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Tromeo and Juliet

Tromeo and Juliet is a 1996 American independent transgressive romantic black comedy film and a loose adaptation of William Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet from Troma Entertainment. The film was directed by Lloyd Kaufman from a screenplay by Kaufman and James Gunn, who also served as associate director.

The film is a loose adaptation of the play, as it includes the extreme amounts of sexuality and violence characteristic of Troma, as well as a revised ending. The film's title is a blend of "Troma" and "Romeo and Juliet".

Plot
Set in modern-day Manhattan, the film begins with the narrator (Lemmy of Motörhead) introducing two families: the rich Capulets and the poor Ques.

At the center of these families are Tromeo Que and Juliet Capulet. Tromeo lives in squalor with his poor father Monty and works at a tattoo parlor with his cousin Benny and friend Murray. Juliet is sequestered in her family's mansion, watched over by her abusive father Cappy, passive mother Ingrid, and overprotective cousin Tyrone, all the while being sexually satisfied by family servant Ness (Debbie Rochon).

Both Tromeo and Juliet are trapped in cases of unrequited love: Tromeo lusts for the big-bosomed, promiscuous Rosie; Juliet is engaged to wealthy meat tycoon London Arbuckle as prelude to an arranged marriage.

In the meantime, a bloody brawl between Murray and Sammy Capulet catches the attention of Detective Ernie Scalus, who gathers the heads of the two families together and declares that they will be held personally accountable for any further breaches of the peace. Almost immediately afterward, Monty and Cappy start threatening each other with weapons. Sammy gets caught in the window of Monty's speeding car, where he is thrown head-first into a fire hydrant and gradually dies.

On the insistence of Murray and Benny, Tromeo attends the Capulets' masquerade ball in the hopes of meeting Rosie, only to find another man performing cunnilingus on her. Tromeo staggers around the party in disillusion until he locks eyes with Juliet. The two instantly fall for each other and share a dance until an angry Tyrone chases him out of the house.

Tromeo and Juliet continue to be enamored by one another from afar. Cappy, disgusted at his daughter's active libido, forcefully imprisons her in a plastic cage as punishment. Eventually, Tromeo sneaks into the house of Capulet and the two meet once again. After proclaiming their love for each other both verbally and physically, they agree to be married. Juliet breaks her engagement with Arbuckle and, with the help of Father Lawrence, the two are married in secrecy the next day.

Tyrone, upon discovering Juliet's secret affair, gathers his gang together to find Tromeo in his family's parlor and accuse him of bridenapping. Now a kinsman to the Capulets, Tromeo reassures Tyrone that Juliet doesn't want Arbuckle as her husband anymore hence announcing a truce to both families. However, Tyrone refuses to believe him. Eventually, Murray stands by Tromeo's side to try and defend his honor, but is fatally wounded by Tyrone's club as an example for anyone, besides Arbuckle, who dares to seduce Juliet. Tromeo, enraged by his friend's death, pursues Tyrone, slays him (through a series of car crashes that dismember him), and goes into hiding. Learning from the late Tyrone that Juliet has already become Tromeo's wife, Cappy suggests to Detective Scalus that the Ques should be evicted from Manhattan permanently due to their crimes against his family, and the Detective agrees to ensure that Tyrone's sacrifice won't be in vain on behalf of the Capulet family. Later, Cappy savagely beats Juliet into reconciling with Arbuckle, threatening to disown her if she doesn't. With the help of Cappy, Arbuckle accepts her re-proposal and the wedding date is set.

Eventually, Juliet goes into hiding with Father Lawrence, whom she recruited along with Tromeo, who was recently evicted from his home by Scalus along with the rest of his family. Together, the three devise a plan to clear the Que family name and end the Capulet/Que feud for good, enlisting the help of Fu Chang, the apothecary, who sells Juliet a special potion which will aid her predicament.

On the day of her wedding, Juliet drinks the apothecary's potion, transforming her into a hideous cow monster (complete with a three-foot penis). The mere sight of her causes Arbuckle to leap out of Juliet's window in fright, committing suicide in the process. Enraged over the loss of his would-be son-in-law and meat inheritance, Cappy deems Juliet a disgrace to the Capulet family and sentences her to death, but Tromeo arrives just in time to chase Cappy out of her room before he can rape her to death and bring Juliet's appearance back to normal by a single kiss. Meanwhile, Cappy was forced to retreat into the parlor to get his crossbow, and then returns to Juliet's room, ready to execute the newlyweds. Eventually, Juliet performs one last act of defiance against her father by electrocuting him to death with a computer monitor. After the Capulets' residence is successfully overtaken, Detective Scalus becomes impressed by Tromeo and Juliet's teamwork of ending Cappy's criminal empire, pardoning Tromeo of murder while ordering for Cappy's corpse to be transported by an ambulance to the morgue for cremation.

With Cappy's criminal empire finally defeated, Tromeo and Juliet embrace victoriously until they are stopped short by Ingrid and Monty, who reveals to them the real reason behind the Capulet/Que feud: Long ago, Cappy and Monty were the owners of the successful Silky Films production company. Ingrid, married to Monty at the time, struck up an affair with Cappy, eventually birthing a son which Monty raised as his own. Faced with a divorce from Ingrid and the threat of having his son taken away from him, Monty was forced to sign over all the rights of Silky Films to the Capulets in exchange for his son. After the initial shock at the revelation that they are siblings, Tromeo and Juliet brush it off as they are determined not to let their whole ordeal be for naught; they passionately embrace and drive off into the sunset.

The film picks up six years later in Tromaville, New Jersey, where Tromeo and Juliet, now married, have become suburban yuppies with a house and (birth defected/deformed) children of their own.

The film ends with the narrator's brief poem for the lovers: "And all of our hearts free to let all things base go/As taught by Juliet and her Tromeo". A brief shot of William Shakespeare laughing uproariously is shown before the end credits.

Cast
Lloyd Kaufman, Merle Allin and Ami James have non-speaking cameos in the film. A scene featuring Ron Jeremy as a homeless man was filmed but ultimately deleted from the final cut of the movie.

Production
The first draft of Tromeo & Juliet surfaced in 1992, written by Kaufman and Troma employees Andy Deemer and Phil Rivo, written entirely in Shakespearean verse and supposedly featuring The Toxic Avenger as a side character. The feedback from other Troma employees and Michael Herz was unanimously negative, so the idea was scrapped.

In 1995, another shot was taken at the concept, this time by newbie screenwriter James Gunn. Gunn completely rewrote the script, again in Shakespearean verse, making it darker and far more obscene; the original version had Juliet as a stripper and Tromeo as a crack dealer. Another revision, with additional material by Kaufman, was crafted into what the film eventually became: the verse was trimmed down and more comical elements were added.

Tromeo and Juliet was shot in the summer of 1995 for $350,000, one of the most expensive films in Troma history.

Director Lloyd Kaufman said that, in preparation for their sex scene, he gave Will Keenan and Jane Jensen time during pre-production to block the scene themselves. "I wanted them to develop a very intense relationship and indeed they did. But they decided that they shouldn't actually have off-screen intercourse until after the movie. I don't remember whether they ever did but this gave their on-screen scenes together terrific sexual tension and was something a sex-crazed pervert like me would never have thought of in a zillion years," Kaufman said."

Release
Tromeo & Juliet had its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival on May 13, 1996. In addition, it played at the Mar del Plata Film Festival and the Italian Fantafestival, where it won the award for Best Film of 1997.

Tromeo screened at New York arthouse theaters on February 14, 1997. It expanded to select theaters in the United States on February 28, 1997.

Reception
In The New York Times, Stephen Holden said "Tromeo & Juliet is to Hollywood B-movies what Mad magazine is to comic books. Although many times more explicit than what Hollywood is permitted to show, there is something goofily exhilarating in the spectacle of all the staple images of teen-age sex and slasher movies transformed into farce." In a review for Entertainment Weekly, J.R. Taylor gave the film a grade of B and wrote, "While this comedy about star-crossed idiots (Jane Jensen and Will Keenan) has all the kinky sex and ultraviolence expected of the Troma studio, which built its reputation on chimichangas like The Toxic Avenger, Shakespeare’s dewy tragedy still glistens amid the deep-fried glop. Which is all the more incredible considering that Tromeo & Juliet changes the Bard’s ending and throws out most of his words. Some stories just adapt more readily than others."

Daniel Rosenthal described Tromeo and Juliet as "the nadir of screen Shakespeare...[it] takes every major character and incident from Romeo and Juliet and systematically drains them of humanity in a tedious, appallingly acted feast of mutilation and softcore sex." Tony Howard summarized it as a film "in which Juliet and the Nurse have lesbian sex, Romeo masturbates, various body parts are removed, the feud is between rival porn czars and incest rules".

Home media
Tromeo & Juliet was released on DVD as a 10th Anniversary Collector’s Addition on August 22, 2006.

Attempted follow-ups
After the success of Tromeo, Troma had plans to develop a spiritual sequel entitled Schlock and Schlockability (a play on Sense and Sensibility), in which Jane Austen is reincarnated as a well-endowed female who takes revenge on all of the Hollywood movie producers who have bastardized her novels. At one point, Troma announced that the film would head into production, but since then, there are no plans to follow up on the film.

Soundtrack
Tromeo and Juliet is also notable for its soundtrack, which is composed of alternative rock, pop punk and heavy metal music. The CD soundtrack was released on Oglio Records on May 5, 1997, and included the following tracks:

 * 1) "Tromeo and Juliet Theme" by Willie Wisely
 * 2) "Sacrifice" by Motörhead
 * 3) "Pope on a Rope" by The Meatmen
 * 4) "Sunday" by The Icons
 * 5) "The Capulet Song (My Name Is Capulet)" by Stephen Blackehart & Valentine Miele
 * 6) "Drink That Whiskey" by The Wesley Willis Fiasco
 * 7) "Hyper Enough" by Superchunk
 * 8) "La Migra (Cruza La Frontera II)" by Brujeria
 * 9) "Gizzards, Scrapple and Tripe" by The New Duncan Imperials
 * 10) "Mr. Superlove" by Ass Ponys
 * 11) "Math" by Supernova
 * 12) "Romeo" by Sublime
 * 13) "TV Show Theme" by Willie Wisely
 * 14) "Monster Island" by Booterella w/ Jane Jensen
 * 15) "Yes, We'll Gather at the River" by Willie Wisely, Sean Gunn, Valentine Miele, Patrick Connor
 * 16) "Alleged" by Unsane

title: Tromeo and Juliet


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Rod Stewart

Sir Roderick David Stewart (born 10 January 1945) is a British rock and pop singer and songwriter. Known for his distinctive raspy singing voice, Stewart is among the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 120 million records worldwide. His music career began in 1962 when he took up busking with a harmonica. In 1963, he joined the Dimensions as a harmonica player and vocalist. In 1964, Stewart joined Long John Baldry and the All Stars before moving to the Jeff Beck Group in 1967. Joining Faces in 1969, he also launched a solo career, releasing his debut album that year. Stewart's early albums were a fusion of rock, folk music, soul music, and R&B. His third album, 1971's Every Picture Tells a Story, was his breakthrough, topping the charts in the UK, US, Canada and Australia, as did its ballad "Maggie May". His 1972 follow-up album, Never a Dull Moment, also reached number one in the UK and Australia, while going top three in the US and Canada. Its single, "You Wear It Well", topped the chart in the UK and was a moderate hit elsewhere.

