text:
Shapleigh, Maine

Shapleigh, pronounced "SHAP-lee", is a town in York County, Maine, United States which was incorporated as the state's 43rd town in 1785. The population was 2,921 at the 2020 census. Shapleigh is divided into the villages of North Shapleigh, Shapleigh Corner, Ross Corner and Emery Mills. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

History
In 1668, Chief Captain Sunday (or Wesumbe) of the Newichawannock Abenaki tribe deeded Francis Small the Ossipee Tract, which included Cornish, Parsonsfield, Newfield, Limerick, Limington and Shapleigh. Small, a trader from Kittery, then sold a half interest to Major Nicholas Shapleigh of Eliot. In 1770, heirs discovered the unrecorded deed and made claim. Shapleigh's heirs took Parsonsfield, Shapleigh and one half of Limerick.

First called Hubbardstown, it was settled in 1772 when Simeon Emery erected a sawmill at the foot of Mousam Pond. On March 5, 1785, the town was incorporated as Shapleigh, named for its early proprietor. In 1830, Shapleigh's west half was set off and incorporated as Acton. In 1846, a portion of Shapleigh was annexed by Newfield. Shapleigh annexed an eastern portion of land from Waterboro in 1854.

There were sawmills in Emery Mills, Shapleigh Corner and North Shapleigh, which also had a woolen textile factory (known as Hargraves Woolen Mill) and leather board factory. For a few years beginning in 1837, iron was produced at a blast furnace in North Shapleigh from bog iron retrieved from Little Ossipee Pond. Foundations, walls, and slag remained at the site at the time of a 2003 Maine Geological Survey publication on the site. Shapleigh was one of the Maine towns devastated by the Great Fires of 1947.

In 2009, Shapleigh residents (along with those of Newfield) successfully opposed the industrial-scale drawing of water from its aquifer by Nestlé, operating under the Poland Spring brand.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 41.19 sqmi, of which 38.75 sqmi is land and 2.44 sqmi is water. Shapleigh is drained by the Little Ossipee River and Mousam River. All of Shapleigh's woodlands are protected by The Nature Conservancy.

The town has three mountains over 1,000 ft: Fort Ridge, Abbott Mountain and an unnamed mountain (1,017 ft) located a half mile northwest of Abbott Mountain. Fort Ridge, with its highest summit at 1,114 ft above sea level, is the town's highest mountain. Abbott Mountain, which is often mistaken to be the highest point in town, rises to an elevation of 1,078 ft, making it the town's second highest point. Due to its local popularity as a hiking destination, high traffic from all terrain vehicles (ATV) and the resulting erosion from overuse, the actual elevation of Abbott Mountain's ground-down summit is estimated to be closer to 1,060 feet in elevation.

The town is served by state routes 11 and 109. It borders Acton to the west, Waterboro to the east, Alfred to the southeast, Newfield to the north, and Sanford to the south.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,668 people, 1,072 households, and 766 families living in the town. The population density was 68.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,036 housing units at an average density of 52.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.6% White, 0.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 1,072 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.5% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the town was 43.6 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 35.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,326 people, 912 households, and 673 families living in the town. The population density was 59.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,813 housing units at an average density of 46.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.41% White, 0.21% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.

There were 912 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,026, and the median income for a family was $45,591. Males had a median income of $34,519 versus $26,739 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,331. About 2.9% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Shapleigh students attend Shapleigh Memorial School which is a part of Regional School Unit 57. Students in grades 6–8 from Shapleigh attend Massabesic Middle School, and students in grades 9–12 attend Massabesic High School, both of which are in Waterboro.

General information

 * One post office: zip code 04076
 * Telephone exchanges: 793 and 636
 * Two fire stations:
 * Shapleigh Fire Department. shapleighfiredepartment.com
 * Ross Corner Fire Company (privately owned)

Sites of interest

 * Acton-Shapleigh Historical Society & Museum
 * Shapleigh Woods-Waterboro Barrens

Notable people

 * Frank Abbott, dentist, author, president of the American Dental Association (1888)
 * Levi J. Ham, politician and surgeon
 * Bruce McMillan, children's book author, photo-illustrator, and watercolor artist
 * Joshua Maria Young, bishop of Erie, Pennsylvania

title: Shapleigh, Maine


text:
South Berwick, Maine

South Berwick is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 7,467 at the 2020 census. South Berwick is home to Berwick Academy, a private, co-educational university-preparatory day school founded in 1791.

The town was set off from Berwick in 1814, followed by North Berwick in 1831. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The primary village in the town is the South Berwick census-designated place.

History
The area was called Newichawannock by the Abenaki Indians, meaning "river with many falls," a reference to the Salmon Falls River. It was first settled by Europeans about 1631 as a part of Kittery known as Kittery North Parish. Near the confluence with the Great Works River, Ambrose Gibbons built the Great House at Newichawannock, a palisaded trading post, to exchange goods with the Indians.

In 1634, William Chadbourne, James Wall, and John Goddard arrived from England aboard the ship Pied Cow to build a sawmill and gristmill at Assabumbadoc Falls. The first houses built in South Berwick were built by Chadbourne and Wall. Chadbourne's house was in the northwesterly angle of Brattle Street and Dow Highway (Rt. 236). Richard Leader, an engineer, rebuilt the sawmill in 1651 to handle up to 20 saws. The factory became known as the "Great mill workes," from which the Great Works River derives its name. It was run by 25 Scottish prisoners of war captured by Oliver Cromwell's forces at the 1650 Battle of Dunbar and transported aboard the Unity to North America. They were sold as indentured servants whose labor would earn them freedom. The community was dubbed the Parish of Unity after the ship.

The village was attacked in 1675 during King Philip's War, then raided again in 1690–1691 during King William's War by Indians under the command of officers from New France, who burned the Parish of Unity to the ground. It was abandoned, but resettled in 1703 under its Abenaki name, Newichawannock. The Massachusetts General Court incorporated it in 1713 as Berwick, the 9th oldest town in Maine. It was named after Berwick-upon-Tweed, a town of mixed allegiances on the Anglo-Scottish border. What evolved into today's Berwick Academy opened in 1791. On February 12, 1814, South Berwick was set off and incorporated.

During the 19th century, various mills were erected at the rivers to use their water power. At the head of navigation, Quampheagan Falls on the Salmon Falls River became the site of the Portsmouth Manufacturing Company. Established in 1831, the cotton textile mill had 7000 spindles and 216 looms, which by 1868 produced 2 million yards of sheeting per year. The mill closed in 1893, and most of its brick buildings were razed about 1917, but the Greek Revival counting house is now the Old Berwick Historical Society Museum. South Berwick also made woolens, shoes, plows, and cultivators, as well as sawn and planed lumber. The town was noted for its apple orchards. Some inhabitants worked across the bridge in Rollinsford, New Hampshire at the Salmon Falls Manufacturing Company, which closed in 1927. The village center was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

In 1901, local author Sarah Orne Jewett set her historical romance The Tory Lover at the Hamilton House in South Berwick. Built about 1785, the Federal style mansion is now a museum operated by Historic New England, which also owns the Sarah Orne Jewett House, built in 1774 overlooking Central Square.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 32.64 sqmi, of which 32.13 sqmi is land and 0.51 sqmi water. Located beside the New Hampshire border, South Berwick is drained by the Great Works River and Salmon Falls River. Welch Hill, elevation 370 feet (112.8 m) above sea level, is the town's highest point. The lowest elevation, which is sea level, is located along the Salmon Falls River, from the small hydroelectric dam next to the New Hampshire Route 4 bridge, south to the town's border with Eliot.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,220 people, 2,729 households, and 1,979 families residing in the town. The population density was 224.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,911 housing units at an average density of 90.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 2,729 households, of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.5% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the town was 40.5 years. 26.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 32.4% were from 45 to 64; and 10.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,671 people, 2,403 households, and 1,847 families residing in the town. The population density was 207.5 PD/sqmi. There were 2,488 housing units at an average density of 77.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.63% White, 0.30% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.27% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.67% of the population.

