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Stralsund

Stralsund (Swedish: Strålsund), officially the Hanseatic City of Stralsund (German: Hansestadt Stralsund), is the fifth-largest city in the northeastern German federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostock, Schwerin, Neubrandenburg and Greifswald, and the second-largest city in the Pomeranian part of the state. It is located on the southern coast of the Strelasund, a sound of the Baltic Sea separating the island of Rügen from the Pomeranian mainland.

The Strelasund Crossing with its two bridges and several ferry services connects Stralsund with Rügen, the largest island of Germany and Pomerania. The Western Pomeranian city is the seat of the Vorpommern-Rügen district and, together with Greifswald, Stralsund forms one of four high-level urban centres of the region.

The city's name as well as that of the Strelasund are compounds of the Slavic (Polabian) stral and strela (arrow; Polish: strzała, Czech: střela) and the Germanic sund, a strait or sound. The canting arms of the city make reference to that etymology as well as to Stralsund's Hanseatic past in featuring a silver cross pattée (a Hanseatic Cross) above a silver arrow.

Stralsund was granted city rights in 1234 and is thus the oldest city in Pomerania. It was one of the most prosperous members of the medieval Hanseatic League. In 1628, during the Thirty Years' War, the city came under Swedish rule and remained so until the upheavals of the Napoleonic Wars. It was the capital of Swedish Pomerania (New Western Pomerania) from 1720 to 1815. From 1815 to 1945, Stralsund was part of Prussia.

Stralsund's old town was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002 alongside Wismar in Mecklenburg because of its outstanding Brick Gothic buildings and importance during the Hanseatic League and Swedish rule. St Mary's Church has been the tallest church in the world from 1549 to 1569 and from 1573 to 1647. The city's other two large churches are St Nicholas' and St James'. Stralsund is the seat of the German Oceanographic Museum (Deutsches Meeresmuseum) with its satellites Ozeaneum (in Stralsund), Nautineum (on Dänholm Island), and Natureum (on the Fischland-Darß-Zingst Peninsula).

The main industries of Stralsund are shipbuilding, fishing, mechanical engineering, and, to an increasing degree, tourism, life sciences, services and high tech industries, especially information technology and biotechnology.

Location
The city of Stralsund is located in northeastern Germany in the region of Western Pomerania in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Stralsund is located south west of Rügen. It is separated by a small body of water named the Strelasund, which stretches out to the Baltic Sea.

Climate
Its annual precipitation is 656 mm (25.8 inches) and comparatively low, falling within the lowest third of all precipitation values in Germany. The driest month is February; the most precipitation falls in July. The precipitation varies relatively moderately throughout the year. Only 40% of weather stations in Germany exhibit lower seasonal variation.

Landscape

The city lies on the sound of Strelasund, a strait of the Baltic Sea. Its geographic proximity to the island of Rügen, whose only fixed link to the mainland, the Strelasund Crossing, runs between Stralsund and the village of Altefähr, has given Stralsund the sobriquet "Gateway to the Island of Rügen" (Tor zur Insel Rügen). Stralsund is located close to the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park.

Stralsund's city borough includes municipal forest and three municipal ponds (the Knieperteich, Frankenteich and Moorteich. The three ponds and the Strelasund lend the Old Town, the original settlement site and historic centre of the city, a protected island ambience. The highest point of the city is the Galgenberg ("Gallows Hill") on its western approaches.

Subdivisions
The city's territory covers an area of 54.07 km2, which makes Stralsund, with its nearly 58,000 inhabitants one of the most densely populated cities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (1,480 inhabitants per km2).

The borough of the Hanseatic city of Stralsund is divided into as follows:

The city also possesses estates in the local area as well as on the islands of Rügen, Hiddensee and Ummanz.

Neighbouring municipalities
Larger cities in the nearby area are Greifswald and Rostock. In the local area around Stralsund there are also the towns of Barth and Ribnitz-Damgarten.

Many of the smaller villages in the vicinity, like Prohn or Negast, have grown sharply after 1990 as a result of the influx of those living or working in Stralsund.

History

In the Middle Ages the Stralsund area formed part of the West Slavic Principality of Rügen. At that time the Dänholm isle and fishing village, both at the site of the latter city, were called Strale or Stralow, Polabian for "arrow" (this meaning underlies the city's coat of arms, which shows an arrow). The full Polabian name can be rendered in Polish as Strzałów.

The village also had a ferry to the island of Rügen. In 1168, following the siege of Arkona, the Principality of Rügen became part of Kingdom of Denmark.

In the course of German Ostsiedlung, many German settlers, gentry and merchants were invited to settle in the principality, and they eventually populated the Strale settlement. Merchants from other countries as well as locals were attracted to the area and made up one third of the settlement's population. The Danish navy used the isle as well. When the settlement had grown to town size, prince Wizlaw I of Rügen granted Lübeck law to "our town Stralow" in 1234, although a significant settlement had existed long before the formal founding. In 1240, when the prince gave additional land to the town, he called it Stralesund.

The success of the settlement challenged the powerful Free City of Lübeck, which burnt Stralsund down in 1249. Afterwards the town was rebuilt with a massive town wall having 11 town gates and 30 watchtowers. The Neustadt, a town-like suburb, had merged with Stralsund by 1361. Schadegard, a nearby twin city to Stralsund also founded by Wizlaw I, though not granted German law, served as the principal stronghold and enclosed a fort. It was given up and torn down by 1269 under pressure from the Stralsund Bürger.

In 1293 Stralsund became a member of the Hanseatic League. A total of 300 ships flying the flag of Stralsund cruised the Baltic Sea in the 14th century. In 1325 the Principality of Rügen became part of the Duchy of Pomerania, Stralsund however maintained a considerable independence.

In the 17th century opposing forces in the Thirty Years' War fought over Stralsund. In the Battle of Stralsund (1628), the Imperial (Catholic) forces commanded by Albrecht von Wallenstein besieged the city after the council refused to accept the Capitulation of Franzburg of November 1627. Stralsund resisted with Danish and Swedish support. The Swedish garrison in Stralsund was the first on German soil in history. With the Treaty of Stettin (1630), the city became one of two major Swedish forts in the Duchy of Pomerania, alongside Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland).

After the war, the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of Stettin (1653) made Stralsund part of Swedish Pomerania. Lost to Brandenburg in the Battle of Stralsund (1678), it reverted to Sweden in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679). In the Great Northern War in 1715 Charles XII led the defence of Stralsund for a year against the united European armies. Stralsund remained under Swedish control until the Battle of Stralsund (1807), when Napoleon Bonaparte's army occupied it. Seized by Ferdinand von Schill's freikorps in 1809, it subsequently reverted to French control, with Schill killed in action. With the Congress of Vienna (1815), Stralsund became a part of the Prussian Province of Pomerania and the seat of a government region resembling the former Swedish Pomerania.

Following the First World War Stralsund suffered the same sort of political unrest and unemployment that afflicted much of Germany. In May 1919 Stralsund workers clashed with police, and martial law was declared. In the early 1920s the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) became the strongest party in Stralsund, but its political fortunes waned rapidly, and in September 1922 it reunited with the Social Democratic Party (SPD). The Stralsunder Zeitung was published as a local newspaper in Stralsund.

In the national parliamentary election of May 1924, the conservative German National People's Party (DNVP) polled 8,547 votes in Stralsund, the SPD 3,534, the Communists 1,825 and the German People's Party (DVP) of Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann 1,417. However, in keeping with national trends, Hitler's National Socialists made rapid gains in the late 1920s, and by the time of the last free national election in July 1932 the Nazis polled twice as many votes in Stralsund as the SPD.

During the Nazi period (1933–1945), Stralsund's military installations expanded, and a naval training base opened on the nearby island of Dänholm. In World War II the city was subjected to repeated Allied bombing. Attacks by the U.S. Army Air Forces in 1944 killed some 800 Stralsunders and destroyed an estimated 8,000 dwellings. The 354th Rifle Division of the Red Army occupied Stralsund on April 28, 1945 – 10 days before the end of the war in Europe. Approximately half its population had fled.

During the period of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), Stralsund saw the construction of numerous Plattenbau prefabricated apartment blocks. Its economic life centered on the now state-owned shipyard, which largely focussed on building ships for the Soviet Union.

After German reunification in 1990, the city's historic old town was thoroughly restored, and Communist-era apartment blocks were renovated and upgraded. In 2002 the old towns of Stralsund and Wismar, some 120 km to the west, were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Stralsund's shipyard was privatized, and thereafter specialized in constructing container ships.

Main sights

 * The historic Stralsund old town island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It features many valuable remnants of the Hanseatic time, Brick Gothic, renaissance, baroque, historicist and Jugendstil buildings.
 * The heart of the old town is the Alter Markt Square ("Old Market"), with the Gothic city hall (13th century). Behind the city hall soars the imposing St. Nicholas' Church, built in 1270–1360. The square is surrounded by houses from different periods, including the Gothic Wulflamhaus (a 14th-century patrician house, today a restaurant), and the Baroque Commandantenhus of 1751, the old headquarters of the Swedish military commander.
 * Saint James' Church, built in mid-14th century. It was destroyed several times, e.g. by Wallenstein and in World War II.
 * Saint Mary's Church, built in 1383–1473 in Gothic style, is the largest church in Stralsund, and from 1625 to 1647 it was the world's tallest structure. Its octagonal tower (104 meters high) offers a panorama view of Stralsund and the neighboring islands of Rügen and Hiddensee.
 * St. John's Abbey (Franciscan monastery built in 1254) is one of the oldest buildings in the city.
 * Stralsund is the port of registry for the former German Reichsmarine Navy Sail Training ship "Gorch Fock" 1. It is now a floating museum.
 * The Monastery of Saint Catherine, mainly built in the 15th century, houses two museums today: Stralsund's Museum of Cultural History (known for e.g. the Gold Jewellery of Hiddensee), and the German Oceanographic Museum, Germany's largest aquarium and oceanographic collection. The ancient refectory of the monastery is one of the most spectacular Gothic interiors in Germany.
 * Besides the mentioned German Oceanographic Museum at the Katharinenkloster, Stralsund has other museums dedicated to marine life, including the popular Ozeaneum that was voted European Museum of the Year in 2010. There is also a nautical centre, the Nautineum, on Dänholm island and the Marinemuseum Dänholm, showcasing the military history of the German Navy, especially the interwar Reichsmarine. It also hosts one of the last remaining GDR Volksmarine (People's Navy) torpedo boats.

