text:
Ticonderoga, New York

Ticonderoga is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 5,042 at the 2010 census. The name comes from the Mohawk tekontaró:ken, meaning "it is at the junction of two waterways".

The Town of Ticonderoga is in the southeastern corner of the county and is south of Plattsburgh.

History
In the 17th century, French explorers such as Samuel de Champlain encountered the area.

The town was on the direct route, utilizing rivers and two long lakes, between New York City to the south and the French settlement of Montreal to the north. The town was the setting for historic battles and maneuvers during both the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. Fort Ticonderoga, constructed by the French, who called it Fort Carillon, in the 1750s, marked the location of an important portage between the two lakes, George and Champlain.

The Town of Ticonderoga was formed in 1804 from part of the town of Crown Point. By the end of the 18th century, the town was noted for wood products such as paper and lead pencils. The position of the now former Ticonderoga village at the north end of Lake George made it an important port. The village was dissolved on December 31, 1993, after a public referendum, its operations were absorbed by the Town of Ticonderoga.

As early as 1812, Ticonderoga was the site of graphite mining. Commercial mining of graphite began in 1832, though logging remained the chief Industry. Graphite was not widely used in the 19th century, as most writing was done in pen, rather than pencil. It was not until the mid-20th century that pencils came into greater use, with the No. 2 HB pencil becoming the standard writing implement in schools and universities. The iconic Dixon Ticonderoga pencil was named after the graphite that was mined and processed in Ticonderoga.

Historic Fort Ticonderoga is in this town, east of the former village of Ticonderoga.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 229.1 km2, of which 210.9 km2 is land and 18.2 km2, or 7.93%, is water.

The town encompasses both the northern end of Lake George and a portion of Lake Champlain near its southern end. The short, but rapidly flowing, La Chute River connects the two lakes. The eastern town line is the border of Vermont, and the southern town boundary is the county line of Warren and Washington counties.

New York State Route 9N is a north–south highway. Another north–south highway, New York State Route 22, is partly conjoined with NY-9N in the town. New York State Route 74, an east–west highway, intersects NY-9N/NY-22 near Ticonderoga.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,042 people, 2,028 households, and 1,352 families residing in the town. The population density was 63.2 PD/sqmi. There were 2,581 housing units at an average density of 31.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.08% White, 0.46% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population.

There were 2,028 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,160, and the median income for a family was $41,992. Males had a median income of $35,896 versus $21,441 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,418. About 10.5% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
The H.G. Burleigh House was built in 1894 and is a Queen Anne-style building with Colonial Revival features. It was originally owned by U.S. Congressman Henry G. Burleigh and has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988.

A museum called the Star Trek Original Series Set Tour is in Ticonderoga, on Montcalm Street. It has been, and continues to be, visited by cast members of the show and of its spin-off and movies. The museum was opened by James Cawley, who financed it with his earnings as an Elvis impersonator, after he inherited a copy of the original set blueprints from a costume designer on the show.

In addition to the Burleigh House, the Amherst Avenue Historic District, Black Watch Library, Central School, Clark House, Community Building, Clayton H. Delano House, Crandall Marine Railway, Ferris House, Fort Ticonderoga, Frazier Bridge, Gilligan and Stevens Block, Hancock House, Lake George Avenue Historic District, Liberty Monument, Silas B. Moore Gristmill, NYS Armory, Pad Factory, Ticonderoga High School, Ticonderoga National Bank, Ticonderoga Pulp and Paper Company Office, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rail transportation
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Ticonderoga, operating its Adirondack daily in both directions between Montreal and New York City.

Notable people

 * Henry G. Burleigh, congressman from New York
 * James Cawley, actor and filmmaker
 * Grace Hudowalski, ninth person and first woman to climb all 46 of the Adirondack High Peaks, born in Ticonderoga
 * Charles Quigg, Wisconsin physician and legislator, born in Ticonderoga
 * John A. Rice, Wisconsin physician and legislator, born in Ticonderoga
 * Jarrod Sammis, Vermont state representative

Communities and locations in the Town of Ticonderoga

 * Baldwin – A hamlet on the western shore of Lake George on County Road 5, southwest of Ticonderoga hamlet.
 * Black Point – The eastern shore of Lake George.
 * Chilson – A sparsely populated location near the town's geographic center on NY-74
 * Eagle Lake – A lake at the northern town line, bordered by NY-74 on the south side.
 * Fort Ticonderoga – The historic fort that figured in two colonial wars.
 * Fort Ticonderoga Station – A location southeast of Ticonderoga hamlet on the eastern side of Mount Defiance. Location of former passenger railroad station; the modern Amtrak station is on NY-74, approximately one mile east of the Ticonderoga hamlet.
 * Mount Defiance – An elevation (853 ft above sea level) on the southern side of Ticonderoga hamlet that overlooks Fort Ticonderoga.
 * Putnam Pond – A small lake in the western part of Ticonderoga.
 * Street Road – Location in the northern end of town, situated around NY-9N.
 * Ticonderoga – A hamlet and census-designated place in the southeastern part of the town, on the La Chute River.
 * Ticonderoga Muni (4B6) – A general aviation airport north of Ticonderoga hamlet.
 * Wright- small area in the southeastern corner of Ticonderoga, bordering Putnam Station in Washington County.

title: Ticonderoga, New York


text:
Westport, New York

Westport is a town in Essex County, New York, United States overlooking Lake Champlain. The population was 1,312 at the 2010 census.

The town is on the eastern border of the county and is 41 mi south of Plattsburgh and 103 mi south of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Westport is inside the Adirondack Park.

Westport is the birthplace of the Adirondack chair.

The Essex County Fair is held in the town. The Essex County Fairgrounds was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Early history
In 1642, Jesuit missionary Isaac Jogues was tortured by Iroquois at Coles Bay. He survived and was eventually saved by merchants from New Amsterdam.

The town was founded by William Gilliland in 1764 who surveyed an area in the southern part of the town and was granted 2300 acre; he also established the neighboring towns of Elizabethtown, named for his wife, and Willsboro. Gilliland originally called his patent "Bessboro" after his little daughter. The original settlement, which may have supplied wood to Benedict Arnold's troops, was completely destroyed during the American Revolutionary War in connection with British General John Burgoyne's march from Canada to Saratoga. The first permanent settlement was in 1785.

Incorporation
The town of Westport was established in 1815 from part of the town of Elizabethtown. The community of Westport in the center of town incorporated as a village in 1907. The community abandoned its status as an incorporated village on December 31, 1992.

Westport the resort
By the mid-nineteenth century, Westport was a fashionable resort town. Its social scene was regularly reported on in The New York Times and by the Boston press. Like many other East Coast resorts, its popularity gradually declined, starting in the 1930s, as first automobiles and then airplanes made possible a wider selection of vacation sites. Since the 1950s, however, Westport's lakeshore property has steadily increased in value. Although once most of the "summer people" stayed for weeks, now distinctions are not as clear: there are "year-round summer people" whose livelihood stems from outside Westport, weekenders whose principal residence is fairly close by (for example, Albany, which is two hours distant by car), and commuters to workplaces as distant as Plattsburgh, New York, or Middlebury, Vermont.

Westport is home to Camp Dudley, YMCA, the oldest summer camp in continuous operation in the United States, founded in 1885 by Sumner F. Dudley, who moved to Westport in 1891. Meadowmount, the summer school for string players founded by Ivan Galamian, is 8 mi northwest of the center of town, in the town of Lewis. Westport is known as the ice fishing capital of Essex County.

Westport is home to one of the only two professional theatres in the Adirondacks proper, the second being Pendragon Theatre in Saranac Lake. The Depot Theatre was founded in 1979 and operates out of the historic Amtrak railway station. The 136-seat, air-conditioned theatre hosts plays and musicals on its main stage during the summer months, as well as an annual gala.

The Camp Dudley Road Historic District, Champlain II Shipwreck, Essex County Fairgrounds, First Congregational and Presbyterian Society Church of Westport, Lake View Grange No. 970, and Vergennes canal boat are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 173.0 km2, of which 150.7 km2 is land and 22.4 km2, or 12.93%, is water.

The eastern town line is formed by Lake Champlain and the border of Vermont. The town is inside the Adirondack Park.

New York State Route 9N, New York State Route 22, and County Route 44 are north-south highways in Westport. NY-9N and NY-22 become conjoined in Westport village. Interstate 87, the Northway, passes across the northwestern part of Westport, with access from Exit 31 (NY-9N).

Birding
Several sites on the Lake Champlain Birding Trail are located in Westport:
 * Coon Mountain Preserve (administered by The Nature Conservancy)
 * Webb Royce Swamp
 * Westport Boat Launch

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,362 people, 593 households, and 381 families residing in the town. (Note that since the census excludes summer residents, the figures in this section are for year-round residents only.) The population density was 23.3 people per square mile (9.0/km2). There were 887 housing units at an average density of 15.2 per square mile (5.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.7% White, 0.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 593 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,000, and the median income for a family was $49,917. Males had a median income of $31,042 versus $26,550 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,063. About 5.2% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Westport is served by the Bouquet Valley Central School. The Westport Central School merged with the Elizabethtown-Lewis Central School in 2019; high school students from Westport, Elizabethtown, and Lewis were relocated to the former Elizabethtown-Lewis School building, while elementary students moved into the former Westport campus. The new school district mascot is a Griffin (a combination of the previous two mascots of Lion and Eagle). Westport also has a branch of the Cornell University Cooperative Extension and is the mailing address of the Meadowmount School of Music (see above). Additionally, the Depot Theatre (above) runs a summer apprentice program for children ranging from elementary school to high school age.

