text:
Kingsburg, California

Kingsburg is a city in Fresno County, California. Kingsburg is located 5 mi southeast of Selma at an elevation of 302 ft, on the banks of the Kings River. The city is 21 mi from Fresno, and about 130 mi from the California Central Coast and Sierra Nevada mountain range. The population was 12,380 at the 2020 census.

History
Kingsburg was established as a railroad town, its site set by the Central Pacific Railroad when it completed the Valley Line in 1873. In the early 1870s, Swedish natives settled in a railroad town called "Kings River Switch". Kingsburg started out as a flag stop on the Central Pacific Railroad called Kings River Switch. In 1874 Kingsburg was called Wheatville and had a post office, later that year they changed the name to Kingsbury. During this time period, Josiah Draper and Andrew Farley each owned a quarter section, about 160 acres, Draper on the east side of the railroad tracks and Farley on the west side of the tracks. So it was suggested that the east side be called Drapersville and the west side called Farleyville. Two years after that it became Kingsburgh and in January 1894 took on its present spelling, "Kingsburg", which was finally established as a town in 1908. By 1921, ninety-four percent of the population within a three-mile radius of Kingsburg was Swedish-American, giving the community the nickname of "Little Sweden". To keep up with the town's Swedish history most retail businesses are designed in Swedish architecture.

Agriculture
For much of the town's history, the fields around Kingsburg were mostly grape vineyards which produce mainly raisins and table grapes; in 2002 a large surplus of raisins and grapes drove the price for these commodities down to an all-time low. Subsequently, farmers were forced to replant the fields with stone fruit, or (particularly on the west side of town) sell their land to developers to help cope with the rising population. Kingsburg was the headquarters of Sun-Maid Growers of California, a producer of raisins and other dried fruits. Fresno is the Corporate Headquarters. Kingsburg is home to the world's largest box of raisins, built by students at California State University, Fresno.

Swedish Festival
One of the notable landmarks in the community is the Kingsburg water tower, which is shaped like an antique Swedish coffee pot. The water tower was originally built in 1911 and was modified in 1985, inspired by a resident's visit to the similarly decorated water tower in Stanton, Iowa; the Kingsburg coffee pot water tower is 122 ft tall, lit at night, and visible from SR 99. The Kingsburg pot is slightly larger than the Stanton one, at 60000 and 50000 USgal, respectively; the Stanton pot was taken down from its tower in 2015 and preserved, as it had been superseded by a larger water tower in the late 1990s.

The Swedish immigrant heritage of the community is principally preserved with festivals. The Kingsburg Swedish Festival, which is one of the biggest and best known festivals that bring people in from all over the country, is held annually during the third weekend in May. Activities include a Swedish pancake breakfast, a parade and the coronation of the Swedish Festival Queen. Many booths, rides and activities are set up all along the side of Downtown Kingsburg's Draper Street. This festival, which has traditionally been held on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, was scheduled for only Saturday and Sunday in 2009 after the town's centennial due to the suffering economy, but in 2011, Thursday activities were added to the festival.

Geography
Kingsburg is located at 36.51389°N, -119.55389°W. Kingsburg is located in the central portion of the Central Valley of California. The town is two hours away from The Sierra Nevada Mountain range and the coast. It is about 3–4 hours away from Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Sacramento. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.8 sqmi, all of it land.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Kingsburg had a population of 11,382. The population density was 4,024.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Kingsburg was 8,576 (75.3%) White, 62 (0.5%) African American, 146 (1.3%) Native American, 383 (3.4%) Asian, 21 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,706 (15.0%) from other races, and 488 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,883 persons (42.9%).

The census reported that 11,300 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 82 (0.7%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,822 households, 1,671 (43.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,287 (59.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 474 (12.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 176 (4.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 186 (4.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 19 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 770 households (20.1%) were one person and 398 (10.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.96. There were 2,937 families (76.8% of households); the average family size was 3.41.

The age distribution was 3,368 people (29.6%) under the age of 18, 1,043 people (9.2%) aged 18 to 24, 2,899 people (25.5%) aged 25 to 44, 2,618 people (23.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,454 people (12.8%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.

There were 4,069 housing units at an average density of 1,438.7 /mi2,of which 3,822 were occupied, 2,536 (66.4%) by the owners and 1,286 (33.6%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.5%. 7,518 people (66.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,782 people (33.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 9,199 people in 3,226 households, including 2,458 families, in the city. The population density was 3,933.4 PD/sqmi. There were 3,358 housing units at an average density of 1,435.8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 71.93% White, 0.45% Black or African American, 0.67% Native American, 2.74% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 9.61% from other races, and 4.46% from two or more races. 34.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 28.6% were of Swedish, 21.7% German, 9.7% English and 5.4% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. Of the 3,226 households 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 21.3% of households were one person and 10.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.29.

The age distribution was 30.0% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median household income was $40,490 and the median family income was $44,737. Males had a median income of $35,452 versus $23,409 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,137. About 10.4% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

1920
In 1920, Armenians comprised 46% of the population of the town of Kingsburg, with 600 Armenian residents out of a total population of 1,316.

School system
Kingsburg Elementary schools operate on a charter school system. Kingsburg's elementary school system is unique in that all students in Kindergarten through 8th grades will all go to the same schools together. The school year starts during the later weeks of August. Washington Elementary serves as a Kindergarten only school. First grade is at Roosevelt Elementary. Second and Third grades are at Lincoln Elementary. Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth grades are at Ronald Reagan Elementary. Seventh and Eighth grades are at Rafer Johnson Junior High School. Kingsburg High School serves as the community high school, and its district is separate from that of the elementary school system. The elementary school district also operates Central Valley Home School which serves as a supplement to traditional home schooling.

Notable people

 * Andrew Vorhees, American football offensive guard for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at USC.
 * Tyler Bray, former quarterback for the University of Tennessee and NFL free agent quarterback
 * Marcus Cabello, 2003-2008 Fresno Fuego, Professional Soccer Player 2009 USL
 * Monte Clark, Monte Dale Clark was born in Kingsburg and was an American football player who served as head coach for two National Football League teams: the San Francisco 49ers and the Detroit Lions
 * Larry Hillblom, co-founder of DHL Worldwide Express
 * Jimmy Johnson, cornerback for the San Francisco 49ers
 * Rafer Johnson, Olympic gold-medal decathlete
 * Slim Pickens and Easy Pickens, Western film actors, born in Kingsburg
 * Kody Swanson, 2014, 2015 & 2017 United States Auto Club Silver Crown Series Champion
 * Jake Woods, former Major League Baseball player

title: Kingsburg, California


text:
Lanare, California

Lanare is a community and census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 589 at the 2010 census, up from 540 at the 2000 census. Lanare is located 24 mi south-southwest of Fresno, at an elevation of 207 feet (63 m). The name is derived from Llewellyn A. Nares, the community developer. Lanare is currently served by the Riverdale Post Office, zip code 93656, and students attend public school in Riverdale.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.0 sqmi, all of it land.

History
The name honors Llewellyn A. Nares, who owned the Rancho Laguna de Tache Mexican land grant. A post office operated at Lanare from 1912 to 1925. The Laton and Western Railway was built to Lanare in 1911.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Lanare had a population of 589. The population density was 291.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Lanare was 181 (30.7%) White, 57 (9.7%) African American, 5 (0.8%) Native American, 2 (0.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 300 (50.9%) from other races, and 44 (7.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 519 persons (88.1%).

