text:
Pattern recognition

Pattern recognition is the task of assigning a class to an observation based on patterns extracted from data. While similar, pattern recognition (PR) is not to be confused with pattern machines (PM) which may possess (PR) capabilities but their primary function is to distinguish and create emergent patterns. PR has applications in statistical data analysis, signal processing, image analysis, information retrieval, bioinformatics, data compression, computer graphics and machine learning. Pattern recognition has its origins in statistics and engineering; some modern approaches to pattern recognition include the use of machine learning, due to the increased availability of big data and a new abundance of processing power.

Pattern recognition systems are commonly trained from labeled "training" data. When no labeled data are available, other algorithms can be used to discover previously unknown patterns. KDD and data mining have a larger focus on unsupervised methods and stronger connection to business use. Pattern recognition focuses more on the signal and also takes acquisition and signal processing into consideration. It originated in engineering, and the term is popular in the context of computer vision: a leading computer vision conference is named Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

In machine learning, pattern recognition is the assignment of a label to a given input value. In statistics, discriminant analysis was introduced for this same purpose in 1936. An example of pattern recognition is classification, which attempts to assign each input value to one of a given set of classes (for example, determine whether a given email is "spam"). Pattern recognition is a more general problem that encompasses other types of output as well. Other examples are regression, which assigns a real-valued output to each input; sequence labeling, which assigns a class to each member of a sequence of values (for example, part of speech tagging, which assigns a part of speech to each word in an input sentence); and parsing, which assigns a parse tree to an input sentence, describing the syntactic structure of the sentence.

Pattern recognition algorithms generally aim to provide a reasonable answer for all possible inputs and to perform "most likely" matching of the inputs, taking into account their statistical variation. This is opposed to pattern matching algorithms, which look for exact matches in the input with pre-existing patterns. A common example of a pattern-matching algorithm is regular expression matching, which looks for patterns of a given sort in textual data and is included in the search capabilities of many text editors and word processors.

Overview
A modern definition of pattern recognition is: "The field of pattern recognition is concerned with the automatic discovery of regularities in data through the use of computer algorithms and with the use of these regularities to take actions such as classifying the data into different categories."

Pattern recognition is generally categorized according to the type of learning procedure used to generate the output value. Supervised learning assumes that a set of training data (the training set) has been provided, consisting of a set of instances that have been properly labeled by hand with the correct output. A learning procedure then generates a model that attempts to meet two sometimes conflicting objectives: Perform as well as possible on the training data, and generalize as well as possible to new data (usually, this means being as simple as possible, for some technical definition of "simple", in accordance with Occam's Razor, discussed below). Unsupervised learning, on the other hand, assumes training data that has not been hand-labeled, and attempts to find inherent patterns in the data that can then be used to determine the correct output value for new data instances. A combination of the two that has been explored is semi-supervised learning, which uses a combination of labeled and unlabeled data (typically a small set of labeled data combined with a large amount of unlabeled data). In cases of unsupervised learning, there may be no training data at all.

Sometimes different terms are used to describe the corresponding supervised and unsupervised learning procedures for the same type of output. The unsupervised equivalent of classification is normally known as clustering, based on the common perception of the task as involving no training data to speak of, and of grouping the input data into clusters based on some inherent similarity measure (e.g. the distance between instances, considered as vectors in a multi-dimensional vector space), rather than assigning each input instance into one of a set of pre-defined classes. In some fields, the terminology is different. In community ecology, the term classification is used to refer to what is commonly known as "clustering".

The piece of input data for which an output value is generated is formally termed an instance. The instance is formally described by a vector of features, which together constitute a description of all known characteristics of the instance. These feature vectors can be seen as defining points in an appropriate multidimensional space, and methods for manipulating vectors in vector spaces can be correspondingly applied to them, such as computing the dot product or the angle between two vectors. Features typically are either categorical (also known as nominal, i.e., consisting of one of a set of unordered items, such as a gender of "male" or "female", or a blood type of "A", "B", "AB" or "O"), ordinal (consisting of one of a set of ordered items, e.g., "large", "medium" or "small"), integer-valued (e.g., a count of the number of occurrences of a particular word in an email) or real-valued (e.g., a measurement of blood pressure). Often, categorical and ordinal data are grouped together, and this is also the case for integer-valued and real-valued data. Many algorithms work only in terms of categorical data and require that real-valued or integer-valued data be discretized into groups (e.g., less than 5, between 5 and 10, or greater than 10).

Probabilistic classifiers
Many common pattern recognition algorithms are probabilistic in nature, in that they use statistical inference to find the best label for a given instance. Unlike other algorithms, which simply output a "best" label, often probabilistic algorithms also output a probability of the instance being described by the given label. In addition, many probabilistic algorithms output a list of the N-best labels with associated probabilities, for some value of N, instead of simply a single best label. When the number of possible labels is fairly small (e.g., in the case of classification), N may be set so that the probability of all possible labels is output. Probabilistic algorithms have many advantages over non-probabilistic algorithms:
 * They output a confidence value associated with their choice. (Note that some other algorithms may also output confidence values, but in general, only for probabilistic algorithms is this value mathematically grounded in probability theory. Non-probabilistic confidence values can in general not be given any specific meaning, and only used to compare against other confidence values output by the same algorithm.)
 * Correspondingly, they can abstain when the confidence of choosing any particular output is too low.
 * Because of the probabilities output, probabilistic pattern-recognition algorithms can be more effectively incorporated into larger machine-learning tasks, in a way that partially or completely avoids the problem of error propagation.

Number of important feature variables
Feature selection algorithms attempt to directly prune out redundant or irrelevant features. A general introduction to feature selection which summarizes approaches and challenges, has been given. The complexity of feature-selection is, because of its non-monotonous character, an optimization problem where given a total of $$n$$ features the powerset consisting of all $$2^n-1$$ subsets of features need to be explored. The Branch-and-Bound algorithm does reduce this complexity but is intractable for medium to large values of the number of available features $$n$$

Techniques to transform the raw feature vectors (feature extraction) are sometimes used prior to application of the pattern-matching algorithm. Feature extraction algorithms attempt to reduce a large-dimensionality feature vector into a smaller-dimensionality vector that is easier to work with and encodes less redundancy, using mathematical techniques such as principal components analysis (PCA). The distinction between feature selection and feature extraction is that the resulting features after feature extraction has taken place are of a different sort than the original features and may not easily be interpretable, while the features left after feature selection are simply a subset of the original features.

Problem statement
The problem of pattern recognition can be stated as follows: Given an unknown function $$g:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow\mathcal{Y}$$ (the ground truth) that maps input instances $$\boldsymbol{x} \in \mathcal{X}$$ to output labels $$y \in \mathcal{Y}$$, along with training data $$\mathbf{D} = \{(\boldsymbol{x}_1,y_1),\dots,(\boldsymbol{x}_n, y_n)\}$$ assumed to represent accurate examples of the mapping, produce a function $$h:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow\mathcal{Y}$$ that approximates as closely as possible the correct mapping $$g$$. (For example, if the problem is filtering spam, then $$\boldsymbol{x}_i$$ is some representation of an email and $$y$$ is either "spam" or "non-spam"). In order for this to be a well-defined problem, "approximates as closely as possible" needs to be defined rigorously. In decision theory, this is defined by specifying a loss function or cost function that assigns a specific value to "loss" resulting from producing an incorrect label. The goal then is to minimize the expected loss, with the expectation taken over the probability distribution of $$\mathcal{X}$$. In practice, neither the distribution of $$\mathcal{X}$$ nor the ground truth function $$g:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow\mathcal{Y}$$ are known exactly, but can be computed only empirically by collecting a large number of samples of $$\mathcal{X}$$ and hand-labeling them using the correct value of $$\mathcal{Y}$$ (a time-consuming process, which is typically the limiting factor in the amount of data of this sort that can be collected). The particular loss function depends on the type of label being predicted. For example, in the case of classification, the simple zero-one loss function is often sufficient. This corresponds simply to assigning a loss of 1 to any incorrect labeling and implies that the optimal classifier minimizes the error rate on independent test data (i.e. counting up the fraction of instances that the learned function $$h:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow\mathcal{Y}$$ labels wrongly, which is equivalent to maximizing the number of correctly classified instances). The goal of the learning procedure is then to minimize the error rate (maximize the correctness) on a "typical" test set.