After Stewart had a handful more UK top-ten hits, Faces broke up in 1975. Stewart's next few hit singles were ballads, with "Sailing", off the 1975 UK and Australian number-one album, Atlantic Crossing, becoming a hit in the UK and the Netherlands (number one), Germany (number four) and other countries, but barely charting in North America. A Night on the Town (1976), his fifth straight chart-topper in the UK, began a three-album run of going number one or top three in the US, Canada, the UK and Australia with each release. That album's "Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)" spent almost two months at number one in the US and Canada, and made the top five in other countries. Foot Loose & Fancy Free (1977) contained the hit "You're in My Heart (The Final Acclaim)" as well as the rocker "Hot Legs". Blondes Have More Fun (1978) and its disco-tinged "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy" both went to number one in Canada, Australia and the US, with "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy" also hitting number one in the UK and the top ten in other countries. Stewart's albums regularly hit the upper rungs of the charts in the Netherlands throughout the '70s and in Sweden from 1975 onward. After a disco and new wave period in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Stewart's music turned to a soft rock/middle-of-the-road style, with most of his albums reaching the top ten in the UK, Germany and Sweden, but faring less well in the US. The single "Rhythm of My Heart" was a top five hit in the UK, US and other countries, with its source album, 1991's Vagabond Heart, becoming, at number ten in the US and number two in the UK, his highest-charting album in a decade. In 1993, he collaborated with Bryan Adams and Sting on the power ballad "All for Love", which went to number one in many countries. In the early 2000s, he released a series of successful albums interpreting the Great American Songbook.

In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked Stewart the 17th most successful artist on the "Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists". A Grammy and Brit Award recipient, he was voted at No. 33 in Q Magazine's list of the Top 100 Greatest Singers of all time. As a solo artist, Stewart was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994, the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006, and he was inducted a second time into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Faces. He has had 10 number-one albums and 31 top-ten singles in the UK, six of which reached number one. Stewart has had 16 top-ten singles in the US, with four reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100. He was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to music and charity.

Early life
Roderick David Stewart was born at 507 Archway Road, Highgate, North London, on 10 January 1945, the youngest of five children of Robert Joseph Stewart (26 December 1904 –1990) and Elsie Rebecca Gilbart (14 December 1905 –1996). His father was Scottish and had been a master builder in Leith, Edinburgh, while Elsie was English and had grown up in Upper Holloway in North London. Married in 1928, the couple had two sons and two daughters while living in Scotland, and then they moved to Highgate.

Stewart was born at home during World War II, eight years after his nearest sibling. The family was neither affluent nor poor; Stewart was spoiled as the youngest, and has called his childhood "fantastically happy". He had an undistinguished record at Highgate Primary School and failed the eleven-plus exam. He then attended the William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School (later Fortismere School), Muswell Hill. When his father retired from the building trade he bought a newsagent's shop on the Archway Road and the family lived over the shop. Stewart's main hobby was railway modelling.

The family was mostly focused on football; Stewart's father had played in a local amateur team and managed some teams as well, and one of Stewart's earliest memories was of the pictures of Scottish players such as George Young and Gordon Smith that his brothers had on the wall. Stewart was the most talented footballer in the family and was a supporter of Arsenal at the time. Combining natural athleticism with near-reckless aggression, he became captain of the school football team and played for Middlesex Schoolboys as centre-half. The family were also great fans of the singer Al Jolson and would sing and play his hits. Stewart collected his records and saw his films, read books about him, and was influenced by his performing style and attitude towards his audience. His introduction to rock and roll was hearing Little Richard's 1956 hit "The Girl Can't Help It", and seeing Bill Haley & His Comets in concert. His father bought him a guitar in January 1959; the first song he learned was the folk tune "It Takes a Worried Man to Sing a Worried Song"; the first record he bought was Eddie Cochran's "C'mon Everybody". In 1960, he joined a skiffle group with school friends called the Kool Kats, playing Lonnie Donegan and Chas McDevitt hits.

Stewart left school at the age of 15 and worked briefly as a silk-screen printer. Spurred on by his father, his ambition was to become a professional footballer. In summer 1960, he went for trials at Brentford, a Third Division club at the time. Contrary to some longstanding accounts, Stewart states in his 2012 autobiography that he was never signed to the club and that the club never called him back after his trials. In any case, regarding possible career options, Stewart concluded, "Well, a musician's life is a lot easier and I can also get drunk and make music, and I can't do that and play football. I plumped for music ... They're the only two things I can do actually: play football and sing."

His parents are buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery, on the main north–south path, opposite the grave of Malcolm McLaren.

1961–1963: Early work and The Dimensions
Stewart worked in the family shop and as a newspaper delivery boy. He then worked briefly as a labourer for Highgate Cemetery, which became another part of his biographical lore. He worked in a North Finchley funeral parlour and as a fence erector and sign writer. In 1961, he went to Denmark Street with The Raiders and got a singing audition with well-known record producer Joe Meek, but Meek stopped the session with a rude sound. Stewart began listening to British and American topical folk artists such as Ewan MacColl, Alex Campbell, Woody Guthrie, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, and especially Derroll Adams and the debut album of Bob Dylan.

Stewart became attracted to beatnik attitudes and left-wing politics, living for a while in a beatnik houseboat at Shoreham-by-Sea. He was an active supporter of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament at this time, joining the annual Aldermaston Marches from 1961 to 1963 and being arrested on three occasions when he took part in sit-ins at Trafalgar Square and Whitehall for the cause. He also used the marches as a way to meet and bed girls. In 1962, he had his first serious relationship, with London art student Suzannah Boffey (a friend of future model and actress Chrissie Shrimpton); he moved to a bed-sit in Muswell Hill to be near her. She became pregnant, but neither Rod nor his family wanted him to enter marriage; the baby girl was given up for adoption and Rod and Suzannah's relationship ended.

In 1962, Stewart began hanging around folk singer Wizz Jones, busking at Leicester Square and other London spots. Stewart took up playing the then-fashionable harmonica. On several trips over the next 18 months Jones and Stewart took their act to Brighton and then to Paris, sleeping under bridges over the River Seine, and then finally to Barcelona. Eventually, this resulted in Stewart being rounded up and deported from Spain for vagrancy in 1963. At this time, Stewart, who had been at William Grimshaw School with three of their members, was briefly considered as singer for the embryonic Kinks.

In 1963, Stewart adopted the Mod lifestyle and look, and began fashioning the spiky rooster hairstyle that would become his trademark. (It was made possible with sugar water or large amounts of his sisters' hair lacquer, backcombing, and his hands holding it in place to protect it from the winds of the Highgate Underground station. ) Disillusioned by rock and roll, he saw Otis Redding perform in concert and began listening to Sam Cooke records; he became fascinated by rhythm and blues and soul music.

After returning to London, Stewart joined a rhythm and blues group, the Dimensions, in October 1963, as a harmonica player and part-time vocalist. It was his first professional job as a musician, although Stewart was still living at home and working in his brother's painting and picture frame shop. A somewhat more established singer from Birmingham, Jimmy Powell, then hired the group a few weeks later, and it became known as Jimmy Powell & the Five Dimensions (which also included bassist Louis Cennamo), with Stewart being relegated to harmonica player. The group performed weekly at the famed Studio 51 club on Great Newport Street in London, where The Rolling Stones often headlined; this was Stewart's entrée into the thriving London R & B scene, and his harmonica playing improved in part from watching Mick Jagger on stage. Relations soon broke down between Powell and Stewart over roles within the group and Stewart departed. Contrary to popular legend, during this time Stewart likely did not play harmonica on Millie Small's 1964 hit "My Boy Lollipop". That was probably Peter Hogman of the Dimensions, although Powell has also claimed credit. Powell did record and release a single during this period, though Stewart did not appear on it.

1964–1967: Steampacket and "Rod the Mod" image
In January 1964, while Stewart was waiting at Twickenham railway station after having seen Long John Baldry and the All Stars at Eel Pie Island, Baldry heard him playing "Smokestack Lightnin'" on his harmonica, and invited him to sit in with the group; when Baldry discovered Stewart was a singer as well, he offered him a job for £35 a week, after securing the approval of Stewart's mother. Quitting his day job at the age of nineteen, Stewart gradually overcame his shyness and nerves and became a visible enough part of the act that he was sometimes added to the billing as "Rod the Mod" Stewart, the nickname coming from his dandyish style of grooming and dress. Baldry touted Stewart's abilities to Melody Maker magazine and the group enjoyed a weekly residence at London's fabled Marquee Club. In June 1964, Stewart made his recording début (without label credit) on "Up Above My Head", the B-side to a Baldry and Hoochie Coochie Men single. While still with Baldry, Stewart embarked on a simultaneous solo career. He made some demo recordings, was scouted by Decca Records at the Marquee Club, and signed to a solo contract in August 1964. He appeared on several regional television shows around the country and recorded his first single in September 1964.

Turning down Decca's recommended material as too commercial, Stewart insisted that the experienced session musicians he was given, including John Paul Jones, learn a couple of Sonny Boy Williamson songs he had just heard. The resulting single, "Good Morning Little Schoolgirl", was recorded and released in October 1964; despite Stewart performing it on the popular television show Ready Steady Go!, it failed to enter the charts. Also in October Stewart left the Hoochie Coochie Men after having a row with Baldry.

Stewart played some dates on his own in late 1964 and early 1965, sometimes backed by the Southampton R & B outfit The Soul Agents. The Hoochie Coochie Men broke up, Baldry and Stewart patched up their differences (and indeed became lifelong friends), and legendary impresario Giorgio Gomelsky put together Steampacket, which featured Baldry, Stewart, Brian Auger, Julie Driscoll, Micky Waller, Vic Briggs and Ricky Fenson; their first appearance was in support of The Rolling Stones in July 1965. The group was conceived as a white soul revue, analogous to the Ike & Tina Turner Revue, with multiple vocalists and styles ranging from jazz to R&B to blues. Steampacket toured with the Stones and The Walker Brothers that summer, ending in the London Palladium; seeing the audience react to the Stones gave Stewart his first exposure to crowd hysteria. Stewart, who had been included in the group upon Baldry's insistence, ended up with most of the male vocal parts. Steampacket was unable to enter the studio to record any material because its members all belonged to different labels and managers, although Gomelsky did record one of their Marquee Club rehearsals.

