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Whitefish, Montana

Whitefish (Salish: epɫx̣ʷy̓u, "has whitefish" ) is a city in Flathead County, Montana, United States. According to the 2020 United States Census, there were 7,751 people in the city.

History
Archaeological records indicate that native American tribes shared hunting grounds in the area, most notably the Kootenai, the Pend d'Oreilles, and the Bitterroot Salish. The Kootenai lived in the area for more than 14,000 years, inhabiting the mountainous terrain west of the Continental Divide, and traveled east of the divide for occasional buffalo hunts. Though trappers, traders, and waves of westward immigrants passed through the area during the second half of the century, it wasn't until 1883 that the first permanent settler, John Morton built a cabin on the shore of Whitefish Lake, just west of the mouth of the Whitefish River. Morton was joined by the local logging industry forefathers—including the Baker and Hutchinson brothers—in the early 1890s. Logging crews "boomed-up" their logs behind a dam built at the river mouth by the Boston & Montana Commercial Company, which, when opened, created a rush of water that helped float the logs down the river to Kalispell.

The Great Northern Railway originally built its line south of Whitefish. When GN rerouted in 1904 to avoid the steep Haskell Pass, preferring a longer but more shallow route via Eureka, the development of what is now Whitefish was sparked. The town incorporated in 1905.

The area was originally known as Stumptown due to the abundant amount of timber that had to be cleared to build the town and railroad and because tree stumps were left in the streets throughout downtown. Early residents of the town worked for the railroad and nearby logging industries. In 2006, over 68,000 passengers embarked and disembarked through the historic Whitefish Depot, a stop on Amtrak's Empire Builder line, with some percentage of those headed to the ski resort on Big Mountain.

Skiing has been part of the Whitefish area for more than 50 years. In 1937, the Whitefish Lake Ski Club obtained a special permit from the U.S. Forest Service enabling them to build cabins and trails in the Hell Roaring Creek region. Great Falls businessmen Ed Schenck and George Prentice recognized the area's potential and, after World War II, began efforts to develop a full-fledged ski resort on the mountain with local people donating labor, preparing the slopes, even giving up free time to help push through an all-weather mountain road. On December 14, 1947, Schenck, Prentice, and a thousand townsfolk stood on the newly christened ski resort's slopes to watch the brand new T-Bar lift bring their community vision to life. The Whitefish Mountain Resort, built with community effort, attracted visitors. In 2019, a scandivian styled sky chalet, The Nooq was opened near the resort for the tourists.

The town started a curfew siren in 1919 that they called the "ding-dong ordinance". The historic siren was restored to the new city hall.

Geography
The town is located on the western side of the continental divide, near Glacier National Park. Whitefish Lake is a 5.2 sqmi natural lake with maximum length 5.8 mi and width 1.4 mi and is 233 ft at its deepest. The Whitefish River bisects the town of Whitefish as it courses south by southeast to briefly join the Stillwater River before its flows enter the Flathead River.

The historic district of Whitefish is a neighborhood called "The Avenues". This neighborhood is bordered by East 2nd Street to the north, Kalispell Avenue to the west, East 7th Street to the south, and Pine Avenue to the east. It is next to downtown, with many of its houses on the historic registry.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Whitefish has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. Large seasonal temperature differences typify this climatic region, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,032 people, 2,229 households, and 1,203 families living in the city. The population density was 1,138.5 PD/sqmi. There were 2,652 housing units at an average density of 600.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.97% White, 0.14% African American, 1.11% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.72% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.93% of the population.

There were 2,229 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no male present, and 46.0% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20, and the average family size was 2.86.

