there made it their business that it should deleted and worked tirelessly day and night reverting it. Anyway make your own mind up. People who have known me long on the wikipedia usually give me SOME credit for knowledge about a subject I have studied for many years:

The Whitechapel murders were a series of eleven unsolved brutal murders of women committed in Whitechapel, London between 1888 and 1891. Some or all of them have been ascribed to the mysterious individual known as Jack the Ripper.

The Murders 1. Emma Elizabeth Smith, born c 1843, was attacked in Osborn Street, Whitechapel April 3, 1888, and a blunt object was inserted into her vagina, rupturing her perineum. She survived the attack and managed to walk back to her lodging house with the injuries. Friends brought her to a hospital where she told police that she was attacked by two or three men, one of whom was a teenager. She fell into a coma and died on April 5, 1888. This was the first 'Whitechapel Murder', noted in contemporary police files.

2. Martha Tabram (name sometimes misspelled as Tabran; used the alias Emma Turner; maiden name Martha White), born on May 10, 1849, and killed on August 7, 1888. She had a total of 39 stab wounds. Of the non-canonical Whitechapel murders, Tabram is named most often as another possible Ripper victim, owing to the evident lack of obvious motive, the geographical and periodic proximity to the canonical attacks, and the remarkable savagery of the attack. The main difficulty with including Tabram is that the killer used a somewhat different modus operandi (stabbing, rather than slashing the throat and then cutting), but it is now accepted that a killer's modus operandi can change, sometimes quite dramatically. Her body was found at George Yard Buildings, George Yard, Whitechapel.

3. Mary Ann Nichols (maiden name Mary Ann Walker, nicknamed "Polly"), born on August 26, 1845, and killed on Friday, August 31, 1888. Nichols' body was discovered at about 3:40 in the early morning on the ground in front of a gated stable entrance in Buck's Row (since renamed Durward Street), a back street in Whitechapel two hundred yards from the London Hospital.

4. Annie Chapman (maiden name Eliza Ann Smith, nicknamed "Dark Annie"), born in September 1841 and killed on Saturday, September 8, 1888. Chapman's body was discovered about 6:00 in the morning lying on the ground near a doorway in the back yard of 29 Hanbury Street, Spitalfields.

5. Elizabeth Stride (maiden name Elisabeth Gustafsdotter, nicknamed "Long Liz"), born in Sweden on November 27, 1843, and killed on Sunday, September 30, 1888. Stride's body was discovered close to 01:00 in the early morning, lying on the ground in Dutfield's Yard, off Berner Street (since renamed Henriques Street) in Whitechapel.

6. Catherine Eddowes (used the aliases "Kate Conway" and "Mary Ann Kelly," from the surnames of her two common-law husbands Thomas Conway and John Kelly), born on April 14, 1842, and killed on Sunday, September 30, 1888, on the same day as the previous victim, Elizabeth Stride. Ripperologists refer to this circumstance as the "double event". Her body was found in Mitre Square, in the City of London.

7. Mary Jane Kelly (called herself "Marie Jeanette Kelly" after a trip to Paris, nicknamed "Ginger"), reportedly born in either the city of Limerick or County Limerick, Munster, Ireland ca. 1863 and killed on Friday, November 9, 1888. Kelly's gruesomely mutilated body was discovered shortly after 10:45 am lying on the bed in the single room where she lived at 13 Miller's Court, off Dorset Street, Spitalfields.

8. Rose Mylett (true name probably Catherine Mylett, but was also known as Catherine Millett, Elizabeth "Drunken Lizzie" Davis, "Fair" Alice Downey or simply "Fair Clara"), born in 1862 and died on December 20, 1888. She was reportedly strangled "by a cord drawn tightly round the neck", though some investigators believed that she had accidentally suffocated herself on the collar of her dress while in a drunken stupor. Her body was found in Clarke's Yard, High Street, Poplar.

9. Alice McKenzie (nicknamed "Clay Pipe" Alice and used the alias Alice Bryant), born circa 1849 and killed on July 17, 1889. She died reportedly from the "severance of the left carotid artery" but several minor bruises and cuts were found on the body. Her body was found in Castle Alley, Whitechapel.

10. "The Pinchin Street Murder", a term coined after a torso was found in similar condition to the body which constituted "The Whitehall Mystery", though the hands were not severed, on September 10, 1889. The body was found under a railway arch in Pinchin Street, Whitechapel. An unconfirmed speculation of the time was that the body belonged to Lydia Hart, a prostitute who had disappeared. "The Whitehall Mystery" and "The Pinchin Street Murder" have often been suggested to be the works of a serial killer, for which the nicknames "Torso Killer" or "Torso Murderer" have been suggested. Whether Jack the Ripper and the "Torso Killer" were the same person or separate serial killers of uncertain connection to each other (but active in the same area) has long been debated by Ripperologists.

11. Frances Coles (also known as Frances Coleman, Frances Hawkins and nicknamed "Carrotty Nell"), born in 1865 and killed on February 13, 1891. Minor wounds on the back of the head suggest that she was thrown violently to the ground before her throat was cut. Otherwise there were no mutilations to the body. Her body was found under a railway arch, Swallow Gardens, Whitechapel. After this eleventh and last 'Whitechapel Murder' the case was closed.

The Police Investigation The investigation into the Whitechapel murders was initially conducted by Whitechapel (H) Division C.I.D. headed by Detective Inspector Edmund Reid. After the Nichols murder Detective Inspectors Frederick Abberline, Henry Moore and Walter Andrews were sent from Central Office at Scotland Yard to assist. After the Eddowes murder, which occurred within the City of London, the City Police under Detective Inspector James McWilliam were also engaged. The murderer or murderers were never found and the case remains unsolved to this day.

References Stewart P. Evans and Donald Rumbelow (2006) Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates. Sutton: Stroud.