Stewart's "Rod the Mod" image gained wider visibility in November 1965, when he was the subject of a 30-minute Rediffusion, London television documentary titled "An Easter with Rod" that portrayed the Mod scene. His parallel solo career attempts continued on EMI's Columbia label with the November 1965 release of "The Day Will Come", a more heavily arranged pop attempt, and the April 1966 release of his take on Sam Cooke's "Shake", with the Brian Auger Trinity. Both failed commercially and neither gained positive notices. Stewart had spent the better part of two years listening mostly to Cooke; he later said, "I didn't sound like anybody at all ... but I knew I sounded a bit like Sam Cooke, so I listened to Sam Cooke." This recording solidified that singer's position as Stewart's idol and most enduring influence; he called it a "crossing of the water."

Stewart left Steampacket in March 1966, with Stewart saying he had been sacked and Auger saying he had quit. Stewart then joined a somewhat similar outfit, Shotgun Express, in May 1966 as co-lead vocalist with Beryl Marsden. The other members included Mick Fleetwood and Peter Green (who would go on to form Fleetwood Mac), and Peter Bardens. Shotgun Express released one unsuccessful single in October 1966, the orchestra-heavy "I Could Feel The Whole World Turn Round", before disbanding. Stewart later disparaged Shotgun Express as a poor imitation of Steampacket and said, "I was still getting this terrible feeling of doing other people's music. I think you can only start finding yourself when you write your own material." By now, Stewart had bounced around without achieving much success, with little to distinguish himself among other aspiring London singers other than the emerging rasp in his voice.

1967–1969: Jeff Beck Group period
Guitarist Jeff Beck recruited Stewart for his new post-Yardbirds venture, and in February 1967, Stewart joined the Jeff Beck Group as vocalist and sometime songwriter. This would become the big break of his early career. There he first played with Ronnie Wood whom he had first met in a London pub in 1964; the two soon became fast friends. During its first year, the group experienced frequent changes of drummers and conflicts involving manager Mickie Most wanting to reduce Stewart's role. They toured the UK and released a couple of singles that featured Stewart on their B-sides. Stewart's sputtering solo career also continued with the March 1968 release of non-hit "Little Miss Understood" on Immediate Records.

The Jeff Beck Group toured Western Europe in spring 1968, recorded, and were nearly destitute. Then assistant manager Peter Grant booked them on a six-week tour of the United States starting in June 1968 with the Fillmore East in New York. Stewart, on his first trip to America, suffered terrible stage fright during the opening show and hid behind the amplifier banks while singing. Only a quick shot of brandy brought him out front. Nevertheless, the show and the tour were a big success, with Robert Shelton of The New York Times calling the group exciting and praising "the interaction of Mr. Beck's wild and visionary guitar against the hoarse and insistent shouting of Rod Stewart," and New Musical Express reporting that the group was receiving standing ovations and pulling receipts equal to those of Jimi Hendrix and The Doors.

In August 1968, their first album Truth was released, and by October, it had risen to number 15 on the US albums chart but failed to chart in the UK. The album featured Beck's masterly guitar technique and manipulated sounds as Stewart's dramatic vocalising tackled the group's varied repertoire of blues, folk, rock, and proto-heavy metal. Stewart also co-wrote three of the songs and credited the record for helping to develop his vocal abilities and the sandpaper quality in his voice. The group toured America again at the end of the year to a strong reception, then suffered from more personnel upheaval (something that would continue throughout Beck's career). In July 1969, Stewart left following his friend Wood's departure. Stewart later recalled, "It was a great band to sing with, but I couldn't take all the aggravation and unfriendliness that developed.... In the two and a half years I was with Beck I never once looked him in the eye – I always looked at his shirt or something like that."

The group's second album, Beck-Ola, was released in June 1969 in the US and in September 1969 in the UK, bracketing the time the group was dissolving; it also made number 15 in the US albums chart and reached number 39 in the UK albums chart. During his time with the group, Stewart initially felt overmatched by Beck's presence, and his style was still developing; but later Stewart felt the two developed a strong musical, if not personal, rapport. Much of Stewart's sense of phrasing was developed during his time with the Jeff Beck Group. Beck sought to form a new supergroup with Carmine Appice and Tim Bogert (of the similarly just-breaking-up Vanilla Fudge) joining him and Stewart, but Stewart had other plans.

1969–1975: Solo career established and Faces albums
Mercury Records A&R man Lou Reizner had seen Stewart perform with Beck, and on 8 October 1968 signed him to a solo contract; but contractual complexities delayed Stewart's recording for him until July 1969. Meanwhile, in May 1969, guitarist and singer Steve Marriott left English band The Small Faces. Ron Wood replaced him as guitarist in June and on 18 October 1969, Stewart followed his friend and became the band's new singer. The two joined existing members Ronnie Lane, Ian McLagan, and Kenney Jones, who soon decided to call the new line-up Faces.

An Old Raincoat Won't Ever Let You Down became Stewart's first solo album in 1969 (it was known as The Rod Stewart Album in the US). It established the template for his solo sound: a heartfelt mixture of folk, rock, and country blues, inclusive of a British working-class sensibility, with both original material ("Cindy's Lament" and the title song) and cover versions (Ewan MacColl's "Dirty Old Town" and Mike d'Abo's "Handbags and Gladrags"). The backing band on the album included Wood, Waller and McLagan, plus Keith Emerson and guitarists Martin Pugh (of Steamhammer, and later Armageddon and 7th Order) and Martin Quittenton (also from Steamhammer).

Faces released their début album First Step in early 1970 with a rock and roll style similar to the Rolling Stones. While the album did better in the UK than in the US, the Faces quickly earned a strong live following. Stewart released his second album, Gasoline Alley that autumn. Stewart's approach was similar to his first album and mandolin was introduced into the sound. He then launched a US tour with the Faces. Stewart sang guest vocals for the Australian group Python Lee Jackson on "In a Broken Dream", recorded in April 1969 but not released until 1970. His payment was a set of seat covers for his car. It was re-released in 1972 to become a worldwide hit.

Stewart's 1971 solo album Every Picture Tells a Story made him a household name when the B-side of his minor hit "Reason to Believe", "Maggie May", (co-written with Martin Quittenton) started to receive radio play. The album and the single occupied the number one chart position simultaneously in the UK, US, Canada and Australia, a chart first, in September. Maggie May topped the single chart for five weeks in the US, and the UK and four weeks in Australia. Set off by a striking mandolin part (by Ray Jackson of Lindisfarne), "Maggie May" was also named in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. The rest of the album was equally strong, with "Mandolin Wind" again showcasing that instrument; "(I Know) I'm Losing You" adding hard-edged soul to the mix; and "Tomorrow Is a Long Time", a cover of a Bob Dylan song. But the ultimate manifestation of the early Stewart solo style was the Stewart-Wood-penned "Every Picture Tells a Story" itself: powered by Mick Waller's drumming, Pete Sears's piano and Wood's guitar work in a largely acoustic arrangement; it is a song relating to the picaresque adventures of the singer.

The second Faces album, Long Player, was released in early 1971 and enjoyed greater chart success than First Step. Faces also got their only US Top 40 hit with "Stay With Me" from their third album A Nod Is as Good as a Wink...To a Blind Horse released in late 1971. This album reached the Top 10 on both sides of the Atlantic on the back of the success of Every Picture Tells A Story. Steve Jones from The Sex Pistols regarded the Faces highly and named them as a main influence on the British punk rock movement.

The Faces toured extensively in 1972 with growing tension in the band over Stewart's solo career enjoying more success than the band's. Stewart released Never a Dull Moment in the same year. Repeating the Every Picture formula, for the most part, it reached number two on the US album charts and number one in the UK, and enjoyed further good notices from reviewers. "You Wear It Well" was a hit single that reached number 13 in the US and went to number one in the UK, while "Twisting the Night Away" made explicit Stewart's debt to Sam Cooke.

For the body of his early solo work Stewart earned tremendous critical praise. Rolling Stone's 1980 Illustrated History of Rock & Roll includes this in its Stewart entry:

"Rarely has a singer had as full and unique a talent as Rod Stewart; rarely has anyone betrayed his talent so completely. Once the most compassionate presence in music, he has become a bilious self-parody – and sells more records than ever [... A] writer who offered profound lyricism and fabulous self-deprecating humour, teller of tall tales and honest heartbreaker, he had an unmatched eye for the tiny details around which lives turn, shatter, and reform [...] and a voice to make those details indelible. [... His solo albums] were defined by two special qualities: warmth, which was redemptive, and modesty, which was liberating. If ever any rocker chose the role of everyman and lived up to it, it was Rod Stewart." The Faces released their final album Ooh La La, which reached number one in the UK and number 21 in the US in 1973. During the recording of the album, the rift between Stewart and the rest of the Faces grew further, as (according to Ian McLagan), Stewart did not participate until two weeks into the sessions, "and then complained that some songs were in the wrong key for him. So we recorded them again and waited a week for him to come back. We cut the track for 'Ooh La La' three times before he eventually passed on it, leaving it for Woody to sing. [...] The week the album came out he did all he could to scuttle it and told anyone who would listen how useless it was." The band toured Australasia, Japan, Europe and the UK in 1974 to support the album and the single "Pool Hall Richard".

In late 1974, Stewart released his Smiler album. In Britain, it reached number one, and the single "Farewell" number seven, but only number 13 on the Billboard pop album charts and the single "Mine for Me" only number 91 on the Billboard pop singles charts. It was his last original album for Mercury Records. After the release of the double album compilation The Best of Rod Stewart he switched to Warner Bros. Records and remained with them throughout the vast majority of his career (Faces were signed to Warner Bros., and Stewart's solo releases in the UK appeared on the Riva label until 1981). In 1975, Faces toured the US twice (with Ronnie Wood joining The Rolling Stones' US tour in between). With Ronnie Wood having released his second solo album in 1975 and also having joined the Rolling Stones (first as a temporary replacement for the departing Mick Taylor, and later as a permanent member), as well as Stewart's own burgeoning solo career, it became impossible to maintain the Faces as a viable band, so the Faces broke up at the end of the year.

1975–1988: Height of fame and critical reaction
In 1975, Stewart moved to Los Angeles; that year, he released the Atlantic Crossing album for his new record company, using producer Tom Dowd and a different sound based on the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. Atlantic Crossing marked both a return to form and a return to the Top 10 of the Billboard album charts. The first single, a cover of the Sutherland Brothers song "Sailing", was a number-one hit in the UK, charted high in other European countries and in Australia, but only reached the Top 60 of the US and Canadian charts. The single returned to the UK Top 10 a year later when used as the theme music for a BBC documentary series about HMS Ark Royal (R09). Having been a hit twice over, "Sailing" became, and remains, Stewart's biggest-selling single in the UK. His Holland-Dozier-Holland cover "This Old Heart of Mine" was also a Top 100 hit in 1976. In 1976, Stewart covered The Beatles' song "Get Back" for the musical documentary All This and World War II.