There were 2,403 households, out of which 44.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.4% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $53,201, and the median income for a family was $59,330. Males had a median income of $40,107 versus $25,729 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,118. About 2.8% of families and 2.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.3% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Strawberry Festival
Since 1976, South Berwick has hosted a Strawberry Festival on the last Saturday in June. Originally organized to celebrate the United States Bicentennial, its popularity has convinced the festival's organizers to hold it each year since. It includes shops, food, games and rides for children and trolley rides. The festival is held on the grounds of Central School, the primary elementary school for the town of South Berwick.

Sites of interest

 * Counting House Museum, c. 1832 or 1850 – Old Berwick Historical Society
 * Hamilton House – Historic New England
 * Jewett-Eastman House – Historic New England
 * Sarah Orne Jewett House – Historic New England
 * Vaughan Woods State Park
 * Punkintown

Notable people

 * Nicholson Baker (born 1957), novelist and non-fiction writer
 * John H. Burleigh (1822–1877), U.S. congressman
 * William Burleigh (1785–1827), U.S. congressman
 * Slaid Cleaves (born 1964), singer-songwriter
 * John Noble Goodwin (1824–1887), attorney, politician, and U.S. congressman
 * John Hubbard (1849–1932), United States Navy rear admiral
 * Sarah Orne Jewett (1849–1909), novelist
 * J. Harold Murray(1891–1940), singer and film actor
 * Rod Picott (born 1964), singer-songwriter
 * Robert M. Pirsig (1928–2017), writer, philosopher
 * Deanna Rix (born 1987), wrestler
 * Charles Sleeper (1856–1924), physician, state legislator, and Collector of the Port of Portland, Maine
 * Luther C. Tibbets (1820–1902), founded California citrus industry with wife Eliza Tibbets

Sister cities

 * 🇺🇸 Tuskegee, AL, USA

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: South Berwick, Maine


text:
South Eliot, Maine

South Eliot is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Eliot in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,550 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
South Eliot is located at 43.11472°N, -70.79583°W (43.114618, -70.795855).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.6 square miles (19.7 km$2$), of which 7.2 square miles (18.6 km$2$) is land and 0.4 square miles (1.1 km$2$), or 5.47%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,445 people, 1,386 households, and 988 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 479.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,455 housing units at an average density of 202.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.46% White, 0.15% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.49% of the population.

There were 1,386 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,711, and the median income for a family was $64,402. Males had a median income of $41,513 versus $27,708 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,431. About 6.1% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: South Eliot, Maine


text:
South Sanford, Maine

South Sanford is a former census-designated place (CDP) in the city of Sanford in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,536 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area. The CDP was abolished when the town of Sanford re-incorporated as a city.

Geography
South Sanford is located at 43.40194°N, -70.70972°W (43.401854, -70.709820).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 23.4 square miles (60.7 km2), of which 22.8 square miles (59.0 km2) is land and 0.7 square miles (1.7 km2), or 2.87%, is water.

Demographics
At the 2010 census, there were 4,536 people, 1,859 households and 1,230 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 198.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,111 housing units at an average density of 92.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.8% White, 0.4% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.2% some other race, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 1,859 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were headed by married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43, and the average family size was 2.91.

22.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.

For the period 2007–2011, the estimated median household income was $54,850 and the median family income was $56,771. Male full-time workers had a median income of $46,134 compared with $34,688 for females. The per capita income was $25,894. About 5.8% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: South Sanford, Maine


text:
Springvale, Maine

Springvale is a village and former census-designated place in the city of Sanford in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,292 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The CDP was abolished when the town of Sanford reincorporated as a city.

Geography
Springvale is located at 43.46417°N, -70.79556°W (43.464053, -70.795608).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.4 km2, of which 8.1 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 3.69%, is water. Springvale is drained by the Mousam River.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Springvale has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,292 people, 1,402 households, and 828 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,061.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,552 housing units at an average density of 500.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.6% White, 0.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.4% some other race, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 1,402 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were headed by married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33, and the average family size was 2.94.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.

For the period 2007–11, the estimated median annual income for a household in the CDP was $37,946, and the median income for a family was $49,554. Male full-time workers had a median income of $54,464 versus $27,273 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,965. About 9.3% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.0% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

Points of interest

 * Harvey Butler Memorial Rhododendron Sanctuary
 * Southern Maine Veterans Cemetery

title: Springvale, Maine


text:
Waterboro, Maine

Waterboro is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 7,936 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

The town includes the districts of North (04061), South (04087), and East (04030) Waterboro, in addition to the largest development in southern Maine, Lake Arrowhead Community. The introduction of Maine subdivision regulation, and Maine Planning Boards, is the direct result of the creation of the largest subdivision, Lake Arrowhead Community. The reaction of the Maine State Legislature was mandatory Planning Boards, and subdivision regulation.

History
Abenaki Indians called the area Massabesic, meaning "the place of much water", a reference to the region's lakes. It was part of an extensive tract of land purchased in 1661 by Major William Phillips of Saco from Chief Fluellin. Known as Massabesic Plantation, it included most of modern-day Waterboro, Alfred and Sanford. Phillips died in 1683, and the plantation eventually passed from his heirs to 10 proprietors. One of those proprietors was Colonel Joshua Waters, for whom the town would be named.

Lumbering began to thrive there about 1764. Captain John Smith from Kittery was the first permanent settler, arriving in 1768. On March 6, 1787, the Massachusetts General Court incorporated the township as Waterborough. In 1790, Old Corners became the site of the Court of General Sessions, although in 1805 the county seat shifted to Alfred. In 1895, the name was shortened to Waterboro.

With land particularly suited for livestock grazing, agriculture became a principal industry. The town had many cattle and dairy farms. The Portland and Rochester Railroad passed through Waterboro and connected to Rochester, New Hampshire in 1871, helping spur development. Rivers and brooks provided water power to operate mills. Several sawmills were established, and by 1886, the town produced about 1800000 ft of lumber annually. Other businesses included the Ossipee Manufacturing Company at the Little Ossipee River, which made blankets, and the Steam Mill Company at South Waterboro, which made wooden boxes. In 1922, the Goodall-Sanford Mills built in Waterboro village a spinning mill, taken over by a patent leather manufacturer that operated from 1939 to 1982.

