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Inlet, New York

Inlet is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 355 at the 2020 census, up from 333 in 2010. The name is derived from its location at the eastern end (inlet) of Fourth Lake, part of the Fulton Chain of Lakes.

The town is on the western edge of Hamilton County.

History
The area developed to serve the needs of many sportsmen after the middle of the 19th century, and was known as the "Inlet on Fourth Lake". The town of Inlet was formed in 1901 from the north part of the town of Morehouse. In 1901, the community of Inlet set itself off as a village by incorporation but has since abandoned that status.

About the area
Inlet has been a hub of Adirondack tourism for more than a century. Inlet is surrounded by over one million acres (400,000 ha) of lands within the Adirondack Park that are easily accessible.

An American Tragedy, Theodore Dreiser's award-winning novel based on the murder of Grace Brown, included a scene at Arrowhead. The actual murder took place in Punkey Bay on Big Moose Lake in 1906. Three days later, Chester Gillette was arrested at the Arrowhead Hotel in Inlet, the site of the present Arrowhead Park. Gillette was sentenced to die in the electric chair in Auburn, New York. The book was later made into the movie "A Place in the Sun" starring Montgomery Clift and Elizabeth Taylor.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 171.9 km2, of which 161.1 km2 are land and 10.8 km2, or 6.29%, are water.

The western town line is the border of Herkimer County. The Moose River defines the southern town line.

New York State Route 28 is an east–west highway across Inlet and is the only significant road in the town.

The Fulton Chain Lakes stretch across Inlet into neighboring areas.

Adjacent towns and areas
Inlet forms its western border with the towns of Ohio and Webb in Herkimer County. To the south is the town of Morehouse. The town of Long Lake forms the northern and part of the eastern boundary, and the town of Arietta forms the southern part of the eastern boundary.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 406 people, 188 households, and 128 families residing in the town. The population density was 6.5 people per square mile (2.5/km2). There were 1,003 housing units at an average density of 16.1 per square mile (6.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.31% White, 0.25% Pacific Islander, 3.20% from other races, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.46% of the population.

There were 188 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.59.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.2% under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,574, and the median income for a family was $37,361. Males had a median income of $29,063 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,076. About 7.9% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Inlet

 * Bug Lake – A lake located north of Seventh Lake.
 * Browns Tract Pond – A small lake on the northern edge of the town, bordered by the state-operated Brown Tract Pond Campground.
 * Cascade Lake – A lake in the northern corner of the town.
 * Eagle Bay – A hamlet in Herkimer County at the western town line of Inlet.
 * Eagles Nest Lake – A lake located north of Seventh Lake.
 * Eighth Lake – A Fulton Chain Lake, northeast of Seventh Lake. There are no private residences, as the entire lake is within the state forest preserve. There is a state campground located here, between Seventh and Eighth Lake.
 * Fifth Lake – A lake located by Inlet; part of the Fulton Chain Lakes.
 * Fourth Lake – A large lake shared between the Town of Inlet and Herkimer County. The lake is the largest of the eight lakes of the Fulton Chain. Most of the lake shore is privately owned, though part is state forest preserve. There is a state boat launch in the hamlet of Inlet.
 * Inlet – The hamlet of Inlet is on the eastern tip of Fourth Lake near the western town line. Inlet is the only significant community in this town and is located on NY-28. There are gift shops, a grocery store, restaurants, a bike shop, a hardware store, a bookstore, a hotel, town government offices and a public park on Fourth Lake.
 * Limekiln Lake – A lake south of Inlet, divided by the western town line. There is a state campground located here.
 * Lower Browns Tract Pond – A lake located northeast of Inlet.
 * Sixth Lake – A small lake east of Inlet. Most of its shoreline is privately owned, with seasonal residences which are locally called "camps."
 * Seventh Lake – A lake east of Sixth Lake, connected by a channel or narrows through which you can go by boat. Seventh Lake is the second largest of the eight lakes in the Fulton Chain. Half of the lakeshore is in the state forest preserve, the rest is privately owned. There is a state boat launch near the east end of the lake.
 * Upper Browns Tract Pond – A lake located northeast of Inlet.

title: Inlet, New York


text:
Lake Pleasant, New York

Lake Pleasant is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 897 at the 2020 census. It contains the hamlet of Lake Pleasant, the county seat of Hamilton County.

The town of Lake Pleasant is within the Adirondack Park and is centrally located in the county. The town is a tourist hub, with seasonal homes comprising about three-quarters of the housing units in the area. Between Memorial Day and Labor Day, the unofficial summer season, the small town is a busy community, with many activities including a parade, fireworks, summer musical, camping, hiking, water activities, historical activities, art show, geocaching, and mountain biking.

Native Americans
Archaeological evidence of Native Americans has been found in arrowheads and spearheads near the shores of Lake Pleasant. Many historians believe Lake Pleasant was the hunting and fishing grounds of both Mohawk and Algonquin tribes. These Native Americans would travel to the Adirondack Mountains to hunt only during the warm months, while their villages were located in the Mohawk and Hudson Valley regions.

There was a Mohawk man, who named himself Captain Gill, who lived in a wigwam at the outlet of Lake Pleasant during the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century. He had a wife named Molly, who had a daughter named Molly Jr., although Capt. Gill didn't claim the daughter as his own. Old Capt. Gill was a trail guide for the first settlers. He would show them places to hunt and fish. Capt. Gill was most famous for his story telling and would tell folklore of the Iroquois nation. One story told of a forgotten tribe that lived year-round near Round Lake (now known as Sacandaga Lake) near the present-day hamlet of Lake Pleasant. This tribe had their village on a hill which is now behind the Hamilton County buildings. The legend talks about an evil deed the tribe did and the Flying Head that came out of Lake Sacandaga and chased them out of the Adirondack Mountains.

First settlers
The first settlers arrived around 1795; this area was then a part of the town of Mayfield in Montgomery County.

The early town was once described as "A wild waste...so poor that nobody inclines to settle in it."

The inexpensive land was offered by New York City landowners to induce settlement. Heavily forested majestic mountains, abundant game for food and furs, and numerous lakes and streams full of fish awaited the first settlers. A few hardy pioneers came to the wilderness, cleared the land and built self-sufficient farms. They built gristmills and sawmills for local use. All seemed good except for the heavy snows and lack of good roads, which meant they were isolated in the winter and muddy spring.

A short cool summer growing season meant adopting their farming to crops that would survive to feed themselves and livestock. Sheep were the main livestock and did well on the rocky hillsides, and cloth was manufactured in many homes. Wild animals such as wolves, coyotes, bobcats and mountain lions had to be dealt with. Apple orchards were planted with some success. A few mills to craft woodenware and tools were built. Some of the first settlers found income from shingle making, and nearly every building was roofed with these wooden shingles. Small dairies supplied butter, cheese, and milk to neighbors and later to logging camps and large hotels. Development was slow and deprivation was numerous. Many settlers left to be closer to their families where farm land was richer and jobs that offered a steady income could be found. Several small settlements separated by distance and a lack of passable roads soon became small towns. The large area was impractical to govern, and the Montgomery County courthouse was 60 mi away. In 1805, the town of Wells was established, which included the area of Lake Pleasant.

Lake Pleasant was formed in 1812 from part of the town of Wells, before the formation of Hamilton County, with about 300 residents. It was a large area with scattered settlements and large reaching boundaries. It extended north indefinitely and to the west to the Herkimer County line. Hamilton County became a provisional county in 1816 but since it lacked enough residents it was counted along with Montgomery County.

War of 1812
The United States declared war on Great Britain on June 18, 1812. The settlers of Wells and Lake Pleasant were afraid of potential attacks from Native Americans who allied with the British Empire to attack American settlements. The Native Americans (yet unknown what tribe or nation) were seen roaming in the forest hunting, trapping and fishing. Despite no attacks, the Lake Pleasant settlers who considered themselves on the northern frontier boundary of the St. Lawrence, fled their homes and scattered themselves in the counties of Saratoga, Rensselaer and Montgomery. All inhabitants except the Peck family left Lake Pleasant, and so did a large majority of Wells. An application was made by a remaining few settlers to the New York Governor Daniel D. Tompkins for an order to raise a company of volunteers from Lake Pleasant and Wells to create a militia in order to allay the fears of the inhabitants, to protect them from a possible massacre and to encourage them to return to their homes. The petition was granted, and William B. Peck was commissioned captain of the Wells and Lake Pleasant Home Guards of Company C under Montgomery County's Militia 122 regiment. Lt. John L. Francisco later took command of the militia when Peck retired from his post.

