text:
Flora, Indiana

Flora is a town in Monroe Township, Carroll County, Indiana, United States. The population was 2,036 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Lafayette, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A post office was established at Flora in 1873. Flora was named for its founder, John Flora.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Flora has a total area of 1.06 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,036 people, 858 households, and 549 families living in the town. The population density was 1920.8 PD/sqmi. There were 969 housing units at an average density of 914.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.3% African American, 1.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 858 households, of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.0% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the town was 40.4 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 19.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.8% male and 53.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,227 people, 906 households, and 609 families living in the town. The population density was 2,157.4 PD/sqmi. There were 959 housing units at an average density of 929.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.16% White, 0.54% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population.

There were 906 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 83.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,400, and the median income for a family was $43,257. Males had a median income of $35,398 versus $20,281 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,863. About 4.4% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The town has a free lending library, the Flora-Monroe Township Public Library.

Notable people

 * Paul S. Dunkin, writer, librarian and professor.

title: Flora, Indiana


text:
Yeoman, Indiana

Yeoman is a town in Jefferson Township, Carroll County, Indiana, United States. The population was 139 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Lafayette, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Yeoman was platted in 1880. It was named for Col. Yeoman, a railroad employee.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Yeoman has a total area of 0.12 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 139 people, 51 households, and 38 families living in the town. The population density was 1158.3 PD/sqmi. There were 54 housing units at an average density of 450.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.0% White.

There were 51 households, of which 49.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 19.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.5% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the town was 27.1 years. 28.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.1% were from 25 to 44; 23% were from 45 to 64; and 4.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 96 people, 40 households, and 26 families living in the town. The population density was 787.3 PD/sqmi. There were 47 housing units at an average density of 385.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of the population.

There were 40 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.0% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $53,214, and the median income for a family was $57,500. Males had a median income of $38,250 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,315. There were no families and 2.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
Yeoman has a public library, a branch of the Delphi Public Library.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Yeoman, Indiana


text:
Galveston, Indiana

Galveston is a town in Jackson Township, Cass County, Indiana, approximately 7 miles northwest of downtown Kokomo. The population was 1,311 at the 2010 United States Census.

History
Galveston was laid out in 1854. It was probably named after Galveston, Texas, although folk etymology holds that "a gal with a vest on" caused the name to be selected. Galveston was incorporated as a town in 1870.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Galveston has a total area of 0.52486 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,311 people, 553 households, and 368 families in the town. The population density was 2473.6 PD/sqmi. There were 633 housing units at an average density of 1194.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.9% White, 0.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 553 households, of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.5% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the town was 39.6 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.4% were from 25 to 44; 27.8% were from 45 to 64; and 13.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 1,532 people, 615 households, and 448 families living in the town. The population density was 2,702.9 PD/sqmi. There were 649 housing units at an average density of 1,145.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.98% White, 0.33% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.33% Asian, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.37% of the population.

There were 615 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.95.

The town population contained 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $45,450, and the median income for a family was $48,942. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $24,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,880. About 3.4% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Two airports are near Galveston in unincorporated Cass County:
 * Galveston Airport, publicly owned, is open for public use;
 * Rockey's Air Strip is a privately owned airport for private use.

Education
Galveston has a public library, a branch of the Cass County Public Library.

Formerly known as Galveston Elementary School, Galveston has a polytechnic academy, known as Lewis Cass Polytechnic Academy.

title: Galveston, Indiana


text:
Onward, Indiana

Onward is a town in Tipton Township, Cass County, Indiana, United States. The population was 100 at the 2010 census.

History
Onward was laid out in 1869. According to tradition, the local men frequented the local country store; going home meant they went "onward".

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Onward has a total area of 0.1 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 100 people, 39 households, and 28 families living in the town. The population density was 1000.0 PD/sqmi. There were 44 housing units at an average density of 440.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.0% White and 2.0% Asian.

There were 39 households, of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 23.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.2% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the town was 32 years. 32% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29% were from 25 to 44; 18% were from 45 to 64; and 14% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.0% male and 49.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 81 people, 30 households, and 21 families living in the town. The population density was 935.6 PD/sqmi. There were 31 housing units at an average density of 358.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.30% White and 3.70% Asian.

There were 30 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,625, and the median income for a family was $50,313. Males had a median income of $36,458 versus $35,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,993. There were no families and 6.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 30.8% of those over 64.

title: Onward, Indiana


text:
Royal Center, Indiana

Royal Center is a town in Boone Township, Cass County, Indiana, United States. The population was 861 at the 2010 census.

History
Royal Center had its start in the year 1846 by the building of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad through that territory. It was supposedly named after a place in New York.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Royal Center has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all land. Royal Center is the fourth-largest town by population in Cass County, and the third-largest town by land area.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 861 people, 342 households, and 234 families living in the town. The population density was 1435.0 PD/sqmi. There were 374 housing units at an average density of 623.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.4% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 342 households, of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.6% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the town was 38 years. 27.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.1% were from 45 to 64; and 15.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.9% male and 50.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 832 people, 330 households, and 235 families living in the town. The population density was 1,660.5 PD/sqmi. There were 348 housing units at an average density of 694.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.04% White, 0.24% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.

There were 330 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,625, and the median income for a family was $52,167. Males had a median income of $33,833 versus $19,792 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,440. About 2.8% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 1.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Education in Royal Center is currently centered on the Pioneer Regional School Corporation. A small school in an agricultural community, it has proven to be an academic leader and resource for the community.

The Pioneer Regional School Corporation consists of five townships, four of which are in Cass County-Boone, Harrison, Jefferson, and Noble-and one in White County-Cass township. The corporation has in it 153 sqmi and includes the communities of Lucerne, Headlee, Lake Cicott, and Royal Center. The only existing and occupied building eliminated during the reorganization process was the school at Lucerne, which was closed in 1966 when the Jr.-Sr. High School building was completed and occupied. The corporation also has one elementary building, which, along with Pioneer Junior-Senior High School, is located in Royal Center.

Notable People

 * George E. Dunn (1927-2020), Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives

title: Royal Center, Indiana


text:
Walton, Indiana

Walton is a town in Tipton Township, Cass County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,049 at the 2010 census.

History
Walton had its start in the year 1852 by the building of the railroad through that territory. It was named for its founder Gilbert W. Wall. The Walton post office was established in 1856.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Walton has a total area of 0.43 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,049 people, 408 households, and 284 families living in the town. The population density was 2439.5 PD/sqmi. There were 449 housing units at an average density of 1044.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 93.2% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 4.5% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.5% of the population.

There were 408 households, of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.4% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.11.