Canard
It is something of a common canard to claim that the East End is downwind of the City. Winds tend to be somewhat variable, and the most polluting occasions both in modern times, and historically, occur when there's no wind and a temperature inversion keeps the smog within the confines of the city streets and the wider Thames valley. The East End is downriver - but that doesn't really affect Whitechapel, and anyway the greater volume of water coming in downstream pushes a lot of that muck back up where it came from - that's why Bazelgette sited his works at Beckton.

The phrase as stands conveys what is needed to be said, without controversy.

I think both Alan Palmer The East End, John Murray, London (1989), and William J. Fishman, East End 1888: Life in a London Borough Among the Labouring Poor (1989) highlight and dispute the canard - but if you've got reputable evidence to the contrary ... Cheers Kbthompson 22:47, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, you've already called it a canard, so just how reputable must my source be to overcome your position? When I included that tidbit in the original Whitechapel article back in `03, I was channeling a British university prof. who'd been interviewed in a TV documentary on the unearthing of Roman corpses from East End locales. Presumably he would be reputable enough, but I didn't take down his name. A quick Google search turns up dozens of folks making the claim, but perhaps they've all bought into this "common canard"... One thing I do know is that winds are quite unmistakably prevailing west-to-east at London, or perhaps our ideas of "prevailing" differ. What would qualify as prevailing to you? 60%, 70?, 80? JDG

 * What would an archaeologist know about prevailing winds? I was on that dig, by the way, digging up Roman skeletons behind the Providence Row Hostel in Spitalfields. The latter was allegedly haunted by the ghost of Mary Kelly, though I never saw her...Anyway better sign off as I perceive a grey shadow looming up behind me...Colin4C 19:40, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

And there was me thinking I was changing something, explaining it and providing references. No offence intended, and I apologise for any taken. I looked for a modern on-line reference and the nearest seemed to be related to GLA incinerator patterns, which were a bit partisan, but indicated wind patterns to be ovoid SW-NE (mainly to cover as much population as possible). In Tudor times, the 'stink' industries were indeed located around Whitechapel, but by the early 19th they'd been banished to Essex, with most of Middlesex being small scale manufactury, such as furniture, boot making (often in private houses), brewing - but that needed to be near its markets. You're correct to say that over the British Isles the prevailing winds are westerly, but the thames valley has this enormous river up the middle, so within the tidal part, the predominant effect is warm to cold (i.e off land in day, off river at night). I searched the Met Office site, they have the information, and will sell it to you - but it's not free. There's a fact sheet on London Smogs, but nothing on winds. I think Colin's just on something ... Kbthompson 20:32, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Ironically the worst wind which afflicted London was the NE wind which blew the Great Fire of London in a westerly direction from Pudding Lane near Eastcheap as far as Whitefriars, burning all the grand public buildings of the City and leaving the crummy East-End dwellings untouched. Colin4C 10:03, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * There was something about the Whitechapel Bell Foundry being a replacement for one destroyed by the fire. I think originally it was at Aldgate, and this one provided larger premises to their buildings on the North side of the road at the same site - but when did they move from Aldgate - was that fire related? BurlingtonBertie 14:29, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The Aldgate and Whitechapel area were unaffected by the Great Fire of London: see map at that latter article. As for a foundry catching fire, I guess that that was not an uncommon occurence considering the nature of that particular industrial process. Colin4C 10:02, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Unclear sentence

 * Until 1985 a large purpose built mosque with a dome and minaret was built in the heart of Whitechapel, attracting thousands of worshippers every week, until it was further expanded with the London Muslim Centre in 2004.[10]

What is meant there? I suspect a broken transition from the previous sentence... --Jim Henry (talk) 22:26, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Literature
Check Virginia Woolf's Flush! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.176.178.184 (talk) 21:22, 27 August 2012 (UTC)

Layout
On my display at present, the section heading Literature appears superimposed over the photo of the East London Mosque. Going into edit mode, I can't really see what the problem is (just too many images further up the page?). Anyway, it looks pretty dreadful: can somebody try to fix it? Thanks. GrindtXX (talk) 01:16, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Whitechapel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120525050352/http://www1.salvationarmy.org/heritage.nsf/titles/1878_Foundation_Deed_Of_The_Salvation_Army to http://www1.salvationarmy.org/heritage.nsf/titles/1878_Foundation_Deed_Of_The_Salvation_Army
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140429204751/http://www.ajplus.co.uk/b_bank/search_results_details/?report_ID=7048 to http://www.ajplus.co.uk/b_bank/search_results_details/?report_ID=7048
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120313220740/http://www.onetowerhamlets.net/your_local_area/consultations/june_2010/whitechapel_station.aspx to http://www.onetowerhamlets.net/your_local_area/consultations/june_2010/whitechapel_station.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:46, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

Middlesex No Longer Exists
This edit: of 9 August this year introduced text that does not conform to WP:UKCOUNTIES. I reverted the text to the long standing version pre 9 August. The editor who added this has now reverted it back in. Per WP:BRD this should be discussed, although the editor is aware from elsewhere that the consensus and the guidelines are that we do not talk about historic counties, in wikivoice, as though they still exist within their traditional borders. Reverting the wrong and challenged version back in is not helpful. You may wish to find a version of the ext that meets the agreed consensus, or else I ask you to self revert it back out again. Thanks. Sirfurboy🏄 (talk) 08:20, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whitechapel


text:
Tallahatchie County, Mississippi

Tallahatchie County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. At the 2020 census, the population was 12,715. Its county seats are Charleston and Sumner.

Tallahatchie County is located in the Mississippi Delta region, divided by the Tallahatchie River which runs from north to south through the county before joining what becomes the Yazoo River in LeFlore County.

History
The county was founded on December 31, 1833, after most of the Choctaw Nation was forced out under Indian Removal. Tallahatchie is a Choctaw name meaning "rock river". The county is one of 10 in Mississippi with two county seats: Charleston on the east side of the river and Sumner on the west side. Charleston was the first county seat. Sumner was organized later in 1872 in the district to the west and has always been smaller in population.