The population was spread out in the city, with 21.6% under 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% 65. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,038, and the median income for a family was $41,009. Males had a median income of $36,298 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,098. About 13.8% of families and 18.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.9% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,357 people, 2,982 households, and 1,562 families living in the city. The population density was 988.6 PD/sqmi. There were 4,086 housing units at an average density of 635.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.8% White, 0.5% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 2,982 households, of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.6% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10, and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the city was 40.1 years. 19.6% of residents were under 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.2% were from 25 to 44; 28.9% were from 45 to 64, and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2019 American Community Survey Estimate
As of 2019, according to the Census' American Community Survey estimates, of 2019, there were 7,714 people, 3,332 households in the city. The median age was 41 years old. The median yearly salary was 52,037 dollars, the home average value was 364,500 dollars, 54.7% had a college degree, and 9.5% were veterans who served in wartime higher than the national average. The population was 97% White, 2% Hispanic, and 1% Native American.

Arts and culture
Whitefish is known for its environmentalism, with an extensive system of protected trails and forests designed to purify the town's water. It has been ranked one of the top places for skiing in the United States. The town has been labeled as a "model of resistance" against hate and racism.

Annual cultural events
Huckleberry Days Arts Festival is an annual arts festival featuring 100 artists and food vendors. The event includes a huckleberry dessert bake-off contest.

The Taste of Whitefish is an annual event that has been held for more than twenty-five years. The event features over twenty-five restaurants, caterers and beverage companies offering samples of their specialties.

The Whitefish Winter Carnival is an annual winter festival celebrating winter topics with a parade, "penguin plunge" into Whitefish Lake, and snow sculptures. It is held the first weekend in February each year.

Under the Big Sky Music Festival takes place annually in Whitefish. The festival explores the breadth and legacy of America, with both traditional and contemporary takes on America's rich musical traditions, across two stages in naturally formed amphitheaters on a local ranch.

The Whitefish Arts Festival (WAF) occurs over the 4th of July weekend and is a tradition going back over forty years. It is a favorite throughout the Northwest and maintains a long tradition of high-quality arts and fine crafts. Artists from across the country are represented in the WAF. Metal sculptures, paintings and photography, woodworking, pottery, jewelry, clothing, and home decorations are just some of the featured fine arts. All of the art is handmade.

The annual Whitefish Trail Hootenanny occurs in downtown Whitefish to celebrate and support the public land and trails that ring the town. It includes live music and local culinary specialties to raise funds to protect public land.

Every year Whitefish hosts a songwriter retreat called Nashville Heads West. This retreat brings Nashville-based songwriters to Whitefish to River Meadow Ranch for one week of writing songs with the added inspiration "of being under Montana's big sky."

Sports
The Whitefish Trail Legacy Run is an annual ultra trail race to celebrate the unique public trail system. It includes a 50 km ultra-marathon and a 1/2 marathon, a 10-kilometer, and a 5 km race. It takes place in the first week of October in conjunction with the Oktoberfest celebration.

The World Indoor Golf Championship has been held in Whitefish for over sixteen years and is a 9-hole "miniature golf" tournament in downtown Whitefish.

The Glacier Challenge is a six-leg, multi-sport relay covering 50 mi of Montana. The race features six legs of running, biking, canoeing, and kayaking covering almost 50 mi in and around Whitefish. A triathlon has recently been added to include the first three legs of the Glacier Challenge. Participants enter as a solo team, partner duo, or group team. The 50 mi race consists of an 8 mi run, kayak, road bike, mountain bike, canoe, and 3.1 mi run. There are also food vendors, activities for children, and music.

Government and politics
Whitefish's government system consists of a city council with six council members and a mayor and city manager. As of March 2020, the mayor was John Muhlfeld and the current city manager is Dana Smith.

Education
The Whitefish School District serves Whitefish. Schools in the district include Muldown Elementary School, Whitefish Middle School. Whitefish High School and Whitefish Independent High School. Whitefish School District offers students K-12 a wide range of academic supplements, for example, online Virtual High School and dual credit opportunity through Flathead Valley Community College. Whitefish High School is known as the Bulldogs.

Whitefish High School is home to numerous state championship teams; the most recent is the girls' cross country team. They have won four consecutive titles. Other state athletic accomplishments have been made in football, girls' and boys' golf, volleyball, boys' and girls' basketball, boys' and girls' track and field, girls' softball, boys' and girls' tennis, speech, and debate.

Whitefish Community Library is a public library in the town.

