text:
Talk:Madison County, Alabama

how to edit
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title: Talk:Madison County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Marengo County, Alabama

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Possible External Link
Hello,

There is an article on the Encyclopedia of Alabama that might be worthy of an external link from this text. Please visit http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1199 to view the article. I used to work for the EOA, so I have an interest in promoting the project, something that is unethical on WIkipedia. Please review the link and decide for yourself whether it is relevant.

Thanks 22star (talk) 18:35, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Marengo County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Marion County, Alabama

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Possible External Link
Hello,

There is an article on the Encyclopedia of Alabama that might be worthy of an external link from this text. Please visit http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1200 to view the article. I used to work for the EOA, so I have an interest in promoting the project, something that is unethical on WIkipedia. Please review the link and decide for yourself whether it is relevant.

Thanks 22star (talk) 18:42, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

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 * Tice? 67.146.184.156 (talk) 01:18, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marion County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Marshall County, Alabama

Untitled
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Could be more encyclopedic
With sentences like "Feast on fancy delights, rich enough for a king." this article reads more like a tourism puff piece than an entry in an encyclopedia. It could use some attention and rewriting, some of which I hope to contribute in the near future. - Dravecky 06:46, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Marshall County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Mobile County, Alabama

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External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1332, that might be useful. Thanks, Justin —Preceding unsigned comment added by Duboiju (talk • contribs) 19:11, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mobile County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Monroe County, Alabama

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Possible External Link
Hello,

There is an article on the Encyclopedia of Alabama that might be worthy of an external link from this text. Please visit http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1203 to view the article. I used to work for the EOA, so I have an interest in promoting the project, something that is unethical on WIkipedia. Please review the link and decide for yourself whether it is relevant.

Thanks 22star (talk) 19:08, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

Concerning possible link
I think that this link is a very good and useful additional source of information on Monroe County, Alabama. I, too, may be seen as being biased in my view because I am a native of Monroe County, although I have not lived there for many years. Perhaps you could ask "further up the chain" or inquire at the village pump. I think it is relevant.--Paraballo (talk) 02:21, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Need for protection
I feel there is a need for making this page semiprotected. This is being done because some vandal changed this article to be about the fictional Maycomb County. Such actions need to be put a stop to.John Pack Lambert 18:10, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

The Harper Lee page is semiprotected, and the same general reasons for such a protection apply here. In fact, we are probably more threatened by vandalism here while the Lee page is protected.John Pack Lambert 18:16, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Monroe County Heritage Museum Link
The old link was to a site that the museum staff do not maintain any more. They have purchased http://www.tokillamockingbird.com/ and that is the official site for the Museum now. Jasgrider (talk) 00:52, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

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Tom Tate
I believe because of all the scrutiny that 19-year Sheriff Tom Tate has been subject, that he should be present in this article or even have his own article.Wjhonson (talk) 19:18, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Monroe County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Montgomery County, Alabama

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Translation into Chinese Wikipedia
The 21:21, 14 April 2008 Thingg version of this article is translated into Chinese Wikipedia.--Philopp (talk) 18:21, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1336, that might be useful. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 19:13, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Montgomery County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Morgan County, Alabama

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External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1353, that might be useful. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 19:45, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Morgan County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Perry County, Alabama

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External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1292, that might merit an external link. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 18:09, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perry County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Pickens County, Alabama

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title: Talk:Pickens County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Pike County, Alabama

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External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1352, that might be useful. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 19:49, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pike County, Alabama


text:
User:Infrogmation

I am a New Orleanian who started contributing to Wikipedia in September of 2002 and became an Administrator in February of 2003. (A year later I became Wikipedia's 7th Bureaucrat, which I since let lapse as my Wikimedia activity switched to other things).

I am more active over on Wikimedia Commons now, but I'm still around here a good deal.

Opinions
In the early stages of the project, I thought Wikipedia a good idea, sort of a "half-assed encyclopedia", but hey, it was free and online. Wikipedia and Wikimedia gradually developed into something greater and more important.

While the general quality of Wikipedia articles continues to rise, I note that there is still a tendency towards a certain mediocrity. Crowdsourced editing tends to take very poor articles and make them better - but on the other hand unusually well researched, well organized, and well written articles tend to degrade by many small not particularly useful changes.

I think the "anyone can edit" without logging in was great for getting things going in the early years of the project, but that should have long ago been phased out and logging in to edit should now be required.

I also think that first image uploads by new users on Commons should be required to be reviewed before they become publicly accessible - too many new user's first uploads are copyright violations or have false information. I think too many people don't bother to read the basic requirements first - I blame it on corporate websites with long terms & conditions that people have gotten in the habit of "agreeing" to without reading. New users' first activity on Commons should not be to commit copyright fraud.