For a probabilistic pattern recognizer, the problem is instead to estimate the probability of each possible output label given a particular input instance, i.e., to estimate a function of the form
 * $$p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol\theta) = f\left(\boldsymbol{x};\boldsymbol{\theta}\right)$$

where the feature vector input is $$\boldsymbol{x}$$, and the function f is typically parameterized by some parameters $$\boldsymbol{\theta}$$. In a discriminative approach to the problem, f is estimated directly. In a generative approach, however, the inverse probability $$p({\boldsymbol{x}|\rm label})$$ is instead estimated and combined with the prior probability $$p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol\theta)$$ using Bayes' rule, as follows:
 * $$p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol\theta) = \frac{p({\boldsymbol{x}|\rm label,\boldsymbol\theta}) p({\rm label|\boldsymbol\theta})}{\sum_{L \in \text{all labels}} p(\boldsymbol{x}|L) p(L|\boldsymbol\theta)}.$$

When the labels are continuously distributed (e.g., in regression analysis), the denominator involves integration rather than summation:

 * $$p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol\theta) = \frac{p({\boldsymbol{x}|\rm label,\boldsymbol\theta}) p({\rm label|\boldsymbol\theta})}{\int_{L \in \text{all labels}} p(\boldsymbol{x}|L) p(L|\boldsymbol\theta) \operatorname{d}L}.$$

The value of $$\boldsymbol\theta$$ is typically learned using maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. This finds the best value that simultaneously meets two conflicting objects: To perform as well as possible on the training data (smallest error-rate) and to find the simplest possible model. Essentially, this combines maximum likelihood estimation with a regularization procedure that favors simpler models over more complex models. In a Bayesian context, the regularization procedure can be viewed as placing a prior probability $$p(\boldsymbol\theta)$$ on different values of $$\boldsymbol\theta$$. Mathematically:

 * $$\boldsymbol\theta^* = \arg \max_{\boldsymbol\theta} p(\boldsymbol\theta|\mathbf{D})$$

where $$\boldsymbol\theta^*$$ is the value used for $$\boldsymbol\theta$$ in the subsequent evaluation procedure, and $$p(\boldsymbol\theta|\mathbf{D})$$, the posterior probability of $$\boldsymbol\theta$$, is given by

 * $$p(\boldsymbol\theta|\mathbf{D}) = \left[\prod_{i=1}^n p(y_i|\boldsymbol{x}_i,\boldsymbol\theta) \right] p(\boldsymbol\theta).$$

In the Bayesian approach to this problem, instead of choosing a single parameter vector $$\boldsymbol{\theta}^*$$, the probability of a given label for a new instance $$\boldsymbol{x}$$ is computed by integrating over all possible values of $$\boldsymbol\theta$$, weighted according to the posterior probability:

 * $$p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol{x}) = \int p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol\theta)p(\boldsymbol{\theta}|\mathbf{D}) \operatorname{d}\boldsymbol{\theta}.$$

Frequentist or Bayesian approach to pattern recognition
The first pattern classifier – the linear discriminant presented by Fisher – was developed in the frequentist tradition. The frequentist approach entails that the model parameters are considered unknown, but objective. The parameters are then computed (estimated) from the collected data. For the linear discriminant, these parameters are precisely the mean vectors and the covariance matrix. Also the probability of each class $$p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol\theta)$$ is estimated from the collected dataset. Note that the usage of 'Bayes rule' in a pattern classifier does not make the classification approach Bayesian.

Bayesian statistics has its origin in Greek philosophy where a distinction was already made between the 'a priori' and the 'a posteriori' knowledge. Later Kant defined his distinction between what is a priori known – before observation – and the empirical knowledge gained from observations. In a Bayesian pattern classifier, the class probabilities $$p({\rm label}|\boldsymbol\theta)$$ can be chosen by the user, which are then a priori. Moreover, experience quantified as a priori parameter values can be weighted with empirical observations – using e.g., the Beta- (conjugate prior) and Dirichlet-distributions. The Bayesian approach facilitates a seamless intermixing between expert knowledge in the form of subjective probabilities, and objective observations.

Probabilistic pattern classifiers can be used according to a frequentist or a Bayesian approach.

Uses
Within medical science, pattern recognition is the basis for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. CAD describes a procedure that supports the doctor's interpretations and findings. Other typical applications of pattern recognition techniques are automatic speech recognition, speaker identification, classification of text into several categories (e.g., spam or non-spam email messages), the automatic recognition of handwriting on postal envelopes, automatic recognition of images of human faces, or handwriting image extraction from medical forms. The last two examples form the subtopic image analysis of pattern recognition that deals with digital images as input to pattern recognition systems.

Optical character recognition is an example of the application of a pattern classifier. The method of signing one's name was captured with stylus and overlay starting in 1990. The strokes, speed, relative min, relative max, acceleration and pressure is used to uniquely identify and confirm identity. Banks were first offered this technology, but were content to collect from the FDIC for any bank fraud and did not want to inconvenience customers.

Pattern recognition has many real-world applications in image processing. Some examples include:
 * identification and authentication: e.g., license plate recognition, fingerprint analysis, face detection/verification, and voice-based authentication.
 * medical diagnosis: e.g., screening for cervical cancer (Papnet), breast tumors or heart sounds;
 * defense: various navigation and guidance systems, target recognition systems, shape recognition technology etc.
 * mobility: advanced driver assistance systems, autonomous vehicle technology, etc.

In psychology, pattern recognition is used to make sense of and identify objects, and is closely related to perception. This explains how the sensory inputs humans receive are made meaningful. Pattern recognition can be thought of in two different ways. The first concerns template matching and the second concerns feature detection. A template is a pattern used to produce items of the same proportions. The template-matching hypothesis suggests that incoming stimuli are compared with templates in the long-term memory. If there is a match, the stimulus is identified. Feature detection models, such as the Pandemonium system for classifying letters (Selfridge, 1959), suggest that the stimuli are broken down into their component parts for identification. One observation is a capital E having three horizontal lines and one vertical line.

Algorithms
Algorithms for pattern recognition depend on the type of label output, on whether learning is supervised or unsupervised, and on whether the algorithm is statistical or non-statistical in nature. Statistical algorithms can further be categorized as generative or discriminative.

Classification methods (methods predicting categorical labels)
Parametric: Nonparametric:
 * Linear discriminant analysis
 * Quadratic discriminant analysis
 * Maximum entropy classifier (aka logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression): Note that logistic regression is an algorithm for classification, despite its name. (The name comes from the fact that logistic regression uses an extension of a linear regression model to model the probability of an input being in a particular class.)
 * Decision trees, decision lists
 * Kernel estimation and K-nearest-neighbor algorithms
 * Naive Bayes classifier
 * Neural networks (multi-layer perceptrons)
 * Perceptrons
 * Support vector machines
 * Gene expression programming

Clustering methods (methods for classifying and predicting categorical labels)

 * Categorical mixture models
 * Hierarchical clustering (agglomerative or divisive)
 * K-means clustering
 * Correlation clustering
 * Kernel principal component analysis (Kernel PCA)

Ensemble learning algorithms (supervised meta-algorithms for combining multiple learning algorithms together)

 * Boosting (meta-algorithm)
 * Bootstrap aggregating ("bagging")
 * Ensemble averaging
 * Mixture of experts, hierarchical mixture of experts

General methods for predicting arbitrarily-structured (sets of) labels

 * Bayesian networks
 * Markov random fields

Multilinear subspace learning algorithms (predicting labels of multidimensional data using tensor representations)
Unsupervised:
 * Multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA)

Real-valued sequence labeling methods (predicting sequences of real-valued labels)

 * Kalman filters
 * Particle filters

Regression methods (predicting real-valued labels)

 * Gaussian process regression (kriging)
 * Linear regression and extensions
 * Independent component analysis (ICA)
 * Principal components analysis (PCA)

Sequence labeling methods (predicting sequences of categorical labels)

 * Conditional random fields (CRFs)
 * Hidden Markov models (HMMs)
 * Maximum entropy Markov models (MEMMs)
 * Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
 * Dynamic time warping (DTW)

title: Pattern recognition


text:
Garden City South, New York

Garden City South is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Hempstead, New York in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 4,119 at the 2020 census.

History
Garden City South's name reflects upon its geographic location south of the Garden City, New York.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.4 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 4,119 people and 1,312 households residing in the CDP. The median household income was $146,346 and those with a bachelor's degree or Higher at 49.1% and an employment Rate of 62.4%.

Race and ethnicity population reported in the 2020 census are as follows: White alone: 3260, Black or African descent: 46, American Indian and Alaska Native alone: 8, Asian alone: 348, and some other race alone: 181.

There were 1,312 households, out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

Notable people

 * Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Garden City South, New York


text:
Glen Cove, New York

Glen Cove is a city in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, New York, United States. At the 2020 United States Census, the city population was 28,365. Of Nassau County's five municipalities, Glen Cove is one of two that are cities, rather than towns, the other being Long Beach (on the South Shore).

Glen Cove was considered part of the affluent, early 20th-century Gold Coast of Long Island, as the properties located along the area's waterfront were initially developed as large country estates by wealthy entrepreneurs and businessmen (such as J.P. Morgan, Phipps, Pratt, and Prybil).

Historically, with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, Glen Cove blossomed in the areas of manufacturing, agriculture and local retail, all of which were operated and staffed by a diverse workforce. The local opportunities—for potential business owners, entrepreneurs, and those seeking employment—attracted numerous immigrants from Europe, largely from Ireland, Italy, and Eastern Europe. Since the 20th century, Glen Cove has also become the home for new waves of immigrants seeking opportunities from Central and South America, as well as parts of Asia.

History
Ancient cultures of indigenous peoples had lived in the area for thousands of years. At the time of European contact, bands of the Lenape (Delaware) nation inhabited western Long Island and the areas along today's New York Harbor and adjacent New Jersey, as well as further south down the coast, through present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware, and along the Delaware River. They spoke an Algonquian language. By 1600, however, the band inhabiting this local area was called the Matinecock (Metoac), after their location.

Glen Cove was used as a port by the English, and for those coming and going further inland to New England. On May 24, 1668, Joseph Carpenter of Warwick, Rhode Island, purchased about 2000 acre of land to the northwest of the Town of Oyster Bay from the Matinecock. Later that year, he admitted four male residents of Oyster Bay as co-partners in the project—the brothers Nathaniel, Daniel, and Robert Coles along with Nicholas Simkins. The five young men named the settlement 'Musketa Cove Plantation', musketa meaning "place of rushes" in the Lenape languag e.

19th century
In the 1830s, steamboats started regular service on Long Island Sound, between New York City and Musketa Cove, arriving at a point still called The Landing. As the Lenape word Musketa was incorrectly associated with the English word mosquito, in 1834, residents changed the name officially to Glen Cove; this was said to be taken from a misheard suggestion of Glencoe (referring to Glencoe, Scotland or Glencoe, Nova Scotia).

