text:
Talk:Miracleman (character)

Fawcett not filing suit?
I presume Marvelman's existence continued (despite the blatant plagiarism of Captain Marvel) because Fawcett couldn't afford to sue a British comic book producer; after all, they had been forced to cancel their main cash cow (Captain Marvel) in the 1950s after DC sued them. Can anyone confirm this? If so, then it can be entered into the Wikipedia entry for Marvelman. Modemac

Forgot to mention that point. AFAIK, Miller was completely above-board and did his reprints with Fawcett's permission. His supply of Captain Marvel dried up because Fawcett had been forced to stop publishing it. Why DC didn't sue Miller, I don't know, but the Captain Marvel/Superman comparison for the original suit seems a bit iffy to me anyway, and a derivative hero of Captain Marvel would be even iffier. Someone was distributing UK B&W reprints of Superman around then, it might even have been Miller. If so, why sue someone who's paying you royalties? US corporate lawyers may think differently, of course... (and thanks for that afternote, too. That there's a chance, that someday Gaiman might finish it, is good news) -- Malcolm Farmer
 * The position was somewhat simpler - US copyright law didn't apply in the UK. Miller's problem was a drying up of material (though repeating earlier stuff was an option - interesting as to why he didn't take that option). Archiveangel (talk) 11:20, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

Name of article
I have moved this article from Marvelman to Miracleman in order to conform with Wikipedia's most common name policy. —Lowellian (talk) 22:39, Dec 31, 2004 (UTC)

I have to be honest... I'm a little offended. This character originated in the UK and so should be titled under its original name. Zestos 01:08, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd agree - it was only changed because of legal wranglings and the character was Marvelman for an awful long time, with the switch only really happening for the last handful of issues and the reprints. (Emperor (talk) 14:11, 25 August 2008 (UTC))

And, for what it's worth, I agree too. The correct name was Marvelman. He only got renamed for the American market, for the last few years of his publication. Why should that have precedence over a name he held for more than 30 years? "Most common name"? Only if you mean that thanks to relative population sizes there are more Americans who call him that than Brits who call him by his correct, original name. By that argument, if we could prove that George W. Bush was referred to by his nickname "Dubya" more often than by his real name, would we be allowed to rename his entry? The character is British, and called Marvelman - renaming his article to go under his Americanized name is arrogant American ethnocentricity. 86.164.85.97 (talk) 13:51, 18 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Wow, way to assume good faith there buddy. Looks like there's plenty of arrogance to go around, no matter what country someone's from76.226.103.166 (talk) 23:25, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

sources needed!
If we're going to have this much detail about the ownership dispute (I think it could be condensed a little, but it is pretty infamous in the comics world), we really need some references for this article. This book would probably be a good place to start, but I don't have a copy. ←Hob 19:35, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've tagged this article for cleanup, partially for the reasons you state, Hob, but also because User:Logan1138's (fine) contribution needs copyediting and reorganizing. I hope to return to this article soon. -leigh (φθόγγος) 22:33, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

I've added some links to provide references (i also found out Gaiman was asked to write a new version of Secret Wars?! ) which should help provide sources. Logan1138 12:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

"The Man Of Miracles"
Could anyone expand further as to what exactly McFarlane is doing with this in Spawn?Logan1138 17:05, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Clarification needed
Some aspects of the article need some fine-tuning. For one thing, it says that when Leach left the strip and was replaced by Alan Davis, Leach's third ownership transferred to Davis. Why is this? Since when does ownership of a property transfer to the person who happens to be working on it? Is this a British thing, or something? Also, Dez Skinn's name is introduced into the article without any mention of who he is or what his relationship is to the character. Even some brief mention or description of him and his place in the situation would be apt.

The rights were transferred to Davis because thats what happened. There was no specific reason other than that. Skinn has his own entry which goes in detail, as does Warrior, but a small description will be added.Logan1138 14:21, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

The transferral of rights in this way was not a standard practice by any means; however, it was an arrangement that the various creators working on the title came to between themselves. See also Moore's voluntary transferral of his third to be jointly held between Neil Gaiman and Mark Buckingham. Actually, on that note, I'm not sure if the article actually mentions that Buckingham actually holds half of Moore's original share - the implication seems to be that Gaiman holds 33.3%, when in fact he only holds 16.7%, the same as Buckingham (however, since they are both generally held to be "singing from the same hymn sheet" with regards to MM, this share is considered to be a jointly-held third rather than two separate sixths).

what tesseract? (gratuitous link)
''The Miracleman project consisted of giving someone a second body; when a telepathic signal was given the two bodies switched place in space and the mind was transferred as well. (This is akin to a tesseract but it's unknown if Alan Moore was aware of the concept at the time.)''

No, it's not. There's no relation whatsoever. Yes, having one single, 4-dimensional body, could produce a similar effect, but the comic makes it abundantly clear that's not the case; and even if it was, the body would not be a tesseract, as it's not cubic.

So this comparison is entirely gratuitous, "let's sound cool and smart a bit", complete with an entirely gratuitous link to the tesseract article. Please let's remove it.--LaloMartins 01:06, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Agreed. There seems to be a lot of this going around lately, with pointless asides being plugged into articles. I vote to remove it, as the comic book clearly explains that it is two seperate 3D constructs swapping places like the Captain Marvels of DC or Marvel. The tesseract comment is pointless and incorrect. 140.185.215.122 19:35, 14 March 2007 (UTC)Steve

Failed Good Article Status
I removed this article from the good nominations page because it is not sufficiently referenced. joturner 16:44, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Wow; I just realized I was the one who nominated this article for good article status. So, I suppose this is just a retraction of that nomination; I didn't realize how insufficiently referenced this was. joturner 16:45, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually I was the one who nominated it. I'll see what I can do about the references. Iron Ghost 14:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

I can pop some up over the next week or so. The article needs some polishing anyhow.Logan1138 18:03, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

More plot details?
Would it maybe be a good idea to have a seperate article going into more depth as to the plot of the actual comics, especially as they're out of print? While it's understandable given the book's ligititious legiti troubled history, it does sadly follow the trend of most MM sources in that it barely mentions why anyone would want the rights in the first place... Just a thought :)

As an aside, the comment "by the few who possess a copy of the book" in reference to MM #15 sounds a little... dramatic. While it's hardly common and does fetch a pretty large amount of money, it wasn't, IIRC, avaliable in notably smaller quantities than the rest of the Olympus issues, it's just considered a key issue... Personally, I find the rule of thumb that you can hammer "Miracleman #15" into ebay 95% of the time and find a copy for sale as a good indicator that it's not ludicrously rare. Beyond that, it just seems like a pointless little phrase - why would those who haven't read it acclaim Totleben's artwork anyway, whether 5 or 5 million copies were knocking about? ;)

Tom Prankerd 23:17, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If you want to add more plot details feel free (although bare in mind its only supposed to be a summary). Pesonally I think its best to keep everything in the one article rather than have a seperate plot page. I agree with you about that MM #15 sentence.

Iron Ghost 03:01, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Cheers, I'll have a look at that... it's probably more a case of balancing, as the Warrior sumarisation goes into a fair bit of depth, and the "Eclipse" one, well, doesn't, despite more happening in the latter =)

Tom Prankerd 11:06, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Man of miracles.gif
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BetacommandBot (talk) 16:47, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Miraclemanr23.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Warriorsummerspecial.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 03:18, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Kimota
As I remember it, Michael Moran doesn't remember his powerword, he actually reads the word atomic which is reversed by being on the other side of a glass door.

And can we actually have something about MarvelMan, not just a discussion about the courtcase surrounding the magazine, the authors, the legal ownership - characterisation [His Paul Newman look], his enemies, his powers, etc

193.243.227.1 (talk) 14:55, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed. For one thing I read the powers & abilities section in the page and fine 'Concusive Energy Blasts'. Citation needed for that one please.--Nickpheas (talk) 12:30, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, there's a panel where Evil Kid Marvelman has a secretary in his grasp and is firing beams out of his eyes, in true heat vision style, and it looks like her face is being burned off.

 * Maybe that's what they mean ??
 * 213.206.7.50 (talk) 12:34, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

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BetacommandBot (talk) 14:47, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Rights timeline
As written, the character-rights ownership seems to be missing some details. Here's how I understand it from reading the article (assuming Dez Skinn really had the rights in the first place):

 * 1) At the outset, Skinn has 30%, Moore 30%, Leach 30%, and Quality 10%.
 * 2) Davis comes aboard. The article says "Moore, Skinn and Leach transferred part of their ownership of the character to Davis — with Skinn claiming 10% and Moore, Davis and Leach, 30% each". But this is contradictory; if those were the final percentages, the only way that would have happened was if Skinn gave 20% of his share to Davis, Quality gave all of theirs, and Moore and Leach did nothing. Is this in fact what happened?
 * 3) The article then says "In 1985 Eclipse Comics bought the rights from Skinn". But Skinn only owned 10% at that time, right? So now we're at 30% for Moore, Davis, and Leach, and 10% for Eclipse.
 * 4) "Davis... gave his rights to Leach". So now it's 60% Leach, 30% Moore, 10% Eclipse.
 * 5) "Moore gave his 30% share to... Neil Gaiman... [who] divided them between himself and artist Mark Buckingham". So 60% Leach, 15% Gaiman, 15% Buckingham, and 10% Eclipse.
 * 6) Eclipse goes bankrupt, and McFarlane gets their properties.