The War of 1812 brought a need for roads to be built so the US could invade Canada. A military road was created through the town to reach the St. Lawrence River so men and provisions could be transported easily into Canadian territory.

Transformation of Lake Pleasant
The town of Lake Pleasant was formed in 1812 from the town of Wells. Lake Pleasant was a "mother town" of Hamilton County, and other towns were made, in whole or part, by removing parts of its territory: Morehouse (1835), Arietta (1836), part of Long Lake (1837), part of Gilmantown (1839−1860), part of Hope (1847), part of Wells (1858), and part of Indian Lake (1861).

Gilmantown stretched over 40 mi from Wells to Long Lake and was soon recognized as impractical; the land was annexed to Lake Pleasant and Wells. Gradually settlement continued and two communities developed about 4 mi apart near the waters of Lake Pleasant. In 1844, the community of Lake Pleasant was also known as "Sageville" after Hezekiah Sage built a hotel and attempted to rename the community after himself. In 1897, the town's name returned to Lake Pleasant.

The small settlement at the foot of the lake was Lake Pleasant until 1864 when Joel Newton built a small store and hotel in the center of town and secured a post office with the name "Newton's Corners". At that time Page Hill and Page Street were included in Newton's Corners. Joel Newton's structure burned in 1870, and in 1872 the Newton's Corners post office was reopened in Satterlee's store. Henry Dunning built a hotel in 1882 where Newton's hotel had been and the post office had moved there, and 1896 the community received a new name, Speculator, after the mountain seen across the lake.

In 1892, a few ambitious and industrious business leaders felt they needed to update and modernize their facilities. Speculator was a "booming Mecca" for tourists. With the support of the voters in 1925, the village of Speculator was "incorporated" with a mayor and two trustees, which later changed to four trustees. The village of Speculator purchased a small water system of Dexter Slack and expanded it. The village had a generating plant and waterwheel installed at Christine Falls, and by 1926 they had electricity.

Age of tourism
Growth escalated in the Victorian era between the mid-1800s and the early 1900s. Whole families spent their summers enjoying the mountain hospitality and fresh air. Several more hotels were built to accommodate them, and eventually more stores, homes and several cottages were built. Around the 1850s, city sportsmen began to come to the Adirondack Mountains to hunt, fish, and enjoy expeditions into the deep woods. They hired local men who knew the area to be guides. The guides provided food and crude lean-tos for shelter. Hunting shanties were later widely used. With these sportsmen came their whole families to use the many hotels and boardinghouses in Lake Pleasant and Speculator. Private summer camps and cottages were built, as well as family and children's camps, such as Camp-of-the-Woods, Camp Setag for girls, Kamp Kun-ju-muk for boys, the YMCA Camp Agaming, and Deerfoot Lodge for boys, around the shores of local lakes.

After World War I, famous athletes came to practice in the isolated communities, such as Gene Tunney, Max Schmeling, and Max Baer, who arrived to train for the heavyweight championship fight.

Age of lumbering
In the beginning, small sawmills provided lumber for local use. After the Civil War, large lumber companies were formed and mills were built near the Glens Falls area. At first logging was prevalent along the upper Hudson River, which was used to float the logs to the mills. Later logging operations moved into Lake Pleasant, and the Sacandaga River was used to float logs to Glens Falls. The state of New York designated rivers as public highways for moving logs to the larger companies. Many local farmers found winter employment with these companies as well as supplying the companies with potatoes, meat, and dairy products and hay and feed for the horses. The lumber companies bought large parcels of land for their timber. Some of this land was later abandoned and became state land. This was the beginning of the Adirondack Park as designated in 1892.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 512.8 km2, of which 486.9 km2 are land and 25.9 km2, or 5.05%, are water.

New York State Route 8, an east–west highway, and New York State Route 30, a north–south highway, intersect at the "Four Corners" in the village of Speculator.

The Sacandaga River, a tributary of the Hudson River, flows out through the eastern border of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 876 people, 388 households, and 256 families residing in the town. The population density was 4.7 people per square mile (1.8/km2). There were 1,429 housing units at an average density of 7.6 per square mile (2.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.49% White, 1.03% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.80% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 388 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.70.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,467, and the median income for a family was $39,766. Males had a median income of $28,523 versus $23,194 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,259. Below the poverty line were 7.1% of people, 5.2% of families, 10.8% of those under 18 and 3.6% of those over 64.

Inhabited places

 * Lake Pleasant – This hamlet, the county seat, was also called "Sageville" in the past.
 * Moffitt Beach State Campground – A state camping facility at the eastern end of Sacandaga Lake.
 * Oak Mountain – A location north of Speculator.
 * Perkins Clearing – An old lumber camp location on Jessup River Road, west of NY-30.
 * Sacandaga Camp – A community on NY-8 between Lake Pleasant hamlet and the Village of Speculator.
 * Sled Harbor – A location west of Perkins Clearing where travelers once changed from motorized transport to horse drawn.
 * Speculator - The Village of Speculator is the only incorporated village in Hamilton County, and was formerly called "Newtons Corners."

Geographical features

 * Blue Ridge Mountain – An elevation in the northern part of the town.
 * Buckhorn Lake – A small lake at the town line in the southwest.
 * Cedar River Flow – An artificial lake in the northern part of Lake Pleasant.
 * Fawn Lake – A lake west of Sacandaga Lake.
 * Gilman Lake – A small lake adjacent to NY-30 by the eastern town line.
 * Hamilton Lake – A small lake south of Lake Pleasant Lake.
 * Indian Lake – The southern end of this large lake is in the northern part of Lake Pleasant.
 * Lake Pleasant – The name of a lake that gives its name to both the town and the county seat, located south of NY-8 and the Village of Speculator.
 * Lewey Lake – A lake in the northern part of the town.
 * Lewey Mountain – An elevation in the northern part of the town, west of Lewey Lake.
 * Mason Lake – A lake located north of Perkins Clearing.
 * Owl Pond – A lake on the eastern town line.
 * Mud Lake – A small lake north of Sacandaga Lake.
 * Oxbow Lake – A lake at the western town line, next to NY-8.
 * Sacandada Lake – One of the large lakes in the town, north of Lake Pleasant and NY-8.
 * Sacandaga Outlet − A short river, flowing between Sacandaga Lake and Lake Pleasant, under New York Highway 8
 * Sacandaga River, A river that rises in the town and flows out the eastern town line
 * Speculator Mountain – A mountain south of the Village of Speculator. Its height is 2977 ft. It gave its name to the Village of Speculator.
 * Vly Lake – a small lake at the western town line, west of Fawn Lake.
 * Wakely Dam – A location in the northern part of the town at the north end of Cedar River Flow, east entrance to the Moose River Plains Wilderness Area.
 * Whitaker Lake – A lake east of NY Highway 30.

Notable person

 * Eleanor Macomber (1801–1840), missionary, teacher

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lake Pleasant, New York


text:
Long Lake, New York

Long Lake is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 791 at the 2020 census.

The town is named for 14 mi Long Lake, beside which it sits. A census designated place bearing the same name sits within Long Lake, home to 596 of the town's 791 inhabitants. The town is entirely within the Adirondack Park and is the northernmost town in the county. It is a summer tourism destination offering fishing, hiking, boating and swimming. In the winter months, snowmobiling is also popular. Long Lake is the home of the historic Adirondack Hotel. Long Lake is also noted for being home to Sabattis Scout Reservation, a long-term camp operated by the Longhouse Council, Boy Scouts of America.

History
The town was settled circa 1833 by Joel Plumley, a native of Vermont.

The town of Long Lake was formed in 1837 from sections of the towns of Arietta, Morehouse, Lake Pleasant, and Wells. In 1861, the town was increased by additions from Arietta, Lake Pleasant, and Morehouse.

Long Lake is part of the 1.1 million acres (4,500 km2) acquired from the Mohawk nation as part of the 1771 Totten and Crossfield Purchase. Long Lake is a glacial widening of the Raquette River and is part of the water route that connects the Fulton Chain Lakes with the Saint Lawrence River drainage. This route was frequently traveled by guideboat in the mid-late 19th century. At that time, "a typical trip might start at the Saranacs from which a party could make its way to the Raquette River via Indian Carry and Stoney Creek." The trip continued "via the lakes accessible from it— Long, Raquette, Forked, Blue and Tupper." Settled by the 1830s, Long Lake was isolated, except by water, until William Seward Webb's Mohawk and Malone Railway was built through what was then known as Long Lake West in 1892. Long Lake and Long Lake West were connected by a stage route. The Mohawk & Malone Railway was taken over by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1894, and was merged into the New York Central Railroad in 1913. Passenger rail service on the NYC ended on April 24, 1965. The town of Long Lake West was later renamed Sabattis, after Peter Sabattis and his son Mitchell Sabattis, the Abenaki Indian guides who came down from Canada and first settled in this area, followed by a long line of their offspring and family.

