text:
Edna Bay, Alaska

Edna Bay is a city on Kosciusko Island in the unorganized borough, and for census purposes in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. The community was officially incorporated on October 13, 2014, and has a population of 51 permanent residents and 12 part-time residents as of January 2024.

Edna Bay is the only populated town on Kosciusko Island, and has both year-round and part-time residents. Year-round residents are either retired or work primarily in the fishing and logging industries. Some permanent residents also work seasonally off-island in various industries. Due to the very remote location of Edna Bay and the subsequent difficulty and expense of traveling between Edna Bay and larger Southeast Alaska communities, subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering comprise a large portion of the livelihood activities for residents of Edna Bay.

Geography
Edna Bay is located at 55.97861°N, -133.67639°W (55.978539, -133.676356).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Edna Bay has a total area of 58.8 sqmi, of which, 56.0 sqmi of it is land and 2.8 sqmi of it (4.80%) is water.

Demographics
Edna Bay first appeared on the 1950 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It appeared again in 1960 and 1970, but did not appear on the 1980 census. In 1990, it was made a census-designated place (CDP). It formally incorporated in 2014.

As of the census of 2000, there were 49 people, 19 households, and 14 families residing in the city. The population density was 0.9 PD/sqmi. There were 40 housing units at an average density of 0.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.92% White, and 4.08% from two or more races.

There were 19 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, and 26.3% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 18.4% from 25 to 44, 40.8% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 157.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 133.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,583, and the median income for a family was $49,063. Males had a median income of $40,625 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $58,967. There were 15.4% of families and 23.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 29.4% of under eighteens and 50.0% of those over 64.

Economy
, Edna Bay hosts a combined general store and post office, a non-denominational Christian church, several sawmills and two licensed building contractors. There is a small state-owned marina and float-plane dock which are unattended (self-service). At present there are cabin rentals and two lodges on Kosciusko Island. Visitors to Edna Bay without a local contact would be well advised to bring with them everything needed for remote outdoor survival, although food and a limited selection of non-food supplies can be purchased at the general store located approximately 3 miles by road from the marina. The general store and post office is open from 2PM to 4PM Tuesdays through Saturdays. Most land in and around Edna Bay is privately held and there are no public camping or day-use facilities. Unescorted visitors should first check with the local residents before attempting to trespass, camp, or hunt in the area.

Residents of Edna Bay have available to them both land-line telephone and broadband internet. Cellular phone service in Edna Bay is rare and intermittent. There are two outdoor public phones (one at the marina inside the access ramp and another located on the opposite side of the bay from the marina). Starting in 2008, Edna Bay will also be home to an engineering and software development company, made possible due to the broadband-internet service brought to the community by the State of Alaska and AP&T.

title: Edna Bay, Alaska


text:
Hollis, Alaska

Hollis is a census-designated place (CDP) on Prince of Wales Island in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 65, down from 139 in 2000.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 64.6 sqmi, of which, 63.2 sqmi of it is land and 1.4 sqmi of it (2.15%) is water.

Climate
Hollis has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb).

Demographics
Hollis first appeared on the 1960 U.S. Census as an unincorporated community. It did not appear again until 1990, when it was made a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 139 people, 55 households, and 38 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2.2 PD/sqmi. There were 95 housing units at an average density of 1.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.93% White, 5.04% Native American, 0.72% Asian, and 4.32% from two or more races. 2.16% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 55 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 32.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 131.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 141.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $55,625. Males had a median income of $41,875 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,278. There were 6.5% of families and 9.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 15.7% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
Hollis School is part of the Southeast Island School District. In 2011, there were a documented 12 students attending.

Transportation
Hollis has historically served as the transportation gateway for Prince of Wales Island to the regional hub of Ketchikan. There is a rental car company in Hollis called Hollis Adventure Rentals.

Ferry
At first, it was the only community of Prince of Wales Island to receive ferry access from the Alaska Marine Highway, but in 2002, the Marine Highway ceased service to Hollis in lieu of the new Inter-Island Ferry Authority (IFA). Now Hollis is homeport to the IFA's first ship, the M/V Prince of Wales which makes daily runs between Hollis and Ketchikan. As such, access to Ketchikan is available to Prince of Wales Island communities through the island's road network.

Shuttles/taxi
A few shuttle bus, taxi cab, and trucking companies provide regular service from the Hollis and Coffman Cove, Alaska ferry terminals to the other Prince of Wales island communities.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hollis, Alaska


text:
Hydaburg, Alaska

Hydaburg (Higdáa G̱ándlaay in Haida) is a first-class city in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 382 at the 2000 census and 376 as of the 2010 census. The name "Hydaburg" refers to the Haida people.

Geography
Hydaburg is located at 55.20472°N, -132.82083°W (55.204699, -132.820859). It is the southernmost city on Prince of Wales Island. Hydaburg is located on the north shore of Sukkwan Strait, which connects to Cordova Bay through Hetta Inlet. It has the only port facility and public road access on Cordova Bay.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.3 sqmi, all land.

History
Hydaburg was formed in 1911 by consolidation of the three Haida villages on Cordova Bay. These villages were Howkan on the west coast of Long Island, Sukkwan at the northern end of Sukkwan Island, across Sukkwan Strait from Hydaburg, and Klinkwan on Prince of Wales Island at the mouth of Hunter Bay. The location was chosen because it had a reliable water supply. The town was incorporated in 1927. The Hydaburg Cooperative Association was established in 1938 shortly after the Indian Reorganization Act was extended to Alaska in 1936, supplanting the municipal government. It was the first IRA-recognized Village Council in Alaska. Residents petitioned to be granted an Indian Reservation as a way of securing their rights to the surrounding land. The area had previously been designated as the Hydaburg Indian Reservation from 1912-1926 but had been returned to the Tongass National Forest at community request in 1926. The Hydaburg Indian Reservation was established under the Indian Reorganization Act in 1949 but was invalidated by a US District Court decision in 1952.

Hydaburg was designated as a second-class City in the late 1960s and became a first-class city in 1973. The Hydaburg Cooperative Association remains as the federally recognized tribe, while the Haida Corporation is the village corporation under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.

Demographics
Hydaburg first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated in 1927.

As of the census of 2000, there were 382 people, 133 households, and 88 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,340.5 PD/sqmi. There were 154 housing units at an average density of 540.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.08% Native American, 9.42% White, 0.52% Black or African American, 0.52% Asian, and 4.45% from two or more races.

There were 133 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.60.

In the city the population was spread out, with 35.10% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,625, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $41,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,401. About 21.4% of families and 24.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Hydaburg, Alaska


text:
Hyder, Alaska

Hyder is a census-designated place in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 48 at the 2020 census, down from 87 in 2010. Hyder is accessible by road only from Stewart, British Columbia. It is popular with motorists wishing to visit Alaska without driving the length of the Alaska Highway. Hyder has no direct access to any Alaskan road. It is the southernmost community in the state that can be reached via car (others can be reached only by boat or plane). Hyder is Alaska's easternmost town.