Media
Whitefish is part of the Missoula media market, which covers a seven-county area of northwestern Montana. The city's main newspaper is The Whitefish Pilot, while the Flathead Beacon, a regional newspaper for the Flathead Valley based in Kalispell, publishes Whitefish Area News. Three radio stations are licensed to Whitefish, all owned by Bee Broadcasting, Inc.: KJJR 880 AM, KSAM 1240 AM, and KWOL-FM 105.1.

Medical
The Kalispell Regional Medical Center is the county's largest hospital and serves the area.

North Valley Hospital is a private nonprofit general medicine and surgical Critical Access Hospital located in Whitefish and is affiliated with Kalispell Regional Medical Center.

Transportation
U.S. Route 93 and MT 40 run through Whitefish. Commercial airline service is available at Glacier Park International Airport along U.S. Route 2.

The Whitefish Amtrak station is served by Amtrak's Chicago–Portland/Seattle Empire Builder, as well as intercity buses to Kalispell and Missoula. The station is Amtrak's busiest in Montana. The Whitefish Amtrak station is owned by Stumptown Historical Society and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Museums and other points of interest

 * Great Northern Brewing Company
 * Alpine Theatre Project
 * Whitefish Theatre Company

Notable people

 * David Booth, professional hockey player, now lives in Whitefish, originally from Washington, MI
 * Bob Brown, Montana Secretary of State
 * Murray Craven, former NHL player
 * Adrianne Curry-Rhode, former model, actress, first season winner of America's Next Top Model in 2003
 * Edward J. DeBartolo Jr., former owner of the San Francisco 49ers
 * Pat Donovan, former Dallas Cowboys offensive lineman, now lives in Whitefish, originally from Helena
 * Kaitlyn Farrington, professional snowboarder, 2014 gold-medal Women's Half Pipe
 * David Graham, retired professional golfer
 * Steve Howe, former MLB pitcher
 * Kyle Aaron Huff, mass murderer
 * Dorothy M. Johnson, Western author
 * Gary Knopp, member of the Alaska House of Representatives
 * Ross M. Lence, political scientist and author
 * Braxton Mitchell, politician
 * Frank B. Morrison, Jr., Montana Supreme Court justice
 * John Morrison, Montana state auditor
 * Terry Moulton, Wisconsin politician
 * Jake Sanderson, professional hockey player
 * Brian Schweitzer, Governor of Montana
 * Richard B. Spencer, white supremacist
 * Constance Towers, singer and actress
 * Maggie Voisin, freestyle skier
 * Ryan Zinke, former United States Secretary of the Interior

title: Whitefish, Montana


text:
Belgrade, Montana

Belgrade is a city in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The population was 10,460 at the 2020 census. Belgrade is part of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the most populous city in Montana that is not a county seat.

Belgrade and the surrounding areas experienced a significant population growth from 2010 to 2020. The 2010 city population from the US Census was 7,389, over 3,000 fewer than in 2020. The 59714 ZIP Code, which is the city and surrounding commercial and residential developments, had an estimated population of 22,560 as of 2020.

History
The original townsite of Belgrade was established in 1883 when the Northern Pacific Railroad was constructed through the Gallatin Valley. The original town plat was filed in the Gallatin County Clerk and Recorder's Office by Thomas B. Quaw, a businessman from the midwest, in July 1891. According to Quaw, the townsite was an unmanned railroad siding 9.7 miles west of Bozeman, and was named Belgrade after the capital of Serbia, as an expression of appreciation to the Serbian investors who helped finance a portion of the Northern Pacific Railroad. Quaw and William O. Tracy created the Belgrade Grain and Produce Company and marketed Belgrade as the "Princess of the Prairies."

The post office was established in 1887 with Quaw as postmaster. Belgrade was incorporated in 1906.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.99 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 7,389 people, 2,965 households, and 1,877 families living in the city. The population density was 2273.5 PD/sqmi. There were 3,174 housing units at an average density of 976.6 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 94.2% White, 0.4% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.8%.