Glen Cove added to its population as workers arrived for jobs at the Duryea Corn Starch factory, which operated until 1900. The name Duryea was suggested as a name to replace Mosquito Cove; however, it was later rejected.

By 1850, Glen Cove had become a popular summer resort for New York City residents. The Long Island Rail Road was extended to Glen Cove in 1867, providing quicker, more frequent services to New York City. The availability of the train, and the town's location on Long Island Sound, made it attractive to year-round residents, thus the population increased.

The vistas afforded from Long Island Sound of the town's rolling hills attracted late 19th-century wealthy industrial barons, including Charles Pratt and his sons, Charles Anderson Dana as well as J.P. Morgan, and F.W. Woolworth. They built large, private estates along the island's North Shore. This expanse of settled wealth was part of what became known in the 1920s as the Gold Coast of Nassau County. Part of the Morgan property was donated to the city, and it is now operated as Morgan Park and Beach.

20th century
On January 1, 1918, Glen Cove became an independent city, separating from the Town of Oyster Bay, after 250 years. The incorporation was driven by a desire for its tax revenues to be used locally, rather than distributed throughout Oyster Bay. Glen Cove, at the time, was an especially wealthy part of the town, but the town's provisions for Glen Cove's police service and roads were seen as "inadequate", given the amount of taxes levied. It was unusual in that Glen Cove was incorporated as a city without ever having been an incorporated village.

Prior to the mid-20th century, most of the mansions were expanded for uses beyond simply residential. Winfield Hall, the former estate of F.W. Woolworth, is privately-owned.

Altogether, five Pratt families owned a total of about 5000 acre in the area. John Teele Pratt's estate (The Manor, designed by Charles A. Platt) is operated as the Glen Cove Mansion Hotel and Conference Center.

The Braes, the country estate of Herbert L. Pratt, was purchased by the Webb Institute in 1945. After renovation, it opened the facility in 1947 as an established specialty college for naval architecture and engineering.

George DuPont Pratt's estate, Killenworth, was purchased by the Soviet Union in 1951, for use by its United Nations (UN) delegation. The Russians have used it for decades, both to house visitors and as a weekend retreat for its UN staff. In 1960, while visiting New York for UN meetings, Nikita Khrushchev (former premier of the Soviet Union) and Fidel Castro (then president of Cuba), both stayed at Killenworth.

Like many other suburbs, Glen Cove grew rapidly in population after World War II when new residential developments were completed on former pastureland and farms. Many new residents, at the time, were the second- or third-generation children of Eastern and Southern European immigrants, relocating from their family homes in Queens or Brooklyn. Many African Americans were direct descendants of slaves from the colonial period, as colonists had imported West African slaves for domestic work and farm labor; still others were descendants of migrants from the South who had moved to New York City and the surrounding areas during the Great Migration of the first half of the 20th century.

Since the late 20th century, immigrants to the city have been prominently Latin American and East and South Asian. A Sikh gurdwara established in Glen Cove draws members from the ethnic Indian population in the area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has 19.2 sqmi, of which 6.7 sqmi is land and 12.6 sqmi – or 65.51% – is water.

The city is on the North Shore of Long Island, bordering the Long Island Sound. The hills that stretch along the shore are part of the Harbor Hill Moraine – a terminal moraines left by glaciers of the last ice age.

Glen Cove is bordered on three sides by the Town of Oyster Bay, and on the fourth by the Long Island Sound.

Climate
Glen Cove has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) that was hot-summer humid continental (Dfa) until the most recent temperature numbers. The monthly average ranges from 32.7 °F in January to 75.5 °F in July. All months now average above freezing, seven months are above 50 °F, and July and August are above 22 °C (71.6 °F.).

Greater Glen Cove area
Glen Cove consists of 1 city, 4 villages and 4 unincorporated hamlets

 * Glen Cove
 * Glen Head
 * Glenwood Landing
 * Sea Cliff
 * Locust Valley
 * Old Brookville
 * Matinecock
 * Lattingtown
 * Greenvale

Note: Locust Valley, Old Brookville, Matinecock & Lattingtown are also part of the greater Oyster Bay Area, & Greenvale is also part of the greater Roslyn Area.

Demographics
According to the 2010 U.S. census, Glen Cove had a population of 26,964. In 2000, the city had a population of 26,622 people, 9,461 households, and 6,651 families residing in the city limits; in 2000 its population was spread out at 4,006.0 people per square mile (1,545.7/km2). The 2019 American Community Survey determined Glen Clove's population increased to 27,166.

At the 2000 U.S. census, there were 9,461 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. In 2000, 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.22. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $89,000 and the median income for a family was $108,000 in 2000. Males had a median income of $61,900 versus $40,581 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,627.

In 2019, there were 9,811 households, out of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, and 52.2% of the city population were female. Glen Clove had an owner-occupied housing rate of 52.5% and there was an average of 2.70 persons per household from 2015 to 2019. The city had a median household income of $80,702 and per capita income of $40,703. Of the total population, 13.8% were estimated to live at or below the poverty line.

Race and ethnicity
According to the 2019 American Community Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau determined 54.7% of the population was non-Hispanic white, 8.4% Black or African American, 1.0% American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.3% Asian, 2.7% two or more races, and 25.8% Hispanic or Latin American of any race. In 2010, the racial and ethnic makeup of Glen Cove was 74.2% White (59.4% non-Hispanic white), 7.2% African American, 4.6% Asian, 10.1% some other race, 3.2% two or more races, 0.4% Native American, and 0.1% Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 27.9% of the population. At the 2000 census, the racial makeup of the city was 60.28% White, 26.40% African American, 0.29% Native American, 4.11% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 5.72% from other races, and 23.15% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 20.0% of the population.

Economy
Acclaim Entertainment had its headquarters in One Acclaim Plaza, located in Glen Cove. Acclaim bought the three-story, 65000 sqft, Class A office building in 1994 for $4 million.

Glen Cove Creek was channelized in the early 20th century by the US Army Corps of Engineers.

Li Tungsten produced tungsten powder and tungsten carbide powder, along with other specialty products. The company was first known as Wah Chang Smelting and Refining Company, and later as Teledyne Wah Chang.

Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Company opened a Glen Cove research lab in 1932 and produced blue printing inks, carbon paper and typing ribbon until 1980.

Powers Chemco, which made photographic equipment and supplies, was renamed Chemco Technologies in 1987. It was later purchased and renamed Konica Imaging U.S.A., and is today known as Konica Minolta Holding USA Inc. The company closed its Glen Cove factory in 2006 and moved to Michigan.

In 1953 and 1958, Pall Corporation established factories to make filtration products. One site was occupied until 1999, the other until 1971, when the building was sold to August Thomsen Corp.

Photocircuits Corporation began manufacturing circuit boards in 1951, and employed 740 workers when it closed in 2007.

Another company, Slater Electric, began making electrical wiring devices in 1956.

In 1988, Pass and Seymour manufactured electric components using an injection molding process.

Formerly, Gladsky Marine operated a marina and marine repair facility along Glen Cove Creek from the early 1970s until 1999. The site was listed by the EPA as a cleanup site. The remediation of semi-volatile organic compounds and metals from the facility was completed in 2010.

Culture

 * The Morgan Park Music Festival holds free concerts on Sunday evenings during July and August at the gazebo in Morgan Park.
 * Glen Cove is the headquarters of the American Stamp Dealers Association.
 * Welwyn, the former Harold Pratt estate, is a 204 acre, densely wooded preserve open to the public. It features nature trails and a variety of habitats, including a wooded stream valley, fresh water ponds and swamps, a coastal salt marsh, and a stretch of Long Island Sound shoreline. More than 100 species of birds and a variety of small native mammals, reptiles and amphibians inhabit the preserve's grounds. It is the site of the Holocaust Memorial & Tolerance Center, which offers exhibits and other educational programs.

Sister city
Its sister city is Sturno, Italy, where many immigrants came in the 20th century and settled in Glen Cove.

Overview
The Town of Oyster Bay had jurisdiction over the area from the 1680s until 1917, when Glen Cove became an independent city. The city has its own police, fire protection, and Glen Cove Emergency Medical Services. The fire department and emergency medical services are volunteer agencies. The Office of Emergency Management is responsible for the planning, coordination, and response to natural and human-made emergencies that occur within the city of Glen Cove.

City government
The City of Glen Cove is governed under a strong mayor-council government, with the governing body being the Glen Cove City Council.

Mayor
As of November 2023, the Mayor of Glen Cove is Pamela Panzenbeck; this position is elected at-large. She replaced two-term Mayor Timothy Tenke, who succeeded Reginald Spinello.

Council members
The members of the city council are elected from single-member districts. As of January 2024, the members of the Glen Cove City Council are Grady Farnan, Kevin Maccarone, Danielle Fugazy Scagiola, Marsha Silverman, John Zozzaro, and Michael Ktistakis.

Public schools
The city of Glen Cove and its residents are served by the Glen Cove City School District. Children who live in the City attend the Eugene J. Gribbin/ Katherine A. Deasy Elementary schools for grades K-2 (pre-k offered at Deasy), Landing/Margaret. A. Connolly schools for grades 3–5, Robert M. Finley Middle School for grades 6–8, and Glen Cove High School for grades 9–12. Finley Middle School was one of ten NASSP Breakthrough Schools. The Glen Cove City School District's "Paired Plan" for elementary schools has the Gribbin and Connolly schools paired, as well as the Deasy and Landing schools. All students from across the city attend joint classes in the central Middle and High schools.