Long Lake West was the site of a fire that destroyed most of the town in 1908.

Long Lake is the starting point of the Roosevelt-Marcy Trail. On September 14, 1901 Theodore Roosevelt was climbing Mount Marcy when he got word that President William McKinley, who had been shot two weeks before in Buffalo, but had been expected to improve, had taken a serious turn for the worse.

Roosevelt rushed down 10 mi from his campsite at Lake Tear of the Clouds to the closest town and telephone, which was outside of Newcomb, approximately 15 mi east of Long Lake. From there he took a legendary midnight stagecoach ride to the closest train station 26 mi to the south, at North Creek, where he learned that McKinley had died. Roosevelt was sworn in at Buffalo.

Geography
Long Lake is located in northern Hamilton County at 43.97167°N, -74.58611°W (43.9717408, -74.5862453) and its elevation is 1906 ft. It is bordered to the west by Herkimer County, to the north by St. Lawrence and Franklin counties, and to the east by Essex County.

According to the 2010 United States Census, the town has a total area of 449.837 sqmi, of which 407.033 sqmi is land and 42.804 sqmi is water.

The town is in the Adirondack Park. It is the second-largest town in land area in New York (after Webb in Herkimer County). The town of Long Lake extends approximately 25 mi east to west and up to 12 mi north to south. The town extends across the northern part of the county.

New York State Route 30, a north–south highway, intersects New York State Route 28N at Long Lake village. NY-28N and NY-30 run conjoined through part of Long Lake. New York State Route 28 is an east–west highway in the southwestern part of the town.

The body of water known as Long Lake is about 14 mi long and up to 1 mi wide. The lake extends from southwest to northeast and is part of the Raquette River system. The Raquette flows into Long Lake at the southwestern end and out the northeastern end, ultimately emptying into the St. Lawrence River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 852 people, 387 households, and 236 families residing in the town. The population density was 2.1 /mi2. There were 1,496 housing units at an average density of 3.7 /mi2. The racial makeup of the town was 97.42% White, 0.59% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population.

There were 387 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.68.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 18.4% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 35.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,583, and the median income for a family was $44,583. Males had a median income of $29,141 versus $21,429 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,466. About 9.9% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

Inhabited places

 * Deerland – Originally called "Grove," this hamlet is at the southeastern end of Long Lake on NY-28N/NY-30.
 * Deerland Camp – A location on Little Forked Lake.
 * Golden Beach – A location on the eastern side of Raquette Lake by the town line.
 * Hasbroucks – A hamlet, also called "Hasbrooks," located on the northern shore of Raquette Lake at Outlet Bay.
 * Long Lake – The Cd DP of Long Lake, near the intersection of Routes NY-28N and NY-30 and near the middle section of the lake, also called the Hamlet of Long Lake and Long Lake.
 * Nehesane – An uninhabited location in the northwestern part of the town by Lake Lila, formerly owned by William Seward Webb.
 * Partlow – A location southwest of Lake Lila.
 * Raquette Lake – A hamlet on the western shore of Raquette Lake and also on NY-28.
 * Robinwood – A location in the northwestern corner of the town, southwest of Sabbitis.
 * Sabattis – An abandoned hamlet on the northern town line of Long Lake, originally called, "Long Lake West". Some of this property is known as "Sabattis Scout Reservation" and is used as a week-long summer camp for the Boy Scouts of America through most of July and August.
 * Sagamore – A location by the southern town line.
 * Whitney Headquarters – A location in the northern part of the town on Little Tupper Lake.
 * Woods – A location northeast of Raquette Lake.

Geographic features

 * Beaver River – A river flowing out the western side of the town to Lake Lila.
 * Big Island – An island in Raquette Lake.
 * Bluff Point – A peninsula defining part of Outlet Bay in Raquette Lake.
 * Brandreth Lake – A lake north of Raquette Lake.
 * Catlin Lake – A lake at the eastern town line.
 * Chub Lake – A lake located west of Raquette Lake.
 * Cranberry Pond – A lake located northwest of the hamlet of Raquette Lake.
 * Forked Lake – A lake northeast of Woods by the southern town line.
 * High Pond – A small pond located on the northern town line, north of Little Tupper Lake.
 * Indian Point – A peninsula on the western side of Raquette Lake.
 * Lake Eaton – A lake west of Long Lake hamlet and Long Lake.
 * Lake Lila – A lake in the northwest of Long Lake, forming the headwaters of the Beaver River.
 * Little Forked Lake – A small lake north of Forked Lake by Deerland Camp.
 * Little Tupper Lake – A large lake in the northern part of the town.
 * Lows Lake – A lake at the northern town line, west of Sabbitis.
 * Long Lake – A large lake with a northeast to southwest orientation in the northeastern part of the town, with the hamlet of Long Lake near its southern end.
 * Long Lake Town Beach – The town beach of Long Lake. It is home to the Helms Aero Service, a company which offers seaplane rides with views of the Adirondacks.
 * Long Point – A peninsula on the eastern side of Raquette Lake.
 * Lower Sister Lake – A lake northwest of Raquette Lake.
 * Mays Pond – A pond located west of Chub Lake.
 * Mohegan Lake – A lake located south of Raquette Lake.
 * Nehasane Lake – A lake by the western town line on the Beaver River.
 * Negro Lake – A lake southwest of Partlow Mountain.
 * Outlet Bay – The northwestern part of Raquette Lake.
 * Pelcher Pond – A lake located west of the hamlet of Raquette Lake.
 * Queer Lake – A lake located east of the hamlet of Raquette Lake.
 * Raquette Lake – A large lake in the western part of the town. It is the fourth largest lake in the Adirondack region.
 * Round Lake – A lake in the northern part of Long Lake, north of Whitney Headquarters.
 * Russian Lake – A lake located west of the hamlet of Raquette Lake.
 * Sagamore Lake – A lake located south of Raquette Lake.
 * Shallow Lake – A lake located west of the hamlet of Raquette Lake.
 * South Pond – A lake located south of Deerland.
 * Upper Sister Lake – A lake located northwest of Raquette Lake.

title: Long Lake, New York


text:
Morehouse, New York

Morehouse is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 92 at the 2020 census. The name is that of an early developer, Andrew K. Morehouse.

The town is in the Adirondack Park. It is in the southwestern corner of the county and is northeast of Utica.

History
Morehouse was formed from part of the town of Lake Pleasant in 1835. Morehouse ("Morehouseville") was created by land developer and entrepreneur Andrew King Morehouse (1805-1884); the post office there opened on April 9, 1834. (Morehouse owned 60000 acre of wilderness in Hamilton, Herkimer and Saratoga counties, but ultimately ended up dying in a poorhouse.) Part of the town was later taken and added to the town of Long Lake. An additional part of Morehouse was taken for Long Lake in 1861. In 1901, the town of Inlet was formed from the northern end of Morehouse.

One of the most newsworthy events to occur in town was the crash landing of an American Airways Curtis Condor in December 1934 and daring rescue of the crew by locals on snowshoes in the southern end of town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 194.7 sqmi, of which 191.1 sqmi is land and 3.6 sqmi  (1.86%) is water.

The western and southern town lines of Morehouse are the border of Herkimer County.

The West Canada Creek flows out the western town line, and other tributaries of that stream flow through the town. The Moose River marks the northern town line.

New York State Route 8, an east–west highway in the southern part of the town, is the only significant road in Morehouse, passing through the hamlets of Morehouseville and Hoffmeister.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 92 people and 21 households residing in the town. The population density was 0.48 people per square mile (0.19/km2). There were 280 housing units at an average density of 1.5 per square mile (0.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.65% White, 0.00% Native American, 4.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.00% of the population. The median age was 59.5 years.

The median income for a household in the town was $58,125.

