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Wilmington, North Carolina

Wilmington is a port city in and the county seat of New Hanover County in coastal southeastern North Carolina, United States. With a population of 115,451 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. Wilmington is the principal city of the Wilmington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes New Hanover, Brunswick, and Pender counties. Its metropolitan statistical area had an estimated population of 467,337 in 2023.

Wilmington's historic downtown has a 1.75 mi riverwalk, developed as a tourist attraction in the late 20th century. In 2014, Wilmington's riverfront was ranked as the "Best American Riverfront" by readers of USA Today. The National Trust for Historic Preservation selected Wilmington as one of its 2008 Dozen Distinctive Destinations.

City residents live between the Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean, with four nearby beach communities just outside Wilmington: Fort Fisher, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach, and Kure Beach, all within half-hour drives from downtown Wilmington. The city is home to the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), which provides a wide variety of programs for undergraduates, graduate students, and adult learners, in addition to cultural and sports events open to the community.

Toward the end of the 19th century, Wilmington was a majority-black, racially integrated, prosperous city, and the largest city in North Carolina. In the Wilmington massacre of 1898, white supremacists launched a coup that overthrew the legitimately elected local Fusionist government. They expelled opposition black and white leaders from the city, destroyed the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killed an estimated 60 to more than 300 people. This coincided with broader efforts of disenfranchisement at the state level. Whereas North Carolina had 125,000 registered black voters in 1896, it had 6,000 black voters by 1902. By 1910, Charlotte overtook Wilmington as North Carolina's largest city.

In 2003, the city was designated by the U.S. Congress as a "Coast Guard City", one of 29 cities that currently bear that designation, and was the home port for the USCGC Diligence (WMEC-616), a United States Coast Guard medium-endurance cutter, until 2020. On September 2, 2020, then-President Donald Trump officially declared Wilmington as the first World War II Heritage City in the country. The World War II battleship USS North Carolina (BB-55), now a war memorial, is moored across from the downtown port area, and is open to the public for tours. Other attractions include the Cape Fear Museum of History and Science and the Children's Museum of Wilmington

Wilmington is also the home of Cinespace Wilmington, the largest domestic television and movie production facility outside California. Dream Stage 10, the facility's newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the United States. It houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America. After the studio complex's opening in 1984, Wilmington became a major center of American film and television production. Numerous movies and television shows, in a range of genres, have been produced here, including Iron Man 3, Super Mario Bros., The Conjuring, A Walk to Remember, The Crow, Sleepy Hollow, Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, and The Summer I Turned Pretty.

Colonial beginnings
The city was founded in the 1730s, and after going through a series of different names (New Carthage, New London, Newton), its name became Wilmington in 1740, named after Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington.

The area along the river had been inhabited by various successive cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, historic Native Americans were members of tribes belonging to the Eastern Siouan family.

In the early 16th century, Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, commissioned by the king of France with a French crew, was reportedly the first European to see this area, including the city's present site. The first permanent colonial settlement in the area was established in the 1720s by European settlers. In September 1732, a community was founded on land owned by John Watson on the Cape Fear River, at the confluence of its northwest and northeast branches. The settlement, founded by the first royal governor, George Burrington, was called New Carthage, and then New Liverpool; it gradually took on the name New Town or Newton. Governor Gabriel Johnston soon after established his government there for the North Carolina colony. In 1739 or 1740, the town was incorporated with a new name, Wilmington, in honor of Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington.

Some early settlers of Wilmington came from the Albemarle and Pamlico regions, as well as from the colonies of Virginia and South Carolina, but most new settlers migrated from the northern colonies, the West Indies, and Northern Europe. Many of the early settlers were indentured servants from Northern Europe. As the indentured servants gained their freedom and fewer could be persuaded to travel to North America because of improving conditions back home, the settlers imported an increasing number of slaves to satisfy the labor demand. By 1767, African slaves accounted for more than 62% of the population of the Lower Cape Fear region. Many worked in the port as laborers, and some in ship-related trades.

Naval stores and lumber fueled the region's economy, both before and after the American Revolution. During the Revolutionary War, the British maintained a garrison at Fort Johnston near Wilmington.

Revolutionary era
Due to Wilmington's commercial importance as a major port, it had a critical role in opposition to the British in the years leading up to the revolution. The city had outspoken political leaders who influenced and led the resistance movement in North Carolina. The foremost of these was Wilmington resident Cornelius Harnett, who was serving in the General Assembly at the time, and where he rallied opposition to the Sugar Act in 1764. When the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act the following year, designed to raise revenue for the Crown with a kind of tax on shipping, Wilmington was the site of an elaborate demonstration against it.

On October 19, 1765, several hundred townspeople gathered in protest of the new law, burned an effigy of one town resident who favored the act, and toasted to "Liberty, Property, and No Stamp Duty." On October 31, another crowd gathered in a symbolic funeral of "Liberty". Before the effigy was buried, though, Liberty was found to have a pulse, and celebration ensued.

William Houston of Duplin County was appointed stamp receiver for Cape Fear. When Houston visited Wilmington on business, still unaware of his appointment, he recounted,

"'The Inhabitants immediately assembled about me & demanded a Categorical Answer whether I intended to put the Act relating [to] the Stamps in force. The Town Bell was rung[,] Drums [were] beating, Colours [were] flying and [a] great concourse of People [were] gathered together.' For the sake of his own life, and 'to quiet the Minds of the inraged [sic] and furious Mobb...,' Houston resigned his position at the courthouse."

Governor William Tryon made attempts to mitigate the opposition, to no avail. On November 18, 1765, he pleaded his case directly to prominent residents of the area. They said the law restricted their rights. When the stamps arrived on November 28 on HMS Diligence, Tryon ordered them to be kept on board. Shipping on the Cape Fear River was stopped, as were the functions of the courts.

Tryon, after having received his official commission as governor (a position he had assumed only after the death of Arthur Dobbs), was brought to Wilmington by Captain Constantine Phipps on a barge from the Diligence, and "was received cordially by the gentlemen of the borough." He was greeted with the firing of seventeen pieces of artillery, and the New Hanover County Regiment of the North Carolina militia, who had lined the streets. This "warm welcome" was spoiled, however, after a dispute arose between Captain Phipps and captains of ships in the harbor regarding the display of their colors. The townspeople became infuriated with Phipps and threats were made against both sides. After Tryon harangued them for their actions, the townspeople gathered around the barrels of punch and ox he had brought as refreshments. The barrels were broken open, letting the punch spill into the streets; they threw the head of the ox into the pillory, and gave its body to the enslaved population. Because of the unrest, Tryon moved his seat of government to New Bern instead of Wilmington.

On February 18, 1766, two merchant ships arrived without stamped papers at Brunswick Town. Each ship provided signed statements from the collectors at their respective ports of origin that no were stamps available, but Captain Jacob Lobb of the British cruiser Viper seized the vessels. In response, numerous residents from southern counties met in Wilmington. The group organized as the Sons of Liberty and pledged to block implementation of the Stamp Act. The following day, as many as a thousand men, including the mayor and aldermen of Wilmington, were led by Cornelius Harnett to Brunswick to confront Tryon. The governor was unyielding, but a mob retrieved the seized ships. They forced royal customs officers and public officials in the region to swear never to issue stamped paper. The Westminster Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766

Antebellum period

In the 1830s, citizens of Wilmington became eager to take advantage of railroad transportation. At this time, the shipping tonnage registered at Wilmington was 9,035. Plans were developed to build a railroad line from the capital, Raleigh, to Wilmington. When Raleigh citizens declined to subscribe in sufficient number to stock to raise money for the project, organizers changed the terminus to Weldon. When the railroad line was completed in 1840, it was the longest single line of railroad track in the world. The railroad also controlled a fleet of steamboats that ran between Wilmington and Charleston; these were used both for passenger travel and freight. Regular boat lines served Fayetteville, and packet lines traveled to northern ports. The city was a main stopover point, contributing greatly to its commerce.

By mid-century, the churchyard of St. James Episcopal Church and other town cemeteries had become filled with graves. On November 16, 1853, a group of citizens, organized as "the Proprietors of the Wilmington Cemetery", was formed to develop a new cemetery. Sixty-five acres of land around Burnt Mill Creek were chosen as the site for what would be called Oakdale Cemetery. It was the first rural cemetery in North Carolina. The cemetery's first interment, on February 6, 1855, was six-year-old Annie deRosset. Many remains from St. James churchyard were relocated to the new cemetery.