The median age in the town was 36.4 years. 27.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,069 people, 413 households, and 301 families living in the town. The population density was 2,477.8 PD/sqmi. There were 438 housing units at an average density of 1,015.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 92.42% White, 0.19% African American, 0.75% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 5.89% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.66% of the population.

There were 413 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,429, and the median income for a family was $49,167. Males had a median income of $30,750 versus $23,846 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,087. About 2.9% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Lewis Cass High School is located near Walton, and is a part of the Southeastern School Corporation.

Lewis Cass High School competes in the Three Rivers Conference for all athletics. It left the Mid-Indiana Conference in the 2015–2016 school year to join the Hoosier Conference when the Mid-Indiana Conference dissolved, then left the Hoosier Conference to replace Tippecanoe Valley.

title: Walton, Indiana


text:
Borden, Indiana

Borden is a town in Wood Township, Clark County, Indiana, United States. The population was 786 at the 2020 census. The town's official name was New Providence until December 29, 1994.

History
The town was founded in 1816 by Rhode Islander John Borden and was originally named New Providence, after the Rhode Island capital of Providence. William W. Borden (1823–1906), son of John Borden, was a scholar, philanthropist and distinguished citizen of New Providence and earned his wealth in the Leadville, Colorado, silver mines, becoming one of Clark County's wealthiest citizens.

In 1884, the Borden Institute was founded by William W. Borden as a college for teacher preparation and laboratory-based scientific studies. He also established within the town a library and a museum with an extensive geological collection that later became an important and valuable collection in Chicago's Field Museum following his death. His final crown jewel within the community was his elaborate family mansion situated on a hill overlooking the town. The town honored William W. Borden by unofficially renaming the town and post office Borden because of his generosity and influence within the community his father founded. The Borden Institute closed in 1906 and around 1910 became used as William W. Borden High School, or simply Borden High School. The Institute served this purpose until 1955 when a new elementary and Jr-Sr High School were built adjacent to the Institute. The museum still stands and houses some of the original books from the Borden Library and is currently used as a community center. The Borden Mansion also still stands and has been occupied by the Emil Stark family since the early 1970s. Following its use as a high school, the Borden Institute fell into disrepair and was razed in 1983 even after a decade long effort by citizens to preserve it.

Borden is served by the CSX (formally Monon) rail system and was once one of the main loading points for carloads of strawberries shipped by The Borden-Pekin Berry Growers Association north along the Monon Rail. The large volume of strawberries supplied by the area farmers influenced the naming of the athletic teams at Borden High School. The teams were nicknamed the Borden Berries in 1934 and the name was used until 1966 when it was changed by the student body to the Borden Braves. Strawberries continue to be farmed in the Borden area, especially in nearby Starlight, Indiana where the Starlight Strawberry Festival is held each Memorial Day weekend.

A well known establishment in Borden is Brewer's General Store. This family owned store was opened by John Brewer in 1931 and was owned and managed by the extended Brewer family until its closing in 2012. Due to Borden's rural setting, Brewer's took pride in marketing itself as a provider of goods in the scenic "Hillbilly" Valley. Favorites of the store included a large wheel of Wisconsin Rat Trap Cheese, Amish hard candies and Hillbilly Popsickles (large dill pickles served on a wooden stick).

Another popular establishment was George McKinley & Son Hardware Feed Store on Highway 60. McKinley had traded roughly 100 acres on Martinsburg Knob for the store in the 1920s. The pot-belly stove in the center of the store served as a gathering place for community checker matches. A 5' X 10' display window highlighted seasonal goods and was kept up-to-date by granddaughters Joyce (Money) and Marilyn (Riley). The store also provided the community with fuel with its Shell service station. Now there is a Dollar General Store parking lot on that site.

In the 1960s, several dams were constructed along the tributaries leading to Muddy Fork, which runs through the town. This helped keep Borden from being flooded during heavy rains. On April 3, 1974, an F5 tornado struck the west side of Borden before moving into nearby Daisy Hill, killing one person. On May 27, 2004, an F2 tornado struck the northern edge of the town, doing damage to homes and the trees on the hillside but causing no deaths. On March 2, 2012, an EF4 tornado, hit nearby Pekin and the northern Borden community of Daisy Hill before moving along to Henryville and points further northeast. This tornado did extensive damage to these areas and was responsible for deaths in Pekin, Henryville, and other Indiana towns and counties.

In the early 2000s, William W. Borden High School underwent an expansion project and a new building was built in place of the school parking lot. A new parking lot was then built at the old Borden Park. With the help of donations from the community and the generosity of the Koetter Family of Starlight, the town then built a new Borden Community Park on the East end of Borden near the former Kimball International plant, along Muddy Fork. It includes basketball and tennis courts, a soccer field, a little league baseball complex, a walking path along the fork, and a war memorial for local residents who served in the military. The Borden Valley Day Festival is held in the park annually on the second Saturday in June.

In 2013, Borden High School won its first semi-state and state championships. The Braves beat University in the Semi-State round 47–44 in front of a standing room-only crowd in nearby Seymour, Indiana. On March 23, 2013, the Borden Braves as well as the entire town, came into Bankers Life Fieldhouse and won their first state championship 55–50. Cody Bachman held Triton stand out Clay Yeo to 26 points. After this state championship run, there was a video made about the Borden Braves titled How 'Bout Them Braves which was the rallying cry of the Borden faithful during the run.

One local native is Joe Huber, who is regionally known as the founder of the Joe Huber's Family Farm and Restaurant in Starlight. Norman M. Coats of Kirkwood, Missouri has written a book called Growing Up on Daisy Hill, which chronicles his early years being born and raised in the nearby hills and hollows of Borden during the Great Depression. Borden is also the former home of ten-time ARCA champion Frank Kimmel.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Borden has a total area of 1.39 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 808 people, 321 households, and 222 families residing in the town. The population density was 581.3 PD/sqmi. There were 356 housing units at an average density of 256.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.9% White, 0.5% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 321 households, of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.8% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the town was 35.3 years. 26.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 818 people, 331 households, and 231 families residing in the town. The population density was 736.4 PD/sqmi. There were 355 housing units at an average density of 319.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.41% White, 0.61% Native American, 0.49% Asian, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.49% of the population.

There were 331 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,962, and the median income for a family was $44,868. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $20,800 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,417. About 10.3% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 19.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Borden has a public library, a branch of the Charlestown-Clark County Public Library.

title: Borden, Indiana


text:
Charlestown, Indiana

Charlestown is a city located within Charlestown Township, in Clark County, Indiana, United States. The population was 7,775 at the 2020 census.

History
Charlestown was established in 1808, named after one of its surveyors, Charles Beggs, upon 300 acre, of which 3 acre was designated for a town square. It was established one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Springville, and was responsible for Springville's demise.