Geography
Hyder is located at 55.94139°N, -130.05444°W (55.941442, -130.054504), at the end of the land border between Alaska and British Columbia and at the head of the Portland Canal, a 130 mi long fjord which forms a portion of the border at the southeastern edge of the Alaska Panhandle. It sits about 2 mi from Stewart, British Columbia, by road, and 75 mi from Ketchikan by air.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 14.8 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Hyder has a fairly typical Southeastern Alaskan oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb, borderline Dfb), although using the 0 C coldest-month isotherm it has an extremely wet and ocean-moderated version of a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) similar to that of Haines although substantially wetter.

Demographics
Hyder first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It was chosen as the central part of its same-named census-designated place (CDP) in 1980.

As of the census of 2000, there were 97 people, 47 households, and 25 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6.5 PD/sqmi. There were 72 housing units at an average density of 4.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93 White, and 4 from two or more races. There was 1 Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 47 households, out of which 9 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24 were married couples living together, 1 had a female householder with no husband present, and 21 were non-families. 19 of all households were made up of individuals, and 3 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18 under 18, 11 from 18 to 24, 16 from 25 to 44, 45 from 45 to 64, and 7 who were 65 or older. The median age was 46 years. There were 44 females and 53 males, of them 34 females were age 18 and over, as were 45 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $11,719, and the median income for a family was $30,500. Males had a median income of $56,250 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,491. There were 44.4% of families and 54.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 81.0% under 18, and 50.0% over 64.

Transportation

Stewart, British Columbia, immediately borders Hyder and is accessible by road via International Street. Outside of the town site, NFD-88 heads in a northerly direction winding through the Tongass National Forest, and enters the outer extent of Stewart's municipal limits continuing as Granduc Road. There are few local roads, and no roads connect Hyder to any other Alaskan communities, except through Canada. The AMHS ferry that once connected Hyder to Ketchikan stopped running in the 1990s, leaving the Taquan Air floatplane that arrives twice a week with U.S. Mail at Hyder Seaplane Base as the only direct public transportation between Hyder and the rest of Alaska.

Local services
There are few local services in town:
 * US Postal Service
 * US Forest Service Info Kiosk and observation site
 * Hyder Community Association, home to museum, information center and library

Public utilities
Hyder's public utilities are imported from Canada. Electricity is maintained by a subsidiary of BC Hydro, the Tongass Power and Light Company as part of a long-term contract with the town. While most of Alaska is in area code 907, Hyder shares the Stewart 749 exchange in area code 236, 636 in area code 250, and 794 in area code 778.

Public safety
Alaska State Troopers occasionally patrol the town, but do not have a base there. In 1996, during an Independence Day fireworks display, the organizers accidentally burned down their fire hall with the fire engine inside. Ambulances and fire fighters from Stewart can operate in Hyder.

A Canada Border Services Agency customs post is on the only connecting road out of Hyder and there is no complementary American border patrol presence.

History

The Nisga'a, who lived around the Nass River, called the head of Portland Canal "Skam-A-Kounst," meaning safe place, probably because it served them as a retreat from the harassment of the Haidas on the coast. They traveled in the area seasonally to pick berries.

The area around the Portland Canal was explored in 1896 by Captain D.D. Gaillard of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

In 1898, gold and silver lodes were discovered in the region, mainly on the Canadian side, in the upper Salmon River basin. The Stewart brothers, for whom the British Columbia town was named, arrived in 1902.

Hyder was established in 1907 as "Portland City", after the canal. In 1914, when the US Post Office Department told residents that there were many U.S. communities named Portland, it was renamed Hyder, after Frederick Hyder, a Canadian mining engineer who envisioned a bright future for the area. Hyder was the only practical point of access to the silver mines in Canada; the community became the port, supply point, and post office for miners by 1917. Hyder's boom years were the 1920s, when the Riverside Mine on the U.S. side extracted gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and tungsten. The mine operated from 1924 to 1950.

In 1928, the Hyder business district was consumed by fire. By 1956 all significant mining had ceased, except for the Granduc Mine on the Canadian side, which operated until 1984 and 2010 to present. Westmin Resources Ltd operated a gold and silver mine on the Canadian side in Premier, British Columbia, but is not currently active.

Culture
Hyder is accessible by highway from Stewart, which connects with the British Columbia highway system. In the mid-2010s, Hyder residents said that more than 100,000 tourists came to Hyder annually. It is the location of the annual Hyder Seek gathering of long-distance motorcyclists who travel from all over North America each Memorial Day weekend. It became popular with long-distance motorcycle riders in 1998, when author Ron Ayres set a record of riding to the contiguous 48 states in six days. Ayres went on to add to the 48-state record by continuing on to Hyder to establish a new 49-state record of 7 days, 0 hours and 20 minutes. Ayres named the new long distance ride the "48 Plus" and it has become popular with members of the long-distance motorcycle riding Iron Butt Association. Hyder was the starting point of the 2014 coast-to-coast Scooter Cannonball Run, which ended in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Because of its accessible proximity to Stewart, and its isolation from other communities in Alaska, Hyder has many commonalities with its Canadian neighbor, with both American and Canadian holidays observed, and a shared international Chamber of Commerce. It is the only place in Alaska not to use the 907 area code, instead using British Columbia's 250. Although Hyder is officially in the Alaska Time Zone, residents set their clocks to British Columbia's Pacific Time. Both American and Canadian currency are accepted, except by the U.S. Post Office, which only accepts U.S. dollars.

A local tradition is known as being "Hyderized", with two of the town's bars issuing certificates to patrons who consume a shot of 151 proof (75.5% alcohol) Everclear.

Education
Southeast Island School District operates the Hyder School.

Children who live in Hyder have attended the Bear Valley School in Stewart, but Hyder has school when the community meets the Alaska minimum of 10 children for the state to provide a teacher.

Trivia
At the border crossing to Stewart, there is a humorous imitation of a sign at the historic Berlin border crossing Checkpoint Charlie with the inscription "You are leaving the American Sector" in English, French, and German, as well as a sign reading "Eastern Sektor". The sign was erected in 2015 as a protest after the Canadian administration announced plans to close the border control at night.

title: Hyder, Alaska


text:
Kasaan, Alaska

Kasaan  is a city in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 49 at the 2010 census, up from 39 in 2000. The name "Kasaan" comes from Tlingit Kasa'aan, meaning "pretty town".

History
Kasaan is one of the main historical communities of the Kaigani Haida. It is the most northernly Haida settlement. It was established by the Haida in protohistoric times or earlier, as part of a migration across the Dixon Entrance, from Dadens and other villages of Langara Island, Haida Gwaii, to Dall Island and Prince of Wales Island.