Charleston was founded by European Americans in 1837, but its history antedates that. Settlers who were there illegally had developed five communities along the forks of Tillatoba Creek.

In 1833 the federal government opened the land for settlement by European Americans after the Choctaw were relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, in what is now Oklahoma. Ancient Indian trails led through the county at the time. Most of the settlers entered the county over what was called Charley's Trace, an Indian trail that came across east from the Mississippi River and entered the hills about where Leverett is now located. Here the trail merged with a trail from the south and passed near the present site of Charleston.

Colonel Thomas Bailey came from Kentucky and formed the first European-American settlement on the north fork of the creek, which was about five miles to the northeast. He was later joined by James Bailey, Samuel Caruthers, William Flemming, M. Johnson, Willam Kendrick, Robert Thrasher, A. Patterson, and Kinchen Mayo, who extended the settlement along the creek toward the Junction. Another settlement was started by the Priddys, the J. Houstons, Cade Alford, and the Carson family, who extended the settlement along the creek to the junction of three forks.

DeKalb and Tillatoba were founded on the north fork of the creek just west of the present town. Both towns wanted to be county seat of Tallahatchie, and Tillatoba gained the distinction. In 1837 the Board of Police found it necessary to abandon Tillatoba.

A section of unsettled land lay at the heart of the first five settlements. Under the Dancing Rabbit Treaty of 1830, this section of land had been granted to Greenwood LeFlore, the leading Choctaw chief. He stayed in Mississippi on his land after most of his people moved to Indian Territory.

J.S. Topp & Co. had acquired this section of land and proposed to build the town of Charleston (named for Charleston, South Carolina). He hoped to have this designated as the permanent county seat. In 1843 the county seat fight flared up again. The board voted to abandon Charleston, but Mr. Steel, president of the Board of Police, refused to sign the minutes which killed the rally.

J.B. Sumner moved to this section in 1872 and founded what is now Sumner. The present site was a dense forest. He donated land for the railroad right-of-way, railroad park, and courthouse square and jail lot. The next year Presbyterians erected Maria Church. From 1882 through 1884 disastrous floods and overflows of the Tallahatchie River forced the people of Sumner to go by boat for supplies to Webb (which was at the time called Hood). A post office was established in 1885, and the town incorporated in 1900.

The first county court house in Sumner was built in 1902; it was destroyed by fire in 1908. The records were saved, but in 1909 the entire business section of the town burned, and all records were destroyed. From 1931 through 1933, floods inundated thousands of acres of farmland and destroyed much property.

Sumner's county courthouse was the site of the 1955 murder trial of two white men, J.W. Milam and Roy Bryant, accused in the lynching and murder of Emmett Till that year in adjoining Leflore County. They were acquitted by an all-white jury of the murder of Till, a teenage African-American boy from Chicago. In 1990, the courthouse was designated as a state landmark by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History.

That same year, in nearby Glendora, Mississippi, resident Elmer Kimbrell shot and killed African-American Clinton Melton in front of three witnesses after an argument about how much gas Melton pumped into Kimbrell's car. He was acquitted after a short trial. Shortly before this murder, Kimbrell was involved in the Emmett Till murder.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 652 sqmi, of which 645 sqmi is land and 6.9 sqmi (1.1%) is water. The county is intersected by the Tallahatchie River.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 49.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 49
 * [[Image:Circle sign 3.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 3
 * [[Image:Circle sign 8.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 8
 * [[Image:Circle sign 32.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 32
 * [[Image:Circle sign 35.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 35

Adjacent counties

 * Quitman County (north)
 * Panola County (northeast)
 * Yalobusha County (east)
 * Grenada County (southeast)
 * Leflore County (south)
 * Sunflower County (southwest)
 * Coahoma County (northwest)

National protected areas

 * Coldwater River National Wildlife Refuge (part)
 * Tallahatchie National Wildlife Refuge (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 12,715 people, 4,369 households, and 2,775 families residing in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 15,378 people living in the county. 56.4% were Black or African American, 38.9% White, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.4% of some other race and 1.2% of two or more races. 5.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,903 people, 5,263 households, and 3,826 families living in the county. The population density was 23 /mi2. There were 5,711 housing units at an average density of 9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 59.43% Black or African American, 39.62% White, 0.09% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. 0.92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,263 households, out of which 34.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.50% were married couples living together, 23.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.30% were non-families. 24.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.36.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 30.00% under the age of 18, 10.00% from 18 to 24, 25.90% from 25 to 44, 20.90% from 45 to 64, and 13.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 87.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $22,229, and the median income for a family was $26,509. Males had a median income of $24,766 versus $18,972 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,749. About 26.80% of families and 32.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.80% of those under age 18 and 27.80% of those age 65 or over.

Tallahatchie County has the fourth lowest per capita income in Mississippi and the 46th lowest in the United States.

Government and infrastructure

Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility, a private prison operated by the Corrections Corporation of America on behalf of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, is located in an unincorporated area in the county, near Tutwiler. As of 2010 the prison serves as the Tallahatchie County's jail facility, in addition to housing prison inmates sentenced in California.

Education

 * Public School Districts
 * East Tallahatchie School District (Charleston)
 * Charleston High School
 * West Tallahatchie School District (Webb)
 * West Tallahatchie High School
 * '''Private Schools (None)
 * Strider Academy (closed in 2018)

Coahoma Community College is the designated community college.