Communities

 * Hoffmeister – A hamlet on NY-8 east of Morehouse, named after an early settler. This community is little more than a thin scattering of houses.
 * Morehouseville – A hamlet, also called "Morehouse" and previously known as "Bethunville," is on NY-8, east of the county line. This is the principal community in the town.
 * Mountain Home – A location north of Hoffmeister, on Mountain Home Road.

Geographical features

 * Beaver Lake – A lake by the northern town line.
 * Bochen Lake – A lake located south of Morehouseville.
 * The Floe – An artificial lake between Mountain Home and Hoffmeister, on the South Branch of West Canada Creek.
 * Fort Noble Mountain – An elevation at the western town line, northwest of Morehouseville (Altitude: 2310 ft).
 * Indian Lake – A Lake in the northern part of Morehouse, south of Squaw Lake.
 * Jerseyfield Lake – A lake at the southern town line.
 * Metcalf Lake – A lake located northeast of Hoffmeister.
 * Moose River – A river marking the northern town line.
 * Morehouse Lake – A small lake south of Morehouse Mountain.
 * Morehouse Mountain – A mountain near the eastern town line, south of NY-8.
 * Pine Lake – A lake by the eastern town line, northeast of Hoffmeister.
 * Squaw Lake – A lake in the northern part of the town, south of Beaver Lake.
 * South Branch West Canada Creek – A small river flowing west, to the north of NY-8.
 * West Creek Lake – A lake located east of Jerseyfield Lake.
 * Wilmurt Lake – A lake north of NY-8.

title: Morehouse, New York


text:
Speculator, New York

Speculator is a village in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 406 at the 2020 census. The 904 m Speculator Mountain rises just south of the village.

Speculator is the only incorporated village within Hamilton County and is within the town of Lake Pleasant. The village includes the northeastern end of a lake, also called Lake Pleasant. The local inhabitants sometimes refer to the village as the "Four Corners", referring to the intersection of NYS Route 8 and NYS Route 30 in the middle of the business district.

Speculator is within the Adirondack Park.

Native Americans
Archeological evidence of Native Americans has been found in arrowheads and spearheads near the shores of Lake Pleasant. Many historians believe Speculator was the hunting and fishing grounds of both Mohawk and Algonquin tribes. These Native Americans would only travel to the Adirondack Mountains to hunt during the warm months, while their villages were located in the Mohawk and Hudson Valley regions. There was a Mohawk, who named himself Captain Gill, who lived in a wigwam at the outlet of Lake Pleasant, during the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century. He had a wife named Molly, who had a daughter named Molly Jr., although Capt. Gill didn't claim the daughter as his own. Old Capt. Gill was a trail guide for the first settlers. He would show them places to hunt and fish. Capt. Gill was most famous for his storytelling of the Iroquois Nation, such as the Flying Head.

Newton's Corners
The small settlement at the outlet of Lake Pleasant was part of the town of Lake Pleasant. In 1864, Joel Newton built a small store and hotel in the center of town and secured a post office with the name "Newton's Corners". At that time, Page Hill and Page Street were included in Newton's Corners. Joel Newton's structure burned in 1870, and in 1872 the Newton's Corners post office was reopened in Satterlee's store. Henry Dunning built a hotel in 1882, on the former site of Newton's hotel and the post office had moved there, and in 1896, the community received a new name, "Speculator", after the mountain seen across the lake.

Becoming Speculator
In 1892, a few ambitious and industrious business leaders felt they needed to update and modernize their facilities. Speculator was a "booming Mecca" for tourists. With the support of the voters in 1925, the village of Speculator was incorporated with a mayor and two trustees, which later changed to four trustees. The village of Speculator purchased a small water system of Dexter Slack and expanded it. The village had a generating plant and waterwheel installed at Christine Falls, and by 1926 they had electricity.

Age of tourism
Growth escalated in the Victorian era between the mid-1800s and the early 1900s. Entire families spent their summers enjoying the mountain hospitality and fresh air. Several more hotels were built to accommodate them, and eventually more stores, homes and several cottages were built. Around the 1850s, city sportsmen began to come to the Adirondack Mountains to hunt, fish, and enjoy expeditions into the deep woods. They hired local men to be guides, who provided food and crude lean-tos for shelter. Hunting shanties were later widely used. With these sportsmen came their whole families to use the many hotels and boardinghouses in Lake Pleasant and Speculator. Private summer camps and cottages were built and along came the established family and children camps. Camps such as Camp-of-the-Woods, Camp Setag for girls, Kamp Kun-ju-muk for boys, the YMCA Camp Agaming, and Deerfoot Lodge for boys were established around the shores of local lakes. After World War I, famous athletes came to practice in the isolated communities, such as Gene Tunney, Max Schmeling, and Max Baer, who arrived to train for their heavyweight championship fights at various times.

Age of lumbering
In the beginning, small sawmills provided lumber for local use. After the Civil War, large lumber companies formed and mills were built near the Glens Falls area. At first logging was prevalent along the upper Hudson River which was used to float the logs to the mills. Later, logging operations moved into Lake Pleasant, and the Sacandaga River, the outlet of Lake Pleasant, was used to float logs to Glens Falls as the state of New York designated rivers as public highways for moving logs to the larger companies. Many local farmers found winter employment as lumberjacks, and also supplied the companies with potatoes, meat, animal feed and dairy products. The lumber companies bought large parcels of land for their timber. Some of this land was later abandoned and became state land. This was the beginning of the Adirondack Park as designated in 1892.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 47.2 sqmi, of which 44.7 sqmi are land and 2.6 sqmi, or 5.46%, are water.

Unusually, the village has an exclave in the northern portion of its containing township (Lake Pleasant). The exclave is completely inaccessible by road and it is not clear why it exists. The closest roadway to the exclave is NY 28.

Speculator Mountain, with an altitude of 904 m, is south of the village.

Lake Pleasant and Sacandaga Lake are west of the village. The Sacandaga River assumes its riverine nature from the outflow of Lake Pleasant at Speculator, although much of the water flows from Sacandaga Lake through the Sacandaga Lake Outlet into Lake Pleasant underneath NY-8 southwest of the village.

NY 8 and NY 30 intersect and combine in the village.

The entire village is located within the Lake Pleasant Central School District.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 348 people, 163 households, and 94 families residing in the village. The population density was 7.8 people per square mile (3.0/km2). There were 484 housing units at an average density of 10.8 per square mile (4.2/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 96.26% White, 1.72% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 1.15% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.72% of the population.

There were 163 households, out of which 17.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.3% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.61.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 14.7% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 26.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,393, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $20,417 for females. The per capita income for the village was $25,089. About 4.3% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
Speculator calls itself the "All Season Vacationland". A public beach is located in the village on the north lake shore. Free parking is available across the street from the beach. There is a baseball field, basketball court and large pavilion next to the parking lot. There is also a nature walk behind the pavilion.

Speculator Mountain, for which the village was named, lies just south of the village on Gilmantown Road, and is visible from most of the village. Oak Mountain is the location of the Oak Mountain Ski Center, located just north of the four corners.

Landmarks
The Grace Methodist Church Complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

title: Speculator, New York


text:
Wells, New York

Wells is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States. The population was 674 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Joshua Wells, a land agent, who built the first mills in the area. It is in the Adirondack Park and on the eastern border of the county. It is northwest of Schenectady.

History
The area was first settled around 1798. The town was formed in 1805 while still part of Montgomery County, and was set off from parts of the towns of Mayfield and Northampton. The town was subsequently reduced by the formation of other towns in Hamilton County, to include Hope (1818) and Long Lake (1837).

The town of Gilman was reportedly named for settler John Gilman. Elias P. Gilman petitioned the state and had surveys of Gilman made in 1838. Land was taken from Wells in 1841, but much of that region was returned to Wells when Gilman was dissolved in 1860. Wells has been increased subsequent to its initial formation by parts of Mayfield (1812, 1816), Northampton (1816), and Lake Pleasant (1858).

War of 1812
The United States of America declared war on Great Britain on June 18, 1812. The settlers of Wells and Lake Pleasant were afraid of potential attacks from Native Americans who allied with the British Empire to attack American settlements. The Native Americans were seen roaming in the forest hunting, trapping and fishing. Despite no attacks, the Adirondack settlers, who considered themselves on the northern frontier boundary of the St. Lawrence, fled from their homes and scattered themselves to the counties of Saratoga, Rensselaer and Montgomery. All inhabitants except the Peck family left Lake Pleasant, and so did a large majority leave Wells. An application was made by a remaining few settlers to New York governor Daniel D. Tompkins for an order to raise a company of volunteers from Lake Pleasant and Wells to create a militia in order to "allay the fears of the inhabitants," to protect them from a possible massacre and to encourage them to return to their homes. The petition was granted and William B Peck of Lake Pleasant was commissioned captain of the Wells and Lake Pleasant Home Guards of Company C under Montgomery counties militia 122 regiment. Lt. John L Francisco of Wells later took command of the militia, as William Peck retired from his post.