Beginning in the late 1700s, European and American ships began regularly visiting and trading with Kasaan and the rest of the Haida. Most early visiting ships were part of the maritime fur trade. The nearby trading site, "Kaigani", was one of the most popular on the Pacific Northwest coast. This trade brought wealth, but also disease; the first smallpox epidemic hit Kasaan in 1794. A rough census was taken of Kasaan between 1836 and 1841 by John Work of the Hudson's Bay Company. He reported 249 people living in the village. The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic killed over 70% of all Haida people. The first official census was taken in 1880, and lists only 173 at Kasaan. In the 1880s and 1890s, Alaska Steamship Company boats regularly visited a nearby fish saltery and packing business, and sometimes Kasaan. Tourists visiting Kasaan helped spark trade in Haida artifacts and new artwork.

Residents moved from their former village on Skowl Arm (now called Old Kasaan), starting in 1893, and mostly in the period 1902–1904. In 1901, the leaders of Kasaan were persuaded by the Kasaan Bay Mining Company to relocate the entire village to a new site closer to the copper mine. This migration was prompted by the promise of jobs and a school occasioned by development of copper mining and a cannery near the present location. Kasaan was established as a city in 1976.

Old Kasaan was completely abandoned by 1904, and the remains were partly destroyed by fire in 1915. The site was declared a national monument in 1916, though Old Kasaan National Monument was largely neglected and a planned restoration was not done. In 1938 five historic and three replica totem poles were moved to New Kasaan. In 1955, the site was removed from the National Park System. It became Forest Service jurisdiction, which established a 38-acre Old Kasaan Village Historical Area in 1957. The relocated totem poles and a relocated house in New Kasaan were designated the Chief Son-I-Hat's Whale House and Totems Historic District in 2002.

Geography
Kasaan is located at 55.54167°N, -132.40194°W (55.541748, -132.401821).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 sqmi, of which, 5.3 sqmi of it is land and 0.9 sqmi of it (14.58%) is water.

Kasaan means "pretty town" in the Tlingit language.

Demographics
Kasaan first appeared on the 1910 U.S. Census as an unincorporated native village. It formally incorporated in 1976.

As of the 2000 census, there were 39 people, 17 households, and 12 families residing in the city. The population density was 7.3 PD/sqmi. There were 39 housing units at an average density of 7.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup was 20 White residents, 15 Native American, and 4 from two or more races; 1 resident was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 17 households, out of which 3 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 11 were married couples living together, 1 had a female householder with no husband present, and 5 were non-families. 4 households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 8 residents under the age of 18, 3 from 18 to 24, 9 from 25 to 44, 15 from 45 to 64, and 4 who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. There were 22 male residents and 17 female, with 18 and 13 over the age of 18, giving a ratio of 129.4 males per 100 females and 138.5 males per 100 females age 18 and over.

The median income for a household was $43,500, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income was $19,743. No residents were living below the poverty line.

Government
A second-class city, Kasaan is administered by a mayor and city council, of which the mayor is a member. City elections are conducted on the first Tuesday of October, and city council meetings are held on the third Tuesday of each month.

Education
The area is served by the Barry Craig Stewart Kasaan School, which is part of the Southeast Island School District.

title: Kasaan, Alaska


text:
Klawock, Alaska

Klawock is a city in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, in the U.S. state of Alaska, on the west coast of Prince of Wales Island, on Klawock Inlet, across from Klawock Island. The population was 755 at the 2010 census, down from 854 in 2000. It is located 90 km from Ketchikan, 11 km from Craig, and 39 km from Hollis.

History
Klawock's first settlers were Tlingit who came from the northern winter village of Tuxekan. They used it as a fishing camp for the summer period, and called it by several different names: Klawerak, Tlevak, Clevak, and Klawak. The name "Klawock" is derived from the Tlingit name Lawá, the man who founded the community. In 1853 a Russian navigator referred to the village as "Klyakkhan", and in 1855 as "Thlewakh".

In 1868, European Americans opened a trading post and a salmon saltery; some years later, in 1878, a San Francisco firm opened the first cannery in Alaska. In the following decades, several others were established. A United States post office was established in 1882. The 1890 census recorded the town's population as 260.

The Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) and Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS), nonprofit organizations working for civil rights of Alaska Natives, were established by residents in 1912. Its founders and many volunteers built the Town Hall and a community center in 1939, during the Great Depression.

In 1929 the town was incorporated as a city, and in 1934 Congress awarded federal funding for the expansion of the cannery, on the condition that the community remains liquor-free. At the same time, the Klawock Cooperative Association (a nonprofit organization) was formed to manage the cannery.

Geography
Klawock is located at 55.555°N, -133.08528°W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.9 sqmi, of which, 0.6 sqmi of it is land and 0.3 sqmi of it (34.83%) is water.

Climate
Klawock has a warm summer oceanic climate.

Demographics
Klawock first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the unincorporated Tlingit village of "Klawak." It continued to report as Klawak in 1890–1910, with the alternative spelling of "Klawock" first appearing in the latter census. In 1920, it was reported exclusively as Klawock. In 1929, it was officially incorporated.

As of the census of 2000, there were 854 people, 313 households, and 215 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,465.4 PD/sqmi. There were 368 housing units at an average density of 631.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 40.98% White, 50.94% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 7.38% from two or more races. 1.41% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 313 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 30.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $38,839. Males had a median income of $38,977 versus $23,036 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,621. About 13.6% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
Klawock has the oldest hatchery in Alaska. This industry enhances the runs of salmon, including sockeye, coho, and steelhead. A sawmill and area logging operations are located here.

Klawock has a harbor, often used by tourists as a departure point for trips or boating exploration of the bays, inlets, and surrounding islands.

Each February 16, the ANB/ANS organizations sponsor the "Elizabeth Peratrovich Celebration" with ceremonies and a potluck, honoring the anniversary of the passage of the landmark legislation. The city also sponsors a summer festival, the "Celebration by the Sea."

A Totem Park has 21 totem poles, one of the largest collections in Alaska: it displays original and replica totems from the old village of Tuxekan. The city built a carving shed to house the poles during restoration, which can be visited. In 1998 the city commissioned the construction of a Long House (named Gaanì Ax Adi) with a new totem pole.

A cruise ship port opened in Klawock in May, 2024. The first ship to dock there was the Seabourn Odyssey, on an 80 day cruise that began in Sydney. The facility is owned and operated by Tlingit companies.

Law and government
There is a mayor and a council, but the city is not located in any borough. The local government manages the water, wastewater, refuse collection, trailer court, landfill, boat harbor, liquor store, and boat ramp utilities. There is a local sales tax of 5.5%, of which 0.5% is devoted to education, and no property tax.

There are four full-time police officers. There is also a volunteer fire department with 27 members, an EMS squad of 6-8 trained volunteers, and a search and rescue office (serving all of Prince of Wales Island) with 57 members.

Education
There is a school with grades K-6 and a high school with grades 7-12 both administered by the Klawock City School District. On average, 200 students are enrolled yearly. The Head Start school (three- to four-year-olds) is run by the Tlingit and Haida Central Council.

Airport
The 5,000 foot and paved Klawock Airport is the only airport on Prince of Wales Island and serves as the air transport gateway for nearby Craig as well. It receives charters and daily scheduled passenger service from Ketchikan from Island Air Express. Alaska Seaplanes provides flights from Juneau and Sitka.