So according to this, even granting McFarlane's claims, he only owns 10% of Marvelman/Miracleman, Gaiman owns 15%, and Gary Leach has 60%. Somehow I doubt this is the case. Can somebody more familiar with this clear up the article?— Chowbok  ☠  01:30, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Just to be tidy - it's much more complex, and much easier that that. It seems Anglo owned the rights all the time, through Gower Studios he owned his stuff, rather than the 'work for hire' argument currently being implemented in the Kirby/Marvel argument Archiveangel (talk) 11:30, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 17:07, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 16:30, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

Gratuitous and Grammatically Atrocious
"...an unknown anime-inspired hero, a younger Moran with platinum-light blonde hair as Kaworu Nagisa and an unbuttoned blue jacket." Not even sure that qualifies as a partial sentence, but it makes no sense even with the inclusion of the rest of the sentence. Additionally, there is no point in referencing Neon Genesis Evangelion and the young boy (Nagisa) so arbitrarily.

I have edited.214.3.138.234 (talk) 18:15, 14 September 2009 (UTC)Steve

Tone and Cleanup tags?
Why the tone and cleanup tags? Just read through and - though quite detailed in places - there's no glaring problem. --Air (talk) 19:02, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Just a few examples ...

 * There's very few citations and refs for a subject that has literally hundreds of them
 * everything's 'in-universe' - the character biography is mixed in with the publication history (and it jumps about and in places is contradictory)
 * very skewed towards the Moore/Gaiman years - bearing in mind the Anglo years were among the biggest selling comics of the day, Marvelman was (and still is) the longest running British superhero, and there were over 740 issues and heaven alone knows how many stories (over 2000?)
 * considerable number of unsupported statements (not exactly OR, but not backed up with reliable evidence)
 * much use of words such as 'notorious' 'highly disturbing' 'unsettling' etc
 * some glaring inaccuracies: # Warrior's legal troubles led to the character being licensed to an American publisher - no (Eclipse) # Issues 1-6 reprinted all the Warrior content - no. Later on this is correctly contradicted, though not fully  # Issue 25 was completed (apart from colouring) but due to the collapse of Eclipse it has never seen light. - followed 2 sentences later by A few pages of issue #25 can be read at various sites online, and in George Khoury's book Kimota! The Miracleman Companion.  #lots of minor inaccuracies - even the publication details in the box miss L. Miller and Son.
 * as much time is spent on the legal/ownership wranglings as on the rest, which while 'important' skews the balance again
 * strange wording in places - #23 and #24 saw the resurrection of Young Miracleman and would describe the beginnings of trouble in Miracleman's idyllic world - would describe? they did.
 * analysis of storylines, characterisations and concepts mixed into the history
 * the end of the Anglo years - is there any citation for the availability of U.S. comics causing the demise? With under a year between this availability and Marvelman going reprint, I'd like to be sure this isn't OR.
 * lots of departures from the style guidance.

Overall, I get the impression that this could do with a complete makeover, perhaps with the legal issues at least as a separate linked page, and definitely with a clearly defined publication history, fictional character biography and an extended section on the Anglo years. It's clearly an important milestone on several levels, which I'm not sure is reflected here.

Apologies if this rubs anyone up the wrong way, just answering the question. Cheers! Archiveangel (talk) 21:42, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

 * What AA said - the article is a real mess (failing on all sorts of fronts), especially considering how important the character is and how useful this article could be in explaining complex publication and ownership issues. The upcoming rewrite should help it live up to its potential (no pressure AA). (Emperor (talk) 00:49, 2 April 2010 (UTC))
 * I guess that's that then - inevitable I'd talk myself into a corner :-) still the stuff's still around from the Anglo work. Any ideas on whether to hive off the last 25 years of legal issues into a sub-page? Archiveangel (talk) 08:22, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

REVISION NOTICE - APRIL 2010
This article is currently undergoing a major revision to address the issues raised above and include a 'publication history' section, a 'fictional character biography' section and a fuller bibliography. Unless there are major objections, the legal wranglings and ownership issues will form a new linked article, following the example of the National_Comics_Publications_v._Fawcett_Publications article. Rationale being that it is one of the, if not the, most complicated copyright/trademark/ownership stories in the history of comics.

Any comments, views and suggestions always welcome, here or on my talk page. Thanks Archiveangel (talk) 08:57, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes that seems sensible as the page is 40kb already and I assume you are going to be expanding and clarifying all sorts of areas so a split would soon seem a good idea and that seems the best place for it. The key will be keeping both articles focused so you aren't replicating too much information (if only so that when others come to drop in something they know where it goes and there isn't "mission creep" so the two articles start looking awfully similar, as someone will then come along and suggest a merge and... we'll just keep going round in circles. (Emperor (talk) 00:38, 4 April 2010 (UTC))
 * As you say, it should give the space back needed for other things. (repeated here for others - I'll be putting up a temp version on my area for a few days first, and notifying, so it can be checked for direction etc and improvement before publishing. CheersArchiveangel (talk) 08:29, 4 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Great news, thanks for the detailed answer above. That's a pretty good draft of a To Do list : ) Inevitably if you know what needs fixed, the burden's on you to fix it ; ) But happy to help where I can. --Air (talk) 15:39, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

I had hoped to have a draft ready for a quick review session this weekend before progressing, but for the second time this week I've lost my work - havent a clue why, both times I've dropped into show preview and it's gone into a copy of the original, unchanged, version with no return to the edit I'm doing. Unfortunately this time it's been a 6 hour session without a save (yeah, I know, sigh). This is the first time I've used the advanced edit screen option, and the first time I've hit this kind of trouble, could be coincidence. Whatever, I'm not feeling too happy right now. Later Archiveangel (talk) 01:05, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

I now have a sneaky feeling that my problem is the result of having multiple tabs open and somehow being logged in on one tab and out on another. Whatever, staying up all night (with the dog and a nice Chardonnay for company) has meant I've managed to redo just about everything so far. I'll get whatever else I can done and hopefully post a 'for comment' version by Tuesday morning. Cheers! Archiveangel (talk) 05:34, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

While I think of it - the new version is around 35k. Removing the legal stuff to a seperate (later - but only a week or so, promise) article has hopefully given room to expand eveything else comfortably for the moment. However, if and when new material from Marvel starts to appear, I assume that we'll need to be looking at splitting again which could be an interesting discussion. Archiveangel (talk) 05:49, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Images for revision
Thinking about the images for the revision, would it be best-dressed with?
 * an Anglo-era image in the text box,
 * a Warrior cover in that section (#7 or #16 - #7 is the best known, so perhaps #16 - I'd reserve the Marvelman Special cover for the legal page)
 * one of the two Eclipse covers (my preference is for the Windsor-Smith #23)
 * and perhaps the wonderful I'm back image Marvel and everyone else has been using for the new Marvel bit

I've no idea of the why's and wherefore's of this - but if nobody else tackles it, I will - could just do with advice on how to proceed: legal use/how to etc. although I guess I can fathom out how to for myself. Cheers! Archiveangel (talk) 12:19, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

Rewrite advice
I could do with some advice.

The re-write of Marvelman is proving to be something of a beast. I've been essentially swamped with material, and while the original article, which was missing many key elements (see the talk page for a rough list) ran to 40k, currently the rewrite is now pushing 50k even though I've hived off the complex legal issues to a separate linked page (as per the National_Comics_Publications_v._Fawcett_Publications legal wrangling - the Marvelman issues are probably the most complex and far-reaching comics legal case since). The new version comprehensively covers Publication history - Fictional character history - Unpublished material - Other versions - Awards - Bibliography and creator, style, philosophy quotes as can be strongly cited (there's some 80+ footnotes/citations). My suspicion is that by end it'll be touching 60k. After 3 re-shapings and savage textual cuts, I can't see how to cut it further without removing key stuff, which will mean remodelling. Bearing in mind the characters historical 'keyness': Graphics are a problem - there's 4 at the moment which are tilted towards Eclipse publications. Bearing in mind the four distinct publication phases, I'd suggest that the box image should be a classic Anglo period one, with one of the Eclipse images replaced by a second-phase Warrior one, and either dropping the fourth (anthology reprint) one or replacing it with the 'I'm back' one used for the Marvel revival announcement. Suggestions?
 * is 60+k acceptable? Or should I be looking at hiving off such as the bibliography (although that's not particularly long)
 * is there some other way of slicing it (I can't find any precedents)
 * or is it just about being brutal?