The Wilmington Gas Light Company was established in 1854. Soon after, streetlights were powered by gas made from lightwood and rosin, replacing the old street oil lamps. On December 27, 1855, the first cornerstone was laid, and construction began on a new city hall. A grant from the Thalian Association funded the attached opera house, named Thalian Hall. In 1857, the city opened its first public school, named the Union Free School, on 6th Street between Nun and Church Streets, serving White students.

Wilmington had a Black majority population before the Civil War. While most were slaves, the city had a significant community of free people of color, who developed businesses and trades. For a period up to Nat Turner's rebellion, they had been allowed to vote, carry arms, and serve in the militia. Fears after the rebellion resulted in the state legislature passing laws to restrict the rights of free Blacks.

Civil War
During the Civil War, the port was the major base for Confederate and privately owned blockade runners, which delivered badly needed supplies from England. The Union mounted a blockade to reduce the goods received by the South. The city was captured by Union forces in the Battle of Wilmington in February 1865, about one month after the fall of Fort Fisher had closed the port. Wilmington was the last Confederate port to be captured. As nearly all the military action took place some distance from the city, numerous antebellum houses and other buildings survived the war years.

In mid-August of 1862, Wilmington was devastated by a deadly outbreak of yellow fever. This fever outbreak was brought about by a blockade runner named Kate. Sources suggest that the runner had crew members who were sick before the ship landed, but Dr. W.T. Wragg would later write an article in the New York Journal of Medicine that there were at least five cases in the city before the ship arrived. Dr. Wragg treated many of the yellow fever victims during the outbreak and claimed that the dirtiness of the city and the fumes of the dirty water left by heavy rains caused the disease. By the end of the outbreak at least 1,500 and perhaps as many as 2,000, contracted yellow fever. Of those, between 650 and 800 died, a mortality rate approximately 40 percent Walter Reed would later discover in 1900 that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes, so Wilmington's outbreak had to be introduced by a third party and spread by mosquitoes in the city.

Reconstruction era and 1898 insurrection
During the Reconstruction era, former free Blacks and newly emancipated freedmen built a community in the city. About 55% of its residents were Black people. At the time, Wilmington was the largest city and the economic capital of the state.

Three of the city's aldermen were Black. Black people were also in positions of justice of the peace, deputy clerk of court, street superintendent, coroners, policemen, mail clerks, and mail carriers.

At the time, Black people accounted for over 30% of Wilmington's skilled craftsmen, such as mechanics, carpenters, jewelers, watchmakers, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stevedores, blacksmiths, masons, and wheelwrights. In addition, they owned 10 of the city's 11 restaurants and were 90% of the city's 22 barbers. The city had more Black bootmakers/shoemakers than White ones, and half of the city's tailors were Black. Lastly, two brothers, Alexander and Frank Manly, owned the Wilmington Daily Record, one of the few Black-owned newspapers in the state, which was reported to be the only one in the country.

In the 1890s, a coalition of Republicans and Populists had gained state and federal offices. The Democrats were determined to reassert their control. Violence increased around elections in this period, as armed White paramilitary insurgents, known as Red Shirts, worked to suppress Black and Republican voting. White Democrats regained control of the state legislature and sought to impose white supremacy, but some Blacks continued to be elected to local offices.

The Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 (also known as the Wilmington Race Riot) occurred as a result of the racially charged political conflict that had occurred in the decades after the Civil War and efforts by White Democrats to re-establish white supremacy and overturn Black voting. In 1898, a cadre of White Democrats, professionals, and businessmen planned to overthrow the city government if their candidates were not elected. Two days after the election, in which a White Republican was elected mayor and both White and Black aldermen were elected, more than 1500 White men (led by Democrat Alfred M. Waddell, an unsuccessful gubernatorial candidate in 1896) attacked and burned the only Black-owned daily newspaper in the state and ran off the new officers. They overthrew the legitimately elected municipal government. Waddell and his men forced the elected Republican city officials to resign at gunpoint and replaced them with men selected by leading White Democrats. Waddell was elected mayor by the newly seated board of aldermen that day. Prominent Black Americans and White Republicans were banished from the city in the following days. This is the only such coup d'état in United States history.

Whites attacked and killed an estimated 10–100 Blacks; no Whites died in the violence. As a result of the attacks, more than 2100 Blacks permanently left the city, leaving a hole among its professional and middle classes. The demographic change was so large that the city became majority White, rather than the majority Black it was before the coup.

Following these events, the North Carolina legislature passed a new constitution that raised barriers to voter registration, imposing requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests that effectively disfranchised most Black voters, following the example of Mississippi. Blacks were essentially excluded from the political system until after the enactment of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965.

20th century
Wilmington is home to the Bijou Theater, which began as a tent in 1904 and progressed to a permanent structure in 1906. It operated until 1956, making it the oldest movie theater in the state and one of the oldest, continuously running theaters in the country. In 1910, Charlotte passed Wilmington to become North Carolina's largest city. In the mid-20th century, efforts to preserve many historic building began. Due to this, many historic buildings were listed as National Register of Historic Places. Starting in the 1980s, the city has been used for filming many horror films, such as Blue Velvet in 1985 and I Know What You Did Last Summer in 1997. In 1990, the extension of Interstate 40 to New Hanover County was opened and officially connected the region to the Interstate Highway System.

World War II
During World War II, Wilmington was the home of the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company. The shipyard was created as part of the U.S. government's Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Workers built 243 ships in Wilmington during the five years the company operated.

Three prisoner-of-war (POW) camps operated in the city from February 1944 through April 1946. At their peak, the camps held 550 German prisoners. The first camp was located on the corner of Shipyard Boulevard and Carolina Beach Road; it was moved downtown to Ann Street, between 8th and 10th Avenues, when it outgrew the original location. A smaller contingent of prisoners was assigned to a third site, working in the officers' mess and doing groundskeeping at Bluethenthal Army Air Base, which is now Wilmington International Airport.

21st century
During the 1990s, and all the way to the late-2000s, Wilmington began to grow rapidly, partially due to the film industry and the completion of I-40. The city successfully annexed the areas of Seagate in 1998 and Masonboro in 2000. The annexation of Monkey Junction was stopped in 2012 by the North Carolina House of Representatives after local backlash. In 2017, a chemical compound called GenX, discharged by a Chemours plant near Fayetteville, North Carolina, was first found to be present in the Cape Fear River; a major water source for the region. It was also revealed that the same plant had been discharging the chemical compound since 1980. In 2020, then-President Donald Trump designated Wilmington as the first World War II Heritage City in the country due to the city's contributions during the war.

National Register of Historic Places
The Audubon Trolley Station, Brookwood Historic District, Carolina Heights Historic District, Carolina Place Historic District, City Hall/Thalian Hall, Delgrado School, Federal Building and Courthouse, Fort Fisher, Gabriel's Landing, James Walker Nursing School Quarters, Market Street Mansion District, Masonboro Sound Historic District, Moores Creek National Battlefield, Sunset Park Historic District, USS North Carolina (BB-55) National Historic Landmark, Westbrook-Ardmore Historic District, William Hooper School (Former), Wilmington Historic District, and Wilmington National Cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Wilmington is the eastern terminus of Interstate 40, an east-west freeway that ends 2,554 miles away at Barstow, California, where it joins I-15, the gateway to Southern California. This road passes through many major cities and state capitals along the way.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 52.97 sqmi, of which 51.41 sqmi is land and 1.56 sqmi (2.95%) is water. Wrightsville Beach is a common destination in the Wilmington area. Carolina Beach and Kure Beach also add to the city's attractions.