Fire twice devastated the town. In 1911, a large portion of South Waterboro burned. Then during the Great Fires of 1947, three-quarters of Waterboro's land area burned, including the town center and 90% of the cottages on Little Ossipee Lake. Today, Waterboro's lakes remain a popular recreation area. The town is home to the 2,140 acre Waterboro Barrens, one of the largest and best preserved pitch pine barrens in Maine.

On October 16, 2012, an M4.0 earthquake shook the city and the rest of Maine. It also shook New Hampshire, Massachusetts and most of the New England states.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 57.16 sqmi, of which 55.33 sqmi is land and 1.83 sqmi is water. Lake Arrowhead, named by land developers in the 1960s, is on the northern border of the town. Waterboro is drained by the Little Ossipee River. Little Ossipee Lake, the largest body of water, covers 564 acre. Ossipee Mountain, elevation 1058 feet (322 m) above sea level, is the highest point in the town.

Waterboro is served by U.S. Route 202 and state routes 4 and 5. It borders the towns of Alfred to the southwest, and Lyman to the southeast, Hollis to the northeast, Limerick and Limington to the north, Newfield to the northwest, and Shapleigh to the west.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,693 people, 2,775 households, and 2,095 families living in the town. The population density was 139.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3,574 housing units at an average density of 64.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 0.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 2,775 households, of which 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.8% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.5% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.12.

The median age in the town was 36.6 years. 27.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.5% were from 25 to 44; 27.9% were from 45 to 64; and 8.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.8% male and 49.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,214 people, 2,211 households, and 1,704 families living in the town. The population density was 111.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,828 housing units at an average density of 50.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.66% White, 0.11% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.

There were 2,211 households, out of which 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 15.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 35.9% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,234, and the median income for a family was $46,667. Males had a median income of $33,583 versus $21,904 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,813. About 3.4% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Amos L. Allen, US congressman

Education
Waterboro is home to Massabesic High School, Massabesic Middle School, and the Waterboro Elementary School. The town is part of Regional School Unit 57 (RSU 57), a regional school district also encompassing five other towns: Alfred, Limerick, Lyman, Newfield, and Shapleigh.

Massabesic Junior High was converted into Massabesic High School's Freshmen Academy in 2007, after the Massabesic Middle School was built. Massabesic Middle School also has a wing which includes the sixth grade from Waterboro Elementary School. The Districts' mascot is the "Mustangs."

Sites of interest

 * James Leavitt House

title: Waterboro, Maine


text:
Wells, Maine

Wells is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. Founded in 1643, it is the third-oldest town in Maine. The population was 11,314 at the 2020 census. Wells Beach is a popular summer destination.

History

The Abenaki Indians called the area Webhannet, meaning "at the clear stream", a reference to the Webhannet River.

Edmund Littlefield, an immigrant from the wool regions of Titchfield, England, built the first gristmill and later a woolen mill on the Webhannet River, becoming known as "The Father of Wells," where a monument commemorates his contribution. In 1622, the Plymouth Company in England awarded to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Lord Proprietor of Maine, territory which included the Plantation of Wells. His young cousin, Thomas Gorges, acting as deputy and agent, in 1641 granted to Rev. John Wheelwright and other settlers from Exeter, New Hampshire the right to populate the land from northeast of the Ogunquit River to southwest of the Kennebunk River. Following the death of the elder Gorges in 1647, the Massachusetts Bay Colony laid claim to Maine. On July 5, 1653, Wells was incorporated, the third town in Maine to do so, and named after Wells, England, a small cathedral city in the county of Somerset. After the restoration of Charles II and a meeting in Wells of the trustees of the late Ferdinando Gorges, the British authorities gave a general outline for the local civil and military administration on December 7, 1661. Wells included Kennebunk, which was set off the year Maine became a state in 1820, and Ogunquit, designated a village within Wells by the legislature in 1913, then set off in 1980.

Wells was the resilient northeastern frontier of English colonial settlement. Except for a few forts and garrisons, early attempts to colonize Maine above Wells were abandoned because of attacks by Native Americans, who resented the encroachment on their territory. Wells endured three major attacks, most famously the Raid on Wells in 1692. The region became less dangerous, however, after the Battle of Louisburg in 1745.

Many early Wells settlers joined the Continental Army; some became Revolutionary War heroes, including Captains Samuel Gooch, Nathanial Littlefield, and Jeremiah Storer. Ocean View Cemetery on Post Road contains a Civil War monument and plot honoring its service members. Visitors can walk to Founder's Park just off of Post Road onto Sanford Road, which includes a light walking trail, picnic area, and the first settlement home. Monuments list the names of Wells' founding families.

The town developed as a farming community, producing hay and vegetables. Other industries included shipbuilding and fisheries. In the 19th century, with the arrival of the railroad, the town's sandy beaches attracted tourists. Many inns and hotels were built along the seashore. Today, tourism remains important to the economy.

Wells celebrated its 350th anniversary in 2003. The year-long celebration included a New Year's Eve party with fireworks, parade, a visit by the traveling Russian circus, concerts, historical reenactments, and more. The town commissioned a member of the celebration committee, Kristi Borst, to design a town flag. Her design portrays historic aspects of the Town's settlement and agriculture as well as the 2003 Town Hall and focus on tourism represented by a train. Also included is the motto she penned for the project: "Proud of our Past, Ready for our Future".

Geography
Wells is on the southern coast of Maine, surrounded by Kennebunk to the northeast, Sanford to the northwest, North Berwick to the west, South Berwick to the southwest, and Ogunquit to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 73.61 sqmi, of which 57.55 sqmi is land and 16.06 sqmi is water. Wells is drained by the Webhannet River. The highest point in town is an unnamed hill located one-half mile south of the intersection of State Route 9 and Bragdon Road, which is 360 feet (110 m) above sea level. The lowest elevation is sea level, along the coastline with the Atlantic Ocean.

Wells is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Transportation

There are several transportation corridors connecting Wells with other communities:

 * Interstate 95 (Maine Turnpike Exit 19)
 * U.S. Route 1
 * Maine State Route 9
 * Maine State Route 9A
 * Maine State Route 109
 * The Pan Am Railways mainline (formerly the Boston & Maine Railroad)
 * The Eastern Trail, a multi-use trail, part of the East Coast Greenway

Access to the Amtrak national passenger rail system is available at the Wells Regional Transportation Center, which is served by 10 Downeaster trains per day. The center has a park and ride lot and is adjacent to the I-95 interchange.

Education

There are four educational institutions in Wells: Wells Elementary School (kindergarten through fourth grade), Wells Junior High School (fifth grade through eighth grade), Wells High School (ninth grade through twelfth grade, as well as adult education programs), and York County Community College.

Wells is a member of the Wells-Ogunquit Community School District.