Ferry
Ferry service is available through the Inter-Island Ferry Authority from either Prince of Wales Island communities of Hollis (M/V Prince of Wales, with service to Ketchikan) or Coffman Cove (M/V Stikine, with service to Wrangell or Petersburg) which are both accessible through Prince of Wales' road system.

Notable people

 * Frank Peratrovich (1895–1984), then-mayor of Klawock and later president of the ANB, became one of the 55 delegates to the Alaska Constitutional Convention in 1955
 * Elizabeth Peratrovich (1911–1958), sister-in-law of Frank, president of the Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS), worked in the 1940s on anti-discrimination legislation. She is credited with gaining Senate approval in 1945 due to her passionate testimony about the effects of discrimination. The state has recognized her contribution, naming February 16 and Gallery B of the State Capitol in her honor

title: Klawock, Alaska


text:
Metlakatla, Alaska

Metlakatla (Tsimshian: Maxłakxaała or Wil uks t’aa mediik; Lingít: Tàakw.àani ) is a census-designated place (CDP) on Annette Island in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,405; this had grown to 1,454 by the 2020 census.

Since the late 19th century, it has been the major settlement of the Metlakatla Indian Community of the federally recognized Annette Island Reserve, the only remaining reserve in Alaska. The Metlakatla voted to opt out of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of the 1970s and retained rights to their land and waters. Membership in the community is primarily by lineage; it consists primarily of Tsimshian people and also includes those from other Alaskan Native tribes who wish to join the Metlakatla Indian Community as a bona fide member. Bona fide membership is granted upon approval of the Metlakatla Tribal Council and Executives.

History
Metlakatla comes from Maxłakxaała, a Tsimshian word meaning "saltwater passage." Metlakatla was named after another village of the same name ("Old Metlakatla") in British Columbia, which is on Metlakatla Pass, near Prince Rupert. In a more ancient time, it was a Tlingit hunting ground known as Taquan. The Tsimshian were granted permission to occupy the land by Chief Johnson of the Tlingit tribe.

In 1886, William Duncan, an English tannery employee and lay member of the Church Missionary Society, had a doctrinal dispute with the Church authorities in Metlakatla, B.C. He and a devoted group of Tsimshian followers decided to leave Metlakatla. Duncan went to Washington, D.C., in the United States and asked the U.S. government to give his group land in Alaska. The U.S. under President Cleveland gave them Annette Island after a Tsimshian search committee in seagoing canoes discovered its calm bay, accessible beaches, nearby waterfall, and abundant fish.

In 1887, the group arrived on the island and built a settlement in the Port Chester area. They laid out the town in a European-style grid pattern. It contained a church, a school, a cannery, and a sawmill. They named the town New Metlakatla, after the town they had left behind, but later dropped the "New." In 1888, William Duncan returned to Washington and lobbied the U.S. Congress for an Indian reserve on Annette Island. Although the reservation system had not been used in Alaska, Congress granted his request in 1891. Duncan remained at Metlakatla until his death in 1918.

During World War II, the United States made a treaty with the Metlakatla Indian Community to permit construction and operation of a military airbase on Annette Island. In exchange, the US promised to build a road connecting the ocean-side city to Alaska's Inside Passage (in order to allow year-round ferry service to Ketchikan). The airfield on Annette Island was garrisoned by Canadians during the war. This airfield became "the first Canadian force ever based in U.S. territory to directly assist in American defense."

After the war, the property was adapted as a United States Coast Guard search and rescue base. This airfield served the area commercially until the 1970s, when the new Ketchikan Airport was built at Gravina Island in the Inside Passage.

Annette Islands Reserve, including surrounding islands, today is the only Indian Reserve in Alaska. In the 1970s, the Metlakatla did not accept the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act and thus kept the Reserve Status, and maintained sovereign immunity. "Annette Islands Reserve consists of 132,000 acres of land and water base. Metlakatla Indian Community has exclusive commercial and subsistence fishing rights to the islands’ waterways extending from 3,000 feet at mean low tide." Please note that the Annette island's Reserve is not a reservation. It is a reserve

Travelers into Metlakatla usually reach it via the Alaska Marine Highway ferry. They can also travel to Ketchikan on Revillagigedo Island and cross the Revillagigedo Channel to Annette Island by boat or seaplane.

More than 50 years after the end of WWII, in 1997 the US Federal Government began construction of the cross-island road promised to Metlakatla under its wartime M.O.A. treaty. From 1997 to 2007, a joint task force under the overall command of Alaska Command, and led by the Missouri Army National Guard, worked at constructing a 15-mile road from one side of Annette Island to the other. Members of the Active and Reserve components of the Army, Navy, United States Air Force, and the Marines deployed to the island on 2- to 3-week rotations to build the road.

Geography and climate
Metlakatla is located at 55.12694°N, -131.57639°W (55.126916, −131.576393). It is within the Port Chester Bay, on Annette Island, about 25 km south of Ketchikan.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.3 sqmi, of which, 2.3 sqmi of it is land and 0.04 sqmi of it (0.85%) is water.

Metlakatla has a Marine west coast climate (Köppen Cfb), with windy and wet weather year-round, cool winters, and mild summers, and straddles the border between USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 7 and 8. Due to its southerly and maritime location, with an annual mean temperature of 47.7 °F, the town is one of the warmest locations statewide. Most days during the winter see precipitation fall, and the seasonal total snowfall of 34.8 in occurs mostly from November to March, with some accumulation during April; warm spells raise the high to 50 °F for several days each month. During summer, there is an average of 23 days with 70 °F+ highs, and rain still falls on around half of the days. Precipitation averages more than 101 in annually, with June and July being the driest months and October and November the wettest. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −4 °F on January 30, 1947, up to 93 °F on June 19, 2004, with the temperature having fallen below 0 °F only on a handful of occasions. In addition, the Annette Island Airport holds the Alaska state monthly record high temperatures for April (82 °F on April 29, 1976) and November (67 °F on November 1, 1970).

Demographics
Metlakatla first appeared on the 1890 U.S. Census as the unincorporated (Tsimshian) village of "Metlakahtla." From 1900-30, it returned as Metlakatla. From 1940-60, it was spelled as "Metlakahtla" again. In 1970 and in every census since, it has been spelled as Metlakatla. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) beginning in 1980.

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,375 people, 469 households, and 338 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 593.4 PD/sqmi. There were 531 housing units at an average density of 229.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 9.53% White, 0.22% Black or African American, 81.82% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 7.85% from two or more races. 1.82% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 469 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.50.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,516, and the median income for a family was $49,671. Males had a median income of $36,696 versus $22,292 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,140. About 7.7% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Metlakatla is served by the Annette Island School District.

A free Adult Education and GED program serves the community. It is run through the Southeast Regional Resource Center, which is based out of Juneau.

title: Metlakatla, Alaska


text:
Meyers Chuck, Wrangell

Meyers Chuck is a former census-designated place in the City and Borough of Wrangell, Alaska, United States. The population was 21 at the 2000 census, at which time it was in the former Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area. On June 1, 2008, it was annexed into the newly created City and Borough of Wrangell, most of whose territory came from the former Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area.