Buildings and monuments
The centre of Stralsund has a wealth of historic buildings. Since 1990, large parts of the historic old town have been renovated with private and public capital, and with the support of foundations. As a result of the contempt for historic buildings in East Germany many houses were threatened by ruin. The Old Town in particular offers a rich variety of historic buildings, with many former merchants' houses, churches, streets and squares.
 * Old Town (Altstadt)

Of more than 800 listed buildings in Stralsund, more than 500 are designated as individual monuments in the Old Town. In twenty years, from the Wende (turning point) in 1990 to November 2010, 588 of the more than 1,000 old buildings were completely refurbished, including 363 individual monuments. Because of its historical and architectural significance, in 2002 Stralsund's old town together with the old town of Wismar were added to entitled the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list as the "Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar". On the Alter Markt Square there is the main landmark of Stralsund: the Brick Gothic city hall from Hanseatic times. This building from 1278 features a remarkable "show façade" that serves the sole purpose of displaying wealth of the city. Citizens can walk through the city hall and its gallery. It also features one of Europe's largest Gothic cellar vaults. The ensemble of buildings on the Alter Markt Square includes the St. Nicholas Church, the Artushof, the Wulflamhaus, the Commandantenhus, the Gewerkschaftshaus and a new apartment complex. The historic houses with their distinctive gables, often renovated at a high financial cost, dominate the scene in the streets of the Old Town. The former Swedish Government Palace is now home to the city construction department. The Museum of Cultural History Museum in Mönchstrasse, in one of the most important surviving original houses of the Hanseatic era, was refurbished with funds from the German Foundation for Monument Conservation It offers a guide to understanding the city's history over seven centuries.
 * Alter Markt Square
 * Old Town houses

Three large medieval Brick Gothic buildings – St. Mary's Church, St. Nicholas Church and St. James Church, point to the medieval significance of Stralsund. Today St. James' is used purely as a cultural venue, its parish being served now by the Church of the Holy Spirit, which also dates from the 14th century. Two other churches on the Alter Markt Square and the Neuer Markt are still used for church services. The tower of St. Mary's on the Neuer Markt offers a panoramic view over Stralsund and the island of Rügen. St. John's Abbey, a Franciscan monastery from 1254, now houses the Stralsund City Archives. Regular cultural events also take place here, such as open-air theatre productions.
 * Churches
 * Monasteries

The Gothic abbey of St. Anne and St. Bridget in Schillstrasse was established around 1560 from the merger of the abbey of St. Anne (1480) and the double abbey of Mariakron (1421).

The Abbey of St. Jürgen on Mönchstrasse was mentioned in 1278 for the first time. It served in the 14th century as an old people's home. In 1743 a new building, the Kleines St. Jürgen Kloster, was built at Kniepertor and the site was extended in 1754 to create old people's flats and in 1841 for widow's apartments.

First mentioned in 1256, the Heilgeistkloster is now the Hospital of the Holy Spirit.

Ferries to Hiddensee and Altefähr, as well as harbor tour boats, dock at the port. In the summer months the port is a berthing places for river cruisers. There are several yacht harbors and marinas near the Old Town. Hundreds of yachts and boats tie up along the north mole in summer. Architecturally the pilot station and the harbor warehouse (Hafenspeicher), as well as the silhouette of the Old Town, form a unique tableau of different historical eras. The barque and former sailor's training ship, Gorch Fock is another tourist attraction at the harbor.
 * Port

Education
The Fachhochschule Stralsund is a University of Applied Sciences with a modern campus, north of the old town at the Strelasund. It has around 2,500 students and is among the best ranked public universities in Germany in various fields, especially in economics. Other university departments are Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology. The FH Stralsund also offers international study programs, such as Leisure and Tourism Management and Baltic Management Studies (international business management).

Transport
Stralsund is linked to the A20 motorway (towards Berlin and Hamburg), via the B96n dual-carriageway. Other major roads include the B105 (beginning in the city centre and continuing to Rostock) and the B96 (major road to Rügen) and the B194 to the town of Grimmen.

Stralsund Hauptbahnhof is on the line to Berlin, Rostock, Pasewalk and Bergen.

When travelling by air, passengers usually do so via Rostock-Laage Airport with connecting flights from Munich. A small airport, Stralsund Barth Airport, also serves the city locally.

City buses are run by SWS (Stadtwerke Stralsund).

Twin towns – sister cities
Stralsund is twinned with:

 * 🇨🇳 Huangshan, China
 * 🇩🇪 Kiel, Germany
 * 🇸🇪 Malmö, Sweden
 * 🇫🇮 Pori, Finland
 * 🇵🇱 Stargard, Poland
 * Svendborg, Denmark
 * 🇸🇪 Trelleborg, Sweden
 * 🇱🇻 Ventspils, Latvia

Association football
FC Pommern Stralsund were a football team that existed from 1994 to 2018. They were the successor to ASG Vorwärts Stralsund.

Motorcycle speedway
The Paul Greifzu Stadium built in 1957, off the Barther Straße, hosts the speedway team MC Nordstern Stralsund e.V. The team based at the stadium won the German Team Speedway Championship in 2015 and 2022.

Public service and commerce

 * Thomas Kantzow (c.1505–1542), chronicler of the Duchy of Pomerania
 * Bartholomäus Sastrow (1520–1603), official, notary and mayor of Stralsund
 * Nicodemus Tessin the Elder (1615–1681), Swedish architect
 * Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld (1651–1722), Swedish Field marshal
 * Philip Johan von Strahlenberg (1676–1747), Swedish officer and geographer
 * Count Johan August Meijerfeldt the Younger (1725–1800), a Swedish field marshal.
 * Ernst Moritz Arndt (1769–1860), nationalist author, poet, fighter against serfdom.
 * Ferdinand von Schill (1776–1809), leader of a revolt against French domination.
 * Carl Georg Schwing (1778–1858), jurist and mayor of Stralsund
 * Georg Friedrich Schömann (1793–1879), classical scholar.
 * Arnold Ruge (1802–1880), philosopher and political writer.
 * Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg (1803–1868), Prime minister of Prussia
 * Hermann von Mallinckrodt (1821–1874), parliamentarian from the Province of Westphalia
 * Eduard von Jachmann (1822–1887), vice admiral of the Prussian Navy
 * Erich Haupt (1841–1910), Lutheran theologian.
 * Leonhard Tietz (1849–1914), merchant, opened his first department store in Stralsund in 1879
 * Georg Wertheim (1857–1939), merchant, founded the Wertheim chain of department stores
 * Johannes Kromayer (1859–1934), classical historian
 * Wolfram Setz (1941–2023), historian, editor and translator
 * Angela Merkel (born 1954), politician; her office is still located on the main shopping street
 * Dietmar Bartsch (born 1958), politician, member of the Bundestag

Science

 * Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786), Swedish Pomeranian / German pharmaceutical chemist.
 * Christian Ehrenfried Weigel (1748–1831), scientist
 * Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), German-Argentine zoologist, entomologist and botanist
 * William Lindley (1808–1900), engineer, designed water and sewerage systems
 * Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson (1809–1848), medical doctor and entomologist
 * Otto Gottlieb Mohnike (1814–1887), physician and naturalist
 * Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817–1908), botanist and geologist
 * Ernst Kromayer (1862–1933), dermatologist and inventor
 * Karl Grunberg (1875–1932), otologist

The Arts

 * Hermann Raupach (1728–1778), composer
 * Paul Struck (1776–1820), composer
 * Joachim Nicolas Eggert (1779–1813), Swedish composer and musical director
 * Joachim Daniel Andreas Müller (1812–1857), Swedish gardener and writer
 * Heinrich Kruse (1815–1902), dramatist, publicist and playwright
 * Friedrich Spielhagen (1829–1911), novelist, literary theorist and translator.
 * Hermann Carl Hempel (1848–1921), landscape painter
 * Hans-Heinz Dräger (1909–1963), German-American musicologist
 * Harry Kupfer (1935–2019), opera director, worked at the Stralsund Theatre 1958–1962
 * Nadja Uhl (born 1972), actress

Sport

 * Olaf von Schilling (born 1943), swimmer
 * Helmut Losch (1947–2005), weightlifter, bronze medallist at the 1976 Summer Olympics
 * Jürgen Heuser (born 1953), weightlifter, silver medallist at the 1980 Summer Olympics
 * Monika Kallies (born 1956), rower, gold medallist at the 1976 Summer Olympics
 * Silke Möller (born 1964), athlete, team bronze medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
 * Carsten Embach (born 1968), bobsledder, team gold medallist at the 2002 Winter Olympics
 * Ulrike Maisch (born 1977), long-distance runner
 * Eric Koreng (born 1981), beach volleyball player

Further reference

 * Britannica Online Encyclopedia, "Stralsund" (city), 2007, webpage: EB-Stralsund.