City

 * Charleston (county seat)

Towns

 * Sumner (county seat)
 * Tutwiler
 * Webb

Village

 * Glendora

Unincorporated communities

 * Brazil
 * Cascilla
 * Cowart
 * Effie
 * Enid
 * Leverett
 * Macel
 * Minter City (partly in Leflore County)
 * Paynes
 * Philipp
 * Sharkey
 * Swan Lake
 * Teasdale
 * Tippo
 * Vance (partly in Quitman County)
 * Whitehead

Ghost towns

 * Crevi
 * Midway
 * Murphreesboro
 * Needmore

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tallahatchie County, Mississippi


text:
Sunflower County, Mississippi

Sunflower County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,971. Its largest city and county seat is Indianola.

Sunflower County comprises the Indianola, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Cleveland-Indianola, MS Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Mississippi Delta region.

Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman Farm) is located in Sunflower County.

History
Sunflower County was created in 1844. The land mass encompassed most of Sunflower and Leflore Counties as we know them today. The first seat of government was Clayton, located near Fort Pemberton. Later the county seat was moved to McNutt, also in present-day Leflore County. When Sunflower and Leflore counties were separated in 1871, the new county seat for Sunflower County was moved to Johnsonville. This village was located where the north end of Mound Bayou empties into the Sunflower River. In 1882 the county seat was moved to Eureka, which was later renamed Indianola. Boyer Cemetery, located in Boyer, goes back to the early days of Sunflower County.

After the U.S. Civil War, across several decades African Americans migrated to Sunflower County to work in the Mississippi Delta. In 1870, 3,243 black people lived in Sunflower County. This increased to 12,070 in 1900, making up 75% of the residents in Sunflower County. Between 1900 and 1920, the black population almost tripled.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 707 sqmi, of which 698 sqmi is land and 9.2 sqmi (1.3%) is water. Sunflower County is the longest county in Mississippi. The traveling distance from the southern boundary at Caile to its northern boundary at Rome is approximately 71 miles.

The center of the county is about 30 mi east of the Mississippi River, about 40 mi west of the hill section of Mississippi, 100 mi north of Jackson, and about 100 mi south of Memphis, Tennessee.

Adjacent counties

 * Coahoma County (north)
 * Tallahatchie County (northeast)
 * Leflore County (east)
 * Humphreys County (south)
 * Washington County (southwest)
 * Bolivar County (northwest)

Demographics
The county reached its peak population in 1930. After that, population declined from 1940 to 1990. There was considerable migration out of the rural county, especially as mechanization reduced the need for farm labor. Both whites and blacks left the county. Many African Americans migrated north or west to industrial cities to escape the social oppression and violence of Jim Crow, especially moving in the Great Migration during and after World War II, when the defense industry on the West Coast attracted many.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 25,971 people, 8,322 households, and 5,292 families residing in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 29,450 people living in the county. 72.9% were black or African American, 25.4% white, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% of some other race and 0.5% of two or more races. 1.4% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 34,369 people, 9,637 households, and 7,314 families living in the county. The population density was 50 /mi2. There were 10,338 housing units at an average density of 15 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 69.86% Black or African American, 28.88% White, 0.09% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.48% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. 1.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

1990 census
As of the census of 1990, there were 32,341 people. The racial makeup of the county was 71.89% Black or African American, 26.40% White or European American, 0.12% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.50% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. 1.31% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

1980 census
As of the census of 1980, there were 30,402 people. The racial makeup of the county was 73.88% Black or African American, 24.45% White or European American, 0.15% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. 1.32% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census of 2000, there were 9,637 households, out of which 38.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.30% were married couples living together, 28.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.10% were non-families. 21.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.50.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.90% under the age of 18, 14.00% from 18 to 24, 30.30% from 25 to 44, 18.10% from 45 to 64, and 9.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 115.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $24,970, and the median income for a family was $29,144. Males had a median income of $26,208 versus $19,145 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,365. About 24.60% of families and 30.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.50% of those under age 18 and 24.10% of those age 65 or over.

Sunflower County has the ninth-lowest per capita income in Mississippi and the 72nd-lowest in the United States.

Government

The Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) is responsible for the state's correctional services, probation services, and parole services. MDOC operates the Mississippi State Penitentiary (MSP; colloquially known as 'Parchman Farm') in the unincorporated community of Parchman in Sunflower County and a probation and parole office in the Courthouse Annex in Indianola.

MSP, a prison for men, is the location of the State of Mississippi male death row and the State of Mississippi execution chamber. Around the time of MSP's opening in 1901, Sunflower County residents objected to having executions performed at MSP because they feared that Sunflower County would be stigmatized as a "death county". Therefore, the State of Mississippi originally performed executions of condemned criminals in their counties of conviction. By the 1950s residents of Sunflower County were still opposed to the concept of housing the execution chamber at MSP. In September 1954, Governor Hugh White called for a special session of the Mississippi Legislature to discuss the application of the death penalty. During that year, an execution chamber was installed at MSP.

Economy
In December 2011, Sunflower County's unemployment rate was 16.2%. The Mississippi statewide rate was 9.9%, and the U.S. overall unemployment rate was 8.3%. it was one of the poorest counties in the United States.

Major highways

 * US 49W.svg U.S. Highway 49W
 * US 82.svg U.S. Highway 82
 * Circle sign 3.svg Mississippi Highway 3
 * Circle sign 8.svg Mississippi Highway 8
 * Circle sign 32.svg Mississippi Highway 32

Airports
Two airports are located in unincorporated Sunflower County. Indianola Municipal Airport, near Indianola, is operated by the city. Ruleville-Drew Airport, between Drew and Ruleville, is jointly operated by the two cities.

Colleges and universities
Mississippi Delta Community College has a main campus in Moorhead and other locations.