Me
For years from my tweens to early 20s I bounced around where I was living from New Orleans and Broward County, Florida USA, and S.E. Mexico/Northern Central America - mostly Mérida, Yucatán, Antigua Guatemala, and Belize City. I wish I took lots more photos back in the day, especially in Yucatán - and of course in New Orleans places before the Federal Flood of 2005.

More about me: User:Infrogmation/Personal info - a bit out of date, but covers the basics.

https://jazztodon.com/@Infrogmation

da:Bruger:Infrogmation de:Benutzer:Infrogmation es:Usuario:Infrogmation fr:Utilisateur:Infrogmation

title: User:Infrogmation


text:
Talk:Randolph County, Alabama

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Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. Counties standards might help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ram-Man (talk • contribs) 19:34, 1 October 2002 (UTC)

I removed the website link because it looked like something that a domain name squatter would have done. Every link on the page leads to a page of "Sponsored Results", and I don't see how readers who are interested in Randolph County, AL would also be interested in "Greensboro", "Nc", "Missouri Home", and "Realtor". Sharpestmarble (talk) 23:49, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

My additions to unincorporated communities the county were removed as “unsourced” but to the contrary the source is the very county map of raids and towns that is linked to at the end of references. I grew up here and live here now and if you list Hobson, which is nothing more than a historical community that no longer exists, yet do not list Rock Stand, Potash, nor Big Springs, which are current and long standing communities, then the article is surely inaccurate by the reference map itself. I request my additions to communities be reconsidered and re-instated. Thanks. Rhonda Taylor — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rhondataylor (talk • contribs) 02:39, 27 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi Rhonda. I deleted the communities you added because they were unsourced and did not appear to improve the article.  All of the blue colored communities allow readers to visit the article and learn more about the place, while redlinks simply lists the name of a place with no evedence the place actually exists.  I have added back Big Springs and Potash, with a source, as they appear to be populated places, however, Rock Stand and Tin Shop are listed in GNIS as "locales", which are places "at which there is or was human activity" but "does not include populated places".  These places are generally not listed as unincorporated communities, however, if you are able to find sources supporting that these places were once populated please included them.  It would be great if you could create articles about Big Springs and Potash. Magnolia677 (talk) 09:46, 27 September 2018 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1300, that might merit an external link. Thanks, Justin —Preceding unsigned comment added by Duboiju (talk • contribs) 18:22, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Randolph County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Russell County, Alabama

Untitled
Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. Counties standards might help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ram-Man (talk • contribs) 19:35, 1 October 2002 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1335, that might be useful. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 19:15, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russell County, Alabama


text:
Bromley and Chislehurst (UK Parliament constituency)

Bromley and Chislehurst was a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2006 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Bob Neill, a Conservative.

Constituency profile
The Bromley and Chislehurst constituency is relatively prosperous in terms of income and has low unemployment; it is largely suburban with significant parkland and sports areas. Most of the housing is owner-occupied although there are significant proportions of social housing in parts of Mottingham and Bromley Common. The 2011 census shows that the borough is 84.3% White European/British, lower than the national average (86%) and higher than then London average (59%).

Until 2006 it was one of the Conservative Party's safest seats; the by-election of that year saw the party's electoral majority fall steeply from over 13,000 (in the 2005 election) to just over 600 votes. The party has since rebuilt its majority, which currently stands at just under 11,000.

History
The Bromley parliamentary constituency was created in 1918. In 1974 Bromley became Ravensbourne.

Before the 1997 election western wards of Chislehurst merged with eastern wards in Ravensbourne to form Bromley and Chislehurst.

Bromley/Ravensbourne/Chislehurst summary
The earlier Bromley seat, later Ravensbourne, was markedly prosperous in regional terms and did not elect Labour Members of Parliament (MPs) during its 1918 to 1974 existence. However, one of the Ravensbourne wards, Plaistow and Sundridge, had a communist councillor in the 1940s. Prime Minister (1957–1963) Harold Macmillan was the MP for Bromley from 1945 until his retirement in 1964, when he was succeeded by John Hunt. Hunt, on the left of the Conservative Party, held the seat (renamed Ravensbourne in 1974) until 1997.

The Chislehurst seat had a Labour Party MP from 1966 until 1970.

A by-election was held on 29 June 2006, upon the death of the previous MP Eric Forth the month before, which returned London Assembly member Bob Neill as the new Conservative MP with an electoral majority of just over 600 votes – compared to the previous Conservative majority of over 13,000 in the 2005 general election. Turnout was down by a significant margin. In 2010 Bob Neill was re-elected with a Conservative majority greater than that achieved in 2005.