Private schools
There are several private educational institutions inside the city limits:
 * All Saints Regional Catholic School, which closed in 2019 [49]
 * Friends Academy (pre-K – 12) is a Quaker-founded private school that is located within the City of Glen Cove but has a Locust Valley mailing address.
 * Webb Institute of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, a four-year college

Transportation
The city of Glen Cove is served by the following mass transit services:

Rail
The Oyster Bay Branch of the Long Island Rail Road has three stations within the boundaries of the city: Sea Cliff, Glen Street, and Glen Cove.

Local bus service
Nassau Inter-County Express provides service on two routes: N21 (to Great Neck, except Sundays to Roslyn) and N27 (to Hempstead). There is also local service within the city.

Express bus service
North Fork Express offers weekday commuter service between Glen Cove and Manhattan with stops in Midtown and the Wall Street area.

Proposed ferry service
The city has long planned a ferry service direct to Midtown Manhattan. Although initially planned to launch in 2020, the launch of the service has been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on transportation demand. The city now plans to start service if demand for ferry service returns. The city has put out a survey in 2022 to see if such demand exists.

Landmarks

The United States Post Office at Glen Cove, built in 1932 during the Great Depression, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The Justice Court Building, the former city court and later city hall and police headquarters, was added to the National Register in 1990. It has been renovated and adapted for use as the North Shore Historical Museum. The Old Glen Cove Post Office on Glen Street was listed on the National Register in 2010; it is now used as an architect's office.

Notable people

 * Laurie Bird – film actress
 * Leslie Buck – businessman, designer of the Anthora coffee cup
 * Roy Campanella – baseball player with the Brooklyn Dodgers
 * Daniel Daly – United States Marine, double medal of honor recipient
 * Howard Davis Jr. – boxer
 * Dave Dictor – founding member, vocalist of MDC (Millions of Dead Cops)
 * Ashanti Douglas – singer and actress
 * John Edward – psychic medium
 * Whitey Ford – Yankees baseball player
 * Mike Grella – professional soccer player for the Coloumbus Crew SC
 * Priscilla Johnson McMillan - journalist and writer
 * Carl Karilivacz – NFL player
 * Robert F. Kennedy – United States Attorney general, Senator, and presidential candidate
 * Nick Markakis – baseball player
 * Brian Myers – professional wrestler
 * Samuel Pierce - attorney and politician
 * Thomas Pynchon – novelist
 * Christine C. Quinn – former member of the New York City Council and former Speaker of the NYC Council, politician, housing activist, homeless advocate and organization manager, former head of Anti-Violence Project, CEO and President of Women in Need
 * Chuck Schuldiner – founding member, guitarist, and vocalist of the death metal band Death
 * Susan Sensemann – artist
 * Tom Suozzi – former Nassau County Executive and U.S. Congressman
 * MaliVai Washington – tennis player
 * Stan Wattles – racing driver

In popular culture

 * Sabrina (1954), starring Humphrey Bogart, Audrey Hepburn, and William Holden – scenes filmed at the Glen Cove train station
 * Josh Alan Friedman, a resident as a child, set his "autobiographical novel", Black Cracker (2010), in Glen Cove. The book portrays events from his childhood in the early 1960s, when he attended South School, a de facto black school. For a time, Friedman was South School's lone white student.
 * Our Idiot Brother (2011), starring Paul Rudd, Zooey Deschanel, Rashida Jones, Elizabeth Banks – interior shots of mother's house were filmed at a house on Highland Rd.
 * Broad City (2016) - In Season 3, Episode 6 "Philadelphia," parts were filmed at Coves Discount Liquors.
 * Kevin Can Wait (2017) – In Season 1 Episode 17, Unholy War, the church scenes were filmed at Glen Cove's St. Rocco's Church.

title: Glen Cove, New York


text:
Glen Head, New York

Glen Head is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. It is considered part of the greater Glen Cove area, which is anchored by the City of Glen Cove. The population was 4,837 at the 2020 census.

Glen Head residents attend the award winning North Shore Central School District.

The Strat-O-Matic game company is headquartered in Glen Head.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.6 sqmi, all land.

Glen Head has transportation connections via its bus line (N27) and its rail line Long Island Rail Road to New York City and three major roads: Glen Cove Road, Glen Head Road, and Glen Cove Avenue.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census the population of the Census designated place was 4,697. The population was 91.8% White 86.2% Non-Hispanic white, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 3.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 2.3% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.1% of the population.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,625 people, 1,681 households, and 1,314 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,870.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,717 housing units at an average density of 1,065.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.29% White, 0.50% African American, 0.04% Native American, 2.01% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.15% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.61% of the population.

There were 1,681 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.0% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $94,453, and the median income for a family was $103,048. Males had a median income of $86,469 versus $50,909 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $67,425. About 1.4% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Glen Head, New York


text:
Glenwood Landing, New York

Glenwood Landing is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York. The population was 3,948 at the time of the 2020 census.

Glenwood Landing is mainly within the Town of Oyster Bay but a small section in the southwest corner is in the Town of North Hempstead. It is a part of the North Shore School District. It is considered part of the greater Glen Cove area, which is anchored by the City of Glen Cove.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 3,379 people residing within Glenwood Landing. the population was 92.9% White, 88.2% Non-Hispanic White, 0.8% Black or African American, 3.7% Asian, 1% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.1% of the population.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,541 people, 1,262 households, and 1,009 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,595.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,284 housing units at an average density of 1,303.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.37% White, 0.28% African American, 2.60% Asian, 0.59% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.33% of the population.

There were 1,262 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.1% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $78,341, and the median income for a family was $90,784. Males had a median income of $68,939 versus $35,833 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $33,689. About 1.0% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

Town representation
As Glenwood Landing is an unincorporated hamlet, it is directly governed by the Towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay.

The parts of Roslyn Harbor in the Town of North Hempstead are located in its 2nd council district, which as of March 2024 is represented on the North Hempstead Town Council by Edward Scott (R–Albertson).

Nassau County representation
Glenwood Landing is located in Nassau County's 11th Legislative district, which as of March 2024 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by Delia DiRiggi-Whitton (D–Glen Cove).

New York State Assembly
Glenwood Landing is split between the New York State Assembly's 13th and 15th State Assembly districts, which as of March 2024 are represented by Charles D. Lavine (D–Glen Cove) and Jacob Ryan Blumencranz (R–Oyster Bay), respectively.

New York State Senate
Glenwood Landing is located within the New York State Senate's 7th State Senate district, which as of March 2024 is represented in the New York State Senate by Jack M. Martins (R–Old Westbury).

United States Congress
Glenwood Landing is located within New York's 3rd congressional district, which as of March 2024 is represented in the United States Congress by Thomas R. Suozzi (D–Glen Cove).

United States Senate
Like the rest of New York, Roslyn Harbor is represented in the United States Senate by Charles Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).

title: Glenwood Landing, New York


text:
Great Neck, New York

Great Neck is a region contained primarily within Nassau County, New York, on Long Island, which covers a peninsula on the North Shore and includes nine villages, among them Great Neck, Great Neck Estates, Great Neck Plaza, Kings Point, and Russell Gardens, and a number of unincorporated areas, as well as an area south of the peninsula near Lake Success and the border territory of Queens. The incorporated village of Great Neck had a population of 9,989 at the 2010 census, while the larger Great Neck area comprises a residential community of some 40,000 people in nine villages and hamlets in the town of North Hempstead, of which Great Neck is the northwestern quadrant. Great Neck has five ZIP Codes (11020–11024), which are united by a park district, one library district, and one school district.

The hamlets are census-designated places that consolidate various unincorporated areas. They are statistical entities and are not recognized locally. However, there are locally recognized neighborhoods within the hamlet areas, such as Harbor Hills, Saddle Rock Estates, University Gardens, and Manhasset. The Manhasset neighborhood (in ZIP Code 11030) is not considered part of Great Neck. The part of the Hamlet of Manhasset that is considered part of Great Neck includes the Great Neck Manor neighborhood. Great Neck Gardens is featured on many maps as a name of one such hamlet, even as the name is seldom used by local residents.

Pre-colonization and colonization
Before the Dutch and English settlers arrived on the peninsula of Great Neck in the 17th century, the Mattinecock Native Americans originally inhabited the shorelines of the peninsula. It was not until 1681 when the European settlers held the first town meeting. The Mattinecock or Metoac used Long Island Sound as a way to both fish and trade with others.