Public schools
Between 2010 and 2012, the State of Mississippi had taken over all three Sunflower County school districts and put them under the conservatorship of the Mississippi Department of Education, due to academic and financial reasons. In February 2012, the Mississippi Senate voted 43–4 to pass Senate Bill 2330, to consolidate the three school districts into one school district. The bill went to the Mississippi House of Representatives.
 * Public School Districts
 * Sunflower County Consolidated School District - The district is the only school district in Sunflower County.
 * Former districts: Drew School District, Indianola School District, Sunflower County School District

The Greenwood Commonwealth said that the county was an "easy target" for school merging due to the difficulties in all three school districts, and that the scenario "doesn't leave them with much leverage to argue in favor of the status quo. And because none of them does well, none of them can object to assuming someone else's headaches. All three are beset with them." Later that month, the State Board of Education approved the consolidation of the Drew School District and the Sunflower County School District, and if Senate Bill 2330 is approved, Indianola School District will be added.

In May 2012 Governor of Mississippi Phil Bryant signed the bill into law, requiring all three districts to consolidate. SB2330 stipulates that if a county has three school districts all under conservatorship by the Mississippi Department of Education will have them consolidated into one school district serving the entire county. As of July 1, 2012, the Drew School District was consolidated with the Sunflower County School District.

Private schools

 * Private School
 * Indianola Academy (Indianola)
 * North Sunflower Academy (Unincorporated area)
 * Restoration Ministries Christian Academy

The Central Delta Academy in Inverness closed on May 21, 2010.

All three of the private schools originated as segregation academies.

Pillow Academy in unincorporated Leflore County, near Greenwood, enrolls some students from Sunflower County. It originally was a segregation academy.

Public libraries
The Sunflower County Library provides library services. The administration is in Indianola, and the system operates libraries in Drew, Indianola, Inverness, Moorhead, and Ruleville.

Media
The Enterprise-Tocsin, a newspaper based out of Indianola, is distributed throughout Sunflower County. The Bolivar Commercial is also distributed in Sunflower County.

Communities
J. Todd Moye, author of Let the People Decide: Black Freedom and White Resistance Movements in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1945-1986, said "Sunflower County has always been overwhelmingly rural." At the end of the 20th century, the county had just four "main towns of any size".

Cities

 * Indianola (county seat)
 * Drew
 * Moorhead
 * Ruleville
 * Shaw (mostly in Bolivar County)

Towns

 * Doddsville
 * Inverness
 * Sunflower

Unincorporated communities

 * Baird
 * Baltzer
 * Blaine
 * Boyer
 * Caile
 * Dockery
 * Fairview
 * Heathman
 * Holly Ridge
 * Kinlock
 * Linn
 * Lombardy
 * Minot
 * Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman)
 * Rome
 * Roundaway
 * Steiner
 * Stephenville

Ghost towns

 * Cottondale
 * Inwood
 * Promised Land

Notable people

 * Jerry Butler (singer & Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee, born 1939)
 * Willie Best (actor, 1916–1962)
 * Craig Claiborne (New York Times food editor, 1920-2000)
 * James Eastland (U.S. Senator from Mississippi, 1904–1986)
 * C. L. Franklin, father of Aretha Franklin (minister, civil rights activist, 1915–1984)
 * Fannie Lou Hamer (civil rights activist, 1917–1977)
 * B.B. King (bluesman, 1925–2015)
 * Sam Lacey (retired NBA basketball player, 1948–present)
 * Archie Manning (NFL quarterback, 1971–1984)
 * Charlie Patton (bluesman, 1891–1934)
 * Johnny Russell (country singer)

title: Sunflower County, Mississippi


text:
Talk:Willesden

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title: Talk:Willesden


text:
Stone County, Mississippi

Stone County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,333. Its county seat is Wiggins. Stone County was formed from the northern portion of Harrison County on June 5, 1916. The county was named for John M. Stone, who served as Governor of Mississippi from 1876 to 1882 and again from 1890 to 1896.

Stone County is included in the Gulfport-Biloxi, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1918, the Stone County Courthouse was completed at a cost of $29,515.18, and is still in use today, after several renovations.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 448 sqmi, of which 445 sqmi is land and 2.6 sqmi (0.6%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 49.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 49
 * [[Image:Circle sign 15.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 15
 * [[Image:Circle sign 26.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 26
 * [[Image:Circle sign 29.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 29

Adjacent counties

 * Perry County (northeast)
 * George County (east)
 * Jackson County (southeast)
 * Harrison County (south)
 * Pearl River County (west)
 * Forrest County (northwest)

National protected areas

 * De Soto National Forest (part)
 * Sweetbay Bogs Preserve

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 18,333 people, 6,334 households, and 4,560 families residing in the county.

Arts and culture
On April 25, during the 2012 regular session of the Mississippi Legislature, Concurrent Resolution 643 was adopted by the state Senate and state House of Representatives, stating that Stone County be named and declared the Mural County of Mississippi. During the previous 8 years, a Telling Trees Project was developed in Stone County to document and celebrate Stone County's history and heritage. As part of that project, 23 murals, in the form of paintings and mosaic tiles, were created in cooperation with the Art Department, Perkinston campus of Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College and are on public display throughout the county. The murals tell visual stories of Stone County's ecosystems, people, landmarks, and industries.

Cities

 * Wiggins (county seat)

Census-designated place

 * Bond

Unincorporated communities

 * Beatrice
 * Big Level
 * McHenry
 * Perkinston
 * Ramsey Springs
 * Silver Run
 * Ten Mile
 * Texas

Public school districts

 * Stone County School District

Colleges

 * Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College, Perkinston Campus

title: Stone County, Mississippi


text:
Smith County, Mississippi

Smith County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,209. Its county seat is Raleigh.

History
Smith County is named for Major David Smith.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 637 sqmi, of which 636 sqmi is land and 1.0 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:Circle sign 13.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 13
 * [[Image:Circle sign 18.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 18
 * [[Image:Circle sign 28.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 28
 * [[Image:Circle sign 35.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 35
 * [[Image:Circle sign 37.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 37
 * [[Image:Circle sign 540.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 540
 * [[Image:Circle sign 481.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 481
 * [[Image:Circle sign 501.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 501
 * [[Image:Circle sign 902.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 902

Adjacent counties

 * Scott County (north)
 * Jasper County (east)
 * Jones County (southeast)
 * Covington County (south)
 * Simpson County (west)
 * Rankin County (northwest)

National protected area

 * Bienville National Forest (part)

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 14,209 people, 5,820 households, and 4,109 families residing in the county.