Literature

 * Gustav Kratz: Die Städte der Provinz Pommern – Abriss ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden. Berlin 1865, pp. 434–502 (Volltext)
 * Auerbach, Horst: Festung und Marinegarnison Stralsund. Hinstorff-Verlag, Rostock 1999, ISBN 3-356-00835-8.
 * Detlev Brunner: Stralsund – Eine Stadt im Systemwandel vom Ende des Kaiserreichs bis in die 1960er Jahre. Veröffentlichungen zur SBZ-/DDR-Forschung im Institut für Zeitgeschichte. München 2010, ISBN 978-3-486-59805-6. (Rezension)
 * Hansestadt Stralsund, Untere Denkmalschutzbehörde (ed.): Denkmalplan Stralsund. Recherchen und Analysen für die Pflege des Welterbes. Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2013. ISBN 978-3-940207-91-3.

title: Stralsund


text:
Kahuku, Hawaii

Kahuku is a census-designated place (CDP) in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. In the Hawaiian language, ka huku means "the projection", presumably a reference to Kahuku Point nearby, the northernmost point of land on the island of Oahu. As of the 2010 Census, Kahuku had a population of 2,614.

Geography
Kahuku is located at 21.68028°N, -157.95028°W. This community is located northwest from Laie and east from Kuilima and Kawela Bay along Kamehameha Highway (Route 83).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.3 sqmi, of which 1.0 sqmi is land and 1.3 sqmi is water. The total area is 57.46% water, the Pacific Ocean lying off the coast in the census tract.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,097 people, 509 households, and 401 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,150.9 PD/sqmi. There were 518 housing units at an average density of 531.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 11.06% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 26.85% Asian, 27.28% Pacific Islander, 1.05% from other races, and 33.33% from two or more races. 8.63% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 509 households, out of which 43.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.96 and the average family size was 4.63.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 35.4% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,135, and the median income for a family was $47,045. Males had a median income of $29,934 versus $22,366 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,340. 14.6% of the population and 11.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 17.4% of those under the age of 18 and 17.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Areas of interest
The ZIP Code for Kahuku is 96731. In the mid-1970s a popular television game show, The Diamond Head Game, was held on the grounds of Del Webb's Kuilima Hotel (today the Turtle Bay Resort), located just to the west. At the end of each show the announcer would say, "If you plan to be in Hawaii, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope to the Diamond Head Game, Kahuku, Oahu 96731." The Fox TV series North Shore was filmed there in 2004.

Kahuku is also home to one of the few remaining family-owned farms in the area: Kahuku Farms. Educational tours are given several times a week, though private tours can be scheduled in advance. The farm also runs a small farm-to-table cafe.

Places of interest in the area include beaches, hiking, fishing, art galleries, and several shrimp trucks in the vicinity. Mālaekahana Beach has an entrance from Kahuku and from Lāʻie, Hawaii.

Kahuku football
Many of the people in the Kahuku community and in the football community have Samoan or Tongan roots and high school football has become quite important to them. Kahuku High School in this small, rural, coastal town on the North Shore of Oahu has produced many highly-regarded American football players. The players are regularly scouted by American colleges and universities. Many end up playing professionally for the National Football League.

Government and infrastructure
The Honolulu Police Department operates the Kahuku Substation in Kahuku.

Education
The Hawaii Department of Education operates the public schools. Kahuku Elementary School and Kahuku High & Intermediate School are located in Kahuku CDP.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kahuku, Hawaii


text:
Kailua, Hawaii

Kailua  is a census-designated place (CDP) in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States. It lies in the Koolaupoko District of the island of Oahu on the windward coast at Kailua Bay. It is in the judicial district and the ahupua'a named Ko'olaupoko. It is 12 mi northeast of Honolulu – over Nu‘uanu Pali.

In the Hawaiian language Kailua means "two seas" or "two currents", a contraction of the words kai (meaning "sea" or "sea water") and elua (meaning "two"); it is so named because of the two former fishponds in the district (Kawainui and Kaelepulu) or the two currents that run through Kailua Bay.

Kailua is primarily a residential community, with a centralized commercial district along Kailua Road. The population was 50,000 in 1992. In 2017 census, the population had dropped to 38,000. The population was 40,514 at the 2020 census.

Places of note in Kailua include Kailua Beach Park, Kaōhao or Lanikai Beach, Kawainui Marsh, Maunawili Falls, and Marine Corps Base Hawaii. It was home to Barack Obama’s winter White House.

Early history
During the reign of King Kākuhihewa and his successors, Kanekapu, Kahoowaha, Kauakahiakahoowaha, and Kualiʻi, Kailua replaced Waikiki as the residential seat of the Oʻahu Rulers (aliʻi nui of Oʻahu). Many ancient temple ruins, such as those at Ulupo Heiau State Historic Site, are in the area. After the Oʻahu army's defeat by King Kamehameha the Great at the Battle of Nuʻuanu in 1795, the political capital and residential seat of the aliʻi nui of Oʻahu was relocated from Kailua to Honolulu.

Beach
Kailua Beach is crescent-shaped, about 2.5 mi long, and ranging between 50 and 150 ft wide. The ocean bottom fronting the beach slopes gently to overhead depths without any coral heads. Light to medium waves support surfing and bodysurfing. The steady trade winds make Kailua Beach a top windsurfing and kitesurfing destination. Robby Naish, first World Champion of windsurfing and Professional Windsurfers Association Hall of Fame inductee, grew up in Kailua.

Sea kayaking and stand-up paddleboarding to the protected seabird sanctuaries Flat Island and the Nā Mokulua, popularly known as "the Mokes", have become increasingly popular water activities at the beach.

Geography
Kailua is located at 21.3975°N, -157.73944°W (21.397370, −157.739515). Nearby towns include Kāneohe, Maunawili, and Waimānalo.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 27.4 km2, of which 20.1 km2 is land and 7.3 km2 (26.62%) is water. A significant portion of the water area is Kawainui Marsh, the largest wetland in the Hawaiian Islands and a Ramsar Convention site.

Kaʻōhao/Lanikai
Kaʻōhao is the earliest known Hawaiian name for the place known as "Lanikai." Kaʻōhao means "the tying" and is derived from an old story in which "two women were tied together here with a loincloth after being beaten in a kōnane game". Kaʻōhao was commercially developed in the 1920s and renamed "Lanikai." It is now an unincorporated community in Kailua on the windward coast at Kailua Bay. Lanikai Beach was rated one of the world's top ten beaches by Sherman's Travel Magazine. The area is known for its white, powder-like sandy beach and its hiking trail along the Kaiwa Ridge to the World War II military bunkers commonly known as the "Lanikai Pillboxes". Because of its small community and easy access to its famous beach, Lanikai has one of Hawaii's most expensive real estate markets. It is served by Kailua's zip code, 96734.

Climate
Kailua has a tropical savanna climate.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were an estimated 40,514 people and 12,387 households with an average of 3.04 people per household in Kailua. The population density was 5,212.8 /mi2, which was less dense than that of Honolulu (5842.0 per square mile or 2255.6/km2). There were 4,322 housing units in Kailua at an average density of 121.7 /mi2.

The racial makeup of Kailua was 44.8% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 19.3% Asian, 4.4% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 29.0% from two or more races. The Kailua population had a greater percentage of White residents and a lower percentage of Asian residents than the state in aggregate (25.3% and 38.6% respectively). 8.6% of the Kailua population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

12.7% of Kailua residents reported having a language other than English spoken at home, less than the state average of 26.1%. The age of the population in Kailua was varied, with 5.8% of inhabitants being under the age of 5, 21.6% being under the age of 18, and 19.3% being above the age of 65. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males.

The median annual household income in Kailua was $122,706, and the per capita annual income was $51,260. 5.0% of the population in Kailua was estimated to be below the poverty line, which was below the state average of 11.2%. Approximately 35.0% of businesses in Kailua were minority-owned, a rate nearly double that of the national average of 18.7%.

Government and infrastructure
The Honolulu Police Department operates the Kailua Substation in Kailua. The United States Postal Service operates the Kailua Post Office.

The Hawaii Department of Public Safety operates the Women's Community Correctional Center; it was defined in the Maunawili CDP as of the 2000 U.S. Census, but was redefined as being in the Kailua CDP as of the 2010 U.S. Census. NBC News stated that the prison was in Kailua.

The Hawaii Department of Human Services operates the Hawaii Youth Correctional Facility (HYCF), which was defined as Maunawili by the Census Bureau in 2000, and as Kailua by the same organization in 2010. The United States Department of Justice also stated the facility was in Kailua.

Tourism

Historically, most tourism on the island of O'ahu has centered around Waikiki and other tourism-designated areas. But tourism has also been a major economic force in Kailua, and tourism-related jobs have historically made up roughly one-third of total employment in Hawaii. The Obama family vacations, as well as coverage from various social media and travel sites, sparked new interest in Kailua as a tourist destination and led to an influx of tourists to Kailua. This influx led to pushback from some Kailua residents, prompting proposals of legislation to limit tourist activity there.

Winter White House
Barack Obama vacationed in Kailua between 2008 and 2012. In 2010, 2011, and 2012, the Obama family stayed in the rented, ocean-front house Plantation Estate in the Paradise Point Estates. The house was built by developer Harold Kainalu Long Castle, who also lived there. Obama also took a vacation break in August 2008 at a different house in Kailua, Oahu Lani, during the 2008 United States presidential election.