I had hoped to put a copy up on my area by now, but it's taking longer than I thought. If it would help, the working version can be slapped up tonight and I'll give the link here (it's pretty solid in most areas but has notes and unpolished bits in some sections). I'm not deadlining this, it'll get finished when it's finished (and I'm having fun doing it), but I'd prefer to publish in a good condition, rather than rough it all out later and cause others' work. Views from the void muchly welcome, the sooner the better Archiveangel (talk) 14:30, 16 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Best plan is to post on your userspace for comments. Cheers and well done for spending the time : ) --Air (talk) 14:48, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

What about Flip and Flop?
Does anyone recall the Flip and Flop cartoons that rounded out the original comics? Something about these would be nice, even if it's only a couple of lines. I remember them fondly; but I was just a kid at the time, and now I can't even remember who wrote them. Paul Magnussen (talk) 22:06, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

Controversial graphic birth scene citation
I remember an Eclipse editor named Catharine Yronwode （I think） discussing the controversial graphic birth scene in some detail. If anyone can find her account of the controversy online it would be a good citation. I would google it but I can't as I'm in China ：（ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pignut (talk • contribs) 08:59, 5 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Probably this? . Links to this interesting contemporary response: . Clconway (talk) 01:58, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

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Mismatched biography
The "Fictional character biography" section is currently only a synopsis of the Alan Moore years. The earlier (Mick Anglo) and later (Neil Gaiman) biographies are not represented there, and it's confusing how it starts. The Neil Gaiman biography appears under the History section, but it's out of place there because it continues the Alan Moore part of the synopsis. (I would fix it, but I have not read any of the comic.) --Dylan Thurston (talk) 02:06, 1 July 2019 (UTC)

Article split
I think it is clear that Marvelman and Miracleman are two separate, but related, characters. It would help immensely with the clarity and organization of this article if it were to be split into two.128.151.71.7 (talk) 18:20, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I am not sure of the etiquette of replying to an old-ish comment et cetera but after a read through I am of the personal opinion that this article is doing a lot of heavy lifting. About half of it is the legal stuff, which is of course important and a sadly large part of MM's history, but it's not necessarily the largest (i.e. the protracted ownership stuff isn't the only notable thing about the title, it got to be big news because the comic was popular and acclaimed) is also now resolved and with actual new material out there feels like it should no longer be the central crux of the subject. There's a discussion up the page about splitting it off to a separate article which doesn't seem to be resolved...?
 * It's taking up space that IMO could be more orientated to summarising the work itself, at the moment nine issues are summarised with "Neil Gaiman's run begins with issue #17.".
 * There's also very little about the characters in terms of what they can and cannot do and so forth, which is curious when Bates has his own page at Kid Miracleman and Lear has one at Miraclewoman while this page doesn't say much at all really about Moran himself, or Dauntless who redirects here.
 * I also feel that the L. Miller & Sons stuff is somewhat stuffed down for titles that managed some 300 issues or whatever. Alright, they were crap and the revival is a big part of why they're remembered but it's not the only part and the coverage of Marvelman and Young Marvelman as comic titles seems minimal compared to many other British comics on Wikipedia, as these titles had a life of their own before Warrior.
 * Now I'm a bit of a nerd in general and MM-wise in particular but I'd love to split off a bunch of pages, something like: -
 * A central nexus article
 * Marvelman (L. Miller & Son) & Young Marvelman (L. Miller & Son) pages, which would cover the characters and publications
 * Page/s differentiating Marvelman/Miracleman the Quality/Eclipse/Marvel title from Marvelman/Miracleman the character
 * Either separate pages for Moran and Dauntless as characters in their own right or folding the pages for Bates and Lear into a "Characters" section or page (that would naturally include other "regulars" such as Archer, Cream, Rebbeck, Gargunza etc.)
 * Plot summaries more like those for other noted comics, seeing as MM has attracted attention and acclaim for its' content.
 * A separate page for the ownership stuff
 * A template at the bottom to tie those and other related articles together.
 * Now I'm not sure where the line between Wikipedia and fan-Wiki lies on this sort of thing so I'd love to hear thoughts; I am more than happy to look at doing all of the above and tinkering with drafts in userspace and the like, but I'd love to hear more thoughts before I go on a needless deep-dive. BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 10:28, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Something like this - User:BoomboxTestarossa/Template:marvelmiracleman. Given the sprawl some licenced comics seem to have this doesn't seem an unreasonable amount of content. Any thoughts? BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 23:02, 6 February 2023 (UTC)

Article split V2
(new topic for visibility) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BoomboxTestarossa/Template:marvelmiracleman User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman User:BoomboxTestarossa/List_of_Miracleman_story_arcs User:BoomboxTestarossa/Ownership_of_Miracleman User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman_(character) User:BoomboxTestarossa/Kid_Miracleman User:BoomboxTestarossa/Young_Miracleman User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miraclewoman User:BoomboxTestarossa/List_of_Miracleman_characters User:BoomboxTestarossa/Warpsmith User:BoomboxTestarossa/Marvelman (comic) User:BoomboxTestarossa/Young Marvelman (comic) User:BoomboxTestarossa/Marvelman Family User:BoomboxTestarossa/Marvelman (strip) User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman (Eclipse Comics) - Miracleman Family would redirect here User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman: Apocrypha User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman (Marvel comic) - MM by G&B, MM: Family's Finest would redirect here There's still some tinkering to be done but it's mainly to the reception sections which I will be tinkering with in the background while I give this a week or so to see what everyone thinks. BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 18:09, 4 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Template:
 * Hub article:
 * Story arcs:
 * Ownership:
 * Character pages:
 * Publications:

Lengthier thoughts and questions
BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 18:24, 4 March 2023 (UTC)
 * 1) On Miracleman v Marvelman I personally think current identity, worldwide notability and the critical standing of the revival are unignorable factors. A bit like the Miller publishing model there's not been many (any?) precedents like it as far as I can see (though no-one calls Robot Archie by the Jungle Robot name). While the character's original name is naturally of great importance it's inescapable that the renamed version has a higher international profile in any quantifiable metric, and we're rapidly approaching a tipping point where it's been Miracleman longer than Marvelman to boot. Miracleman's done everything Marvelman's done, whereas Marvelman hasn't done everything Miracleman's done, if that makes sense. Thus for, say, character articles the current ongoing versions should be primary IMO, as long as we include the right clarifications.
 * 2) Related... in the comics the characters use their "superhero" and "civilian" names interchangeably for quite sensible reasons. However for histories and synopsises I feel it aids clarity to refer to the superhuman forms by the former and the unaltered forms by the latter. This could be due to my faults as a writer as I can't find a way to put across the state of affairs presented in fiction without bogging down and getting tangential, which I do enough of anyway (cite:everythingihavedoneonwikipedia).
 * 3) As an aside to the above, taking Marvel's ownership as a whole it's hard to escape the conclusion that all pronouncements to the contrary between 1993 and 2013, they always planned to republish as Miracleman, and that use of Marvelman was partly to secure that trademark as well (with the Gower reprints effectively being an ashcan once their limited commercial appeal was exhausted), and partly as negotiations over the Miracleman trademark (which was of course separate from Anglo's affairs) were presumably ongoing, and as such showing Marvel had the rights to Marvelman and publicly announcing they were happy to continue the story as such were in effect a negotiating tactic to weaken any potential rival claimants to the Miracleman trademark. It makes a certain amount of sense commercially as well, as Marvel already have Captain Marvel/Ms. Marvel/Blue Marvel etc, Miracleman being more distinctive. Had Marvel for whatever reason been unable to secure the Miracleman trademark the character probably would have retained the Marvelman name, but this didn't happen. However, with the potential money involved in any Marvel character these days through films, Funko Pops and so on, I don't think we'll get any more clarity on this in our lifetimes and naturally as such this is just speculation.
 * 4) However any of this crap some places use about "pantheon" being a team name should be discouraged with extreme prejudice.
 * 5) I have no idea on naming conventions for individual pages and naturally they're an absolute mess across Wikipedia for most other titles, so it's been hard to draw a bead on this. Suggestions and corrections wanted.
 * 6) Stylistically some of them are a bit wall-of-texty; would it acceptable to break them up a little where appropriate with pictures of the likes of Moore, Gaiman etc from their own articles, Commons etc or is that not the done thing?
 * 7) The Miller weeklies especially have a lot of overlapping or duplicate information due to both MM and YM having a near-identical creation and 1950s publishing history. IMHO though as both racked up 335-odd issues they meet any sensible criteria for justifying individual pages, and they do begin to branch a little after the cancellation. I've played around with a merged version but honestly can't seem to make it work, as none of the publishers have ever consistently used an umbrella name for the titles (I mean YM isn't a spinoff of MM or vice versa), and inventing one - say, pretending they were known as the Marvelman Universe or somesuch - for Wikipedia seems disingenuous. I've been wracking my brains for a suitable comparison to see how it's handled by other Wikipedia articles but to my limited knowledge it seems unique.
 * 8) Same goes for any attempt I've made to fold the character and publication pages together; either I end up with multiple articles simply stacked on top of each other which are far too long or a confusing miasma that jumps all over the place and would be confusing to anyone without detailed knowledge in the first place. I am open to suggestions here as it may just be my shortfalls as a Wikipedian that are causing this. However I do very strongly feel that the nature of any merger should be done with consensus, discussion and collaborative rewriting rather than at the whim of a passing reviewer with no real understanding of the topic, especially as I suspect only the new articles will get pushback rather than similarly written extant pages.
 * 9) Likewise any attempt to merge the Quality, Eclipse and Marvel runs creates a dreadful rat-king of a page.
 * 10) I have not been able to find any sort of definitive database for the Miller titles, and have instead largely been working from partial archives, especially as Marvel have abandoned the Classic volumes. Therefore I've had to use more ambiguous terms than is ideal in places as for all I know there are other recurring villains etc.
 * 11) Skinn notes that Ron Embleton and Denis Gifford contributed to MM/YM in his Warrior article but AFAIK no other source mentions this. While it is almost certainly true that they did I feel they should be left out of the infoboxes etc. until some definite contributions are attributed.
 * 12) The MM/YM Adventures books - these seem to be almost proto-trades issued in the dying days of the Miller series, made up of reprints and in addition to the Annuals rather than instead of. Anyone have more information?
 * 13) Also the article as it stands claims that Anglo consistently claimed ownership, which is something I can't seem to find any sources for. Obviously when it as a going concern for Quality and Eclipse there were very limited outlets for him to do so, but Kimota! is one of the few interviews where he seems to actually discuss things, and there he displays almost total apathy towards the character, the revival and the ownership. Obviously that was in 2001 and it's possible he began asserting his ownership after that but to claim it's been unfaltering would seem to be incorrect.
 * 14) In Kimota! Dez Skinn claims that much of the Gower Street material was effectively traced from Fawcett strips... this feels like a fairly incendiary claim. Skinn (like Yronwode) has a habit of interviewing well, and naturally we have to be a bit careful with this sort of things where both have a habit of checking Internet mentions of themselves in a manner that other figures in the melodrama don't. Khoury isn't always the most incisive interviewer (being perhaps more reluctant to challenge some things as he needs the subjects for the book). Has this ever been examined by anyone with, say, side-by-side comparisons? Would Marvel have ran the material if this is true, or do DC have no claim to the Fawcett material? While obviously there's been little scholarly study of the Miller material where it's crap and many sources quite rightly deride MM's fifties adventures as a Captain Marvel rip-off I feel that this would be mentioned more often if the actual stories were copied.
 * 15) Mary Marvel being "turned into" KM - this seems to have spread from Moore's potted history in the second Eclipse issue (and Gifford in Family #2, during which he also explicitly notes his interaction with Anglo was dropping off pages, which suggests he wouldn't have been party to character creation) but I'm not sure how it really maps out. KM first appears around 18 months in, by which point when Gower Street Studio were surely no longer mining Captain Marvel for plots. KM has a consistently different dynamic with the rest of the family (I.e. he's interchangeable with MM and YM, with his USP being he's a foot shorter and has commas for eyes). IIRC Mary had turned up already in Miller reprints and if KM was a straight proxy surely he would have immediately turned up rather than not showing up a year or whatever later?Beyond being the third member of a comic book team with Marvel Family in their name there doesn't seem to be much crossover. I do think Mary is worth a passing mention, if nothing else to avoid this getting added, but unless an interview with Anglo or a contemporary saying "yeah, I totally based Johnny on Mary Marvel" turns up I feel making the connection is an over simplification.
 * 16) At what point did Guntag Barghelt become Guntag Borghelm? He's Barghelt in MM65. Sadly my only reference for YM's origin is the relettered Eclipse version, and vintage references to Guntag are very sparse afterwards... was the name retconned or simply misremembered for the revival? Again it would be a fun little fact to work in if anyone knows.
 * 17) Firebug, was he a real MM villain? I know Leach designed two of the guys in the frame with Young Nastyman but I'm not sure on this chap, and he does get a call-out in the text...
 * 18) My legalese is not so good but am I correct in reading that the letters from Marvel's legal team that they only objected to Marvelman being used as a title, not the continuation of the strip itself in the pages of Warrior? Skinn has said he used the Marvel legal action as a scapegoat for the strip stalling, after all. It was once received wisdom that the Marvel legal action stopped the strip and this seems to have been brought up in a lot of circular reporting about the comic but it seems clear looking at the evidence that the Alan's falling out was the main thing, with both Marvel's actions and Warrior's cancellation almost a sideshow. By a similar token it seems to be overstated how much the C&D affected Moore's decision to never write for Marvel whereas looking at his interviews he was already pissed with them about the Special Executive and Bernie Jay and the Marvelman thing was just the final nail in the coffin. I'd be curious to know what his position was when Dez Skinn was pitching to Jim Shooter, mind.
 * 19) Moore has also said his first choice was to continue the story as 'Kimota' with the character name unchanged, basically following what DC were doing with Captain Marvel in 'Shazam'. Is there a reason I'm missing why this route wasn't taken? Was the mere use of Captain Marvel in Shazam something Marvel were lawyering over at the time? Was it something Moore only came up with after the fact?
 * 20) On the ownership as said obviously the various legal issues associated with the title need coverage as it's a notable feature of the title, mentioned by many notable sources and is thus sadly hard to ignore. However I feel we need to absolutely hammer home that all the internet detectiving, "shares", Gaiman v McFarlane etc. was a completely pointless false trail, bald men fighting over someone else's comb even though we all like Neil more than Todd. My reasoning behind having a separate Ownership article is to keep the misconceptions and irrelevant reprinting away from the neglected coverage of the material itself, while also serving as a necessary lightning rod for the associated fanboy bitchiness and squabbling.
 * 21) However, regarding the ownership I'd love to have more about how things suddenly became clear in 2009. I'm guessing Quesada had put Marvel's legal team on some serious digging but it would really round out that section if we could get some sources on the how, as unlikely as that seems, even if I am kinda fond of the "However, none of the above crap mattered" as it's very, very funny.
 * 22) Eclipse Miracleman 8 seems to be the source of weirdness to some degree. Fill-in issues were obviously more common in the eighties among the majors but Eclipse seem to have pioneered the creator-owned template of issues shipping when they were ready regardless of whatever nominal schedule they followed. It would be great to know a) why Eclipse put out the issue and b) never tried it again every other time the book's schedule dropped off the face of the Earth. Negative reader reaction? Poor sales? Moore kicking off? There seems to be some confusion as to what SHOULD have been in 8 as well; theoretically it should have been the birth issue but Austen has said he never saw the script for it and Yronwode has specifically noted giving Veitch the reference material, not Chuck. But if Chuck didn't try to draw it there shouldn't have been any MM material to be lost in the flood (which is historically attested) at Eclipse's office.
 * 23) The Yesterday Gambit stuff is so strange; Moore almost seems to go out of his way to reference it (to the extent where Huey and Silence almost seem to be created so the story makes sense) but by then the decision had surely been made to skip reprinting it...? It's odd that Eclipse never used it as a backup considering some of the mad crap they threw out in the title, and the only possible reason seems to be Moore vetoing it...Fornicate me though it's unsettling how so much of the story, including what little we know about the Dark Age, still more or less fits with the Warrior Universe chronology. Without wanting to fanboy, what an imagination.
 * 24) Also on the subject of things I've potentially misunderstood am I being dumb or does basically nothing happen between the building of the moon base thing in mid/late 83 and Bates returning in August 85? It's weird for a storyline that's so tightly plotted and - unusually for a superhero story - dated but in #14 there just seems to this year-plus jump during which MM, MW and the Warsmiths seem to just watch Earth and do literally nothing, and MM just sits in Silence undisturbed. There doesn't even seem to be any character movement as he's still briefly the sort-of human superpowered Mike Moran afterwards rather than emerging as the more distant figure narrating the flashbacks. It feels like I'm missing something.
 * 25) Similarly I'm correct in thinking Phon Mooda does the square root of eff-all in London, right? Alan could at least have let her do Marble Arch or something.
 * 26) Avril's current individual page is a bit ORy but notes she has telekinesis and telepathy; I'm currently at a loss to find any evidence of the former and the latter seems to be more a case of her having a superhuman levels of perception, empathy and intelligence rather than a literal ability to read minds like Professor X or something. Seeing as both of these powers would have been of great use at various points (she would hardly have shoulder-charged KM if she could hit him with TK, and she would have been easily able to reassure MM about YM's feelings if she told him she could read his thoughts, even if she was lying or something) I'm not sure they should be listed as powers that MW has. Obviously the implications of the story are the superhumans can theoretically gain further powers with experience and practice (cf. Bates kicking everyone around and having eye-lasers because he's had 20 years more experience) and they theoretically have supereverything but for infoboxes we should stick to stuff that's been clearly shown. Again, open to correction if I've missed something obvious, sometimes I miss the wood for the trees.
 * 27) The Eclipse era really seems to be a period where almost everyone involved fell out with everyone else and a lot of dull bitchery happened. A lot of this is sadly intertwined with the series' publication and even content and thus is hard to avoid mentioning but I've done what I can to centralise that article on the series itself and cover the he said-she said on the Ownership page. I have tried to do so in a balanced way, which is tricky when several creators flag issues with the publisher and only Yronwode is really there as a counter. It's obviously a bit damning that a bunch of people who hate each other unanimously agree they were stiffed by Eclipse but balance should be maintained until someone is sued over it.
 * 28) I half remember reading somewhere that at least the first issue of Triumphant was going to centre on British Bulldog/Big Ben but I can't recall where, and the pages out there don't mean much out of context. Be a fun thing to add.
 * 29) I can't really find anything about the mechanics and/or canonicity of Total Eclipse. I mean presumably at the time Gaiman was required to at least okay it as he believed he part-owned the character but obviously it's a bit incongruous in the character's history and not mentioned at all in MM, or it seems many (any?) interviews with the creators.
 * 30) Talking of which, obviously Timeless underlines IMO the need for separate character and publication pages as Miracleman is likely to be exposed to the festering gash of the Marvel Universe and get tripped up by Squirrel Girl or be enlisted in X-Force or something. Weird for them to look at Doomsday Clock and go " hey, we can do that" but still. Be nice if we could ring-fence that somewhat.
 * 31) Is there, like, a story-in-progress template we can tag to the end of the Silver Age summary? I've intentionally kept SA summary material to a bare minimum for the time being. It does feel like the story is heading in a direction that might question if we're seeing the "real" Young Miracleman so taking too much of what's been published at incomplete face value could lead to a lot of backtracking, especially as we seem to be talking only a couple of months before we get the answers.
 * 32)  I'm unsure of what issues of SA1-2 to cite in fictional articles; my gut says #23-24 of Eclipse as it was the first publication but at the same time Marvel SA1-2 are substantially redrawn and seem to have overwritten the originals.
 * 33) And possibly a non-POV way of noting that Gaiman has totally checked out and is signing off on whatever?
 * 34) Fictionally speaking though, the Silver Age kind-of rubber stamps Dicky needing his own page IMO as he is now having experiences beyond being a burnt sausage floating around infraspace. If Maggott (apparently the 100th most popular X-Men member) can have his own page so can Young Miracleman.