Towns

 * Mize
 * Raleigh (county seat)
 * Taylorsville
 * Polkville

Village

 * Sylvarena

title: Smith County, Mississippi


text:
Talk:Wimbledon, London

Add coat of arms?
Should the Infobox include the coat of arms? --GhostInTheMachine (talk) 01:48, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

Merge school
Wimbledon Chase Primary School is pretty much a non-notable primary school and I have suggested that it be merged to Wimbledon as per AFD Outcomes for schools. Atlas-maker (talk) 21:21, 15 December 2013 (UTC)

House of Eliot
George Eliot, world famous novelist lived in 31 Wimbledon Park Road - is this considered to be in Wimbledon? Straw Cat (talk) 02:30, 21 December 2013 (UTC)

Pronunciation
I have heard several people pronounce this (in the context of the tennis tournament) as "wimbleTon". I was unsure whether this was incorrect or whether there was some possibility of it having some historical basis (as in pronouncing Davies as "davIS"). Until now I'd assumed that the -don ending was a variant of -ton (=town). But apparently it might actually have meant hill. So then maybe it's an error due to subconscious confusion with other names with the similar ending of -ton, or an incorrect folk etymology? —DIV (120.17.7.116 (talk) 11:49, 10 July 2018 (UTC))

Requested move 1 January 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved: I’ve closed this; There is little or no support for this proposal, and there have been no further comments for seven days. I would suggest, though, that there is no consensus for moving the disambiguation page; That should be a separate proposal. (non-admin closure) Xyl 54 (talk) 08:12, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

– I believe Wimbledon, London qualifies as a WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for Wimbledon. While the other main link is The Championships, Wimbledon, that tournament clearly has the name Championships in it so it is already well disambiguated. I will also add that:
 * Wimbledon, London → Wimbledon
 * Wimbledon → Wimbledon (disambiguation)
 * Eton is a disambiguation page for good reason - because it is very popularly referred to the college. The town of Eton, Berkshire however is a small place with little notability, as can be seen on its article. Wimbledon, London on the other hand is different, it is a relatively large article with a high amount of information about the history, locality and sports.
 * Twickenham, Wembley and Glastonbury all link directly to their towns, not the stadia or festival respectively. All three of those articles are large and detailed (proving notability) just like Wimbledon, London (and unlike Eton, Berkshire).
 * Consistency with the three articles above (i.e. notable settlements, distinct from stadia/events). Jf81 (talk) 18:37, 1 January 2021 (UTC) —Relisting. — Nnadigoodluck  █ █ █ 07:39, 9 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Note: Wimbledon titles a dab page with significant content and so is ineligible as a new page title unless it is also proposed to be renamed. This request has been altered to reflect that fact.  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 23:28, 1 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Weak support the film does get slightly more views (6,718) than the place (6,496) however like Glastonbury the championships and film refer to the suburb therefore WP:DABCONCEPT probably applies.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 18:42, 1 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose. The tennis tournament has far more views than the town, and is popularly known as "Wimbledon".  O.N.R.  (talk) 20:12, 1 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I'll have to disagree there. Take a look at the likes of Wembley or Oxford or Glastonbury, that have remained as they are on wiki since forever. Liverpool F.C. also gets multiple times more views than Liverpool as does Leicester City F.C. vs Leicester. If the tournament was simply called "Wimbledon" it'd be a different story but it has a full name "The Championships, Wimbledon" that is also represented on its logo. It is distinct. --Jf81 (talk) 20:43, 1 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Was actually surprised to see that the tennis competition isn't the primary topic for Wimbledon. I would support a page move such as...
 * The Championships, Wimbledon → Wimbledon based upon a |Wimbledon,_London pageviews analysis. "Wimbledon" does seem to be the COMMONNAME for the oldest, most prestigious tennis tournament in the world!  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 13:21, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Fwiw, the |The_Championships,_Wimbledon|Wimbledon page-views analysis does seem to support the base name, "Wimbledon", as at the very least a PRIMARYREDIRECT to the tennis matches.  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 19:33, 3 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Paine Ellsworth. I've got no opinion at the moment about moving the article about the tennis tournament, but I am surprised that Wimbledon is not a redirect to it. Thryduulf (talk) 17:47, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The tennis tournament is far and away the primary topic. I would support moving it to the base name as well. -- Calidum  18:07, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per discussion. The tournament seems primary. Randy Kryn (talk) 20:44, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose and oppose alternate suggestions. Leave the disambiguation page at primary. -- Netoholic @ 11:45, 3 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per all the above.  Lugnuts  Fire Walk with Me 09:38, 9 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The Championships, Wimbledon is far more commonly just called Wimbledon. It gets a huge spike when it's held so page view comparisons should be for a full year. It was cancelled in 2020. In 2019 it got 9 times as many hits as Wimbledon, London.|Wimbledon,_London Other comparisons of mentioned examples in 2019 before COVID-19 cancellations: |Glastonbury|Twickenham_Stadium|Twickenham|Wembley_Stadium|Wembley|Leicester_City_F.C.|Leicester|Liverpool|University_of_Oxford|Oxford. All except Wembley Stadium have much smaller ratios, and Wembley hasn't been tested in a requested move. PrimeHunter (talk) 09:55, 9 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Wimbledon, London is fourth with around 6% of the total views.|Wimbledon,_London|Wimbledon_(film)|Wimbledon_F.C.|AFC_Wimbledon|Wimbledon_(UK_Parliament_constituency)|Wimbledon_Stadium PrimeHunter (talk) 11:23, 9 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose The tennis tournament is the primary topic, support moving it to the base name.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 11:12, 9 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose and Snow close leave dab at primary, leave well alone. In ictu oculi (talk) 12:58, 9 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Support the following – Sportsfan77777 (talk) 08:45, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Wimbledon → Wimbledon (disambiguation)
 * Wimbledon itself should be a redirect to The Championships, Wimbledon.
 * The town stays the same.
 * Just to be clear, when you vote Support, you are supporting to have the city moved to Wimbledon. Yet you also suggest moving the tennis tournament to the same page. You should be voting oppose to the "Wimbledon, London → Wimbledon" request if that's the case.  oncamera  (talk page)  09:59, 10 January 2021 (UTC) Sorry, I misinterpreted Support the following with the signature after it, ignore my comment. :)  oncamera   (talk page)  10:01, 10 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose and instead support moving The Championships, Wimbledon → Wimbledon, Wimbledon → Wimbledon (disambiguation).  oncamera  (talk page)  09:59, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose original proposal but the idea put forth by Sportsfan77777 above is intriguing... Wimbledon → Wimbledon (disambiguation), Wimbledon redirect to The Championships, Wimbledon. It's only problem is that while I do believe that the primary topic of the term "Wimbledon" is easily the tennis tournament, there are so many minor terms that use the word... especially three cities in three different countries, a borough, a parish, and a college. It is a little tougher to find those places in Wikipedia under "Wimbledon (disambiguation)" than it is under just "Wimbledon". At least with "Wimbledon" being itself the disambiguation page, the tennis event is prominent at the very top (as it should be). It's a tough call for me. Fyunck(click) (talk) 10:08, 10 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose, but would support Sportsfan77777's proposal of Wimbledon → Wimbledon (disambiguation) and Wimbledon a redirect to The Championships, Wimbledon. I would also support the current status of dab at primary with the current prominence of the tennis tournament at the top of the dab page, since there are many topics associated to the name 'Wimbledon'. Ym2X (talk) 11:46, 10 January 2021 (UTC)