The Census reported that 589 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 140 households, out of which 89 (63.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 83 (59.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 28 (20.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 15 (10.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 14 (10.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 11 households (7.9%) were made up of individuals, and 5 (3.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.21. There were 126 families (90.0% of all households); the average family size was 4.32.

The population was spread out, with 199 people (33.8%) under the age of 18, 62 people (10.5%) aged 18 to 24, 164 people (27.8%) aged 25 to 44, 115 people (19.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 49 people (8.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.4 males.

There were 147 housing units at an average density of 72.8 /sqmi, of which 140 were occupied, of which 87 (62.1%) were owner-occupied, and 53 (37.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.8%. 374 people (63.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 215 people (36.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 540 people, 126 households, and 105 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 272.2 PD/sqmi. There were 132 housing units at an average density of 66.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 25.56% White, 19.07% Black or African American, 0.93% Native American, 50.37% from other races, and 4.07% from two or more races. 76.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 126 households, out of which 46.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.9% were non-families. 11.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.29 and the average family size was 4.52.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 33.9% under the age of 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,375, and the median income for a family was $28,056. Males had a median income of $22,589 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,336. About 23.1% of families and 29.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.1% of those under age 18 and 32.8% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lanare, California


text:
Laton, California

Laton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,824 at the 2010 census, up from 1,236 at the 2000 census. Laton is located 23 mi south-southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 259 feet (79 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.9 sqmi, all of it land.

History
Laton's first post office opened in 1900, having been transferred from Lillis. The name honors Charles A. Laton, who owned the Rancho Laguna de Tache Mexican land grant.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Laton had a population of 1,967. The population density was 941.5 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Laton was 1,001 (54.9%) White, 4 (0.2%) African American, 13 (0.7%) Native American, 10 (0.5%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 744 (40.8%) from other races, and 52 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,393 persons (76.4%).

The Census reported that 1,824 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

Population in 2010: 1,824. Population change since 2000: +47.6% Males: 950 	 (52.1%) Females: 874 	 (47.9%)

Median resident age: 	 29.4 years California median age: 	 45.6 years

There were 474 households, out of which 254 (53.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 284 (59.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 86 (18.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 33 (7.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 20 (4.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 9 (1.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 59 households (12.4%) were made up of individuals, and 34 (7.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.85. There were 403 families (85.0% of all households); the average family size was 4.12.

The population was spread out, with 584 people (32.0%) under the age of 18, 211 people (11.6%) aged 18 to 24, 488 people (26.8%) aged 25 to 44, 380 people (20.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 161 people (8.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.7 males.

Estimated median household income in 2021: $28,000 (it was $35,408 in 2000) Laton:	$54,118 California:	$58,931 Estimated per capita income in 2009: $16,759

Hispanic - 1,393 (76.4%) White alone - 409 (22.4%) Two or more races - 9 (0.5%) American Indian alone - 5 (0.3%) Black alone - 3 (0.2%) Asian alone - 4 (0.2%) Other race alone - 1 (0.05%)

Number of households with income < $10k: Laton:	4.1% (12) State:	5.7% (695,403) Number of households with income $10–20k: Laton:	0.0% (0) State:	10.1% (1,232,937) Number of households with income $20–30k: Laton:	19.4% (56) State:	9.7% (1,186,065) Number of households with income $30–40k: Laton:	4.9% (14) State:	9.1% (1,108,669) Number of households with income $40–50k: Laton:	20.9% (60) State:	8.5% (1,039,666) Number of households with income $50–60k: Laton:	6.9% (20) State:	7.8% (948,345) Number of households with income $60–75k: Laton:	18.1% (52) California:	9.9% (1,206,377) Number of households with income $75–100k: Laton:	10.9% (31) California:	12.7% (1,547,756) Number of households with income $100–125k: Laton:	5.3% (15) State:	8.9% (1,085,712) Number of households with income $125–150k: Laton:	7.5% (22) State:	5.7% (693,943) Number of households with income $150–200k: Laton:	2.1% (6) State:	6.1% (748,264) Number of households with income > $200k: Laton:	0.0% (0) State:	5.9% (721,754)

Estimated median house or condo value in 2009: $153,079 (it was $78,600 in 2000) Laton:	$153,079 California:	$384,200 Mean prices in 2009: All housing units: $212,839; Detached houses: $213,299; Mobile homes: $195,202

There were 493 housing units at an average density of 254.5 /sqmi, of which 474 were occupied, of which 290 (61.2%) were owner-occupied, and 184 (38.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.6%. 1,017 people (55.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 807 people (44.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,236 people, 331 households, and 285 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 641.4 PD/sqmi. There were 340 housing units at an average density of 176.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 45.15% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 1.13% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 49.03% from other races, and 3.56% from two or more races. 68.85% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 331 households, out of which 49.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.6% were non-families. 10.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.72 and the average family size was 3.96.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.9% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,408, and the median income for a family was $34,688. Males had a median income of $25,125 versus $25,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,702. About 14.4% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.7% of those under age 18 and 19.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Laton, California


text:
Mendota, California

Mendota is a city in Fresno County, California. The population was 11,014 at the 2010 U.S. Census. CA State Routes 180 and 33 run through the agricultural city. Mendota is located 8.5 mi south-southeast of Firebaugh, at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total land area of 3.3 sqmi, over 99%. At the 2000 census, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total land area of 1.9 sqmi. It is located next to the San Joaquin River, near where the Delta-Mendota Canal intercepts it to bring extra water to the dry riverbed.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mendota has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

History
Beginning in 1891, Mendota thrived as a Southern Pacific Railroad storage and switching facility site. Southern Pacific management borrowed the name from Mendota, Illinois. The first post office opened in 1892. The city incorporated in 1942, and is mostly recognized for its immense production of cantaloupes. Consequently, the city of Mendota is identified as The Cantaloupe Center of the World. State water projects brought irrigation to the region, setting the stage for the tremendous growth of agriculture.

In 2007 a new Mendota Branch Library opened, part of the San Joaquin Valley Library System.

The city suffers from chronic unemployment averaging 20%. In 2009 a drought combined with a recession caused unemployment to surge above 40%. The unemployment was quoted at 45% in May 2011.

In 2019, USA Today named Mendota the "worst city in America" due to poverty, violent crime rate and high unemployment. However, some residents took issue with the ranking.

2010
At the 2010 census Mendota had a population of 11,014. The population density was 3,356.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Mendota was 5,823 White, 107 (1.0%) African American, 153 (1.4%) Native American, 82 (0.7%) Asian, 5 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 4,465 (40.5%) from other races, and 379 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10,643 persons (96.6%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 2,424 households, 1,583 (65.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,309 (54.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 457 (18.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 319 (13.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 303 (12.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 11 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 197 households (8.1%) were one person and 78 (3.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.54. There were 2,085 families (86.0% of households); the average family size was 4.49.

The age distribution was 3,731 people (33.9%) under the age of 18, 1,500 people (13.6%) aged 18 to 24, 3,432 people (31.2%) aged 25 to 44, 1,832 people (16.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 519 people (4.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 26.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.3 males.

There were 2,556 housing units at an average density of 778.9 /sqmi,of which 2,424 were occupied, 1,056 (43.6%) by the owners and 1,368 (56.4%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 5,075 people (46.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,939 people (53.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 7,890 people in 1,825 households, including 1,545 families, in the city. The population density was 1,629.1/km$2$ (4,229.4/mi2). There were 1,878 housing units at an average density of 387.8/km$2$ (1,006.7/mi2). The racial makeup of the city was 27.33% White, 0.66% Black or African American, 1.31% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 63.12% from other races, and 6.70% from two or more races. 94.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 1,825 households 53.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 16.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.3% were non-families. 9.1% of households were one person and 3.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 4.32 and the average family size was 4.38.