They referred to present-day Great Neck as Menhaden-Ock. It is speculated that they chose this name because of the large amount of fish in the area. With the arrival of the European settlers on the peninsula in the 1640s, Menhaden-Ock evolved into Madnan's Neck. By 1670, Madnan's Neck had further evolved into the current name Great Neck. Local legend has it that the name "Madnan's Neck" is named after Anne (or Nan) Hutchinson. It is said that Anne Hutchinson tried to take over what is considered present-day Kings Point upon her arrival to the peninsula. However, Anne Hutchinson could not actually procure a land grant or deed for the land that she desired. Her temper supposedly earned her the nickname Mad Nan. On November 18, 1643, the Hempstead Plains, which included the peninsula of Great Neck, was sold to the Reverend Robert Fordham and John Carman. In the beginning, the Mattinecock Indians and the European settlers cooperated and coexisted very well together. The Mattinecock would teach the settlers their knowledge of the land in exchange for new technology from the settlers. The settlers even started using the Indian currency of wampum. However, this peaceful coexistence would not last forever, and the relationship between the Mattinecock and the settlers quickly began to deteriorate. Settlers often began complaining of unfriendly Mattinecock behavior, claiming that the natives would damage their homes and hurt their cattle. On November 18, 1659, the settlers passed a law that forced the natives to pay damages for white property that they had damaged. The problem between the settlers and the Mattinecock natives over land and property kept growing and finally came to a head in 1684. A commission of settlers had been elected and given the power to appease the Mattinecock and their leader Tackapousha. Tackapousha was eventually paid off, and received 120 pounds sterling for his land. Tackapousha eventually died, and his body still rests at the Lakeville AME Zion Church's cemetery on Community Drive, across the street from North Shore University Hospital. The Lakeville AME Zion Church is one of the oldest churches in New York State. The very first European to look upon the Long Island peninsula of Great Neck was Captain Adrian Block of the Great Dutch West India Company in 1614, when his men were stranded on the southern tip of Manhattan Island, because their ship Tiger sank shortly after its landing. The captain and his men then built a ship called the Onrust out of timber and salvaged parts from Tiger. When the sailors set sail again, they sailed around Long Island, mapping it as they passed. Later, the Reverend Robert Fordham and John Carman first came to Great Neck from New Haven by use of Long Island Sound. During this trip, the deal with Chief Tackapousha was reached. One year later, on November 16 William Kieft granted a special land patent for the territory, and permission for the community's incorporation. William Kieft was the director general of New Netherland, and the patent that he granted gave the people of the peninsula the right to religious self-determination. The new community's political independence was so great that only town officials who were in any way elected by the Dutch government or its magistrates, first nominated by a town meeting. The Dutch controlled Long Island from 1642 to 1664. Under Dutch rule, constables, local officers, nominated magistrates, and overseers were elected by town meetings and passed legislation. On December 21, 1656, Peter Stuyvesant, who was the director general of New Netherland after William Kieft, appointed the first two magistrates of Hempstead. These two men were John Seaman and Richard Guildersleeve. The local government of Madnan's Neck at the time was extremely active in passing new laws. A liquor tax was imposed, and half of that tax paid for the town's supply of ammunition, with the other half going to education. A religious code of ethics was also published by the local government, which included conduct on holidays for the entire town. There were also punishments for poor conduct, which included fines, corporal punishment, and banishment. The first reported instance of sexual misconduct in the peninsula's history was recorded on October 3, 1659, against Henry Linnington. After the threat of being banished, Linnington was ultimately allowed to stay, on the condition that he reformed his behavior. Around this time, the boundaries of Madnan's Neck and Hempstead grew increasingly apart. As the population of Madnan's Neck grew, independence from Hempstead became increasingly realistic. In 1672, Robert Jackson, a well-known man in the community of Madnan's Neck, beat out Simon Seryon in the election for constable of Hempstead by a count of 39 to 31. However, Seryon was still declared the victor, due to governmental corruption and back door bribery. Incensed by the fixed election and obviously staged result, residents of Madnan's Neck petitioned the governor for separation, but their request was denied. Finally, on June 9, 1687, the order went out from the government of the New Netherland that Madnan's Neck be "separate, hereafter from Hempstead". The town was then given its own marshal, and its own constable. The first constable of Madnan's Neck was a man named Edward Hare, who helped aid in the movement for Madnan's Neck's independence. Over time, Madnan's Neck grew increasingly politically independent. Throughout the next few years, Madnan's Neck depended even less on Hempstead. Few communities of Madnan's Neck's size had their own highway, grist mill, minister, constable, and marshal, yet Madnan's Neck, emerged from Hempstead as a fully functioning town.

After settlement
During the late 19th century, Great Neck was the rail head of the New York and Flushing Railroad, and began the process of converting from a farm village into a commuter town.

In the 1920s, Great Neck—in particular the Village of Kings Point—provided a backdrop to F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby. It was thinly disguised as "West Egg," in counterpoint to Manor Haven/Sands Point, which was the inspiration for the more posh "East Egg" (the next peninsula over on Long Island Sound), Great Neck symbolized the decadence of the Roaring Twenties as it extended out from New York City to then-remote suburbs. The Great Gatsby's themes and characters reflected the real-world transformation that Great Neck was experiencing at the time, as show-business personalities like Eddie Cantor, Sid Caesar, and the Marx Brothers bought homes in the hamlet and eventually established it as a haven for Jewish Americans formerly of Brooklyn and the Bronx.

In 1943, the United States Merchant Marine Academy was founded at the former location of Walter P. Chrysler's palatial estate in Kings Point, as the only higher education institution in Great Neck. The end of World War II saw a tremendous migration of Ashkenazi Jews from the cramped quarters to the burgeoning suburb. They founded many synagogues and community groups and pushed for stringent educational policies in the town's public schools; it is portrayed in Jay Cantor's 2003 novel Great Neck, with recently installed residents of all stripes trying to secure the brightest futures for their children. During the construction of the current headquarters of the United Nations from 1947 through 1952, the United Nations was temporarily headquartered at the Sperry Corporation facility in the Great Neck community of Lake Success due to its proximity to Manhattan. Eleanor Roosevelt headed the UN Commission on Human Rights at this location.

During the 1960s, many residents frequented the local pool and ice-skating complex, Parkwood, after which its patronage dramatically increased following years of decline as homeowners built their own in-ground pools. After the September 11 attacks, the ice-skating rink was renamed in honor of Andrew Stergiopoulos, a local resident who was killed in the attack. It was extensively renovated in 2007 and 2008.

Beginning in the 1980s, an influx of Persian Jews who left their country fleeing persecution from the 1979 Islamic Revolution settled in Great Neck. Beginning in the late 1990s a number of East Asians, predominantly Chinese and Korean, have been moving into the area. The high quality public school education is a key attractor for many of those moving in (the GNPS school district has been ranked by Niche as a #1 public school district in New York in previous years and some of its schools have received Blue Ribbons).

List of communities
Great Neck consists of 9 incorporated villages and 6 unincorporated hamlets:
 * Village of Great Neck
 * Great Neck Estates
 * Great Neck Plaza
 * Kensington
 * Kings Point
 * Lake Success
 * Russell Gardens
 * Saddle Rock
 * Thomaston
 * Great Neck Gardens
 * Harbor Hills
 * Saddle Rock Estates
 * University Gardens

The westernmost portion of the Hamlet of Manhasset lies between the villages of Thomaston and Lake Success and has Great Neck postal codes (1102x).

Transportation
Great Neck is a 33 to 38-minute commute from Manhattan's Penn Station on the Port Washington Branch of the Long Island Rail Road via the Great Neck station, one of the most frequently served in the entire system; as a result, many LIRR trains terminate at the station to serve the large number of riders. Nassau Inter-County Express connects the villages to the train station and offers service to several destinations in Nassau County and Queens from the station, while the southern part of the Great Neck area can also directly access the Q46 New York City Bus on Union Turnpike at the border with Glen Oaks and the Q12 bus on Northern Boulevard at the border with Little Neck.

Emergency services
The Village of Great Neck is protected by the Nassau County Police Department's Sixth Precinct, as is the rest of Great Neck except for the villages of Great Neck Estates, Kings Point, Kensington and Lake Success. Those villages have their own police departments, which are reinforced by the NCPD during any criminal activity, event, or other incident that falls outside the realm of "routine."

Great Neck is served by three all-volunteer fire departments. The Great Neck Alert Fire Company was founded in 1901. The Great Neck Vigilant Fire Company was founded in 1904. Company 3 of the Manhasset-Lakeville Fire Department was founded in 1912, and Company 4 of the M-LFD was founded in 1926. Alert covers the northern part of the peninsula, including the Village of Great Neck, providing fire and heavy rescue response. Alert responds to certain medical emergencies with its heavy rescue truck and provides care before the arrival of an ambulance. Vigilant serves the middle portion of Great Neck with fire and heavy rescue response. The Vigilant Fire Company also provides emergency ambulance services to both its own territory and Alert's. M-LFD Co. 3 and 4 serve the southern part of Great Neck, including the villages of Thomaston and Lake Success. These two companies offer fire and rescue services. The M-LFD Ambulance Unit operates two ambulances out of Co. 3's firehouse. In addition, the Nassau County Police Emergency Ambulance Bureau also provides EMS service to the Manhasset-Lakeville fire district.

Parks and recreation
The Parkwood Pool and skating rink complex, the Village Green and sections of Kings Point Park are managed by the Great Neck Park District. The Park District serves all Great Neck except the villages of Saddle Rock, Great Neck Estates, and Lake Success, and the neighborhoods (not hamlets) of Harbor Hills and University Gardens. Areas not served by the Great Neck Park District have their own facilities for their residents, run by the villages or civic associations. Parkwood can also provide tennis lessons and skating lessons. During the summer it is a part of the Great Neck day camp program, where young campers use the swimming pool facilities.

Economy
At one time Servisair had its Americas offices in Great Neck. Great Neck is also one of the most affluent towns in the country.

Culture and tourism
Great Neck serves primarily as a "bedroom" community for New York City. As such, it contains few "touristy" attractions. Notable exceptions include:
 * Saddle Rock Grist Mill, a historical grain-mill powered by tides; known to have been in operation as early as the 18th century.
 * United States Merchant Marine Academy in Kings Point
 * Steppingstone Park, formerly part of the Walter P. Chrysler estate in Kings Point. Offers summer concerts every Saturday night.
 * Kings Point Park
 * Great Neck Arts Center
 * Great Neck Plaza Shopping District
 * Great Neck Plaza Promenade Nights – Several summer nights in Great Neck's downtown area, streets are closed off and local restaurants bring seating outdoors for a festive evening of dining, live music, and entertainment.
 * Handful of Keys, a trompe l'oeil (fool the eye) mural painted by William Cochran located in Great Neck Plaza.
 * F. Scott Fitzgerald's House was loosely referred to in his novel, The Great Gatsby. "West Egg" referred to Kings Point, a prosperous neighborhood in the northern part of Great Neck, once known for its prevalence of "new money."