 * Addendum to 26: I see the same thing is currently on Miracleman's page and once again I disagree that the character has been shown to have any telepathic abilities that can't be attributed to extra-keen intelligence and/or perception. He doesn't know what the pilgrims want in the first issue of Golden Age and has to consult a spaceman as to the happiness of others in the last issue; if anything the character's post-god actions are defined by his inability to tell what other people are thinking, let alone earlier occasions when it would have been handy to know what Liz, Gargunza etc. The same principle applies to telekinesis; MM certainly doesn't have it at any point up to fighting Bates for the second time, and while he's not exactly been active in GA/SA it's still not been flagged up as far as I can see. Once again this is with the caveat that a) this could change and b) I could have missed something but as it stands I'm not sure they should be among the character's abilities. BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 09:46, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

 * User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman
 * User:BoomboxTestarossa/Marvelman (strip)
 * User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman (Eclipse Comics)
 * User:BoomboxTestarossa/Miracleman (Marvel comic)
 * No, sorry, this is dumb. Working on a merged publication article.BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 13:23, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miracleman (character)


text:
Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members often have a different title. The terms congressman/congresswoman or deputy are equivalent terms used in other jurisdictions. The term parliamentarian is also sometimes used for members of parliament, but this may also be used to refer to unelected government officials with specific roles in a parliament and other expert advisers on parliamentary procedure such as the Senate parliamentarian in the United States. The term is also used to the characteristic of performing the duties of a member of a legislature, for example: "The two party leaders often disagreed on issues, but both were excellent parliamentarians and cooperated to get many good things done."

Members of parliament typically form parliamentary groups, sometimes called caucuses, with members of the same political party.

Westminster system
The Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system of government modelled after the politics of the United Kingdom. This term comes from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Australia
At the Commonwealth level, a "member of parliament" is a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Commonwealth (federal) parliament. Members may use the postnominal "MP" after their names. "MHR" ("Member of the House of Representatives") was not used, which was affirmed by cabinet in 1901 and reaffirmed in 1951 and 1965. However, the prohibition of "MHR" does not appear to have been strictly enforced, as it was used most recently by Tony Abbott when he was in the parliament (1994–2019). A member of the upper house of the Commonwealth Parliament, the Senate, is known as a "Senator".

States and territories
In the Australian states and territories, "MP" is commonly used. In bicameral legislatures, members of the lower house (legislative assembly or house of assembly) also use the post-nominals "MLA" or "MHA" and members of the upper house (legislative council) use "MLC".

MLCs are informally refer to as upper house MPs.

Bahamas
The Parliament of the Bahamas is the bicameral national parliament of Commonwealth of the Bahamas. The parliament is formally made up by the monarch (represented by the governor-general), an appointed Senate, and an elected House of Assembly. It currently sits at Nassau, the national capital.

The structure, functions, and procedures of the parliament are based on the Westminster system.

Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, a member of parliament is an individual who serves in the unicameral Jatiya Sangsad or House of the Nation. Members of the Jatiya Sangsad are elected at a general election, usually held once every five years unless Parliament is dissolved sooner by the president on the advice of the prime minister. Under the Constitution of Bangladesh, an individual is required to be a citizen of Bangladesh and must have attained the age of 25 years in order to qualify for election to Parliament.

The Parliament consists of 300 directly elected members from general seats elected by use of first past the post who represent single-constituencies, while 50 seats are reserved exclusively for women and are allocated on a proportional basis. After an election, the Election Commission allocates reserved seats to parties based on the number of general seats they won. A party then presents a list of candidates, each requiring a presenter and a seconder. If the number of candidates presented and seats allocated is equal, then there is no election and the reserved seats are filled in accordance with the candidate lists prepared by parties. In the event there are more candidates than seat allocations, the 300 MPs elected from general seats vote through use of the single transferable vote system to determine the reserved seats. In reality, there has never been an election for reserved seats as parties have never nominated more candidates than they have been allocated. In order to form a Government, a political party or alliance usually requires a simple majority in Parliament. Since Bangladesh's independence, the prime minister has concurrently held the position of Leader of the House.

Barbados
The Parliament of Barbados is the legislative branch of the government of Barbados. It is a bicameral body, composed of an appointed Senate and an elected House of Assembly. The Senate (upper house), the direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council"—comprises 21 senators appointed by the president. The President appoints 12 Senators on the advice of the Prime Minister and two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.The remaining seven Senators are nominated by the President at their discretion (that is, the President is not bound by other political leaders' advice in these appointments) to represent various religious, social, economic, or other interests in Barbados.

In the absence of an opposition leader in parliament (i.e. in the case of a landslide victory where one party takes all 30 seats in the House of Assembly, as occurred in 2018 and 2022) the president will then appoint the remaining two senators in the opposition's stead allowing for 9 independents instead.

The House of Assembly (lower house) is made up of 30 members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies.

Canada
The Parliament of Canada consists of the monarch, the Senate and the House of Commons. Only members of the House of Commons are referred to as members of Parliament (député); members of the Senate are called Senators (sénateur). There are currently 105 seats in the Senate and 338 in the House of Commons. Members of Parliament are elected, while senators are appointed by the governor general on behalf of the sovereign at the direction of the prime minister. Retirement is mandatory for senators upon reaching the age of 75 years.

Each province (and territory) has its own legislature, with each member usually known as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). In certain provinces, legislators carry other titles: Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in Ontario, Member of the National Assembly (MNA) in Quebec (député) and Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) in Newfoundland and Labrador. The provincial upper houses were eliminated between 1876 (Manitoba) and 1968 (Quebec).

Gibraltar
In Gibraltar, members of parliament serve in the unicameral Gibraltar Parliament. There are 17 seats in the Parliament, to which candidates are elected by block voting. Each candidate represents the whole of Gibraltar as their constituency.

India
A member of Parliament is a member of either of the two houses of the Indian Parliament: Lok Sabha (lower house) and Rajya Sabha (upper house). Lok Sabha has 543 seats, all of whom are directly elected by the citizens of India from each parliamentary constituency of states and union territories via first-past-the-post voting. Rajya Sabha can have 245 members, of which 238 members are indirectly elected. Of these 238 members, 229 belong to the state legislatures and 9 belongs to the union territories of Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu and Kashmir, and are elected by using the single transferable vote method of proportional representation. The remaining 12 members are nominated by the president for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Each state has a fixed number of representatives allocated in each chamber, in order of their respective populations. The state of Uttar Pradesh has the greatest number of representatives in both houses. The person which secures the support of more than half the seats in the Lok Sabha forms the Government. To form the government, parties may form a coalition.