The age distribution was 33.9% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 14.7% from 45 to 64, and 5.2% 65 or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 130.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 142.0 males.

The median household income was $23,705 and the median family income was $22,984. Males had a median income of $17,500 versus $21,319 for females. The per capita income for the city was $6,967. About 35.2% of families and 41.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.4% of those under age 18 and 16.6% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Mendota has 1,827 registered voters, and has the lowest percentage of "decline to state" voters in California. 7.6% of voters are "decline to state" while 69.1% are registered Democrats and 17.9% are registered Republican.

Education
The Mendota Unified School District is the school district serving Mendota.

 * Mendota High School
 * Mendota Junior High School
 * Washington Elementary School
 * Mendota Elementary School
 * McCabe Elementary School
 * Mendota Alternative Education

Economy
Major employers in Mendota include Stamoules Produce, Oro Loma Ranch, Ruby Fresh, and Cardella Ranch and Winery.

Mendota has been known as "The Cantaloupe Center of the World". In 2021, climate change-related drought and high temperatures slowed both cantaloupe production and local population growth.

Federal Correctional Institution, Mendota
As of September 2006, Mendota Federal Correctional Institution, a federal prison, was under construction about 1 mi south of downtown Mendota. A prominent water tower marks the location. The facility is built on 960 acre of land at a cost of over US$110 million. Completion was scheduled for 2010, but the facility opened in 2012 after several years of funding delays. The facility plan includes a medium security section, housing up to 1,152 adults, and a minimum security satellite camp with a capacity of 128, supervised by a full-time staff of 300 to 350.

Mendota Wildlife Area
In 1956, the State of California purchased 6,100 acres of waterfowl wintering habitat along the San Joaquin River and established the Mendota Wildlife Area. The wildlife preserve is about 1 mi southeast of downtown Mendota, with the entrance on the south side of CA Route 180.

title: Mendota, California


text:
Orange Cove, California

Orange Cove is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 9,078 at the 2010 census, up from 7,722 at the 2000 census.

Description
Almost all of Orange Cove's residents are Hispanic, many of them farmers. Orange Cove is located in the San Joaquin Valley, 8 mi east-northeast of Reedley, at an elevation of 423 ft.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 sqmi, all of its land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Orange Cove has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

History
Elmer M. Sheridan founded the town in 1914, and named it prior to large scale citrus growing. The first post office opened in 1914. The city incorporated in 1948.

2010
At the 2010 census Orange Cove had a population of 9,078. The population density was 47,488,869.6 people per square mile (/km$2$). The racial makeup of Orange Cove was 3,940 (43.4%) White, 72 (0.8%) African American, 131 (1.4%) Native American, 101 (1.1%) Asian, 3 (0.03%) Pacific Islander, 4,481 (49.4%) from other races, and 350 (3.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,413 persons (92.7%).

The census reported that 9,078 people (100% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 2,068 households, out of which 1,459 (70.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,202 (58.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 430 (20.8%) had a single female householder, 222 (10.7%) had a single male householder. There were 207 (10.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 10 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 174 households (8.4%) were one person and 88 (4.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.39. There were 1,854 families (89.7% of all households); the average family size was 4.53.

The age distribution was 3,619 people (39.9%) under the age of 18, 1,113 people (12.3%) aged 18 to 24, 2,398 people (26.4%) aged 25 to 44, 1,435 people (15.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 513 people (5.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 23.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.1 males.

There were 2,231 housing units at an average density of 1,167 per square mile (/km$2$), of which 2,068 were occupied, of which 893 (43.2%) were owner-occupied, and 1,175 (56.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.5%. 4,047 people (44.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,031 people (55.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 7,722 people, 1,694 households, and 1,512 families in the city. The population density was 5,030.4 people per square mile (/km$2$). There were 1,767 housing units at an average density of 1,151.1 per square mile (/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 33.55% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 2.42% Native American, 1.49% Asian, 58.84% from other races, and 3.38% from two or more races. 90.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 1,694 households, 62.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.7% were non-families. 7.1% of households were one person and 3.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 4.56 and the average family size was 4.66.

The age distribution was 40.4% under the age of 18, 13.9% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 12.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.0% 65 or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was US$22357, and the median family income was $. Males had a median income of $ versus $ for females. The per capita income for the city was $. About 39.9% of families and 44.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.6% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

Municipal government
Orange Cove's local government includes an elected mayor, mayor pro tem, and a three-member city council. As of 2020, its current mayor is Victor P. Lopez. Lopez was mayor of Orange Cove for over three decades before being voted out of office in 2010. He was later elected to the city council in 2013 and re-elected as mayor in 2014 in what he claimed would be his last term in office, but he then went on to win re-election as mayor again in 2018.

Police department
The community of Orange Cove maintained its own police department for many years. In 1992 however, the city disbanded its police department, due to an inadequate budget and began contracting with the Fresno County Sheriff's Department for police services.

As of December 16, 2009, the city restarted its police department. Frank Steenport was the Chief. Later, Marty Rivera became the Chief of Police.

Education
Schools in Orange Cove are part of the Kings Canyon Unified School District. Orange Cove has one High School (Orange Cove High School) and Middle School (Citrus Middle School) as well as three Elementary Schools: Sheridan Elementary School, McCord Elementary School, and A.L. Conner Elementary School.

Parks

 * U.S Senator Dianne Feinstein Park
 * P. Rod Skate Park
 * BMX Park
 * Sheridan Park
 * James O. Eaton Memorial Park, Javier Bejar Memorial

Health care

 * Adventist Health Medical Office
 * United Health Centers of the San Joaquin Valley

Transportation
Orange Cove is served by State Route 63 (SR 63), which approaches the city from Orosi. SR 63 bypasses the city along Hills Valley Road, while straddling the Fresno–Tulare county line, and continues north toward SR 180. Hills Valley Road continues south as County Route J19, which connects to Reedley (via Manning Avenue) and Dinuba.

Orange Cove was formerly served by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway along its Porterville-Orosi District branch line. The station serving this line was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

title: Orange Cove, California


text:
Parlier, California

Parlier is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 18,494, up from 14,494 in 2010. The city has one of the state's highest percentage of Latinos, a large majority of whom are seasonal migrant laborers who arrive and temporarily work in the area's agricultural sector. Parlier is located 5.5 mi east-northeast of Selma, at an elevation of 344 ft.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 sqmi, all land.

History and culture
In 1876, the I.N. Parlier family migrated from Springfield, Illinois to the present site of Parlier. The family's name, and city's namesake, was derived from DeParlier, their French ancestry. The Parlier family's general store, trading post and post office became the center of town. Small, family-run wheat farms were initially cultivated in the area. Wheat soon gave way to grapes, raisins and tree fruit, foods that Parlier continues to produce. Improved irrigation systems and arrival of the railroad helped Parlier establish itself as a hub among surrounding communities.

Public schools
Parlier has four elementary schools, one junior high school, and one high school. In addition, there is a preschool and Head Start program, as well as continuing education.

2010
At the 2010 census Parlier had a population of 14,494. The population density was 6,606.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Parlier was 7,251 (50.0%) White, 85 (0.6%) African American, 180 (1.2%) Native American, 77 (0.5%) Asian, 9 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 6,387 (44.1%) from other races, and 505 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14,137 persons (97.5%).