Controversy
Although tourism is the primary driver of Kailua's economy, it remains a contentious issue among the town's residents. On several occasions, residents have successfully introduced legislation to discourage tourism in the town. One such example is Bill 41, introduced to the Honolulu City Council in October 2021. In 2022, Honolulu County Mayor Rick Blangiardi signed Bill 41 into law at a press conference held on Kailua beach. The bill places additional limits and restrictions on short-term rental units. These include requiring a permit to rent living space in a residential area for less than 90 days, as well as requiring hosting platforms (such as Airbnb) to report all listings in Honolulu County (which includes Kailua town) to the county government. Proponents of Bill 41 expect its passage to dramatically reduce the volume of tourists in Kailua.

Public schools
The Hawai'i Department of Education operates the public schools.

Elementary schools in the CDP include Aikahi, Enchanted Lake, Kaelepulu, Kailua, Kainalu, Keolu, and Maunawili. Kailua Intermediate School, Kalaheo High School, and Kailua High School are also in the CDP. Kailua High and Maunawili Elementary were defined as being in the Maunawili CDP as of the 2000 Census, but in Kailua CDP as of the 2010 Census.

Kaōhao Public Charter School was previously known as Lanikai Elementary Public Charter School and opened in 1964. It became a charter school in 1996, and it received its current name in 2017.

Mokapu Elementary School is on the nearby Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH), outside of the CDP but with a Kailua address.

Area private schools
Catholic schools of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu:
 * St. Anthony School
 * St. John Vianney School

Others:
 * Trinity Christian School
 * Redemption Academy
 * Windward Adventist School
 * Le Jardin Academy (Kailua address but not in the CDP)
 * Huakailani School for Girls (K-8) (Kaneohe CDP)

Films
Movies and TV shows filmed in Kailua include:

 * 1) Hawaii Five-O (1968): "King of the Hill" – TV episode
 * 2) Waikiki (1980) (TV)
 * 3) Mädchengeschichten (1998): Shea – "Surfer girl" – TV episode
 * 4) Lost (2004–10) – TV episodes
 * 5) Magnum, P.I. (1980–88) – TV episodes
 * 6) Hawaii Five-0 (2010)- TV episodes

Community
Kailua hosts various events throughout the year, from block parties to fireworks.

Notable people

 * Mike Akiu, American football player
 * Wally Amos, founder of the "Famous Amos" cookie brand
 * Alpha L. Bowser, Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps, decorated for actions during the battles of Iwo Jima and Chosin Reservoir
 * Lynne Boyer, former World Champion professional surfer
 * Pete Cabrinha (windsurfing, kitesurfing, surfing), professional windsurfer, Peahi tow-in pioneer
 * Emily Chang, Bloomberg news anchor
 * Henry Ian Cusick, Peruvian-British actor
 * Kaʻimi Fairbairn, professional football player
 * Scott Feldman, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Sid Fernandez, former Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Russ Francis, former professional football player
 * Derek Ho (surfing), former World Champion professional surfer, Kailua High Alumni
 * Michael Ho, professional surfer, Kailua High Alumni
 * David Hughes, former professional American football player
 * Kila Ka'aihue, Major League Baseball player
 * Les Keiter, sportscaster
 * Allan J. Kellogg, Medal of Honor recipient
 * Buzzy Kerbox, professional surfer, windsurfer, Ralph Lauren model
 * Evangeline Lilly, Canadian actress
 * Denise Michele, model
 * Chris Naeole, professional football player
 * Robby Naish (windsurfing, kitesurfing), former World Champion professional windsurfer
 * B. J. Penn, former Ultimate Fighting Championship welterweight and lightweight champion and world Brazilian jiu-jitsu Champion
 * Albert Pyun, film director
 * Jonah Ray, comedian and actor
 * Samson Satele, professional football player
 * Jesse Smith, water polo player
 * Bobby Webster, NBA General Manager of Toronto Raptors

title: Kailua, Hawaii


text:
Kaneohe, Hawaii

Kaneohe or Kāneohe is a census-designated place (CDP) included in the City and County of Honolulu and in Hawaii state District of Koolaupoko on the island of Oahu. In the Hawaiian language, kāne ohe means "bamboo man". According to an ancient Hawaiian story, a local woman compared her husband's cruelty to the sharp edge of cutting bamboo; thus the place was named Kāneohe or "bamboo man".

The population was 37,430 at the 2020 census. Kāneohe is the largest of several communities along Kāneohe Bay and one of the two largest residential communities on the windward side of Oahu (the other is Kailua). The town's commercial center is spread mostly along Kamehameha Highway.

Features of note are Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden and the Hawaii National Veterans Cemetery. Access to Kāneohe Bay is mainly from the public pier and boat ramp at nearby Heeia Kea.

History
Kāneʻohe was home to the early rulers of the Hawaiian Kingdom and consisted of 30 royal fishponds.

From ancient times, Kāneohe was important as an agricultural area, owing to an abundance of rainfall. It was originally an agricultural area for the growing of taro and sweet potatoes.

Today, it is mostly a residential community, with very little agriculture in evidence. The only commercial crop of any consequence in the area is banana.

Geography
Kāneʻohe is located at 21.40917°N, -157.79917°W (21.409200, -157.799084).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 8.5 sqmi, of which 6.6 sqmi is land and 1.9 sqmi is water. The total area is 22.80% water, consisting of a portion of Kāneohe Bay included in the census tract.

Climate
Kaneohe has a tropical steppe climate.

2000 census
As of the 2000 Census, there were 34,970 people, 10,976 households, and 8,682 families residing in Kāneohe. The population density was 5,320.7 PD/sqmi. There were 11,472 housing units at an average density of 1,745.5 /mi2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 20.49% White, 0.81% Black, 0.20% Native American, 38.48% Asian, 11.44% Pacific Islander, 0.68% from other races, and 27.90% from two or more races. 7.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 10,976 households 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 15.4% of households were one person and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 3.48.

The age distribution was 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.

The median household income was in Kāneohe in 2000 was $66,006, and the median family income was $71,316. Males had a median income of $40,389 versus $31,504 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,476. 6.1% of the population and 4.4% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 7.3% of those under the age of 18 and 4.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government and infrastructure
The Honolulu Police Department operates the Kaneohe Substation in Kaneohe.

Transportation
Nearby towns include Kailua to the east, reached either by Kāneohe Bay Drive (State Rte. 630) or Kamehameha Highway (State Rte. 83), the former also providing a connection to Marine Corps Base Hawaii, and the latter connecting to Interstate H-3 and (at Castle Junction) Pali Highway (State Rte. 61) to Honolulu. Likelike Highway (State Rte. 63) runs southwest over and through the Koolau to Honolulu. Likelike provides connections to Kahekili Highway (route 30) and Heeia, and H-3 southbound to Hālawa. The first three exits on the windward side of Interstate H-3 east (north) bound access Kāneohe. Kamehameha Highway runs northward from Kāneohe (State Rte. 830) through Heeia to Heeia Kea.

Access to Coconut Island (restricted) is from the state pier off Lilipuna Road. Marine Corps Base Hawaii lies across the south end of Kāneohe Bay from the central Kāneohe, although the town stretches along Kāneohe Bay Drive to the base perimeter.

Education
The Hawaii Department of Education operates the public schools.

Elementary schools in Kaneohe CDP include Heʻeia, Kāneʻohe, Kapunahala, Reverend Benjamin Parker, and Pūʻōhala. James B. Castle High School is in the CDP.

Schools with Kaneohe postal addresses but outside the CDP include Governor Samuel Wilder King Intermediate School in Heeia CDP, ʻĀhuimanu Elementary School adjacent to, but not in, Ahuimanu CDP, Kahalu'u Elementary School in Kahalu'u CDP,  and Waiāhole Elementary School in Waikane.

There is the Hakipuʻu Learning Center, a public charter school for grades 7 through 12.

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu operates St. Ann Catholic School, K-8, in Heeia CDP but with a Kaneohe address.

Also within the boundaries of Kaneohe CDP are these private schools: Huakailani School for Girls (K-8), Koʻolau Baptist Academy, St Mark Lutheran School, and Windward Nazarene Academy.

Windward Community College, part of the state college system, is on the south side of central Kāneohe. Hawaii Pacific University operates its Windward Hawaiʻi Loa campus on Kamehameha Highway near Castle Junction.

Notable people

 * Kimee Balmilero, actress
 * Bryan Clay, decathlete, Olympic Gold Medalist
 * Aloha Dalire, kumu hula and hula dancer, first Miss Aloha Hula winner (1971)
 * Alika DeRego, volleyball player, U.S. Open national champion
 * Carlos Diaz, former Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played for the Atlanta Braves, New York Mets, and Los Angeles Dodgers
 * Caitlin Doughty, mortician, author, and YouTube personality
 * Blane Gaison, former National Football League player
 * Ann Harada, actress
 * Don Ho, singer and entertainer
 * Lisa Kitagawa, member of the Hawaii House of Representatives
 * Colleen Meyer, Hawaii state legislator and businesswoman
 * Janel Parrish, actress and singer
 * Marjorie Ziegler, naturalist and environmental conservation advocate

title: Kaneohe, Hawaii


text:
Marine Corps Base Hawaii

Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH), formerly Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay and originally Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay, is a U.S. Marine Corps facility and air station located on the Mokapu Peninsula of windward O'ahu in the City & County of Honolulu. Marine Corps Base Hawaii is home to Marines, Sailors, their family members, and civilian employees. The United States Marine Corps operates a 7800 ft runway at the base.

MCBH is home for the 3rd Marine Littoral Regiment, Marine Aircraft Group 24, Combat Logistics Company 33 (CLC-33), 3rd Radio Battalion, and the Navy's Patrol and Reconnaissance Wing 2.