Boundaries
1997–2010: The London Borough of Bromley wards of Bickley, Bromley Common and Keston, Chislehurst, Hayes, Martins Hill and Town, Mottingham, and Plaistow and Sundridge.

2010–2024: The London Borough of Bromley wards of Bickley, Bromley Town, Chislehurst, Cray Valley West, Mottingham and Chislehurst North, and Plaistow and Sundridge.

Bromley and Chislehurst constituency covered the northern part of the London Borough of Bromley including the east of Bromley, its town centre, and Chislehurst.

Abolition
Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished for the 2024 general election, with its contents distributed three ways:

 * The majority of the electorate, comprising Bickley, Bromley, Plaistow and Sundridge, to form the basis of the new constituency of Bromley and Biggin Hill
 * Chislehurst and Mottingham to be included in the new constituency of Eltham and Chislehurst
 * The Cray Valley West ward (St Paul's Cray) to be reunited with Cray Valley East (St Mary's Cray) in the Orpington constituency


text:
Talk:Shelby County, Alabama

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title: Talk:Shelby County, Alabama


text:
Talk:St. Clair County, Alabama

Untitled
Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. Counties standards might help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ram-Man (talk • contribs) 19:37, 1 October 2002 (UTC)

Why won't the map resolve itself? vLaDsINgEr 01:48, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1297, that might merit an external link. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 18:24, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:St. Clair County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Sumter County, Alabama

Untitled
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External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1293, that might merit an external link. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 18:12, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sumter County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Talladega County, Alabama

Untitled
Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. Counties standards might help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ram-Man (talk • contribs) 19:39, 1 October 2002 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1299, that might merit an external link. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 18:26, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Flags
The addition of the Ulster Banner to represent Scots-Irish and the Flag of Malawi to represent Africa is complete original research to put it politely. The UB is not even the flag of Northern Ireland let alone representative of Scots-Irish and don't see how the flag of a part of the continent of Africa can be used to represnt the whole continent. Mo ainm ~Talk  21:45, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

The Ulster Banner as the flagion of the Scots-Irish is in use throughout Wikipedia's Demographic sections. The pages for many states and counties use it and it does not constitute original research. This claim that it does is false. Thesouthernhistorian45 (talk) 00:12, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
 * And you have a source to back it up I presume. Mo ainm  ~Talk  00:20, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

Communities
I notice that Jenifer, a community close to Munford, is not listed in here. Is it in this county, or in a different one? Mullins315 (talk) 18:48, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

 * , looks like it is per the GNIS:https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/159858

title: Talk:Talladega County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Tallapoosa County, Alabama

Untitled
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External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1339, that might be useful. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 19:19, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Convict leasing post Reconstruction
"Slavery By Another Name" by Douglas Blackmon 2603:9000:F800:CC9D:43E1:F6BE:315F:926F (talk) 21:44, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tallapoosa County, Alabama


text:
Talk:Tuscaloosa County, Alabama

Untitled
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Seal

 * I've redrawn the county seal and posted it to BhamWiki (link). If someone else wants to wrestle with Wikipedia's policy on non-free content, they can upload it here under Fair Use. --Dystopos (talk) 18:37, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1298, that might be useful as an external link. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 16:35, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tuscaloosa County, Alabama


text:
Ladislav Kupkovič

Ladislav Kupkovič (17 March 1936 – 15 June 2016) was a Slovak composer and conductor.

Life
Kupkovič was born in Bratislava, and studied violin and conducting there, first at the conservatory, then at the Academy of Performing Arts. He played violin in the Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra from 1960 to 1965, and then began to write music for television and film to make a living. At the same time, he was writing more experimental music for concerts. In 1969 he won a music scholarship to West Berlin, and emigrated there the following year. In 1971, he conducted the premiere of Karlheinz Stockhausen's Mixtur in Cologne, a piece dedicated to Kupkovič himself. In the same year, he began to teach music theory at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hannover, and lived in Haste near Hannover until his death. During the 1970s he was associated with the Cologne School.

Wandelkonzerte
Kupkovič has probably become best known for his experiments with the concert form in the 1970s. In Musik für das Ruhrfestspielhaus (1970), he arranged forty performers to play a number of pieces in a concert hall in Recklinghausen over the course of three hours. The pieces were played in various parts of the building, some of them at the same time. Kupkovič called this kind of concert a Wandelkonzert (meaning "walking concert"), and Wandelkonzerte have often invited comparisons to John Cage's Musicircus events. The idea was expanded for Klanginvasion auf Bonn (1971), for which 150 musicians played at various venues in Bonn over the course of twelve hours. There is some similarity here to Trevor Wishart's community pieces like Forest Singularity.