Later in 1976, Stewart topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for eight weeks and the Australian ARIA chart with the ballad "Tonight's the Night", with an accompanying music video featuring actress Britt Ekland. It came from the A Night on the Town album, which went to number two on the Billboard album charts and was Stewart's first album to go platinum. By explicitly marking the album as having a "fast side" and a "slow side", Stewart continued the trend started by Atlantic Crossing. "The First Cut Is the Deepest", a cover of a Cat Stevens song, went number one in the UK in 1977, and top 30 in the US. "The Killing of Georgie (Part 1 and 2)", about the murder of a gay man, was also a Top 40 hit for Stewart during 1977.

Foot Loose & Fancy Free (1977) featured Stewart's own band, the original Rod Stewart Group that featured Carmine Appice, Phil Chen, Jim Cregan, Billy Peek, Gary Grainger and John Jarvis. It continued Stewart's run of chart success, reaching number two. "You're in My Heart" was the hit single, reaching number four in the US.

"Hot Legs" achieved a lot of radio airplay as did the confessional "I Was Only Joking". In appearance, Stewart's look had evolved to include a glam element, including make-up and spandex clothes. Stewart scored another UK number one and US number one single with "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?", which was a crossover hit reaching number five on the Billboard black charts due to its disco sound. This was the lead single from 1978's Blondes Have More Fun, which went to number one on the Billboard album charts and sold three million albums.

A focal point of criticisms about this period was his biggest-selling 1978 disco hit "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?", which was atypical of his earlier output, and disparaged by critics. In interviews, Stewart, while admitting his accompanying look had become "tarty", has defended the lyrics by pointing out that the song is a third-person narrative slice-of-life portrayal, not unlike those in his earlier work, and that it is not about him. The song's refrain was identical to Brazilian Jorge Ben Jor's earlier "Taj Mahal" and a lawsuit ensued. Stewart donated his royalties from "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?" to UNICEF, and he performed it with his band at the Music for UNICEF Concert at the United Nations General Assembly in 1979.

Stewart moved to a more new wave direction in 1980 by releasing the album Foolish Behaviour. The album produced one hit single, "Passion", which reached No. 5 on the US Billboard Charts. In August 1981, MTV was launched in the US with several of Stewart's videos in heavy rotation. Later in 1981, Stewart added further elements of new wave and synthpop to his sound for the Tonight I'm Yours album. The title song reached No. 20 in the US, while "Young Turks" reached the Top 5 with the album going platinum. On 18 December 1981, Stewart played the Los Angeles Forum, along with Kim Carnes and Tina Turner, in a concert broadcast worldwide via satellite.

Stewart was criticised by the anti-apartheid movement for breaking a widely observed cultural boycott of apartheid South Africa by performing at the Sun City resort complex in Bophuthatswana as part of his Body Wishes (1983) and Camouflage (1984) tours.

Stewart had four US Top 10 singles between 1982 and 1988; "Young Turks" (No. 5, carrying over from 1981 into 1982), "Some Guys Have All the Luck" (No. 10, 1984), "Infatuation" (No. 6, 1984) and "Love Touch" (No. 6, 1986, a Holly Knight/Mike Chapman collaboration). "Baby Jane" reached No. 14 in 1983, but went to No. 1 in the UK, his final chart-topping single there to date. The corresponding Camouflage album went gold in the UK, and the single "Infatuation" (which featured his old friend Jeff Beck on the guitar) received considerable play on MTV. The second single "Some Guys Have All The Luck" reached No. 15 in the UK and No. 10 in the US.

A reunion with Jeff Beck produced a successful take on Curtis Mayfield's "People Get Ready", but an attempt to tour together fell apart after a few dates. In the UK, "Every Beat of My Heart" reached number two in 1986. In January 1985, Stewart performed to a large audience at the Rock in Rio festival in Rio de Janeiro.

1988–1994: Out of Order Tour, Vagabond Heart and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
In 1988, Stewart returned with Out of Order, produced by Duran Duran's Andy Taylor and by Bernard Edwards of Chic. "Lost in You", "Forever Young", "Crazy About Her", and "My Heart Can't Tell You No" from that album were all top 15 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 and mainstream rock charts, with the latter even reaching the Top Five. "Forever Young" was an unconscious revision of Bob Dylan's song of the same name; the artists reached an agreement about sharing royalties. The song reached No. 12 in the US. In September 1988, Stewart performed "Forever Young" at the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, and in 1989 he received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for the song.

In January 1989, Stewart set out on the South American leg of the Out of Order Tour playing to sell-out audiences throughout Americas. There were 80,000 people at his show at Corregidora Stadium, Querétaro, México (9 April), and 50,000 at Jalisco Stadium, Guadalajara, Jalisco (12 April). In Buenos Aires, the audience at the River Plate Stadium, which seats 70,000+, was at over 90,000, with several thousand outside the stadium. Firehoses were sprayed on the crowd to avoid heat prostration.

Stewart's version of the Tom Waits song "Downtown Train" went to number three on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1990. This song was taken from a four-CD compilation set called Storyteller – The Complete Anthology: 1964–1990.

Released in 1991, the Vagabond Heart album continued Stewart's renewal and inspiration. The lead single "It Takes Two" with Tina Turner, was released in 1990 in advance of the full album's release, and reached number five on the UK charts, but did not chart in the US. The follow-up songs from Vagabond Heart both reached the Billboard Hot 100 in 1991, with "Rhythm of My Heart" peaking at No. 5 and "The Motown Song" peaking at No. 10.

At the 1993 Brit Awards in London, Stewart picked up the prize for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Stewart brought back the Faces on stage for an impromptu reunion. In 1993, Stewart recorded "All For Love" with Sting and Bryan Adams for the soundtrack to the movie The Three Musketeers; the single reached number one in the US and number two in the UK. Also in 1993, he reunited with Ronnie Wood to record an MTV Unplugged special that included "Handbags and Gladrags", "Cut Across Shorty", and four selections from Every Picture Tells a Story. The show featured an acoustic version of Van Morrison's "Have I Told You Lately", which topped the Billboard adult contemporary chart and No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100. A rendition of "Reason to Believe" also garnered considerable airplay. The resulting Unplugged...and Seated album reached number two on the Billboard 200 album charts.

Stewart was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994, presented by Jeff Beck. On 31 December 1994, Stewart played in front of 3.5 million people on Copacabana beach in Rio, and made it into the Guinness Book of World Records for staging the largest free rock concert attendance in history.

1995–2001: New ventures and record labels
By the early 1990s, Stewart had mostly abandoned creating his own material, saying that he was not a natural songwriter and that the tepid response to his recent efforts was not rewarding. In 1995, Stewart released A Spanner in the Works containing a single written by Tom Petty, "Leave Virginia Alone", which reached the Top 10 of the adult contemporary charts. The latter half of the 1990s was not as commercially successful though the 1996 album If We Fall in Love Tonight reached number 8 in the UK and went gold and hit No. 19 on the Billboard album chart.

When We Were the New Boys, his final album on the Warner Bros. label released in 1998, contained versions of songs by Britpop acts such as Oasis and Primal Scream, and reached number two on the UK album charts. That same year, he recorded the song "Faith of the Heart", written by Diane Warren, for the film Patch Adams. In 2000, Stewart left Warner Bros. and moved to Atlantic Records, another division of Warner Music Group. In 2001, he released Human. The single "I Can't Deny It" went Top 40 in the UK and Top 20 in the adult contemporary. Stewart then signed to Clive Davis' new J Records label. The Story So Far: The Very Best of Rod Stewart, a greatest hits album compiled from his time at Warner Bros., is certified four times platinum in the UK with over 1.2 million copies sold and reached number one in 2001 in Belgium and France.

2002–2010: The Great American Songbook series and Soulbook
In June 2002, Stewart performed "Handbags and Gladrags" at the Party at the Palace held at Buckingham Palace Garden, a concert which celebrated the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II and featured stars from five decades of music.

By 2002, Stewart had sold over 100 million records during his career. While growing up, he heard in his home classic songs written by songwriters such as Cole Porter, Gus Kahn and George and Ira Gershwin. Stewart joined others who had recorded the classic songs. He concentrated on singing 1930s and 1940s pop standards from the Great American Songbook with great popular success. These albums have been released on Clive Davis's J Records label and have seen Stewart enjoy album sales equal to the 1970s.

The first album from the songbook series, It Had to Be You: the Great American Songbook, reached number four on the US album chart, number eight in the UK and number ten in Canada when released in late 2002. The track "These Foolish Things" (which is actually a British, not American, song) reached number 13 on the Billboard adult contemporary chart, and "They Can't Take That Away From Me" went Top 20.

The second series album, As Time Goes By: the Great American Songbook 2, reached number two in the US, number four in the UK and number one in Canada. "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered", a duet with Cher, went Top 20 on the US adult contemporary charts. "Time After Time" was another Top 30 track on the US adult contemporary charts. A musical called Tonight's The Night, featuring many of Stewart's songs, opened 7 November 2003 at London's Victoria Palace Theatre. It is written and directed by Ben Elton, who previously created a similar production, We Will Rock You, with music by Queen. The musical tells about a "Faustian pact between Detroit gas station mechanic Stu Clutterbuck and Satan."

In 2004, Stewart reunited with Ronnie Wood for concerts of Faces material. A Rod Stewart and the Faces best of album, Changing Faces, reached the Top 20 of the UK album charts. Five Guys Walk into a Bar..., a Faces box set compilation, was released. In late 2004, Stardust: the Great American Songbook 3, the third album in Stewart's songbook series, was released. It was his first US number one album in 25 years, selling over 200,000 albums in its first week. It also debuted at number one in Canada, number three in the UK and Top 10 in Australia. His version of Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World", featuring Stevie Wonder, made the Top 20 of the world adult charts. He also recorded a duet with Dolly Parton for the album – "Baby, It's Cold Outside". Stewart won his first ever Grammy Award for this album.