Public transport
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Westport, operating its Adirondack daily in both directions between Montreal and New York City. A bus connection is available from Westport to Lake Placid. The Amtrak station also houses the Depot Theatre.

On August 28, 2006, at approximately 6:45 p.m. local time, a Greyhound bus traveling from New York City to Montreal overturned on the Adirondack Northway in Westport after suffering a blown tire, killing five and injuring 48.

Access to medical care
Westport is in a rural area in the Adirondack Park, and so most of its access to medical care is via the ferry operated by Lake Champlain Transportation Company. The nearest emergency department is Elizabethtown Community Hospital, a 25-bed rural hospital 9 mi to the west, with eight doctors on its active medical staff. About 30 mi by car to the northeast in Burlington, accessible via ferry, is the emergency department of University of Vermont Medical Center, a large, full-service hospital affiliated with the University of Vermont. During times when the ferry from Essex is not running, the nearest full-service emergency department is at CVPH Medical Center, in Plattsburgh, 41 mi north of Westport. Slightly closer, though a slower drive over rural roads, is Porter Hospital in Middlebury, Vermont, accessible via the bridge at Crown Point.

Elizabethtown Community Hospital operates a small satellite clinic in Westport.

Notable people
Some notable Westport residents, past and present, include:
 * Asa Aikens, Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
 * Edward Cornell (b. 1944), artist, painter, and theater director
 * John T. Cutting (1844–1911), congressman from California
 * Walter Damrosch (1862–1950), conductor of the New York Symphony Orchestra and music director of NBC Radio
 * Dorothy DeLay (1917–2002), violin teacher, primarily at Juilliard, Meadowmount, and the Aspen Music Festival and School
 * Ben Goldwasser (b. 1982), keyboardist for indie rock act MGMT
 * David G. Hartwell (1941–2016), science fiction editor for Tor Books
 * William Higby (1813–1887), congressman from California
 * Henry Lee Higginson (1834–1919), founder of the Boston Symphony Orchestra
 * John Kneller (1916-2009), English-American professor and fifth President of Brooklyn College
 * Anne LaBastille (1935–2011), author and naturalist
 * Alice Lee (civic leader) (1853–1943), businesswoman, owner of the Westport Inn at the end of the 1800s.
 * Jeannette Augustus Marks (1875–1964), American professor at Mount Holyoke College
 * Nathan Myrick (1822–1903), founder of La Crosse, Wisconsin
 * John Eugene Osborne (1858–1943), governor of Wyoming and United States Assistant Secretary of State
 * Case Patten (1874–1935), professional baseball player
 * Cynthia Schira (b. 1934), textile artist
 * William Wallace Barbour Sheldon (1836–1914), architectural engineer and pioneer of California
 * Robert E. Sherwood (1896–1955), playwright, editor, and screenwriter
 * Sally J. Smith, artist and former watercolorist
 * Joseph Champlin Stone (1829–1902), congressman from Iowa
 * Alexander "Sandy" Treadwell (b. 1946), American politician
 * Mary Emma Woolley (1863–1947), president of Mount Holyoke College from 1900 to 1937

Inhabited locations

 * Wadhams (formerly "Wadhams Mills" and "The Falls") – a hamlet just north of Westport on NY Route 22 at the junction of County Roads 8 and 10. Wadhams has its own free public library, volunteer fire department, and a hydroelectric dam on the Boquet River. All of these can be seen while standing on the bridge next to the Wadhams Free Library. Wadhams is best known locally for its farmers' market and Dogwood Bread Co. (formerly called Merrick's). The farmers' market takes place in front of the bakery. Wadhams is also known for its annual Strawberry Festival.
 * Westport – The hamlet of Westport, formerly a village between 1907 and 1992. The community is located on the shore of Lake Champlain on NY-9N at the junction of NY-22.

Geographical locations

 * Barber Point – A projection into Lake Champlain south of Bluff Point.
 * Black River – A stream forming part of the western town line.
 * Bluff Point – A projection into Lake Champlain, south of Westport village.
 * Cole's Bay – A small bay of Lake Champlain, south of Northwest Bay.
 * Furnace Point – A projection into North West Bay, north of Westport village.
 * Hoisington Brook – A stream entering Lake Champlain at Westport village.
 * Moore Point – A projection into Lake Champlain, south of Barber Point.
 * Nichols Pond – A small lake near the western town line.
 * North West Bay – A bay of Lake Champlain by Westport village.
 * Split Rock Mountain – An elevation at the boundary between Westport and the town of Essex, known for its rattlesnake population.
 * Stacy Brook – A stream entering Lake Champlain at Cole's Bay.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Westport, New York


text:
Willsboro, New York

Willsboro is a town in Essex County, New York, United States, and lies 30 mi south of the city of Plattsburgh. As of the 2020 census, the town's population was 1,905. The town is named after early landowner William Gilliland.

History
During the American Revolution, British troops under John Burgoyne camped on the Bouquet River.

The region was first settled by Europeans in 1765 by William Gilliland. Originally called "Milltown" by its founder (for the sawmill he located on the falls of the Bouquet River, located in the center of the town), it was renamed "Willsborough" (subsequently shortened to "Willsboro") shortly after the Revolutionary War, in honor of the founder.

The town has always had a thriving agricultural and tourism tradition, though the Industrial Revolution made its mark on the community as well. Through much of its history, Willsboro's main employer was a paper mill (which produced the wood pulp used in the manufacture of paper). A blue limestone quarry was also an important industry locally. The stone quarried from this mine was utilized in the construction of the Albany State Capitol and the Brooklyn Bridge.

One of the noted residents was the paper manufacturer Augustus G. Paine, Jr., who resided in Willsboro for a portion of the year, when he was not in New York, since his large business was located in Willsboro. He commissioned the architect C. P. H. Gilbert to construct the Essex County Bank in 1921. In May 1930, Paine donated a whole library to the town of Willsboro, in memory of his mother, in the sum of $150,000. Both the bank and the library were constructed by Gilbert in the Neoclassical style.

Paine also had Flat Rock Camp, his summer retreat on the shores of Lake Champlain, constructed for his family.

After the Second World War, the paper industry started to decline, and when the paper mill closed in the 1960s the town faced economic difficulties. In order to compensate for the loss, the community relied heavily on tourist dollars, focusing on the scenic landscape, lake frontage, and lush wilderness the area offered visitors. Recently, new industries have moved to the town, most notably a wollastonite mine, curtain and furniture manufacturers, and numerous web-based service companies. Willsboro is also becoming a bedroom community for the city of Plattsburgh to the north.

The Adsit Log House, Abraham Aiken House, Flat Rock Camp, Ligonier Point Historic District, Sheldon–Owens Farm, Willsboro Congregational Church, and The Willsboro School are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 190.1 km2, of which 110.7 km2 is land and 79.4 km2, or 41.80%, is water.

The eastern town line, marked by Lake Champlain, is the border of Vermont. The Boquet River enters Lake Champlain in the town, east of Willsboro village.

New York State Route 22 is a north–south highway which passes through Willsboro.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,903 people, 803 households, and 549 families residing in the town. The population density was 44.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,468 housing units at an average density of 34.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.42% White, 0.26% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.26% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.

There were 803 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together; 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,715, and the median income for a family was $40,272. Males had a median income of $30,244 versus $20,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,209. About 3.8% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Sophie Clarke, winner of Survivor: South Pacific
 * Hugh Pool, master blues musician and record producer

Communities and locations in Willsboro

 * Farrell Point – A projection into the southern end of Willsboro Bay.
 * Hatch Point – The northernmost part of the town, on the northern tip of Willsboro Point.
 * Highland Forge Lake – A lake by the northern town line, north of Long Pond.
 * Jones Point/Flat Rock Point – A projection into Lake Champlain, northeast of Willsboro village.
 * Long Pond – A pond near the northern town line.
 * Pok-O-Maccready; A local summer camp which has been in existence since 1904 and is the oldest family run camp in the United States.
 * Reber – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town, on County Road 14.
 * Willsboro – The hamlet of Willsboro is in the eastern part of the town on NY-22, near the point where the Boquet River enters Lake Champlain. It is also a resort community.
 * Willsboro Bay – A bay of Lake Champlain between Willsboro Point and the mainland.
 * Willsboro Point – A peninsula in Lake Champlain.
 * Willsboro Point – A hamlet on the eastern shore of Willsboro Point on County Road 27. Edgewater Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

title: Willsboro, New York


text:
Wilmington, New York

Wilmington is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,253 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the nearby town of Wilmington, Vermont.

Wilmington is on the county's northern border and is southwest of Plattsburgh. It is in the Whiteface region of the Adirondack Park.

History
The town was first settled circa 1812.