Of the 2,965 households 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.7% were non-families. 26.8% of households were one person and 5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age was 30.8 years. 27.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 35.9% were from 25 to 44; 21.5% were from 45 to 64; and 5.7% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 5,728 people, 2,132 households, and 1,507 families living in the city. The population density was 3,429.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,239 housing units at an average density of 1,340.6 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 96.49% White, 0.09% African American, 1.06% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.94%.

Of the 2,132 households 41.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 19.8% of households were one person and 5.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.12.

The age distribution was 29.7% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 37.3% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

The median household income was $37,392 and the median family income was $40,378. Males had a median income of $27,154 versus $20,689 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,266. About 8.1% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
As one of the largest high school athletic facilities in the state, the Belgrade Special Events Center hosts numerous district, divisional, and state athletic events. These sporting events bring thousands of people to town who not only attend the games, but shop in area stores, stay in local motels, and eat in local restaurants.

Corporate offices for large companies are in Belgrade. Under Canvas Group provides a glamping experience in 11 locations. Xtant Medical designs, manufactures and distributes medical devices and human tissues for transplant.

CACI International is a major employer. The electronic warfare company purchased Belgrade based Ascent Vision Technology in 2020. They continue to be one of the largest employers in Belgrade.

Given the short distance to Bozeman, many residents commute for employment.

Government
Belgrade is governed via the mayor council system. The city council consists of six members who are elected from one of three wards. Each ward elects two members. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote.

Education
Belgrade School District educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Belgrade High School's team name is the Panthers.

Arts and culture
The Belgrade Special Events Center is a 4,800-seat indoor facility constructed by the Belgrade School District in 1996. The building is used for school and community events. In March 2010 the facility hosted the State B Girls Basketball Tournament.

The Gallatin Speedway is located on the outskirts of Belgrade. The 3/8 mi dirt oval track hosts stock car racing events from May to September.

The Belgrade Fall Festival is an annual tradition that takes place on Homecoming Weekend, typically the third weekend in September. The day's activities include a parade, community open-pit beef barbecue, car show, arts and crafts fair at Lewis and Clark Park, and the Belgrade High School Panthers varsity football game.

Belgrade has a public library, the Belgrade Community Library.

Media
The Belgrade News is a newspaper available either by print or online. It is published twice weekly.

Radio stations licensed in Belgrade are KCMM and KISN. They are also served by the wider Bozeman area.

Infrastructure
Belgrade is located along Interstate 90. Montana Highway 85 enters town from the south.

Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is located adjacent to the city boundaries.

Bozeman Health operates a Belgrade clinic. It provides primary care as well as physical therapy and laboratory services. BestMed Urgent Care delivers urgent care services. They also administer vaccinations and immunizations and have some medications on-site.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Belgrade, Montana


text:
Bozeman, Montana

Bozeman is a city in and the county seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Located in southwest Montana, the 2020 census put Bozeman's population at 53,293 making it the fourth-largest city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Bozeman, Montana, Micropolitan Statistical Area, consisting of all of Gallatin County with a population of 118,960. It is the fastest growing micropolitan statistical area in the United States in 2018, 2019 and 2020, as well as the second-largest of all Montana's statistical areas.

Early history
For many years, indigenous people of the United States, including the Shoshone, Nez Perce, Blackfeet, Flathead, Crow Nation and Sioux traveled through the area, called the "Valley of the Flowers". The Gallatin Valley in particular, in which Bozeman is located, was primarily within the territory of the Crow people.

19th century

William Clark visited the area in July 1806 as he traveled east from Three Forks along the Gallatin River. The party camped 3 mi east of what is now Bozeman, at the mouth of Kelly Canyon. The journal entries from Clark's party briefly describe the future city's location.

John Bozeman
In 1863, John Bozeman, a pioneer and frontiersman from Pickens County, Georgia, along with a partner named John Jacob, opened the Bozeman Trail, a new northern trail off the Oregon Trail leading to the mining town of Virginia City through the Gallatin Valley and the future location of the city of Bozeman.