Geography
Meyers Chuck is located at 55.74194°N, -132.26333°W (55.742005, -132.263441). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 0.8 sqmi, of which, 0.6 sqmi of it is land and 0.2 sqmi of it (28.05%) is water. There are only two ways to get to Meyers Chuck, Alaska: by boat or float plane.

Demographics
Meyers Chuck first reported on the 1950 U.S. Census as the unincorporated village of "Meyer's Chuck." From 1950–70, it was returned as "Myers Chuck." In 1980 it returned as Meyers Chuck, when it was made a census-designated place (CDP). In 2008, it was formally annexed into Wrangell.

As of the census of 2000, there were 21 people, 9 households, and 7 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 36.0 PD/sqmi. There were 48 housing units at an average density of 82.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.48% White, and 9.52% from two or more races.

There were nine households, of which two had children under the age of 18 living with them, six were married couples living together, one had a female householder with no husband present, and two were non-families. No households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.29.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 9.5% under the age of 18, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 61.9% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $64,375, and the median income for a family was $64,375. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,660. There were no one living below the poverty line.

title: Meyers Chuck, Wrangell


text:
Naukati Bay, Alaska

Naukati Bay (Lingít: Nàakig̱èey ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area of the Unorganized Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 113 at the 2010 census, down from 135 in 2000.

Also known as Naukati or Naukati West, the community lies approximately 30 mi north of Craig and 20 mi southwest of Coffman Cove on Prince of Wales Island, within the Unorganized Borough. Naukati Bay Subdivision East and West are located on the east side of Tuxekan Passage in Naukati Bay. The community of Naukati Bay has developed over the past 30 years from its original logging camp status to an independent community. Primary local access is via unpaved gravel logging roads. The area was extensively clear cut over the past 30 years, and the resulting regrowth is quite dense. Vegetation is typical temperate rain forest.

Climate
The area is dominated by a cool, maritime climate. Average temperatures in the summer range from 46 to 70; winter temperatures range from 32 to 42.

Geography
Naukati Bay is located at 55.87361°N, -133.18472°W, elevation: 207 ft (Section 18, Township 069 South, Range 080 East, Copper River Meridian) between a pair of sheltered bays (Little Naukati Bay and Naukati Bay) on the West coast of Prince of Wales Island in South-East Alaska. Naukati Bay is located in the Ketchikan Recording District.

Naukati Bay, census-designated place (CDP) tract's Centroid is at 55.8825°N, -133.195°W, elevation: 13 ft The United States Census Bureau adjusted the census-designated place tract's boundaries from 1990 to 2008, resulting in the shift of the CDP's Centroid coordinates seen above, i.e. the ground has not moved, but the places where the Census counts has.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.1 sqmi, of which, 4.8 sqmi of it is land and 0.2 sqmi of it (4.95%) is water.

Naukati Bay
Naukati Bay is a natural sheltered harbor at Naukati Bay, Alaska, on the Western shores of Prince of Wales Island, on the Pacific Ocean at 55.87611°N, -133.1575°W, elevation: 0 ft

Naukati Bay is the largest indentation in the East shore of Tuxekan Passage. Its entrance, about 2 mi North of Staney Island, is constricted by rocks and kelp, and the entire area has numerous islets, reefs, and rocks. In the narrow winding channel, 3 fathoms can be carried well in toward the head of the bay.

Naukati Creek
Naukati Creek is a stream with its mouth at 55.88861°N, -133.14778°W, elevation (at mouth): 16 ft, which originates from a small lake at 55.89333°N, -133.09056°W, elevation:, and flows 3.5 mi West to Naukati Bay.

History
It was a logging camp at one time, but later was settled as an Alaska Department of Natural Resources land disposal site.

Name
Named "Naukatee Bay" in 1904 by the U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, who recorded it as the local Indian name. Local name recorded in 1949 by United States Geological Survey.

Little Naukati Bay
Little Naukati Bay is a natural sheltered harbor at Naukati Bay, Alaska, on the Western shores of Prince of Wales Island, on the Pacific Ocean at 55.87667°N, -133.2125°W, elevation: 20 ft

Little Naukati Bay, on the East side of Tuxekan Narrows and about 6.5 mi North of Kauda Point, is not recommended as a small-boat anchorage. At low water its entrance is almost closed by rocks and reefs. The best water into it is the North channel. The narrows North-West of Little Naukati Bay is relatively clear and deep.

Demographics
Naukati Bay first reported on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the census of 2000, there were 135 people, 60 households, and 34 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 28.1 PD/sqmi. There were 78 housing units at an average density of 16.3 /sqmi, and 18 vacant housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.67% White, 0.74% Black or African American, 9.63% Native American, 2.22% Asian, 0.74% from other races. 0.74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 60 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.3% were non-families. 41.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 32.6% under the age of 18, 1.5% from 18 to 24, 34.8% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 2.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 150.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 160.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,500, and the median income for a family was $32,917. Males had a median income of $51,875 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,950. There were 6.9% of families and 9.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Culture
Naukati residents are logging families and homesteaders. Two community non-profit associations have been organized for planning and local issue purposes. Sale of alcohol is restricted to the local package store.

Water and Sewer
Water is derived from rain catchment and several small streams. The 9 logging camp homes are connected to a piped water and sewer system with full plumbing. The 27 homesteaders collect rainwater or haul water and use outhouses. Funds have been requested to study alternatives for a treated community water source and sewage disposal system.

Refuse
The community burns its refuse and ships the ash to Thorne Bay's landfill.

Utilities
Electricity is provided by Alaska Power Company.

Schools
There is one school located in the community, attended by 28 students. The school is the Naukati School, operated by Southeast Island School District.

Health Care
Auxiliary health care is provided by Naukati EMS (629-4234).

Economy
Small sawmills and related logging and lumber services are the sole income sources. Employment is seasonal. Naukati is a log transfer site for several smaller camps on the Island. Homesteading families arrived in the 1990s.

U.S. Census data for Year 2000 showed 39 residents as employed. The unemployment rate at that time was 29.09 percent, although 60.2 percent of all adults were not in the work force. The median household income was $27,500, per capita income was $15,949, and 9.45 percent of residents were living below the poverty level.

Transportation
Naukati is accessed primarily by float plane or off of the North Island Road.

title: Naukati Bay, Alaska


text:
Point Baker, Alaska

Point Baker (Lingít: X̱aaséedák’u) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 12 at the 2020 census, down from 15 in 2010 and 35 in 2000.

Geography
Point Baker is located at 56.3525°N, -133.62861°W (56.352425, −133.628479).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.88 sqmi, of which, 0.88 sqmi of it is land and 0.04 sqmi of it (3.96%) is water.