The town was formed in 1821 from the town of Jay. At that time, the town was called "Dansville". In 1822, the name was changed, as suggested by a settler from Vermont, to "Wilmington" due to confusion with another "Dansville" in New York. In 1848, part of the town was partitioned off to form the town of St. Armand.

In the beginning of the 20th century, the tourist industry began to develop in the town. "Santa's Workshop", one of the first American theme parks for children, is located part way up the Whiteface Mountain Memorial Highway and was awarded its own Post Office—North Pole, New York. Whiteface Mountain (4,865 feet) Ski Center was the site of alpine events for the 1980 Winter Olympics.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 169.0 km2, of which 169.0 km2 is land and 0.6 km2, or 0.36%, is water.

The northern town line is the border of Clinton County. At the northwestern corner is the corresponding corner of Franklin County.

The West Branch of the Ausable River flows northeastward through the center of the town.

New York State Route 431, an east–west highway known as Whiteface Mountain Memorial Highway, intersects New York State Route 86, a north–south highway, in Wilmington village.

Demographics
At the 2020 census, there were 843 people and 417 households residing in the town. The population density was 17.4 people per square mile (6.7/km2). There were 616 housing units at an average density of 11.3 per square mile (4.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.59% White, 0.09% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.

There were 460 households, of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.01.

27.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The median household income was $34,432 and the median family income was $43,077. Males had a median income of $27,604 and females $21,328. The per capita income was $18,052. About 6.6% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Wilmington

 * Haselton – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town on County Road 12 and the Ausable River.
 * High Falls Gorge – A location on NY 86, south of Wilmington village.
 * North Pole – A community and theme park (Santa's Workshop) northwest of Wilmington village on NY 431.
 * Wilmington – The hamlet of Wilmington is at the junction of Routes NY-86 and NY-431 and the Au Sable River, near the town's center. The community is a resort and skiing center.

title: Wilmington, New York


text:
Bangor, New York

Bangor is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 2,231 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Bangor in Wales.

It is an interior town of the county, located west of Malone.

History
Settlement commenced around 1806. The town of Bangor was organized from the town of Dickinson in 1812. The town lost some territory upon the later foundation of the town of Brandon in 1828.

Geography
The town of Bangor is in northwestern Franklin County, bordered by Fort Covington and Westville to the north, Malone to the east, Brandon to the south, Dickinson at Bangor's southwestern corner, Moira to the west, and Bombay at Bangor's northwestern corner.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Bangor has a total area of 111.7 km2, all land. The town is drained by the Little Salmon River and its tributaries, all part of the Saint Lawrence River watershed.

U.S. Route 11 and New York State Route 11B are important east-west highways across the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,147 people, 776 households, and 585 families residing in the town. The population density was 49.8 PD/sqmi. There were 841 housing units at an average density of 19.5 per square mile (7.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.00% White, 0.37% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.12% of the population.

There were 776 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,033, and the median income for a family was $35,708. Males had a median income of $26,802 versus $21,597 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,679. About 14.1% of families and 18.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Robert N. Chamberlain (July 24, 1856 – September 20, 1917), lawyer who served as the Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and as the Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court
 * Sile Doty (August 30, 1800 – March 12, 1876), infamous robber, burglar, horse thief, highwayman, counterfeiter, and criminal gang leader
 * Harding Lemay (March 16, 1922 – May 26, 2018), also known as Pete Lemay, was an American screenwriter and playwright best known for his stint as head writer of the soap opera Another World

Communities and locations in Bangor

 * Baconville – A former community in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Bangor – The hamlet of Bangor is in the southern section of the town at the junction of NY-11B and County Road 13.
 * Bangor Station – A location northwest of North Bangor, located on County Road 11.
 * Cooks Corners – A hamlet near the northern town line at the junction of County Roads 3 and 32.
 * North Bangor – North Bangor was incorporated as a village in 1914, but later abandoned that status. It is located on US-11 at County Road 53.
 * West Bangor – A hamlet west of Bangor village on NY-11B at Count Road 10. It was formerly called "Pottersville".

title: Bangor, New York


text:
Bellmont, New York

Bellmont is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The town is on the eastern border of the county and is southeast of Malone. The population was 1,434 at the 2010 census. The town is named after William Bell, a major landowner in the early history of the town.

History
Due to the slow development of northern New York state, a homestead act was passed by the legislature in 1822 to grant plots of land to settlers. The town had few settlers before that date.

The town of Bellmont was organized in 1833 from the town of Chateaugay. Additional land was attached to Bellmont from Chateaugay in 1838.

Early attempts to extract lumber from the forests met little success due to the high cost of transportation. Mining and smelting iron became a more successful activity until the deposits diminished.

William Bell, who came to Chateaugay Lake around 1783, sold 50 acre to Samuel C. Drew, of Gilmanton, New Hampshire, who came to the area about 1816 and settled on the west shore of the Lower Lake. Although there were no regular settlers at that time there was a hunter's shanty near the site of the present Banner House, and Drew lived in the shanty while clearing the land and building on the west shore.

The first child born to parents of the Chateaugay Lake region was William Henry Drew, born in 1819.

Soon a large number of people followed the Drews from Gilmanton and took up land around the Lower Lake. Smith Bunker located on Bunker Hill about 1820 and gave it his name. Elias Beman, whose brother was a Revolutionary soldier in the army of General Washington, and Enoch Merrill settled on the east side of Bunker Hill, and Paul, his brother, on the west side of the Lake.

Jonathan Bellows, from South Charlestown, New Hampshire, settled here about 1820, being a direct descendant of John Bellows who was registered on the ship Hopewell from London in 1635.

At the close of the Papineau Rebellion in 1837, a group of English officers summered with Mr. Bellows on the Lower Lake, marking the probable beginning of the "summer resort" phase of this region. Bellows had a hotel called the Lake House, which by that time had grown to substantial proportions. Among those who came here for recreation purposes were A. F. Tait and Chester Harding, the artists. Here Tait had a studio and painted works such as Arguing the Point, in which there is an excellent portrait of Jonathan Bellows. Many of these pictures were lithographed by Currier and Ives. Among other famous guests were Dr. Bethums, a cousin of James Russell Lowell, and Mr. Ashman, chairman of the convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln.

In 1892, the Lake House was purchased by J. S. Kirby who changed the name to "Banner House". Following his death the place was operated by F. W. Adams.

The first sawmill was built by Gates Hoit in 1828 at the outlet of the lower lake near the present dam. The mill was soon purchased by John B. Jackson, who later erected a larger mill on the west shore.

In 1874, Pope, William & Company built a forge at what was then Moffits. The iron ore was brought down from Lyon Mountain mostly by barges and was of unusual quality. Most of it went into the manufacture of Bessemer steel and was much sought after by steel manufacturers. In 1880 a new company was formed with a capital of $1,500,000. They enlarged the forge to sixteen fires, making the largest "Catalan" forge in the world. This forge and its sixteen fires consumed annually 37,500 cords of wood, which made 1,500,000 bushels of charcoal. This forge operation lasted until 1893.

Among other places where ore was found was one above the hotel owned by Lewis Bellows. He and Edgar Keeler, of Chateaugay, operated a mine back of the hotel for a year and took out about a thousand tons of ore. The mine was finally abandoned owing to the large amount of sulfur found in the ore.

Another mine was located on land owned by Alanson Roberts. He built a separator on Thurber Brook, where he separated some amount of ore. Later another separator was built near Lewis Bellows house, but finally both were abandoned. The shaft of the old Bellows mine still exists and is a point of interest to its present-day tourists.

Chateaugay Lake has always drawn those interested in fishing and hunting; the region abounded in speckled and rainbow trout as well as deer and bear. Among those who came to hunt or fish and built cottages on the lakes were Geraldine Farrar, the singer, as well as Jack Clifford and Evelyn Nesbitt Thaw. Seth Thomas of clock fame built a beautiful cottage with a high tower containing a huge three-sided clock, which could be seen for miles around.

During the early days, long before the advent of automobiles, there was a stage route from Chateaugay to the Banner House landing. From here a small steamer— first the Adirondack and later the Emma— made regular trips up through the Narrows and around the Upper Lake, stopping at every dock to deliver mail and supplies. The arrival of this little steamer was the high spot in the day's activities at all the camps. People felt a personal responsibility in meeting the boat and getting the latest news. The stage that came from Chateaugay was also an "institution", and Pratt Hill, the driver, was well known throughout the area.

Soon the coming of private launches in large numbers made the regular streamer trips unnecessary, and they were abandoned. Most of the campers then kept boats or launches at the M. S. Bellows boat shop and from there went the rest of the way by water. Soon roads began to improve and again a change in the matter of boats. Campers now took the new road up along the lakeshore and stopped near their camps. This made the need for launches much less, and they soon dwindled in number.

Cottages have so increased that there is almost no unoccupied space on the east side of the lower lake, and shorefront values climb higher and higher each year.

The First Union Protestant Church of Mountain View was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Notable person

 * Smith Mead Weed, attorney, businessman, and member of the New York State Assembly.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 432.9 km2, of which 425.1 km2 is land and 7.8 km2, or 1.81%, is water.