The census reported that 14,492 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 2 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 3,297 households, 2,276 (69.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,950 (59.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 662 (20.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 339 (10.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 288 (8.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 31 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 239 households (7.2%) were one person and 107 (3.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.40. There were 2,951 families (89.5% of households); the average family size was 4.46.

The age distribution was 5,378 people (37.1%) under the age of 18, 1,841 people (12.7%) aged 18 to 24, 4,103 people (28.3%) aged 25 to 44, 2,375 people (16.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 797 people (5.5%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 25.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.

There were 3,494 housing units at an average density of 1,592.7 /mi2, of which 3,297 were occupied, 1,524 (46.2%) by the owners and 1,773 (53.8%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 6,936 people (47.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 7,556 people (52.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census, there were 11,145 people in 2,446 households, including 2,179 families, in the city. The population density was 6,862.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,644 housing units at an average density of 630.2 /km2. The racial makeup of the city was 33.63% White, 0.58% African American, 1.94% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 59.43% from other races, and 3.56% from two or more races. 96.97% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,446 households, 61.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.9% were non-families. 6.8% of households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.51 and the average family size was 4.59.

The age distribution was 37.9% under the age of 18, 14.3% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 13.2% from 45 to 64, and 4.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,539, and the median family income was $24,275. Males had a median income of $16,585 versus $17,589 for females. The per capita income for the city was $7,078. 36.0% of the population and 33.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 42.9% were under the age of 18 and 18.6% were 65 or older.

Notable people

 * Charles Dwight “Red” Adams, baseball player and pitching coach for the Los Angeles Dodgers
 * Vern Mikkelsen, NBA Hall of Famer, was born in Parlier

Sister cities

 * 🇲🇽 Ensenada, Mexico

title: Parlier, California


text:
Raisin City, California

Raisin City (formerly, Raisin) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 380 at the 2010 census, up from 165 at the 2000 census. Raisin City is located 13 mi south-southwest of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 236 feet (72 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.8 sqmi, all of it land.

History
The first post office was established in 1907.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Raisin City had a population of 380. The population density was 500.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Raisin City was 123 (32.4%) White, 5 (1.3%) African American, 31 (8.2%) Native American, 6 (1.6%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 203 (53.4%) from other races, and 12 (3.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 308 persons (81.1%).

The Census reported that 380 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 81 households, out of which 48 (59.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 42 (51.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 15 (18.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 13 (16.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 7 (8.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 8 households (9.9%) were made up of individuals, and 3 (3.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.69. There were 70 families (86.4% of all households); the average family size was 4.90.

The population was spread out, with 138 people (36.3%) under the age of 18, 53 people (13.9%) aged 18 to 24, 103 people (27.1%) aged 25 to 44, 61 people (16.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 25 people (6.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 128.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.1 males.

There were 91 housing units at an average density of 119.8 /sqmi, of which 81 were occupied, of which 41 (50.6%) were owner-occupied, and 40 (49.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.9%. 175 people (46.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 205 people (53.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 165 people, 42 households, and 37 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 214.4 PD/sqmi. There were 46 housing units at an average density of 59.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 60.00% White, 8.48% Native American, 6.06% Asian, 19.39% from other races, and 6.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 60.00% of the population

There were 42 households, out of which 47.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 16.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.9% were non-families. 11.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.93 and the average family size was 4.22.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,167, and the median income for a family was $23,958. Males had a median income of $12,083 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,544. About 17.6% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

title: Raisin City, California


text:
Reedley, California

Reedley is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. It is located in the San Joaquin Valley, 22 mi east-southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 348 ft. The population at the 2010 census was 24,194. Its chief economic source is agriculture, particularly fruit and vegetable cultivation and has thus dubbed itself "The World's Fruit Basket". Reedley is situated along the Kings River, downstream from Centerville.

Reedley hosts several cultural festivals, including but not limited to the Reedley Fiesta, and the Electrical Farm Equipment Parade.

Reedley is named for Thomas Law Reed, a Civil War veteran who gave half of his holdings to the township in 1888.

History
In the mid-1800s, American Civil War Union veteran Thomas Law Reed settled in Reedley to grow wheat for Gold Rush miners. His donation of land for a railroad station site established the town as the center of the San Joaquin Valley's booming wheat industry. Southern Pacific Railroad officials commemorated his donation by naming the depot in his honor, which the city itself then adopted.

When gold mining fever began to fade, wheat demand slackened. Water from the Kings River was diverted for crop irrigation, and the region's agriculture diversified to include fruits, including grapes, figs, and peaches.

With the establishment of water and railroad services, farming families of European immigrants were recruited, and the settlement was incorporated in 1913, with Ordinance No. 1 adopting and prescribing the style of a Common Seal on February 25, 1913. That same year, the city's first cement sidewalks, sewer system, and fire department, as well as the first of two steel water towers were constructed. Because of proximity, the Reedley post office provided rural mail delivery to the surrounding region, including Route 2 which covered a section of nearby Tulare County (about 5 miles west of Dinuba).

A colony of German American Mennonites, who travelled to California to escape the ecological disaster of the Dust Bowl played an important role in the town's early history, settling in Township 8, an area now known as Navelencia. Reedley contains a community of 25 different Christian churches, including Anglican, Catholic, Armenian, Baptist, and Mennonite congregations. The town is also home to a Buddhist temple. The city's cultural influences include Filipino, Finnish, Lebanese, Korean and Japanese immigrants. Since the 1940s, Reedley has seen a large increase in its Hispanic and Latino immigrant population, who have come to represent the majority of Reedley's ethnic makeup.

In 1988, Reedley celebrated the first 100 years since the construction of its Southern Pacific depot, and the 75th anniversary of incorporation. In 2013, the city celebrated its centennial.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.2 sqmi, of which, 5.1 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (1.39%) is water.

Reedley National Bank
The Reedley National Bank building was built in 1907, when the city was first connected to electricity. The bank has since ceased operation. The building is situated on 1100 G Street.

Mid Valley Times
Reedley's downtown is the home of the local newspaper the Mid Valley Times, formerly known as the Reedley Exponent. The Exponent merged with the Sanger Herald and the Dinuba Sentinel in July 2019 in order to improve circulation.

Jansen Opera House
The building that houses the Opera House was built in 1903, after a fire destroyed two blocks of downtown Reedley. Danish grain merchant, Jesse Jansen, rallied the downtown shopkeepers to rebuild Reedley's downtown out of brick. The Opera House itself was built at Jansen's personal expense to serve as a cultural and community center. In 1913, the population of Reedley met at the Opera House to vote for incorporation. After the early 1920s, movie houses replaced the popularity of theatre, and the building went into disuse until restoration in 1986. The City of Reedley acquired the building in 2002 by donation.

In 2003, the River City Theatre Company was founded by Mark Norwood, who served as artistic director until his retirement in 2016. The River City Theatre Company currently leases the Opera House and produces musicals and stage plays.

Reedley Municipal Airport
North of the city and southwest of Mount Campbell, Reedley Municipal Airport is a public airport, serving southeast Fresno County and northwest Tulare County. There are 21 single-engine aircraft based at Reedley Municipal Airport, and during the 12-month period ending on January 30, 2020, the airport logged 33,000 operations.

Government
Reedley has a Council-City Manager form of municipal government, located at 845 G Street.