The War of 1812 brought a need for roads to be built so United States forces could invade Canada. A military road was created through the town of Wells to reach the St. Lawrence river so men and provisions could be transported easily into Canadian territory.

Plane crash
A Massachusetts Air National Guard plane crash occurred on September 17, 1986, in Wells. Four planes were involved in the training mission and two of the four crashed into the Adirondack mountains, killing one pilot and injuring the other. The crash is said to have been the inspiration for a two-part episode of The X-Files, set in the nearby village of Northville, New York, but no filming took place in either location.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 178.4 sqmi, of which 177.2 sqmi is land and 1.2 sqmi  (0.66%) is water.

The eastern town line is the border with Warren County.

New York State Route 30 is a north-south highway. New York State Route 8, an east-west highway, runs concurrently with NY-30 in the central part of Wells.

The area was first settled circa 1798.

Recreation
Wells is a small rural community set on Lake Algonquin. The town is a tourist destination for outdoor activities including boating, kayaking, hiking, camping, fishing, and snowmobiling. In the winter it hosts ice racing on the lake. Every year, Old Home Days is hosted during the first full weekend of August.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 674 people living in the town, organized as 322 households and 205 families. The population density was 3.8 people per square mile (1.6/km2). There were 780 housing units at an average density of 4.4 per square mile (1.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.61% White, 0.54% African American, 0.81% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.27% of the population.

There were 322 households, out of which 25.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,107, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $34,821 versus $24,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,174. About 8.5% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Wells

 * Augur Falls – located north of the hamlet of Wells off routes 8 and 30, and four miles west of Griffin on an old wagon track.
 * Big Range – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Blackbridge – A location on West River Road southwest of the Wells hamlet, on the north bank of the West Branch of the Sacandaga River.
 * Buckhorn Mountain – An elevation located northeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Burnham Mountain – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Cattle Mountain – An elevation located east of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Corrigan Hill – An elevation located east of the hamlet of Wells.
 * County Line Mountain – An elevation located northeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Cross Mountain – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Devorse Mountain – An elevation located south-southwest of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Dugway Mountain – An elevation located west of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Finch Mountain – An elevation located southwest of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Forks Mountain – An elevation located northeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Freds Mountain – An elevation located southeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Gilmantown– A hamlet that was formerly part of the defunct town of Gilman, located on a paved section of Gilmantown Road between Speculator and the hamlet of Wells.  The community consists of a few houses on the main road and private drives. Charley Lake is located in Gilmantown, and Gilman Lake is north of the community.
 * Griffin – A hamlet on Route 8 near the eastern town border and the East Branch of the Sacandaga River.
 * Hamilton Mountain – An elevation located west of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Horseshoe Mountain – An elevation located northeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Humphrey Mountain – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Lake Algonquin – A lake located west of Wells.
 * Macomber Mountain – An elevation located northeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Moose Mountain – An elevation located southeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Mossy Mountain – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Mount Morris – An elevation located east-southeast of the hamlet of Wells and south of Cattle Mountain.
 * Mount Orrey – An elevation located west of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Mount Overrocker – An elevation located north-northwest of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Petes Hill – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Pettit Mountain – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Pickleville – A former community, located north of the Wells hamlet.
 * Pine Mountain – An elevation located north of the hamlet of wells.
 * Poplar Hill – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Pumpkin Hollow – A hamlet on Route 30 near the border with the town of Hope, east of the Sacandaga River.
 * Rooney Hill – An elevation located south of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Round Mountain – An elevation located northwest of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Sacandaga River – A river that flows through the town and hamlet of Wells. The East Branch meets the Main Branch north of the Wells hamlet, while the West Branch join south of hamlet at the Sacandaga Campgrounds. The river empties into Great Sacandaga Lake in Fulton County.
 * Salmon Lake Mountain – An elevation located east of the hamlet of Wells and east of Cattle Mountain.
 * South Pond Mountain – An elevation located northeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Spruce Mountain – An elevation located east of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Steve Bigle Mountain – An elevation located east-northeast of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Upper Pine Mountain – An elevation located north of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Wells – The hamlet of Wells, located on Route 30 and Algonquin Lake, which is a widening of the main branch of the Sacandaga River, originally created by a dam that powered a veneer mill c. 1910. In 1913, the first known gas-powered log hauler in the Adirondacks, a Lombard, was used by the veneer company between here and Speculator.
 * West Hill – An elevation located southwest of the hamlet of Wells.
 * Whitehouse – A location in the northwestern corner of the town on West River Road and the north bank of the West Branch Sacandaga River. It is at the western end of West River Road and is regarded as an Adirondack ghost town.
 * Windfall – A location northeast of Wells on Windfall.
 * Willis Lake – A lake located northeast of Willis Lake.

Adjacent towns and areas
The southern border of Wells is formed by the towns of Benson and Hope. The town of Arietta is at the western border, Lake Pleasant is the northwestern border, and Indian Lake is the northern border. The towns of Stony Creek, Thurman, and Johnsburg in Warren County are to the east.

title: Wells, New York


text:
Cold Brook, New York

Cold Brook is a village in Herkimer County, New York. The population was 329 at the time of the 2010 census. It is named after a stream passing through the village. The village is located in the south part of the town of Russia and is northeast of Utica.

History
The water power of Cold Brook encouraged settlers, who arrived after 1800. The 1857 Cold Brook Feed Mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Geography
Cold Brook is located at 43.24083°N, -75.03917°W (43.240968, -75.039221). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.14 sqkm, all land. The village is on sloping terrain with occasionally steep roadways.

The main street of Cold Brook is New York State Route 8, which leads northeast 46 mi to Speculator in the Adirondacks and southwest 1.5 mi to Poland. Utica is 16 mi to the southeast via NY-8.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 336 people, 123 households, and 93 families residing in the village. The population density was 761.2 PD/sqmi. There were 133 housing units at an average density of 301.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.70% White and 0.30% Asian.

There were 123 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.5% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,455, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $18,542 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,674. About 12.0% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Cold Brook, New York


text:
Columbia, New York

Columbia is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 1,569. The town is at the southern border of the county and is southeast of Utica.

History
The area was called "Coonradstown" during the early settlement period. The original settlers, mainly of German extraction, abandoned their holdings during the American Revolution, and the next settlement period took place circa 1791. The first school, opened in 1795, was taught in the German language.

The town was organized in 1812 from part of the town of Warren, which was itself created by a partition of the town of German Flatts.

The population of Columbia in 1865 was 1,732.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 90.9 km2, of which 90.8 km2 are land and 0.08 km2, or 0.06%, are water.

The southern town line is the border of Otsego County.

The Unadilla River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, rises in the center of the town and flows westward. The northern part of the town drains northward towards the Mohawk River.

New York State Route 28 is a major north–south highway through Columbia.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,630 people, 581 households, and 457 families residing in the town. The population density was 46.6 PD/sqmi. There were 631 housing units at an average density of 18.0 per square mile (7.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.53% White, 0.06% African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population.

There were 581 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,758, and the median income for a family was $43,864. Males had a median income of $30,605 versus $22,031 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,591. About 10.9% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Columbia

 * Cedarville – A hamlet at the western town line on County Road 18.
 * Columbia Center – A hamlet near the middle of the town at the junction of County Roads 18 and 101.
 * Dennison Corners – A hamlet on NY-28 at the northern town line.
 * Elizabethtown – A hamlet in the northern part of the town, south of North Columbia at the junction of County Roads 43 and 123.
 * Getman Corners – A hamlet on NY-28, south of Dennison Corners.
 * Jones Hill – An elevation located east of Cedarville.
 * Kingdom – A hamlet at the eastern town line, southeast of Getman Corners.
 * Millers Mills – A location north of Millers Mills Crossing, located west of Unadilla Lake.
 * Millers Mills Crossing – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town.
 * Monkey Mountain – An elevation located southwest of Columbia Center.
 * North Columbia – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Orendorf Corners – A location north of South Columbia on NY-28 at County Road 18.
 * Richfield Hill – An elevation located south of Millers Mills. Partially in the Town of Richfield.
 * Schuyler Corners – A location north of South Columbia, located on NY-28.
 * South Columbia – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on NY-28.
 * Spinnerville – A hamlet east of North Columbia and west of Dennison Corners, located near the northern town line.
 * Spoon Hill – An elevation located north-northwest of Columbia Center.
 * Unadilla Lake – A small lake formed by the widening of the Unadilla River in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Youngs Crossing – A hamlet near the southern town line, west of McCoon Crossing.

title: Columbia, New York


text:
Danube, New York

Danube is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 801 at the 2020 census, down from 1,039 in 2010. Early Palatine German immigrants in the eighteenth century named the town after the Danube River in Europe.