The eastern town line is the border of Clinton County. The southern section of the town is inside the Adirondack Park.

New York State Route 190 intersects New York State Route 374 in the northeastern corner of the town at Brainardsville.

The Châteauguay River flows northward from Lower Chateaugay Lake, which is at the eastern town line. Lower Chateaugay Lake is connected to Upper Chateaugay Lake, in Clinton County, by the Chateaugay Narrows.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,423 people, 573 households, and 395 families residing in the town. The population density was 8.7 people per square mile (3.3/km2). There were 1,261 housing units at an average density of 7.7 per square mile (3.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.68% White, 0.07% African American, 0.84% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.28% of the population.

There were 573 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,417, and the median income for a family was $35,852. Males had a median income of $32,750 versus $19,879 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,542. About 6.3% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Bellmont

 * Bellmont Center – A hamlet by the northern town line by the junction of County Roads 24 and 33.
 * Brainardsville (briefly known as "Crompville") – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town at the junction of NY-190, NY-374, and County Road 24.
 * Bryants Mill – A hamlet in the southern part of the town, south of Mountain View.
 * Camp Chateaugay – A summer lake camp on Upper Chateaugay Lake.
 * Chateaugay Lake (aka Weeds, aka Moffits, aka Popeville, aka The Forge) – A former "boom town" near the northern end of Lower Chateaugay Lake and one of the early communities in the town, now abandoned.
 * Indian Lake – A small lake in the southwestern section of the town.
 * Middle Kilns – A location in the southeastern part of the town, northeast of Wolf Pond.
 * Mountain View (formerly "State Dam") – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town on County Road 27 and west of Indian Lake.
 * Owls Head – A hamlet in the southwestern section of the town on County Road 27.
 * Porcaville – A location in the southwestern corner of the town on County Road 27.
 * Ragged Lake – A small lake east of Indian Lake, once the site of a tourist hotel.
 * Upper Kilns – A location in the southeastern part of the town.
 * Wolf Pond – A hamlet in the southern part of the town, near the town line, and southeast of Mountain View and Bryants Mill.

title: Bellmont, New York


text:
Bombay, New York

Bombay is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 1,357 at the 2010 census. The town was named after a major port city in India, now known as Mumbai, by an early landowner whose wife was from Byculla.

Bombay is in the northwestern part of Franklin County.

History
Bombay is named for the wife of Michael Hogan, an Irish ship captain who grew wealthy in the East India trade. He came to the US in 1805 with his wife, whom Hogan said was an Indian princess.

Hogan bought 20000 acre north of the Adirondack Mountains, including the Town of Bombay, which was named in honour of his wife's birthplace. Their son, William Hogan, served as town supervisor, and was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1822. In 1829 he was appointed as a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Franklin County, and in 1830 he was elected to Congress.

Settlement of the town began around 1805. The region was known as Macomb's Purchase, related to a massive purchase by a land speculator when New York first put up former Iroquois lands for sale. The town of Bombay was organized from part of the town of Fort Covington in 1833.

In 1877, the town was devastated by a plague of grasshoppers, which consumed more than half of the field crops.

Geography
The town is in northwestern Franklin County, approximately 5 mi south of the Canada–United States border. The town's neighbors are the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation to the northwest, the town of Fort Covington to the northeast and east, Bangor at the southeastern corner, Moira to the south, and the town of Brasher in St. Lawrence County to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Bombay has a total area of 92.9 km2, of which 92.6 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.35%, is water. The St. Regis River, a tributary of the St. Lawrence River, forms the northwestern border of the town. The Little Salmon River meanders from the south to the north through the central part of Bombay.

New York State Route 95 is a north/south route, linking New York State Route 37 in the north at Bradley's Corners with the town of Moira in the south, where Route 95 ends at U.S. Route 11. New York State Route 37 is an east/west state highway through Bombay and the Mohawk Reservation, leading west to Massena and east to Fort Covington. New York State Route 37C intersects NY-37 at Hogansburg in the northwestern corner of Bombay and leads south to Helena.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,192 people, 483 households, and 327 families residing in the town. The population density was 33.3 PD/sqmi. There were 562 housing units at an average density of 15.7 per square mile (6.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 82.89% White, 0.42% African American, 14.85% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.50% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.

There were 483 households. Out of these, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,000, and the median income for a family was $34,375. Males had a median income of $27,273 versus $26,029 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,710. About 16.4% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Bombay

 * Bombay – A hamlet in the center of the town on NY-95 near the junction of County Roads 1 and 4.
 * Hogansburg – A hamlet in the northwestern corner of the town at NY-37 on the bank of the St. Regis River. It was formerly called "St. Regis Mills" and "Grays Mills".
 * Pike Creek – a stream flowing north to the St. Lawrence River.
 * South Bombay – A hamlet near the southern town line on County Road 32.

title: Bombay, New York


text:
Brandon, New York

Brandon is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. It is centrally located in the county, southwest of Malone. The town population was 577 at the 2010 census. It was named after Brandon, Vermont, by early settlers.

History
The town was settled by pioneers from Vermont. The town of Brandon was organized in 1828 from the town of Bangor. Subsequently, the town lost much of its area in the formation of the towns of Harrietstown and Santa Clara.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brandon has a total area of 107.02 km2, of which 106.85 km2 is land and 0.17 km2, or 0.16%, is water.

The southern town line borders the Adirondack Park.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 542 people, 195 households, and 150 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.1 people per square mile (5.1/km2). There were 309 housing units at an average density of 7.5 per square mile (2.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.94% White, 0.18% African American, 1.66% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.74% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.

There were 195 households, out of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 15.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,500, and the median income for a family was $27,361. Males had a median income of $30,809 versus $21,053 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,663. About 16.4% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 20.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Brandon

 * Brandon Center – A hamlet in the northern part of the town. It is located at the junction of Town House Road and French Road.
 * Deer River – A stream flowing past Reynoldston; part of the St. Regis River watershed.
 * Reynoldston – A hamlet on County Road 15 (Reynoldston Road) in the western part of the town. The name is from members of the Reynolds family who operated the Reynolds Mill and Logging operations from 1870 to 1925 and were prominent in the community development. The community is documented by a website that discusses life in the community from 1870 to 1970 and the role of the Reynolds Bros.
 * Salmon River – A stream flowing northward on the east side of Brandon; flows north to the St. Lawrence River in Canada.
 * Skerry – A hamlet east of Brandon Center at the junction of County Roads 12 and 13.

title: Brandon, New York


text:
Brighton, Franklin County, New York

Brighton is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 1,435 at the 2010 census. It was named after Brighton, England, by early surveyors in the region.

The town is in the southern part of the county and is inside the Adirondack Park. Paul Smith's College is in the community of Paul Smiths, a hamlet of Brighton.

History
The Town of Brighton was set aside from the town of Duane in 1858 when settlers living in southern Duane complained loudly enough about being left out of town business discussions due to the long distance and time involved. James M. Wardner was elected its first supervisor. Apollos "Paul" Smith arrived in 1859 and gradually built up a hotel in the community that bears his name. Paul Smith's Hotel grew into one of the largest and most well-known, attracting U.S. presidents, governors and other prominent guests.

After Paul Smith's death in 1912, it was run by his son, Phelps Smith, until it burned down in 1930. Paul Smith's College was established in 1937 after the death of Phelps Smith; it matriculated its first class in 1946. The college now uses the land where the hotel once stood along Lower St. Regis Lake. Also around that time James Wardner had a small hotel on Rainbow Lake.

The hamlet now called Gabriels originated when Alfonzo Rand, William Ricketson, the Dustins, and the Otises cleared virgin forest land and began farming the sandy loam soils in the southern part of the town along the boundary with the Town of Harrietstown near Ricketson Brook and today's Split Rock Road. It wasn't until the Adirondack & St. Lawrence Railway came in 1892 that Gabriels expanded northward with many settling near the railroad station. Following the arrival of the railroad, the Sisters of Mercy established a tuberculosis sanitorium on the small hill near the rail station in 1897. Around the same time, Muncil's sawmill was established on a siding north of the station. Paul Smith's Hotel immediately started a stage line to the railroad station. When the Sisters of Mercy closed The Gabriels Sanatorium and moved to Lake Placid, the San was sold to Paul Smith's College. Still later, it was sold to New York State which converted it into Camp Gabriels, a minimum-security state prison, which closed in 2009.

The Brighton Town Hall was designed and built by Benjamin A. Muncil in 1914. Muncil was a talented local builder who also designed and built Marjorie Merriweather Post's Camp Topridge, and White Pine Camp, which was used as a summer White House of US President Calvin Coolidge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Geography
Brighton is located south of the center of Franklin County within the limits of the Adirondack Forest Preserve. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 215.0 km2, of which 201.7 km2 is land and 13.2 km2, or 6.15%, is water. The majority of the town consists of woodlands, lakes, streams and ponds (both publicly and privately owned), with a few areas of developed hamlets and farmland (privately owned). Major water bodies include Upper and Lower St. Regis Lake in the southwest corner of town.