History
In 1975, Point Baker and Port Protection made national news when Zieske v Butz, a landmark lawsuit against the US Forest Service brought by Pnt Baker residents Charles Zieske, Alan Stein, and Herb Zieske, was decided by Judge James von der Heydt, the Alaska Federal District court judge. The lawsuit was initiated by Alan Stein and the Point Baker Association which had about 30 fishermen members from the communities of Pt baker and Port Protection. On December 24, 1975, von der Hedyt issued an injunction against all clearcutting on the North end of the Prince of Wales island from Red Bay to Calder Bay. The lawsuit stopped planned clear cutting on 400000 acre on the north end Island. Congress lifted the injunction when it passed the National Forest Management Act in 1976.

Twice more Pt Baker an Port Protection made headlines in 1989, in a landmark lawsuit called Stein v Barton, many of its residents fought for buffer strips on all the salmon streams of the Tongass and for protection of the Salmon Bay watershed. In the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act, lobbyists for an environmental group in Washington compromised with Senator Ted Stevens and only got part of the Salmon Bay watershed protected. The timber surrounding an important salmon stream was bargained away. This statute also protected all the salmon streams in the Tongass with 100 ft buffer strips during logging operations.

In February 2010, Senators Murkowski and Begich are pushing Senate Bill 881 through Congress. The bill has gone through extensive community meetings and subsequently the bill has changed and controversial areas, such as north Prince of Wales, have been removed from the draft bill. The draft bill privatizes significant acreage of National Forest Land by conveying it into the exclusive ownership of SEALASKA, a native Alaskan corporation.

In 2011, having failed to pass S 881 and almost lost her seat as a result to Joe Miller in the election, Murkowski introduced S 730. Nine Alaskan towns have opposed the bill so far. Sealaska would get the largest volume class timber remaining which is vital to protecting wolves and goshawks, both of which could be listed as endangered.

Recently a recall petition has been launched from Pt Baker's sister community, Edna Bay http://www.ednabayalaska.net/

Demographics
Point Baker first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It reappeared on the 1950 census. It did not report again until 1980, when it was made a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 35 people, 13 households, and 9 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 36.4 PD/sqmi. There were 23 housing units at an average density of 23.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.43% White, 2.86% Native American, and 5.71% from two or more races.

There were 13 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families, 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 25.7% under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,000, and the median income for a family was $28,250. Males had a median income of $0 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,580. There were no families and 4.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Point Baker, Alaska


text:
Port Protection, Alaska

Port Protection (Lingít: Kél) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 36 at the 2020 census, down from 48 in 2010 census.

Geography
Port Protection is located at 56.32194°N, -133.60667°W (56.322078, -133.606706).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.91 sqmi, of which, 3.71 sqmi of it is land and 0.20 sqmi of it (2.61%) is water.

History
In 1975, Port Protection and Point Baker made national news when Zieske v Butz, a landmark lawsuit against the US Forest Service brought by Point Baker residents Charles Zieske, Alan Stein and Herb Zieske, was decided by Judge James von der Heydt, the Alaska Federal District court judge. The lawsuit was initiated by Alan Stein and the Point Baker Association which had about 30 fishermen members from the communities of Pt Baker and Port Protection. On December 24, 1975, von der Hedyt issued an injunction against all clearcutting on the North end of the Prince of Wales island from Red Bay to Calder Bay. The lawsuit stopped planned clear cutting on 400,000 acres (1,600 km2) on the north end Island. Congress lifted the injunction when it passed the National Forest Management Act in 1976.

Twice more Port Protection and Pt Baker made headlines In 1989, in a landmark lawsuit called Stein v Barton, many of its residents fought for buffer strips on all the salmon streams of the Tongass and for protection of the Salmon Bay watershed. In the 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act, lobbyists for an environmental group in Washington compromised with Senator Ted Stevens and only got part of the Salmon Bay watershed protected. The timber surrounding an important salmon stream was bargained away. This statute also protected all the salmon streams in the Tongass with 100 ft buffer strips during logging operations.

Residents of the area are featured in the National Geographic Channel reality documentary series Life Below Zero: Port Protection, Port Protection, Alaska and its spinoff Lawless Island.

Demographics
Port Protection first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

At the 2000 census there were 63 people, 31 households, and 12 families in the CDP. The population density was 14.1 PD/sqmi. There were 52 housing units at an average density of 11.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.30% White, 1.59% Asian, and 11.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.76%.

Of the 31 households, 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.3% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.6% were non-families. 48.4% of households were one person, and 12.9% were one person aged 65 or older. One household housed the mayor Bill McNeff. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 152.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 152.6 males.

The median household income was $10,938 and the median family income was $41,250. Males had a median income of $0 versus 51,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,058. About 44.4% of families and 57.5% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 73.3% of under eighteens and 60.0% of those over 64.

title: Port Protection, Alaska


text:
Thorne Bay, Alaska

Thorne Bay is a city in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 476, up from 471 in 2010.

Geography
Thorne Bay is located at 55.67723°N, -132.55625°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.4 sqmi, of which, 25.5 sqmi of it is land and 4.8 sqmi of it (15.85%) is water.

Climate
The average temperature of Thorne Bay is 45 °F, which is much higher than the Alaska average temperature of 32 °F and is much lower than the national average temperature of 54 °F.

Demographics
Thorne Bay first appeared on the 1890 census as the unincorporated settlement of "Tolstoi Bay." It had 17 residents, of which 13 were Native and 4 were White. It would not appear again until 1970 when it returned as Thorne Bay, also an unincorporated village. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980. It formally incorporated in 1982.

As of the census of 2000, there were 557 people and 219 households, including 157 families, residing in the city. The population density was 21.8 PD/sqmi. There were 327 housing units at an average density of 12.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.46% Caucasian, 2.87% Alaska Native, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 3.95% from two or more races. 1.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 219 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 30.3% from 45 to 64, and 4.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,625, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $40,893 versus $34,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,836. About 6.3% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Namesake
Thorne Bay is named for Frank Manly Thorn (1836–1907), who served as the sixth Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1885 to 1889. The name of the bay was misspelled when published in the original record, and the spelling was never corrected to match the spelling of Thorn's last name.

History and culture
Thorne Bay originally began as a large logging camp for the Ketchikan Pulp Company in 1960 that was originally located in Hollis. Being a floating camp at the time, most Hollis residents resided in float houses. In the 1960s and 1970s it was the largest logging camp in North America and was host to over 1500 residents at its peak. It became a second-class city in 1982 and in 2001 the logging company pulled out having been a victim of breach of contract from the U.S. Forest Service. The U.S. Forest Service signed a fifty-year contract in 1954 guaranteeing 150 e6board foot per year for the pulp mill and sawmills in Ketchikan. By 1990 that figure was down to approximately 50 e6board foot per year. Currently Thorne Bay features many seasonal residents and an employment sector based primarily in Forest Service and public education.

World's largest logging camp
In the 1960s–1970s, Thorne Bay was the world's largest logging camp. Thorne Bay also has the world's largest tree grapple, which is known as "the claw". The grapple sits in front of the small town with a sign that says "Thorne Bay".

Education
The school is the Thorne Bay School, operated by Southeast Island School District.

title: Thorne Bay, Alaska


text:
Whale Pass, Alaska

Whale Pass is a second class city in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 31 at the 2010 census, down from 58 in 2000.