The term of a member of the Rajya Sabha is six years, while Lok Sabha members are elected for a term of five years, unless the house is dissolved sooner. Rajya Sabha is a permanent house that is not subject to dissolution, and one third of the members retire every two years. Vacancies in both houses, whether because of death or resignation of a member, must be filled by using a bypoll within six months of the vacancy; the newly elected member then only serves the remainder of the term of the seat to which they are elected. The number of seats in both houses is regulated by the Constitution and parliamentary statutes.

Ireland
Since the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922 and subsequently in the Republic of Ireland, the legislature of Ireland is known as the Oireachtas, and consists of the president; the upper house, Seanad Éireann (or Senate); and lower house, Dáil Éireann (Assembly, or House of Representatives). They are functionally similar to other bicameral parliaments, with the lower house being significantly more influential and having more power over the creation of legislation. Elections to Dáil Éireann are held at least every five years using the single transferable vote; while elections to Seanad Éireann are restricted to members of both houses, elected members of local authorities, and alumni of National University of Ireland colleges. Eleven senators are nominated directly by the Taoiseach.

A Member of Dáil Éireann is known as a Teachta Dála (TD) or "Deputy to the Dáil", and addressed as "Teachta" (Deputy), while a Member of the Seanad is known and addressed as Seanadóir (Senator). These titles are used much more commonly in English than the official Irish.

A member of Parliament was the term used to refer to a member of the pre-1801 Irish House of Commons of the Parliament of Ireland. Irish members elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were also called members of Parliament from 1801 to 1922. Northern Ireland continues to elect MPs to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Jamaica
The Parliament of Jamaica is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. It is a bicameral body, composed of an appointed Senate and an elected House of Representatives. The Senate (upper house), the direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council"—comprises 21 senators appointed by the governor-general: thirteen on the advice of the prime minister and eight on the advice of the leader of the opposition.

The House of Representatives, the lower house, is made up of 63 (previously 60) members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies.

Kenya
The National Assembly of Kenya has a total of 349 seats; 205 members are elected from the constituencies, 47 women are elected from the counties and 12 members are nominated representatives. Kenya also has 47 elected senators from 47 counties; who sit in the Senate parliament. The senators oversee the counties, which are run by governors- also democratically elected. There are also members of county assembly. They are elected from each ward, and seat in county assemblies to oversee and make laws for their respective counties.

Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia consists of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) and two houses, the Dewan Rakyat (the House of Representatives) and Dewan Negara (the Senate).

The term "members of Parliament" only refers to members of the Dewan Rakyat. In Malay, a member of Parliament is called Ahli Parlimen, or less formally wakil rakyat (people's representative).

Members of Parliament are elected from population-based single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The prime minister must be a member of Parliament.

Members of Parliament are styled Yang Berhormat ("Honourable") with the initials Y.B. appended prenominally. A prince who is a member of Parliament is styled Yang Berhormat Mulia. The prime minister, deputy prime minister and Tuns who are members of Parliament are styled Yang Amat Berhormat ("Most Honourable"), abbreviated Y.A.B.

Malta
The Parliament of Malta consists of the president of Malta and the House of Representatives of 69 members (article 51 of the Constitution), referred to as "members of Parliament" (article 52(1) of the Constitution). When appointed from outside the House, the speaker is also considered a member of the Parliament. The Constitution lists the qualifications and disqualifications from serving as a member of Parliament.

Privileges of members of Parliament and their Code of Ethics are laid out in the House of Representatives (Privileges and Powers) Ordinance.

Nauru
The Parliament of Nauru consists of 18 seats. Members of Parliament are entitled to use the prefix The Honourable.

New Zealand
The New Zealand Parliament is made up of the monarch and the unicameral House of Representatives. A member of Parliament is a member of the House of Representatives, which has a minimum of 120 members, elected at a general election for a three-year term. There are 72 electorate MPs, of which seven are elected only by Māori who have chosen to be registered on a separate Māori electoral roll. The remaining members are elected by proportional representation from published party lists.

Since 1907, members of the House of Representatives have been referred to as 'Member of Parliament', abbreviated MP. From the 1860s until 1907 they were designated as 'Member of the House of Representatives', abbreviated 'MHR'. Between the first general election, in 1853, and the 1860s, the designation was "Member of the General Assembly", abbreviated MGA. Before 1951, New Zealand had an upper house, the Legislative Council, whose members were appointed.

Pakistan
A member of Parliament is a member of either of the two houses of the Pakistani Parliament: the National Assembly of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan. The National Assembly of Pakistan has a total of 342 members, of whom 272 are directly elected, and 70 seats are reserved for women and minorities. A member of the National Assembly of Pakistan (MNA) has a tenure of five years. On the other hand, there are 104 members of the Senate of Pakistan, in which all four provinces are represented by 23 senators regardless of population, while the Islamabad Capital Territory is represented by four senators. A member of the Senate of Pakistan (a senator) has a tenure of six years.

Singapore
Member of Parliament refers to elected members of the Parliament of Singapore, the appointed Non-constituency Member of Parliament from the opposition, as well as the Nominated Members of Parliament, who may be appointed from members of the public who have no connection to any political party in Singapore.

Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, a Member of Parliament refers to a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (since 1978), the National State Assembly (1972–78) and the House of Representatives of Ceylon (1947–72), the lower house of the Parliament of Ceylon. Members are elected in a general elections or appointed from the national lists allocated to parties (and independent groups) in proportion to their share of the national vote at a general election. A candidate to become an MP must be a Sri Lankan citizen and can be a holder of dual-citizenship in any other country, be at least 18 years of age, and not be a public official or officeholder.

Trinidad and Tobago
The Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago is the legislative branch of the government of Trinidad and Tobago. The Parliament is bicameral. It consists of the elected House of Representatives, which has 41 members elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies, and the Senate which has 31 members appointed by the president: 16 government senators appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 6 opposition senators appointed on the advice of the leader of the opposition and 9 independent senators appointed by the president to represent other sectors of civil society.

United Kingdom
The United Kingdom elects members of its parliament:

 * the Parliament of the United Kingdom, with 650 members elected by the first-past-the-post system to the (lower) House of Commons, referred to as members of Parliament, abbreviated to MP

and four devolved legislatures:

 * the Scottish Parliament, with 129 members elected under the additional member system every five years, and each called Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP)
 * the Northern Ireland Assembly, with 90 members each known as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA; Comhalta den Tionól Reachtach, CTR; Ulster-Scots: Laa-Makkan Forgaitherar, LMF). (Between 1921 and 1973, Northern Ireland was governed by the bicameral Parliament of Northern Ireland. Members of its lower house, the House of Commons of Northern Ireland, were known as Member of Parliament.)
 * the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), with 60 elected members called Member of the Senedd (English - MS); Aelod o'r Senedd, AS)
 * the London Assembly, with 25 members elected under the additional member system every four years, called Members of the London Assembly (AM)

MPs are elected in general elections and by-elections to represent constituencies, and may remain MPs until Parliament is dissolved. "If it has not been dissolved earlier, a Parliament dissolves at the beginning of the day that is the fifth anniversary of the day on which it first met." (Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022).

A candidate to become an MP must be a British or Irish or Commonwealth citizen, be at least 18 years of age (reduced from 21 in 2006), and not be a public official or officeholder, as set out in the schedule to the Electoral Administration Act 2006.

Technically, MPs have no right to resign their seats (though they may refuse to seek re-election). However a legal fiction allows voluntary resignation between elections; as MPs are forbidden from holding an "office of profit under the Crown", an MP wishing to resign will apply for the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds or the Stewardship of the Manor of Northstead which are nominally such paid offices and thus result in the MP vacating their seat. (Accepting a salaried ministerial office does not amount to a paid office under the Crown for these purposes.)

The House of Lords is a legislative chamber that is part of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Although they are part of the parliament, its members are referred to as peers, more formally as Lords of Parliament, not MPs. Lords Temporal sit for life, Lords Spiritual while they occupy their ecclesiastical positions. Hereditary peers may no longer pass on a seat in the House of Lords to their heir automatically. The 92 who remain have been elected from among their own number, following the House of Lords Act 1999 and are the only elected members of the Lords.

Zimbabwe
Members of the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, are styled "members of Parliament", while members of the Senate, the upper house, are referred to as "senators".

Other systems
Member of Parliament can be the term (often a translation) for representatives in parliamentary democracies that do not follow the Westminster system and who are usually referred to in a different fashion, such as deputé in France, deputato in Italy, deputat in Bulgaria, parlamentario or diputado in Spain and Spanish-speaking Latin America, deputado in Portugal and Brazil, and Mitglied des Bundestages (MdB) in Germany. However, better translations are often possible.