Some of the music played in the Wandelkonzerte was written by Kupkovič himself, some of it by other people. Much of it, however, was music by older classical composers which had been altered and adapted by Kupkovič. This process is typical of Kupkovič's instrumental works, and can be seen in such pieces as the series of four Präparierte Texte from 1968. These pieces take quite insignificant parts from well-known pieces of the past, such as the viola or bass drum parts, and isolate them, thus making central music which in its original context was incidental and often barely audible. Präparierter Text 1 is adapted from the second movement of Brahms' Symphony No. 1, and is for violin and magnetic tape; Präparierter Text 2 is adapted from the first movement of Mozart's Jupiter Symphony (No. 41), and is for flute, trumpet, timpani, violin, cello and double bass; Präparierter Text 3 is adapted from the fourth movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, and is for cymbal, bass drum and magnetic tape; and Präparierter Text 4 is adapted from the Ricercar a 6 from Johann Sebastian Bach's Musical Offering and is for chamber orchestra (a version for full orchestra followed in 1970).

Musical style
Kupkovič also adapted old pieces by taking small elements from them and repeating them with only slight variation. This technique was used in Morceau de Genre based on a small piece for violin and piano by Edward Elgar. It exists in versions for violin, trumpet, timpani and strings; solo piano; violin and piano; solo accordion; and violin and accordion. The constant repetition of two-bar figures from the original piece with very little variation is either extremely witty or extremely irritating, depending on the point of view.

Kupkovič is one of the few composers to have written a significant amount of music for the accordion. As well as the versions of Morceau de Genre, he has written 312-SL / 723 (1978) for two accordions, and in 1980 wrote a concerto for the instrument. This concerto was in the later diatonic style which Kupkovič turned to. The harmonies in these later pieces are very simple, and the works have sometimes been compared to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Kupkovič has been extremely prolific in this style.

Although a return to a simpler form of harmony and to older musical forms may be seen as a kind of neo-classicism, it is a very different sort to that used by Igor Stravinsky. Unlike his music, Kupkovič's has no sense of irony and in many cases could be confused for a piece from the classical music era. The composer Gavin Bryars has said of these works that "there is a sense of peering into the past through a distorting lens that manages to reveal a clear picture, but a picture that never existed until the lens was put in place".

Recordings of his works
Many of Kupkovič's pieces have been recorded. His short piece for violin and piano from 1968, Souvenir, has been recorded several times, most recently by Gidon Kremer. Some recent works are published by Tre Media Musikverlage in Karlsruhe. The Slovak label Diskant has recorded several works by Kupkovič for string quartet: Initials for String Quartet, String Quartet in B major No. 7, and Quintet for Accordion and String Quartet (Moyzes Quartet, Boris Lenko accordion: DK 0112-2131), for violin and piano: Sonatina in D major No. 3, Theme and 13 Variations, Sonata in F minor No. 5, Armenian Songs from Garin, March in F major, Double March in G major, Compliment, Talisman, Souvenir (Czechoslovak Chamber Duo - Pavel Burdych, violin and Zuzana Berešová, piano: DK0167-2131), as well as a number of pieces for cello.

title: Ladislav Kupkovič


text:
Talk:Walker County, Alabama

Untitled
Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. Counties standards might help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ram-Man (talk • contribs) 19:41, 1 October 2002 (UTC)

Possible External Link
Hello,

There is an article on the Encyclopedia of Alabama that might be worthy of an external link from this text. Please visit http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1185 to view the article. I used to work for the EOA, so I have an interest in promoting the project, something that is unethical on WIkipedia. Please review the link and decide for yourself whether it is relevant.

Thanks 22star (talk) 15:14, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Walker County, Alabama


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Kid Ory

Edward "Kid" Ory (December 25, 1886 – January 23, 1973) was an American jazz composer, trombonist and bandleader. One of the early users of the glissando technique, he helped establish it as a central element of New Orleans jazz.

He was born near LaPlace, Louisiana and moved to New Orleans on his 21st birthday, to Los Angeles in 1910 and to Chicago in 1925. The Ory band later was an important force in reviving interest in New Orleans jazz, making radio broadcasts on The Orson Welles Almanac program in 1944, among other shows. In 1944–45, the group made a series of recordings for the Crescent label, which was founded by Nesuhi Ertegun for the express purpose of recording Ory's band.

Ory retired from music in 1966 and spent his last years in Hawaii.