Closed: Little or no support for this proposal: There is support, but no consensus, for moving the disambiguation page. Xyl 54 (talk) 08:12, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Edit Request
Simone de Almeida and James Hunter should be added to the notable residents list because they are Laureates representing Richmond. Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7F:EAD1:7B00:55D2:F733:B8C4:AE41 (talk) 14:30, 16 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wimbledon, London


text:
Simpson County, Mississippi

Simpson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Its western border is formed by the Pearl River, an important transportation route in the 19th century. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,949. The county seat is Mendenhall. The county is named for Josiah Simpson (1787-1817), a territorial judge who also served as a delegate to Mississippi's Constitutional Convention.

Simpson County is part of the Jackson, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 590 sqmi, of which 589 sqmi is land and 1.3 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 49.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 49
 * [[Image:Circle sign 13.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 13
 * [[Image:Circle sign 28.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 28
 * [[Image:Circle sign 43.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 43
 * [[Image:Circle sign 149.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 149

Adjacent counties

 * Rankin County (north)
 * Smith County (east)
 * Covington County (southeast)
 * Jefferson Davis County (south)
 * Lawrence County (southwest)
 * Copiah County (west)

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 25,949 people, 9,486 households, and 6,617 families residing in the county.

Cities

 * Magee
 * Mendenhall

Town

 * D'Lo

Village

 * Braxton

Unincorporated communities

 * Harrisville
 * Merry Hell
 * Pinola
 * Sanatorium

Ghost town

 * Westville

Education
Simpson County School District is the local school district.

title: Simpson County, Mississippi


text:
Sharkey County, Mississippi

Sharkey County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Part of the eastern border is formed by the Yazoo River. According to the 2020 census, the population was 3,800, making it the second-least populous county in Mississippi, after Issaquena County. Its county seat is Rolling Fork. Sharkey County is located in the Mississippi Delta region.

History
The county is named after William L. Sharkey, the provisional Governor of Mississippi in 1865.

Historic weather
On the afternoon of Sunday, February 21, 1971, a large and long-tracked F5 tornado impacted areas of Sharkey County. On March 24, 2023, a high-end EF4 tornado hit the city of Rolling Fork with estimated wind speeds of 195 mph (314kph), causing catastrophic damage throughout the community. The tornado was responsible for 17 fatalities and 165 injuries.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 435 sqmi, of which 432 sqmi is land and 3.4 sqmi (0.8%) is water.

Major highways

 * US 61.svg U.S. Route 61
 * Circle sign 14.svg Mississippi Highway 14
 * Circle sign 16.svg Mississippi Highway 16

Adjacent counties

 * Washington County (north)
 * Humphreys County (northeast)
 * Yazoo County (east)
 * Issaquena County (southwest)

National protected area

 * Delta National Forest
 * Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 3,800 people, 1,751 households, and 1,046 families residing in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 4,916 people living in the county. 71.0% were Black or African American, 27.9% White, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Native American, 0.4% of some other race and 0.4% or two or more races. 0.8% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census
According to the census of 2000, there were 6,580 people, 2,163 households, and 1,589 families living in the county. The population density was 15 /mi2. There were 2,416 housing units at an average density of 6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 69.32% Black or African American, 29.36% White, 0.18% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.27% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. 1.31% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,163 households, out of which 36.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.00% were married couples living together, 26.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.50% were non-families. 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.56.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 33.00% under the age of 18, 10.40% from 18 to 24, 24.80% from 25 to 44, 20.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 88.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $22,285, and the median income for a family was $26,786. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $17,931 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,396. About 30.50% of families and 38.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.00% of those under age 18 and 24.20% of those age 65 or over.

Sharkey County has the tenth-lowest per capita income in Mississippi and the 73rd lowest in the United States.