New York State Route 30 is a north-south highway in the town and intersects New York State Route 86 at Paul Smiths. NY 30 leads north 32 mi to Malone, the Franklin County seat, and southwest 26 mi to Tupper Lake. NY 86 leads southeast 12 mi to Saranac Lake.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,682 people, 319 households, and 203 families residing in the town. The population density was 21.6 people per square mile (8.3/km2). There were 591 housing units at an average density of 7.6 per square mile (2.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 79.37% White, 18.55% African American, 0.65% Native American, 1.19% Asian, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48% of the population.

There were 319 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 11.7% under the age of 18, 37.5% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 215.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 246.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,679, and the median income for a family was $48,250. Males had a median income of $35,952 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,995. About 3.0% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Brighton

 * Gabriels – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town, located on NY-86 at the junction of County Road 30, the site of Camp Gabriels, a former minimum security state prison, which closed in 2009.
 * Lower St. Regis Lake – A lake south of Paul Smiths where Paul Smith's College is located.
 * Meacham Lake – A lake partly in the town at the northern town line.
 * Osgood Pond – A lake northeast of Paul Smiths.
 * Paul Smiths – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on NY-30.
 * Rainbow Lake – (1) A hamlet near the eastern town line, north of Gabriels on County Road 60, and (2) A lake at the eastern town boundary, near the community of Rainbow Lake.  Rainbow Lake flows into the North Branch of the Saranac River.
 * Spitfire Lake – A lake south of Lower St. Regis Lake.
 * Upper St. Regis Lake – A lake at the southern town line.

title: Brighton, Franklin County, New York


text:
Brushton, New York

Brushton is a village in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 474 at the 2010 census. The village is named after Henry Brush, a land owner.

Brushton is located in the town of Moira and is west of Malone, the county seat.

History
The village took its name from Brush's Mills, which were located on the Little Salmon River. The mills were purchased by Mr. Henry N. Brush in 1835, and the hamlet was officially named "Brushton" on October 1, 1877.

From Frederick Seaver's Historical Sketches of Franklin County, NY (1918), p. 519: "The industrial enterprises of Moira were never numerous or large. The community is distinctively agricultural, but with two small unincorporated villages -- Brushton and Moira. Each is a station on the Rutland Railroad, and each is on an improved trunk-line highway. Almost with the first settlement in the town, Appleton Foote, as the agent of Gilchrist and Fowler, erected a saw mill at what is now Brushton, and a grist mill there in the year following, which was displaced by the present stone mill in 1823, built by Robert Watts, and later improved and enlarged by Henry N. Brush."

And Seaver, p. 518: "Henry N. Brush located at Brush's Mills (now Brushton) in 1835. He was a man of finished education, an engaging public speaker, and a man of strong parts. ... His holdings of land were large, and the business and industrial development of the eastern part of Moira were due largely to his activities. He died in 1872."

Brush's son, Henry Corbin Brush, was born in Brush's Mills in 1838 and was the inventor of the Brush Trolling Spoon shallow-running submersible fishing lure.

Geography
Brushton is located in the eastern part of the town of Moira at 44.83083°N, -74.51444°W (44.830736, -74.514341), in northwestern Franklin County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.72 km2, all land.

Brushton is located on U.S. Route 11 (Washington Street) at the junction of County Road 8 (Fay-Brushton Road/Farm-To-Market Rd.). On US-11, the community of Moira is 2 mi to the west, and North Bangor is 5.5 mi to the east. Malone is 11 mi to the east on US-11.

The Little Salmon River flows northward through the village. Via the Salmon River, its waters flow to the St. Lawrence River, just across the Canada–US border in Quebec.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 479 people, 213 households, and 119 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,727.2 PD/sqmi. There were 250 housing units at an average density of 901.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.33% White, 0.42% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.42% Asian, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.25% of the population. This works out to be 471 Whites, two African Americans, one Native American, two Asians, and six Hispanics or Latinos. There were 213 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.7% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $18,750, and the median income for a family was $29,722. Males had a median income of $29,219 versus $17,292 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,674. About 13.4% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Brushton, New York


text:
Constable, New York

Constable is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. (There is also a hamlet in the county with the same name.)

The population was 1,566 at the 2010 census. The town is named after William Constable, a member of the syndicate of original land owners. The town is in the northern part of the county, along the Canada–United States border north of Malone.

History
The town of Constable was founded in 1807 from part of the town of Malone. Its territory was reduced later to form other towns: Fort Covington (1817) and Westville (1829). An early business opportunity involved "line stores", constructed so part of the shop was in Canada and the other end in the United States, allowing subtle shifting of merchandise across the border without the inconvenience of customs duties.

In June 2015, the town received national attention as David Sweat and Richard Matt, escaped convicts from the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York, were the subject of a three-week manhunt in the area. Matt was shot and killed in the nearby town of Malone, while Sweat remained on the run until June 28 when he was captured in Constable, two miles away from the Canada–U.S. border.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 85.0 km2, of which 0.03 sqkm, or 0.04%, is water.

The northern town line is the international border between the United States and Canada and is the border of Quebec.

New York State Route 122 is an east-west highway in the town. New York State Route 30 intersects NY-122 at Constable village and leads south to the village of Malone.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,428 people, 533 households, and 390 families residing in the town. The population density was 43.5 PD/sqmi. There were 607 housing units at an average density of 18.5 per square mile (7.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.55% White, 0.07% African American, 1.47% Native American, 0.07% Asian, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.14% of the population.

There were 533 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,029, and the median income for a family was $36,488. Males had a median income of $27,955 versus $21,354 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,149. About 12.3% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Constable

 * Constable – A hamlet near the center of the town on Route 30 at the junction with NY-122.
 * Trout River – A stream flowing northward across the border into Canada, flowing past both Constable village and the community of Trout River.
 * Trout River – A hamlet on the border of Canada at the junction of NY-30 and County Road 20. The community is a port of entry and has a similarly named community across the border in Quebec.

title: Constable, New York


text:
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York

Dickinson is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 823 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Philemon Dickinson, a brigadier general of the New Jersey militia during the American Revolutionary War.

Dickinson is on the western border of Franklin County, southwest of Malone and east of Potsdam.

History
The name originally proposed for the area was "Annastown", after the daughter of a local landowner; but another influential landowner, Jonathan Dayton, prevailed in naming the town after his friend and fellow member of congress Philemon Dickinson.

The town of Dickinson was formed from the town of Malone in 1809. In 1812, part of Dickinson was used to form the town of Bangor. The creation of the towns of Moira in 1828 and Waverly in 1880 cost Dickinson more territory.

In 1843, conversions to the Mormon religion and migration westward took place in the town, due to relatives of a Mormon apostle living there.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 114.8 km2, of which 114.5 km2 is land and 0.2 km2, or 0.20%, is water.

The western town line is the border of St. Lawrence County. The town is located along the northern edge of the Adirondacks.

New York State Route 11B is an east-west highway.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 739 people, 293 households, and 217 families residing in the town. The population density was 16.7 people per square mile (6.4/km2). There were 424 housing units at an average density of 9.6 per square mile (3.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.56% White, 0.41% African American, 1.22% Native American, 0.14% Asian, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population.

There were 293 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,711, and the median income for a family was $34,875. Males had a median income of $27,083 versus $22,039 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,701. About 11.2% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Dickinson

 * Alburg – A hamlet on the northern town line, west of Irish Corners.
 * Deer River – A stream flowing out the western town line.
 * Dickinson – A hamlet on NY-11B at the junction of County Road 5. It was formerly called Harwoods Corners.
 * Dickinson Center – A hamlet south of Dickinson on County Road 5. Located near Dickinson Center is the Hastings Farmstead, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
 * East Dickinson – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town on NY-11B.
 * Irish Corners – A hamlet on the northern town line.

Notable person

 * Rufus E. Brown, Vermont Attorney General

title: Dickinson, Franklin County, New York


text:
1998 FIFA World Cup

The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the football world championship for men's national teams. The finals tournament was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. The country was chosen as the host nation by FIFA for the second time in the history of the tournament (the first was in 1938), defeating Morocco in the bidding process. It was the ninth time that it was held in Europe. Spanning 32 days, it was the longest World Cup tournament ever held.

Qualification for the finals began in March 1996 and concluded in November 1997. For the first time in the competition, the group stage was expanded from 24 teams to 32, with eight groups of four. 64 matches were played in 10 stadiums in 10 host cities, with the opening match and final staged at the newly built Stade de France in the Parisian commune of Saint-Denis.

The tournament was won by host country France, who beat defending champions Brazil 3–0 in the final. France won their first title, becoming the seventh nation to win a World Cup, and the sixth (after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina) to win the World Cup on home soil. As of 2022, they are the most recent team to win the tournament on home soil. Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa made their first appearances in the finals.

Host selection
France was awarded the 1998 World Cup on 2 July 1992 by the executive committee of FIFA during a general meeting in Zürich, Switzerland. They defeated Morocco by 12 votes to 7. Switzerland withdrew, due to being unable to meet FIFA's requirements. This made France the third country to host two World Cups, after Mexico and Italy in 1986 and 1990 respectively. France previously hosted the third edition of the World Cup in 1938. England, who hosted the competition in 1966 and won it, were among the original applicants, but later withdrew their application in favour of an ultimately successful bid to host UEFA Euro 1996.