Biography
Ory was born in 1886 to a Louisiana French-speaking family of Black Creole descent, on Woodland Plantation in Laplace, now the site of the 1811 Kid Ory Historic House. Ory started playing music with homemade instruments in his childhood, and by his teens was leading a well-regarded band in southeast Louisiana. He kept LaPlace as his base of operations because of family obligations until his twenty-first birthday, when he moved his band to New Orleans.

Ory was a banjo player during his youth, and it is said that his ability to play the banjo helped him develop "tailgate", a particular style of playing the trombone with a rhythmic line underneath the trumpets and cornets. His use of glissando helped establish it as a central element of New Orleans Jazz.

When Ory was living on Jackson Avenue, he was discovered by Buddy Bolden, playing his first new trombone, instead of an old Civil War trombone. Ory's sister said he was too young to play with Bolden.

He moved his six-piece band to New Orleans in 1910. Ory had one of the best-known bands in New Orleans in the 1910s, hiring many of the great jazz musicians of the city, including the cornetists Joe "King" Oliver, Mutt Carey, and Louis Armstrong, who joined the band in 1919; and the clarinetists Johnny Dodds and Jimmie Noone.

In 1919, he moved to Los Angeles —one of several New Orleans musicians to do so at the time—and he recorded there in 1922 with a band that included Mutt Carey, the clarinetist and pianist Dink Johnson, and the string bassist Ed Garland. Garland and Carey were long-time associates who would still be playing with Ory during his 1940s comeback. While in Los Angeles, Ory and his band recorded two instrumentals, "Ory's Creole Trombone" and "Society Blues", as well as a number of songs. They were the first jazz recordings made on the West Coast by an African American jazz band from New Orleans, Louisiana. His band recorded with Nordskog Records; Ory paid Nordskog for the pressings and then sold them with his own label, "Kid Ory's Sunshine Orchestra", at Spikes Brothers Music Store in Los Angeles.

In 1925, Ory moved to Chicago, where he was very active, working and recording with Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton, Oliver, Johnny Dodds, Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and many others. He mentored Benny Goodman and, later, Charles Mingus. He was said to have attempted to take trombone lessons from a "German guy" who played in the Chicago symphony, but Ory was turned away after a few lessons. Ory was a member of the original lineup of Louis Armstrong's Hot Five which first recorded on November 12, 1925. His composition "Muskrat Ramble" was included in the Hot Five session in February 1926.

During the Great Depression Ory retired from music and did not play again until 1943. In 1941, he was a pallbearer at the funeral of Jelly Roll Morton in Los Angeles, California. He ran a chicken farm in Los Angeles. From 1944 to about 1961, he led one of the top New Orleans–style bands of the period. His sidemen during this period included, In addition to Carey and Garland, the trumpeters Alvin Alcorn and Teddy Buckner; the clarinetists Darnell Howard, Jimmie Noone, Albert Nicholas, Barney Bigard, and George Probert; the pianists Buster Wilson, Cedric Haywood, and Don Ewell; and the drummer Minor Hall. All but Buckner, Probert, and Ewell were originally from New Orleans.

The Ory band was an important force in reviving interest in New Orleans jazz, making popular 1940s radio broadcasts—among them spots on The Orson Welles Almanac program (beginning March 15, 1944). In 1944–1945, the group made a series of recordings for the Crescent label, which was founded by Nesuhi Ertegun for the express purpose of recording Ory's band.

During the late 1940s and early 1950s, Ory and his group appeared at the Beverly Cavern in Los Angeles. In 1958, he purchased the Tin Angel nightclub in San Francisco from Peggy Tolk–Watkins, and he renamed it On-The-Levee. The nightclub closed in July 1961, and in 1962 the building was demolished due to the creation of the Embarcadero Freeway.

Personal life
Ory retired from music in 1966, and spent his last years in Hawaii, with the assistance of Trummy Young. Ory died of pneumonia and a heart attack in Honolulu. He was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California.

He had a wife named Elizabeth. Ory was Catholic, baptized at St Peter Church in Reserve, Louisiana.

Legacy
In 2021, the 1811 Kid Ory Historic House opened on the site of Woodland Plantation in LaPlace, Louisiana, which is in the National Register of Historic Places of the United States. The museum is dedicated both to the 1811 German Coast uprising of enslaved people and to Ory.