Places of worship

Baptist
 * Highpine Baptist Church
 * Wells Branch Baptist Church

Christian, interdenominational
 * Shores Church
 * Messiah Christian Church

Church of the Nazarene
 * Lighthouse Church of the Nazarene

Pentecostal
 * Mount Zion Chapel

Roman Catholic Old Catholic United Church of Christ
 * Saint Mary's Church
 * St. Francis of Assisi
 * Congregational Church of Wells

Points of interest

 * Seven miles of beaches: Drakes Island Beach, East Shore Beach, Wells Beach, and Moody Beach.
 * The "Antiques Mile": – dozens of antiques vendors lining Post Road between Wells Corner and the Wells/Kennebunk town line.
 * Division 9 Schoolhouse Museum
 * Historical Society of Wells & Ogunquit: Meetinghouse Museum & Library – located on the premises of what was originally the First Congregational Church of Wells
 * Maine Diner
 * Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge
 * Wells Farmers' Market
 * Wells Harbor Community Park
 * Wells Harbor Summer Concert Series
 * Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve and Historic Laudholm Farm
 * Wells Public Library
 * Wonder Mountain Fun Park

Notable people

 * George Burroughs, clergyman, victim of the Salem witch trials
 * Kathleen Chase, Maine state representative
 * Ronald F. Collins, Maine state senator
 * Jonathan Courtney, Maine state senator
 * Nate Dingle, NFL football player
 * Daniel W. Gooch, US congressman
 * Ivory Kimball, judge
 * Steve Lavigne, comic book illustrator
 * Nathaniel Littlefield, U.S. congressman; captain, Revolutionary War, Coast Guard at Wells and Kittery
 * Ryan Peters (stage name Spose), rapper
 * John Fairfield Scamman, US congressman
 * John Storer, founder of Storer College
 * Guy Tripp, Business executive and U.S. Army brigadier general
 * Esther Wheelwright, Mother Superior of the Ursuline order in Quebec City
 * John Wheelwright, clergyman, original settler of Wells

2010 Census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,589 people, 4,120 households, and 2,734 families living in the town. The population density was 166.6 PD/sqmi. There were 8,557 housing units at an average density of 148.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 0.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 4,120 households, of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.6% were non-families. Of all households, 26.2% were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the town was 48.5 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.2% were from 25 to 44; 34.8% were from 45 to 64; and 21% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 Census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 9,400 people, 4,004 households, and 2,690 families living in the town. The population density was 163.1 PD/sqmi. There were 7,794 housing units at an average density of 135.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.18% White, 0.23% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 4,004 households, out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. Of all households, 26.3% were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.0% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,314, and the median income for a family was $53,644. Males had a median income of $39,682 versus $28,463 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,130. About 3.1% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.8% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Wells, Maine


text:
West Kennebunk, Maine

West Kennebunk is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Kennebunk in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
West Kennebunk is located at 43.40889°N, -70.57861°W (43.409001, -70.578649).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the 2000 Census, there were 809 people, 316 households, and 223 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 233.1 PD/sqmi. There were 332 housing units at an average density of 95.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.90% White, 0.12% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population.

There were 316 households, out of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,125, and the median income for a family was $47,333. Males had a median income of $30,972 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,922. About 2.3% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: West Kennebunk, Maine


text:
York, Maine

York is a town in York County, Maine, United States, near the southern tip of the state. The population in the 2020 census was 13,723. Situated beside the Atlantic Ocean on the Gulf of Maine, York is a well-known summer resort town. It is home to three 18-hole golf clubs, four sandy beaches, and Mount Agamenticus. From south to north, it is divided into the villages of Bald Head, York Village, York Harbor, York Beach and Cape Neddick.

York is part of the Portland metropolitan area.

History
First settled by Europeans in 1624, the plantation was originally called Agamenticus, the Abenaki term for the York River, which also was the name given to the hill, visible from sea.

In 1638, settlers changed the name to Bristol after Bristol, England, from which they had immigrated. Envisioning a great city arising from the wilderness, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, lord proprietor of Maine under the Plymouth patent, named the capital of his province Gorgeana.

On March 1, 1642, by charter of King Charles I, Gorgeana became the first incorporated city in America.

Following Gorges' death, the Massachusetts Bay Colony claimed his dominion. In 1652, York, Massachusetts, was incorporated from a portion of Gorgeana, making it the second oldest town in Maine after Kittery, incorporated two years earlier. It was named for York, England; however, control of the region was contested between New England and New France, which incited Native Americans to attack English settlements throughout the French and Indian Wars.

The first Congregational church of York was organized in 1672, by Rev. Shubael Dummer, the son of Richard Dummer and uncle to William Dummer, who became acting governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

During King William's War, York was destroyed in the Candlemas Massacre of 1692. During the raid by the Abenakis, Dummer was shot at his own front door. About 50 others were slain and near 100 carried away captive, among them Dummer's wife, Lydia, and their son, where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy.

The final local Indian attack occurred at the Cape Neddick area during Dummer's War in 1723. Hostilities diminished with the French defeat at the Siege of Louisbourg (1745), and ceased altogether with the 1763 Treaty of Paris.

Trading center
As provincial capital and site of the Royal Gaol (Jail), York prospered. Numerous wharves and warehouses serviced trade with the West Indies. Agricultural products and lumber were shipped in exchange for sugar, molasses and other commodities. One notable merchant was John Hancock, whose establishment is now a museum. Following the Revolution, however, President Thomas Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807 crippled trade. York, bereft of status as capitol, would not again be prosperous until after the Civil War, when its sea breezes and colonial charm, including old homes like the John Sedgley Homestead, attracted tourists.

Present day
Like Bar Harbor and Newport, Rhode Island, York became a fashionable summer resort, and retains many distinctive examples of Gilded Age architecture, particularly in the Shingle style. A cluster of historic buildings in the center of York Village are maintained as museums by the Old York Historical Society.

The Yorks

 * York Village – including the historic structures, and upscale shops
 * York Harbor – with a number of inns, historic homes and large estates
 * York Beach – with attractions such as a zoo, arcades, souvenir shops and stores
 * Cape Neddick – mainly residences, best known for its lighthouse

During summer months, summer residents and tourists visit Short Sands Beach, which is in the district of York Beach itself, as well as Long Sands Beach, the town's longest with more than a mile of sand stretching between York Beach and York Harbor. A number of five-star hotels and other accommodations operate in the York Beach area, although most close after summer.

A number of spots throughout The Yorks have views of the Cape Neddick Light at Nubble Rock, which has figured in both artists' work and souvenirs of the Maine coast. A photo of the Cape Neddick Light is on the Voyager 1 spacecraft labeled as Seashore, Maine. Visible in clear weather is the 133 ft tall Boon Island Light on Boon Island, located 6.2 mi off York.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 131.78 sqmi, of which 54.67 sqmi is land and 77.11 sqmi is water. The York watershed drains into the York River. The highest point in town is Mount Agamenticus, with an elevation of 692 ft above sea level. A road travels to the summit, where miles of hiking, biking and horse-riding trails are available. The lowest point in town is sea level, along the coastline with the Atlantic Ocean. York lies about 44 mi south of Portland, 98 mi south of Augusta, and 65 mi north of Boston.

Government

York has a council-manager form of government.

Voter registration
32.61% Republican, 23.44% Democrat, 0.9% Green, 43.05% Unenrolled.