John Bozeman, with Daniel Rouse and William Beall, platted the town in August 1864, stating "standing right in the gate of the mountains ready to swallow up all tenderfeet that would reach the territory from the east, with their golden fleeces to be taken care of." Red Cloud's War closed the Bozeman Trail in 1868, but the town's fertile land still attracted permanent settlers.

Nelson Story
In 1866, Nelson Story, a successful Virginia City, Montana, gold miner originally from Ohio, entered the cattle business. Story braved the hostile Bozeman Trail to successfully drive some 1,000 head of longhorn cattle into Paradise Valley just east of Bozeman. Eluding the U.S. Army, who tried to turn Story back to protect the drive from hostile Indians, Story's cattle formed one of the earliest significant herds in Montana's cattle industry. Story established a sizable ranch in the Paradise Valley and holdings in the Gallatin Valley. He later donated land to the state for the establishment of Montana State University.

Fort Ellis
Fort Ellis 45.65444°N, -110.94306°W, el. 4987 ft was established in 1867 by Captain R. S. LaMotte and two companies of the 2nd Cavalry, after the murder of John Bozeman near the mouth of Mission Creek on Yellowstone River 45.71444°N, -110.38889°W, and considerable political disturbance in the area led local settlers and miners to feel a need for added protection. The fort, named for Gettysburg casualty Colonel Augustus Van Horne Ellis, was decommissioned in 1886 and few remnants are left at the actual site, now occupied by the Fort Ellis Experimental Station of Montana State University. In addition to Fort Ellis, a short-lived fort, Fort Elizabeth Meagher (also simply known as Fort Meagher), was established in 1867 by volunteer militiamen. This fort was located 8 mi east of town on Rocky Creek. 45.64167°N, -110.91806°W, el. 5249 ft

Other
In 1864, W.W. Alderson described Gallatin County as "one of the most beautiful and picturesque valleys the eye ever beheld, abounding in springs of clear water." Many tended to agree, and Bozeman quickly garnered the nickname of "The Egypt" of Montana.

After incorporation, the first issue of the weekly Avant Courier newspaper, the precursor of today's Bozeman Chronicle, was published in Bozeman on September 13, 1871.

Bozeman's main cemetery, Sunset Hills Cemetery, was given to the city in 1872 when the English lawyer and philanthropist William Henry Blackmore purchased the land after his wife Mary Blackmore died of pneumonia in Bozeman in July 1872.

The first library in Bozeman was formed by the Young Men's Library Association in a room above a drugstore in 1872. It later moved to the mayor's office and was taken over by the city in 1890. The first Grange meeting in Montana Territory was held in Bozeman in 1873. The Northern Pacific Railway reached Bozeman from the east in 1883. By 1900, Bozeman's population had reached 3,500.

In 1892, the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries established a fish hatchery on Bridger Creek at the entrance to Bridger Canyon. The fourth oldest fish hatchery in the United States, the facility ceased to be primarily a hatchery in 1966 and became the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Bozeman National Fish Hatchery, later a fish technology and fish health center. The Center receives approximately 5,000 visitors a year observing biologists working on diet testing, feed manufacturing technology, fish diseases, brood stock development and improvement of water quality.

Bozeman was home to early minor league baseball. In 1892, Bozeman fielded a team in the Class B level Montana State League. In 1909, the Bozeman Irrigators played as members of the Class D level Inter-Mountain League. Both leagues disbanded.

Montana State University was established in 1893 as the state's land-grant college, then named the Agricultural College of the State of Montana. By the 1920s, the institution was known as Montana State College, and in 1965 it became Montana State University.

20th century
Bozeman's first high school, the Gallatin Valley High School, was built on West Main Street in 1902. Later known as Willson School, named for notable Bozeman architect Fred Fielding Willson, son of Lester S. Willson, the building still stands today and functions as administrative offices for the Bozeman School District.