Partial discography

 * 1950 Kid Ory and His Creole Dixieland Band (Columbia)
 * 1951 At the Beverly Cavern (Sounds)
 * 1953 Live at Club Hangover, Vol. 1 (Dawn Club)
 * 1953 Creole Jazz Band at Club Hangover (Storyville)
 * 1954 Live at Club Hangover, Vol. 3 (Dawn Club)
 * 1954 Kid Ory's Creole Jazz Band (Good Time Jazz)
 * 1954 Creole Jazz Band (Good Time Jazz)
 * 1954 Kid Ory's Creole Band/Johnny Wittwer Trio (Jazz Man)
 * 1955 Sounds of New Orleans, Vol. 9 (Storyville)
 * 1956 Kid Ory in Europe (Verve)
 * 1956 Kid Ory's Creole Jazz Band/This Kid's the Greatest! (Good Time Jazz)
 * 1956 The Legendary Kid (Good Time Jazz)
 * 1956 Favorites! (Good Time Jazz)
 * 1957 The Kid from New Orleans: Ory That Is (Upbeat Jazz)
 * 1957 Dixieland Marching Songs (Verve)
 * 1957 Kid Ory Sings French Traditional Songs (Verve)
 * 1958 Song of the Wanderer
 * 1959 At the Jazz Band Ball (Rhapsody)
 * 1959 Plays W.C. Handy
 * 1960 Dance with Kid Ory or Just Listen
 * 1961 The Original Jazz
 * 1961 The Storyville Nights (Verve)
 * 1968 Kid Ory Live (Vault)
 * 1978 Edward Kid Ory and His Creole Band at the Dixieland Jubilee (Dixieland Jubilee)
 * 19?? ''Kid Ory The Great New Orleans Trombonist (CBS/Sony)
 * 1981 Kid Ory Plays The Blues (Storyville)
 * 1990 Favorites
 * 1992 Kid Ory at the Green Room, Vol. 1 (American Recordings)
 * 1994 Kid Ory at the Green Room, Vol. 2 (American Recordings)
 * 1997 Kid Ory and His Creole Band at the Dixieland Jubilee (GNP Crescendo)
 * 1997 Kid Ory's Creole Jazz Band (EPM)
 * 1998 In Denmark (Storyville)
 * 2000 Live at the Beverly Cavern (504)

With Red Allen
 * 1957 Red Allen, Kid Ory & Jack Teagarden at Newport (Verve)

Sources and further reading

 * McCusker, John. "Creole Trombone: Kid Ory and the Early Years of Jazz", University Press of Mississippi, 2012
 * Marcus, Kenneth. Musical Metropolis: Los Angeles and the Creation of Music Culture 1880-1940

title: Kid Ory


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Caesar the Geezer

Chris Ryder, (born Chris Neophytou on 9 November 1957 (age 40)) also known as Caesar the Geezer, Caesar the Boogieman, and Deck Rider, is a British radio personality.

Early career
He began his career as the on air character "Deck Rider" on the Kenny Everett Radio Show on Capital Radio (London) in 1974. He went from there to London pirate station, Skyline Radio, and then on to get his first "paid gig" on the Rod Lucas Show on BBC Radio Kent.

Shortly afterwards they both moved to the newly created Invicta Radio.

Invicta FM
Ryder later changed his radio name to Caesar the Boogieman when he landed his own show on Invicta Radio after Rod Lucas left the station. Caesar the Boogieman orchestrated some ambitious on-air practical jokes during his time at Invicta. One example: he built up the premise that an asteroid was about to hit the moon, creating a bright light. It would only be safe to look at the light by wearing sunglasses. The show had its serious side with legal advisors and social workers as constant guests helping listeners with problems.

The popular shows in his 9pm–1 am slot featured characters including Barry Bethall as 'Basil the Butler', Ian Collins as 'The Yob', and Bobby Prior as 'Venus', Richard Knight as 'Clarence', 'Number 5' and 'Grandad' and Steve Mallion as 'Spartacus'. In 1991, Invicta sacked him over fraud allegations.

Essex Radio
Ryder joined Essex Radio 96.3/102.6 FM where he presented a competing night time show to the one he had left at Invicta, before moving onto Kiss 100 hosting the early breakfast show.

Talk Radio UK
Ryder joined Talk Radio UK for its launch in February 1995 where he became known as a shock jock. He presented the weeknight (Mondays–Fridays) phone in between 22:00 and 01:00. He was joined on some Friday evenings by football agent Eric Hall and lawyer Gary Jacobs. He regularly combined his programme with a similar American show presented by Tom Leykis, alternating between UK and US callers.

He continued his practical jokes during his time at Talk Radio. Another such wind-up involved making listeners believe he was broadcasting his show from the street outside the Talk Radio building in protest at the station's anti-smoking policy. In reality, he was producing his show from inside the studio with a microphone hanging from the window to pick up the background noises of the street below.