Climate
Wilmington has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with these characteristics:
 * Winters are generally mild with January highs in the mid-50s °F (~12 °C) and lows in the mid-30s °F (~1 °C). Snowfall does not occur in most years, and when it does, is generally light.
 * Spring is reasonably lengthy, beginning in late February and lasting to early May. The presence of abundant dense vegetation in the area causes significant pollen dusting in the springtime that tends to turn rooftops and cars yellow.
 * Summer brings high humidity, with daily high temperatures usually ranging from the upper 80s to lower 90s °F (31–34 °C), and daily low temperatures usually from 70 to 75 °F (~22 °C). Heat indices can easily break the 100 °F mark, though the actual temperature does not in most years. Due to the proximity of warm Atlantic Ocean waters and prevailing tropical-system tracks, the Wilmington area is subject to hurricane or tropical storm activity, mostly from August to early October, with an average frequency of once every seven years. Such tropical systems can bring high winds and very heavy rains, sometimes 4 in or more in a single tropical system. Precipitation in Wilmington occurs year-round. April is the driest month, with just over 3 in of rain on average, and August and September are the wettest months, with over 8 in of rain each, on average. In an average year, the July to September period delivers nearly 40% of annual rainfall.
 * Autumn is also generally humid at the beginning, with the threat from tropical weather systems (hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions) peaking in September.
 * Normal January mean temperature: 46.0 °F. The coldest month in recorded history was January 1977, averaging 35.7 °F. January 1981 had a colder average minimum of 25.8 °F.
 * Normal July mean temperature: 81.1 °F. The hottest month in recorded history was July 2012, averaging 84.7 °F. July 1993 had a hotter average maximum of 94.0 °F.
 * Average nights ≤ 32 °F: 39
 * First and last freezes of the season: November 18 and March 20, allowing a growing season of 244 days
 * Average days ≥ 90 °F: 43, but historically as low as 9 in 1909 and as high as 71 in 1980.
 * First and last 90 °F highs: May 15, September 15
 * Highest recorded temperature: 104 °F on June 27, 1952
 * Lowest daily maximum temperature: 16 °F on February 13, 1899 and December 30, 1917
 * Highest daily minimum temperature: 83 °F on August 1, 1999 and August 9, 2007
 * Lowest recorded temperature: 0 °F on December 25, 1989
 * Average annual precipitation: 60.15 in, but historically ranging from 27.68 in in 1909 to 102.40 in in 2018, aided by 23.02 inches of rain, September 13–16, from Hurricane Florence's slow movement across the Carolinas. The 2018 annual precipitation of 102.40 inches exceeded the previous record wettest year (1877, with 83.65 inches of precipitation).
 * Wettest day: 13.38 in on September 15, 1999
 * Driest month: 0.16 in in April 1995
 * Wettest month: 24.13 in in September 2018, followed closely by 23.41 in in September 1999
 * Winter average snowfall: 1.6 in (the median amount is 0)
 * Snowiest 24-hour period: 12.1 in on February 17–18, 1896
 * Snowiest month: 15.3 in in December 1989, making the winter of 1989–90 the snowiest

Cityscape
Wilmington boasts a large historic district encompassing nearly 300 blocks. Abandoned warehouses on downtown's northern end have been recently demolished making room for multimillion dollar projects, such as what was the world headquarters of Pharmaceutical Product Development and current tallest building in Wilmington at 228 ft. (The building was then bought by Thermo Fisher Scientific. In 2023, it was bought by the City of Wilmington and renamed "Skyline Center". It is now the main building for city government operations. ) Other completed projects include a state-of-the-art convention center, Live Oak Bank Pavilion, Pier 33 Apartments, and The Cove houseboat community in Port City Marina.

Downtown/Old Wilmington

Crime
Between 2006 and 2008, crime rates, as reported through the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports, decreased in 6 of the 8 reported categories.

Wilmington has an increasing problem with gang violence, and on October 15, 2013, the WPD and NHC sheriff's department created a joint task force to combat gang violence. Just a day later the city council approved $142,000 in funding for a gang investigative unit.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 115,451 people, 54,673 households, and 27,131 families residing in the city.

2013 census estimate
At the 2013 census estimate, there were 112,067 people and 47,003 households in the city. The population density was 2,067.8 PD/sqmi and there were 53,400 housing units. The racial composition of the city was: 73.5% White, 19.9% Black or African American, 6.1% Hispanic or Latino American, 1.2% Asian American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.

There were 34,359 households, out of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.5% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.5% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 17.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,099, and the median income for a family was $41,891. Males had a median income of $30,803 versus $23,423 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,503. About 13.3% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Religion
Less than half of Wilmington's population is religiously affiliated (47.30%), with the majority of practitioners being Christian. The two largest Christian denominations in Wilmington are Protestant: Baptists (14.66%) and Methodists (8.29%), followed by Roman Catholics (7.42%). There are also a significant number of Presbyterians (3.19%), Episcopalians (2.30%), Pentecostals (1.45%), and Lutherans (1.32%). Other Christian denominations make up 7.02%, and the Latter-Day Saints have 0.90%. Much smaller is the proportion of residents who follow Islam (0.46%), and Judaism (0.25%). A small percentage of people practice Eastern religions (0.04%).

Wilmington has significant historical religious buildings, such as the Basilica Shrine of St. Mary and the Temple of Israel.

Airport
The Wilmington International Airport (ILM) serves the area with commercial air service provided by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and Avelo Airlines. American Airlines carries a large share of the airport's traffic, and therefore flies the largest of the aircraft in and out of the airport. The airport serves over 930,000 travelers per year. The airport is also home to two fixed-base operations (FBOs) that currently house over 100 private aircraft. The airport maintains a separate International Terminal providing a full service Federal Inspection Station to clear international flights. This includes U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Immigration. The airport is 4 miles from downtown and is served by Wave Transit buses.

U.S. Routes

 * (future Hampstead Bypass)
 * (future Hampstead Bypass)
 * (future Hampstead Bypass)

North Carolina State Highways

 * (temporary highway designation for US 17 Byp.)
 * (temporary highway designation for US 17 Byp.)
 * (temporary highway designation for US 17 Byp.)

Alternative transportation options
Public transit in the area is provided by the Cape Fear Public Transportation Authority, which operates fixed bus routes, shuttles, and a free downtown trolley under the brand name Wave Transit. A daily intercity bus service to Raleigh is provided by Greyhound Lines. Wilmington is also served by Amtrak Thruway bus connections to Wilson, North Carolina where connections can be made with Amtrak's Carolinian and Palmetto. The city's Union Station last had passenger train service in 1968 with the Seaboard Coast Line's predecessor version of the Palmetto. The Seaboard Air Line's station last had service in 1958, with a daily train to Charlotte via Hamlet.

The NCDOT Cape Fear Run bicycle route connects Apex to Wilmington and closely parallels the RUSA 600 km brevet route.

The city of Wilmington offers transient docking facilities in the center of downtown Wilmington along the Cape Fear River approximately 12.5 mi from the Intracoastal Waterway. The river depth in the run up from the ICW is in excess of 40 ft. Taxicab services are available from several vendors, however, the City's Taxi Commission keeps meter rates artificially low. In 2021, regulations were eased to help the taxi industry compete with other companies like Uber and Lyft.

The Gary Shell Cross-City Trail is primarily a multi-use trail that provides bicycle and pedestrian access to numerous recreational, cultural and educational destinations in Wilmington. The Gary Shell Cross-City Trail provides bicycle and pedestrian connection from Wade Park, Halyburton Park and Empie Park to the Heide-Trask Drawbridge at the Intracoastal Waterway. It also connects to the River to Sea Bikeway and the under-construction Central College Trail and Greenville Loop Trail.

Economy
Wilmington's industrial base includes electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; nuclear fuel; and pharmaceuticals. Wilmington is part of North Carolina's Research coast, adjacent to the Research Triangle Park in Durham.

Also important to Wilmington's economy is tourism due to its close proximity to the ocean and vibrant nightlife.

Located on the Cape Fear River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean, Wilmington is a sizable seaport, including private marine terminals and the North Carolina State Ports Authority's Port of Wilmington.

Wilmington is home to the Greater Wilmington Chamber of Commerce, the oldest Chamber in North Carolina, organized in 1853. Companies with their headquarters in Wilmington include Live Oak Bank and HomeInsurance.com.

Top employers
According to the city's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Government
Wilmington adopted a council–manager form of government in 1941.