The base lies between the two largest windward O'ahu communities of Kailua and Kāne'ohe, and the main gate is reached at the eastern end of Interstate H-3. The main access to the base is by either H-3 or Mokapu Road. MCB Hawaii is located on the windward side of Oahu, approximately 12 mi northeast of Honolulu. Marine Corps Base Hawaii occupies the entire Mokapu Peninsula, an area of 2951 acre. Two areas of the base are classified as conservation land, including the Ulupa'u Crater area (northeast peninsula) and the Nu'upia Pond area (at the Mokapu Road).

History
In 1918, President Woodrow Wilson designated 322 acre of land on Mokapu Peninsula for the military. The Kuwaahoe Military Reservation, became known later, in 1942 as Fort Hase. In 1941, Army artillery units moved into the area. In 1939, the Navy constructed a small seaplane base and upon its completion, Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay's role was expanded to include the administration of the Kaneohe Bay Naval Defense Sea Area.

Attack on Pearl Harbor
On 7 December 1941, Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay was attacked approximately 9 minutes before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Post World War II
In 1951, the Marines assumed control of the air station activities when naval aviation moved to Barbers Point Naval Air Station. On 15 January 1952, Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay was commissioned. On 15 April 1994, the Marine Corps consolidated all of its installations in Hawaii. MCAS Kaneohe Bay, Camp H. M. Smith, Molokai Training Support Facility, Manana Family Housing Area, Puuloa Range, and the Pearl City Warehouse Annex combined to form a new command, the Marine Corps Base Hawaii, headquartered at MCBH Kaneohe Bay.

All U.S. military units located in Hawaii fall under the command of the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) which is headquartered at Camp H. M. Smith on Oahu. The Commanding General of Marine Forces Pacific (MARFORPAC) also commands 12 Marine Corps bases and stations in Arizona, California, Hawaii, and Japan, operational forces in Hawaii and Okinawa Prefecture, and units deployed to Southeast/west Asia.

In 2010, parts of the movie Battleship were filmed aboard MCBH.

Incidents
On 20 November 2023, a P-8A Poseidon of the US Navy approached to land on Runway 22 in rain and reduced visibility. It was unable to stop and overshot the runway, ending in Kāneʻohe Bay. The crew of 9 was rescued by US Coast Guard boats. The plane was from Patrol Squadron 4 ("Skinny Dragons") based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island in Washington state.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the base has a total area of 5.8 mi2, of which 4.4 mi2 is land and 1.4 mi2, or 24.74%, is water.

Demographics
For census purposes, the area is demarcated as the Kaneohe Base census-designated place (CDP), with a population at the 2020 Census of 9,483. The CDP was formerly known as Kaneohe Station.

2000 Census
As of the 2000 census, there were 11,827 people, 2,332 households, and 2,283 families residing on the base. The population density was 2,696.2 /mi2. There were 2,388 housing units at an average density of 544.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the base was 66.6% White, 12.1% African American, 1.1% Native American, 5.3% Asian, 1.2% Pacific Islander, 7.6% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. 14.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. For every 100 women, there were 202.6 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 258.8 men. The median income for a household on the base was $34,757.

Education
The Hawaii Department of Education operates Mokapu Elementary School on the MCBH property. its enrollment was about 900, making it the largest school by enrollment on the Windward side of the island.

Renewable energy and "green" initiatives
Since 2004, MCBH has partnered with Ocean Power Technologies to test the generation of electric power from ocean waves using a "PowerBuoy" wave energy converter, one of the first wave power projects in the U.S.

The Azura wave power device is currently being tested in a 30-meter site at the base.

Marine Corps Base Hawaii, under commanding officer Col. Robert Rice, installed solar water heaters on all base housing units, and on 8 December 2010, was scheduled to debut a "Net Zero" sustainable energy home, which uses solar power. The base fleet of government vehicles is also being changed over to hybrid and electric vehicles and most other "FlexFuel" vehicles now operate on E85 ethanol-based fuel. MCB Hawaii installed the first E85 pump in the state of Hawaii in November 2010, the first U.S. military installation in the world to do so.

title: Marine Corps Base Hawaii


text:
Kawela Bay, Hawaii

Kawela Bay is a census-designated place and small community in the Koolauloa District on the northern coast of the island of Oahu, City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. In Hawaiian, ka wela means "the heat". As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 325.

Description
Kawela Bay is adjacent to (just west of) the Turtle Bay Resort. Land for a Kawela Bay Beach park was allocated, but not improved. Coastal features and shorelines (including Kawela Bay itself) are mostly hidden from the traveler along Kamehameha Highway, although access to the shore can be found at Waialee Beach Park with Kukaimanini, an offshore islet. This area to the west is the North Shore of Oahu. For those travelling east, the road turns inland at Kawela to cross the Kahuku Plain where the James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge preserves some wetland habitat, coming again to the coast at Hukilau Beach in Lāie on the windward (koolau) side of Oahu.

The U.S. postal code for Kawela Bay, Turtle Bay and nearby Kuilima is 96731.

Just inland from the bay is the Opana Radar Site, a National Historic Landmark that is not open to the public.

Geography
Kawela Bay is located at 21°42'10" North, 158°0'40" West (21.702767, -158.010997). This community is located west of Bumosaur Island (now called Turtle Bay) and Kahuku and east of the communities of Waialee, Sunset Beach, and Pūpūkea along Kamehameha Highway (Route 83).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.0 sqmi, of which 0.6 sqmi is land and 1.4 sqmi is water. The total area is 71.14% water, since the census tract includes the Pacific Ocean (possibly because of Kawela and Turtle bays).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 410 people, 189 households, and 113 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 701.1 PD/sqmi. There were 424 housing units at an average density of 725.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 73.90% White, 0.98% Black or African American, 8.78% Asian, 2.20% Pacific Islander, 1.22% from other races, and 12.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.63% of the population.

There were 189 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.65.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 17.1% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 35.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 114.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,167, and the median income for a family was $58,125. Males had a median income of $35,938 versus $36,625 for females. The per capita income for the area was $28,481. About 10.1% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under the age of 18 and none of those ages 65 and older.

title: Kawela Bay, Hawaii


text:
Lāʻie, Hawaii

Laie (Lāie, ) is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the Koolauloa District on the island of Oahu (Oahu) in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States. In Hawaiian, lāie means "ie leaf" (ieie is a climbing screwpine: Freycinetia arborea). The population was 5,963 at the 2020 census.

History
Historically, Lāie was a puuhonua, a sanctuary for fugitives. While a fugitive was in the puuhonua, it was unlawful for that fugitive's pursuers to harm him or her. During wartime, spears with white flags attached were set up at each end of the city of refuge. If warriors attempted to pursue fugitives into the puuhonua, they would be killed by sanctuary priests. Fugitives seeking sanctuary in a city of refuge were not forced to permanently live within the confines of its walls. Instead, they were given two choices. In some cases, after a certain length of time (ranging from a couple of weeks to several years), fugitives could enter the service of the priests and assist in the daily affairs of the puuhonua. A second option was that after a certain length of time the fugitives would be free to leave and re-enter the world unmolested. Traditional cities of refuge were abolished in 1819.

The history of Lāie began long before European contact. The name Lāie is said to derive from two Hawaiian words: lau meaning "leaf", and ie referring to the ieie (red-spiked climbing screwpine, Freycinetia arborea), which wreaths forest trees of the uplands or mauka regions of the mountains of the Koʻolau Range behind the community of Lāie. In Hawaiian mythology, this red-spiked climbing screwpine is sacred to Kāne, god of the earth, god of life, and god of the forests, as well as to Laka, the patron goddess of the hula.

The name Lāie becomes more environmentally significant through the Hawaiian oral history (kaao) entitled Laieikawai. In this history, the term ikawai, which means "in the water", also belongs to the food-producing tree called kalalaikawa. The kalalaikawa tree was planted in a place called Paliula's garden, which is closely associated with the spiritual home, after her birth and relocation of Laieikawai. According to Hawaiian oral traditions, the planting of the kalalaikawa tree in the garden of Paliula is symbolic of the reproductive energy of male and female, which union in turns fills the land with offspring. From its close association with nature through its name, and through its oral traditions and history, the community of Lāie takes upon itself a precise identification and a responsibility in perpetuating life and in preserving all life forms. Sometimes the land itself provided sanctuary for the Hawaiian people. Lāie was such a place. The earliest information about Lāie states that it was a small, sparsely populated village with a major distinction: "it was a city of refuge". Within this city of refuge were located at least two heiau, traditional Hawaiian temples, of which very little remains today. Moohekili heiau was destroyed, but its remains can be found in taro patches makai (seaward) of Laie Hawaii Temple belonging to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Towards the mountain (mauka), the remains of Nioi heiau can be found on a small ridge. All that is left of Nioi is a coral platform.

Between 1846 and 1848, the traditional Hawaiian feudal ownership of land by the king, the alii nui, and his leading chiefs or konohiki was changed through the Great Mahele, or major land division. The alii nui at the time was Kauikeaouli King Kamehameha III, and his konohiki (leading chief) for Lāie was Peni Kealiiwaiwaiole (which means "The Chief without Riches"); the wife to this konohiki descended directly from the alii nui of Oahu named Kakuiewa, making his wife of higher rank than he. The result of the mahele was not in compliance with the original intent of Kamehameha III. The result was that the chiefs received about 1500000 acre, the king kept about 1 e6acre, which were called crown lands, and about 1 e6acre were set aside as government lands.