Milling was important to the town, as the first mill was built in the area, on Fourteen Mile Creek, in 1804. This mill would be abandoned when John Work built a mill by use of a tunnel in 1814. Today, that mill is part of the Tunnel Mill Scout Reservation.

From 1811 to 1878 Charlestown was the county seat of Clark County, but as Jeffersonville had surpassed it economically, the county seat reverted to Jeffersonville in 1878.

In 1818, the first Grand Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons in Indiana met in Charlestown, due to Jonathan Jennings' influence.

In 1940 the population of Charlestown was 900, but it swelled to 13,400 due to the building and operation of the Indiana Army Ammunition Plant (INAAP). This created a housing problem, as chicken, wood, and wash houses had to house all the new residents who flocked to the area for the jobs created by the INAAP. Additional problems caused by the rapid influx of new residents were improper sanitation at restaurants, inefficient sewers, gambling, panhandling, and diseases such as typhoid and malaria.

In 2014, the city announced they would be applying for a grant to redevelop Pleasant Ridge Subdivision, an impoverished and notably haunted area within the city. Some residents of the Pleasant Ridge Subdivision formed an association to fight against demolishing their homes via eminent domain. The City Council did not call for a vote on the issue and the grant issue failed. Starting in 2016, the city was accused of using excessive fines against homeowners in the subdivision in order to force them to sell to a private developer.

Geography

According to the 2010 census, Charlestown has a total area of 11.489 sqmi, of which 11.45 sqmi (or 99.66%) is land and 0.039 sqmi (or 0.34%) is water.

2020 Census
As of the census of 2020, there were 7,775 people and 3,193 households residing in the city. The population density was 679.2 PD/sqmi. There were 3,227 housing units at an average density of 281.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.1% White, 1.8% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.5% Asian, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,585 people, 2,884 households, and 2,034 families residing in the city. The population density was 662.4 PD/sqmi. There were 3,169 housing units at an average density of 276.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.9% White, 2.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 5.3% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.3% of the population.

There were 2,884 households, of which 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 35.2 years. 28.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,993 people, 2,341 households, and 1,615 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,570.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,489 housing units at an average density of 1,067.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.91% White, 2.47% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.77% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.32% of the population.

There were 2,341 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,238, and the median income for a family was $35,592. Males had a median income of $27,240 versus $21,901 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,892. About 15.8% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.8% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.

Common Council
The Common Council of the City of Charlestown meets for its regular business meeting on the first Monday of the month, beginning at 6:30 p.m. in the council chambers of City Hall, located at 304 Main Cross Street, Charlestown, Indiana. The Council is the legislative body of the government of the City of Charlestown, responsible for drafting and approving ordinances and resolutions that affect all Charlestown residents.

Council members

 * Councilperson At Large - John T. Cox
 * District 1 Councilperson - Bo Bertram
 * District 2 Councilperson - Ruthie Jackson
 * District 3 Councilperson - BJ Steele
 * District 4 Councilperson - Brian Hester

Education
Charlestown has numerous public schools, under the Greater Clark County Schools school district. Notable schools include: Pleasant Ridge Elementary School, Jonathan Jennings Elementary School, Charlestown Middle School, and Charlestown High School. Charlestown has a public library, a branch of the Charlestown-Clark County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Michael Cleveland, award-winning bluegrass fiddle player
 * Mary Garrett Hay, suffragist
 * Steve Hamilton, former NBA and MLB player
 * George Howk, Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court
 * Jonathan Jennings, first Indiana state Governor
 * Travis Meeks, front-man of Days of the New
 * Zach Payne, member of the Indiana House of Representatives
 * James Scott, Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court
 * Jesse Vest, bass player, Days of the New, Tantric
 * Days of the New, rock band

title: Charlestown, Indiana


text:
Clarksville, Indiana

Clarksville is a town in Clark County, Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River and is a part of the Louisville Metropolitan area. The population was 22,333 at the 2020 census. The town was founded in 1783 by early resident George Rogers Clark at the only seasonal rapids on the entire Ohio River, it is the oldest American town in the former Northwest Territory. The town is home to the Colgate clock, one of the largest clocks in the world and the Falls of the Ohio State Park, home to the world's largest exposed Devonian period fossil bed.

History
The site that would become Clarksville was first used as a base of operations by George Rogers Clark during the American Revolutionary War. In 1778 he established a post on an island at the head of the Falls of the Ohio, from which he trained his 175-man regiment. After the war, Clark was granted a tract of 150000 acre for his services in the war. In 1783, 1000 acre were set aside for the development of a town, Clarksville. The same year a stockade was built and settlement began.

The explorer William Clark was a younger brother of George Rogers Clark. Historian Stephen Ambrose writes of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in Undaunted Courage, "When they shook hands [at Clarksville], the Lewis and Clark Expedition began." A two-figure statue near the falls commemorates the expedition. Several localities other than Clarksville claim precedence for the start of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, most notably St. Louis, Missouri.

Due to the many floods in the nineteenth century and the Indiana Canal Company's failed competition to build a canal around the Ohio Falls, the town struggled. On August 24, 1805, the Indiana Territorial Legislature authorized the construction of a canal around the Falls of the Ohio at Clarksville. The first attempt failed and the investors lost their money. Historians believe it was used to finance the conspiracy of Aaron Burr. Developers tried to build a canal in 1817 and again in 1820. But the race to build the canal was lost in 1826 when the federal government made a large grant to build the Louisville and Portland Canal. The lack of a canal handicapped the growth of the town as the Falls of the Ohio made river transport from the city difficult.

Clarksville became a popular dueling spot for Kentuckians who wanted to dodge their home state's anti-dueling laws. The most famous of these was the 1809 duel between Henry Clay and Humphrey Marshall. There was an attempt to build a second town within Clarksville's boundaries, named Ohio Falls City, until the Indiana Supreme Court ruled that this would be illegal.

The town was managed by a ten-member Board of Trustees in the charter from Virginia. The trustees were allowed to align lots along roads and sell the lots for the proceeds to benefit the town. The trustees could elect replacements as needed and did not have to reside in the town. This remained controversial with residents until 1889 when the board stopped meeting and was replaced by a three-member board. One member was selected by the Floyd County Commissioners, one by the Clark County Commissioners, and one by residents of Clarksville. Between 1889 and 1937, the town established a five-member board entirely elected by residents. The historic records related to this governmental change were lost in the Ohio River flood of 1937.

The Great Flood of 1937 decimated the town. The entire town was submerged beneath as much as 12 ft of water in some areas for over three weeks during January and February. With almost all of the old town destroyed, Clarksville was rebuilt with a new modern city plan.