The town is in southeastern Herkimer County, southeast of the city of Little Falls and south of the Mohawk River.

History
The town was first settled by Europeans around 1730 on the territories of Lindsey's (1730) and Van Horne's (1731) patents. The town was within the territory of the Mohawk people.

In coordination with the colonial government the Mohawk had allowed a fortified settlement east of here. They had agreed in 1712 to allow some settlement by Palatine Germans in exchange for Queen Anne helping with their defense against the French and Indian allies. Fort Schuyler was constructed south of the Mohawk River near one of their major settlements at the time.

The town of Danube was formed in 1817 from the town of Minden (in Montgomery County). Part of Danube was taken off in 1828 to form the town of Stark.

The Herkimer Home and Mohawk Upper Castle Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * King Hendrick, Mohawk leader, lived in Canajoharie, what was also known to the English as the Upper Indian Castle. The site of the village is a National Historic Landmark.
 * Nicholas Herkimer, German descendant, had his house here; he became a New York state militia general during the Revolutionary War and died due to wounds incurred in the Battle of Oriskany.
 * John Herkimer, his nephew, judge, soldier and New York congressman
 * William Sickles, Medal of Honor winner, Civil War.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 76.7 km2, of which 76.0 km2 are land and 0.7 km2, or 0.87%, are water.

The eastern town line is the border of Montgomery County. The northern town boundary is marked by the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal.

The New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) passes across the northern part of the town. New York State Route 5S is an east–west highway that parallels the Thruway. New York State Route 169 intersects NY-5S and the Thruway in the northwestern part of Danube.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,098 people, 398 households, and 280 families residing in the town. The population density was 37.4 PD/sqmi. There were 442 housing units at an average density of 15.0 per square mile (5.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.90% White, 0.82% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.91% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.

There were 398 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.1% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,815, and the median income for a family was $32,500. Males had a median income of $28,661 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,572. About 15.5% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.8% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

 * Danube – A location in the northern part of the town on NY-5S.
 * Davys Corners – A location in the northeastern corner of the town.
 * Fink Basin – A hamlet near the Mohawk River by NY-169
 * Herkimer Home State Historic Site – The home of Nicholas Herkimer is near Fink Basin and the Mohawk River.
 * Indian Castle – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town, east of Danube village.
 * Newville-- A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town on County Road 32. The Zoller-Frasier Round Barn was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

title: Danube, New York


text:
Fairfield, New York

Fairfield is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 1,627 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Fairfield, Connecticut.

The town is north of the village of Herkimer and east of Utica. The hamlet of Fairfield is in the central part of the town.

History
A few settlers, actually tenants, made the future town their home before the American Revolution, but the major influx took place after 1785, mainly from New England.

The town was established from part of the town of Norway in 1796.

From 1802 to 1901, the Fairfield Academy offered secondary and higher education at its campus in the hamlet of Fairfield. From 1812 until 1841, the Fairfield Medical College, a division of the academy, trained medical practitioners, including Marcus Whitman.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 107.4 km2, of which 107.0 km2 are land and 0.4 km2, or 0.39%, are water.

The western town line is marked by West Canada Creek. Fairfield is north of the Mohawk River, but does not border it.

New York State Route 29, an east–west highway, crosses Fairfield. New York State Route 169 is a north–south highway in the western part of the town. New York State Route 170 is another north–south highway, but in the eastern part of Fairfield. New York State Route 170A is at the eastern town line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,607 people, 561 households, and 430 families residing in the town. The population density was 39.1 PD/sqmi. There were 611 housing units at an average density of 14.9 per square mile (5.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.44% White, 0.37% African American, 0.19% Native American, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.25% of the population.

There were 561 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.2% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,104, and the median income for a family was $45,069. Males had a median income of $31,992 versus $21,944 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,603. About 9.0% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Fairfield

 * Barto Hill – An elevation located east of Fairfield.
 * Countryman – A location near the western town line, southwest of Fairfield village.
 * Dillenbeck Corners – A location in the southeastern part of the town on County Road 70.
 * Eatonville – A hamlet at the southern town line on NY-169.
 * Fairfield – The hamlet of Fairfield is near the center of the town on NY-29 at the junction of County Roads 103 and 142. The Trinity Episcopal Church-Fairfield was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
 * Goodell Corners – A location in the southeastern part of the town near the town line, located on NY-170 at NY-170A.
 * Middleville – Part of the village of Middleville is within the western town line at the intersection of NY-29 and NY-169.
 * Old City – A hamlet at the northwestern corner of the town on County Road 7.
 * Top Notch – An elevation located south of Goodell Corners. Partially in the Town of Little Falls.
 * Welch Corners – A location in the northwestern corner of the town, south of Old City and located on NY-29. The Old City Road Stone Arch Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Notable people

 * George Kretsinger (1835–1901), Medal of Honor recipient in the American Civil War
 * Richard P. Marvin (1803–1892), former US congressman
 * Alonzo C. Mather (1848–1941), founder and president of Mather Stock Car Company
 * Polly Anne Reed (1818–1881), Shaker artist
 * Richard Sherwood Satterlee (1796-1880), brigadier general in the Union Army (1822 - 1869)
 * Robert W. Waterman (1826-1891), 17th governor of California (1887-1891)
 * Lyman Wight (1796–1858), early leader in Latter Day Saint movement
 * Mary Bannister Willard (1841–1912), editor, temperance worker, and educator

In Popular Culture
In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Barnett College, the fictional college where Indiana Jones teaches archaeology, is revealed to be located in Fairfield, New York.

title: Fairfield, New York


text:
German Flatts, New York

German Flatts is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 12,263	at the 2020 census down from 13,258 at the 2010 census.

The town is in the southern part of Herkimer County, on the south side of the Mohawk River, across from the village of Herkimer. The town includes the villages of Ilion and Mohawk.

Herkimer
This was one of the original areas of the Burnetsfield Patent in the province of New York, where in 1722–1723, Governor William Burnet granted Palatine German immigrants leases to purchase land from the Mohawk, the powerful eastern nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. It was the first land sold to Europeans west of Schenectady. During the 18th-century warfare in the valley, the village was attacked by French and Iroquois forces during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), and many women and children were taken to Canada as captives.

On September 17, 1778, Mohawk chief and Loyalist leader Joseph Brant led a force of 150 Iroquois and 300 Loyalists under the command of Captain William Caldwell in a surprise attack on the area of German Flatts. German Flatts, now known as Little Falls, Fort Herkimer, Mohawk, and Ilion, was left virtually undefended by Patriot troops prior to the raid.

The Iroquois and Loyalist raiders captured hundreds of head of cattle and sheep before setting fire to every house, barn and mill in German Flatts. Despite the complete destruction of the town, including 63 houses, 57 barns, three gristmills and one sawmill, only three men were killed. The day before, four Patriot scouts had run into the Loyalists while on reconnaissance. Though only one, Adam Helmer, survived the encounter, he ran the 35 mi back to the village of German Flatts to warn the residents.

As a result, the vast majority of the town's people were able to seek safety in the area's forts, Herkimer and Dayton, and survived the destruction of their town. Three Demuth children were captured playing outside the fort and taken by the raiders. After the war in an exchange of prisoners, the two eldest, Catherine and George, returned to their family. The youngest, Samuel, had become assimilated to his Onondaga family and chose to remain with them. As an adult, he served as an interpreter for the Iroquois and settlers in the valley. The town was set apart in the now defunct Tryon County, which was broken up into Montgomery and other counties after the Revolutionary War. It was established as a town in 1788 before the formation of Herkimer County. The area that was to become the town had also been called "German Flatts".