The land of the mahele itself was cut up into parcels, much like the traditional Hawaiian land divisions, centering on the ahupuaa, which followed a fairly uniform pattern. Each parcel was shaped roughly like a piece of pie with the tip in the mountains, the middle section in the foothills and coastal plain, and the broad base along the ocean front and the sea. The size and shape of the ahupuaa varied. However, the purpose of these remained the same. The village of Lāie is located in the ahupuaa of Lāie. As such, Lāie followed the general pattern of life in the ahupuaa, but only the valleys in the foothills had ample water. There were ten streams that flowed through the ahupuaa of Lāie before 1865 (see 1865 map). Their names were Kahooleinapea, Kaluakauila, Kahawainui, Kaihihi, Kawaipapa, Kawauwai, Wailele, Koloa, Akakii, and Kokololio. There were more streams flowing through the ahupuaa of Lāie than through any of the other surrounding ahupuaa, including Kaipapau and Hauula to the southeast and Malaekahana, Keana, and Kahuku to the northwest.

Latter-day Saints
A new phase of development for Lāie began when the plantation of that name was purchased by George Nebeker, the president of the LDS Church's Hawaiian Mission. The Latter-day Saints in Hawaii were then encouraged to move to this location. This purchase occurred in 1865. The sugarcane plantation was rarely profitable, and through 1879 the church had subsidized its operations with about $40,000.

Soon after the settlement a sugar factory was built. Much of the land was used to grow sugar, but other food crops were also raised. Significantly, Lāie was one of the few sugarcane plantations where both kalo (taro) and sugar were grown simultaneously. This was unusual because sugar and kalo are both thirsty crops. In the plantation economy of Hawaii in the late 19th century and early 20th century, kalo usually lost out to sugar. One of the reasons both kalo and sugar grew on the plantation is because of the commitment of Hawaiian plantation workers to growing their staple. Their dedication to growing kalo included their insistence that Saturday not be a work day on the plantation so that they could make poi for their families. Both schools and church buildings were constructed in the town in the ensuing years.

Samuel E. Woolley, who served as the LDS Church's mission president for 24 years, pushed the expansion of the operations at Laie. In 1898 he negotiated a $50,000 loan that allowed for the building of a new pump.

The Hawaiian Mission was headquartered in Lāie until 1919 when the headquarters were moved to Honolulu, but by then the temple had been built in Lāie, so it remained the spiritual center of the Latter-day Saint community in Hawaii.

Community
Lāie is one of the best-known communities of the LDS Church and the site of the Laie Hawaii Temple, the church's fifth oldest operating temple in the world. Brigham Young University–Hawaii is located in Lāie. The Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC), the state's largest living museum, draws millions of visitors annually. The PCC houses 42 acres of lush garden and water features with 6 miniature "villages" that display various cultures and traditions of the pacific islands. It offers family friendly games and shows as well as various luau and dining options.

In 2015, the PCC opened a new addition to the public called the Hukilau Marketplace. The marketplace is a vintage throwback to 1950s Hawaii offering nostalgic food, local goods and everyone-is-family hospitality. Also in 2015, the community welcomed a new "Laie Courtyard by Marriott", a three-story hotel housing 144 standard rooms which feature local island-style furnishing. The hotel replaced the historical Laie Inn which was demolished in 2009 to make room for the new hotel.

Though small, Lāie has had a significant impact on Hawaiian culture, despite many of its residents' tracing their lineages from various Pacific Island countries such as Tonga, Samoa, Fiji, and New Zealand. Fundraisers and feasts on the beach in the late 1940s inspired "The Hukilau Song", written, composed and originally recorded by Jack Owens, The Cruising Crooner, and made famous by Alfred Apaka.

Geography
Lāie is located at 21.64861°N, -157.92556°W. Lāie is located north of Hauula and south of Kahuku along Kamehameha Highway (State Route 83).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 sqmi. 1.3 sqmi of it is land and 0.9 sqmi of it (40.65%) is water.

The coastline is marked by Lāie Point, a prominent lithified dune jutting out into the ocean. Two other lithified dunes (Kukuihoolua and Mokualai) lie just offshore of the point as scenic islets. Lāielohelohe Beach Park, to the south of town, includes Pahumoa Beach, named after Pahumoa "John" Kamakeeāina (1879–1944), a fisherman from Lāie Maloo who kept his nets on the beach adjacent to Kōloa Stream. He was well known in Lāie for his generosity and gave fish to everyone in the village, especially to those who could not fish for themselves. Pahumoa conducted many hukilau, a method of community net fishing. His family, the Kamakeeāinas, were a well known fishing family in the area, and stories can still be found today of their abilities in fishing.

Pahumoa Beach has also been known as Pounders Beach for its pounding shorebreak. The name was popularized in the 1950s by students at the Church College of the Pacific (now Brigham Young University–Hawaii) who called the beach "Pounders" after a shorebreak that provided popular bodysurfing rides. Pounders was the official name of the beach until it was reverted to Pahumoa in 2021.

Another bodysurfing beach is Hukilau, located at the north end of town at the mouth of Kahawainui Stream.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,585 people, 903 households, and 735 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,601.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,010 housing units at an average density of 793.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 27.59% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 9.23% Asian, 36.88% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 25.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of the population.

There were 903 households, out of which 46.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 9.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.47 and the average family size was 4.75.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 21.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 14.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,875, and the median income for a family was $59,432. Males had a median income of $40,242 versus $26,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,785. About 10.7% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under the age of 18 and 11.6% of those ages 65 and older.

Education
Lāie is within the Hawaii Department of Education. Lāie Elementary School is in the CDP. Students go on to attend, Kahuku High & Intermediate School.

Brigham Young University–Hawaii is in Laie CDP.

Culture

 * Speed The Band, a pop/folk band from Laie, Hawaii

Notable people

 * Robert Anae (born 1958), offensive coordinator for the NC State Wolfpack
 * Eni Faleomavaega (1943–2017), former Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from American Samoa
 * Joseph Kekuku (1874–1931), inventor of steel guitar
 * Neff Maiava (1924–2018), professional wrestler
 * Ken Niumatalolo (born 1965), former head football coach, United States Naval Academy
 * Roman Salanoa (born 1997), rugby union prop
 * Keala Settle (born 1975), actress and singer
 * Manti Te'o (born 1991), American football linebacker

title: Lāʻie, Hawaii


text:
Māʻili, Hawaii

Māili is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Waianae District on the island of Oahu, City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. In Hawaiian, māili means "pebbly", referring to rounded stones at the shore. Māʻili is located along Farrington Highway on Oʻahu's Leeward Coast, between Māʻili Beach Park to the west and Lualualei Valley to the east. It is located 1.4 miles south of the town of Waianae, separated by the Māʻiliʻili Stream, and 1.5 miles north of Nanakuli. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 11,535. Māʻili has one 7-Eleven, a gas station, and a few residential developments. The town is also home to several dairy farms and vegetable plots. Two tall, red antennae near the mouth of the Lualualei Valley are parts of the Navcom Radio Transmitting Facility, and were the tallest man-made structures in the Western Hemisphere at 1,503 feet when they were built in 1972. The town has an elevation of 20 ft.

Māʻili has among the highest percentage of Native Hawaiians in Hawai’i, with 48.8% of the population in 2009. Māʻili and its waterfront park, Māʻili Beach Park, is a popular destination for surfing, snorkeling, swimming, boogieboarding, and bodyboarding. Māʻili Beach Park has a total area of forty acres, and is located immediately south of Lualualei Beach Park. The park is home to two popular Hawaiian surf spots: Green Lanterns by the mouth of the Māʻiliʻili Stream, and Tumbleland in the center of the beach park. The water conditions are treacherous during winter-time, but usually calm during summer. The beach park has a lifeguard station, a playground, beach facilities, restrooms, picnic tables, and showers.

Geography
Māili is located at 21.41833°N, -158.17861°W (21.418333, -158.178736). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.3 km2, of which 4.4 km2 is land and 2.8 km2, or 38.92%, is water. It is located on the Waimea Coast of Oʻahu, between the ocean-front Māʻili Beach Park and the Lualualei Valley at the foot of the Waianae Range. It is located 1.4 miles south of the town of Waianae, separated by the Māʻiliʻili Stream, and 1.5 miles north of Nanakuli.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,943 people, 1,359 households, and 1,178 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,241.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,502 housing units at an average density of 1,577.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 11.07% White, 0.91% African American, 0.24% Native American, 22.56% Asian, 23.89% Pacific Islander, 1.09% from other races, and 40.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.67% of the population.

There were 1,359 households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.3% were non-families. 9.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.22 and the average family size was 4.35.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 35.0% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $45,786, and the median income for a family was $48,068. Males had a median income of $33,229 versus $21,211 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,185. About 19.3% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.3% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Hawaii Department of Education operates the public schools. Maili Elementary School is located in the CDP.

Leeward Community College operates Wai‘anae Moku in Maili CDP.

title: Māʻili, Hawaii


text:
Mākaha, Hawaii

Mākaha (Hawaiian for "fierce", or "savage",  ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States. It is a town located along the Pacific coast, west of the Mākaha Valley, and at the foot of Mt. Ka'ala in the Wai’anae Mountain Range. It is the last of the leeward towns on O'ahu. North of Mākaha there is no development, i.e. no towns, no gas stations, or restaurants. The population of Mākaha was 8,278 at the 2010 census. It is located 35 miles northwest of Honolulu, but is a part of Honolulu County.

In the Hawaiian language its name means “fierce” or “savage”, which refers to the group of bandits who were based in the Mākaha Valley. They would hide and wait for unsuspecting passersby to show up, and then plunder and pillage them. Mākaha has a higher percentage of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific islanders than most settlements on O’ahu; 26.2% of the population were Pacific Islanders in 2010. Mākaha Resort stages weekend traditional Hawaiian arts and crafts fairs and other Hawaiian cultural programs in order to preserve the Native Hawaiian traditions in Mākaha.