Geography
Whale Pass is located at 56.1125°N, -133.14194°W (56.112370, -133.141892).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 37.4 sqmi, of which, 35.6 sqmiis land and 1.8 sqmi(4.68%) is water.

Demographics
Whale Pass first appeared on the 1980 U.S. Census as the census-designated place (CDP) of "North Whale Pass." The name was shortened to Whale Pass effective as of the 1990 census. On January 31, 2017, residents voted to incorporate Whale Pass as a second-class city.

As of the census of 2000, there were 58 people, 22 households, and 13 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1.6 PD/sqmi. There were 51 housing units at an average density of 1.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.55% White, 1.72% Native American, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 6.90% of the population.

There were 22 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 34.5% from 45 to 64, and 3.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $62,083, and the median income for a family was $72,500. Males had a median income of $0 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,040. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

History
Whale Pass was originally a logging camp and was first recognized in 1980 as North Whale Pass, before shortening the name to simply Whale Pass. From 1980 to 2017, it was an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP). On January 31, 2017, residents voted to incorporate as a second-class city, receiving just under 75% of 46 ballots cast. This would make Whale Pass the state's 116th second-class city.

Education
The school is the Whale Pass School, operated by Southeast Island School District.

title: Whale Pass, Alaska


text:
Angoon, Alaska

Angoon (sometimes formerly spelled Angun, ) is a city on Admiralty Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 572; by the 2010 census the population had declined to 459. The name in Tlingit, Aangóon, means roughly "isthmus town."

History
Admiralty Island has long been the home of the Kootznoowoo Tlingit group, or Xootsnoowú Ḵwáan in Tlingit. Kootznoowoo means "fortress of brown bears", literally xoots-noow-ú "brown.bear-fortress-possessive". Angoon has a less-rainy climate than most of southeastern Alaska and was valued by the Tlingit for that reason.

During the Russian period in Alaska, from the 18th century to the mid-19th century, maritime fur trading was a major economic activity in the area.

In 1878, after the 1867 Alaska Purchase, the North West Trading Company established a trading post and whaling station on nearby Killisnoo Island and employed Angoon villagers to hunt whales. Whaling, a school, and a Russian Orthodox church attracted many Tlingits to neighboring Killisnoo.

In October 1882 of the village was destroyed in the Angoon Bombardment by US Naval forces under the command Commander Edgar C. Merriman and the USRC Thomas Corwin under the command of Michael A. Healy. The Tlingit villagers had taken white hostages and property and demanded two hundred blankets in compensation from the North West Trading Company following the accidental death of a Tlingit shaman who died in a whaling bomb accident while working on the whaler. The hostages were released upon the arrival of the naval expedition to Angoon, however Merriman demanded four hundred blankets in tribute and upon the Tlingit delivery of just eighty one blankets, Merriman's forces destroyed the village.

After a short time, the North West Trading Company switched to herring processing. During this time, many Tlingits moved to Killisnoo for employment at the fish plant. In 1928, Killisnoo was destroyed by fire and many Tlingits returned to Angoon.

In 1973, Angoon won a U.S. $90,000 settlement from the United States government for the 1882 bombardment.

Geography
Angoon is located on the west side of Admiralty Island at 57.49694°N, -134.57361°W (57.496891, -134.573579). It is the largest permanent settlement on Admiralty Island and is sited on an isthmus at the mouth of Kootznahoo Inlet on the west side of the island. It is 60 mi southwest of Juneau. The only other community on the island is Cube Cove, to the north.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 100.4 km2, of which 63.2 km2 are land and 37.2 km2, or 37.04%, are water.

Climate
The climate is either an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), when utilising the −3 °C isotherm or a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb), when utilising the 0 °C isotherm. Its climate moderately tempered by the Alaska Current is only slightly more extreme than the north of Scotland.

Demographics
Angoon first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the native village of "Augoon" with 420 residents, all members of the Tlingit tribe. The area returned as "Hoochinoo" (AKA Kootznahoo) in 1890. Angoon did not appear again on the census until 1920. It has appeared on every successive census to date as of 2010, and incorporated as a city in 1963.

As of the census of 2000, there were 572 people, 184 households, and 138 families residing in the city. The population density was 25.4 people per square mile (9.8/km$2$). There were 221 housing units at an average density of 9.8 per square mile (3.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 81.99% Native American, 11.36% White, 5.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.52% Black or African American, 0.17% Asian, 1.40% from other races, and 4.55% from two or more races.

Of the 184 households, 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.64.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 34.8% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,861, and the median income for a family was $31,429. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,357. About 27.0% of families and 27.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.1% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Angoon is a second-class city, and uses a Mayor-Council form of government.

Economy
Fishing and fish processing are the mainstays of the economy at Angoon now.

Angoon is looking into non-diesel electric power generation to reduce local electric bills.

Education
Chatham School District operates two schools:
 * Angoon Elementary School
 * Angoon High School

title: Angoon, Alaska


text:
Johnny Dodds

Johnny Dodds (April 12, 1892 – August 8, 1940) was an American jazz clarinetist and alto saxophonist based in New Orleans, best known for his recordings under his own name and with bands such as those of Joe "King" Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton, Lovie Austin and Louis Armstrong. Dodds was the older brother of drummer Warren "Baby" Dodds, one of the first important jazz drummers. They worked together in the New Orleans Bootblacks in 1926. Dodds is an important figure in jazz history. He was the premier clarinetist of his era and, in recognition of his artistic contributions, he was posthumously inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame. He has been described as "a prime architect in the creation of the Jazz Age."

Biography
Dodds was born in Waveland, Mississippi. His childhood environment was a musical one. His father and uncle were violinists, his sister played a melodeon, and in adolescence Johnny sang high tenor in the family quartet. According to legend, his instrumental skill began with a toy flute which had been purchased for his brother, Warren "Baby" Dodds. He was known for his serious and reserved manner as well as his "funky blues playing," which earned him the nickname "toilet."

He moved to New Orleans in his youth and studied the clarinet with Lorenzo Tio and Charlie McCurdy. He played with the bands of Frankie Duson, Kid Ory, and Joe "King" Oliver. Dodds went to Chicago and played with Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, with which he first recorded in 1923. Dodds blamed the breakup on not wanting to travel and on musical conflicts due to Oliver's failing musical abilities. He also worked frequently with his good friend Natty Dominique during this period, a professional relationship that would last a lifetime. After the breakup of Oliver's band in 1924, Dodds replaced Alcide Nunez as the house clarinetist and bandleader of Kelly's Stables. From 1924 to 1930, Dodds worked regularly at Kelly's Stables in Chicago. He recorded with numerous small groups in Chicago, including Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Hot Seven and Jelly Roll Morton's Red Hot Peppers. He also recorded prolifically under his own name, Johnny Dodds' Black Bottom Stompers, between 1927 and 1929 for Paramount, Brunswick/Vocalion, and Victor. He became a big star on the Chicago jazz scene of the 1920s, but his career precipitously declined with the Great Depression. Although his career gradually recovered, he did not record for most of the 1930s, affected by ill-health; he recorded only two sessions—January 21, 1938, and June 5, 1940—both for Decca. On August 8, 1940, Dodds died of a stroke in his Chicago home and was buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Blue Island, Illinois.