The post-World War II housing boom and new jobs brought growth to the city. The population increased from 2,400 in 1940 to 22,000 in 2000. The city has expanded to the north by annexing several sizable suburbs. By 1981 the State of Indiana changed statutes to convert the managing board of trustees to a council with members rather than trustees. In 1990 voters approved expansion of members of the Town Council from five to seven following the area growth. Clarksville is now the major shopping hub of Southern Indiana, with the hub area centered on Lewis and Clark Parkway and nearby Veterans Parkway.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Clarksville has a total area of 10.17 sqmi, of which 9.97 sqmi (or 98.03%) is land and 0.2 sqmi (or 1.97%) is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 21,724 people, 9,175 households, and 5,464 families living in the town. The population density was 2178.9 PD/sqmi. There were 9,839 housing units at an average density of 986.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 85.1% White, 5.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 5.7% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.5% of the population.

There were 9,175 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.4% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the town was 37.3 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,400 people, 8,984 households, and 5,561 families living in the town. The population density was 2,120.6 PD/sqmi. There were 9,537 housing units at an average density of 945.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 90.56% White, 5.59% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.93% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.08% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.80% of the population.

There were 8,984 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,473, and the median income for a family was $44,688. Males had a median income of $30,860 versus $23,329 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,315. About 5.6% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Attractions
Clarksville has the largest exposed fossil beds from the Devonian period. This area has now been incorporated in the Falls of the Ohio State Park, where the state has built an education center. The fossils include plant and marine life from a prehistoric coral reef that are 386 million years old.

Several other local parks included sports fields, such as the 332 acre Lapping Park, which contains a golf course, a Disc Golf course, soft ball field, shelter house, amphitheater, and hiking trails.

The city has the "7th largest clock in the world", at the former Colgate-Palmolive Plant near the Ohio River. Many locals still mistakenly claim it as the "2nd largest clock in the world", but it was surpassed years ago. As the Colgate company closed the plant in early 2008, the clock's future was in question. The town has vowed to keep the clock in its current location, which can be seen from across the river in downtown Louisville, Kentucky.

The Clarksville Little Theater is one of the oldest continuously running community theaters in the United States. Also located here is Derby Dinner Playhouse, the only dinner theater in the area.

Clarksville is home to several churches, including Southeast Christian Church, Faith Assembly Church, St. Anthony Parish, and Seven Pillars Church International.

The restaurant chain Texas Roadhouse first started in Clarksville, and its original location is open as an outlet at the Green Tree Mall. Clarksville is the home of the United States's second-largest Bass Pro at the River Falls Mall.

Education
Clarksville Community School Corporation, Greater Clark County Schools, and West Clark Community Schools serve sections of Clarksville.

Notable people

 * John James Audubon spent considerable time here, as he made many of his bird fieldbook sketches at the Falls of the Ohio.
 * Tony Bennett, former Indiana Director of Education
 * Frank Kimmel, a NASCAR driver, was born and lives in Clarksville.
 * Rose Will Monroe, aka Rosie the Riveter

Twin cities
The Clarksville sister or twin city program began in 1998. Bewdley and Melton Mowbray in the UK were the first sister cities to begin friendship ties in 1998 and 1999 and relations have continued. Most recently La Garenne-Colombes in Paris urban area, France joined the sister cities of Clarksville.

 * 🇬🇧 Bewdley, Worcestershire, United Kingdom
 * 🇬🇧 Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
 * 🇫🇷 La Garenne-Colombes, Île-de-France, France

title: Clarksville, Indiana


text:
Henryville, Indiana

Henryville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Monroe Township, Clark County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 1,905 at the 2010 census.

Henryville is home to Indiana's oldest state forest, Clark State Forest, and birthplace of entrepreneur Colonel Harland Sanders, whose iconic image appears in the Kentucky Fried Chicken logo and Grammy award-winning bluegrass fiddle player Michael Cleveland.

History
In 1850, the village of Morristown was established. It was renamed Henryville in 1853 to honor Colonel Henry Ferguson, who was once a colonel in the Pennsylvania militia. He purchased the land on which Henryville was established, and helped persuade Pennsylvania Railroad officials to run the line through Clark County. The Henryville post office was established in 1865.

2012 tornado
At approximately 3:15 p.m. (EST) on March 2, 2012, an EF4 tornado caused extensive damage to Henryville, killing one person. It was on the ground for more than 50 miles. The storm destroyed Henryville Elementary School and Henryville Jr/Sr High School.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 2.9 sqmi, all land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Henryville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,545 people, 583 households, and 434 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 535.6 PD/sqmi. There were 609 housing units at an average density of 211.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.16% White, 0.06% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.26% Asian, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population.

There were 583 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,405, and the median income for a family was $55,000. Males had a median income of $38,938 versus $22,043 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,745. About 6.2% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 27.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Henryville has an elementary, and junior/senior high school.

Henryville has a public library, a branch of the Charlestown-Clark County Public Library.

Highway
Interstate 65 passes north–south through the west side of Henryville and roughly parallels the older U.S. Route 31. Indiana State Road 160 intersects the previous two roads in Henryville.

Rail
The Louisville & Indiana Railroad runs north–south through Henryville and roughly parallels U.S. Route 31.

title: Henryville, Indiana


text:
Jeffersonville, Indiana

Jeffersonville is a city and the county seat of Clark County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River. Locally, the city is often referred to by the abbreviated name Jeff. It lies directly across the Ohio River to the north of Louisville, Kentucky, along I-65. The population was 49,447 at the 2020 census.

Jeffersonville began its existence as a settlement around Fort Finney after 1786 and was named after Thomas Jefferson in 1801, the year he took office.

Pre-founding
The foundation for what would become Jeffersonville began in 1786 when Fort Finney was established near where the Kennedy Bridge is today. U.S. Army planners chose the location for its view of a nearby bend in the Ohio River, which offered a strategic advantage in the protection of settlers from Native Americans. Overtime, a settlement grew. In 1791 the fort was renamed to Fort Steuben in honor of Baron von Steuben. Then in 1793 the fort was abandoned.

Early history
Precisely when the settlement became known as Jeffersonville is unclear, but it was probably around 1801, the year in which President Thomas Jefferson took office. In 1802 local residents used a grid pattern designed by Thomas Jefferson for the formation of a city. On September 13, 1803, a post office was established in the city. In 1808 Indiana's second federal land sale office was established in Jeffersonville, which initiated a growth in settling in Indiana that was further spurred by the end of the War of 1812.

In 1802, Jeffersonville replaced Springville as the county seat of Clark County. Charlestown was named the county seat in 1812 but it returned to Jeffersonville in 1878, where it remains.

In 1813 and 1814 Jeffersonville was briefly the de facto capital of the Indiana Territory, as then-governor Thomas Posey disliked then-capital Corydon and decided to live in Jeffersonville to be closer to his personal physician in Louisville. The territorial legislature remained in Corydon and communicated with Posey by messenger.