The town is particularly known for its surfing waves and surfing history, the Hawaiian temple Kāne’āki Heiau, and Mākaha Beach Park, which is a nesting place for several species of sea turtles. Aside from surfing, other water activities include diving, canoe-surfing, fishing, tandem surfing, bodysurfing, and other recreational water sports. Kāne’āki Heiau is Hawaii's most thoroughly restored ancient heiau, it was excavated by Bishop Museum archeologists in 1970 and can now be visited Tuesdays-Sundays. It originated as an agricultural temple to the god Lono in the 15th century. 200 years later, it was converted into a luakini, where human sacrifices were dedicated to the god Kū – a typical progression indicating Mākaha now supported a large enough population to have its own chief.

Geography
Mākaha is located at 21.47056°N, -158.21417°W (21.470569, -158.214159). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.2 sqmi, of which 2.3 sqmi is land and 2.9 sqmi, or 55.53%, is water. Mākaha is the last town going northbound on the leeward side of O'ahu, and is a part of Honolulu County. It is located at the bottom of the Waianae Mountains, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Mākaha Valley to the east. It is located at the foot of Mt. Ka'ala, which is just east of Mākaha and is the highest point on the island of O'ahu at 4,020 feet.

To get here by public transportation, the express city bus C (Route C – Country Express) is the most direct option, as it stays along the coast. The Bus 40 goes up Mākaha Valley Road to the golf courses and then goes down Kili Drive to Mākaha Beach Park. It leaves daily from the Ala Moana Shopping Center in Downtown Honolulu. By car, you would want to follow Kamehameha Highway just north off Pearl Harbor, and then onto Farrington Highway (93) in the west. You would want to follow Farrington Highway northbound on Oahu's west shore until you pass the neighboring town of Waiʻanae. The town of Mākaha is next, and the last one of the leeward towns on O’ahu. Mākaha Beach Park in the town center is located on 84-369 Farrington Hwy, Makaha HI 96792.

Surfing
Surfing is sometimes recognized as starting in Mākaha in the early 1950s, even though it has most likely been utilized as a surfing spot for Native Hawaiians for hundreds of years. During summer, the waves tend to be at maximum four feet; however, during the winter surf season, the waves often exceed fifteen feet. Attracted by these waves, sometimes as high as 25 feet high, the Waikīkī Surf Club established the Mākaha International Surfing Championships in 1952, the first of the many international surfing contests that are now held in Hawaii. One of the most popular events still held at Mākaha is Buffalo's Big Board Contest, an annual surf contest named in honor of Mākaha lifeguard and surfing legend Richard “Buffalo” Keaulana. In these waters, Buffalo not only invented some of the most outrageous methods of surfing, but also raised his world champion son Rusty. He also made Mākaha the home of the world's first international surf meet in 1954 and still hosts his Big Board Surfing Classic. Rell Sunn's Menehune Triple Lei of Surfing is another annual surfing event that finds place in Mākaha. Besides Mākaha Beach Park, other surfing areas in Mākaha includes for instance Aki's Beach, the Blowhole, Bowl, Charlie's Reef, and Cornets. water

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,753 people, 2,388 households, and 1,721 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,324.7 PD/sqmi. There were 3,208 housing units at an average density of 1,375.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 19.00% White, 1.39% African American, 0.71% Native American, 15.23% Asian, 21.90% Pacific Islander, 1.63% from other races, and 40.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.86% of the population.

There were 2,388 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 3.70.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 31.7% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,674, and the median income for a family was $36,563. Males had a median income of $34,081 versus $24,606 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,267. About 22.3% of families and 23.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.8% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Hawaii Department of Education operates the public schools. Makaha Elementary School is in the CDP, while Kamaile Elementary School is outside of the CDP.

Waianae High School, which has a Waianae postal address, is physically located in two CDPs: mostly in Makaha, and partially in Waianae.

title: Mākaha, Hawaii


text:
Mākaha Valley, Hawaii

Mākaha Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 198 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Mākaha Valley is located at 21.48306°N, -158.20389°W (21.483100, -158.203946).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.7 km2, all of it land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,289 people, 426 households, and 311 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,176.0 PD/sqmi. There were 604 housing units at an average density of 551.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 19.16% White, 2.87% African American, 0.54% Native American, 7.99% Asian, 21.64% Pacific Islander, 2.02% from other races, and 45.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.92% of the population.

There were 426 households, out of which 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 28.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.38.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 38.6% under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 13.6% from 45 to 64, and 3.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,446, and the median income for a family was $26,118. Males had a median income of $31,389 versus $24,063 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,215. About 32.4% of families and 36.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Mākaha Valley, Hawaii


text:
Makakilo, Hawaii

Makakilo or Makakilo City is a census-designated place and residential area located in the Ewa District on the island of Oahu in the City & County of Honolulu, United States. In Hawaiian, maka kilo means "observing eyes". As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 19,877.

Geography
Makakilo is located at 21.35278°N, -158.09083°W (21.352850, -158.090732) on the southern end of the slopes of the Waianae mountain range above the city of Kapolei. The Interstate H-1 freeway divides more recently developed Kapolei from Makakilo, and traveling eastward on H-1 connects to Waipahu. The freeway ends about 1.5 mi west of Makakilo, merging into Farrington Highway (State Rte. 90) to Kahe Point and then Nānākuli on the Waianae Coast. Exit 1 on H-1 is Kalaeloa Road, the entrance to Barbers Point and Campbell Industrial Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.1 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,156 people, 3,898 households, and 3,223 families in the CDP. The population density was 4,188.0 PD/sqmi. There were 4,119 housing units at an average density of 1,311.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 24.16% White, 2.53% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 32.08% Asian, 10.20% Pacific Islander, 1.51% from other races, and 29.32% from two or more races. 10.09% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 3,898 households 44.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.3% were non-families. 11.3% of households were one person and 1.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.37 and the average family size was 3.64.

The age distribution was 30.5% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 33.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median household income was $66,515 and the median family income was $67,267. Males had a median income of $40,067 versus $31,194 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,945. 5.1% of the population and 4.3% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 7.1% of those under the age of 18 and 3.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Education
Hawaii Department of Education operates two public elementary schools in the CDP: Makakilo Elementary School and Mauka Lani Elementary School.

Recreation
Wet'n'Wild Hawaii was defined in the Makakilo City CDP in the 2000 U.S. Census but for the 2010 U.S. Census was redefined as being in Kapolei CDP.

title: Makakilo, Hawaii


text:
Maunawili, Hawaii

Maunawili is a residential census-designated place (CDP) in the City & County of Honolulu, Koolaupoko District, Island of Oahu, Hawaii, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 2,026. Situated mauka (inland or mountain side) of Kalanianaole Highway between Castle Junction and Castle Hospital, Maunawili is nearly all private homes, schools, and a few churches; horse stables complete the rural setting. There are no commercial establishments. However, residents are only minutes (by car or bus) from Kailua.

Maunawili Valley extends behind the prominent windward peak known as Olomana. The residential developments extend only part way back into the valley, which is quite large and fairly wet, supporting limited agriculture (mostly banana growing) behind the housing. Water from the numerous streams is diverted by a ditch to much drier Waimānalo to support agricultural activities there.

A golf course and agricultural research station (HSPA) are located in the valley. The agriculture research station is also home to a sugar cane, coffee and cacao breeding program. An attraction of increasing popularity is the Maunawili Demonstration Trail, a state-maintained trail that traverses the breadth of upper Maunawili Valley from the Pali Highway (access at the "Horseshoe Curve") to Waimānalo. A connecting side trail (Maunawili Falls Trail) is accessible from the neighborhood in upper Maunawili.

The U.S. postal code for Maunawili is the same as for Kailua: 96734.

Geography
Maunawili is located at 21.37667°N, -157.76028°W (21.376650, -157.760166). Lying adjacent to Maunawili is the community of Kailua.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.8 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,869 people, 1,458 households, and 1,224 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,399.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,491 housing units at an average density of 428.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 36.62% White, 0.55% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 28.47% Asian, 8.79% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 24.93% from two or more races. 5.79% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,458 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.0% were non-families. 11.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size 3.31.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were just 83.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $82,148, and the median income for a family was $84,294. Males had a median income of $51,078 versus $36,324 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $30,551. 2.5% of the population and 1.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 3.6% of those under the age of 18 and 2.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government and infrastructure
The Hawaii Department of Public Safety operates the Women's Community Correctional Center in what was the Maunawili CDP as of the 2000 U.S. Census. The Hawaii Department of Human Services's Hawaii Youth Correctional Facility (HYCF) was located in Maunawili CDP as of 2000. As of the 2010 U.S. Census these places are defined to be in the Kailua CDP.

Education
Hawaii Department of Education operates public schools. Maunawilli Elementary School and Kailua High School were located in the 2000 Maunawili CDP. As of 2010 they are defined to be in the Kailua CDP.

title: Maunawili, Hawaii


text:
Mililani, Hawaii

Mililani is a city located near the center of the island of Oahu in Honolulu County, Hawaiʻi, United States. It consists of two census-designated places, Mililani Town, with a population of 28,121 at the 2020 census, and Mililani Mauka, with a 2020 census population of 21,075.