2005 saw the release of the fourth songbook album, Thanks for the Memory: The Great American Songbook 4; it included duets with Diana Ross and Elton John. Within weeks of its release, the CD made it to number two on the Top 200 list. In late 2006, Stewart made his return to rock music and his new approach to country music with the release of Still the Same... Great Rock Classics of Our Time, a new album featuring rock and southern rock milestones from the last four decades, including a cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Have You Ever Seen the Rain?", which was released as the first single. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard charts with 184,000 copies in its first week. The number one début was helped by a concert in New York City that was on MSN Music and an appearance on Dancing with the Stars. He performed tracks from his new album live from the Nokia Theater on 9 October. Control Room broadcast the event Live on MSN and in 117 cinemas across the country via National CineMedia. In November 2006, Stewart was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame. On 1 July 2007, Stewart performed at the Concert for Diana held at Wembley Stadium, London, an event which celebrated the life of Princess Diana almost 10 years after her death. He performed "Sailing", "Baby Jane" and "Maggie May". On 12 December, he performed for the first time at the Royal Variety Performance at the London Coliseum in front of HRH Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall, singing another Cat Stevens number, "Father and Son", and Bonnie Tyler's song "It's a Heartache". On 22 December 2006, Stewart hosted the 8th Annual A Home for the Holidays special on CBS at 8:00 pm (PST).

On 20 May 2009, Stewart performed "Maggie May" on the grand finale of American Idol season 8. On 2, July 2009 Stewart performed his only UK date that year at Home Park, Plymouth. On 29 September 2009 a 4-CD, 65-track compilation entitled Rod Stewart Sessions 1971–1998 was released; it is composed of previously unreleased tracks and outtakes from the bulk of his career. Stewart has also mentioned plans for a compilation of covers of soul classics, the possible release of another edition of the Great American Songbook album and a country covers album.

On 17 October 2009, Stewart released the studio album Soulbook which was composed of covers of soul and Motown songs. On 14 November 2009, Stewart recorded a TV program in the UK for ITV that was screened on 5 December 2009. The music in the programme featured tracks from his new album and some old favourites. On 14 January 2010, Rhino records released Stewart's Once in a Blue Moon, a "lost album" originally recorded in 1992, featuring ten cover songs including the Rolling Stones' "Ruby Tuesday", Bob Dylan's "The Groom's Still Waiting at the Altar" and Stevie Nicks' "Stand Back", as well as Tom Waits' "Tom Traubert's Blues". On 19 October 2010, Stewart released another edition of his Great American Songbook series titled Fly Me to the Moon...The Great American Songbook Volume V on J Records.

2011–2012: Christmas album and autobiography
In 2011, Stewart performed with Stevie Nicks on their Heart & Soul Tour. Starting on 20 March in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, the tour visited arena concerts in North America – with performances in New York, Toronto, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, Tampa and Montreal, among others.

Stewart headlined the Sunday show at the 2011 Hard Rock Calling Festival on 26 June in London's Hyde Park. Stewart signed on to a two-year residency at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, commencing on 24 August. Performing his greatest hits, the residency also saw him perform selected tracks from his upcoming, untitled blues album.

On 7 June 2012, Stewart signed a recording agreement with Universal Music Group. Stewart released his first Christmas album, titled Merry Christmas, Baby, on the Verve Music Group label (a division of Universal Music Group) on 30 October 2012. The album was produced by David Foster and contained several duets, as well as an original song written by Stewart, Foster and Amy Foster called "Red-Suited Super Man". According to IFPI, Merry Christmas, Baby was the seventh best-selling album worldwide in 2012. In October 2012, Stewart's autobiography titled Rod: The Autobiography was released (exact dates vary worldwide).

In November 2012, Stewart performed "Auld Lang Syne" from his Christmas album and his hit "Sailing" at the Royal Albert Hall for the Royal British Legion Festival of Remembrance, which was attended by Queen Elizabeth II. Later that month, Stewart again performed at the Royal Albert Hall in front of the Queen during the 100th Royal Variety Performance, singing "When You Wish upon a Star". On 26 November, Stewart's recording of "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" reached the top of the Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart. Stewart had the number one song on this chart three times previously, the last being in 1993 with "Have I Told You Lately", giving him the second-largest hiatus between number ones in the history of the chart. The song remained in the No. 1 spot for five weeks, tying it for the longest-leading holiday title in the chart's 51-year history. On 10 December 2012, Stewart was a guest singer on Michael Bublé's television Home for the Holidays Christmas special. Stewart was the tenth best-selling artist in Canada in the year 2012, according to year-end sales data from Nielsen Soundscan Canada. In February 2013, Stewart was nominated for a Canadian Juno Award in the International Album of the Year category for his album Merry Christmas, Baby.

2013–2015: Return to songwriting – Time and Another Country
In May 2013, Stewart released Time, a rock album of his own original material. It marked a return to songwriting after what Stewart termed "a dark period of twenty years"; he said that writing his autobiography gave him the impetus to write music again. The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1, setting a new British record for the longest gap between chart-topping albums by an artist. Stewart's last No. 1 on the chart had been Greatest Hits Volume 1 in 1979 and his last studio album to top the chart was 1976's A Night on the Town.

In September 2013, Stewart presented his friend Elton John with the first Brits Icon award in a special show at the London Palladium, recognising John's "lasting impact" on UK culture. Stewart quipped that John was "the second-best rock singer ever", before the two performed a duet on stage.

A new studio album, Another Country, was released on 23 October 2015. The video for the first single "Love Is" is available on his Vevo account.

2016–present: Continuing to record – Blood Red Roses and The Tears of Hercules
Stewart recorded vocals with Joe Walsh on the Frankie Miller album Frankie Miller's Double Take, which was released on 30 September 2016. He sang his cover of the Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" as Sgt. Pepper for Beat Bugs episode 17b, which debuted 18 November 2016 on Netflix. At the same, Stewart was quoted responding to John Lennon's 1980 assertion that Stewart's hit "The Killing of Georgie (Part 1 and 2)" plagiarised his song "Don't Let Me Down", declaring to The Guardian: "It does sound like it, [...] Nothing wrong with a good steal!".

On 28 September 2018, Stewart released his 30th studio album, Blood Red Roses, on Republic Records. He duets with Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler on the track "Battle of the Sexes" from her 2019 studio album, Between the Earth and the Stars. Stewart collaborated with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra for the release of You're in My Heart in November 2019. The album contains new versions of the hit songs "Maggie May", and "It Takes Two" with Robbie Williams.

On 22 November 2019, Stewart released You're in My Heart: Rod Stewart with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, produced by Trevor Horn. The album contains vocal tracks from UK number one hits "Sailing", "I Don't Want To Talk About It" and "The First Cut is the Deepest" with new arrangements performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, as well as 1971 chart toppers in both the UK and US "Maggie May" and "Reasons to Believe". The release of You're In My Heart coincided with Stewart's biggest-ever UK stadium tour throughout November and December 2019, a continuation of his successful summer stadium tour. You're In My Heart also included "Stop Loving Her Today", a new song, as well as a new recording of "It Takes Two" featuring Robbie Williams. You're in My Heart topped the UK Albums Chart, staying in the number one position for three weeks and making it his tenth UK chart-topping album. Stewart released his 31st studio album The Tears of Hercules in November 2021. Stewart is only the fifth British act in UK chart history with 10 or more number-one albums, and BPI Certified – Gold.

In June 2022, Stewart performed at the Platinum Party at the Palace. In November 2022, he revealed that he had refused to perform in Qatar the year before, despite an offer of "over $1m", citing the country's human rights record. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Stewart at No. 49 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. In May 2023, Stewart performed at the Jeff Beck tribute concerts held at the Royal Albert Hall, sharing the stage with Ronnie Wood, Eric Clapton, Kirk Hammett and Johnny Depp among others.

In late 2023, Warner Music announced a new album, Swing Fever, recorded with Jools Holland's Rhythm And Blues Orchestra, for 23 February 2024 release. A single from the album, "Almost Like Being in Love", was released on 5 December.

In February 2024, Irving Azoff's Iconic Artists Group acquired Stewart's catalogue for close to $100M.

Personal life
In May 2000, Stewart was diagnosed with thyroid cancer, for which he underwent surgery the same month. It had been previously reported he suffered from a benign vocal cord nodule. Besides being a major health scare, the resulting surgery also threatened his voice, and he had to re-learn how to sing. Since then he has been active in raising funds for The City of Hope Foundation charity to find cures for all forms of cancer, especially those affecting children. In September 2019, Stewart revealed that he was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2017, and was given the all-clear after treatment.

Before returning to the UK, Stewart played for his LA Exiles team made up of mostly English expatriates plus a few celebrities, including Billy Duffy of The Cult, in a senior soccer league in Palos Verdes, California.

Despite his father having been a supporter of Hibernian, Stewart is a supporter of Celtic, which he mentions in "You're in My Heart". He supports the Scotland national team and follows Manchester United as his English side, and he explains his love affair with both Celtic and Manchester United in Frank Worrall's book, Celtic United. Stewart clarifies this more in his 2012 book (pp. 163–64), Rod: The Autobiography, mentioning he "only had an attachment to Manchester United in the 1970s, but that was because they had so many great Scottish players in the 1970s, including Denis Law ... When I did eventually click with a team, it was Celtic". He presented Celtic with the trophy after they won the 2015 Scottish League Cup Final.

Stewart is a model railway enthusiast. His 23 x HO scale layout in his Los Angeles home is modelled after the New York Central and the Pennsylvania Railroads during the 1940s. Called the Three Rivers City, the layout was featured in the cover story of the December 2007, December 2010, February 2014, and June 2017 issues of Model Railroader magazine. In the 2007 article, Stewart said that it meant more to him to be in a model railroad magazine than a music magazine. The layout, which has a mainline run of 900 ft, uses code 70 flextrack and a Digital Command Control (DCC) system made by Digitrax. Stewart has a second, smaller layout at his UK home, based on Britain's East Coast Main Line. In a sidebar to the 2014 Model Railroader article, Stewart confirmed (in an anecdote about his having unwittingly mixed red scenery texturing material into a "turf" mix he used around the bases of buildings) that he is colour-blind. In a 2019 interview with Railway Modeller magazine, he said the hobby is "addictive" for him; Stewart has admitted to taking cocaine in the past.

A car collector, Stewart owns one of the 400 Ferrari Enzos. In 1982, Stewart was car-jacked on Los Angeles' Sunset Boulevard while he was parking his $50,000 Porsche. The car was subsequently recovered. In March 2022, Stewart and others personally filled in some potholes on the country lane near his Essex residence, claiming that an ambulance had burst a tyre and his Ferrari could not get through. Dominic Zaria, one of Stewart's neighbours, praised the singer's action and said the lane had "a massive crack" and could be dangerous when it was dark and wet. In response, the county council cautioned that potholes should be reported and repaired by professionals, adding residents making their own repairs "could become liable for any problems or accidents".

In September 2002, Stewart's son, Sean, was sentenced to three months in jail for attacking a man outside a restaurant in Los Angeles. Sean Stewart was also required to pay compensation and to attend anger management, drug and alcohol treatment courses.

Rod Stewart was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2007 New Year Honours for services to music. At his investiture in July 2007, at Buckingham Palace, Stewart commented: "It's a marvellous occasion. We're the only country in the world to honour the common man." He was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for "services to music and charity".