Shipbuilding
In 1819 the first shipbuilding took place in Jeffersonville, and steamboats would become key to Jeffersonville's economy. In 1834, James Howard built his first steamboat, named the Hyperion, in Jeffersonville. He established his ship building company in Jeffersonville that year but moved his business to Madison, Indiana in 1836 and remained there until 1844. Howard returned his business to the Jeffersonville area to its final location in Port Fulton in 1849. There is an annual festival held in September called Steamboat Days that celebrates Jeffersonville's heritage.

Underground Railroad
As a free state bordering the south, Indiana served as a crucial step along the Underground Railroad. By 1830, Jeffersonville was the first and largest route for fugitives crossing the Ohio River at Louisville. Hundreds of freedom seekers made their way north to Canada through Clark County. There were many instances where Jeffersonville citizens helped fugitives flee enslavement. In the 1850s, Mayors Oswald Wooley and Uriah Damron were arrested for "running off" enslaved people. In 1863, Hannah Tolliver, a black wash woman, was arrested on the Louisville, Kentucky wharf as she attempted to help another woman cross the Ohio River to freedom. Hannah was convicted and became one of seven women inmates at the Kentucky State Prison at Frankfort. Dr. Nathaniel Field moved from Middletown, Kentucky to Jeffersonville in 1829. He was the head of UGRR activity in Jeffersonville, hiding escapees in his cellar during the day and sending them on to the next "station" at night. Field was President of the Indiana Antislavery Society and friend of Levi Coffin, the head of the Underground Railroad at Cincinnati and at Richmond, Indiana.

The Rev. Calvin Fairbank was arrested in Jeffersonville for helping the woman, Tamar, escape. He was tried in Louisville and convicted and spent decades in the Frankfort prison.

Camp Joe Holt
During the Civil War Jeffersonville was one of the principal gateways to the South. This was largely due to its location directly opposite Louisville. Three railroads (including the Jeffersonville Railroad and the Ohio and Mississippi Railway) served Jeffersonville from the north, as well as the waterway of the Ohio River. Operating in the South, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad furnished the connecting link between Louisville and the rest of the South. These factors made the city a good location to house supplies and troops for the Union Army.

In 1862, two area regiments established the first military camp in the city. The location was christened Camp Joe Holt, and the name was retained when the camp was converted to a hospital called Joe Holt Hospital.

Evacuation to Jeffersonville
In September and October 1862, two Confederate armies led by Generals Braxton Bragg and E. Kirby Smith closed in on Louisville, a key strategic prize. General William "Bull" Nelson ordered women and children to evacuate. So many fled across the river to Jeffersonville that the city's hotels and rooming houses were filled to capacity. On September 24, General Don Carlos Buell and his men managed to reach Louisville barely ahead of the Confederates. The force of 100,000 Union soldiers successfully defended Louisville and forestalled any invasion.

Jefferson General Hospital
Between 1864 and 1866 Port Fulton (now within Jeffersonville) was home to Jefferson General Hospital, the third largest hospital in the country at that time. The institution was built to replace Joe Holt Hospital and occupied land obtained from U.S. Senator Jesse D. Bright, a Confederate sympathizer. The land stretched down to the Ohio River, facilitating patient transfer from riverboats to the hospital. The facility contained 24 wards each radiating out like spokes on a wheel and all connected by a corridor one-half mile in circumference. Each ward was 150 feet long and 22 feet wide and could accommodate 60 patients. Female nurses and matrons were quartered separately from the men. During its nearly three-year existence the institution cared for more than 16,000 patients and served more than 2,500,000 meals.

Construction of the Quartermaster Depot
The Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot had its first beginnings in the early days of the Civil War as a storage depot for the Union Quartermaster Department. As the war came to a close all military supply depots along the Ohio Valley were shut down (except Jeffersonville's), and their supplies were stored at the Jeffersonville location. In 1871, the U.S. Army began consolidating operations in the city into four square blocks. Throughout the rest of the 19th century, the Quartermaster Depot continued supplying troops engaged in frontier wars with Native Americans.

Construction of the Carnegie Library
On December 17, 1900, Jeffersonville officially opened a new Jeffersonville Township Public Library in a room above the Citizens National Bank. 1400 books formed the initial collection. Soon, the Carnegie Foundation donated $16,000 for the construction of a new library building – a beaux arts, copper-domed landmark. The building was designed by Jeffersonville architect Arthur Loomis. Masonic officials laid the building's cornerstone on September 19, 1903, in Warder Park. When the Carnegie Library opened in 1905, it contained 3,869 volumes. Whereas in later years grants from the Carnegie Foundation were scaled back to prevent the construction of lavish libraries, the library in Warder Park was relatively ornate.

Due to the Ohio River Flood of 1937, the library suffered a near total loss of its collection. However, it reopened in November 1937 thanks to months of work and donations of money and books.

World War I
During World War I, Jeffersonville contributed to the war effort largely through its production capabilities. On the eve of war, the Quartermaster Depot began producing a wide range in items, including saddles, harnesses, stoves, and kitchen utensils. Most famously, though, the depot produced 700,000 shirts per month, earning it the nickname "America's largest shirt factory." Meanwhile, the American Car and Foundry Company's local plant manufactured a variety of products ranging from components for over 228,000 artillery shells to 18,156 cake turners.

Shortly after the war ended in 1918, civilian employment at the Quartermaster Depot fell to 445, and military presence dropped to just ten officers and two enlisted.

Religious revivals in the 1920s
For a brief period in the mid-1920s and early 1930s, Roy E. Davis, a founding member of the 1915 Ku Klux Klan, hosted a series of religious revivals in Jeffersonville. He also moved his First Pentecostal Baptist Church there, and held revivals in neighboring states. Meanwhile, he routinely challenged the Jeffersonville Evening News for its depiction of his church, eventually starting a new publication called The Banner of Truth to publicize his services and aid recruitment. Much of his popularity stemmed from his vocal opposition of prohibition.

In 1934, a fire destroyed Davis's First Pentecostal Baptist Church. After years of legal trouble, Davis was denied a permit to rebuild. He left Jeffersonville, and William Branham – formerly a ministering elder in Davis's church – became pastor of the congregation. Branham moved the group to a new building, eventually naming it Branham Tabernacle, as it is known today.

Flood of 1937
Jeffersonville was one of many communities affected by the Ohio River flood of 1937. After record rainfall in mid-January, 90% of the city was flooded, electricity was lost, all roads leading into the city were covered, and a levee failed. The Indiana National Guard deployed to the area to help those displaced, distribute much-needed emergency supplies, inoculate residents for typhoid fever, and purify drinking water. Finally by the end of the month the water began to recede. The flood left an estimated $250 million worth of damage throughout the Ohio Valley.