Mayors
List of mayors of Wilmington:
 * John Sampson, 1760
 * Frederick Gregg, c. 1760s
 * Moses John deRosset, c. 1766
 * Hinton James c. 1800s, first student to attend the University of North Carolina
 * William James Harriss, ?–1839, physician, died in office
 * Colonel John McRae c. 1855
 * A.H. Van Bokkelen, 1866
 * John Dawson?–1868
 * Joseph H. Neff, 1868–?
 * Silas N. Martin, 1871–1872
 * S.H. (Solomon Harry) Fishblate 1878–1880, 1893
 * Edward Dudley Hall 1883–1887
 * A. G. Ricaud, 1891–1893
 * Silas P. Wright 1897–1898, resigned at gunpoint and Waddell installed in his place.
 * Alfred Moore Waddell, 1898–1906
 * William B. Cooper, 1902–1903, as (mayor pro tempore)
 * William E. Springer 1907–1910
 * Joseph D. Smith, c. 1911
 * P.Q. (Parker Quince) Moore, c.1913–1921
 * James Cowen, c 1922
 * William E. Mayo 1921–1924, died in office
 * Katherine Mayo Cowan 1924–1925, assumed her husband's term
 * Walter H. Blair, 1926–1937
 * Robert E. Cooper 1937–1940
 * Hargrove Bellamy 1941–1942
 * Edgar Yow, 1942–1943
 * Bruce B. Cameron 1943–1944, died in office
 * W. Ronald Lane, 1945–1946
 * J.E.L. "Hi, Buddy" Wade, 1948 (mayor pro tempore), 1949–1950, 1958–1960
 * Royce McClelland 1951
 * E.S. Capps 1952–1953, 1960–1961
 * E. L. White, c. 1953–1955
 * Daniel David Cameron, 1956–1958
 * Ogden Allsbrook, 1961–1970
 * Hannah Block, c. 1963 (mayor pro tempore)
 * Luther M. Cromartie, 1970–1971
 * Benjamin David Schwartz, c. 1971–1972
 * John Symes, 1972
 * Herbert B. Brand, 1973–1975
 * Ben Halterman, 1975–1983
 * William Schwartz, c. 1983–1985
 * Berry Armon Williams, 1985–1987
 * Don Betz, 1987–1997
 * Hamilton Hicks, 1997–1999
 * David L. Jones, 1999–2001
 * Harper Peterson 2001–2003
 * Spence Broadhurst, 2003–2006
 * Bill Saffo, 2007–present
 * Spence Broadhurst, 2003–2006
 * Bill Saffo, 2007–present

Universities and colleges

 * University of North Carolina at Wilmington
 * Cape Fear Community College
 * Shaw University (satellite campus)
 * University of Mount Olive (satellite campus)
 * University of North Carolina at Pembroke (satellite campus)
 * Miller-Motte Technical College

Schools
Public schools in Wilmington are operated by the New Hanover County School System.

High schools

 * Emsley A. Laney High School
 * Eugene Ashley High School
 * Girls’ Leadership Academy (GLOW)
 * Isaac Bear Early College High School
 * John T. Hoggard High School
 * Mosley Performance Learning Center
 * New Hanover High School
 * Wilmington Early College High School

Middle schools

 * Holly Shelter Middle School
 * Lake Forest Academy
 * MCS Noble Middle School
 * Murray Middle School
 * Myrtle Grove Middle School
 * Roland-Grise Middle School
 * Trask Middle School
 * Williston Middle School

Elementary schools

 * Alderman
 * Anderson
 * Bellamy
 * Blair
 * Bradley Creek
 * Castle Hayne
 * Codington
 * College Park
 * Eaton
 * Forest Hills
 * Freeman School of Engineering
 * Gregory School of Science, Mathematics and Technology
 * Holly Tree
 * Lake Forest Academy
 * Mary C. Williams
 * Masonboro (formerly called Walter L. Parsley Elementary)
 * Murrayville
 * Ogden
 * Pine Valley
 * Snipes Academy of Arts and Design
 * Sunset Park
 * Winter Park
 * Wrightsboro
 * Wrightsville Beach

Private schools

 * Cape Fear Academy
 * Cape Fear Center for Inquiry
 * Friends School of Wilmington
 * The Lyceum Academy
 * New Horizons Elementary School
 * St. Mark Catholic School
 * St. Mary Catholic Church
 * Wilmington Academy of Arts and Sciences

Healthcare
New Hanover Regional Medical Center is a hospital in Wilmington. It was established in 1967 as a public hospital, and it was the first hospital in the city to admit patients of all races. It was operated by New Hanover County. In February 2021 Novant Health, a nonprofit private organization, acquired the hospital.

Performing arts
The city supports a very active calendar with its showcase theater, Thalian Hall, hosting about 250 events annually. The complex has been in continuous operation since it opened in 1858 and houses three performance venues, the Main Stage, the Grand Ballroom, and the Studio Theater.

The Hannah Block Historic USO/Community Arts Center, 120 South Second Street in the Wilmington Historic District, is a multiuse facility owned by the City of Wilmington and managed by the Thalian Association, the Official Community Theater of North Carolina. Here, five studios are available to nonprofit organizations for theatrical performances, rehearsals, musicals, recitals and art classes. For more than half a century, the Hannah Block Historic USO Building has facilitated the coming together of generations, providing children with programs that challenge them creatively, and enhance the quality of life for residents throughout the region.

The Hannah Block Second Street Stage is home to the Thalian Association Children's Theater. It is one of the main attractions at the Hannah Block Community Arts Center. The theater seats 200 and is used as a performance venue by community theater groups and other entertainment productions.

The University of North Carolina at Wilmington College of Arts and Science departments of Theatre, Music and Art share a state-of-the-art, $34 million Cultural Arts Building, which opened in December 2006. The production area consists of a music recital hall, art gallery, and two theaters. Sponsored events include 4 theater productions a year.

The Brooklyn Arts Center at St. Andrews is a 125-year-old building on the corner of North 4th and Campbell St in downtown Wilmington. The Brooklyn Arts Center at Saint Andrews (BAC) is on the National Register of Historic Places. The BAC is used for weddings, concerts, fundraisers, art shows, vintage flea markets, and other community-driven events.

Wilmington is home to the Wilmington Conservatory of Fine Arts, a studio for foundlings. The Wilmington Conservatory of Fine Arts is the only studio in the region to offer Progressing Ballet Technique instruction from two certified instructors. The Conservatory is also host to Turning Pointe Dance Company, a faith-based dance company, which performs artistic pieces such as "Pinocchio" for the Wilmington Community.

Film

Wilmington is home to Cinespace Wilmington. The city's prominent place in cinema throughout the 1980s and 1990s earned the city the moniker "Hollywood East". Popular television series like Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Sleepy Hollow, SIX, Good Behavior, Eastbound and Down and Under The Dome were filmed at the studio complex and on location throughout the city. Movies shot in Wilmington include Maximum Overdrive (1986), Crimes of the Heart (1986), Year of the Dragon (1985), Blue Velvet (1986), King Kong Lives (1986), Hiding Out (1987), Raw Deal (1986), Track 29 (1988), Weeds (1987), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), The Crow (1994), Silver Bullet (1985), Firestarter (1984), Iron Man 3, A Walk to Remember, We're the Millers, The Longest Ride and The Choice. Actor Brandon Lee was killed after an accidental shooting during the filming of The Crow.

Since 1995, Wilmington hosts an annual, nationally recognized, independent film festival called "Cucalorus". It is the keystone event of The Cucalorus Film Foundation, a non-profit organization. The Foundation also sponsors weekly screenings, several short documentary projects, and the annual Kids Festival, with hands on film-making workshops.

The Cape Fear Independent Film Network also hosts a film festival annually, and the Wilmington Jewish Film Festival also takes place yearly. For several years Wilmington was also the location of fan conventions for One Tree Hill, reuniting the cast and drawing tourists to the city.

In 2014, Governor Pat McCrory decided not to renew the film incentives, which ended up taking a massive toll on not just Wilmington's but North Carolina's entire film industry. As a result, most productions and film businesses moved to other cities, especially to Atlanta, Georgia. For the years following, were many attempts to bring the industry back to North Carolina via the North Carolina Film and Entertainment Grant. This grant designates $31 million per fiscal year (Jul 1–Jun 30) in film incentives.

In the early 2020s, after the COVID-19 lockdowns and changes to state legislation, filming in the city began to increase again, with 2021 being the biggest year to date for both the city's film industry as well as the whole film industry at large in North Carolina.

In 2022, Dark Horse Studios, which became Wilmington's second film studio in 2020, planned a 20 million dollar expansion to their studio complex in Wilmington, set to be complete in 2024.

On September 27, 2023, Cinespace Studios announced it had purchased the EUE/Screen Gems Studios location in Wilmington.

Literature
Birthplace of Johnson Jones Hooper (1815–1862), Author of the Simon Suggs Series.

Birthplace of Robert Ruark (1915–1965)

Now rare, an early edition of the Scottish poet Robert Burns's "Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect" was printed by Bonsal and Niles of Market Street, Baltimore in 1804.