Education

 * Public School Districts
 * South Delta School District, which operates South Delta High School
 * Private Schools
 * Sharkey-Issaquena Academy (Rolling Fork)

City

 * Rolling Fork (county seat)

Towns

 * Anguilla
 * Cary

Census-designated places

 * Delta City
 * Nitta Yuma
 * Panther Burn

Unincorporated communities

 * Egremont
 * Lorenzen
 * Onward
 * Patmos

Politics
Sharkey County is, like the rest of the Mississippi Delta region, heavily Democratic. It has voted for the Democratic nominee for president in every election since 1976, and no Republican has broken 40% of the vote since George H. W. Bush in 1988.

title: Sharkey County, Mississippi


text:
Scott County, Mississippi

Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,990. Its county seat is Forest. The county is named for Abram M. Scott, the Governor of Mississippi from 1832 to 1833.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 610 sqmi, of which 609 sqmi is land and 1.2 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

It is an approximately 45 minute driving distance from Jackson.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-20.svg|20px]] Interstate 20
 * [[Image:US 80.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 80
 * [[Image:Circle sign 13.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 13
 * [[Image:Circle sign 21.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 21
 * [[Image:Circle sign 35.svg|20px]] Mississippi Highway 35

Adjacent counties

 * Leake County (north)
 * Newton County (east)
 * Smith County (south)
 * Rankin County (west)
 * Madison County (northwest)

National protected area

 * Bienville National Forest (part)

History
This area was developed by European Americans for cotton plantations. After the American Civil War, many freedmen worked as sharecroppers or tenant farmers on the plantations. In 1890 the state legislature disenfranchised most blacks, who were a majority in the state, by creating barriers to voter registration; it also passed Jim Crow laws, treating freedmen and their descendants as second-class citizens.

From 1877 to 1950, there were nine lynchings of blacks in Scott County. It was a form of racial terrorism that was at its height at the turn of the 20th century.

On October 23–25, 1898, a "race war" erupted in Harperville, an unincorporated community in Scott County, after blacks resisted one of their community being arrested for an alleged conflict with his white employer. They fatally shot a white deputy and wounded three others. A mob of whites gathered that night and started hunting down and killing black suspects, killing nine to eleven black men by the end of the following day. Sources vary in the count of fatalities, and some blacks were buried before being identified or counted. The county sheriff arrested some black suspects and took them first to the county seat at Forest, and then to Meridian for their safety. Associated Press and major newspapers covered the events.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 27,990 people, 10,180 households, and 7,015 families residing in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 28,264 people, 10,248 households, and 7,264 families residing in the county. The population density was 46.4 /mi2. There were 11,470 housing units at an average density of 18 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 53.3% White, 37.5% Black or African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.2% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. 10.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino (6.3% Mexican, 1.5% Guatemalan, 0.7% Cuban).

There were 10,183 households, out of which 36.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.80% were married couples living together, 18.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.00% were non-families. 22.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.60% under the age of 18, 9.60% from 18 to 24, 27.90% from 25 to 44, 21.40% from 45 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 94.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,686, and the median income for a family was $31,487. Males had a median income of $26,406 versus $18,459 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,013. About 16.50% of families and 20.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.80% of those under age 18 and 22.70% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Scott County Sheriff's office provides the equivalent of County law enforcement for both unincorporated cities as well as incorporated cities within the county. The Scott County Sheriff is the oldest elected position in Scott County. The Scott County Sheriff's Office has 63 employees, both sworn and non-sworn.

It is divided into six divisions; Administration, patrol, criminal investigations, narcotics, communications, and detention. The Sheriff's office operates the County Jail; it provides detention services under contract to the City of Forest Police Department and to the Mississippi Department of Corrections.

Class-action suit against court and Sheriff's Office
In September 2014 the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the MacArthur Justice Center filed a federal class-action civil rights suit, Burks v. Scott County, against the County courts and the Scott County Sheriff's Office for violating suspects' rights, under the Sixth and Fourteenth amendments, to 1) defense counsel, 2) a speedy trial, 3) individualized bail determinations; and 4) freedom from excessive pre-trial detention.

The two plaintiffs had each been held for months in detention without access to a public defender before they were indicted or tried on the charges. "... Mr. Burks has spent over three years in the Scott County jail since August 30, 2009, on the three separate charges," the complaint states. "He has only been indicted once, he has never been to trial, and he has never been convicted."

The state does not require the county courts to issue indictments within any set period of time. The county courts call a grand jury only three times a year, so defendants have long waits in between. At the time of indictment, the Scott County judges pick the public defender for each defendant, creating a conflict of interest. The ACLU notes that similar abuses exist in other Mississippi county court systems.

At the time of the suit, Brandon Buskey, a lawyer with the ACLU's Criminal Law Reform Project, said 53 of the 129 inmates in the Scott County Detention Center had not been indicted.

On September 23, 2014, these parties filed a federal class action lawsuit on behalf of several inmates in the Scott County Detention Center who had been detained for lengthy periods without counsel, fair bail arrangements, formal prosecution, or trial. They proposed the creation of three classes of plaintiffs, among persons who were treated similarly by the county courts.

As of November 2015, the case was ongoing. The US District Court dismissed the plaintiff's motion for a declaratory judgment in September 2015. It retained the claim for damages by the two named plaintiffs but dismissed the motions to certify three classes as moot, saying that defendants could bring up the claimed issues above with the county judges before indictment. The plaintiffs were thus denied class status by the court.

Media
The Scott County Times has served Scott County since 1939. It is a weekly publication owned by Emmerich Newspapers, Inc.

Cities

 * Forest
 * Morton

Towns

 * Lake (partly in Newton County)
 * Sebastopol (partly in Leake County)

Census-designated places

 * Harperville
 * Hillsboro

Other unincorporated communities

 * Forkville
 * Homewood
 * Kalem
 * Ludlow
 * Midway
 * Norris
 * Pulaski
 * Contrell

Education
School districts include:
 * Forest Municipal School District
 * Scott County School District

title: Scott County, Mississippi