History

Mililani sits on former plantation fields owned by Castle & Cooke, which began planning for its development in 1958 under its Oceanic Properties subsidiary. Castle & Cooke's plan was to collaborate with planners and architects on making Mililani Town a satellite city that would satisfy Oʻahu's pent-up demand for housing with a new affordable community. It was planned to eventually support a population of 75,000 people. Architect and developer Al Boeke, who would later create the planned community of Sea Ranch, California, was the development director of Mililani. The first homes in Mililani went on sale on June 23, 1968.

In 1976, Interstate H-2 opened for Mililani, cutting travel time from Mililani to Honolulu in half. In 1986, Mililani was named an All-America City in recognition of a community effort to clean up drinking water contaminated with agricultural pesticides. It is the only community in Hawaiʻi ever to receive this distinction.

On April 6, 1990, ground was broken for Mililani Mauka, a newer and more upscale community east of the Interstate H-2. The first homeowners moved into Mauka in 1992.

In 2003, Mililani was designated as the pilot site for the City and County of Honolulu's curbside recycling program. In 2005, Money magazine named Mililani as one of the best places to live in the U.S. In 2006, Mililani ʻIke Elementary School first grade teacher Phyllis Nakama-Kawamoto was named Hawaiʻi's American Star of Teaching by the U.S. Department of Education.

Description
Mililani is the third wealthiest zip code (96789) in the state of Hawaiʻi, according to the 2006 ranking by Pacific Business News. Although it is largely a bedroom community for Honolulu, Mililani has its own commercial shopping centers, schools (such as Mililani High School), parks, community centers, and a golf course. Mililani homeowners must pay dues to the Mililani Town Association, which enforces covenants and design standards, and provides recreational facilities including several pools.

The Mililani Golf Club is a par-72, 6,455-yard course that is open to the public. The Mililani Technology Park is a nearby campus-like park that is zoned for high-tech industries.

The older portion of Mililani to the west of Interstate H-2 is known as Mililani Town. The newer portion of Mililani to the east of Interstate H-2 is known as Mililani Mauka. Almost all of Mililani's commercial and retail centers are in Mililani Town. A third region of Mililani is Launani Valley, a secluded, master planned development located below Mililani Tech Park on Wikao Street. The area was developed by Towne and contains a blend of townhome and single family units.

Geography
Mililani Town is located at 21.446°N, -158.0142°W, near the center of Oahu Island, on the plateau or "central valley" between the two volcanic mountains that comprise the island. It is in the Central District and the City & County of Honolulu. The town is somewhat physically confined between the two large central Oahu gulches of Waikele and Kīpapa.

Travelling north on either Kamehameha Highway (State Rte. 99) or Interstate H-2 connects the traveller with Wahiawā. Travelling south on either of these arteries connects to Waipio.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Mililani Town CDP has a total area of 10.4 km2, of which 7386 sqm, or 0.07%, is water.

The U.S. postal code for Mililani is 96789.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 28,121 people, 8,934 households, and 3.07 people per household. The population density was 7,014.5 people per square mile. There were 9,272 housing units and the owner-occupied housing unit rate was 79.7%. The racial makeup of the CDP was 48.1% Asian, 14.0% White, 2.4% African American, 4.6% Pacific Islander, and 10.9% were Hispanic or Latino. 30.0% were two or more races.

There were 9,010 households, out of which 43.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.6% were non-families. 10.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.17 and the average family size was 3.41.

In the CDP, the population was 25.5% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $73,067, and the median income for a family was $76,338. Males had a median income of $47,051 versus $31,976 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,427. About 2.5% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 1.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The United States Postal Service operates the Mililani Post Office.

In 2017, the state approved NRG Energy, Inc. to build a 14.7 megawatt solar farm project near Mililani called Lanikuhana Solar. Hawaiian Electric Companies (HECO) will buy electricity from this solar farm at 11.4 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) for 22 years. On September 10, 2019, the 14.7 megawatt Mililani Solar II developed by Clearway Energy Group began its operation alongside the Mililani Agricultural Park. Originally started by the developer SunEdison, Hawaiian Electric broke its ties to the firm in February 2016 before SunEdison's bankruptcy proceedings. San Francisco-based Clearway's predecessor the NRG Energy's Community Solar division, took over the project at the end of November 2016. On January 22, 2019, the Clearway Energy Group obtained NRG Community Solar's assets.

In March 2019, the Public Utilities Commission approved Clearway Energy Group to build a 39 megawatt solar farm with a 39 MW / 156 megawatt-hour battery storage project near Mililani called Mililani Solar I. HECO will buy electricity from this solar-plus-storage project at 9 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh). The Mililani Solar I project was completed by Clearway in 2022.

Education
Public schools in Mililani are operated by the Hawaiʻi Department of Education.

Elementary schools in the CDP include Kīpapa, Mililani Uka, and Mililani Waena. Mililani High School is located inside the CDP.

Hanalani Schools is a private school located in Mililani. It has over 600 students spanning pre-K through 12th grade as of 2022.

The following schools have Mililani postal addresses but are in the Mililani Mauka CDP: Mililani Mauka Elementary School, Mililani Ike Elementary School, and Mililani Middle School.

Notable people

 * JoAnne S. Bass, Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force, first female top enlisted person of any American military service
 * Dillon Gabriel, current college football quarterback
 * McKenzie Milton, former college football quarterback
 * Margaret Denise Quigley, American actress, activist, and model
 * Maa Tanuvasa, former American football defensive end, two time Super Bowl champion for Denver Broncos
 * Tasya van Ree, painter and photographer

title: Mililani, Hawaii


text:
Mokulēia, Hawaii

Mokulēia is a North Shore community and census-designated place (CDP) in the Waialua District on the island of Oahu, City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. Mokulēia means "isle [of] abundance" in Hawaiian. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 1,816. Features of interest here include Mokulēia Beach, Mokulēia Polo Field, and Dillingham Airfield, west of the town.

At the western end of Farrington Highway, approximately 1 mile beyond Dillingham Airfield entrance, begins the track (trail) to Kaena Point, the westernmost tip of Oahu.

The U.S. postal code for Mokulēia is 96791.

Geography
Mokulēia is located at 21.57722°N, -158.15889°W, immediately west of Waialua along Farrington Highway and State Rte. 82 (Waialua Beach Road).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 7.0 km2, of which 3.8 km2 is land and 3.2 km2, or 45.86%, is water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,839 people, 709 households, and 384 families residing in Mokulēia. The population density was 923.2 PD/sqmi. There were 883 housing units at an average density of 443.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 57.21% White, 1.47% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 11.36% Asian, 5.60% Pacific Islander, 0.60% from other races, and 23.49% from two or more races. 7.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 709 households 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.7% were non-families. 31.3% of households were one person and 2.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.04.

The age distribution was 21.5% under the age of 18, 16.1% from 18 to 24, 36.1% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% 65 or older. The median age was 30. For every 100 females there were 134.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.7 males.

The median household income was $50,100 and the median family income was $57,917. Males had a median income of $36,458 versus $27,317 for females. The per capita income was $24,643. 10.7% of the population and 10.5% of families were below the poverty line. Of the total population, 15.1% of those under 18 and 7.8% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

title: Mokulēia, Hawaii


text:
Nānākuli, Hawaii

Nānākuli is a census-designated place (CDP) on the west coast of the island of Oahu, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. In Hawaiian, nānā kuli means literally "look at knee". The population was 11,461 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Nānākuli is 48 km (30 miles) away from Honolulu, and is located near the southern end of the Waiʻanae mountain. It is accessible from Farrington Highway, though most residents live in the valley. A popular park, Nānākuli Beach Park, is nearby.

Demographics
As of the 2020 census, there were 11,461 people, a 2.39% decrease from the 12,666 people living in Nānākuli in the 2010 census.

The median age was 31.5, the median household income was $75,031, the median property value was $370,600, the average car ownership was 2 cars per household, and the poverty rate was 15.3%. The 3 largest ethnic groups were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic), Multiracial (Non-Hispanic), and Multiracial (Hispanic).

Native Hawaiian Community in Nānakuli
Nānākuli is home to one of the oldest Hawaiian Home Land Divisions established through the Native Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921, promoted by Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole. The presence of DHHL (Department of Hawaiian Home Lands) has heavily influenced the Nānākuli community. Uniquely in the state of Hawaiʻi and for the last 50 years, three Nānākuli public schools have campuses located on Hawaiian Home Lands. These are Nānākuli High and Intermediate, Nānā I Ka Pono, and Nānākuli Elementary. Within the last two decades, Native Hawaiian based learning has been offered for students of the valley; at Nānākuli Elementary, kids can join a Hawaiian language immersion program (Kula Kai O Puni). Aside from the Department Of Education, there also exists "Ka Waihona O Ka Naʻauao Hawaiian Public Charter School". In recent years, the neighborhood board acknowledged the long-standing history of the valley and DHHL by renaming Nānākuli Beach Park after Kalaniʻanaole. Some other Native Hawaiian organizations that have reached out to this community are the Liliʻuokalani Trust (Formerly known as the Queen Liʻliʻuokalani Children’s Center, The Office Of Hawaiian Affairs, and Kamehameha Schools). Only 3,970 reported residents identify with having some sort of Hawaiian ancestry out of the approximate population of 12,000.

In April 2021, Kamehameha Schools opened the Kalanihookaha Community Learning Center in Nānākuli.

Education
The Hawaii Department of Education operates the public schools. Two elementary schools, Nanaikapono and Nanakuli, and the Nanakuli High & Intermediate School are in the CDP.

Notable residents

 * Konishiki Yasokichi
 * Jason Momoa
 * Radasha Ho'ohuli, Miss Hawaii USA 2006
 * Raymond Kane
 * Mark Tuinei (1960–1999), former NFL player

title: Nānākuli, Hawaii