Education
Great Neck Library is the public library system serving the community of Great Neck. There are four branches, located throughout the Great Neck peninsula: Main, Station, Parkville, and Lakeville.

The Great Neck Union Free School District is the school district of most of Great Neck. It also includes parts of unincorporated New Hyde Park and Manhasset Hills. A small part of eastern Great Neck around Northern Boulevard is part of the Manhasset Union Free School District, whose students attend Manhasset High School. About 6,200 students, grades K-12, attend the Great Neck Public Schools. There are three high schools: Great Neck North, Great Neck South, and Village (a small alternative high school). There is a district-wide alternative high school program, SEAL Academy (Supportive Environment for All Learners). There are also two middle schools and four elementary schools. Students have diverse backgrounds; they come from more than 40 countries and represent a broad socioeconomic range.

Colleges:
 * United States Merchant Marine Academy

High schools:
 * Great Neck North High School
 * Great Neck South High School
 * Great Neck Village High School (Alternative high school)

Middle schools:
 * Great Neck North Middle School
 * Great Neck South Middle School

Elementary schools:
 * E. M. Baker Elementary School
 * John F. Kennedy Elementary School
 * Lakeville Elementary School
 * Saddle Rock Elementary School

Nursery school:
 * Parkville School

Adult centers:
 * Cumberland
 * Clover Drive

Great Neck's two major high schools are rated among the top in the country. Its students have been frequent finalists in the Intel Science Talent Search, and Great Neck has produced several Intel STS winners since 1999. The district has produced several high school winners of the international First Step to the Nobel Prize in Physics, awarded in Poland. In the 2008 Newsweek magazine's annual list of the top 1,300 American high schools, Great Neck South was ranked 49th, and Great Neck North was ranked 68th.

Private schools in the region include North Shore Hebrew Academy and Silverstein Hebrew Academy.

At one time, the Japanese Weekend School of New York (ニューヨーク補習授業校) conducted lessons in Great Neck.

Notable people

 * Dan Ahdoot, comedian
 * David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel Prize-winning biologist and former president of Caltech (former resident and high school graduate).
 * Nikki Blonsky (born 1988), actress who starred as Tracy Turnblad in the 2007 version of Hairspray and in Harold, filmed in Great Neck North High School and Middle School.
 * Enea Bossi Sr. (1888–1963), Italian-American engineer and aviation pioneer
 * Oscar Brand (1920–2016), folk singer and songwriter (resident)
 * Donald Brian (1877–1948), Broadway actor, singer, and dancer
 * Fanny Brice (1891–1951), comedian, entertainer, theater and film actress, Funny Girl
 * Carol Bruce (1919–2007), singer and theater, film and television actress
 * Algis Budrys (1931–2008), science-fiction author and editor (former resident)
 * Sid Caesar (1922–2014), television pioneer known for Your Show of Shows (resident)
 * Barrie Chase, dancer and actress
 * Maurice Chevalier (1888–1972), actor and entertainer (resident)
 * Walter Chrysler (1875–1940), automobile pioneer, founder of the Chrysler Corporation
 * Mary L. Cleave (born 1947), Space Shuttle astronaut.
 * George M. Cohan (1878–1942), entertainer, playwright, composer, lyricist, actor, singer, dancer, director, and producer (resident)
 * Arthur G. Cohen (1930–2014) American businessman and real estate developer
 * Steven A. Cohen, hedge fund manager (SAC Capital), billionaire (resident)
 * Kenneth Cole, designer (attended school in Great Neck)
 * Francis Ford Coppola, film director (graduated from Great Neck High School North)
 * Andrew W. Cordier, Columbia University president (former resident)
 * Anthony Cumia, latter half of Opie and Anthony (resident)
 * R. J. Cutler (born 1962), American filmmaker, documentarian, television producer and theater director
 * Thomas DiNapoli, New York State Comptroller (resident)
 * Gail Dolgin (1945–2010), filmmaker
 * Tad Dorgan (1877–1929), cartoonist
 * Shay Doron, first Israeli to play in the Women's National Basketball Association (New York Liberty)
 * Will Durant (1885–1981), historian. Author of the multi-volume outline of world history The Story of Civilization.
 * Quinn Early, football player drafted by San Diego Chargers (graduated from Great Neck South High School)
 * Sam Eshaghoff, real estate developer and investor (graduated from Great Neck North High School)
 * Percy Faith (1908–1976), Canadian bandleader, orchestrator, composer and conductor (former resident)
 * W. C. Fields, comedian and actor (former resident)
 * F. Scott Fitzgerald, author (former resident), lived in Great Neck in the 1920s, at 6 Gateway Drive in Great Neck Estates. He lived here in a modest house not dissimilar to that of Nick, the protagonist of his novel, The Great Gatsby. It is said that Fitzgerald modeled West Egg—the fictional town in which Nick lives—after his own Great Neck (specifically Kings Point) and the atmosphere and lifestyle there; and he modeled East Egg after Great Neck's eastern neighbor, Port Washington, or, more specifically, Sands Point. It is possible to see the actual green light referred to in the book, at Stepping Stone Park. The park is located at the top of the Great Neck Peninsula.
 * Whitey Ford, (1928–2020) New York Yankees pitcher (former resident)
 * Arnold and Jesse Friedman, subjects of award-winning 2003 documentary Capturing the Friedmans (former residents)
 * Julius Genachowski FCC chairman under Obama administration
 * Harry Gideonse (1901–1985), President of Brooklyn College, and Chancellor of the New School for Social Research
 * Jamie Gorelick, Clinton Administration official (former resident)
 * Morton Gould, concert pianist (former resident)
 * Joseph Peter Grace Sr., businessman (former resident)
 * Mark Green, former New York City Public Advocate and mayoral candidate (former resident and high school graduate)
 * Jim Gurfein (born 1961), tennis player
 * Betty Haas Pfister (1921–2011), aviator
 * Ilan Hall, chef and winner of reality television show Top Chef (former resident)
 * Oscar Hammerstein II, writer, producer and director of musicals (former resident)
 * Dick Heyward, former deputy Director of UNICEF (1914–2005) (former resident)
 * Jackie Hoffman, actress, singer and comedian
 * Leslie Howard (1893–1943), actor, director and producer
 * Christopher Howes, Yale professor in Cardiology and head of Greenwich Hospital Cardiology (grew up in Great Neck)
 * Emily Hughes, member of the U.S. figure skating team at the 2006 Winter Olympics
 * Sarah Hughes, gold medalist in figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics
 * Marion Hutton, singer/actor (former resident)
 * Eric Isaacs (born 1957), physicist, director of Argonne National Laboratory
 * David Kahn, historian, journalist, and writer on subjects of cryptography and military intelligence
 * Anna Kaplan, Town of North Hempstead Councilwoman (resident)
 * Michael Karlan, founder of the nation's largest networking and socializing group, Professionals in the City (former resident)
 * Andy Kaufman (1949–1984), comedian and actor (former resident)
 * Edward Keonjian (1909–1999), Armenian-American engineer and "father of microelectronics"
 * Alan King (1927–2004), comedian and actor (former resident)
 * Andrew Klavan (born 1954), author
 * Moogy Klingman (1950–2011), American musician and songwriter
 * Josh Kopelman, entrepreneur (former resident)
 * Dave Kufeld, first Orthodox Jew selected in the NBA draft
 * Christopher Lambert, actor (born in Great Neck)
 * Morris S. Levy, television and film producer (resident)
 * Jack Liebowitz co-founder of DC Comics; lived in the Saddle Rock neighborhood.
 * Ring Lardner, sports columnist and short story writer (former resident)
 * Brian Maller, visual artist (graduated from Great Neck South High School)
 * Edna Luby (1884–1928), entertainer, lived in Great Neck
 * Doug McIntyre, author, radio host, producer
 * The Marx Brothers, stars of vaudeville and movies (former residents)
 * Mimi Michaels, actress
 * Minae Mizumura, novelist, essayist, critic, based in Tokyo (former resident)
 * Bobby Muller, Vietnam War veteran and anti-war activist (grew up in Great Neck)
 * Louise Nevelson, abstract sculptor (former resident)
 * Paul Newman, actor (former resident)
 * Ted Nierenberg (1923–2009), founder of Dansk International Designs, created in the garage of his Great Neck home.
 * Roy Niederhoffer (born 1966), founder and President of R. G. Niederhoffer Capital Investments, philanthropist, Chairman of the New York City Opera
 * Eugene O'Neill, playwright (former resident)
 * Charlotte Blair Parker, playwright; writing under pen name Lottie Blair Parker, remembered most for three plays produced between 1897 and 1906: Way Down East, Under Southern Skies and The Redemption of David Corson
 * Mazi Melesa Pilip, Ethiopian-born American politician
 * Larry Poons, abstract painter (graduated from Great Neck High School [North])
 * Neil Portnow, President of the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (former resident)
 * Dan Raviv, author and CBS TV and radio correspondent who hosts the CBS News Weekend Roundup (former resident)
 * Daniella Rabbani, Yiddish theatre actress
 * Anne Ramsey (1929–1988), actress, known for such films as The Goonies (1985) and Throw Momma from the Train (1987), and was an Academy Award nominee, Golden Globe Award nominee, and a two-time Saturn Award winner
 * Peter Rennert (born 1958), tennis player
 * Jimmy Roberts, composer for musical theater as well as a pianist and entertainer (graduate of Great Neck North High School)
 * Bobby Rosengarden (1924–2007), jazz drummer and bandleader (former resident)
 * Jordan Rudess, keyboard player for the band Dream Theater (grew up in Great Neck)
 * Tamir Sapir, Georgian-born billionaire
 * Roxanne Seeman, songwriter and lyricist (graduate of Great Neck North High School)
 * Fred Schwartz, furrier, philanthropist and television pitchman 12 acre estate on Pond Road
 * George Segal (1934–2021), Academy Award-nominated, Primetime Emmy Award-nominated, and Golden Globe Award-winning actor
 * David Seidler, screenwriter of "The King's Speech," 2011 Oscar winner; Great Neck H.S. graduate, 1955
 * Burt Shavitz, co-founder of Burt's Bees
 * Sarah Sherman, comedian and featured player on Saturday Night Live
 * Talia Shire, actress, known for The Godfather and Rocky films, and a two-time Academy Award nominee (born in Lake Success)
 * Jared Siegel (Jared Evan), singer, songwriter, and producer
 * Elie Siegmeister, composer (resident)
 * Laurie Simmons, artist, photographer and filmmaker
 * Harry F. Sinclair, oil industrialist (former resident)
 * Helen Slater (born 1963), actress
 * Alfred P. Sloan, president of General Motors (former resident)
 * Tim Sommer, musician in Hugo Largo and record executive and producer
 * Seth Swirsky, songwriter and author
 * Jon Taffer, host and co-executive producer of Spike TV reality series Bar Rescue
 * Norma Talmadge, actress (former resident)
 * Richard Tucker, operatic tenor (former resident)
 * Louis Uchitelle, journalist with The New York Times (former resident)
 * Sim Van der Ryn, architect, researcher and educator, who has applied principles of physical and social ecology to architecture and environmental design.
 * William Kissam Vanderbilt II, railroad executive and yachtsman (former resident)
 * Robert Varkonyi, World Series of Poker champion (resident)
 * Sam Warner (1887–1927), one of four brothers who were co-founders of Warner Bros.
 * Mordecai Waxman (1917–2002), prominent rabbi in the Conservative movement and of Temple Israel of Great Neck.
 * Max Weber (1881–1961), one of the first American Cubist painters
 * Michael H. Weber (born 1978), screenwriter
 * Mort Weisinger, editor (Batman, Superman, Thrilling Wonder Stories)
 * Charlie Williams, traded by the New York Mets along with cash for Willie Mays; did not make the Great Neck South Senior baseball team as a senior
 * P. G. Wodehouse (1881–1975), English comic writer (former resident).
 * Bruce Wolosoff (born 1955), composer, pianist and educator (former resident)
 * Herman Wouk (1915–2019), author (former resident)
 * Harris Wulfson (1974–2008), composer, instrumentalist and software engineer (graduated from Great Neck South High School)
 * Chic Young (1901–1973), cartoonist (created Blondie in his Great Neck studio in summer of 1930)
 * Michael Zimmerman (born 1970), American tennis player