Towns
In 1791, when Herkimer County was established, German Flatts was one of the three original towns. Three new towns were created from German Flatts in 1792: Frankfort, Litchfield, and Warren. Another part of German Flatts was used in 1829 to form part of the town of Little Falls, which developed on both sides of the Mohawk River at the falls.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of German Flatts has a total area of 88.6 km2, of which 87.3 km2 are land and 1.3 km2, or 1.46%, are water.

The northern town line is marked by the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal. The village of Ilion is in the northwestern corner of the town, and the village of Mohawk is farther east, along the northern town line.

The New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) crosses the northeast part of the town. New York State Route 5S passes through the northern part of German Flatts and intersects New York State Route 28 in Mohawk village. New York State Route 168 runs southeasterly through the town from Mohawk village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,629 people, 5,483 households, and 3,591 families residing in the town. The population density was 403.9 PD/sqmi. There were 5,832 housing units at an average density of 172.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.87% White, 0.59% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.44% of the population.

There were 5,483 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,772, and the median income for a family was $39,380. Males had a median income of $29,973 versus $21,425 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,870. About 11.1% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.8% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations

 * Bell Hill – An elevation located south of Ilion.
 * Days Rock – A hamlet near the center of the town on NY-168.
 * Edicks – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on County Road 68.
 * Fort Herkimer – A hamlet near the northern town line and the Mohawk River.
 * Ilion – The Village of Ilion is at the northwestern border of German Flatts, near the Mohawk River on NY-5S.
 * Kinne Corners – A location on the western town line.
 * Mohawk – The Village of Mohawk is at the northern border of the town on NY-5S.
 * North Ilion – A community located north of Ilion village, next to the Mohawk River.
 * Rock Hill – An elevation in the southeastern part of German Flatts.
 * Russell Park – A location southwest of Mohawk village.
 * Shoemaker Hill – A mountain range extending from east of Mohawk to Wrights Corners in the Town of Little Falls.
 * South Ilion – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on NY-51.
 * Vickerman Hill – An elevation located south of Mohawk.

Notable people

 * Adam Helmer (c.1754 – 1830), American Revolutionary War hero
 * Elias Root (1806 – 1880), American businessman and politician
 * Francis E. Spinner (1802 – 1890), Treasurer of the United States from 1861 to 1875
 * Inez Harrington Whitfield (1867 – 1951), botanical watercolor artist

In popular culture

 * Walter D. Edmonds' novel Drums Along the Mohawk (1936) recounts the story of Adam Helmer's run to save the village during the Revolutionary War, together with an overview of the Germans' historic colonial settlement along the river.
 * It was adapted as a film by the same name, released in 1939 and directed by John Ford.

title: German Flatts, New York


text:
Ilion, New York

Ilion is a village in Herkimer County, New York, United States. Located in the Mohawk Valley region, the population was 7,646 at the 2020 census.

The village is at the northern edge of the town of German Flatts, though a tiny portion is in the town of Frankfort. It is south of the Mohawk River and Erie Canal.

History
Ilion is a name for the ancient city of Troy. The area where Ilion is located was first settled by Palatine Germans under the Burnetsfield Patent around 1725. Settlers first took plots along Steele Creek, which flows into the Mohawk River. Gradually they built many mills along the creek. After the American Revolution, a small community was set up in the area named "New London". This area of the village still has buildings which use the name "London".

The community began to flourish starting around 1816 when Eliphalet Remington created his first rifle. He developed the Remington Arms manufacturing company. The community was stimulated in growth by the completion in 1825 of the Erie Canal, which completed area trade and connection with products from the Great Lakes region.

In 1843 a post office was desired, so the people had to choose a name. Remington refused to be the namesake of the village, and it was eventually named Ilion.

The village of Ilion was incorporated in 1852. Ilion is one of only twelve villages in New York still incorporated under a charter, the others having incorporated or re-incorporated under the provisions of Village Law.

In December 2023 RemArms LLC announced that the Remington Arms factory located in the village will be permanently closed in March 2024, eliminating 300 jobs.

The First United Methodist Church, Thomas Richardson House, Remington Stables, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,610 people, 3,425 households, and 2,212 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,476.6 PD/sqmi. There were 3,623 housing units at an average density of 1,462.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.35% White, 0.66% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of the population.

There were 3,425 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $31,793, and the median income for a family was $38,203. Males had a median income of $30,069 versus $21,754 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,264. About 14.1% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.3% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
Ilion is located in the northwest corner of the town of German Flatts. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 6.6 sqkm, of which 6.5 sqkm are land and 0.15 sqkm, or 2.31%, are water. The village is on the south bank of the Mohawk River and is bordered to the east by the village of Mohawk.

Education
Until its merger in 2013 with the Mohawk Central School District, Ilion Central School District was composed of three buildings: Remington Elementary, Barringer Road Elementary, and Ilion Jr/Sr High School. The athletic team's nickname was the Golden Bombers, the mascot was the Bomber Bear, and the school colors were gold and brown. Barringer Road Elementary, which remained open, nicknames its students the Bobcats. Remington Elementary, which was rented (and later sold) to Herkimer County BOCES and now houses its Pathways Academy, which provides education for students who struggle in a traditional school environment.

In the 2010–2011 year, the district had a $25 million budget and about 1,600 students; the 2011 budget proposed a cut of $1.1 million. Prior to their merger with Mohawk, Ilion Central School District was among the poorest in the state of New York. More than a third of its students were eligible for free or low-priced lunches, a standard measure of poverty. Ilion was promised additional state education aid after the CFE court ruling in 2006, but due to the state budget crisis, this did not come to fruition. Although the buildings remained in good repair, the district was not able to afford any foreign language education (other than Spanish), and offered only four of 34 possible AP courses.

A plan to merge the Mohawk and Ilion school districts had been proposed in 2009. In 2012, voters rejected a three-way merger including Herkimer Central School District, and a four-way merger that included Frankfort-Schuyler School District. In early 2013, voters approved the merger of the Mohawk and Ilion school districts. The new Central Valley Academy School District began classes starting with the 2013–2014 academic year, with Ilion's high school serving as the new district's high school.

Transportation
New York State Route 5S, an east–west highway, passes through the northern side of the village. New York State Route 51 (Central Avenue/Otsego Street), a north–south highway, passes through the village center and has its northern terminus north of the village at New York State Route 5.

Notable people

 * Brian Angelichio, tight ends coach for the Minnesota Vikings
 * Phoebe Brand, actress
 * Boots Day, Major League Baseball player
 * Christine McConnell, baker, artist, and YouTube celebrity.
 * Andrew D. Morgan, lawyer and former chairman of the New York State Hospital Commission
 * Eliphalet Remington, founder of Remington Arms
 * May Gorslin Preston Slosson, educator and suffragette
 * Peter H. Turner, Wisconsin politician

title: Ilion, New York


text:
Litchfield, New York

Litchfield is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 1,513 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Litchfield, Connecticut, the source of some early settlers of the city.

The town of Litchfield is in the southwestern part of the county and is southeast of Utica.

History
Settlement began around 1786 at Wheelocks Hill.

The town of Litchfield was established from part of the town of German Flatts in 1796. Part of the town was used to form the town of Winfield in 1816.

12-year-old Sara Anne Wood disappeared from Litchfield in 1993. "Litchfield Penitentiary", a fictional women's prison in Litchfield, is the setting for the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 77.8 km2, of which 77.7 km2 are land and 0.2 km2, or 0.20%, are water.

The western town line is the border of Oneida County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,453 people, 515 households, and 399 families residing in the town. The population density was 49.1 PD/sqmi. There were 670 housing units at an average density of 22.6 per square mile (8.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.62% White, 0.07% African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.

There were 515 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.0% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,404, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $30,163 versus $23,587 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,431. About 5.3% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Adelbert Cronkhite, U.S. Army major general
 * George Gage, member of the Illinois Senate
 * Newton Littlejohn, member of the Wisconsin Senate
 * Philo Remington, president of E. Remington and Sons
 * John Curtiss Underwood, U.S. District Court judge in Virginia

Communities and locations in Litchfield

 * Bennett Hill – An elevation located west of Parker Corners.
 * Cedar Lake – A hamlet in the western part of the town on County Road 170, north of a small lake of the same name.
 * Cedarville – A hamlet at the southeastern corner of the town on County Roads 18, 49, and 79.
 * Cranes Corners – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town on County Road 79.
 * Days Corners – A hamlet north of Cedar Lake on County Road 107.
 * Dry Hill – An elevation by the western town line.
 * Goodiers Corners – A location northwest of Cedar Lake.
 * Gulph – A hamlet at the northern town line on County Road 171.
 * Ilion Gorge – A valley in the eastern part of Litchfield, containing Steele Creek.
 * Jerusalem Hill – A location southwest of Cranes Corners at County Roads 169 and 255.
 * Kinne Corners – A location at the northern town line at County Roads 27, 79, and 167.
 * Norwich Corners – A hamlet in the northwestern corner of the town on County Road 59.
 * Parker Corners – A location near the northern town line on County Road 166.
 * Steele Creek – A stream near the eastern town line.
 * Wheelock Hill (formerly Snows Bush) – An elevation north of Jerusalem Hill.

title: Litchfield, New York


text:
Manheim, New York

Manheim is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 3,334 at the 2010 census. The town name is derived from Mannheim in Baden, Germany.