Bribery and corruption investigations
On 4 June 2015, while co-operating with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, Chuck Blazer confirmed that he and other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed during the 1998 and 2010 World Cups host selection process. Blazer stated that "we facilitated bribes in conjunction with the selection of the host nation for the 1998 World Cup". Since France won the selection process it was initially thought the bribery came from its bid committee. It eventually transpired that the bribe payment was from the failed Moroccan bid.

Qualification
The qualification draw for the 1998 World Cup finals took place in the Musée du Louvre, Paris on 12 December 1995. As tournament hosts, France was exempt from the draw as was defending champion Brazil, but it was also France's first World Cup since 1986. 174 teams from six confederations participated, 24 more than in the previous round. Fourteen countries qualified from the European zone (in addition to hosts France). Ten were determined after group play – nine group winners and the best second-placed team; the other eight group runners-up were drawn into pairs of four play-off matches with the winners qualifying for the finals as well. CONMEBOL (South America) and CAF (Africa) were each given five spots in the final tournament, while three spots were contested between 30 CONCACAF members in the North and Central America and the Caribbean zone. The winner of the Oceanian zone advanced to an intercontinental play-off against the runner-up of the Asian play-off, determined by the two best second-placed teams.

Four nations qualified for the first time: Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa. The last team to qualify was Iran by virtue of beating Australia in a two-legged tie on 29 November 1997. It marked their first appearance in the finals since 1978, the last time Tunisia also qualified for the tournament. Chile qualified for the first time since 1982, after serving a ban that saw them miss out on the two previous tournaments. Paraguay and Denmark returned for the first time since 1986. Austria, England, Scotland and Yugoslavia returned after missing out on the 1994 tournament, with the Balkan team now appearing under the name of FR Yugoslavia. Among the teams who failed to qualify were two-time winners Uruguay (for the second successive tournament); Portugal (their last absence as of 2022); Sweden, who finished third in 1994; Russia (who failed to qualify for the first time since 1978 after losing to Italy in the play-off round); and the Republic of Ireland, who had qualified for the previous two tournaments. The highest-ranked team not to qualify was the UEFA Euro 1996 runners-up the Czech Republic (ranked 3rd), while the lowest-ranked team that did qualify was Nigeria (ranked 74th).

As of 2022, this was the last time Austria, Bulgaria, Norway, Romania and Scotland qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals, and the only time Jamaica have qualified.

List of qualified teams
The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings, qualified for the final tournament.

 * AFC (4)
 * 🇮🇷 iran (42)
 * 🇯🇵 japan (debut) (12)
 * 🇸🇦 saudi arabia (34)
 * 🇰🇷 south korea (20)
 * CAF (5)
 * 🇨🇲 cameroon (49)
 * 🇲🇦 morocco (13)
 * 🇳🇬 nigeria (74)
 * (debut) (24)
 * 🇹🇳 tunisia (21)
 * OFC (0)
 * None qualified

 * CONCACAF (3)
 * 🇯🇲 jamaica (debut) (30)
 * 🇲🇽 mexico (4)
 * 🇺🇸 united states (11)
 * CONMEBOL (5)
 * 🇦🇷 argentina (6)
 * 🇧🇷 brazil (holders) (1)
 * (9)
 * 🇨🇴 colombia (10)
 * (29)

 * UEFA (15)
 * 🇦🇹 austria (31)
 * 🇧🇪 belgium (36)
 * 🇧🇬 bulgaria (35)
 * (debut) (19)
 * (27)
 * 🏴 england (5)
 * 🇫🇷 france (18) (hosts)
 * 🇩🇪 germany (2)
 * 🇮🇹 italy (14)
 * (25)
 * 🇳🇴 norway (7)
 * 🇷🇴 romania (22)
 * (41)
 * 🇪🇸 spain (15)
 * FR Yugoslavia (8)

Venues
France's bid to host the World Cup centered on a national stadium with 80,000 seats and nine other stadiums located across the country. When the finals were originally awarded in July 1992, none of the regional club grounds were of a capacity meeting FIFA's requirements – namely being able to safely seat 40,000. The proposed national stadium, colloquially referred to as the 'Grand stade', met with controversy at every stage of planning; the stadium's location was determined by politics, finance and national symbolism. As Mayor of Paris, Jacques Chirac successfully negotiated a deal with Prime Minister Édouard Balladur to bring the Stade de France, as it was now called, to the commune of Saint-Denis just north of the capital city. Construction on the stadium started in December 1995 and was completed after 26 months of work in November 1997 at a cost of ₣2.67 billion.

The choice of stadium locations was drafted from an original list of 14 cities. FIFA and CFO monitored the progress and quality of preparations, culminating in the former providing final checks of the grounds weeks before the tournament commenced. Montpellier was the surprise inclusion from the final list of cities because of its low urban hierarchy in comparison to Strasbourg, who boasted a better hierarchy and success from its local football team, having been taken over by a consortium. Montpellier however was considered ambitious by the selecting panel to host World Cup matches. The local city and regional authorities in particular had invested heavily into football the previous two decades and were able to measure economic effects, in terms of jobs as early as in 1997. Some of the venues used for this tournament were also used for the previous World Cup in France in 1938. The Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, the Stade Municipal in Toulouse, the Gerland in Lyon, the Parc Lescure in Bordeaux and the Parc des Princes in Paris received the honour of hosting World Cup matches once again in 1998 as they had all done in 1938.

10 stadiums were used for the finals; in addition to nine matches being played at the Stade de France (the most used stadium in the tournament), a further six matches took place in Paris Saint-Germain's Parc des Princes, bringing Paris's total matches hosted to 15. France played four of their seven matches in the national stadium; they also played in the country's second and third largest cities, Marseille (hosting 7 total matches) and Lyon (hosting 6 total matches), as well as a Round of 16 knockout match in the northern city of Lens (also hosting 6 total matches). Nantes, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Montpellier and Saint-Etienne also hosted 6 matches in total; all of the stadiums used also hosted knockout round matches.

Technologies
This was the first FIFA World Cup where fourth officials used electronic boards, instead of cardboard.

Rule changes
This was the first World Cup since the introduction of golden goals, banning of tackles from behind that endanger the safety of an opponent and allowance of three substitutions per game.

Match officials
34 referees and 33 assistants officiated in the 1998 World Cup. As a result of the extension to 32 teams in the finals, there was an increase of 10 referees and 11 officials from the 1994 World Cup.

 * CAF (5)
 * Said Belqola
 * Gamal Al-Ghandour
 * Lucien Bouchardeau
 * Lim Kee Chong
 * Ian McLeod

 * AFC (4)
 * Abdul Rahman Al-Zaid
 * Ali Bujsaim
 * Masayoshi Okada
 * Pirom Un-Prasert

 * UEFA (15)
 * Marc Batta
 * Günter Benkö
 * Pierluigi Collina
 * Hugh Dallas
 * Paul Durkin
 * José María García-Aranda
 * Bernd Heynemann
 * Nikolai Levnikov
 * Urs Meier
 * Vítor Melo Pereira
 * Kim Milton Nielsen
 * Rune Pedersen
 * László Vágner
 * Mario van der Ende
 * Ryszard Wójcik

 * CONCACAF (3)
 * Esfandiar Baharmast
 * Arturo Brizio Carter
 * Ramesh Ramdhan

 * OFC (1)
 * Eddie Lennie

 * CONMEBOL (6)
 * Javier Castrilli
 * Epifanio González
 * Márcio Rezende de Freitas
 * Mario Sánchez Yanten
 * Alberto Tejada Noriega
 * John Toro Rendón

Draw
The FIFA Organising Committee  announced the eight seeded teams on 3 December 1997. The historic tradition to seed the hosts (France) and holders (Brazil) was upheld; while the remaining six seeds were granted for the other top7-ranked teams, based on their results obtained in the last three FIFA World Cups (ratio 3:2:1, counting in total 60%) and their FIFA World Ranking position in the last month of the past three years (equal ratio, counting in total 40%).

For the draw, the 32 teams were allocated into four pots. The eight top-seeded teams were allocated in pot A and would be drawn/selected into the first position of the eight groups playing in the group stage. The remaining 24 unseeded teams were allocated into three pots based on geographical sections, with the: Nine European teams in pot B; four Asian teams and three South American teams in pot C; five African teams and three North American teams in pot D.

The general principle was to draw one team from each pot into the eight groups, although with special combined procedures for pot B and pot C, due to comprising more/less than eight teams - but sixteen teams in total. At the same time, the draw also needed to respect the geographical limitation, that each group could not feature more than one team from each confederation, except for the European teams where the limitation was maximum two per group.

For the first time in history, the draw event took place in a football stadium, with 38,000 spectators and an estimated 1 billion TV viewers. The draw was officiated by FIFA secretary general Sepp Blatter. Teams were drawn by football legends Franz Beckenbauer, Carlos Alberto Parreira, George Weah and Raymond Kopa.
 * The draw took place at Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, and was televised live on 4 December 1997: FIFA World Cup Draw on BBC Sport.