title: Great Neck, New York


text:
Great Neck Estates, New York

Great Neck Estates is a village on the Great Neck Peninsula in the Town of North Hempstead, in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 2,990 at the 2020 census.

History
Great Neck Estates incorporated in 1911, making it the second village to incorporate on the Great Neck Peninsula. Residents felt that the incorporation was imperative in order to maintain home rule. They also felt that by incorporating, they would be able to have services which they otherwise would not be able to have through the Town of North Hempstead.

A plaque was installed at Village Hall in 1981 to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of Great Neck Estates' incorporation as a village.

In 1982, Great Neck Estates became the first village on Long Island to call for a nuclear freeze between the United States and the former Soviet Union after trustees approved of a petition started by three concerned residents on the Great Neck Peninsula. Copies of their document were delivered to the leaders of both nations as peace efforts.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.8 sqmi, of which 0.8 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi, or 4.94%, is water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 2,756 people, 919 households, and 767 families in the village. The population density was 3,581.3 PD/sqmi. There were 944 housing units at an average density of 1,226.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 92.71% White, 0.94% African American, 4.83% Asian, 0.33% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.61%.

Of the 919 households 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.0% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.5% were non-families. 14.6% of households were one person and 9.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.31.

The age distribution was 26.9% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

The median household income was $142,038 and the median family income was $161,545. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $55,938 for females. The per capita income for the village was $72,476. About 1.6% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Village government
As of September 2021, the Mayor of Great Neck Estates is William D. Warner, the Deputy Mayor is Jeffrey Farkas, and the Village Trustees are Ira D. Ganzfried, Howard Hershenhorn, and Lanny Oppenheim.

Town representation
Great Neck Estates is located in the Town of North Hempstead's 5th district, which as of September 2021 is represented on the Town Board by Lee R. Seeman (D–Great Neck).

Nassau County representation
Great Neck Estates is located in Nassau County's 10th Legislative district, which as of January 2023 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by Mazi Melesa Pilip (R–Great Neck).

New York State Assembly
Great Neck Estates is located in the New York State Assembly's 16th Assembly district, which as of September 2021 is represented by Gina Sillitti (D–Manorhaven).

New York State Senate
Great Neck Estates is located in the New York State Senate's 7th State Senate district, which as of September 2021 is represented in the New York State Senate by Anna Kaplan (D–North Hills).

United States Congress
Great Neck Estates is located in New York's 3rd congressional district, which as of September 2021 is represented in the United States Congress by Tom Suozzi (D–Glen Cove).

United States Senate
Like the rest of New York, Great Neck Estates is represented in the United States Senate by Charles Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).

Politics
In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the majority of Great Neck Estates voters voted for Hillary Clinton (D).

Mayors of Great Neck Estates

 * William D. Warner
 * David Fox
 * Murray Seeman
 * Lawrence Nadal
 * Jean Margouleff

School district
Great Neck Estates is located entirely within the boundaries of the Great Neck Union Free School District. As such, all children who reside within the village and attend public schools go to Great Neck's schools.

Library district
Great Neck Estates is located within the boundaries of the Great Neck Library District.

Landmark

 * Ben Rebhuhn House – A home designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

The Great Gatsby
In the 1920s, F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in Great Neck, at 6 Gateway Drive in Great Neck Estates, which is probably Great Neck's greatest claim to fame. It was a modest house, not dissimilar to that of Nick Carraway, the protagonist of his novel, The Great Gatsby. It is said that Fitzgerald modeled West Egg, the fictional town in which Nick lived, next to the mansion of Jay Gatsby, after Great Neck (specifically Kings Point), for its epitome of nouveau riche gaudiness, atmosphere, and lifestyle. He modeled East Egg, the town where Daisy and Tom lived, after Great Neck's eastern neighbor Sands Point, which is part of Port Washington.

title: Great Neck Estates, New York


text:
Great Neck Gardens, New York

Great Neck Gardens (also known as Allenwood) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located on the Great Neck Peninsula in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 1,186 at the 2010 census. As an unincorporated hamlet, it is governed by the Town of North Hempstead.

The hamlet's name is rarely used in part because of how the area was never incorporated.

History
The Great Neck Gardens CDP was first created for the 2000 United States Census.

Like the rest of the Great Neck Peninsula, this area was historically known as Madnan's Neck.

The Allen family was one of the first European families to settle in the Great Neck area. They owned large portions of property (including farms) now located within modern-day Great Neck Gardens.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.2 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,089 people, 376 households, and 327 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,467.8 PD/sqmi. There were 381 housing units at an average density of 2,262.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.35% White, 0.83% African American, 7.44% Asian, 0.73% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.30% of the population.

There were 376 households, out of which 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 79.5% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.0% were non-families. 12.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $124,175, and the median income for a family was $142,915. Males had a median income of $94,401 versus $56,071 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $49,317. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.

Town representation
As Great Neck Gardens is an unincorporated hamlet, it has no government of its own, and is instead governed directly by the Town of North Hempstead's government in Manhasset.

As of June 2021, Great Neck Gardens is represented on the Town Board by Veronica Lurvey, and is located in its 4th Council District.

Nassau County representation
Great Neck Gardens is located in Nassau County's 10th Legislative district, which as of January 2023 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by Mazi Melesa Pilip (R–Great Neck).

New York State Assembly
Great Neck Gardens is located in the New York State Assembly's 16th Assembly district, which as of September 2021 is represented by Gina Sillitti (D–Manorhaven).

New York State Senate
Great Neck Gardens is located in the New York State Senate's 7th State Senate district, which as of September 2021 is represented in the New York State Senate by Anna Kaplan (D–North Hills).

United States Congress
Great Neck Gardens is located in New York's 3rd congressional district, which as of September 2021 is represented in the United States Congress by Tom Suozzi (D–Glen Cove).

United States Senate
Like the rest of New York, Great Neck Gardens is represented in the United States Senate by Charles Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).

Politics
In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the majority of Great Neck Gardens voters voted for Hillary Clinton (D).

Parks & recreation

 * Allenwood Park – A major park located in the southern part of the hamlet operated by the Great Neck Park District, which Great Neck gardens is located within.

title: Great Neck Gardens, New York


text:
Great Neck Plaza, New York

Great Neck Plaza is a village on the Great Neck Peninsula in the Town of North Hempstead, in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 7,482 at the time of the 2020 census.