Afghanistan
Prior to the takeover of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in August 2021, a member of parliament (MP) was a member of the lower house of the bicameral National Assembly of Afghanistan: a member of the Wolesi Jirga (House of People) held one of the in total 250 seats in the lower house. The 102 members of the upper house Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) were called Senators.

Austria
A member of Parliament is a member of either of the two chambers of the Parliament of Austria (Österreichisches Parlament). The members of the Nationalrat are called Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat. The members of the Bundesrat, elected by the provincial diets (Landtage) of the nine federal States of Austria, are known as Mitglieder des Bundesrats.

Bulgaria
In Bulgaria there are 240 members of Parliament (Народно събрание / Парламент; transliteration Narodno sabranie / Parlament), which are called 'Deputati' (singular Deputat). Moreover, there are 240 MPs in the normal parliament and 400 in the "Great Parliament". The Great Parliament is elected when a new constitution is needed. There have been seven Great Parliaments in modern Bulgarian history, in 1879, 1881, 1886, 1893, 1911, 1946 and 1990. MPs in Bulgaria are called депутати (deputies).

Cambodia
The member of parliament (សមាជិកសភា) refers to the elected members of the National Assembly. There are 125 members of parliament in total. They are also alternatively called member of the National Assembly. Parliamentary elections are traditionally held every five years with no term limits imposed. The 25 provinces of Cambodia are represented by the members of Parliament in the National Assembly. A constituency may have more than one MP, depending on the population.

Czech Republic
A member of Parliament is a member of either of the two chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, although the term member of Parliament of the Czech Republic is commonly referred to as deputy of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Poslanec Parlamentu České republiky), who is a member of the lower house of the Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies. For the upper house, the Senate, the term senator is used.

Denmark
In Denmark, a member of the Folketinget (medlem af Folketinget) is one of the 179 members of the Folketinget. The title is almost always shortened to the initialism "MF".

France
In France, member of parliament refers in English to the elected (one for each of the 577 constituencies) members of the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. They are known in French as députés (deputies) and sit for five years, unless a snap election is called before the end of their term.

Germany
A member of parliament refers to the elected members of the federal Bundestag at the Reichstag building in Berlin. In German a member is called Mitglied des Bundestages (member of the Federal Diet) or officially Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages (member of the German Federal Diet), abbreviated MdB and attached. Unofficially the term Abgeordneter (lit. 'delegate', i.e. of a certain electorate) is also common (abbreviated Abg., never follows the name but precedes it).

In accordance with article 38 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, which is the German constitution, "[m]embers of the German Bundestag shall be elected in general, direct, free, equal, and secret elections. They shall be representatives of the whole people, not bound by orders or instructions, and responsible only to their conscience." An important though not constitutionally required feature of German parliamentarianism is a slightly modified proportional representation.

The 16 federal states of Germany (Länder) are represented by the Bundesrat at the former Prussian House of Lords, whose members are representatives of the respective Länder's governments and not directly elected by the people.

Greece
Members of the Hellenic Parliament are known as vouleftés (βουλευτής, "councillors") in Greek, which is rendered into English as "members of parliament". The Vouli is a unicameral legislature of 300 constituency members, each elected for a four-year term.

Indonesia
Although there are no official definition to what a member of parliament is, it commonly refers to the elected members of the lower People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR), known in Indonesian as Anggota DPR (member of the DPR). Members of the upper Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD) are referred to as senator, although the term Anggota DPD (member of the DPD) is also widely used. These titles are not used in formal naming convention following a member's name unlike the Westminster system.

Currently, there are 575 and 136 members in the DPR and the DPD respectively, both elected for a renewable five-year term. Members of the DPR are required to be a member of a registered political party, whereas members of the DPD are independent.

Israel
A member of the Knesset (חבר הכנסת) is one of the 120 members of the Knesset. The title is usually shortened to the initialism "MK".

Italy
Members of the lower house of the Italian Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, are known as "deputies" (deputati), while members of the upper house, the Senate of the Republic, are known as "senators" (senatori). Deputies and senators may use the style "The Honourable" (Onorevole). There are currently 400 deputies and 200 senators, who are elected in general elections held every five years. The president of the Italian Republic nominates five senators for life (senatori a vita). Emeritus presidents of the republic are also appointed senators for life. The two houses of parliament together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately.

Japan
In Japan, both houses of today's national parliament, the National Diet (Kokkai), are directly elected, and although the two chambers differ in legislative and political authority, term length and age restriction of eligibility, the members of both houses are generally equal in personal status (financial compensation, immunity, etc.). There are currently 710 members of the National Diet (Kokkai giin, 国会議員): 465 members of the House of Representatives (Shūgiin giin, 衆議院議員) and 245 members of the House of Councillors (Sangiin giin, 参議院議員). The former are elected in general/by-/repeat elections of members of the House of Representatives (Shūgiin giin sō-/hoketsu-/sai-senkyo), the latter in regular/by-/repeat elections of members of the House of Councillors (Sangiin giin tsūjō-/hoketsu-/sai-senkyo). Under the postwar constitution, the prime minister is elected by the National Diet and must be a member of the National Diet, as must the majority of other ministers; by practice, all prime ministers since 1947 have been members of the House of Representatives so far.

Under the constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Imperial Diet (Teikoku-gikai) was a bicameral legislature of two houses, generally equal in legislative authority, and while the members of both houses received the same financial compensation - from 1920 and 1947, ¥7500 for the two presidents, ¥4500 for the two vice-presidents, ¥3000 for all other members of both houses, except Imperial princes, dukes and marquesses—their status was different by definition: The upper house consisted mainly of hereditary nobles and lifetime-appointed peers, the lower house of elected commoners. In the First Imperial Diet in 1890, there were initially 551 members of the Imperial Diet (Teikoku-gikai giin, 帝国議会議員, or in contemporaneous script 帝國議會議員): 251 members of the House of Peers (Kizokuin giin, 貴族院議員) and 300 members of the House of Representatives (Shūgiin giin); of the House of Peers members, 10 were members of the Imperial family, 31 were hereditary members from the two upper nobility ranks, 104 were members elected in mutual elections from the three lower nobility ranks, 61 were lifetime-appointed members (many of these from the bureaucracy) and 45 were members elected by the 15 top taxpayers in each of the 45 prefectures. The number of noble and appointed members of the House of Peers was not fixed and varied gradually over time as members died or new peerages were granted; the number of elected top taxpayer seats, Imperial Academy seats (introduced in 1925), members appointed from the colonies Chōsen/Korea and Taiwan/Formosa (introduced in 1945), and the size of the House of Representatives was fixed by law, but was also changed several times over the decades. The last, 92nd Imperial Diet of 1946–1947 had 839 members - 466 members of the House of Representatives and 373 members of the House of Peers. As the regulations establishing the cabinet (naikaku) and the cabinet's prime minister (naikaku sōri-daijin) were decreed before the Imperial constitution, the prime minister did not have to be a member of the Imperial Diet, but after the establishment of the Imperial Diet in 1890, many prime ministers were appointed from the House of Peers; very few were members of the House of Representatives, viz. Takashi Hara, Osachi Hamaguchi, and Tsuyoshi Inukai.

Kazakhstan
According to the jurisdiction of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the term deputy (депутат) is the main and widely used word to describe a member of parliament (парламент депутаты) as a whole, encompassing both the lower house Mäjilis and the upper house Senate. While senator is also used to interchangeably describe a member of the Senate, the word "deputy" is the inclusive and general term for all 120 members of the Parliament.

The 98 deputies of the Mäjilis obtain their mandate through mixed-member majoritarian representation, with 29 deputies elected from single-member districts and 69 deputies from closed-list proportional representation. The Senate consists of 50 deputies, out of which 40 are indirectly elected by mäslihats (local assemblies), while the remaining 10 are appointed by the President and the Assembly of People.

Lebanon
The Parliament of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. It is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage in multi-member constituencies, apportioned among Lebanon's diverse Christian and Muslim denominations. Its major functions are to elect the president of the republic, to approve the government (although appointed by the president, the prime minister, along with the Cabinet, must retain the confidence of a majority in the Parliament), and to approve laws and expenditure. The name of a deputy in Arabic is Naeb (نائب). The plural of Naeb is Nuwab (نواب).

Netherlands
The Parliament of the Netherlands is known as the Staten-Generaal, the States General. It is bicameral, divided into two kamers (English: chambers). The Senate is known in Dutch as the Eerste Kamer (First Chamber) and its members as senatoren, senators. The House of Representatives, known in Dutch as the Tweede Kamer (Second Chamber), is the most important one. The important debates take place here. Also, the Second Chamber can amend proposed laws and can propose laws itself. The Senate does not have these capabilities. Its function is a more technical reviewing of laws. It can only pass a law or reject it. Both chambers are in The Hague, which is the seat of parliament but not the official capital of the Netherlands, which is Amsterdam.