Police
The Reedley Police Department is headquartered at 843 G Street, sharing a building with the city government.

The small communities and area surrounding Reedley are served by the Fresno County Sheriff's Office.

Education
Kings Canyon Unified School District is a public school system headquartered in Reedley, but also has schools located in the nearby city of Orange Cove, the towns of Dunlap, Miramonte, and the mountain communities. Reedley also offers private educational institutions such as St. La Salle School (Roman Catholic Private K-8) and Immanuel Schools (Mennonite Private K-12). The local community college, Reedley College, offers undergraduate higher education up to an associate degree as well as various certification courses.

Educational institutions in Reedley:

Elementary
 * Alta Elementary School
 * Jefferson Elementary School
 * Great Western Elementary School
 * Washington Elementary School
 * Lincoln Elementary School
 * Immanuel Elementary School

K-8 schools
 * Thomas Law Reed K-8 School
 * Riverview K-8 School
 * Silas Bartsch K-8 School
 * St. La Salle Catholic School

Middle schools
 * General Grant Middle School
 * Navelencia Middle School
 * Immanuel Junior High School

High schools
 * Reedley High School
 * Immanuel High School
 * Reedley Middle College High School

Alternative education
 * Kings Canyon High School
 * Mountain View Independent School

Community college
 * Reedley College

2010
At the 2010 census Reedley had a population of 24,194. The population density was 4,693.2 people per square mile (/km$2$). The racial makeup of Reedley was 14,105 (58.3%) White, 169 (0.7%) African American, 267 (1.1%) Native American, 797 (3.3%) Asian, 8 (0.03%) Pacific Islander, 7,850 (32.4%) from other races, and 998 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18,455 persons (76.3%).

The census reported that 23,945 people (99% of the population) lived in households, 119 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 130 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,569 households, out of which 3,544 (54.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,988 (60.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 946 (14.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 521 (7.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 440 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 39 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 886 households (13.5%) were one person and 471 (7.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.65. There were 5,455 families (83.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.94.

The age distribution was 7,869 people (32.5%) under the age of 18, 2,797 people (11.6%) aged 18 to 24, 6,594 people (27.3%) aged 25 to 44, 4,627 people (19.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,307 people (9.5%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 29.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.

There were 6,867 housing units at an average density of 1,332.1 per square mile (/km$2$), of which 6,569 were occupied, of which 3,881 (59.1%) were owner-occupied, and 2,688 (40.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 13,704 people (56.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 10,241 people (42.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 20,756 people, 5,761 households, and 4,643 families in the city. The population density was 4,700.1 people per square mile (/km$2$). There were 5,972 housing units at an average density of 1,352.3 per square mile (/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 51.76% White, 1.73% Black or African American, 1.21% Native American, 8.83% Asian, 37.72% from other races, and 4.44% from two or more races. 57.59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 5,761 households, 46.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 15.8% of households were one person and 8.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.53 and the average family size was 3.87.

The age distribution was 32.1% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was US$34682, and the median family income was $. Males had a median income of $ versus $ for females. The per capita income for the city was $. About 18.5% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.6% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Charles B. Garrigus, Poet Laureate and state legislator; former professor at Reedley College and Reedley resident
 * Kris Holmes, type designer and president of Bigelow & Holmes Inc.
 * Lacy Barnes Mileham, Atlanta 1996 Olympics athlete in discus; psychology professor at Reedley College
 * Ed Kezirian, UCLA football coach, attended and coached at Reedley College
 * Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, author of Cheaper By the Dozen, lived in Reedley
 * Paul Hurst, actor, appeared in Gone With the Wind
 * Vic Lombardi, Major League Baseball player who pitched for the Pirates and Dodgers; born in Reedley
 * Rick Besoyan, singer, actor, playwright, composer, and director of musicals such as Little Mary Sunshine
 * Silas Bartsch, former administrator and interim president of Fresno Pacific University; a K-8 public school in southeast Reedley is named in his honor.

title: Reedley, California


text:
Riverdale, California

Riverdale (formerly, Liberty Settlement) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 3,153 at the 2010 census, up from 2,416 at the 2000 census. Riverdale is located 23 mi south of Fresno, at an elevation of 223 feet.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.9 sqmi, all of it land.

History
The first post office at Riverdale opened in 1875. The place was originally called Liberty Settlement, but was renamed due to its proximity to the Kings River.

Riverdale has a primary school, an elementary school, and a high school.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Riverdale had a population of 3,153. The population density was 803.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Riverdale was 1,826 (57.9%) White, 33 (1.0%) African American, 59 (1.9%) Native American, 27 (0.9%) Asian, 5 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,051 (33.3%) from other races, and 152 (4.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,106 persons (66.8%).

The Census reported that 3,153 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 845 households, out of which 482 (57.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 552 (65.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 116 (13.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 46 (5.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 52 (6.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2 (0.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 104 households (12.3%) were made up of individuals, and 63 (7.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.73. There were 714 families (84.5% of all households); the average family size was 4.09.

The population was spread out, with 1,111 people (35.2%) under the age of 18, 352 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 814 people (25.8%) aged 25 to 44, 614 people (19.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 262 people (8.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

There were 918 housing units at an average density of 233.9 /sqmi, of which 845 were occupied, of which 509 (60.2%) were owner-occupied, and 336 (39.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.9%. 1,879 people (59.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,274 people (40.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,416 people, 728 households, and 599 families living in the CDP. The population density was 602.4 PD/sqmi. There were 773 housing units at an average density of 192.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 51.53% White, 1.24% Black or African American, 1.20% Native American, 1.95% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 34.85% from other races, and 9.06% from two or more races. 51.08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 728 households, out of which 46.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.9% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.31 and the average family size was 3.68.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.6% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,886, and the median income for a family was $31,667. Males had a median income of $26,458 versus $18,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,568. About 21.0% of families and 26.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.2% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

Famous resident

 * Alan Autry, a former Green Bay Packers quarterback, cast member of the television series In the Heat of the Night, and former mayor of Fresno, California, moved to Riverdale in the mid 1960s.

title: Riverdale, California


text:
San Joaquin, California

San Joaquin (Spanish: San Joaquín, meaning "St. Joachim") is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 4,001 at the 2010 census, up from 3,270 at the 2000 census. The nearest high school in the area is Tranquillity High School in Tranquillity. San Joaquin is located 11 mi southwest of Kerman, at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m).

Etymology
San Joaquin was named for the San Joaquin River.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city incorporates a total area of 1.1 sqmi, all of it land.

History
The first post office opened in San Joaquin in 1913. San Joaquin incorporated in 1920.

2010
At the 2010 census San Joaquin had a population of 4,001. The population density was 3,485.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of San Joaquin was 1,966 (49.1%) White, 31 (0.8%) African American, 54 (1.3%) Native American, 37 (0.9%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 1,766 (44.1%) from other races, and 147 (3.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,825 persons (95.6%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 882 households, 660 (74.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 601 (68.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 163 (18.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 51 (5.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 47 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (0.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 48 households (5.4%) were one person and 20 (2.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 4.54. There were 815 families (92.4% of households); the average family size was 4.66.

The age distribution was 1,652 people (41.3%) under the age of 18, 428 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 1,100 people (27.5%) aged 25 to 44, 646 people (16.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 175 people (4.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 23.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.6 males.