During his tenure at TRUK, he was often accompanied by the show's Canadian producer Colin Lloyd, assistants Dixie, Jane and Aphrodite, and the man on the phones, also called Tony (Caesar referred to him as Bogey – "Because he always gets up my nose").

He was fired from Talk Radio in September 1995, along with fellow controversial presenter Terry Christian, as part of a station shakeup to tackle sagging ratings.

After Talk Radio
After this, he brought his phone-in show to Galaxy 101 in Bristol for a short time, as well as a brief stint, slightly toned down, on London's LBC. At around this time, he also started doing voice links for the UK porn TV station, The Adult Channel; and presented a programme called Caesar's Rude Arena for Television X.

Ryder joined Capital Gold in February 1996 and did his own weeknight show called Elvis hour which would regularly overrun as he is an Elvis fan himself, he pulled in an audience of over 3.4 million with his weekly show from 8pm until midnight Monday to Friday In mid-1997, he resigned and was sentenced for breaking the law regarding undischarged bankrupts.

He then retired from radio to pursue a career in marketing and promotions, returning to the air in 2012 with Sittingbourne's SFM Radio.

title: Caesar the Geezer


text:
Lewisham Deptford (UK Parliament constituency)

Lewisham Deptford was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to moderate boundary changes, it will be reformed as a re-established Lewisham North constituency, to be first contested in the 2024 general election.

History
This seat was created in 1974. It remained largely urban in its constituent areas which have been altered on reform by the Boundary Commission very lightly overall. The area of Deptford wholly within the seat was a major London dockyard and in its early history contained chandleries, repair yards, connected with the Royal Navy, later having a high concentration of London's expansive import and export wharves and warehouses; this extended well within the 2010-drawn confines of the seat towards New Cross which had major railway yards.

The seat has been won by three Members of Parliament, all of which were and remained during their public service members of the Labour Party. The 2015 result made the seat the 23rd safest of Labour's 232 seats by percentage of majority and the 9th safest in the capital.
 * Political history

In the 2016 referendum to leave the European Union, the constituency voted remain by 75.4%.

Constituency profile
This constituency covered Lewisham's northern tip – a short stretch alongside the Thames – along with the Deptford and New Cross districts, and the centre of Lewisham itself. These are historically some of the more deprived in London with high crime rates and social problems. However, in the 21st century, counter to this, more upmarket housing developments are springing up as former industrial sites are cleared away. To the South East of the seat, Lewisham town centre adjoins Ladywell.

The area is relatively affordable, given the short commuting distance to Central London and Canary Wharf, via the Docklands Light Railway and South East Main Line. Goldsmiths, University of London and wider halls of residence make this a popular living area for those staying and studying in Greater London, giving a substantial student minority to the electorate.

At the Western extremity of the seat, just inside the current boundaries, is The Den, home to Millwall FC.

Lewisham Deptford has been one of Labour's safest London seats since its 1974 creation – it was the party's 25th safest in Britain at the 2001 election – though social change in the last decade has seen things become a little more competitive; the most popular opposition in 2005 and 2010 was formed by the active Liberal Democrat party in the area. In terms of share of the vote, it received the 44th largest Labour vote in 2010, of the 650 constituencies.

Boundaries
1974–1983: The London Borough of Lewisham wards of Brockley, Deptford, Drake, Grinling Gibbons, Ladywell, Marlowe, and Pepys.

1983–2010: The London Borough of Lewisham wards of Blythe Hill, Crofton Park, Drake, Evelyn, Grinling Gibbons, Ladywell, Marlowe, and Pepys.

2010–2024: The London Borough of Lewisham wards of Brockley, Crofton Park, Evelyn, Ladywell, Lewisham Central, New Cross, Telegraph Hill and part of Hither Green ward.

The constituency covered the northern and north-western parts of the London Borough of Lewisham.

The Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies which redrew this seat in 2010 also resulted in the creation of a new cross-borough constituency of Lewisham West and Penge which took electoral wards from the London Boroughs of Lewisham and Bromley.


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Xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes 'XAO') is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans.

Xanthine oxidase is defined as an enzyme activity (EC 1.17.3.2). The same protein, which in humans has the HGNC approved gene symbol XDH, can also have xanthine dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.17.1.4). Most of the protein in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification.

Reaction
The following chemical reactions are catalyzed by xanthine oxidase:
 * hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 xanthine + H2O2
 * xanthine + H2O + O2 uric acid + H2O2
 * Xanthine oxidase can also act on certain other purines, pterins, and aldehydes. For example, it efficiently converts 1-methylxanthine (a metabolite of caffeine) to 1-methyluric acid, but has little activity on 3-methylxanthine.
 * Under some circumstances it can produce superoxide ions: RH + H2O + 2 O2 ROH + 2  + 2 H+.