Music
Chamber Music Wilmington was founded in 1995 and presents its four-concert "Simply Classical" series every season. The concerts are performed by world-class chamber musicians and are held at UNCW's Beckwith Recital Hall.

The Wilmington Symphony Orchestra was established in 1971 and offers throughout the year a series of five classical performances, and a Free Family Concert. Wilmington is also home to numerous music festivals.

One of the largest DIY festivals, the Wilmington Exchange Festival, occurs over a period of 5 days around Memorial Day each year. It is currently in its 13th year.

Celebrating its 37th year, February 2 thru 4, 2017, the North Carolina Jazz Festival is a three-day traditional jazz festival that features world-renowned jazz musicians.

The Cape Fear Blues Society is a driving force behind blues music in Wilmington. The organization manages, staffs and sponsors weekly Cape Fear Blues Jams and the annual Cape Fear Blues Challenge talent competition (winners travel to Memphis TN for the International Blues Challenge). Its largest endeavor is the Cape Fear Blues Festival, an annual celebration that showcases local, regional and national touring blues artists performing at a variety of events and venues, including the Cape Fear Blues Cruise, Blues Workshops, an All-Day Blues Jam, and numerous live club shows. Membership in the CFBS is open to listeners and musicians alike.

Museums and historic areas/sites

 * Cameron Art Museum
 * Bellamy Mansion Museum of History & Design Arts
 * Cape Fear Museum of History and Science
 * The Children's Museum of Wilmington
 * First Baptist Church, founded in 1808
 * First Presbyterian Church, historic Presbyterian church
 * Grace United Methodist Church, founded in 1797
 * Hannah Block Historic USO/Community Arts Center
 * Latimer House Museum and Gardens
 * St. James Episcopal Church, oldest church in Wilmington
 * St. Mary Catholic Church, historic Roman Catholic church in Wilmington
 * Sunset Park Historic District
 * Temple of Israel, oldest synagogue in North Carolina
 * USS North Carolina Memorial
 * Wilmington Railroad Museum

The Second and Orange Street USO Club was erected by the Army Corps of Engineers at a cost of $80,000. Along with an identical structure on Nixon Street for African-American servicemen, it opened in December 1941, the same month that the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. From 1941 to 1945, the USO hosted 35,000 uniformed visitors a week. Recently renovated with sensitivity to its historic character, the Hannah Block Historic USO (HBHUSO) lobby serves as a museum where World War II memorabilia and other artifacts are displayed. The building itself was rededicated in Ms. Block's name in 2006 and restored to its 1943 wartime character in 2008. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The World War II Wilmington Home Front Heritage Coalition, an all volunteer 501(c)(3) preservation organization, is the de facto preservationist of the building's history and maintains the home front museum.

Festivals
Wilmington is host to many annual festivals, including, most notably, the Azalea Festival. The Azalea Festival, sponsored by the Cape Fear Garden Club, features a garden tour, historic home tour, garden party, musical performances, a parade, and a fireworks show. It takes places every year in April.

Newspapers
The Star-News is Wilmington's daily newspaper; read widely throughout the Lower Cape Fear region and now owned by Gannett, following its merger with the Star's previous owner, GateHouse Media. A daily online newspaper, Port City Daily, is owned by Local Daily Media. Two historically black newspapers are distributed and published weekly: The Wilmington Journal and The Challenger Newspapers. Encore Magazine is a weekly arts and entertainment publication.

AM

 * 630 AM WMFD – Sports ("ESPN Radio, AM 630")
 * 1340 AM WLSG – Regional Mexican ("La Raza 94.1")

FM

 * 89.7 FM WDVV – Worship & Praise Music ("The Dove, 89.7")
 * 90.5 FM WWIL-FM – Christian Music ("Life 90.5")
 * 91.3 FM WHQR – Public Radio
 * 93.1 FM WBPL-LP – Wilmington Catholic Radio
 * 94.1 FM W231CL Regional Mexican ("La Raza 94.1") (WLSG translator)
 * 95.5 FM W238AV – Contemporary Christian ("K-LOVE")
 * 95.9 FM W240AS – Soft AC ("95.9 The Breeze") (WKXB translator)
 * 97.3 FM WMNX – Hip Hop/R & B ("Coast 97.3")
 * 100.5 FM W263BA – Contemporary Christian ("K-LOVE")
 * 101.3 FM WWQQ-FM- Country ("Double Q, 101")
 * 102.7 FM WGNI – Hot AC ("102.7 GNI")
 * 104.5 FM WYHW – Christian Talk ("104.5")

Television
The Wilmington television market is ranked 130 in the United States, and is the smallest DMA in North Carolina. The broadcast stations are as follows:
 * WWAY, Channel 3, (ABC affiliate, with CBS on 3.2 and CW on 3.3): licensed to Wilmington, owned by Morris Multimedia
 * WECT, Channel 6, (NBC affiliate): licensed to Wilmington, owned by Gray Television
 * WILM-LD, Channel 10, (Independent station): licensed to Wilmington, owned by the Capitol Broadcasting Company
 * WSFX-TV, Channel 26, (Fox affiliate): licensed to Wilmington, owned by American Spirit Media and operated by Gray Television
 * WUNJ-TV, Channel 39, (PBS member station, part of the UNC-TV Network)

Cable news station News 14 Carolina also maintains its coastal bureau in Wilmington.

On September 8, 2008, at noon, WWAY, WECT, WSFX, WILM-LP and W51CW all turned off their analog signals, making Wilmington the first market in the nation to go digital-only as part of a test by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to iron out transition and reception concerns before the nationwide shutoff. Wilmington was chosen as the test market because the area's digital channel positions will remain unchanged after the transition. As the area's official conduit of emergency information, WUNJ did not participate in the early analog switchoff, and kept their analog signal on until the national digital switchover date of June 12, 2009. W47CK did not participate due to its low-power status; FCC rules currently exempt low-powered stations from the 2009 analog shutdown. WILM-LP and W51CW chose to participate, even though they are exempt as LPTV stations.

Despite Tropical Storm Hanna making landfall southwest of Wilmington two days before (September 6), the switchover continued as scheduled. The ceremony was marked by governmental and television representatives flipping a large switch (marked with the slogan "First in Flight, First in Digital") from analog to digital.

Sports
The Wilmington Sharks are a Coastal Plain League (CPL) baseball team in Wilmington that was founded in 1997 and was among the charter organizations when the CPL was formed that same year. The roster is made up of top collegiate baseball players fine-tuning their skills using wood bats to prepare for professional baseball. Their stadium is located at Buck Hardee Field at Legion Stadium.

The Wilmington Sea Dawgs are a Tobacco Road Basketball League (TRBL) team that began its inaugural season with the American Basketball Association (ABA) in November 2006 and have also played in the Premier Basketball League, and the Continental Basketball League.

The Wilmington Hammerheads were a professional soccer team based in Wilmington. They were founded in 1996 and played in the United Soccer Leagues Second Division. Their stadium was Legion Stadium, however, UNCW Soccer Stadium for their 2017 season. After the 2009 season, the USL discontinued their relationship with the franchise owner Chuck Sullivan. The Hammerheads franchise returned in 2011, but was disbanded again in 2017. Currently, the organization only manages its youth team under the name Wilmington Hammerheads Youth FC.

The University of North Carolina Wilmington sponsors 19 intercollegiate sports and has held Division 1 membership in the NCAA since 1977. UNCW competes in the Colonial Athletic Association and has been a member since 1984.

The University of North Carolina Wilmington is also home to the Seamen Ultimate Frisbee team. The team won the National Championship in 1993 and most recently qualified for the USA Ultimate College Nationals tournament in 2014

The Cape Fear Rugby Football Club is an amateur rugby club playing in USA Rugby South Division II. They were founded in 1974 and hosts the annual Cape Fear Sevens Tournament held over July 4 weekend; hosting teams from all over the world. They own their own rugby pitch located at 21st and Chestnut St.

Off and on, from 1900 to 2001, Wilmington has been home to a professional minor league baseball team. The Wilmington Pirates, a Cincinnati Reds farm team, were one of the top clubs in the Tobacco State League from 1946–50. Most recently the Wilmington Waves, a Class A affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, played in the South Atlantic League. Former All Star catcher Jason Varitek played for Wilmington's Port City Roosters in 1995 and 1996. In 1914 the Philadelphia Phillies held spring training in Wilmington.