Stewart was estimated to have a fortune of £215 million in the Sunday Times Rich List of 2021, making him the 12th wealthiest person in the British music industry. He lives with his wife in the Grade II listed Durrington House, a £4.65 million property in Essex.

During February 2023, it was announced that Stewart paid for a day's worth of MRI scans for patients at Princess Alexandra Hospital in Harlow in order to aid in reducing waiting lists.

Relationships and family
Stewart has eight children, by five mothers:

In reference to his divorces, Stewart was once quoted as saying, "Instead of getting married again, I'm going to find a woman I don't like and just give her a house."

In January 2020, Stewart and his 39-year-old son, Sean, were arrested and Stewart was charged with alleged assault following an incident at a Florida hotel. He was due to appear in court on 5 February. Stewart's defence lawyer, Guy Fronstin, told Judge August Bonavita in October 2020 that he had been in contact with the prosecutors and the case was unlikely to reach the trial stage. The case was resolved in 2021, with Stewart and son pleading guilty to simple battery in a plea agreement that included no jail time, no probation, and no fine.

Awards and recognition

 * Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, 1993.
 * Received a Legend Award from the World Music Awards, 1993.
 * Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 1994 (as a solo artist.)
 * Received the first ever Diamond Award from the World Music Awards for over 100 million records sold worldwide, 2001.
 * Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album, 2005, Stardust ... The Great American Songbook Volume III.
 * On 11 October 2005, Stewart received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the music industry, located at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard.
 * Inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, 2006.
 * According to Stewart, soul singer James Brown called him music's "best white soul singer" in September 2006.
 * Awarded CBE in the 2007 New Year Honours.
 * Appointed Knight Bachelor in the 2016 Birthday Honours.
 * Received the ASCAP Founders Award in 2011.
 * Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 2012 (as a member of Faces).
 * To date, Stewart has received seven various Canadian Juno Award nominations.
 * Goldene Europa 1991 Best International Singer
 * Ivor Novello Awards 1999 Lifetime Achievement Award

List of bands
During his career, Rod Stewart has been a member of a number of groups including:
 * Jimmy Powell and the Five Dimensions (1963)
 * The Hoochie Coochie Men (1964–1965)
 * Steampacket (1965–1966)
 * Soul Agents (1965–1966)
 * Shotgun Express (1966–1967)
 * The Jeff Beck Group (1967–1969)
 * Faces (1969–1975, 1986, 1993, 2015, 2019, 2020, 2021–present)

Studio albums

 * An Old Raincoat Won't Ever Let You Down (1969)
 * Gasoline Alley (1970)
 * Every Picture Tells a Story (1971)
 * Never a Dull Moment (1972)
 * Smiler (1974)
 * Atlantic Crossing (1975)
 * A Night on the Town (1976)
 * Foot Loose & Fancy Free (1977)
 * Blondes Have More Fun (1978)
 * Foolish Behaviour (1980)
 * Tonight I'm Yours (1981)
 * Body Wishes (1983)
 * Camouflage (1984)
 * Every Beat of My Heart (1986)
 * Out of Order (1988)
 * Vagabond Heart (1991)
 * A Spanner in the Works (1995)
 * When We Were the New Boys (1998)
 * Human (2001)
 * It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook (2002)
 * As Time Goes By: The Great American Songbook, Volume II (2003)
 * Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III (2004)
 * Thanks for the Memory: The Great American Songbook, Volume IV (2005)
 * Still the Same... Great Rock Classics of Our Time (2006)
 * Soulbook (2009)
 * Once in a Blue Moon: The Lost Album (2010)
 * Fly Me to the Moon... The Great American Songbook Volume V (2010)
 * Merry Christmas, Baby (2012)
 * Time (2013)
 * Another Country (2015)
 * Blood Red Roses (2018)
 * The Tears of Hercules (2021)
 * Swing Fever (with Jools Holland) (2024)

Tours

 * Foot Loose & Fancy Free Tour (1977)
 * Blondes 'Ave More Fun Tour (1978–1979)
 * Foolish Behaviour Tour (1980–1981)
 * Worth Leavin' Home For Tour (1981–1982)
 * Body Wishes Tour (1983)
 * Camouflage Tour (1984–1985)
 * Every Beat of My Heart Tour (1986)
 * Out of Order Tour (1988–1989)
 * Vagabond Heart Tour (1991–1992)
 * A Night to Remember Tour (1993–1994)
 * A Spanner in the Works Tour (1995–1996)
 * All Rod, All Night, All the Hits Tour (1998–1999)
 * Human Tour (2001)
 * Live in Concert Tour (2002)
 * From Maggie May to the Great American Songbook Tour (2004)
 * Tour (2005)
 * Rockin' in the Round Tour (2007)
 * Rocks His Greatest Hits Tour (2008–2009)
 * One Rockin' Night Tour (2009)
 * Soulbook Tour (2010)
 * Heart & Soul Tour (2011–2012) with Stevie Nicks
 * Live the Life Tour (2013)
 * The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour (2014) with Santana
 * The Hits Tour (2014–2015)
 * Hits 2015
 * Hits 2016
 * From Gasoline Alley to Another Country: Hits 2016 (2016–2017)
 * Summer Tour 2017 (with Cyndi Lauper)
 * Summer Tour 2018 (with Cyndi Lauper)
 * Blood Red Roses Tour (2019)
 * Rod Stewart The Hits 2020
 * Rod Stewart The Hits (2021–)

Residency show

 * Rod Stewart: The Hits (2011–)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rod Stewart


text:
Talk:Phosphate

Todo
Add coverage of:
 * Environmental impact
 * Mining
 * Wastewater
 * Bans in U.S., EU, etc.
 * Uses
 * Fertilizer
 * Detergents
 * Food
 * Others?

 * A lot of that information was there a while back, but there was a series of vandalism that removed it. I don't feel comfortable enough in my Wiki skills to try to reinstate it, but someone else is welcome to try. It's at "Revision as of 17:12, 6 December 2007 (edit) (undo)84.55.192.114 (talk) (→Uses)Next edit → " This location might be plus or minus one edit maybe, so much going on it's hard to tell. You can certainly see it earlier in the year about the time I added a paragraph on food use (Sept 2007) but there was also mining, fertilizer, etc. info there Sigh NNNs (talk) 15:13, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Distribution
The Geochemistry of phosphates paragraph contains a bit about the distribution of rock phosphate over the world. This part needs a rewrite. It focuses mainly on the USA, and is incomplete in it's description the rest of the world. According to this |article by the U.S. Geological Survey, China is the second largest producer in de World, but China is not even mentioned. 83.163.181.226 (talk) 12:49, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

Just to agree and reiterate, China's production rate of phosphate rock (amongst other related substances) over the last 2 years eclipse those of the US - China is now by far the worlds largest producer (approximately 50,000,000 metric tons in 2008 according to a recent academic enquiry) and holds the second largest reserve base (almost triple US reserve figures). Given this, to ignore China, in terms of supply and impact on trade is quite misleading, and focusing on American elements is absurd. China and Morocco together account for around 2/3rds of the entire global supply of phosphate. So I would agree with the comment above and also refer any readers to the US Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2009. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pobnoonmunch (talk • contribs) 03:53, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Not a complex
If a complex in is a metal coordinated entity, how can phosphate be a complex ion? No metal. The older chemical meaning of the term radical seems appropriate, though. - Dwmyers

Ecological destruction
...there should be mention of phosphate mining's ecological destruction, especially in small south pacific islands which have been devastated.

It is shocking that no mention is made of the flouride effusions of the phosphate extraction process. See here:  Phosphate mining is reportedly the primary source of the hydroflourosalycic acid dumped in municipal water supplies, but otherwise deemed a hazardous waste product by the EPA. Kenfree (talk) 17:42, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Phosphate expressed as a functional group
Consider adding:

In a phosphate group, a phosphorous atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms; one oxygen is bonded to the carbon skeleton; two oxygens carry negative charges. The phosphate group (—OPO32-) is an ionized form of a phosphoric acid group (—OPO3H2; note the two hydrogens). Organic phosphates, unlike the hydrogenphosphate ion HPO42−, which is the conjugate base of H2PO4−, typically do not express Hydrogen before the Phosphate; —OPO32- reveals that the anterior oxygen is bound to the carbon skeleton.

Niubrad 21:33, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Phosphates - The Drink
I was looking for information on the old-timey concoction that they used to call a "phosphate". I'm frankly not sure if there is any actual phosphate in a phosphate (there probably was, as phosphoric acid, to add a "tart" flavor to the drink). I got the following from the "Free Online Dictionary":

3. A soda fountain drink made by blending carbonated water with flavored syrup.

It doesn't mention phosphate as an ingredient, but I found a number of references to Coke and Pepsi as being high in phosphates (read The health effects of drinking soda - quotes from the experts). I also found on this page that "Coke and other soft drinks are acidified with phosphoric acid[...]"

Of course, this goes on the assumption that a "phosphate" was a type of soft drink similar to what we call soft drinks or soda pop today. The only fact that I am sure of is that it was something created at a "soda fountain" (which I believe was also often the local pharmacy). I have a bunch of disparate information, but nothing solid that I could use to update the Phosphate entry or start a new derivation.

I'm hoping this will spark someone with real knowledge to do so.

Some soda fountains of the fifties kept a bottle of "phosphate" near the spot where soft drinks were concocted, and a customer could order, for example, a cherry coke with phosphate. One drop would add some tartness; two drops resulted in a major pucker. Cherry cokes were a prime candidate for this treatment as the cherry flavoring lent an abundance of sweetness. The phosphate, whatever it was, was a clear thin liquid.

 * NOTE: A phosphate may also be a soda fountain drink, composed of mineral water and a flavored syrup. I suggest to remove this sentence in the lead. From my understanding this article is about the chemical compund, not a soda drink. If that drink is really worth mentioning in any encyclopedia (never heard of it before) it might get its own entry. Any objections? -- Splette [[Image:Happyjoe.jpg]] Talk 17:27, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

No objection. I'm removing it. =) JohnJohn 19:16, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * While I do not object to that removal, I have heard of phosphate drinks. I have read in several books old folks speaking of buying phosphates at the drug store. Dictionary.com has several definitions that refer to the drink:

a carbonated drink of water and fruit syrup containing a little phosphoric acid. Basically, it's a soda. Prome theus -X303-  00:21, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

It may be a regional term. In May 2008 I visited the Pearl Soda Fountain in La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA, which offered to serve phosphates. An employee (the "soda jerk", right?) confirmed that a phosphate was carbonated water and syrup. He did not mention any actual phosphate or acidifying agent. Ideally there should be a disambiguating entry and a separate page on the beverage, if anyone has good information. Cafewalter 6:08, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

I am 75 and I can remember back in the 30's when I was a little boy and my mother worked in Wall Greens. They had phosphate soda Drinks, Cherry phosphate was popular. I never knew what went into one, and when I was watching the Music Man last night,Shirley Jones at the soda fountain asked for a Cherry Phosphate. So I decide to check here on Wikipedia to see what it was made of, but to my surprise it looks like everyone has forgotten that era. Signalman75 (talk) 03:58, 10 October 2011 (UTC)

 * See phosphate soda. Cherry phosphate, used a mixed salt that incorporated the hydrogenated phosphate ion as its source of phosphoric acid. In modern times this was superceded by other acidifiers like citric acid. For future reference, you're likely to get a more comprehensive aswer from the science reference desk. Plasmic Physics (talk) 04:26, 10 October 2011 (UTC)

phosphonate
What's a phosphonate? I know they are something to do with detergents but how (if at all) do they differ from phosphates

 * a phosphonate is an organic phosphate salt, a phosphate is always an inorganic compound

Phosphate in foods
Is it really necessary to add phosphates into food?