Organiser Michel Platini, who later became president of UEFA, admitted in 2018 that the draw for the group stage of the competition had been fixed so that France and Brazil were kept apart until the final, telling France Bleu Sport: "We did a bit of trickery. When we were organising the schedule. We did not spend six years organising the World Cup to not do some little shenanigans".

The statement from Platini referred to the fact that, shortly before the World Cup finals draw took place, the FIFA Organising Committee had met to finalise the draw process. At this meeting, the committee had approved the proposal to assign host nation France to group position C1 and defending champions Brazil to group position A1 ahead of the draw. As the tournament structure was also predetermined so that the winners of Groups A, D, E and H, and the runners-up of Groups B, C, F and G would be kept apart from the group winners of B, C, F and G, and the runners-up of Group A, D, E and H until the final; thus, France and Brazil could avoid meeting each other until the final if both teams finished in the same position in the top two of their respective groups.

Procedure for the draw:
 * 1) Pot A was used to draw the remaining six top-seeded teams for the first position of groups B, D, E, F, G and H.
 * 2) Pot D was used to draw one team to each of the eight groups (drawing in the alphabetic order from A to H).
 * 3) Pot B was used to draw one team to each of the eight groups (drawing in the alphabetic order from A to H).
 * 4) As per the FIFA rule of only allowing a maximum of two UEFA teams in each group, the remaining ninth team from Pot B, was subject to a second draw, to be put in either of the groups containing a top-seeded South American (CONMEBOL) team.
 * 5) Pot C was used to draw one team to each of the seven groups with an empty spot (drawing in alphabetical order from A to H). However, as each group could only contain one South American (CONMEBOL) team, the first Asian (AFC) team drawn would not be drawn into a group in alphabetical order, but instead be drawn into the remaining open group with a top-seeded South American (CONMEBOL) team.
 * 6) To decide the match schedules, the exact group position number for the un-seeded teams in each group (2, 3 or 4), were also drawn immediately from eight special group bowls, after each respective team had been drawn from pot D, B and C.

Draw results and group fixtures
The draw resulted in the following eight groups:

In each group, the teams played three matches, one against each of the other teams. Three points were awarded for each win, while a draw was worth one point. After completion of the group stage, the two teams with the most points in each group would advance to the knockout stage, with each group winner facing the runner-up from one of the other groups in the round of 16. This was a new format for the World Cup, following the expansion from 24 teams in 1994. A total of 64 games were played, including the final and a third-place play-off between the losers of the two semi-finals.

The fixtures for the group stage were decided based on the draw results, as follows:

Squads
As with the preceding tournament, each team's squad for the 1998 World Cup finals consisted of 22 players. Each participating national association had to confirm their final 22-player squad by 1 June 1998.

Out of the 704 players participating in the 1998 World Cup, 447 were signed up with a European club; 90 in Asia, 67 in South America, 61 in Northern and Central America and 37 in Africa. 75 played their club football in England – five more than Italy and Spain. Barcelona of Spain was the club contributing to the most players in the tournament with 13 players on their side.

The average age of all teams was 27 years, 8 months – five months older than the previous tournament. Samuel Eto'o of Cameroon was the youngest player selected in the competition at 17 years, 3 months, while the oldest was Jim Leighton of Scotland at 39 years, 11 months.

Group stage

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

Group A
Defending champions Brazil won Group A after only two matches as the nation achieved victories over Scotland (2–1) and Morocco (3–0). Heading into the third game, Brazil had nothing to play for but still started its regulars against Norway, who was looking to upset Brazil once again. Needing a victory, Norway overturned a 1–0 deficit with 7 minutes remaining to defeat Brazil 2–1, with Kjetil Rekdal scoring the winning penalty to send Norway into the knockout stage for the first time.

Norway's victory denied Morocco a chance at the Round of 16, despite winning 3–0 against Scotland. It was only Morocco's second ever victory at a World Cup, having recorded its first previous win 12 years earlier on 11 June 1986.

Scotland managed only one point, coming in a 1–1 draw against Norway, and failed to get out of the first round for an eighth time in the FIFA World Cup, a record that stands to this date.

Group B
Italy and Chile progressed to the second round, while Austria failed to win for the first time since 1958 and Cameroon failed to get out of the group stage for the second time in a row.

Group C
France, the host nation, swept Group C when the start of their path to their first FIFA World Cup trophy culminated with their 2–1 win over Denmark, who despite their loss, progressed to the second round. Saudi Arabia, after a good performance four years earlier, finished bottom with only one point. Debutant South Africa grabbed two points and also exited at the group stage.

Group D
Nigeria and Paraguay advanced to the Round of 16 after a surprise elimination of top seed Spain, while Bulgaria failed to repeat their surprise performance from the previous tournament.

Group E
The Netherlands and Mexico advanced with the same record, with the former placing first on goal difference. Belgium and eventual 2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosts South Korea failed to advance.

Group F
Germany and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia advanced, each with 7 points (Germany took 1st through goal differential tiebreak). Iran and 1994 host United States failed to advance.

Group G
Romania topped the group over England, while Colombia and Tunisia were unable to reach the last 16, despite Colombia having one win.

Group H
Argentina finished at the top of Group H against three debutants. Croatia took the runners-up spot while Jamaica and Japan failed to advance.

Knockout stage
The knockout stage comprised the 16 teams that advanced from the group stage of the tournament. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by 30 minutes of extra time; if scores were still level, there was a penalty shoot-out to determine who progressed to the next round. The Golden goal rule was also used, whereby if a team scored during extra time, they would immediately win the game.

Third place play-off
Croatia beat the Netherlands to earn third place in the competition. Davor Šuker scored the winner in the 36th minute to secure the golden boot.

Final
The final was held on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. France defeated holders Brazil 3–0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane and a stoppage time strike from Emmanuel Petit. The win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the second-heaviest World Cup defeat on Brazil, later to be topped by Brazil's 7–1 defeat by Germany in the semi-finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off. He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender Thuram before sending a cross out on the left side that goalkeeper Fabien Barthez struggled to hold onto. France however took the lead after Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos conceded a corner from which Zidane scored via a header. Three minutes before half-time, Zidane scored his second goal of the match, similarly another header from a corner. The tournament hosts went down to ten men in the 68th minute as Marcel Desailly was sent off for a second bookable offence. Brazil reacted to this by making an attacking substitution and although they applied pressure France sealed the win with a third goal: substitute Patrick Vieira set up his club teammate Petit in a counterattack to shoot low past goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.

French president Jacques Chirac was in attendance to congratulate the winners and commiserate the runners-up after the match. Several days after the victory, winning manager Aimé Jacquet announced his resignation from the French team with immediate effect.

Goalscorers
Davor Šuker received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 171 goals were scored by 112 players:

 * 6 goals
 * Davor Šuker

 * 5 goals
 * 🇦🇷 Gabriel Batistuta
 * 🇮🇹 Christian Vieri

 * 4 goals
 * 🇧🇷 Ronaldo
 * Marcelo Salas
 * 🇲🇽 Luis Hernández

 * 3 goals

 * 🇧🇷 Bebeto
 * 🇧🇷 César Sampaio
 * 🇧🇷 Rivaldo
 * 🇫🇷 Thierry Henry
 * 🇩🇪 Oliver Bierhoff
 * 🇩🇪 Jürgen Klinsmann
 * Dennis Bergkamp

 * 2 goals

 * 🇦🇷 Ariel Ortega
 * 🇧🇪 Marc Wilmots
 * Robert Prosinečki
 * Brian Laudrup
 * 🏴 Michael Owen
 * 🏴 Alan Shearer
 * 🇫🇷 Emmanuel Petit
 * 🇫🇷 Lilian Thuram
 * 🇫🇷 Zinedine Zidane
 * 🇮🇹 Roberto Baggio
 * 🇯🇲 Theodore Whitmore
 * 🇲🇽 Ricardo Peláez
 * 🇲🇦 Salaheddine Bassir
 * 🇲🇦 Abdeljalil Hadda
 * Phillip Cocu
 * Ronald de Boer
 * Patrick Kluivert
 * 🇷🇴 Viorel Moldovan
 * Shaun Bartlett
 * 🇪🇸 Fernando Hierro
 * 🇪🇸 Fernando Morientes
 * Slobodan Komljenović