Education
York School Department receives the largest portion (69%) of the town's budget. The town of York supports 2,000 students in four schools. Village Elementary School serves grades K–1. Coastal Ridge Elementary School provides education for grades 2–4. York Middle School serves students in grades 5–8, and York High School serves students in grades 9–12. Adult education is also available to York residents.

Demographics

 * See Cape Neddick, Maine and York Harbor, Maine for demographic information compiled for the respective villages.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,529 people, 5,440 households, and 3,601 families living in the town. The population density was 229.2 PD/sqmi. There were 8,649 housing units at an average density of 158.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.6% White, 0.4% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 5,440 households, of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.8% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the town was 49.3 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.1% were from 25 to 44; 36.3% were from 45 to 64; and 21.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,854 people, 5,235 households, and 3,690 families living in the town. The population density was 234.1 PD/sqmi. There were 8,053 housing units at an average density of 146.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.36% White, 0.25% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population.

There were 5,235 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $64,000, and the median income for a family was $73,400. Males had a median income of $49,415 versus $31,743 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,895. About 1.3% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under the age of 18 and 6.7% of those 65 and older.

Sites of interest

 * Cape Neddick Lighthouse (Nubble Light)
 * John Sedgley Homestead
 * The Goldenrod
 * Short Sands Beach
 * Mount Agamenticus

Civil War monument
A granite monument depicting a Civil War soldier was erected in 1906 at a traffic triangle in York Village. It has been suggested by some that his uniform appears to be incorrect for a Union soldier, as he wears a brimmed fedora and goatee; some local tour guides claim that the uniform is actually Confederate. Another explanation is that either the sculptor, Englishman Frederick Barnicoat, or designer John Staples, mistakenly depicted a uniform from the time of the Spanish–American War. It is also possible that the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment did wear a similar uniform.

Notable people

 * Spencer Albee, musician
 * Emerson Baker, historian, author
 * Christopher Cassidy, NASA astronaut
 * Mandy Cronin, ice hockey executive
 * Shubael Dummer, colonial reverend and leader
 * Richard Foerster, poet
 * Tim Janis, musician
 * Barbara Marois, Olympic field hockey player
 * Rufus McIntire, US congressman
 * Jeremiah Moulton, colonial officer, judge
 * David N. Ott, state representative, lawyer
 * Alvah T. Ramsdell, architect
 * Neil Rolde, state legislator and Maine historian
 * Duncan Robinson, basketball player for the Miami Heat
 * Walter Runte, state legislator born in York
 * May Sarton, writer
 * George Thatcher, state judge, US congressman
 * Mark Twain, writer (summer resident)
 * Windol Weaver, state legislator

title: York, Maine


text:
York Harbor, Maine

York Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of York in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,033 at the 2010 census. York Harbor is a distinguished former Gilded Age summer colony noted for its resort architecture. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
York was a prosperous seaport in the 18th century. Its harbor, then known as Lower Town, was lined with wharves and warehouses to which upriver settlers brought their goods for trade and shipping. The tongue of land at the mouth of the York River was called Gallows Point, where criminals at Old York Gaol in York Village were hanged. At high tide the tongue became an island, from which a ferry licensed in 1652 crossed to Seabury.

During the American Revolution, fishermen and their families abandoned the Isles of Shoals off the coast and floated their homes to the Lower Town waterfront, where they were rebuilt. They hauled their boats at Lobster Cove and dried their catch on fish flakes, after which the tongue would be named Stage Neck. In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson's embargo crippled local mercantile trade, and by the Civil War, Stage Neck had deteriorated into a ramshackle slum.

After the Union victory, Nathaniel Grant Marshall (1812-1882), a lawyer, had a vision to convert the poorest section of Lower Town into a first-class summer emporium for wealthy tourists. He bought Stage Neck, razed the fishermen's shacks and in 1871 built a grand hotel called the Marshall House. As part of its upgrade, Lower Town was renamed York Harbor. Steamers began arriving with families drawn to the Maine shore from the heat and pollution in Boston, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and Baltimore. Many liked the area enough to build summer mansions, characteristically in the Shingle Style, during the 1880-1890 boom. Soon York Harbor joined Bar Harbor and Newport as fashionable East Coast summer destinations.

Competing hotels were built, including Harmon Hall and the Albracca Hotel. But the Marshall House was the largest, accommodating 325 guests by 1900. It offered telephone and telegraph offices, a livery stable, riding and bathing facilities, tennis courts, barbershop, billiards room, ballroom, sailing, fishing excursions and canoes for picnics up the York River. The Marshalls started both an electric and water company, and headed the effort to build the York Harbor & Beach Railroad, opened in 1887.

When the Marshall House burned in 1916, it was rebuilt in fire-resistant brick the following year to designs by noted Portland architect John Calvin Stevens. It resumed its role as the center of York Harbor social life. At its porte-cochère, chauffeur-driven limousines from the estates deposited their owners in evening gowns and tuxedoes, to be joined by hotel patrons for dinner at 7:30 p.m. Post-prandial entertainments included chamber music by a Boston Symphony ensemble in the lobby, or Saturday dancing and costume parties in the ballroom.

But a rift grew between York Harbor and York Beach further up the coast, which catered to the less affluent. The former disapproved of the latter's "cottage and campground" philosophy, and tried to prevent the trolley connecting the two. In 1908, York Harbor proposed secession from York, first as a new town called Yorktown, then as Gorges after Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the early proprietor of Maine. Because the split would have deprived remaining York of much of real value within the community, including the town hall, it failed and The Yorks reconciled.

Development here began in the 1870s and virtually ended in the 1920s, leaving York Harbor a microcosm of period resort architecture, now converted for year-round use. The Marshall House was sold in 1957 and demolished in 1972, to be replaced with condominiums and the Stage Neck Inn (designed by Sasaki, Dawson, DeMay Associates). However, the York community retains a wealth of Second Empire, Shingle Style, Mission Revival and Colonial Revival architecture. Of particular note are the Lancaster Building designed by E. B. Blaisdell and built in 1895, Trinity Episcopal Church designed by H. J. Hardenbergh and built in 1908, and the York Harbor Reading Room designed by James Purdon and built in 1910. The Cliff Walk, an ancient shoreline path lined with beach roses, winds along Eastern Point ledges above the surf.

Geography
York Harbor is located at 43.1425°N, -70.64722°W (43.142573, -70.647106). The York Harbor CDP extends westward to include all of York Village as well. The western boundary of the CDP is U.S. Route 1, the southern boundary is the York River, and the northern boundary abuts the southern edge of the Cape Neddick CDP, more commonly known as York Beach. The Gulf of Maine, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, forms the eastern edge of the community.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 sqmi, of which 3.2 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi, or 8.23%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,321 people, 1,334 households, and 895 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,035.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,601 housing units at an average density of 499.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.13% White, 0.12% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.63% of the population.

There were 1,334 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $53,969, and the median income for a family was $71,164. Males had a median income of $49,706 versus $30,850 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $29,016. About 1.0% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: York Harbor, Maine


text:
Barton, Maryland

Barton is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States, located along the Georges Creek Valley. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 457 at the 2010 census.