Depends on your definition of necessary. Is it necessary to have fluffy pancakes, refrigerated biscuits or lunchmeat that doesn't turn into shoe leather? (That's a matter of opinion) Can you substitute it with other nonphosphate compounds that may or may not be as effective or economical? (Possibly)Is it necessary to add it nutritionally? (Probably get enough from a normal diet, but would have to check before stating that as a fact) Sigh NNNs 17:12, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Molecular mass
The molecular weight of the phosphate ion (PO4) is, in fact, approximately 94.97 Daltons (30.97 + 16.00 + 16.00 + 16.00 + 16.00) — despite some subtle vandalism to the contrary. Twisted86 06:21, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

phosphate
what are the top two uses of phosphate? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Salt
When it is described as a "salt", salt is linked to the page on salt (i.e. sodium chloride). I believe it would be more useful if the page was directed to the chemical definition of salt. k1-UK-Global 20:20, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

What is Phosphate used for ?
All it says is that it is important in chemistry and biochemistry, but not how or why. Would it be possible for someone to add some examples of where it is used in industry for example ? --Biatch (talk) 01:22, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

We need coverage of Phosphate as Fertilizer
Under the topic of fertilizer wiki only states that there is a risk of cd or uranium contaimation, we need discussion of the sources and chemistry of phosphate fertilizers and the topic super phoshate. 71.114.181.145 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 18:09, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Phosphate
Refer from Buffering agent, which said: "Buffering agents in humans, functioning in acid-base homeostasis, are extracellular agents (e.g., bicarbonate, ammonia) as well as intracellular agents (including proteins and phosphate)." The important thing is, what kind of phosphate in the cell of human body that work as a buffer? I think this Phosphate article should be expanded to cover that kind of example... Ivan Akira (talk) 10:16, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Refer from my last talk, I found that the buffering agent from phosphate in the human cell are NaH2PO4- and H2PO4-, please consider this to improve this article. Ivan Akira (talk) 09:06, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Clean up
I will clean up this article to meet Wikipedia article quality standard.

For the contributors with IP 71.114.181.145, I want to tell that signing (add four tilda sign) with your name (or IP number) inside the article is not a proper way in contributing, your changes/contribution will be showed in the history page so do not signing inside the article, signing only permited in the discussion page. Thank you for your contribution, but don't let this message stop your contribution, okay! Ivan Akira (talk) 11:34, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Spam
Someone murdered the opening paragraph by replacing it with random typing. I think I changed it back correctly though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.191.184.15 (talk) 18:37, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

An error in the section "Chemical properties"
It started as follows: ''For a strongly-basic pH (pH=13), we find showing that only PO43− and HPO42− are in significant amounts.'' But if you compared these results, then I think that the first two schemes and their numbers have to begin with minus --Dj Capricorn (talk) 18:47, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

Fascinating New Scientist article on primordial soup and the role of phosphate
Have a look at http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227084.200-molecule-of-life-emerges-from-laboratory-slime.html The third last paragraph mentions the role of phosphate as a catalyst and buffer, before it participates in the creation of ribonucleotides (RNA). We should work this new information into the article (somehow). 210.23.136.200 (talk) 10:18, 14 May 2009 (UTC)Tim

phosphate is amazong

North Carolina has the most phosphate?
The article indicates there are lesser amounts in Florida, etc. I believe this is incorrect. To my knowledge (and according to other Wiki articles), Florida has the largest phosphate deposits in North America. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.173.33.100 (talk) 03:30, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

Uranium contamination of fertilizer phosphate
Here in Germany, the use of uranium-contaminated standard phosphate fertilizers in farming has been linked to significantly raised uranium levels in the drinking water of some areas. It has lead to recommendations to use bottled water for baby food, instead of tap water. If anybody knows of similar research in other countries, it might be recommendable to give this an extra paragraph in the article. TurnspitDawg (talk) 13:18, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

Quantum structure??
Inexpertly, the central Phosphorous (P) atom must lose an electron (P+), so as to have a 4-electron valence shell, like carbon (which can also form four tetrahedral bonds). Then, each of the four Oxygen (O) atoms must gain an electron (O-), so as to have a 7-electron valence shell, like Fluorine (which can also form single bonds). Thus, is not the quantum structure of Phosphate (P+)(O-)4 ? 66.235.38.214 (talk) 06:16, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

The bonding here is wrong. The explanation is in the sulfate article. Too many people were taught that electroneutrality beats octet rule, and the research shows that it clearly does not. Good luck changing four or five generations of people drawing this wrong in every chem, biology, and biochem text on the planet. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.156.34.191 (talk) 18:09, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

"Orthophosphate"
I clicked on "orthophosphate" (really, just to find out what the "ortho-" means) and got "Phosphate". I knew enough to try "ortho acid", but maybe a lot of people don't?... ---lifeform (talk) 03:52, 19 October 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 02:53, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phosphate


text:
Troma Entertainment

Troma Entertainment is an American independent film production and distribution company founded by Lloyd Kaufman and Michael Herz in 1974. The company produces low-budget independent films, or "B movies", primarily of the horror comedy genre, all geared exclusively to mature audiences. Many of them play on 1950s horror with elements of farce, parody, gore, and splatter.

Troma has produced, acquired, and distributed over 1,000 independent films since its creation. Films produced and distributed by Troma include The Toxic Avenger (1984) and its sequels; Class of Nuke 'Em High (1986) and its sequels; Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D. (1990); Tromeo and Juliet (1996); Terror Firmer (1999); and Poultrygeist: Night of the Chicken Dead (2006).

In 2012, the company officially released many of its films on YouTube. However, their YouTube channel was eventually terminated for not meeting community standards.

As of 2023, Troma's slogan is "50 years of Disrupting Media." Its slogan in 2014 was "40 years of Disrupting Media". Before that, the slogan was "30 Years of Reel Independent Cinema". Another slogan the company has used is "Movies of the Future." The company also has its own streaming service called Troma Now. The name "Troma" is a neologism derived from the Greek word "tromos" (τρόμος), meaning "horror," which comes from the Proto-Indo-European root "trem-," meaning "to tremble."

Company information
Troma films are B-movies known for their surrealistic or automatistic nature, along with their use of shocking imagery; some would categorize them as "shock exploitation films". They typically contain overt sexuality, nudity, and intentionally sadistic, gory, and blatant graphic violence, so much so that Troma film has become a term synonymous with these characteristics.

Troma reuses the same props, actors, and scenes repeatedly, sometimes to save money. At a certain point, however, this became yet another hallmark of Troma. Examples include a severed leg, a penis monster, and the flipping and exploding car filmed for the movie Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D., which is used in place of any other car that needs to crash and explode.

Troma has produced or acquired early films featuring several rising talents, before they were discovered, including:

 * Oliver Stone in The Battle of Love's Return (1971), in which the future Academy Award-winning director made his debut as an actor
 * Paul Sorvino in Cry Uncle! (1971)
 * Vanna White in Graduation Day (1981)
 * Kevin Costner in Sizzle Beach, U.S.A. (1981)
 * J. J. Abrams in Nightbeast (1982)
 * Vincent D'Onofrio in The First Turn-On! (1983)
 * Marisa Tomei in The Toxic Avenger (1984)
 * Michael Jai White in The Toxic Avenger Part II (1989)
 * Billy Bob Thornton in Chopper Chicks in Zombietown (1989)
 * Samuel L. Jackson in Def by Temptation (1990)
 * Trey Parker and Matt Stone in Cannibal! The Musical (1993)
 * David Boreanaz in Macabre Pair of Shorts (1996)
 * James Gunn in Tromeo and Juliet (1996)
 * Carmen Electra in The Chosen One (1998)

The studio prides itself on its self-imposed "Rules of Production":

 * 1) Safety to humans
 * 2) Safety to property
 * 3) Make a good movie! (written in smaller font than the first two)

Their latest production has been Shakespeare's Shitstorm (2020).

History
In the mid-1970s, Kaufman and Herz began producing, directing, and distributing raunchy sex comedies such as The First Turn-On! and Squeeze Play!. Troma provided production support for Louis Malle's My Dinner with Andre, for which Kaufman served as a production manager.

In 1984, Troma had a hit with the violent comedy horror superhero film The Toxic Avenger. The film went on to become Troma's most popular, spawning sequels and an animated television program. However, following the financial demise of the company Troma itself, the sequels to the film were box office bombs, and the cartoon adaptation quickly ended. The Toxic Avenger character is now Troma's official mascot.

Kaufman's follow-up film to The Toxic Avenger was Class of Nuke 'Em High, co-directed with Richard W. Haines. The film was a hit nearly as successful, though it inspired two unsuccessful sequels, both following the financial demise of Troma. At one time, it was the highest-selling VHS release for Troma.

The Toxic Avenger was turned into a musical which debuted at the George Street Playhouse in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and opened in New York in the fall of 2008. The Toxic Avenger Musical book by Joe DiPietro, the author of the long-running I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change and All Shook Up, was released the same year. The music is by David Bryan, keyboardist of the rock band Bon Jovi.

Soon after Class of Nuke 'Em High was completed and distributed, Kaufman directed Troma's War. Intended as a criticism of what it saw as Ronald Reagan's attempt to glamorize war, the story concerns a group of everyday people who crash land on a remote island, only to find it populated by an isolationist militia that intends to overthrow the US government. Troma's War was a box office bomb. In the aftermath of the film's poor performance, despite another stab at the superhero genre with Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D., Troma experienced financial hardship and tried to reestablish itself as a smaller company mostly out of necessity.

Work since 1995
From 1995 to 2000, Troma had a period of creativity and produced some of their greatest work. Kaufman directed three independent films, all distributed in limited theatrical releases: Tromeo and Juliet, a loose parody of Shakespeare's play; Terror Firmer, a slasher film loosely based on Kaufman's book All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from The Toxic Avenger, and an independent film sequel to The Toxic Avenger trilogy titled Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV.