The beach near Wilmington, NC is home to the annual O’Neil/Sweetwater Pro-Am and Music Festival, the second largest surfing contest on the East Coast.

Retail

 * Chandler's Wharf
 * Cotton Exchange of Wilmington
 * Front Street Center
 * Hanover Center Shopping Mall
 * Independence Mall
 * Long Leaf Mall
 * Mayfaire Town Center
 * The Point at Barclay

Points of interest

 * Airlie Gardens
 * Cape Fear Museum of History and Science
 * Cameron Art Museum
 * Carolina Beach
 * Cinespace Wilmington
 * Fort Fisher State Recreation Area
 * Fort Fisher State Historic Site
 * Kure Beach
 * New Hanover County Extension Service Arboretum
 * North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher
 * North Carolina Azalea Festival
 * University of North Carolina at Wilmington Arboretum
 * USS North Carolina (BB-55) Battleship & Museum
 * Wrightsville Beach

Art and literature

 * Jock Brandis, author, co-founder of the Full Belly Project
 * Wiley Cash, author
 * Mark Cox, poet
 * Minnie Evans, folk artist
 * Barbara Guest, poet and prose stylist
 * Tini Howard, comic book writer
 * Will Inman, poet
 * Sharyn McCrumb, author
 * Peggy Payne, writer, journalist, and consultant to writers
 * Celia Rivenbark, humor columnist and author
 * Robert Ruark, author, syndicated columnist, and big game hunter
 * Emily McGary Selinger, painter, writer, poet, and educator
 * Betsy Thornton, author

Government and politics

 * Joseph Carter Abbott, colonel in Union Army during American Civil War, Republican state senator representing North Carolina from 1868–1871
 * John Dillard Bellamy, congressman
 * Timothy Bloodworth, teacher and statesmen, elected to the 1st United States Congress
 * Jeanne Milliken Bonds, mayor of Knightdale, North Carolina
 * Deb Butler, representative for North Carolina's 18th House district
 * John Cox, member of the Virginia House of Delegates
 * George Davis, politician and lawyer
 * Lucien C. Gause, lawyer and politician representing Arkansas
 * Eustace Edward Green was a state legislator and educator in the North Carolina and a doctor in Georgia
 * Susi Hamilton, Democratic representative for North Carolina's 18th House district
 * Lethia Sherman Hankins, African American woman city council member
 * Cornelius Harnett, merchant, farmer, and statesman, delegate for North Carolina in the Continental Congress
 * William Hooper, delegate for North Carolina in the Continental Congress, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, deputy attorney general of North Carolina, and federal judge
 * John Peter LaFrenz, politician representing New York
 * Charles A. McClenahan, member of the Maryland House of Delegates for district 38
 * Daniel F. McComas, born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, served as a member of the North Carolina General Assembly, representing New Hanover County in the 13th and 19th House districts
 * Harry Payne, state representative and North Carolina Commissioner of Labor
 * Duncan K. McRae, attorney, diplomat, and state legislator
 * Samuel D. Purviance, represented North Carolina in the United States House of Representatives
 * Bill Saffo, longest serving mayor in Wilmington's history
 * John Sampson, politician before and after the American Colonial era
 * John Patterson Sampson, American abolitionist, newspaper publisher, writer, lawyer, judge, and minister
 * Carson Smith, Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives for the 16th district, previously served as sheriff to Pender County, North Carolina
 * Charles Manly Stedman, politician and lawyer
 * William Francis Strudwick, early U.S. congressman between serving 1796 and 1797
 * James Thorington, lawyer, judge, and one term U.S. representative for Iowa's 2nd congressional district
 * Lara Trump, daughter-in-law of former President Donald Trump
 * Alfred Moore Waddell, lawyer, politician, and publisher
 * Garland H. White, preacher and politician who served as chaplain for the 28th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
 * Woodrow Wilson, 28th president of the United States

Media and entertainment

 * Barnacle Boi, electronic music producer, vocalist, and visual artist
 * David Brinkley, television newscaster for NBC and ABC
 * Cliff Cash, stand-up comedian
 * Charlie Daniels, country music legend, inducted into the Grand Ole Opry and the Country Music Hall of Fame.
 * Sammy Davis Sr., dancer and father of entertainer Sammy Davis Jr.
 * Maddie Hasson, actress, best known for her role as Willa Monday on the short lived Fox television series The Finder
 * Johnson J. Hooper, 19th century humorist
 * Caterina Jarboro, first black opera singer ever to sing on an opera stage in America. In 1999, she was inducted into the Wilmington Walk of Fame.
 * Charles Kuralt, award-winning journalist
 * Jane McNeill, stage, film, and television actress
 * Don Payne, writer and producer
 * Sha-Rock (Sharon Green), rapper and MC, considered the "first female rapper"
 * Willis Richardson, playwright
 * James Wall, stage manager and actor

Military

 * Edwin Anderson Jr., Medal of Honor recipient
 * Eugene Ashley Jr., Medal of Honor recipient
 * Arthur Bluethenthal, football player and World War I pilot
 * William D. Halyburton Jr., Medal of Honor recipient
 * Joseph McNeil, member of the Greensboro Four during Civil rights movement, and former major general in the U.S. Air Force
 * Charles P. Murray Jr., Medal of Honor recipient
 * Ilario Pantano, United States Marine
 * William Gordon Rutherfurd, commanded HMS Swiftsure (1804) during the Battle of Trafalgar
 * Ted Sampley, Vietnam veteran and POW-MIA activist
 * John Steele, paratrooper; subject of the film The Longest Day
 * John Ancrum Winslow, officer in the United States Navy during the Mexican–American War and American Civil War

Sportspeople

 * Kadeem Allen, basketball player in the NBA and currently for Hapoel Haifa in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 * Marvin Allen, UNC Chapel Hill soccer coach
 * Wright Anderson, Elon University football coach
 * Reggie Barnes, former pro-skateboarder and owner of Eastern Skateboard Supply
 * Connor Barth, NFL kicker
 * Nick Becton, NFL offensive tackle
 * Sam Bowens, MLB outfielder
 * Derek Brunson, UFC fighter
 * Jonathan Cooper, NFL offensive guard
 * Alge Crumpler, NFL tight end
 * Hoss Ellington, NASCAR driver
 * Roman Gabriel, former NFL quarterback and NFL Most Valuable Player winner
 * Kenny Gattison, former NBA player
 * Althea Gibson, professional tennis player, golfer, and member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame
 * Tyrell Godwin, MLB outfielder
 * Alex Highsmith, NFL linebacker for the Pittsburgh Steelers
 * Keever Jankovich, former NFL player
 * Sam Jones, former NBA player and member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
 * Kitwana Jones, former CFL defensive end
 * Michael Jordan, former NBA player and member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
 * Sonny Jurgensen, former NFL quarterback and member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
 * Clarence Kea, professional basketball player
 * Meadowlark Lemon, former Harlem Globetrotter and member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
 * Sugar Ray Leonard, professional boxer, Olympic gold medalist at 1976 Summer Olympics, member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame
 * Quinton McCracken, MLB outfielder
 * Teana Miller, WNBA player
 * Rodney Moore, professional boxer
 * Ron Musselman, MLB pitcher
 * Trot Nixon, MLB outfielder
 * Jim Norton, NFL defensive lineman
 * Pat Ogrin, NFL defensive tackle
 * Sam Pellom, NBA player
 * Jackie Rogers, NASCAR driver
 * Jay Ross, NFL nose guard
 * Robert Ruark, sportsman and syndicated writer
 * Sonny Siaki, professional wrestler
 * Charles Sinek, competitive ice dancer
 * Harvest Smith, professional basketball player
 * Willie Stargell, MLB outfielder and first baseman, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame
 * Ross Tomaselli, professional soccer player
 * Ty Walker, professional basketball player
 * Tamera "Ty" Young, WNBA player

Other notables

 * Julia Dalton, Miss North Carolina USA 2015
 * Kristen Dalton, Miss North Carolina USA 2009 & Miss USA 2009
 * Sarah Graham Kenan, philanthropist
 * Charles J. Mendelsohn, cryptographer and classicist
 * Samuel Mendelsohn, Lithuanian Jewish rabbi and scholar
 * Louis T. Moore, preservationist, author, historian, photographer, and civic promoter
 * Eliza Hall Nutt Parsley, founder of the North Carolina Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy
 * Thomas Peters, early founder of Sierra Leone
 * Fred Pickler, actor, author, and photographer
 * Fr. Thomas Price, first native Catholic priest of North Carolina
 * Robert Robinson Taylor, American architect
 * David Walker, Black abolitionist
 * Amy Wright, CNN Hero of the Year 2017

Sister cities
Wilmington is a sister city with the following cities:
 * Dandong, Liaoning, China—1986
 * /🏴 Doncaster, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom—1989
 * 🇧🇧 Bridgetown, Barbados—2004
 * 🇧🇿 San Pedro Town, Belize—2007

title: Wilmington, North Carolina


text:
Wrightsboro, North Carolina

Wrightsboro is a census-designated place (CDP) in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 4,896, up from 4,496 in 2000. It is part of the Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.7 sqmi, all land.