There were 934 housing units at an average density of 813.6 /sqmi,of which 882 were occupied, 406 (46.0%) by the owners and 476 (54.0%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.3%. 1,997 people (49.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,004 people (50.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 3,270 people in 702 households, including 636 families, in the city. The population density was 3,302.4 PD/sqmi. There were 735 housing units at an average density of 742.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 35.44% White, 0.21% Black or African American, 1.56% Native American, 3.61% Asian, 53.73% from other races, and 5.44% from two or more races. 91.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 702 households 67.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.9% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9.3% were non-families. 6.7% of households were one person and 4.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 4.66 and the average family size was 4.79.

The age distribution was 41.2% under the age of 18, 14.2% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 12.7% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% 65 or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,934, and the median family income was $25,441. Males had a median income of $20,382 versus $16,023 for females. The per capita income for the city was $6,607. About 33.9% of families and 34.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.1% of those under age 18 and 23.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government
San Joaquin utilizes a council–manager form of government and uses a city council with five council members that appoints the mayor. As of March 2022, the current mayor of San Joaquin is Julia Hernandez.

Education
In a county dominated by the agriculture industry, San Joaquin residents mostly work on farms. The city suffers from poverty, and poor educational standards and achievements. According to New York Times columnist David Brooks, only "2.9 percent of the residents have bachelor's degrees and 20.6 percent have high school degrees." Brooks believes these factors will prevent long-term economic development and poverty alleviation.

title: San Joaquin, California


text:
Sanger, California

Sanger is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 26,617 at the 2020 census, up from 24,270 at the 2010 census and 18,731 at the 2000 census. Sanger is located 13 mi east-southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 371 feet (113 m).

Eponym
Sanger is named for Joseph Sanger Jr., an official of the Pacific Improvement Company, which was an affiliate of the Southern Pacific Railroad.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.5 sqmi, all land.

History
Yokuts inhabited the area.

In 1886, the Southern Pacific Company referred to the area as Sanger Junction, concerning plans to improve access to the fertile land. Later the area was known simply as Sanger. The name commemorates Joseph Sanger Jr., secretary-treasurer of the Railroad Yardmasters Association, who visited California in 1887.

In 1888, the Pacific Improvement Company owned and sold lots on the site and the first post office opened.

In 1890, the Kings River Lumber Company built a 62-mile long log flume to transport timber from the High Sierras to Sanger. That year more than 75 buildings were erected.

The Sanger Railroad Depot was built in 1887 next to the Southern Pacific Railroad line that connected Fresno to Porterville. It is a Southern Pacific standard design Two Story Combination Depot No. 13 or 19. Sanger became a center for shipping grain, citrus and lumber from the nearby mountains. When the depot was retired, it was the oldest building in the city and was donated to the Sanger Historical Society which turned it into the Sanger Depot Museum in 1977.

By 1908, Sanger had a grammar school, a high school, seven churches, two newspapers, an opera house, a bank, grain warehouses, packing houses and two physicians.

The city incorporated in 1911.

In 1949, the city was designated the "Nation's Christmas Tree City" by the U.S. Postal Service.

2010
At the 2010 census Sanger had a population of 24,270. The population density was 4,393.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Sanger was 14,454 (59.6%) White, 219 (0.9%) African American, 311 (1.3%) Native American, 758 (3.1%) Asian, 39 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 7,645 (31.5%) from other races, and 844 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19,537 persons (80.5%).

The census reported that 24,136 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 46 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 88 (0.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,659 households, 3,667 (55.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,736 (56.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,276 (19.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 565 (8.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 526 (7.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 49 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 894 households (13.4%) were one person and 459 (6.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.62. There were 5,577 families (83.8% of households); the average family size was 3.90.

The age distribution was 8,164 people (33.6%) under the age of 18, 2,559 people (10.5%) aged 18 to 24, 6,685 people (27.5%) aged 25 to 44, 4,575 people (18.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,287 people (9.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 29.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

There were 7,104 housing units at an average density of 1,286.1 /sqmi,of which 6,659 were occupied, 3,873 (58.2%) by the owners and 2,786 (41.8%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.3%. 13,826 people (57.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 10,310 people (42.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 18,931 people in 5,220 households, including 4,306 families, in the city. The population density was 3,985.8 PD/sqmi. There were 5,420 housing units at an average density of 1,141.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 49.53% White, 0.42% Black or African American, 1.20% Native American, 1.96% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 43.16% from other races, and 3.64% from two or more races. 80.92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 5,220 households 47.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 14.3% of households were one person and 8.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.60 and the average family size was 3.91.

The age distribution was 34.1% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% 65 or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,072, and the median family income was $33,219. Males had a median income of $26,443 versus $22,808 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,625. About 21.0% of families and 23.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.3% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
In downtown Sanger is a mural of German-born actress Nastassja Kinski. This was created in 1982 by Sanger native artist Jose Maro Alvarado.

Notable people

 * Earl J. Atkisson – World War I Colonel in the US Army
 * Tom Flores – Professional football player and coach and Pro Football Hall of Famer, Class of 2021
 * Jim Merlo – Professional football linebacker for the New Orleans Saints from 1973 to 1979
 * Manuel Neri – artist
 * Luis Ortiz (born 1995) - baseball pitcher for the San Francisco Giants
 * Edward Dean Price – United States federal judge
 * Frankie A. Rodriguez – actor
 * Francis Rogallo – aeronautical engineer and inventor

Education
Sanger Union High School services the community.

title: Sanger, California


text:
Selma, California

Selma is a city in Fresno County, California. The population was 24,674 at the 2020 census, up from 23,319 at the 2010 census and 19,240 at the 2000 census. Selma is located 16 mi southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 308 feet (94 m).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers an area of 5.136 sqmi, all of it land.

2010
At the 2010 census Selma had a population of 23,219. The population density was 4,520.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Selma was 12,869 (55.4%) White, 284 (1.2%) African American, 479 (2.1%) Native American, 1,057 (4.6%) Asian, 9 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 7,630 (32.9%) from other races, and 891 (3.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18,014 persons (77.6%).

The census reported that 23,054 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 50 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 115 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,416 households, 3,411 (53.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,553 (55.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,158 (18.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 560 (8.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 516 (8.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 27 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 939 households (14.6%) were one person and 481 (7.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.59. There were 5,271 families (82.2% of households); the average family size was 3.89.

The age distribution was 7,442 people (32.1%) under the age of 18, 2,677 people (11.5%) aged 18 to 24, 6,321 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 4,483 people (19.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,296 people (9.9%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 29.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.

There were 6,813 housing units at an average density of 1,326.4 /sqmi,of which 6,416 were occupied, 3,825 (59.6%) by the owners and 2,591 (40.4%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.5%. 13,229 people (57.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 9,825 people (42.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2006, there were 23,194 people in 5,596 households, including 4,538 families, in the city. The population density was 4,475.7 PD/sqmi. There were 5,815 housing units at an average density of 1,338.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 43.90% White, 0.75% Black or African American, 1.56% Native American, 3.18% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 46.09% from other races, and 4.48% from two or more races. 71.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 5,596 households 45.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 17.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.9% were non-families. 15.7% of households were one person and 8.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.45 and the average family size was 3.76.

The age distribution was 33.1% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% 65 or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,713, and the median family income was $36,510. Males had a median income of $26,966 versus $22,672 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,834. About 17.4% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.0% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

History and culture
Selma owes its beginnings to farming and to the Southern Pacific Railroad, which began in the 1870s as a branch line of the Central Pacific Railroad. The route of the Southern Pacific through California's Central Valley gave rise to a string of small towns between Sacramento and Bakersfield. Selma was among them.