The town is in the southeastern part of the Herkimer County and is bordered to the southwest by the city of Little Falls. The village of Dolgeville is in the northeastern corner of the town. Manheim is east of Utica.

The Mohawk River forms the southern border of the town.

History
The town was first settled around 1756 by natives of German states.

In 1780, during the American Revolution, Loyalists and native allies attacked settlements in the town.

Manheim was formed from the town of Palatine (Montgomery County) in 1797.

In 1865, the population of Manheim was 1,831.

The Snells Bush Church and Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Manheim has a total area of 76.9 km2, of which 75.5 km2 are land and 1.4 km2, or 1.88%, are water.

The eastern town line is the border of Fulton County, marked by East Canada Creek. The southern town line is marked by the Mohawk River.

New York State Route 5 is an east–west highway in the southern part of the town. New York State Route 167 and New York State Route 170A are north–south highways. NY-170A is in the northwest part of Manheim, and NY-167 connects Little Falls to Dolgeville.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,171 people, 1,297 households, and 885 families residing in the town. The population density was 109.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,480 housing units at an average density of 51.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.86% White, 0.35% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.

There were 1,297 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,750, and the median income for a family was $39,032. Males had a median income of $28,424 versus $18,264 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,429. About 9.0% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Manheim

 * East Canada Lake – A small lake at the eastern town line.
 * Dolgeville – The village of Dolgeville is in the northeastern corner of the town on NY-167.
 * East Creek – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on NY-5 at County Road 42, by the Mohawk River.
 * Five Mile Dam – A location by the Mohawk River.
 * Garlock Corners – A location northwest of Manheim Center, on County Road 55.
 * Ingham Mills – A hamlet at the eastern town line, south of Dolgeville. Partially in Town of Oppenheim in Fulton County. The community was founded in 1802 with the construction of grist and saw mills.
 * Ingham Mills Station – A hamlet southeast of Manheim Center on County Road 42.
 * Kyser Lake – A small lake north of Ingham Mills.
 * Manheim Center – A hamlet in the south-central part of the town on NY-167.
 * Ransom Creek – A stream entering the northern end of Kyser Lake.

title: Manheim, New York


text:
Middleville, New York

Middleville is a village in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 512 at the 2010 census.

Middleville sits on both sides of West Canada Creek, the boundary of the towns of Newport and Fairfield. The village is about 8.5 mi north of the village of Herkimer and is approximately 17 mi east of Utica.

History
The community was first settled around 1806. People settled on the land purchased by Sheffield Kenyon and built houses and industries. The village was incorporated in 1890, ten years after the railroad arrived.

The Lalino Stone Arch Bridge and Route 29 Stone Arch Bridge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Middleville is located in central Herkimer County at 43.13833°N, -74.96944°W (43.138436, −74.969408). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.1 km2, of which 2.0 km2 are land and 0.1 sqkm, or 6.11%, are water.

West Canada Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk River, flows through the middle of the village. Maltanner Creek enters West Canada Creek from the east in the village.

New York State Route 28 (North Main Street/Bridge Street), New York State Route 29 (Fairfield Street), and New York State Route 169 (South Main Street) intersect in the village. NY 29 has its western terminus and NY 169 has its northern terminus at that intersection. NY 28 leads south to Herkimer village and north 8 mi to Poland. NY 29 leads east 12 mi to Dolgeville, and NY 169 leads southeast 9 mi to Little Falls.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 550 people, 201 households, and 139 families residing in the village. The population density was 739.2 PD/sqmi. There were 224 housing units at an average density of 301.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.09% White, 1.27% African American, and 1.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.55% of the population.

There were 201 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $39,231, and the median income for a family was $42,727. Males had a median income of $34,306 versus $22,727 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,499. About 4.4% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Middleville, New York


text:
Mohawk, Herkimer County, New York

Mohawk is a village in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 2,731 at the 2010 census. The village was named after the adjacent Mohawk River.

The village is at the northern border of the town of German Flatts and adjacent to the Erie Canal. Mohawk is southeast of Utica.

History
The area was settled by Palatine Germans after 1722. In 1725, the King of Great Britain and Governor Burnet granted Mohawk to the Palatine Germans in what was known as the Burnetsfield Patent.

George Washington was known to stop in Mohawk to have lunch at the Shoemaker Tavern on his way to and from Fort Stanwix in Rome.

Mohawk became known as "Bennetts Corners" after a hotel stand that was located here in 1826. In 1838, the village became known as "Mohawk".

The village was incorporated on April 16, 1844. The first president of the village, Frederick Bellinger, came into office on May 4 of that year.

The first mayor of Mohawk was James V. Casey, who was elected in 1960. The current mayor is Jim Baron.

Mohawk is one of only twelve villages in New York still incorporated under a municipal charter, the other villages having incorporated or re-incorporated under the provisions of Village Law.

The Herkimer County shootings took place partially in Mohawk on March 13, 2013.

Geography
Mohawk is located in the northern part of the town of German Flatts at 43.01028°N, -75.005°W (43.010194, -75.005022), on the south side of the Mohawk River. It is bordered to the west by the village of Ilion and to the northeast, across the river, by the village of Herkimer.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Mohawk has a total area of 2.3 sqkm, of which 0.07 sqkm, or 2.94%, are water.

New York State Route 5S, an east-west highway, runs through the northern part of the village, leading east (downriver) 23 mi to Fort Plain and west (upriver) 14 mi to Utica. New York State Route 28 (Warren Street/Columbia Street) is a north-south highway through the village center, leading northeast 1.5 mi to Herkimer and south 12 mi to Richfield Springs. New York State Route 168 (Hammond Street) has its western terminus in the village and leads southeast 14 mi to Starkville.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,660 people, 1,146 households, and 708 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,009.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,233 housing units at an average density of 1,395.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.42% White, 0.49% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.88% of the population.

There were 1,146 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,439, and the median income for a family was $39,185. Males had a median income of $29,915 versus $20,918 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,469. About 5.5% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Mohawk students get their education from the Central Valley Central School District, a merger between the Ilion and Mohawk Central School Districts that took effect early in 2013. The sports teams of Central Valley call themselves the Thunder, and their school colors are light blue, navy, yellow and white. Prior to this, Mohawk had called their teams the "Mohicans", and their school colors were orange, black, and white. The last graduating class of Mohawk Central School District was in 2013 and consisted of 54 students. The Mohawk Nation occupied the Mohawk Valley.

Under the merger, both schools in the former Mohawk district were retained: Harry M. Fisher Elementary School, which now serves the combined district's Pre-K, kindergarten and first grade students, and Gregory B. Jarvis High School, which is now Central Valley's middle school.

Media
One radio station is licensed to Mohawk: WHMV-LP (97.5 FM), which also serves the neighboring villages of Ilion and Herkimer. Mohawk is also served by television stations in the nearby Utica media market, and by the Observer-Dispatch, a newspaper based in Utica and the Times Telegram, a newspaper based in Herkimer.

Notable people

 * Gregory Jarvis, engineer who died during the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L, where he was serving as Payload Specialist. The local middle school, Gregory B. Jarvis Middle School, is named after him.
 * Carl Edgar Myers, balloon inventor and aeronautical engineer scientist
 * Mary Myers, the first female to solo fly a lighter-than-air passenger balloon
 * Leigh and Leslie Keno, antique appraisers, longtime contributors to Antiques Roadshow.
 * Francis E. Spinner, Treasurer of the United States during and after the Civil War; celebrated for his distinctive signature and for being the first federal official to employ women.
 * Robert E. Fistick, Noted national journalist and newspaper publisher with the Gannett, Hearst, and Whitney publishing organizations, and later a deputy director at The Library of Congress.

title: Mohawk, Herkimer County, New York