History
The Village of Great Neck Plaza was incorporated on May 3, 1930.

In 1866, the New York and Flushing Railroad extended their main line into Great Neck through a subsidiary called the North Shore Railroad, thus transforming it from a farming community into a commuter town. The NY&F was consolidated into the Flushing and North Side Railroad in 1869, only to be merged into the Flushing, North Shore, and Central Railroad in 1874 and leased in 1876 by the LIRR. Throughout much of the late 19th century, Great Neck was the terminus of what is today the Port Washington Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. The village was incorporated in 1930, even as the station that led to its existence was being reconstructed. In addition to the railroad station, Great Neck Plaza contains other historic structures, such as the local post office and the Grace and Thomaston Buildings.

Great Neck Plaza encompasses a busy commercial district, two parks, as well as a residential section with many multiple dwellings and private homes. Although geographically the Village measures only one-third of a square mile, it boasts a vibrant downtown including the Great Neck LIRR station, over 250 retail stores and service establishments, almost 90 multiple-family apartment buildings, 148 single family homes, approximately 40 office buildings, two four-star hotels, a nursing home, a senior independent living facility, and one assisted-care living facility.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.3 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,707 people, 3,603 households, and 1,581 families residing in the village. The population density was 20,853.4 PD/sqmi. There were 3,925 housing units at an average density of 12,723.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the village was 77.6% White, 1.5% African American, 0.05% Native American, 11.6% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.29% of the population.

There were 3,603 households, out of which 12.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.2% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 56.1% were non-families. 51.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.74 and the average family size was 2.54.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 11.6% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 30.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $54,591, and the median income for a family was $70,781. Males had a median income of $51,863 versus $46,703 for females. The per capita income for the village was $42,914. About 4.1% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

Village government
As of September 2021, the Mayor of Great Neck Plaza is Ted Rosen, the Deputy Mayors are Pamela Marksheid and Gerald Schneiderman, and the Village Trustees are Michael DeLuccia and Lawrence Katz.

Town representation
Great Neck Plaza is located in the Town of North Hempstead's 5th district, which as of September 2021 is represented on the Town Board by Lee R. Seeman (D–Great Neck).

Nassau County representation
Great Neck Plaza is located in Nassau County's 10th Legislative district, which as of January 2023 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by Mazi Melesa Pilip (R–Great Neck).

New York State Assembly
Great Neck Plaza is located in the New York State Assembly's 16th Assembly district, which as of September 2021 is represented by Gina Sillitti (D–Manorhaven).

New York State Senate
Great Neck Plaza is located in the New York State Senate's 7th State Senate district, which as of September 2021 is represented in the New York State Senate by Anna Kaplan (D–North Hills).

United States Congress
Great Neck Plaza is located in New York's 3rd congressional district, which as of February 2024 is represented in the United States Congress by Tom Suozzi (D–Glen Cove).

United States Senate
Like the rest of New York, Great Neck Plaza is represented in the United States Senate by Charles Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).

Politics
In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the majority of Great Neck Plaza voters voted for Hillary Clinton (D).

School district
Great Neck Plaza is located entirely within the boundaries of the Great Neck Union Free School District. As such, all children who reside within the village and attend public schools go to Great Neck's schools.

Library district
Great Neck Plaza is located within the boundaries of the Great Neck Library District (which is served by the Great Neck Public Library).

Emergency services
Great Neck Plaza is protected by the Nassau County Police Department's Sixth Precinct (located in Manhasset), and fire protection is provided by two volunteer departments: Vigilant Hook & Ladder for locations north of the LIRR tracks and Manhasset–Lakeville Fire Department for locations south of the LIRR tracks.

title: Great Neck Plaza, New York


text:
Greenvale, New York

Greenvale (historically known as Bull's Head, Cedar Swamp, and North Roslyn) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. It is considered part of the Greater Roslyn area, which is anchored by the Incorporated Village of Roslyn. The population was 1,069 at the time of the 2020 census.

History
Located between Roslyn and Brookville, the Greenvale station is known as the Long Island Rail Road stop for the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University and the New York Institute of Technology. While LIU Post is located to the east in Brookville, it uses the Greenvale, NY 11548 ZIP Code and the Greenvale Post Office.

Until 1866, the community was known as "Cedar Swamp", and later known as "Bull's Head", until some point in the early 20th century; it has also been known historically as "North Roslyn".

While many residential areas in the hamlet were developed prior to the Second World War, the 1940s and 1950s saw the development of the area adjacent to the Roslyn Cemetery and the Long Island Rail Road tracks (including Park Avenue and Wellington Road).

A major shopping center, Wheatley Plaza, opened in Greenvale in 1980, on the former site of Wheatley Gardens – a nursery. Developed by Castagna Realty – the owners of the Americana Manhasset – and first proposed in 1977, the center's construction required a change in land use from residential to business & parking.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 sqmi, all land.

Greenvale is located mainly within the Town of North Hempstead, while a small portion is located in the Town of Oyster Bay.

Drainage
According to the United States Geological Survey and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Greenvale is located within the Hempstead Harbor Watershed, which itself is located within the larger Long Island Sound/Atlantic Ocean Watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,231 people, 362 households, and 254 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 8,674.4 PD/sqmi. There were 372 housing units at an average density of 1,446.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 66.11% White, 12.73% African American, 0.36% Native American, 10.49% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 7.08% from other races, and 3.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.09% of the population.

There were 362 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 10.0% under the age of 18, 55.4% from 18 to 24, 16.8% from 25 to 44, 11.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $59,500, and the median income for a family was $80,292. Males had a median income of $52,639 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,009. About 4.3% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over.

Town representation
As Greenvale is an unincorporated area within the towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay, it is directly governed by the two towns; the parts of the hamlet within the Town of North Hempstead are governed directly by the Town of North Hempstead's government in Manhasset, while the parts of the hamlet in the Town of Oyster Bay are governed directly by the Town of Oyster Bay's government in Oyster Bay.

The parts of Greenvale in the Town of North Hempstead are located in its 2nd council district, which as of April 2024 is represented on the North Hempstead Town Council by Edward Scott (R–Albertson).

Nassau County representation
Greenvale is located in Nassau County's 18th Legislative district, which as of April 2024 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by Samantha Goetz (R–Oyster Bay).

New York State Assembly
Greenvale is split between the New York State Assembly's 13th and 15th State Assembly districts, which as of April 2024 are represented by Charles D. Lavine (D–Glen Cove) and Jacob Ryan Blumencranz (R–Oyster Bay), respectively.

New York State Senate
Greenvale is located within the New York State Senate's 7th State Senate district, which as of April 2024 is represented in the New York State Senate by Jack M. Martins (R–Old Westbury).

United States Congress
Flower Hill is located entirely within New York's 3rd Congressional district, which as of April 2024 is represented in the United States Congress by Thomas R. Suozzi (D–Glen Cove).

United States Senate
Like the rest of New York, Greenvale is represented in the United States Senate by Charles Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).

School districts
Greenvale is split between the Roslyn Union Free School District and North Shore Central School District. Students who reside in Greenvale and attend public school will attend one of these two districts depending on where they live within the hamlet.

Most of the hamlet is within the Roslyn School District; the school district boundary between the Roslyn UFSD and the North Shore CSD within Greenvale corresponds with the North Hempstead–Oyster Bay town line.

Nassau BOCES facility
The Nassau Board of Cooperative Education Services (BOCES)' Iris Wolfson High School is located within the hamlet, in the Roslyn Union Free School District's former North Roslyn School.

Library districts
Greenvale is served by Roslyn's library district and by the Gold Coast Library District. The boundaries of the library districts correspond with the school district boundaries; Roslyn's library district (served by the Bryant Library in Roslyn) serves the parts of Greenvale in the Roslyn Union Free School District and the Gold Coast Library District (served by the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head) serves the parts of Greenvale in the North Shore Central School District.

Transportation
One state-owned road travels through (and directly serves) Greenvale: Northern Boulevard (New York State Route 25A).

Other major roads which are located within the hamlet include Glen Cove Road (CR 1) and Town Path.

Rail
The Greenvale station on the Long Island Rail Road's Oyster Bay Branch is partially located within the hamlet; the station is located directly on the Greenvale–Roslyn Harbor border.

Bus
Greenvale is served by the n20H and n27 bus routes, which are operated by Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE). The n20H travels west-east along Northern Boulevard, while the n27 travels north-south along Glen Cove Road.

Natural gas
National Grid provides natural gas to homes and businesses that are hooked up to natural gas lines in Greenvale.

Power
PSEG Long Island provides power to all homes and businesses within Greenvale.

Sewage
Greenvale is not connected to a sanitary sewer system. As such, all homes and businesses in Greenvale rely on cesspools and septic systems.

Trash collection
Trash collection services in Greenvale are provided by Meadow Carting, under contract to the Roslyn Garbage District. The hamlet, in its entirety, is located within the boundaries of (and is thus served by) the Roslyn Garbage District.

Water
Greenvale is located within the boundaries of (and is thus served by) the Jericho Water District and the Roslyn Water District. The Jericho Water District serves the portions of the hamlet in the Town of Oyster Bay, while the Roslyn Water District serves the portions of the hamlet in the Town of North Hempstead.

Landmarks
Greenvale is the site of the historic Roslyn East Gate Toll House, a former toll house for the former North Hempstead Turnpike, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 16, 1977.

As aforementioned, the historic Roslyn Cemetery is also located within the hamlet, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as well.

Notable person

 * Michael Grunwald – Writer and journalist; raised in Greenvale.

title: Greenvale, New York