"Little Las Vegas"
In the 1930s and 1940s, gambling was instrumental in Jeffersonville's recovery from the Great Depression and the Flood of 1937. This earned the town the nickname "Little Las Vegas". During this time, Jeffersonville attracted the likes of Clark Gable, John Dillinger, Al Capone, and others. After Clarence Amster, a New Albany resident was gunned down on July 2, 1937, public sentiment turned against gambling and the mobsters it brought. In 1938, James L. Bottorff was elected judge and announced that gambling would not be tolerated. The Club Greyhound, a major dog racing track known for fixing races, was raided and closed within a year, with others soon following.

World War II
Having acquired the Howard Shipyards in 1925, the U.S. Navy awarded the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company (later known as Jeffboat) a contract to build boats during World War II. Jeffboat built landing vessels such as the LST, and swelled in number of employees from 200 to 13,000 people. After the war ended, the Navy sold the Howard Shipyard to Jeffboat.

Also during World War II, the Quartermaster Depot, in conjunction with Fort Knox, Kentucky, housed German prisoners of war until 1945.

End of segregation
Jeffersonville ended segregation in its public schools in 1952, two years before the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education ruled that segregation was unconstitutional. Prior to this, Jeffersonville High School was reserved for white high school students. Meanwhile, black students in grades one through twelve were sent to Taylor High School. While The New York Times held up Jeffersonville as a model for all "southern-minded" cities, integration came at a cost. Though black students were allowed to attend the newly integrated Jeffersonville High School, black instructors previously employed at Taylor High School were terminated.

Annexation
On February 5, 2008, the city of Jeffersonville officially annexed four out of six planned annex zones. The proposed annexation of the other two zones was postponed due to lawsuits. One of the two areas remaining to be annexed was Oak Park, Indiana an area of about 5,000 more citizens. The areas annexed added about 5500 acre to the city and about 4,500 citizens, raising the population to an estimated 33,100. The total area planned to be annexed was 7800 acre. The areas received planning and zoning, building permits and drainage issues services immediately, with new in-city sewer rates. Other services were phased in, such as police and fire, and worked jointly with the pre-existing non-city services until they were available.

The Clark County Courts dismissed the lawsuits against the city on February 25, 2008. This dismissal brought the remaining Oak Park area into the city. The population of the city grew to nearly 50,000 citizens, making it the largest annexation in Jeffersonville's history.

Big Four Pedestrian Bridge and Big Four Station
Conceived in the 1990s and completed in 2014, the Big Four Bridge was converted to a pedestrian bridge in a joint effort between Kentucky and Indiana governments. An average of 1.5 million pedestrians and bicycles cross the roughly-1/2 mile bridge each year. 1/4 mile ramps complete the bridge on each end. The bridge is also decorated with a colorful LED lighting system that operates from twilight to 1 am. The lights can be customized by request.

On the Jeffersonville side of the bridge the city constructed Big Four Station, a plaza and park. The park features green space, fountains, a farmers market on Saturdays, a restroom, a bike-sharing station, a pavilion, a playground, and easy access to downtown shops and restaurants. Big Four Station is also the home of the annual Abbey Road on the River, the largest Beatles-inspired music festival in the world, as well as other annual celebrations.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Jeffersonville has a total area of 34.354 sqmi, of which 34.06 sqmi (or 99.14%) is land and 0.294 sqmi (or 0.86%) is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 44,953 people, 18,580 households, and 11,697 families living in the city. The population density was 1319.8 PD/sqmi. There were 19,991 housing units at an average density of 586.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 80.4% White, 13.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 1.9% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 4.1% of the population.

There were 18,580 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.0% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 37.3 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 27,362 people, 11,643 households, and 7,241 families living in the city. The population density was 2,014.7 PD/sqmi. There were 12,402 housing units at an average density of 913.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 82.50% White, 13.68% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.84% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 1.97% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.80% of the population.

There were 11,643 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.90.

The age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,234, and the median income for a family was $45,264. Males had a median income of $32,491 versus $24,738 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,656. About 6.9% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
A plethora of businesses call Jeffersonville home, including both locally owned and operated companies, as well as national ones. As of 2020, some of the top employers in the city included: Greater Clark County Schools (1600), Clark Memorial Hospital (1500), Clark Memorial Hospital Foundation (1066), Heartland Payment Systems (850), and Republic Bank & Trust of Indiana (721).

Dining and bars
Jeffersonville has a variety of restaurants along the river front, downtown, and other areas such as the Quartermaster Depot. These include small bars, restaurants, and fast food chains. Jeffersonville is also the birthplace of the pizza chain Papa John's Pizza.

Kitchen Kompact
Kitchen Kompact manufactures cabinetry in a converted portion of the Quartermaster Depot. The 750,000 square foot facility employs nearly 300 workers with an average tenure of 15 years. They produce around 10,000 cabinets per shift.

National Processing Center
Jeffersonville is home to the United States Bureau of the Census's National Processing Center – the bureau's primary center for collecting, capturing, and delivering data. The facility comprises approximately one million square feet, and processes millions of forms per year. It also employs 1200 to more than 6000 people, making it one of southern Indiana's largest employers.

River Ridge Commerce Center
The River Ridge Commerce Center is an industrial zone located on the outskirts of Jeffersonville near Charlestown, Indiana. Built on land previously occupied by the Indiana Army Ammunition Plant, it now hosts a variety of industries. These include manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, food & beverage, life sciences, logistics, and more.

Shipbuilding industry
Until 2018, Jeffersonville was the home of Jeffboat, the largest inland shipbuilder in the US. At its peak, the barge manufacturer employed over 13,000 employees. The company closed due to an overproduction of barges, marking the end of 200 years of shipbuilding in Jeffersonville. In 2022, city officials announced intentions to redevelop the 80-acre property.

Education
Jeffersonville public schools belong to the Greater Clark County school system.