History
The Reverend William Shaw, a Methodist minister settled on the site of Barton in 1794. His son, William Shaw Jr. laid out the town in 1853, naming it for his father's hometown, Barton-upon-Humber, England.

The discovery of coal in the area attracted more settlers. They came from Scotland, Ireland and Germany, eager to work in the mines. In 1853, the first shipment of coal was made on the newly built Georges Creek Railroad. Eventually, all the deep coal mines had been abandoned and replaced by strip mines, several of which are still in operation and can be seen from the town. Today, most families in Barton are supported by other types of employment.

The first gristmill powered by a water wheel was built on Moores Run by Henry Ingram. It was about 200 to 300 ft. from the confluence of Georges Creek. The mill at Moores Run was owned and tended by Mathias Ball. Ball also owned and ran a tannery at Butcher Run in Barton. The second gristmill was built at Mill Run south of Barton, it was called the Morrison Mill, and was owned by John Morrison. The Morrison Mill was located where Mill Run flows into Georges Creek. John Haymaker also tended the Hockenberry Mill before Hockenberry took over. The third mill was the Shaw Mill, built by the Shaw family. It was a large mill built of stone at Moscow. It was torn down in the summer or fall of 1961.

Major Barton-area coal companies in the 19th century:
 * American Coal Company, owner of the Swanton and Caledonia Mines. Their coal tipples were located right in Barton and the mines were located on the mountain on the west side of Barton.
 * Davis & Rieman Co.
 * Piedmont Coal & Iron Co., located up Temperance Row on the east side of the mountain.
 * Potomac Coal Co., located up Moore's Run. The first mine was located about ½ mile from Dogwood Flat and the No. 2 mine was about 1-1/4 mile up the run. Owned by the Union Mining Co.
 * Swanton Mining Co.
 * George's Creek Mining Co.
 * Barton Coal Mining Co., located at the top of Moores Run.

The Barton Coal Company plane (or cable railway) was built in 1854 and was engineered by O.D. Robbins. It remained in operation until March 21, 1898. The next week the tract, cables and mining equipment were removed. Along with the major mines, there were also many small family-owned mines on the family farms, which catered to the local coal trade.

The Pickell Mine was located on the west side of Barton towards Moscow. Its tipple was not located in town.

The Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, successor to the Georges Creek Railroad, opened a train station in Barton in 1889. The station was demolished in the mid-20th century.

Today Barton has four churches and many volunteer groups. There is a lighted ball field, a playground, and two parks for use by citizens. Barton has survived floods and fires and still maintains its peaceful and congenial atmosphere. Each year the town celebrates itself with a Party in the Park. That get-together showcases crafts, food, entertainment, and a parade through the center of town.

Shaw Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.22 sqmi, all land.

Nearby communities

 * 1) Cumberland
 * 2) Lonaconing
 * 3) Westernport
 * 4) Piedmont, West Virginia
 * 5) Luke
 * 6) Midland
 * 7) Keyser, West Virginia
 * 8) Frostburg
 * 9) Cresaptown-Bel Air

Transportation
The primary means of travel to and from Barton is by road. The only state highway directly serving the town is Maryland Route 935, which mostly follows Legislative Road through the middle of town. MD 935 is the old alignment of Maryland Route 36, which now traverses a bypass on the town's east side. Both ends of MD 935 connect to MD 36, which extends northward to Frostburg and Interstate 68, and heads southward to Westernport.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 457 people, 195 households, and 132 families residing in the town. The population density was 2077.3 PD/sqmi. There were 225 housing units at an average density of 1022.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.0% White, 0.2% African American, 0.4% Asian, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 195 households, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age in the town was 39.9 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.2% were from 25 to 44; 25.2% were from 45 to 64; and 17.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.0% male and 49.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 478 people, 200 households, and 142 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,129.8 PD/sqmi. There were 233 housing units at an average density of 1,038.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.58% White and 0.42% African American.

There were 200 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,104, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $29,844 versus $14,196 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,453. About 13.1% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.7% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Barton, Maryland


text:
Cresaptown-Bel Air, Maryland

Cresaptown-Bel Air was a census-designated place in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. The population was 5,884 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the area was separated into two CDPs, Cresaptown and Bel Air.

Cresaptown-Bel Air is part of the Cumberland metropolitan area.

Geography
Cresaptown-Bel Air is located at 39.58722°N, -78.8425°W (39.587355, −78.842582).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 7.4 sqmi, all of it land.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 5,884 people, 1,765 households, and 1,251 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 790.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,876 housing units at an average density of 251.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 78.21% White, 20.73% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44% of the population.

There were 1,765 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 17.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 39.9% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 164.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 176.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,693, and the median income for a family was $46,563. Males had a median income of $39,397 versus $22,170 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,279. About 4.0% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Cresaptown-Bel Air, Maryland


text:
Cumberland, Maryland

Cumberland is a city in and the county seat of Allegany County, Maryland, United States. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 19,075. Located on the Potomac River, Cumberland is a regional business and commercial center for Western Maryland and the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia. It is the primary city of the Cumberland metropolitan area, which had 95,044 residents in 2020.

Historically, Cumberland was known as the "Queen City" as it was once the second largest in the state. Because of its strategic location on what became known as the Cumberland Road through the Appalachians, after the American Revolution it served as a historical outfitting and staging point for westward emigrant trail migrations throughout the first half of the 1800s. In this role, it supported the settlement of the Ohio Country and the lands in that latitude of the Louisiana Purchase. It also became an industrial center, served by major roads, railroads, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which connected Cumberland to Washington, D.C. and is now a national historical park. Today, Interstate 68 bisects the town.

Industry declined after World War II, leading urban, business, and technological development in the state to be concentrated in eastern coastal cities. Today, the Cumberland metropolitan area is one of the poorest in the United States, ranking 305th out of 318 metropolitan areas in per capita income.

History
Cumberland was named by English colonists after the son of King George II, Prince William, the Duke of Cumberland. It is built on the site of the mid-18th century Fort Cumberland, the starting point for British General Edward Braddock's ill-fated attack on the French stronghold of Fort Duquesne (present-day Pittsburgh) during the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War between the French and the British. (See Braddock expedition.) This area had been settled for thousands of years by indigenous peoples. The fort was developed along the Great Indian Warpath which tribes used to travel the backcountry.

Cumberland also served as an outpost of Colonel George Washington during the French and Indian War, and his first military headquarters was built here. Washington returned as President of the United States in 1794 to Cumberland to review troops assembled to thwart the Whiskey Rebellion.

During the 19th century, Cumberland was a key road, railroad and canal junction. It became the second-largest city in Maryland after the port city of Baltimore. It was nicknamed "The Queen City". Cumberland was the terminus, and namesake, of the Cumberland Road (begun in 1811) that extended westward to the Ohio River at Wheeling, West Virginia. This was the first portion of what would be constructed as the National Road, which eventually reached Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. In the 1850s, many black fugitives reached their final stop on the Underground Railroad beneath the floor of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church. A maze of tunnels beneath and an abolitionist pastor above provided refuge before the final five mile trip to freedom in Pennsylvania.