In 1880, residents of the rural community that would become Selma established the Valley View School District. The first post office opened in 1880. A decade later, four farmers – Jacob E. Whitson, Egbert H. Tucker, George Otis and Monroe Snyder – formed a partnership and developed a townsite along the railroad. They began auctioning lots and just three years later the city of Selma was formally incorporated.

A persistent local legend is that Selma was named after Selma Gruenberg Lewis (c. 1867–1944) by Governor Leland Stanford, who was shown her picture by her father. As Lewis first told the story in 1925, Stanford, also a Director of the Central Pacific Railroad, was so taken that he ordered that the next town on the line be named for her. Lewis often repeated the story with further romantic embellishments, and it came to be accepted as fact despite a lack of documentary evidence. Lewis is buried in Floral Memorial Park in Selma, and her marker repeats the story. Subsequent investigation indicates instead that the town was in fact named for Selma Michelsen (1853–1910), wife of a railroad employee who had submitted her name for inclusion on a list of candidate names prepared by his supervisor. George Otis selected the name from this list, in consultation with other local businessmen.

Along with Fowler to its immediate north and Kingsburg to its south, Selma was a railroad stop where agricultural goods could be loaded for shipping. As in the rest of the United States, the railroad played a lesser role as the 20th century progressed. What was once a handsome passenger terminal in Selma's downtown became the city's police station.

In the late 19th century, the town also boasted a water-driven mill for grinding wheat to flour. The mill was powered by the C&K Canal, a seasonal irrigation channel that was known in Selma as the Mill Ditch.

Agribusiness
Wheat growing was Selma's first economic engine but was replaced by orchards and vineyards when farmers realized how well peaches, plums, and grapes grew in the sandy soil, irrigated with snow-melt water imported through canals from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountain range.

Although raisins soon became the major crop, Selma called itself the "Home of the Peach" and was also known as "A Peach of a City." Through the 1960s, the local peach cannery, where Libby's-brand fruit was packed, was a major seasonal employer. Peaches and other tree fruit are still grown in abundance.

With 90 percent of U.S. raisins produced within 8 mi of Selma, the city adopted the slogan "Raisin Capital of the World" in 1963. Area vineyards also produce table grapes. A decline in family farming, the national trend in U.S. agriculture after World War II, and depressed prices for raisins and table grapes, especially in the last decades of the twentieth century, were drains on the Selma-area agribusiness economy. Harris Ranch is based in Selma.

Shifting business center
Like many other American cities, Selma suffered a decline in its old downtown in the late decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century. Post–World War II development spread the growing city to the north and east, away from its business center. U.S. Highway 99, once a main road running north–south through town, parallel to the railroad, was rebuilt as a freeway (now SR 99) in the 1960s. Several blocks to the west of the old road (now Whitson Street and Golden State Boulevard), the freeway bisects the oldest residential neighborhood in Selma. Freeway travel made the new shopping malls of Fresno more accessible. The freeway also made Selma more attractive as a place to live for Fresno workers, who contributed to ever-faster residential growth into the 21st century.

The downtown experienced one of its biggest changes when Walmart built a large retail store at the intersection of East Floral Avenue and the freeway—at the northwest edge of town. As the 21st century began, this area became the de facto commercial center of the city providing great economic benefits. The old downtown, despite vacant storefronts, remained a struggling but viable district of city offices and small businesses.

Media
The weekly newspaper is The Selma Enterprise. Residents are also served by the daily Fresno Bee and by Fresno-based television and radio stations.

Public schools
The Selma Unified School District has eight neighborhood elementary schools. Students from all of these schools are channeled to Abraham Lincoln Middle School and continue on to Selma High School or two alternative high schools. Selma High School fields a range of sports teams nicknamed the Bears. School colors are orange and black. The yearbook is entitled the Magnet.

Notable people
Well-known people who have lived in and around Selma include 19th-century inventors Frank Dusy, Abijah McCall and William Deidrick; the poets William Everson (Brother Antoninus, 1912–94) and Larry Levis (1946–96); William R. Shockley (1918–1945), recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor in World War II; author–historian Victor Davis Hanson (1953– ); and Atlanta Braves manager Bobby Cox (1941– ). Clarence Berry (1867–1930), who struck it rich in the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897 and became known as an innovative mining engineer and businessman, had earlier been a fruit farmer in Selma. Also known as C.J. Berry, he left Selma for Canada's Yukon Territory after he was forced to declare bankruptcy. Beatrice Kozera (1920–2013), born Beatrice Rentería, also spent much of her childhood in Selma where her family worked in the fields. In 1947, she met Jack Kerouac who represented her as "The Mexican Girl" in On the Road where Selma is referred to as Sabinal. Frankie A. Rodriguez (1996– ), an actor from the Disney franchise High School Musical: The Musical: The Series, is also from Selma.

title: Selma, California


text:
Shaver Lake, California

Shaver Lake (formerly, Musick Creek and Musick Creek Heights) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 634 at the 2010 census, down from 705 at the 2000 census. Shaver Lake is on the southwest end of the lake of the same name, 10 mi east of New Auberry, at an elevation of 5627 feet. The name honors C.B. Shaver, founder of the Fresno Flume and Irrigation Company that built the dam, creating the lake. The lake served as a mill pond for the Shaver Sawmill and the source for a flume that ran 65 miles to Clovis. The original town of Shaver was buried under the lake when the Thomas A. Edison Company purchased and enlarged the lake in 1919.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 34.5 sqmi, of which, 32.2 sqmi of it is land and 2.3 sqmi of it (6.60%) is water.

Climate
Shaver Lake has a warm-summer mediterranean climate that is characterized by warm, dry summers, with periodic thunderstorms, and cold, snowy winters.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Shaver Lake had a population of 634. The population density was 18.4 people per square mile (7.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of Shaver Lake was 611 (96.4%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 5 (0.8%) Native American, 3 (0.5%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 8 (1.3%) from other races, and 7 (1.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44 persons (6.9%).

The Census reported that 634 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 292 households, out of which 54 (18.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 184 (63.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 11 (3.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (3.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 10 (3.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 72 households (24.7%) were made up of individuals, and 28 (9.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17. There were 206 families (70.5% of all households); the average family size was 2.54.

The population was spread out, with 93 people (14.7%) under the age of 18, 34 people (5.4%) aged 18 to 24, 88 people (13.9%) aged 25 to 44, 266 people (42.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 153 people (24.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.

There were 2,117 housing units at an average density of 61.4 /sqmi, of which 292 were occupied, of which 236 (80.8%) were owner-occupied, and 56 (19.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 12.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 39.3%. 511 people (80.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 123 people (19.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 705 people, 303 households, and 229 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 21.8 people per square mile (8.4/km$2$). There were 1,845 housing units at an average density of 57.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.16% White, 0.43% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 1.42% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. 6.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 303 households, out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 2.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.64.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 40.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,250, and the median income for a family was $51,250. Males had a median income of $40,956 versus $32,019 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,695. About 10.3% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Shaver Lake, California


text:
Yokuts Valley, California

Yokuts Valley, formerly "Squaw Valley" is a unincorporated community located in Fresno County, California, at the foothills of the Sierra Nevada on State Route 180 just below Kings Canyon National Park.

As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a total population of 3,162, up from 2,691 at the 2000 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau defined Squaw Valley as a census-designated place (CDP). Yokuts Valley is located 9 mi north-northeast of Orange Cove and 30 mi east of Fresno, at an elevation of 1631 feet.