Landmark

 * Tinga Nursery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,526 people, 1,777 households, and 1,105 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 4,496 people, 1,777 households and 1,284 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 418.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,897 housing units at an average density of 176.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 63.99% White, 33.59% African American, 0.62% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.53% of the population.

There were 1,777 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.97.

25.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median household income was $37,876 and the median family income was $40,327. Males had a median income of $31,667 compared with $24,173 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,681. About 6.5% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.6% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wrightsboro, North Carolina


text:
Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina

Wrightsville Beach is a town in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. Wrightsville Beach is just east of Wilmington and is part of the Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,477 at the 2010 census. The town consists of a 4 mi long beach island, an interior island called Harbor Island, and pockets of commercial property on the mainland. It served as a filming location of Dawson's Creek.

Establishment
The first documented history of present-day Wrightsville Beach began when the Lord's Proprietor granted land to Charles Harrison in 1725. The land grant was for 640 acres located north of the present day Heide Trask Bridge that runs over the Intracoastal Waterway and was the first formal ownership of property near the beach. In the 1700 and 1800s the Hammocks were accessible by a footbridge from the mainland, but the beach itself was only accessible by boat.

In 1883, the Carolina Yacht Club was founded by seven local men who loved to sail and race boats. It is currently known as the seventh oldest Yacht club in America. It was the first permanent structure on the beach and was only accessible by boat. This was followed by a few scattered cottages and commercial buildings began springing up on what was then known as Ocean View Beach.

The town bears the name of Joshua G. Wright of Wilmington (1842-1890), who developed a local realtor company. A post office called Wrightsville was subsequently established in 1881. Accessibility to the beach improved in 1887 when Shell Road was completed, running from Wilmington to the edge of the current Intracoastal Waterway. The town was incorporated in 1899 as Wrightsville Beach, in honor of the Wright family of Wilmington and the community of Wrightsville on the mainland side of Harbor Island.

Development
By the late 1800s, ownership of the land had passed to the MacRae family of Wilmington. In 1887 passenger service began on the Wilmington Sea Coast Railroad from Wilmington, bringing people from downtown Wilmington to the edge of Bradley Creek. In 1889, the Ocean View Railroad built a track across Banks Channel to carry visitors to the oceanfront.

Having already established a power generation company, in 1902 Hugh MacRae (March 30, 1865 - October 20, 1951) took control of the city of Wilmington's utilities by forming the Consolidated Railroad, Power & Light Company (CRPLCo - subsequently renamed the Tidewater Power Company, which became part of the Carolina Power & Light Company in 1952 post-MacRae's death). The Ocean View Railroad was subsequently converted to an electric streetcar. After MacRae subsequently took over the Wilmington Sea Coast Railroad, he consolidated the area's lines into one electric streetcar system, carrying people from downtown Wilmington to one of seven stations along South Lumina Avenue. Automobiles were banned from Wrightsville Beach until the 1930s, giving the CRPLCo streetcar a virtual monopoly on transportation. The streetcar operations also carried freight with adapted freight cars, often part of the operations consist mainly of carrying ice in an era before indoor refrigeration was available, allowing the subsequent development of far more snack stands and soda shops along the beach.

With the CRPLCo electric streetcar now in operation, the MacRae family began developing plots of land both along the streetcar line and Wrightsville Beach as a beach resort. The two hotels on the beach were renovated, and the first public entertainment venue on the beach was built, named Lumina, because of the 6,000 exterior lights that illuminated the building. It was opened in 1905 with a 25000 sqft venue for dancing and socializing, games, food, and entertainment. It attracted many entertainers and musicians, including the Big Bands of the 1930s and 40s. In 1913, Lumina enlarged the dance floor and added a movie screen in the surf from which they showed silent films. After World War II, its popularity slowly declined due to the cancellation of the trolley service to the beach in 1940 and the growing number of other entertainment venues in and around the area. Lumina changed hands a few times after the war as people tried various ways to make it the hottest spot on the beach. It was a skating alley and then a bar before it was closed in 1972. The health department then condemned lumina. It was torn down in 1973 to make room for condominiums along the beach.

In 1923 Shell Island was purchased by the Home Realty Company to build a resort for African Americans in the community. They built a pavilion, boardwalks, concessions, and bathhouses. Visitors could ride the streetcar to Harbor Island and board the ferry, taking them over to Shell Island. But in 1926, a massive fire burned every structure on the island. Never rebuilt, transportation to Shell Island also hence ceased.

In 1937 the third pier in North Carolina, the Ocean View Pier, was constructed. In 1939 it was bought by Johnnie Mercer and renamed after its new owner. Hurricanes have really taken a toll on the pier. It was hit by hurricanes Hazel, Connie, Bertha, and Fran. After Fran in 1996, the pier was so damaged that it was closed until 2002, reopening with a whole new look. The current Johnnie Mercer's Pier is made of reinforced concrete and still stands today. A second pier was constructed in 1938 by Floyd Cox and named the Mira Mar Fishing Pier. It was built on top of the wreck of the Fanny and Jenny, a Confederate blockade runner that ran aground during its maiden voyage in the Civil War in 1864. The wreckage created a natural reef, making for good fishing. Originally Mira Mar was 1000 ft long and boasted a bowling alley and restaurant. The pier was later bought and briefly renamed the Luna Fishing Pier and then the Crystal Fishing Pier.

The construction and popularity of these new buildings were made possible in part by constructing a highway and car bridge to the beach in 1935. A causeway from the mainland to Harbor Island was built in 1926. This allowed people to drive to the first part of the beach. The opening of a road all the way from the mainland to the beach, with a bridge over Banks Channel, allowed residents and visitors to access the town via road easily. On April 18, 1939, W.R. "Tuck" Savage, who had operated the first electric streetcar in Wilmington, also piloted the city's last one on a return trip to Wrightsville Beach.

Storm activity
Wrightsville Beach has weathered many storms. Two devastating hurricanes hit in 1899. The first hurricane hit on August 17, making landfall at Hatteras with widespread destruction at Wrightsville Beach. The second storm came just south of Wrightsville Beach on November 1 at high tide. Many structures and buildings on the island were damaged. Cottages were wiped off the beach, the train trestle was damaged, and the Carolina Yacht Club had to be completely rebuilt. A few smaller storms hit in the early 1900s, but none did extensive damage.

The next big hit came in 1954 from Hurricane Hazel, which made landfall at Holden Beach. This was the third named hurricane to hit the area within seven weeks and is the only category 4 hurricane to make landfall in North Carolina. The storm headed up the coast devastating Yaupon Beach, Long Beach and Southport before hitting Carolina Beach and Wrightsville Beach. Hurricane Connie hit the beach in 1955 and caused damages to Johnnie Mercer's Pier and other houses along the beach.

In 1996, the area was hit by two hurricanes, Bertha and Fran, within months of each other. The storms destroyed the beaches' fishing piers and caused hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of damage.

In 1999, the area was affected by Hurricane Dennis, which dumped heavy rains and recorded gusts up to 90 - 100 mph at Wrightsville and set up the catastrophic flooding disaster that would be the result of Hurricane Floyd's landfall nearby just weeks later.

Hurricane Florence made landfall in Wrightsville Beach in 2018 as a Category 1 storm with maximum 90 mph winds.