Known for his professionalism and virtuosity as a musician and his heartfelt, heavily blues-laden style, Dodds was an important influence on later clarinetists, such as Benny Goodman, who stated that no one ever surpassed Dodds in achieving a finer tone with the clarinet. The tone was probably caused by the use of double embouchure (lower and upper lips over the mouthpiece) in combination with a very hard reed (a thin piece of wood resting against the mouthpiece) according to CDK Cook in the Syncophated Times May 10, 2020. Dodds was inducted into the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1987.

Sibling rivalry
Several accounts suggest the Dodds brothers did not always get along. When the brothers were young children, Johnny received a clarinet from his father while Baby did not get a drum even though he asked for one. In The Baby Dodds Story, Baby Dodds discusses his jealousy of his older brother when they were children. As they grew up, Johnny refused to let Baby play music with him because Baby was a heavy drinker and Johnny did not drink. When Joe Oliver hired Baby to join his band and Johnny realized how much Baby's talent as a drummer had grown, Johnny changed his mind. Although they continued to argue about Baby's excessive drinking, they grew closer as brothers and musicians. Baby was greatly affected by his brother's death.

Discography
Releases featuring Johnny Dodds include the following.

 * Johnny Dodds, Vol. 1, Riverside RLP-1015.
 * Johnny Dodds, Vol. 2, Riverside RLP-1002.
 * Johnny Dodds (1923), Best of Jazz 4014.
 * Chicago Mess Around, Milestone M-2011.
 * Johnny Dodds and Kid Ory, Columbia 16004.
 * Blue Clarinet Stomp, Bluebird 2293–2.
 * Sweet Side Chicago Jazz, MCA MCAD-42326
 * In the Alley, Riverside RLP-12135.
 * 1923–1940, Best of Jazz 4014.
 * Wild Man Blues: 24 Clarinet Classics, ASV/Living Era 5252.
 * Great Original Performances 1923–1929, Louisiana Red Hot 622.
 * Myth of New Orleans, Giants of Jazz 53077.
 * The Complete Johnny Dodds, RCA 741110/111.
 * King of New Orleans Clarinet (1926-1938) Brunswick BL-58016.
 * Sixteen Rare Recordings, RCA PV-558.
 * Johnny Dodds & Tiny Parkham, Paramount 261201.
 * Dixieland Jug Blowers, Victor 261211.
 * Johnny Dodds & Tiny Parkham, Paramount 270401.
 * Johnny Dodds Trio, Vocalion 270421.
 * Dodds Black Bottom Stompers, Vocalion 270422.
 * Dodds Black Bottom Stompers, Vocalion 271008.
 * Johnny Dodds Trio, Victor 280705.
 * Johnny Dodds' Washboard Band, Victor 280796.
 * Johnny Dodds' Orchestra, Victor 290116.
 * Johnny Dodds' Orchestra, Victor 290130.
 * Johnny Dodds' Orchestra, Victor 290207.
 * Johnny Dodds' Trio, Victor 290207.
 * Johnny Dodds' Orchestra, Victor 290207.
 * Johnny Dodds' Chicago Boys, Decca 380121.
 * Johnny Dodds' Orchestra, Decca 400605.

title: Johnny Dodds


text:
Cube Cove, Alaska

Cube Cove was an unincorporated community and census-designated place on the northwestern side of Admiralty Island in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 72 at the 2000 United States Census, but it was not included in the 2010 census.

Geography
What was Cube Cove was located at 57.93664°N, -134.72019°W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 11.7 sqmi, of which 11.4 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi, or 2.48%, is water.

Demographics
Cube Cove first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP) and again in 2000. With the discontinuation of the logging camp and departure of its resident workers, it was dissolved as a CDP in 2010.

As of the census of 2000, there were 72 people, 25 households, and 23 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6.3 PD/sqmi. There were 37 housing units at an average density of 3.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.61% White and 1.39% Native American. Cube Cove was a temporary timber camp, which is now deserted.

Of the 25 households, 48.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 84.0% were married couples living together, and 8.0% were non-families. 8.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.9% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 2.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,875, and the median income for a family was $72,708. Males had a median income of $88,756 versus $38,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,920. There were no families and none of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

The State of Alaska communities database reports that the logging camp that was Cube Cove has zero population.

Education
Cube Cove School, operated by the Chatham School District, closed in or before 2002.

title: Cube Cove, Alaska


text:
Elfin Cove, Alaska

Elfin Cove (Lingít: X̱’óot’k’ ) is a census-designated place (CDP) near the northwestern corner of Chichagof Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 20 at the 2010 census, down from 32 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Elfin Cove is located off Cross Sound on Chichagof Island at coordinates 58.19889°N, -136.35528°W (58.198786, -136.355358). The CDP occupies the northern end of the Inian Peninsula; the actual settlement of Elfin Cove within the CDP, and its namesake harbor, are on the western side of the peninsula.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 26.9 km2, of which 26.4 km2 are land and 0.5 km2, or 1.73%, are water.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Elfin Cove has an oceanic climate (Cfb).

Demographics
Elfin Cove first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It appeared again on the 1950 census, but did not appear in 1960. It was returned again in 1970 and made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980.

As of the census of 2000, there were 32 people, 15 households, and 9 families residing full-time in the CDP.

Among full-time residents, the population density was 3.0 PD/sqmi. There were 35 housing units at an average density of 3.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.75% White, 3.12% Pacific Islander, and 3.12% from two or more races.

Of the 15 households, 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, and 40.0% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 15.6% under the age of 18, 3.1% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 37.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 170.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $48,750 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,089. There were no families and 5.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Elfin Cove, Alaska


text:
Game Creek, Alaska

Game Creek (Lingít: Xutshéeni ) is a census-designated place (CDP) on Chichagof Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 18 at the 2010 census, down from 35 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Game Creek is located on the northern side of Chichagof Island at 58.05861°N, -135.51306°W (58.058694, -135.513082). It lies just southwest of the community of Whitestone Logging Camp and the city of Hoonah. The CDP limits follow the shoreline of Port Frederick on the northwest as far south as Burnt Point. Game Creek, the waterway, forms the eastern edge of the CDP as far north as its mouth in Port Frederick, and the southern limit extends from Burnt Point to Game Creek across an intervening 2760 ft summit.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 15.42 km2, of which 15.26 km2 are land and 0.16 km2, or 1.03%, are water.

Demographics
Game Creek first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 35 people, 10 households, and 7 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 7.1 PD/sqmi. There were 10 housing units at an average density of 2.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.57% White, and 11.43% from two or more races.

There were 10 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.50 and the average family size was 4.29.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 133.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 160.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $30,833, and the median income for a family was $19,688. Males had a median income of $7,083 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,221. There were no families and none of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Game Creek, Alaska