 * 1 goal

 * 🇦🇷 Claudio López
 * 🇦🇷 Mauricio Pineda
 * 🇦🇷 Javier Zanetti
 * 🇦🇹 Andreas Herzog
 * 🇦🇹 Toni Polster
 * 🇦🇹 Ivica Vastić
 * 🇧🇪 Luc Nilis
 * 🇧🇬 Emil Kostadinov
 * 🇨🇲 Patrick M'Boma
 * 🇨🇲 Pierre Njanka
 * José Luis Sierra
 * 🇨🇴 Léider Preciado
 * Robert Jarni
 * Mario Stanić
 * Goran Vlaović
 * Thomas Helveg
 * Martin Jørgensen
 * Michael Laudrup
 * Peter Møller
 * Allan Nielsen
 * Marc Rieper
 * Ebbe Sand
 * 🏴 Darren Anderton
 * 🏴 David Beckham
 * 🏴 Paul Scholes
 * 🇫🇷 Laurent Blanc
 * 🇫🇷 Youri Djorkaeff
 * 🇫🇷 Christophe Dugarry
 * 🇫🇷 Bixente Lizarazu
 * 🇫🇷 David Trezeguet
 * 🇩🇪 Andreas Möller
 * 🇮🇷 Mehdi Mahdavikia
 * 🇮🇷 Hamid Estili
 * 🇮🇹 Luigi Di Biagio
 * 🇯🇲 Robbie Earle
 * 🇯🇵 Masashi Nakayama
 * 🇲🇽 Cuauhtémoc Blanco
 * 🇲🇽 Alberto García Aspe
 * 🇲🇦 Mustapha Hadji
 * Edgar Davids
 * Marc Overmars
 * Pierre van Hooijdonk
 * Boudewijn Zenden
 * 🇳🇬 Mutiu Adepoju
 * 🇳🇬 Tijani Babangida
 * 🇳🇬 Victor Ikpeba
 * 🇳🇬 Sunday Oliseh
 * 🇳🇬 Wilson Oruma
 * 🇳🇴 Dan Eggen
 * 🇳🇴 Håvard Flo
 * 🇳🇴 Tore André Flo
 * 🇳🇴 Kjetil Rekdal
 * Celso Ayala
 * Miguel Ángel Benítez
 * José Cardozo
 * 🇷🇴 Adrian Ilie
 * 🇷🇴 Dan Petrescu
 * Sami Al-Jaber
 * Yousuf Al-Thunayan
 * Craig Burley
 * John Collins
 * Benni McCarthy
 * 🇰🇷 Ha Seok-ju
 * 🇰🇷 Yoo Sang-chul
 * 🇪🇸 Kiko
 * 🇪🇸 Luis Enrique
 * 🇪🇸 Raúl
 * 🇹🇳 Skander Souayah
 * 🇺🇸 Brian McBride
 * Siniša Mihajlović
 * Predrag Mijatović
 * Dragan Stojković

 * Own goals

 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Bachev (against Spain)
 * 🇲🇦 Youssef Chippo (against Norway)
 * Tom Boyd (against Brazil)
 * Pierre Issa (against France)
 * 🇪🇸 Andoni Zubizarreta (against Nigeria)
 * Siniša Mihajlović (against Germany)

Players who were red-carded during the tournament

 * 🇦🇷 Ariel Ortega
 * 🇧🇪 Gert Verheyen
 * 🇧🇬 Anatoli Nankov
 * 🇨🇲 Raymond Kalla
 * 🇨🇲 Lauren
 * 🇨🇲 Rigobert Song
 * Miklos Molnar
 * Morten Wieghorst
 * 🏴 David Beckham
 * 🇫🇷 Laurent Blanc
 * 🇫🇷 Marcel Desailly
 * 🇫🇷 Zinedine Zidane
 * 🇩🇪 Christian Wörns
 * 🇯🇲 Darryl Powell
 * 🇰🇷 Ha Seok-ju
 * 🇲🇽 Pável Pardo
 * 🇲🇽 Ramón Ramírez
 * Patrick Kluivert
 * Arthur Numan
 * 🇸🇦 Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi
 * Craig Burley
 * Alfred Phiri

All-star team
The All-star team is a squad consisting of the 16 most impressive players at the 1998 World Cup, as selected by FIFA's Technical Study Group.

Final standings
After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 1998 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition and overall results.

Tournoi de France
A year before the tournament, a small, invitation-only tournament named the Tournoi de France was held in France, with Italy, Brazil, England, and hosts France participating.

Broadcasting
FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 1998 FIFA World Cup to many broadcasters. In the UK BBC and ITV had the broadcasting rights. The pictures and audio of the competition were supplied to the TV and radio channels by the company TVRS 98, the broadcaster of the tournament.

The World Cup matches were broadcast in 200 countries. 818 photographers were credited for the tournament. In every match, a stand was reserved for the press. The number of places granted to them reached its maximum in the final, when 1,750 reporters and 110 TV commentators were present in the stand.

Sponsorship
The sponsors of the 1998 FIFA World Cup are divided into two categories: FIFA World Cup Sponsors and France Supporters.

The absence of Budweiser on pitch side advertising hoardings is notable due to the Evin law, which forbids alcohol-related sponsorship in France, including in sports events.

Video games
In most of the world, the official video game was, World Cup 98 released by EA Sports on 13 March 1998 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and the Game Boy. It was the first international football game developed by Electronic Arts since obtaining the rights from FIFA in 1997 and received mostly favourable reviews.

In Japan, Konami was granted the FIFA World Cup licence and produced two distinct video games: Jikkyou World Soccer: World Cup France 98 by KCEO for the Nintendo 64, and World Soccer Jikkyou Winning Eleven 3: World Cup France '98 by KCET for the PlayStation. These games were released in the rest of the world as International Superstar Soccer '98 and International Superstar Soccer Pro '98, without the official FIFA World Cup licence, branding or real player names.

Also in Japan, Sega was granted the FIFA World Cup licence to produce the Saturn video game World Cup '98 France: Road to Win.

Many other video games, including World League Soccer 98, Actua Soccer 2 and Neo Geo Cup '98: The Road to the Victory were released in the buildup to the 1998 World Cup and evidently were based on the tournament. FIFA: Road to World Cup 98, also by EA Sports focused on the qualification stage.

Mascot
The official mascot was Footix, a rooster first presented in May 1996. It was created by graphic designer Fabrice Pialot and selected from a shortlist of five mascots. Research carried out about the choice of having a cockerel as a mascot was greatly received: 91% associated it immediately with France, the traditional symbol of the nation. Footix, the name chosen by French television viewers, is a portmanteau of "football" and the ending "-ix" from the popular Astérix comic strip. The mascot's colours reflect those of the host nation's flag and home strip – blue for the jump suit, a red crest and with the words 'France 98' coloured in white.

Match ball
The official match ball for the 1998 World Cup, manufactured by Adidas was named the Tricolore, meaning 'three-coloured' in French. It was the eighth World Cup match ball made for the tournament by the German company and was the first in the series to be multi-coloured. The tricolour flag and cockerel, traditional symbols of France, were used as inspiration for the design.

Music
The official song of the 1998 FIFA World Cup was "The Cup of Life", also known as "La Copa de la Vida", recorded by Ricky Martin.

The official anthem was "La Cour des Grands (Do You Mind If I Play)" by Youssou N'Dour and Axelle Red.

Legacy
Honorary FIFA President João Havelange praised France's hosting of the World Cup, describing the tournament as one that would "remain with me forever, as I am sure they will remain with everyone who witnessed this unforgettable competition". Lennart Johansson, the chairman of the organising committee for the World Cup and President of UEFA added that France provided "subject matter of a quality that made the world hold its breath".

Cour des Comptes, the quasi-judicial body of the French government, released its report on the organisation of the 1998 World Cup in 2000.

title: 1998 FIFA World Cup


text:
Duane, New York

Duane is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 174 at the 2010 census. The town is named after James Duane, a developer and grandson of New York City mayor James Duane.

The town of Duane is within the Adirondack Park at the geographic center of the county.

History
The town of Duane was formed in 1828 from part of the town of Malone. One of the first endeavors was the processing of iron ore. The town is named after James Duane, a proprietor and first colonizer.

The Meacham Lake Hotel was a popular tourist resort until it closed in 1921. The land was purchased by New York State and converted to a campground by the Civilian Conservation Corps.

Former New York State Route 99 was converted to County Road 26 in 1994. Gordon's Crossing is located at the intersection of old Rt. 99 and County Road 26.

The Duane Methodist Episcopal Church and Debar Pond Lodge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 202.0 km2, of which 194.1 km2 is land and 7.9 km2, or 3.89%, is water. The largest water body is Meacham Lake, in the southern part of town. Deer River Flow is located in the northwest. Most of the town is part of the Deer River watershed, a northward-flowing tributary of the St. Regis River, which flows to the St. Lawrence River in Canada. The eastern edge of the town is part of the Salmon River watershed, which flows north through Malone and then to the St. Lawrence in Canada.

New York State Route 30 is a north-south highway. New York State Route 458 intersects NY-30 at the southern town line, by Meacham Lake.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 159 people, 72 households, and 47 families residing in the town. The population density was 2.1 people per square mile (0.8/km2). There were 231 housing units at an average density of 3.1 per square mile (1.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.11% White, 0.63% Native American, 1.26% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of the population.

There were 72 households, out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.70. The name is that of James Duane.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.0% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 35.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $29,500 versus $21,458 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,130. About 10.2% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Duane

 * Clear Pond – A lake north of Meacham Lake.
 * Deer River – A stream flowing northward from the town.
 * Deer River Flow – A lake formed on the Deer River near the northern town line.
 * Duane Center – A hamlet in the north-central part of the town on County Road 26, west of NY-30.
 * Meacham Lake – A lake by the southern town line next to NY-30, named after Thomas Meacham.
 * Meacham Lake Campground – A public camping area at the northern end of Meacham Lake.
 * Debar Pond Lodge – A former Great Camp on Debar Pond.

Climate
The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Dfb" (Warm Summer Continental Climate).

title: Duane, New York