The surrounding hillsides were mined for coal and iron ore, and harvested for timber that helped supply the Industrial Revolution. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal had its western terminus here; it was built to improve the movement of goods between the Midwest and Washington, DC, the eastern terminus. Construction of railroads superseded use of the canal, as trains were faster and could carry more freight. The city developed as a major manufacturing center, with industries in glass, breweries, fabrics, tires, and tinplate.

With the restructuring of heavy industry in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states following World War II, the city lost many jobs. As a result, its population has declined by nearly half, from 39,483 in the 1940 census to fewer than 20,000 today.

Geography
Cumberland is in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians at the junction of the North Branch Potomac River and Wills Creek. The majority of the land within the city lies in a valley created by the junction of these two streams. Interstate 68 runs through the city in an east–west direction, as does Alternate U.S. 40, the Old National Road. U.S. Highway 220 runs north–south. Parts of Wills Mountain, Haystack Mountain, and Shriver Ridge are also within the city limits. Opposite Cumberland along the Potomac River is Ridgeley, West Virginia.

The abandoned Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is now part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. The canal's towpath is maintained, allowing travel by foot, horse or bicycle between Cumberland and Washington, D.C., a distance of approximately 185 mi. In recent years, a separate trail/path extension, called the Great Allegheny Passage, has been developed that leads to Pittsburgh as its western terminus. Cumberland is the only city of at least 20,000 residents, outside of the Pittsburgh and DC metro areas, that lies on this combined 300+ mile stretch.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.15 sqmi, of which 10.08 sqmi is land and 0.07 sqmi is water.

Climate
Cumberland lies at the beginning of the transition from a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) to a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), although bearing far more characteristics of the former, with a range of temperatures significantly lower than those in the central and eastern part of Maryland, mostly in the form of depressed nighttime lows.

The region has four distinct seasons, with hot, humid summers, and moderate winters (compared to surrounding communities, Cumberland receives milder winters and less snow). Monthly daily mean temperatures range from 31.9 °F in January to 76.8 °F in July, with temperatures exceeding 90 °F on 34.5 days of the year and dipping to 10 °F or below on 7 nights per winter. Average seasonal snowfall totals 30.3 in. The record high is 109 °F set in July 1936 and August 1918, both of which are state record highs, while the record low is −14 °F set at the current site on January 18–19 1994 and January 20–21, 1985.

Demographics
The median household income $25,142, and the median family income was $34,500. Males had a median income of $29,484 versus $20,004 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,813. About 15.3% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.4% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over. The Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area ranked 305th out of 318 metropolitan areas in per capita income.

In 2007, Forbes ranked the Cumberland Metro as having the 6th-lowest cost of living in the US, based on an index of cost of housing, utilities, transportation and other expenditures.

In 2007, The Baltimore Sun newspaper, citing the National Association of Realtors figures on home prices, stated that while most areas were stagnant, Cumberland home prices were rising by more than 17%, the highest in the country. In July 2007, The Washington Post writer Stephanie Cavanaugh wrote that the great quality of living in Cumberland had attracted many urbanites to the area.

Population trends

Population decline from 1950 to 1990 was due to a string of industrial plant closures. Plants such as Pittsburgh Plate Glass, Allegany Munitions and Celanese closed down and relocated as part of widespread industrial restructuring after WWII. The 1987 closure of the Kelly Springfield Tire Plant marked a turning point, as it was the last major manufacturing plant in the city limits to close its doors.

The population of the city has continued to decline since 1990, with the 2010 census population of 20,859 the lowest since the 1900 census.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 20,859 people, 9,223 households, and 4,982 families residing in the city. The population density was 2069.3 PD/sqmi. There were 10,914 housing units at an average density of 1082.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.4% White, 6.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 9,223 households, of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.0% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.0% were non-families. 38.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 41.4 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

Economy
The top employers in Cumberland are as follows.

Western Maryland Railway Station
Located at the Western Maryland Railway Station is the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad.

Arts and entertainment district
Located in Cumberland's arts and entertainment district is Saville Gallery, the Allegany Museum, the Cumberland Theatre, the Arts at Canal Place Cooperative Gallery, the New Embassy Theatre, the Cumberland Music Academy, MettleArts Studio and Foundry, the Arteco Gallery and Institute for Creative Enterprise, Windsor Hall, the Gilchrist Museum of the Arts, the Gordon-Roberts House, the Graphicus Atelier print-making studio, and a variety of retail and specialty stores. Seasonal events include the Cumberland Comes Alive music series, Saturday Arts Walks, and the annual Mountain Maryland Artists' Studio Tour.

Canal Place Heritage Area

The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park is located at Canal Place, the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and intersection of the railroad, canal, and Allegheny Highlands Trail of Maryland.

Allegany Museum
Allegany Museum exhibits include local prehistoric life, the Cumberland glassware industry, Kelly Springfield Tire Company, MeadWestvaco, the Cumberland brewing industry, and folk art on the building's second floor.

The Narrows and Lovers Leap
The Narrows is a compact notched valley that Wills Creek has carved into Wills Mountain. Inventor Frederick John Bahr bought Wills Mountain and built his log cabin on top.

The National Road (U.S. Route 40) and a number of railroad lines pass through this steep, narrow, and rocky river valley on the edge of Cumberland. On the northeast side of Wills Mountain, sits a rocky outcropping known as Lover's Leap. The name comes from a Native American Romeo and Juliet legend. The tale tells how a jilted lover met his end by jumping off this ledge. Today, the rocks high above the water provide extensive views of the Allegheny Mountains. Lover's Leap has been frequently romanticized by postcard pictures of this valley, including those taken by George Steward in 1950 and published in the 1953 book U.S. 40.

Lover's Leap is 1652 ft above sea level and made up of oddly squared projections of rock, from its top, all the way down to the National Highway (U.S. Rte. 40) below. The City of Cumberland and the neighboring states of Pennsylvania and West Virginia may be seen from this point.

Other attractions

 * Constitution Park
 * Cumberland Theatre Company, located on N. Johnson St., offering year-round performances
 * Gene Mason Sports Complex
 * New Embassy Theater

Nearby attractions and points of interest

 * The Thrasher Carriage Museum, in Frostburg, Maryland, has one of the nation's top collections of horse-drawn vehicles, representing every walk of life, from the milkman to the wealthy. Pleasure vehicles, funeral wagons, sleighs, carts, and more are on display in the renovated 19th-century warehouse. Housed in a renovated warehouse opposite the steam train depot in Frostburg, this museum houses an extensive collection of late 19th- and early 20th-century horse-drawn carriages, featuring more than 50 vehicles from the collection of the late James R. Thrasher. Highlights include the inaugural coach used by Teddy Roosevelt, several Vanderbilt sleighs, elaborately decorated funeral wagons, formal closed vehicles, surreys, and open sleighs.
 * The Paw Paw Tunnel is one of the world's longest canal tunnels and was one of the greatest engineering feats of its day.
 * The Sideling Hill road cut is a 340 ft deep road cut where Interstate 68 cuts through Sideling Hill. It is notable as an impressive man-made mountain pass, visible from miles away and one of the best rock exposures in Maryland and indeed in the entire northeastern United States. Almost 810 ft of strata in a tightly folded syncline are exposed in this road cut.
 * Dan's Mountain State Park

Notable landmarks
Some of Cumberland's most architecturally significant homes are located in the Washington Street Historic District. Considered the elite residential area when the city was at its economic peak, Washington Street was home to the region's leading citizens including the president of the C&O Canal. Significant public buildings include the Allegany County Courthouse, Allegany County Library, and Emmanuel Episcopal Church, located on the site of Fort Cumberland. It features Gothic Revival architecture with three large Tiffany windows, fort tunnels, and ammunition magazine cellars.