Historic sites

 * Bradley-Latimer Summer House
 * Cape Fear Civil War Shipwreck Discontiguous District
 * Mount Lebanon Chapel and Cemetery
 * James D. and Frances Sprunt Cottage, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
The area's geography is composed of two islands separated by two different bodies of water. Bradley Creek runs between the mainland and the Hammocks (currently known as Harbor Island). The Hammocks are then separated from the beach by Banks Channel. Wrightsville Beach lies south of Figure Eight Island, separated by Mason's Inlet, and north of Masonboro Island, separated by Masonboro Inlet.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.4 sqmi, of which 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2) is land and 1.1 sqmi  (44.40%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,473 people, 1,166 households, and 531 families residing in the town.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 2,593 people, 1,275 households and 566 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,943.4 PD/sqmi. There were 3,050 housing units at an average density of 2,285.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.11% White, 0.27% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of the population.

There were 1,275 households, of which 10.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 55.6% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02, and the average family size was 2.47.

Age distribution was 8.9% under the age of 18, 16.8% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.1 males.

The median household income was $55,903, and the median family income was $71,641. Males had a median income of $35,388 versus $36,083 for females. The per capita income for the town was $36,575. About 2.0% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina


text:
Conway, North Carolina

Conway is a town in Northampton County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 836 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.8 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 752 people, 306 households, and 221 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 836 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 48.6% White, 47.7% Black and 1.3% from two or more races. 2.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 734 people, 328 households, and 205 families living in the town. The population density was 406.0 PD/sqmi. There were 356 housing units at an average density of 196.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 65.53% White, 33.24% African American, 0.54% Native American, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.27% of the population.

There were 328 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,250, and the median income for a family was $27,386. Males had a median income of $26,932 versus $21,538 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,969. About 24.9% of families and 24.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.3% of those under age 18 and 21.1% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Stu Flythe, former MLB player
 * Fred Vinson, former NBA player and current coach

title: Conway, North Carolina


text:
Garysburg, North Carolina

Garysburg is a town in Northampton County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,057 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Garysburg is named for Roderick B. Gary.

The Garysburg United Methodist Church and Cemetery and Mason-Hardee-Capel House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1848, Garysburg was a stop on the Petersburg Railroad.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 904 people, 414 households, and 267 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,057 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 95.0% Black, 2.4% White, 0.9% Native American and 1.0% from two or more races. 0.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,254 people, 482 households, and 334 families living in the town. The population density was 1,302.4 PD/sqmi. There were 526 housing units at an average density of 546.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 2.39% White, 96.09% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.

There were 482 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $22,604, and the median income for a family was $27,386. Males had a median income of $23,333 versus $20,682 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,172. About 22.9% of families and 28.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.8% of those under age 18 and 25.2% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Keion Crossen, NFL cornerback and Super Bowl LIII champion with the New England Patriots

title: Garysburg, North Carolina


text:
Gaston, North Carolina

Gaston is a town in Northampton County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,152 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The Gaston School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.8 sqmi, of which 1.7 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi  (7.65%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,008 people, 567 households, and 341 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 973 people, 429 households, and 296 families residing in the town. The population density was 575.5 PD/sqmi. There were 479 housing units at an average density of 283.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 66.39% White, 31.76% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.31% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 429 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 22.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,824, and the median income for a family was $29,375. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $18,819 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,247. About 18.2% of families and 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.5% of those under age 18 and 18.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The elementary and middle schools serving Gaston are Gaston Elementary and Gaston Middle. The high school serving Gaston is Northampton County High School. Also located in Gaston is KIPP Pride High School, a charter school part of the Knowledge is Power Program commonly known as KIPP.

title: Gaston, North Carolina


text:
Jackson, North Carolina

Jackson is a town in Northampton County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 513 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Northampton County.

Jackson is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The Amis-Bragg House, Church of the Saviour and Cemetery, Jackson Historic District, Mowfield, Northampton County Courthouse Square, and Verona are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 430 people, 245 households, and 142 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 695 people, 218 households, and 148 families residing in the town. The population density was 683.8 PD/sqmi. There were 243 housing units at an average density of 239.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 51.94% White, 47.63% African American, 0.14% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.29% of the population.

There were 218 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 27.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $34,000. Males had a median income of $27,917 versus $18,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,588. About 18.6% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.3% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The elementary school serving Jackson is Central Elementary School. CES is the newest school in Northampton County; it opened it doors for the 2006-2007 school year. It combined Seaboard Coates Elementary and Jackson Eastside Elementary schools.

Also housed in Jackson is the Central Services building for Northampton County Schools. Northampton County Schools is the local educational agency for the district. The system includes seven schools.

title: Jackson, North Carolina


text:
Lasker, North Carolina

Lasker is a town in Northampton County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 122 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 sqmi, all land.

Education
Lasker has one private school in the town, called Northeast Academy.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 103 people, 48 households, and 33 families residing in the town. The population density was 81.9 PD/sqmi. There were 58 housing units at an average density of 46.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 88.35% White and 11.65% African American.

There were 48 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.61.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.4% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,607, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $51,432. There were 10.0% of families and 10.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 30.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Notable persons

 * Chris Daughtry — singer/songwriter, known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the rock band Daughtry
 * Stanley Draper, influential community leader responsible for the development of Oklahoma City.

title: Lasker, North Carolina


text:
Rich Square, North Carolina

Rich Square (also known as Richsquare) is an American town of 894 people in Northampton County, North Carolina.

History
Quakers were some of the earliest settlers in Northampton County, being established there by the early 1750s. The congregation in Rich Square was established in 1760, and was once a center for the Religious Society of Friends in North Carolina. By 1832, they were a minority in Rich Square, though they continued working to relocate former slaves into free states.

In 1947, Godwin Bush was a black man in Northampton County who escaped a lynching by a white mob; two all-white grand juries refused to indict the seven white kidnappers. In response, local pastor and businessman Paul A. Bishop promoted a black-led boycott of white-owned businesses in Rich Square (contemporaneously described by a black community leader as "a town that didn't like black folk.") Many of the boycotted stores went out of business.

On July 26, 1959, Lieutenant Colonel William Rankin was flying his US Marine Corps F8U Crusader from Naval Air Station South Weymouth in Massachusetts to Naval Air Station Beaufort in South Carolina. When he lost all power at an altitude of 47000 ft, he ejected into the -70 F air and began uncontrolled decompression through an intense thunderstorm and hail for the next 40 minutes. After "the most prolonged and fantastic parachute descent in history", he eventually landed near Rich Square, from where he was rescued by a local farmer and eventually taken to Ahoskie, North Carolina for triage. (The plane came down near Scotland Neck, North Carolina.)

In 1968, the federal government of the United States established the Family Development Training Project in Rich Square, an effort up uplift families in poverty by simultaneously educating all members thereof at government expanse. On a 50 acre parcel of town, twelve training and support buildings were constructed to support the 50 families living in 50 colocated mobile homes. Eligible families must have been employed by two or more employers in the preceding year, and annually earn less than US$2500 1968. In 1974, The Family Coordinator called the five-year program "one of the most unique and successful programs ever developed in the United States".

The Duke-Lawrence House is a recognized example of Georgian architecture in Rich Square, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in October 1980. The local Holoman-Outland House was recognized for its Colonial Revival architecture and listed on the register in October 2001.

Geography
The town of Rich Square is located in Northampton County, North Carolina, at 36.27394°N, -77.28391°W, with an elevation of 22 meter.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, the population of Rich Square was 894 people in 337 of the town's 414 housing units. The median age was 62.2 (± 7.4), with 44.5 percent (± 10.7%) of the town aged 65 or older, and only 9.1 percent (± 4.8%) under 18.

In Rich Square, 4.4 percent (± 4.1%) of residents were foreign-born (all of whom were naturalized citizens), and only 5.0 percent (± 4.4%) spoke a language other than English at home. Four residents (0.4%) were Native Americans, one (0.1%) was Asian, 578 (64.7%) were Black or African American, 26 (2.9%) were Hispanic or Latino, 270 (31.1%) were White people, nine (1.0%) were of another race or ethnicity, and 24 (2.7%) were multiracial people.

In town, 18.0 percent (± 9.3%) of residents had at least a bachelor's degree, while seven percent had a graduate degree or higher. The employment rate was 38.7 percent (± 13.1%), and 5.5 percent (± 5.7%) of the men were veterans. The town's median household income was $29,375 (± $15,623), as compared to the state's rate of $61,972 (± $541), which left 34.0 percent (± 16.6%) of locals living in poverty.

Government
In the 1960s, Rich Square was governed by a town council. Local funeral home director Joseph Gordon was the first African American elected to the body, in 1967.

Education
In the 1950s, Rich Square had two high schools: Rich Square High School and W. S. Creecy High School.

title: Rich Square, North Carolina