Troma's financial hardship worsened after the botched funding of a low-budget video feature titled Tales from the Crapper, which cost $250,000 despite most of the footage being completely unusable. India Allen, one of the producers, backed out of the film halfway through, and sued Troma, citing breach of contract, slander, sexual harassment, trade slander, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Kaufman supervised a reshoot in an attempt to salvage the film, dividing the footage into two parts and recasting the film as a double feature. Tales from the Crapper was released on DVD in September 2004.

Currently, Troma produces and acquires independent films, despite financial hardships and limitations. Troma Films has distributed many films from third parties including Trey Parker's Cannibal! The Musical. Lloyd encourages independent filmmaking, making cameo appearances in many low-budget horror films, occasionally without fee. Among his more recent appearances is in former collaborator James Gunn's directing debut, Slither, and Guardians of the Galaxy.

Kaufman's long-time editor Gabriel Friedman co-directed and wrote the screenplay to his follow-up film, Poultrygeist: Night of the Chicken Dead, a musical zom-com which made its official New York premiere on May 9, 2008 (although the film had previewed numerous times on single screens for over a year). The film opened to positive reviews from Entertainment Weekly and The New York Times and was released in 2006 in theaters and in 2008 on DVD.

During the winter of 2010/2011, Troma produced a feature-length film Father's Day, which Kaufman calls "a response film to Mother's Day". The film was written and directed by the Canadian filmmaking team Astron-6, debuting October 21, 2011, at the Toronto After Dark Film Festival where it took home the top prize of BEST FILM, as well as five other awards. In 2012 Father's Day was featured on the cover of Rue Morgue magazine and won Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Male Performance, and Best Special Effects at The Fantastic Planet/A Night of Horror International film festival. This is rare for a film that cost only ten thousand dollars to make. On October 31, 2012, Father's Day was refused classification in Australia, which makes it effectively illegal to sell or exhibit the film. A second censored version was eventually passed with an R18+ rating.

In August 2012, Troma released over 100 of its back catalog films on YouTube, many for free, some for 48-hour paid viewing. However, their YouTube channel was terminated in 2020 and 2023 for not meeting community standards, but has since been reinstated.

Hollywood
On April 7, 2010, Kaufman confirmed that a PG-13 remake of The Toxic Avenger had been greenlit and was to be produced by Akiva Goldsman. It actually has not been the first attempt at a general audience-friendly version of the franchise, as Make Your Own Damn Movie identified a previous deal with New Line in the early 1990s for a live-action take on the Toxic Crusaders.

Another 1980s Troma classic, Mother's Day (1980), was also to receive a remake, expected to be directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and produced by Brett Ratner. At the time, Kaufman also said that he was negotiating a deal for a remake of Class of Nuke 'Em High. Shortly thereafter, Troma and Starz Entertainment entered into an agreement for the production of Return to Nuke Em High as a two-volume title. The first volume was released in theaters and on home video. The second volume, delayed due to funding issues, was stated on its Kickstarter website in January 2017 to be nearing completion.

Troma Now
In 2015, Troma launched a streaming service called Troma Now, which offers many of the films distributed by Troma to subscribers. The service offers subscribers a free trial month, after which they need to pay a monthly fee of US$4.99.

TromaDance
Troma holds an annual Tromadance Festival, originally taking place in Park City, Utah at the same time as the Sundance Festival to accentuate their true independence from the mainstream. The festival screens submitted movies from independent filmmakers from around the world, the best of which are usually released on DVD by Troma or compiled in the Best of Tromadance series. In parallel, Troma acts as adviser to aspiring filmmakers with Kaufman teaching classes, contributing cameos and often releasing the finished films on DVD.

2009 marked the last time Tromadance was held in Utah; the festival was subsequently relocated to Asbury Park, New Jersey. In 2014, the festival moved to New York City, and since 2020 has been held at The Mahoning Drive-In Theater.

Kaufman's books
Kaufman has also had some success with several non-fiction books and a novelization of The Toxic Avenger. Released in 1998, All I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from The Toxic Avenger is an autobiography of sorts co-written with James Gunn. This book chronicles the history of the company, its films, and its iconic figurehead. Kaufman continued to draw on his experiences as Troma chief in the "how-to" filmmaking books Make Your Own Damn Movie!, Direct Your Own Damn Movie!, Produce Your Own Damn Movie! and Sell Your Own Damn Movie!. A DVD box set has been released to coincide with release of each of the first three books. In the video series, Kaufman interviews famous and infamous filmmakers about various filmmaking subjects.

In 2006, a novelization of The Toxic Avenger was released. It was co-written by Kaufman and long-time Troma employee Adam Jahnke.

Films distributed
Also see List of Troma Team Video titles for a complete list of films distributed by Troma Entertainment. Below is a list of some Troma distributed films.

 * B.C. Butcher
 * Beware! Children at Play
 * Blood Junkie
 * Blood Sucking Freaks
 * Cannibal! The Musical
 * The Class of Nuke 'Em High series
 * Class of Nuke 'Em High
 * Class of Nuke 'Em High 2: Subhumanoid Meltdown
 * Class of Nuke 'Em High 3: The Good, the Bad and the Subhumanoid
 * Return to Nuke 'Em High Volume 1
 * Return to Return to Nuke 'Em High AKA Volume 2
 * The Children
 * Combat Shock
 * Crazy Animal
 * Def by Temptation
 * Dumpster Baby
 * Escape from Hell
 * Father's Day
 * Ferocious Female Freedom Fighters
 * The First Turn-On!
 * Friend of the World
 * Hanging Woman
 * Heavy Mental: A Rock-N-Roll Bloodbath
 * Hectic Knife
 * Human Hibachi
 * Human Hibachi 2
 * Human Hibachi: The Beginning
 * Homeless Joe
 * Jefftowne
 * Killer Condom
 * The Last Horror Film
 * Lust for Freedom
 * Mad Dog Morgan
 * Maniac Nurses Find Ecstasy
 * The Middle Finger
 * Monster in the Closet
 * Moose Jaws
 * Mother's Day
 * Mr. Bricks: A Heavy Metal Murder Musical
 * Nightbeast
 * Pigs
 * Poultrygeist: Night of the Chicken Dead
 * Rabid Grannies
 * Rednecks
 * Redneck Zombies
 * Scarlett Cross: Agents Of D.E.A.T.H.
 * Screamplay
 * Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D.
 * Shakespeare's Shitstorm
 * Sick Sock Monsters from Outer Space
 * Sizzle Beach, U.S.A.
 * Space Daze
 * Surf Nazis Must Die
 * Tale of Two Sisters
 * Terror Firmer
 * There's Nothing Out There
 * The Toxic Avenger series
 * The Toxic Avenger (1984)
 * The Toxic Avenger Part II
 * The Toxic Avenger Part III: The Last Temptation of Toxie
 * Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV
 * The Toxic Avenger (2023)
 * Tony Trombo's Hick Trek 2
 * Troma's Monster Kill
 * Troma's War
 * Tromeo and Juliet
 * Vegas in Space
 * VHS Massacre
 * VHS Massacre Too
 * Victor Goodview
 * When Nature Calls
 * Yeti: A Love Story
 * Zombiegeddon

Films formerly distributed
Some titles which have at one time, or another, been distributed by Troma Inc. have left the catalog. For instance, My Neighbor Totoro was originally released by Troma's subsidiary 50th Street Films, but only for a short time, and only for U.S. theatrical release. Others were briefly licensed for distribution on VHS such as Femme Fontaine Killer Babe for the C.I.A. which was one of Troma Team Video's original launch titles along with Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D. and Class of Nuke 'em High Part III: The Good, The Bad and The Subhumanoid. Some titles, such as Maniac Nurses Find Ecstasy, are included on this list because they were previously listed but no longer appear in Troma's catalog.

 * Angels' Wild Women
 * The Astro-Zombies (as Astro Zombies)
 * Baby Doll Murders
 * Blood of Ghastly Horror
 * Breakin' in the USA (breakdancing instructional video)
 * Canadian Ballet
 * Chopper Chicks in Zombietown
 * Christmas Evil
 * Club Life
 * The Dark Side of Midnight
 * Dracula vs. Frankenstein
 * Dragon Gate
 * Femme Fontaine Killer Babe For the CIA
 * Fist of Fear, Touch of Death
 * Ghost Ship (a children's feature film, not the horror film)
 * Girls School Screamers
 * Hi Mom!
 * Hungry Young Woman
 * I Spit on Your Corpse
 * Invasion for Flesh and Blood
 * Jakarta
 * Mommy
 * Mommy 2: Mommy's Day
 * The Nick of Time
 * Psycho A-Go-Go
 * Pterodactyl Woman From Beverly Hills
 * The Puppetoon Movie
 * Recorded Live
 * Rockin' Road Trip
 * Romeo: Love Master of the Wild Women's Dorm
 * Satan's Sadists
 * Schlock (as Banana Monster)
 * Space Freaks from Planet Mutoid
 * Splatter University
 * The Stendahl Syndrome
 * Student Confidential
 * That's My Baby!
 * Together and Alone
 * White Elephant: The Battle of the African Ghosts
 * Wildrose

Sub-divisions
Troma has also created/acquired specialty distributors for its films.
 * 50th Street Films: distributes independent films aimed at a mainstream audience; distributed My Neighbor Totoro in theaters
 * TromaDance: distributes films from Troma's film festival
 * Roan films
 * Roan Archival Group Entertainment: distributes digitally remastered releases of classic films
 * EG Sports: distributes golf instructional films by Michael Jacobs

Tromaville
Most of the films made by Troma Entertainment take place in the fictional New Jersey city of Tromaville, known as the "Toxic Chemical Capital of the World." Examples include the Toxic Avenger films and the Class of Nuke 'Em High films. Another film worth mentioning takes place in a post-apocalyptic Tromaville titled A Nymphoid Barbarian In Dinosaur Hell. The following is a list of films that either take place in, or mention, Tromaville.
 * The Toxic Avenger
 * Class of Nuke 'Em High
 * Troma's War
 * The Toxic Avenger Part II
 * The Toxic Avenger Part III: The Last Temptation of Toxie
 * A Nymphoid Barbarian In Dinosaur Hell
 * Sgt. Kabukiman N.Y.P.D.
 * Class of Nuke 'Em High 2: Subhumanoid Meltdown
 * Class of Nuke 'Em High 3: The Good, the Bad and the Subhumanoid
 * Tromeo and Juliet
 * Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV
 * Poultrygeist: Night of the Chicken Dead
 * Father's Day
 * Return to Nuke 'Em High Volume 1
 * The Return of Dolphinman (short film)
 * Dolphinman vs Turkeyman (short film)
 * Dolphinman Battles the Sex Lobsters (short film)
 * Return to Return to Nuke 'Em High AKA Volume 2
 * Shakespeare's Shitstorm

title: Troma Entertainment