Public schools

 * Franklin Square Elementary
 * Thomas Jefferson Elementary
 * Northaven Elementary
 * Riverside Elementary
 * Wilson Elementary
 * Parkview Middle School
 * River Valley Middle School
 * Jeffersonville High School

Private schools

 * Sacred Heart Catholic School

Events

 * Taste of Jeffersonville
 * Abbey Road on the River, music festival
 * The Great Steamboat Race
 * Jammin in Jeff, Riverstage concert series
 * Southern Indiana Pride Parade & Festival
 * Spring Street Festival, local art show and celebration
 * Steamboat Days, local celebration
 * Thunder Over Louisville, air show and fireworks display

Nearby points of interest

 * Big Four Bridge
 * Clark County Indiana Museum
 * Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area
 * Howard Steamboat Museum
 * Indiana Army Ammunition Plant
 * Jeffboat
 * Jeffersonville Township Public Library
 * Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot
 * NoCo Arts and Cultural District
 * Schimpff's Confectionery
 * Vintage Fire Museum
 * Warder Park

Notable people

 * Ernie Andres, MLB baseball player, basketball player and coach
 * William Branham, evangelist
 * Nick Dinsmore, professional wrestler
 * Amanda Ruter Dufour, poet
 * Drew Ellis, MLB fielder
 * Mike Flynn, basketball player
 * Jonas Ingram, United States Navy admiral, Medal of Honor recipient and United States Atlantic Fleet commander
 * Judy Lynn, country music singer
 * Travis Meeks, musician
 * Zach Payne, member of the Indiana House of Representatives
 * Linda Ridgway, artist
 * Duane Roland, guitarist, co-founder of Molly Hatchet
 * Jermaine Ross, NFL wide receiver
 * John Schnatter, entrepreneur, founder of Papa John's Pizza
 * Shanda Sharer, crime victim
 * Walt Terrell, MLB pitcher
 * Jimmy Wacker, MLB pitcher
 * Richard B. Wathen, politician
 * June Weybright, composer
 * Natalie West, actress

title: Jeffersonville, Indiana


text:
Memphis, Indiana

Memphis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Indiana, United States. The population was 695 at the 2010 census.

History
A post office established at Memphis Indiana in 1854. The original settlers were from Memphis, Tennessee.

2012 tornado outbreak
On March 2, 2012, a tornado between Henryville and Memphis damaged 15 homes on Broadway. Homes were also damaged on Stricker Rd. Volunteers from as far as Germany and Singapore went to Memphis to help.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.5 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 400 people, 157 households, and 121 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 160.1 PD/sqmi. There were 168 housing units at an average density of 67.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.50% White, 0.50% Native American, 0.25% Pacific Islander, and 0.75% from two or more races.

There were 157 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,658, and the median income for a family was $41,528. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,054. About 5.9% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over.

title: Memphis, Indiana


text:
New Washington, Indiana

New Washington is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 566.

History
New Washington was established in 1815. A post office was established at New Washington in 1819.

New Washington was the closest community to the now-defunct Marble Hill Nuclear Power Plant.

Geography
New Washington is located in northeastern Clark County. Indiana State Road 62 runs through the center of the community, leading north then east 19 mi to Madison and southwest 24 mi to Jeffersonville across the Ohio River from Louisville, Kentucky.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 13.5 km2, of which 0.04 sqkm, or 0.29%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 547 people, 228 households, and 163 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 104.8 PD/sqmi. There were 253 housing units at an average density of 48.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.63% White and 0.37% African American.

There were 229 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,368, and the median income for a family was $42,292. Males had a median income of $31,359 versus $14,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,343. About 2.3% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
New Washington has a public library, elementary school, middle/high school, and a branch of the Charlestown-Clark County Public Library.

title: New Washington, Indiana


text:
Oak Park, Indiana

Oak Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Indiana, United States. The population was 5,379 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.2 sqmi, of which 2.2 sqmi is land and 0.45% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,379 people, 2,081 households, and 1,569 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,407.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,186 housing units at an average density of 978.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.38% White, 10.49% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.63% of the population.

There were 2,081 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,663, and the median income for a family was $56,844. Males had a median income of $32,708 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,445. About 2.9% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 0.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Oak Park, Indiana


text:
Sellersburg, Indiana

Sellersburg is a town located within Silver Creek Township, Clark County, Indiana, United States. It had a population of 9,310 at the time of the 2020 census. Sellersburg is located along Interstate 65, about 15 minutes north of Louisville.

History
Sellersburg takes its name from its founder, Moses Sellers, who laid out the town in 1846. Sellersburg was incorporated in 1890. The first post office at Sellersburg was established in 1854, at which time the name was spelled Sellersburgh.

Silver Creek High School's boys' basketball team won the 2019 and 2021 IHSAA 3-A state championships.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Sellersburg has a total area of 7.47 sqmi, of which 7.41 sqmi (or 99.19%) is land and 0.06 sqmi (or 0.8%) is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,128 people, 2,443 households, and 1,697 families living in the town. The population density was 1555.3 PD/sqmi. There were 2,595 housing units at an average density of 658.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.2% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 2.9% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.5% of the population.

There were 2,443 households, of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.5% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the town was 38 years. 24.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 14.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,072 people, 2,407 households, and 1,757 families living in the town. The population density was 1,515.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,535 housing units at an average density of 632.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.48% White, 1.04% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.28% Native American, 0.25% African American, 0.16% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races.

There were 2,407 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,832, and the median income for a family was $46,512. Males had a median income of $30,977 versus $21,974 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,648. About 4.1% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 2.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Silver Creek School Corporation operates a primary, elementary, middle, and high school in Sellersburg.

Silver Creek School Corporation was created after the West Clark Community School board voted unanimously to permit the divorce of Silver Creek schools from the district on November 9, 2017.

Sellersburg has a public library, a branch of the Charlestown-Clark County Public Library. A campus of Ivy Tech Community College is also located in Sellersburg.

Politics
In December 2021, local residents of Sellersburg formed a grassroots political movement called "Keep Sellersburg Small" in response to rapid growth, commercialization, and development of multi-family housing in the area. Many residents have complained about excessive traffic due to these issues and have called on the Town Council of Sellersburg to limit the growth.

Transportation
In the early 1980s the Clark Regional Airport was constructed, a regional airport supporting small and mid-size aircraft.

Notable people

 * Will Kimmel - NASCAR and ARCA driver

title: Sellersburg, Indiana


text:
Utica, Indiana

Utica is a town in Utica Township, Clark County, Indiana, United States. The population was 776 at the 2010 census.

History
From 1794 to 1825, Utica was a popular ferry crossing, as ferry crossings were considered too dangerous at Jeffersonville, due to inexperienced ferry operators and the Falls of the Ohio. James Noble Wood, the founder of Utica, was the first ferryman in the area, and he served as one of only a handful of territorial judges in "Indian Territory" during this period.

After a flood in 1997, Utica grew because it was required to strengthen its building, planning, and zoning laws in order to obtain Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and Indiana DNR rebuilding funds. However, Utica is unlikely to see much more growth due to being surrounded by the Port of Indiana – Jeffersonville, a new I-265 bridge over the Ohio River at Utica (complete late 2016), and the River Ridge Commerce Center.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, Utica has a total area of 1.448 sqmi, of which 1.27 sqmi (or 87.71%) is land and 0.178 sqmi (or 12.29%) is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 776 people, 328 households, and 212 families living in the town. The population density was 611.0 PD/sqmi. There were 379 housing units at an average density of 298.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 89.6% White, 3.4% African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 1.9% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.