Other reactions
Because XO is a superoxide-producing enzyme, with general low specificity, it can be combined with other compounds and enzymes and create reactive oxidants, as well as oxidize other substrates.

Bovine xanthine oxidase (from milk) was originally thought to have a binding site to reduce cytochrome c with, but it has been found that the mechanism to reduce this protein is through XO's superoxide anion byproduct, with competitive inhibition by carbonic anhydrase.

Another reaction catalyzed by xanthine oxidase is the decomposition of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), a class of reactive nitrogen species, to nitric oxide (NO), which reacts with a superoxide anion to form peroxynitrite under aerobic conditions.

XO has also been found to produce the strong one-electron oxidant carbonate radical anion from oxidation with acetaldehyde in the presence of catalase and bicarbonate. It was suggested that the carbonate radical was likely produced in one of the enzyme's redox centers with a peroxymonocarbonate intermediate.

Here is a diagram highlighting the pathways catalyzed by xanthine oxidase.

It is suggested that xanthine oxidoreductase, along with other enzymes, participates in the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in mammalian tissues.

Protein structure
The protein is large, having a molecular weight of 270 kDa, and has two flavin molecules (bound as FAD), 2 molybdenum atoms, and 8 iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit. The molybdenum atoms are contained as molybdopterin cofactors and are the active sites of the enzyme. The iron atoms are part of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin iron-sulfur clusters and participate in electron transfer reactions.

Catalytic mechanism
The active site of XO is composed of a molybdopterin unit with the molybdenum atom also coordinated by terminal oxygen (oxo), sulfur atoms and a terminal hydroxide. In the reaction with xanthine to form uric acid, the S=MoVIO-H group ionizes and the resulting MoVI-O- attacks carbon concomitant with transfer of H- to Mo=S. The resulting HS-MoIV-O-C center then undergoes 2e oxidation with hydrolysis of the MoVI-O-C group, giving back S=MoVI-OH, together with xanthine. Like other known molybdenum-containing oxidoreductases, the oxygen atom introduced to the substrate by XO originates from water rather than from dioxygen (O2).

Clinical significance
Xanthine oxidase is a superoxide-producing enzyme found normally in serum and the lungs, and its activity is increased during influenza A infection.

During severe liver damage, xanthine oxidase is released into the blood, so a blood assay for XO is a way to determine if liver damage has happened.

Because xanthine oxidase is a metabolic pathway for uric acid formation, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol is used in the treatment of gout. Since xanthine oxidase is involved in the metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine, caution should be taken before administering allopurinol and 6-mercaptopurine, or its prodrug azathioprine, in conjunction.

Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder where the lack of xanthine oxidase leads to high concentration of xanthine in blood and can cause health problems such as renal failure. There is no specific treatment, affected people are advised by doctors to avoid foods high in purine and to maintain a high fluid intake. Type I xanthinuria has been traced directly to mutations of the XDH gene which mediates xanthine oxidase activity. Type II xanthinuria may result from a failure of the mechanism which inserts sulfur into the active sites of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase, a related enzyme with some overlapping activities (such as conversion of allopurinol to oxypurinol).

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase has been proposed as a mechanism for improving cardiovascular health. A study found that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had a decrease in oxidative stress, including glutathione oxidation and lipid peroxidation, when xanthine oxidase was inhibited using allopurinol. Oxidative stress can be caused by hydroxyl free radicals and hydrogen peroxide, both of which are byproducts of XO activity.

Increased concentration of serum uric acid has been under research as an indicator for cardiovascular health factors, and has been used to strongly predict mortality, heart transplant, and more in patients. But it is not clear whether this could be a direct or casual association or link between serum uric acid concentration (and by proxy, xanthine oxidase activity) and cardiovascular health. States of high cell turnover and alcohol ingestion are some of the most prominent cases of high serum uric acid concentrations.

Reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite that xanthine oxidase can form, have been found to react with DNA, proteins, and cells, causing cellular damage or even toxicity. Reactive nitrogen signaling, coupled with reactive oxygen species, have been found to be a central part of myocardial and vascular function, explaining why xanthine oxidase is being researched for links to cardiovascular health.

Both xanthine oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase are also present in corneal epithelium and endothelium and may be involved in oxidative eye injury.

Inhibitors
Inhibitors of XO include allopurinol, oxypurinol, and phytic acid. It has also been found to be inhibited by flavonoids, including those found in Bougainvillea spectabilis (Nyctaginaceae) leaves (with an IC50 of 7.23 μM), typically used in folk medicine.

title: Xanthine oxidase