Name
The Chukimena, the Yokuts tribe that occupied the valley before American colonization, named it Múshtihnau, after their main village. The nearby Éntimbits Yokuts tribe called the valley, Túcheu. The label "Valley" originally referred to either the surrounding basin or a narrow valley that connects it to the San Joaquin Valley. Today it refers to both. The basin may have originally been named "Woman's Land", after a depression in a rock overlooking the valley that resembles a woman's moccasin print. By 1873, non-native hunters adapted the name in English to "Squaw Valley", because "squaw" was the term used by white settlers for Indigenous women; it is considered a slur by natives. The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) officially assigned the name "Squaw Valley" to the community in 1957 and to the basin in 1959.

On August 28, 1958, at the behest of Representative B. F. Sisk, the BGN decided that "Squaw Valley" would only refer to this community, not to a newer community in Placer County that was about to host the 1960 Winter Olympics. The latter would become known as Olympic Valley. Nevertheless, the name "Squaw Valley" continued to refer informally to both communities, creating considerable confusion.

From 2020 to 2023, a coalition that included members of local tribes petitioned the Fresno County Board of Supervisors to rename the community "Nuum Valley" and later "Yokuts Valley", citing the derogatory history of the town's previous name.

In September 2022, the Board on Geographic Names renamed the surrounding valley to Yokuts Basin as part of a program to remove "squaw" from geographical names across the country. A Fresno County Supervisor, Republican Nathan Magsig, solicited feedback from 1,400 households soliciting feedback about the proposed renaming and says they prefer Bear Valley. He organized a town hall meeting with local activists that turned contentious. Arguments against the name change ranged from procedural to political. Some opposed it simply for the fact that the new name had not been chosen by residents, ironic to the native tribes who still live in the area. Others refused to accept that the word "squaw" is considered derogatory by others. Arguments in favor of the change came from Native activists and white residents of the town who wanted their home cleared of a name that degraded Indigenous women.

A few days later, Governor Gavin Newsom signed a law directing state and local authorities to remove "squaw" from geographic features and place names throughout the state, including "Squaw Valley", by 2025. In October, the Fresno County Board of Supervisors passed a resolution that acknowledged the state and federal renaming efforts while notifying the federal government that 87% of households that responded to Supervisor Magsig's survey opposed renaming the community.

In January 2023, the Board on Geographic Names completed additional review on renaming the unincorporated populated place to "Yokuts Valley." In February, a prominent welcome sign bearing the previous name was removed, prompting some local residents to call for its restoration.

History
Present-day Yokuts Valley was originally the home of Yokuts and Mono people. In 1869, the Simpson Drake family became the first recorded non-Indigenous family to settle in the basin. An early reference to Yokuts Valley appears in an 1884 issue of an Idaho newspaper.

The first post office opened in "Squaw Valley" in 1879. It was renamed Squawvalley in 1895 before closing in 1918. It reopened in 1923, renamed back to Squaw Valley in 1932, and closed again in 1945 in favor of the nearby Orange Cove post office. The "Squaw Valley" post office was established a third time in 1960.

In the 1960s, the community moved east to its current location. In 1994, the Fresno County Public Library's Bear Mountain Branch Library relocated to the community from Dunlap, where it had been since 1915.

Geography
The community is located in the Yokuts Basin. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 56.6 mi2, of which over 99% is land. The Squaw Valley-Miramonte AVA grape-growing region is centered around the community.

2010
At the 2010 census Yokuts Valley had a population of 3,162. The population density was 55.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Yokuts Valley was 2,700 (85.4%) White, 30 (0.9%) African American, 77 (2.4%) Native American, 47 (1.5%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 159 (5.0%) from other races, and 147 (4.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 525 people (16.6%).

The census reported that 3,160 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 2 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,188 households, 343 (28.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 715 (60.2%) were married couples living together, 101 (8.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 66 (5.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 75 (6.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 7 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 239 households (20.1%) were one person and 99 (8.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.66. There were 882 families (74.2% of households); the average family size was 3.01.

The age distribution was 709 people (22.4%) under the age of 18, 200 people (6.3%) aged 18 to 24, 597 people (18.9%) aged 25 to 44, 1,111 people (35.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 545 people (17.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 46.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.9 males.

There were 1,419 housing units at an average density of 25.1 /mi2, of which 1,188 were occupied, 1,009 (84.9%) by the owners and 179 (15.1%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.7%. 2,648 people (83.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 512 people (16.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,691 people, 1,025 households, and 779 families in the CDP. The population density was 47.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,160 housing units at an average density of 20.5 /mi2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.33% White, 1.37% African American, 2.38% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 4.83% from other races, and 2.30% from two or more races. 12.15% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 1,025 households 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 19.3% of households were one person and 8.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 2.98.

The age distribution was 23.5% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.

The median household income was $39,417 and the median family income was $47,739. Males had a median income of $38,375 versus $27,850 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,719. 8.9% of the population and 2.6% of families were below the poverty line. 14.4% of those under the age of 18 and 2.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government
As an unincorporated community, Yokuts Valley lacks a local government. Instead, Fresno County service areas and special districts serve the area. Along with much of eastern Fresno County, Yokuts Valley is located in Supervisorial District 5. The Kings Canyon Unified School District serves Fresno County's mountain areas including Yokuts Valley. The Fresno County Sheriff's Office maintains a substation in Yokuts Valley.

Notable people

 * Stuart Erwin – actor
 * Don Knight – actor

title: Yokuts Valley, California


text:
Tranquillity, California

Tranquillity is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. It is located 10 mi southeast of Mendota, at an elevation of 164 feet. The population was 799 at the 2010 census, down from 813 at the 2000 census. Tranquillity High School is the only high school in Tranquillity.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all of it land.

History
The first post office opened in Tranquillity in 1910.

The town received recognition during a September 29, 1970 episode of the long-running television show Hee-Haw. It was part of the show's weekly "salute" feature, and co-host Buck Owens acknowledged the town's population, which at the time was 750.

The episode had Ray Charles and Lynn Anderson as musical guests.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Tranquillity had a population of 799. The population density was 1,294.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Tranquillity was 504 (63.1%) White, 9 (1.1%) African American, 13 (1.6%) Native American, 2 (0.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 251 (31.4%) from other races, and 20 (2.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 637 persons (79.7%).

The Census reported that 799 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 229 households, out of which 120 (52.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 141 (61.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 21 (9.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 20 (8.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 15 (6.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 38 households (16.6%) were made up of individuals, and 13 (5.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.49. There were 182 families (79.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.98.

The population was spread out, with 267 people (33.4%) under the age of 18, 55 people (6.9%) aged 18 to 24, 206 people (25.8%) aged 25 to 44, 177 people (22.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 94 people (11.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.

There were 255 housing units at an average density of 413.0 /sqmi, of which 229 were occupied, of which 145 (63.3%) were owner-occupied, and 84 (36.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 13.3%. 478 people (59.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 321 people (40.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 813 people, 236 households, and 193 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,294.0 PD/sqmi. There were 249 housing units at an average density of 396.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 48.83% White, 0.74% Black or African American, 1.72% Native American, 3.69% Asian, 42.07% from other races, and 2.95% from two or more races. 64.94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 236 households, out of which 44.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.5% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.8% were non-families. 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.44 and the average family size was 3.82.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,857, and the median income for a family was $60,208. Males had a median income of $29,250 versus $17,222 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,128. About 12.2% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Tranquillity, California