There were 328 households, of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.4% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the town was 43.3 years. 19.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.4% were from 25 to 44; 33.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 591 people, 254 households, and 164 families living in the town. The population density was 1,361.7 PD/sqmi. There were 279 housing units at an average density of 642.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.63% White, 1.02% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 254 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.0% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 33.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,023, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $35,156 versus $19,821 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,518. About 5.3% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Utica, Indiana


text:
Brazil, Indiana

Brazil is a city in Clay County, Indiana, United States. The population was 8,176 at the 2022 census. The city is the county seat of Clay County. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
In the 1840s, the owners of the farmland that would later become the city of Brazil decided to name their farm after the country of Brazil, because that country was often the subject of news at the time. The city was founded in 1866. As of 2024, Brazil is a part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. Clay County, formed in 1825, originally had Bowling Green as its county seat. The county seat was relocated to Brazil in 1876, following the city's development.

The Chafariz dos Contos Fountain (from "contos de réis", a former Brazilian currency) was given to the city by the country of Brazil as a symbol of friendship. It was assembled in Forest Park in 1956. It is a replica of the original fountain located in Ouro Preto, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, built in 1745.

In 2010, Brazil gained national attention for having accepted money from Kentucky Fried Chicken for the rights to display the KFC and Fiery Grilled Wings logos on city fire hydrants.

The Brazil Downtown Historic District, Clay County Courthouse, Clay County Hospital, Meridian-Forest Historic District, and US Post Office-Brazil are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Brazil is located at 39.525°N, -87.1275°W (39.525000, -87.127500).

According to the 2010 census, Brazil has a total area of 3.058 sqmi, of which 3.03 sqmi (or 99.08%) is land and 0.028 sqmi (or 0.92%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 8,181 people, 3,664 households, and 3,282 families living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 94.0% White, 0.9% African American, 0.0% Native American, 0.0% Asian, and 3.9% of households with two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 7,912 people, 3,154 households, and 2,018 families living in the city. The population density was 2611.2 PD/sqmi. There were 3,583 housing units at an average density of 1182.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.1% White, 0.6% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 3,154 households, of which 35.1% included children under the age of 18, 41.7% were married couples living together, 16.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.0% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were composed of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 36.2 years. 26% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.2% were 25 to 44; 23.9% were 45 to 64; and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 8,188 people, 3,383 households, and 2,151 families living in the city. The population density was 2,450.6 PD/sqmi. There were 3,740 housing units at an average density of 1,119.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.80% White, 0.64% African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.

There were 3,383 households, of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were composed of individuals, and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.01.

The age demographics were 25.8% of people under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,902, and the median income for a family was $37,569. Males had a median income of $29,693 versus $20,215 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,123. About 10.7% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

Poverty
A 2018 study by 24/7 Wall Street found that Brazil is the poorest city in Indiana. At the time of the study, 31.6% of Brazil's population lived below the poverty line.

Government
The government consists of a mayor and a city council. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city council consists of five members. Four are elected from individual districts while one is elected at large. The current chief executive of Brazil is Mayor Brian Wyndham (D).

Education
The city has a free lending library, the Brazil Public Library.

Airport
The Brazil Clay County Airport is a public-use airport located in Clay County, 3 nmi south of Brazil's central business district.

Notable people

 * Gerald Eades Bentley, scholar of Elizabethan theater
 * Gene Cramer, NBL player
 * George N. Craig, governor of Indiana, Past National Commander of American Legion
 * Johnnie Davis, musician, band leader
 * Joe Dean, American basketball player, announcer and college athletic director
 * John Dugan, actor
 * Ivan Fuqua, winner of gold medal in 4×400m relay at the 1932 Summer Olympics
 * Charles B. Hall, iconic combat fighter pilot and U.S. Army Air Corps Officer with the Tuskegee Airmen
 * Jimmy Hoffa, Labour Union leader
 * Judy Ledgerwood, Abstract painter and educator
 * Gayle Porter Hoskins, illustrator
 * Stuart Randall, actor who played Sheriff Mort Corey on Laramie
 * Orville Redenbacher, popcorn tycoon
 * Ralph Francis Stearley, 2-star Air Force general in Gen. Eisenhower's Cabinet
 * Henry Lee Summer, 1980s pop singer
 * David Goggins, US Navy Seal, Motivational Speaker, Ultramarathon runner, New York Times bestselling author

Climate
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "CFA" (humid subtropical climate).

title: Brazil, Indiana


text:
Carbon, Indiana

Carbon is a town in Van Buren Township, Clay County, Indiana, United States. The population was 397 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Carbon had its start by the building of the railroad through that territory. A post office was established at Carbon in 1870. It was named after the Carbon Coal Company.

Geography
Carbon is located at 39.59889°N, -87.1075°W (39.598974, -87.107510).

According to the 2010 census, Carbon has a total area of 0.16 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 397 people, 138 households, and 98 families living in the town. The population density was 2481.3 PD/sqmi. There were 165 housing units at an average density of 1031.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.7% White, 2.3% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.

There were 138 households, of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.0% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.40.

The median age in the town was 35.6 years. 30.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.4% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 9.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 334 people, 122 households, and 86 families living in the town. The population density was 2,109.4 PD/sqmi. There were 136 housing units at an average density of 858.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.70% White, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.

There were 122 households, out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,208, and the median income for a family was $37,656. Males had a median income of $25,341 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,089. About 15.5% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 24.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Carbon, Indiana


text:
Center Point, Indiana

Center Point is a town in Sugar Ridge Township, Clay County, Indiana, United States. The population was 242 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Center Point was platted in 1856. It was named from its position near the geographical center of the county.

Geography
Center Point is located at 39.41583°N, -87.07667°W (39.415791, -87.076710).

According to the 2010 census, Center Point has a total area of 0.76 sqmi, of which 0.74 sqmi (or 97.37%) is land and 0.02 sqmi (or 2.63%) is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 242 people, 104 households, and 64 families living in the town. The population density was 327.0 PD/sqmi. There were 113 housing units at an average density of 152.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.3% White, 0.4% African American, and 1.2% Asian.

There were 104 households, of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.5% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the town was 40 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 45.5% male and 54.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 292 people, 102 households, and 78 families living in the town. The population density was 394.7 PD/sqmi. There were 115 housing units at an average density of 155.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.66% White, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.34% of the population.

There were 102 households, out of which 47.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.5% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 36.3% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $50,833, and the median income for a family was $52,917. Males had a median income of $29,844 versus $31,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,110. About 4.1% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.8% of those 65 or over.

title: Center Point, Indiana