The 150 members of the House of Representatives are elected by general elections every four years (or earlier if the government falls). The 75 members of the Senate are elected indirectly. The members of the twelve provincial parliaments and the councils of the three Caribbean special municipalities elect the senators. The value of a vote of a member of a provincial parliament is weighted by the population of the province. Provincial parliaments, the States Provincial, are elected by general elections every four years; a new Senate is elected three months after the provincial elections.

North Macedonia
In the Republic of North Macedonia there are 120 members of parliament (Sobranie) called Pratenici (singular Pratenik).

Norway
A member of parliament is an elected member of the Stortinget. They are called stortingsrepresentanter (lit. 'representatives of the Storting'). Since 2009, Norway has had a unicameral parliament, which previously consisted of the Odelstinget and Lagtinget; the Odelstinget comprised three-quarters, or 127, of the total 169 members, whereas the Lagtinget comprised the remainder. The dividing of the parliament into chambers was only used when dealing with passing regular laws and in cases of impeachment (riksrett). In other matters, such as passing the national budget or changing the constitution (the latter requiring a majority of two-thirds), the chambers were united.

The members of the unicameral parliament of Norway are chosen by popular vote for a parliamentary period of four years.

Philippines
From 1978 to 1984, the Philippine parliament was called the Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly), and its elected members were called Mambabatas Pambansa (National Assemblyman), often shortened to "MP".

Portugal
The Portuguese parliament is called the Assembleia da República. A member of parliament is known as a deputado, that is, a person who is appointed through democratic election to act on the people's behalf.

Spain
The word parlamento—of the same origin as Parliament in English—is used as a common name for all legislative assemblies, and hence parlamentario for the member of any of them, which can usually refer to members of:
 * both chambers of the national legislature (Cortes Generales), the Congress of Deputies and the Senate.
 * the regional devolved legislatures of the Autonomous Communities.
 * the European Parliament.

Members of the Congress of Deputies are called diputados (deputies), implying that they are elected to act in the name and on behalf of the people they represent. It is also usual to call members of the European Parliament eurodiputados. Members of the Senate are called senadores (senators).

South Africa
The Parliament of South Africa consists of two houses: the National Assembly of South Africa (lower house) and the National Council of Provinces (upper house). Members of both houses are given the title Member of Parliament.

The National Assembly is made up of 400 members, who are all elected by the public in general elections using a proportional representation system with closed lists. The National Council of Provinces is composed of 90 delegates with 10 delegates for each of the nine provinces regardless of the population of the province. A provincial delegation consists of six permanent delegates and four special delegates. NCOP delegates are elected by the nine provincial legislatures on the day when they reconvene, usually the same day as the National Assembly. The delegates are sworn in the next day.

South Korea
A member of Parliament refers to a member of the Parliament of South Korea. A total of 253 MPs are elected using the first-past-the-post system from parliamentary constituencies, 30 MPs are elected by proportional compensation, and 17 MPs are elected by mixed member majoritarian.

In the Second Republic of Korea or if the Constitution of South Korea is amended as a parliamentary system with bicameralism, only the members of the House of Commons of South Korea are called members of Parliament, while the members of the Senate of South Korea are called senators.

The members of provincial legislatures are called members of the Legislative Assembly or MLA. In some provinces, such individuals are called councillors and members of the provincial parliament.

Sweden
Members of parliament refers to the elected members of the Riksdag. In Swedish, an MP is usually referred to as a riksdagsledamot (member of the Riksdag) or a riksdagsman (gentleman of the Riksdag). The former is in more common use today, especially in official contexts, due to its status as a unisex word, while the latter was used more often historically and literally refers to a male MP exclusively.

The parliament is a unicameral assembly with 349 members who are chosen every four years in general elections. To become an MP, a person must be entitled to vote (i.e. be a Swedish citizen, be at least 18 years old and be or have been resident in Sweden) and must be nominated by a political party. The MPs are elected by proportionality in constituencies across the nation. To decide which candidate will be elected the modified Sainte-Laguë method is used. This method usually but not always gives an accurate result in proportion to cast votes.

The salaries of the MPs are decided by the Riksdag Pay Committee (Riksdagens arvodesnämnd), a government agency under the Riksdag. Since 1 November 2007, the basic monthly pay of an MP is SEK52,900 (ca. US$6,500). The pay of the speaker is SEK126,000 a month (ca. US$15,000), which is the same as that of the prime minister. The deputy speakers receive an increment of 30% of the pay of a member. The chairs and deputy chairs of the parliamentary committees receive a similar increment of 20% and 15% respectively.

According to a survey investigation by the sociologist Jenny Hansson, Swedish national parliamentarians have an average workweek of 66 hours, including side responsibilities. Hansson's investigation further reports that the average Swedish national parliamentarian sleeps 6.5 hours per night.

Thailand
In the Kingdom of Thailand, members of parliament (สมาชิกรัฐสภา; ) refer to the members of the National Assembly of Thailand, that is, the members of the House of Representatives and the senators. Following the military coup d'état on 19 September 2006, all members of the assembly were suspended from duty until the next election. The assembly was fully reconvened after the general elections under a slightly amended new constitution. Under the 2007 constitution there are 650 members of parliament, consisting of 500 members in the House of Representatives, of which 375 elected from constituencies and the other 125 by party-list, and 150 senators.

Turkey
In the Republic of Turkey, a member of parliament is an elected member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, TBMM), which has 600 members elected at a general election for a term of office of five years.

Ukraine
A people's deputy of Ukraine (Ukrainian: народний депутат України, narodnyi deputat Ukrayiny) is a member of parliament or legislator elected by a popular vote to the Verkhovna Rada (the unicameral parliament of Ukraine). Often people's deputies of Ukraine are referred to simply as deputies.

The main statutes that define the order of elections, rights and duties of the people's deputies of Ukraine are outlined in Articles 76–81 of the Constitution of Ukraine. There are 450 people's deputies of Ukraine who are elected based on the general, equal and direct electoral right for five years. The deputies may be appointed to various parliamentary positions such as the chairperson (speaker) of parliament, a head of a committee or a parliamentary faction, etc. Upon its appointment, to the office, each people's deputy of Ukraine receives a deputy mandate.

People's deputies that run for parliament as self-nominated candidates can join factions if they wish.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Member of parliament


text:
Thomas Bulfinch

Thomas Bulfinch (July 15, 1796 – May 27, 1867 ) was an American author born in Newton, Massachusetts, known best for Bulfinch's Mythology, a posthumous combination of his three volumes of mythologies.

Life
Bulfinch belonged to a well-educated merchant family of modest means. His father was Charles Bulfinch, the architect of the Massachusetts State House in Boston and parts of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.

Bulfinch attended Boston Latin School, Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1814. His main career was with the Merchants' Bank of Boston.

Bulfinch's Mythology
Bulfinch published a reorganized version of the biblical book of Psalms to illustrate the history of the Hebrews. However, he is known best as the author of Bulfinch's Mythology, an 1881 compilation of his three previous works:

 * 1) The Age of Fable, or Stories of Gods and Heroes (1855)
 * 2) The Age of Chivalry, or Legends of King Arthur (1858)
 * 3) Legends of Charlemagne, or Romance of the Middle Ages (1863)

Bulfinch's Mythology is a classic work of popularized mythology, the standard for more than a century and still in print. The compilation, assembled posthumously by Edward Everett Hale, includes various stories belonging to the mythological traditions known as the Matter of Rome, the Matter of Britain and the Matter of France, respectively. Bulfinch wrote in his preface:

"Our work is not for the learned, nor for the theologian, nor for the philosopher, but for the reader of English literature, of either sex, who wishes to comprehend the allusions so frequently made by public speakers, lecturers, essayists, and poets, and those which occur in polite conversation."

The original volume was dedicated to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Bulfinch described it on the title page as an "attempt to popularize mythology and extend the enjoyment of elegant literature". In his preface he outlined his purpose, which was

 * "an attempt to solve this problem, by telling the stories of mythology in such a manner as to make them a source of amusement. We have endeavored to tell them correctly, according to the ancient authorities, so that when the reader finds them referred to he may not be at a loss to recognize the reference. Thus we hope to teach mythology not as a study, but as a relaxation from study; to give our work the charm of a story-book, yet by means of it to impart a knowledge of an important branch of education. The index at the end will adapt it to the purposes of a reference, and make it a Classical Dictionary for the parlor."

His obituary noted that the contents were "expurgated of all that would be offensive".

The versions Bulfinch gives for the classical myths are those in Ovid and Virgil. His Norse myths are abridged from a work by Paul Henri Mallet (1730–1807), a professor at Geneva, translated by Bishop Thomas Percy as Northern Antiquities (London, 1770, often reprinted).

Bulfinch's versions of these myths are still being taught in many American public schools. Marie Sally Cleary, in The Bulfinch Solution: Teaching the Ancient Classics in American Schools (1990), describes the book in the context of "democratizing" classical culture for a wider American antebellum readership. The Bulfinch retellings were largely superseded in American high schools by Edith Hamilton's works on mythology, which were based directly on classical Greek texts.

title: Thomas Bulfinch