The 1850 Emmanuel Episcopal Church, standing at the eastern end of the Washington Street Historic District, is one of Maryland's most outstanding examples of early Gothic Revival architecture. The Allegany County Courthouse dominates the city's skyline. It was designed in 1893 by local architect Wright Butler. The Queen City Hotel was built by the B&O during the 1870s. The battle to preserve it was lost when the building was demolished in 1972. Temple B'er Chayim's 1865 Gothic Revival building is one of the oldest surviving synagogue buildings in the United States.

Also of note are the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park Terminus at Canal Place, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, the Allegheny Highlands Trail of Maryland, the Cumberland Masonic Temple, the Allegany Arts Council, Rocky Gap State Park, Cumberland Narrows along Wills Creek, on Alternate U.S. 40.

Government
Cumberland's has Council–manager government composed of an elected mayor, four elected city council members, and an appointed city administrator. Cumberland's current mayor is Ray Morriss, who was elected in 2018 after defeating two-term incumbent Brian Grim. The current city council members are Eugene T. Frazier, Richard J. "Rock" Cioni, Laurie P. Marchini, and Joseph P. George. The city council holds public meetings twice per month.

In fiscal year 2021, the city government recognized $46.4million in revenue, and it incurred $42.2million of expenses. During that period, the city government employed 234 people.

In the Maryland Senate, Cumberland is represented by Republican Mike McKay of District 1. In the Maryland House of Delegates, the entirety of the city of Cumberland, plus much of northwestern Allegany County, is represented by Republican and House Minority Leader Jason Buckel of District 1B.

Cumberland is located in Maryland's 6th congressional district, and is represented in the House of Representatives by Democrat David Trone, and is represented by Maryland's two Senators, Democrats Ben Cardin and Chris Van Hollen, the former of which operates a field office in Downtown Cumberland.

Education
In 1864 the state legislature provided funds, and a structure for obtaining local funds from taxes and private donations for the purpose of funding schools for Negroes. The first public school for African-Americans in Cumberland operated in a colored YMCA on Independence Street, and was named the Mary Hoye school. In 1923 a new school for blacks was built on Frederick Street. In 1941 an election was held of students and faculty, and the school was renamed George Washington Carver School. In addition to serving the local population, many black people from surrounding areas in West Virginia sent their children to Carver because of the inadequate local facilities. The schools were integrated in 1955, when 54 African American children attended the white schools. In 1956, 3 black students became the first to graduate from Allegany County's newly integrated schools.

The offices of Allegany County Public Schools are located in Cumberland. Two public high schools serving grades 9-12 are located in the city: Allegany High School, located on Seton Drive atop Haystack Mountain, and Fort Hill High School, located on Greenway Avenue in the eastern part of the city. These schools are fed into by two middle schools, serving grades 6-8, also located in the city. Due to zoning, students attending Braddock Middle School, located on Holland Street on the city's North End, will generally attend Allegany, while students attending Washington Middle School, located on Massachusetts Avenue in the southeastern corner of the city, will generally attend Fort Hill. Public elementary schools serving students from pre-kindergarten through 5th grade located in the city of Cumberland include John Humbird Elementary, South Penn Elementary, and West Side Elementary. Some students residing in the North End of Cumberland may attend Northeast Elementary School, which sits just outside city limits in the neighborhood of Bowmans Addition.

Cumberland is home to two parochial schools. Bishop Walsh School is a K-12 Catholic school, located atop Haystack Mountain. The school is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, and is partially run by the School Sisters of Notre Dame. Lighthouse Christian Academy is a K-12 Christian school, co-located with the Central Assembly of God church on Bedford Street on the north edge of the city's limits.

Approximately 39,000 people hold library cards in Allegany County, with libraries such as Washington Street Library and Lavale Public Library and several others.

Media
Cumberland has several media outlets; most carry some form of satellite programming. WCBC-AM and WFRB-FM have some local news content, but do not have reporters collecting it. The closest public radio station is WFWM, at Frostburg, Maryland. Allegany Magazine is a recent media addition. The Cumberland Times-News is the area's daily newspaper.

Utilities
Water and sewer service is supplied by the City of Cumberland. The municipal watershed is located to the north within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Water is drawn from two lakes on city land, Gordon and Koon. Electricity service is supplied by the Potomac Edison Company, which is a unit of FirstEnergy, while natural gas service is supplied by Columbia Gas of Maryland. There was once a working oil well that pumped crude oil from a location near the Fruit Bowl in the Cumberland Narrows. Hospitals include UPMC Western Maryland and Thomas B. Finan Center.

Air
The Greater Cumberland Regional Airport (Airport-ID: CBE) provides local air transportation to the Cumberland area, located in Wiley Ford, West Virginia, to the south of the Potomac River. Mexico Farms Airport (Airport-ID: 1W3) is also in Cumberland.

Roads and highways
Several primary highways serve Cumberland. The most prominent of these is Interstate 68, which runs concurrent with U.S. Route 40 through the city. I-68 and US 40 head eastward to Hancock, where they junction with Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 522. To the west, I-68 and US 40 separate in Keysers Ridge, with I-68 continuing west to Morgantown, West Virginia and a junction with Interstate 79. US 40 heads northwestward into southern Pennsylvania.

U.S. Route 220 also passes through Cumberland, mostly concurrent with I-68 and US 40. However, near the city limits on either end of its route through the city, US 220 diverges north and south from I-68 and US 40. To the north, US 220 heads for Bedford, Pennsylvania, while southwards, it reaches Keyser.

Other significant roads serving Cumberland include U.S. Route 40 Alternate, Maryland Route 51, Maryland Route 61, Maryland Route 639 and Maryland Route 807.

Public transportation
The primary public transportation in the City of Cumberland is bus service provided by Allegany County Transit. This service consists of five scheduled routes that reach most areas of the city and provide access to most public facilities. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides intercity service to Cumberland via the Capitol Limited, which runs between Washington Union Station, and Union Station Chicago. The Cumberland Amtrak Station is located downtown at Queen City Drive and East Harrison Street. The Western Maryland Scenic Railroad operates steam and diesel excursion trains from Cumberland to Frostburg and back. CSX had a large hump yard for full service to Pittsburgh over Sand patch grade to the west, the Grafton, West Virginia, line to the south, & the Baltimore, Maryland, line to the east.

In popular culture
The webcomic The Adventures of Dr. McNinja by Christopher Hastings is set in part in a fictionalized version of Cumberland.

Sister cities

 * Flag of Estonia.svg Tapa, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia
 * Flag of Estonia.svg Viljandi, Estonia

title: Cumberland, Maryland