In the early 20th century, over 17000 acre of the Gallatin Valley were planted in edible peas harvested for both canning and seed. By the 1920s, canneries in the Bozeman area were major producers of canned peas, and at one point Bozeman produced approximately 75% of all seed peas in the United States. The area was once known as the "Sweet Pea capital of the nation" referencing the prolific edible pea crop. To promote the area and celebrate its prosperity, local business owners began a "Sweet Pea Carnival" that included a parade and queen contest. The annual event lasted from 1906 to 1916. Promoters used the inedible but fragrant and colorful sweet pea flower as an emblem of the celebration. In 1977 the "Sweet Pea" concept was revived as an arts festival rather than a harvest celebration, growing into a three-day event that is one of the largest festivals in Montana.

The first federal building and Post Office was built in 1915. Many years later, while unused, it became a film location, along with downtown Bozeman, in A River Runs Through It (1992) by Robert Redford, starring Brad Pitt. It is now used by HRDC, a community organization.

The Bridger Bowl Ski Area 45.81722°N, -110.89667°W operates as a 501(c)(4) organization by the Bridger Bowl Association, and is located on the northeast face of the Bridger Mountains, utilizing state and federal land. Bridger Bowl was Bozeman's first ski area and opened to the public in 1955. In 1973 news anchorman Chet Huntley created the Big Sky Ski Resort off Gallatin Canyon 40 mi south of Bozeman. The resort has grown considerably since 1973 into a residential community and major winter tourist destination. 45.28083°N, -111.40667°W

In 1986, the 60 acre site of the Idaho Pole Co. on Rouse Avenue was designated a Superfund site and placed on the National Priorities List. Idaho Pole treated wood products with creosote and pentachlorophenol on the site between 1945 and 1997.

The Museum of the Rockies was created in 1957 as the gift from Butte physician Caroline McGill and is a part of Montana State University and an affiliate institution of the Smithsonian. It is Montana's premier natural and cultural history museum and houses permanent exhibits on dinosaurs, geology and Montana history, as well as a planetarium and a living history farm. Paleontologist Jack Horner was the museum's first curator of paleontology and brought national notice to the museum for his fossil discoveries in the 1980s.

Bozeman receives a steady influx of new residents and visitors in part due to its plentiful recreational activities, such as fly fishing, hiking, whitewater kayaking, and mountain climbing. Additionally, Bozeman is a gateway community through which visitors pass on the way to Yellowstone National Park and its abundant wildlife and thermal features. The showcasing of spectacular scenery and the Western way of life the area received from films set nearby, such as A River Runs Through It and The Horse Whisperer, have also served to draw people to the area.

21st century

From a rank of sixth in the early [19]80s, Bozeman has grown to become the fourth largest city in Montana. The area attracts new residents due to quality of life, scenery, and nearby recreation. In August 2010, Bozeman was selected by Outside as the best place to live in the west for skiing.

Growth in the Gallatin Valley prompted the Gallatin Airport Authority in 2009 to expand the Gallatin Field Airport with two new gates, an expanded passenger screening area, and a third baggage carousel. Gallatin Field was subsequently renamed Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport. Bozeman has been one of Montana's fastest growing cities from 1990 into the new millennium. With a growth rate of 3%, Bozeman could soon surpass Great Falls as Montana's third largest city by 2025.

Geography and climate
Bozeman is located at an elevation of 4820 ft. The Bridger Mountains are to the north-northeast, the Tobacco Root Mountains to the west-southwest, the Big Belt Mountains and Horseshoe Hills to the northwest, the Hyalite Peaks of the northern Gallatin Range to the south and the Spanish Peaks of the northern Madison Range to the south-southwest. Bozeman is east of the continental divide, and Interstate 90 passes through the city. It is 84 mi east of Butte, 125 mi west of Billings, and 93 mi north of Yellowstone National Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.15 sqmi, of which 19.12 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water.

Bozeman experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) as it is located in a more humid microclimate setting. Bozeman and the surrounding area receive significantly higher rainfall than much of the central and eastern parts of the state, up to 24 in of precipitation annually vs. the 8 to 12 in common throughout much of Montana east of the Continental Divide. Combined with fertile soils, this means plant growth is relatively lush. This undoubtedly contributed to the Gallatin Valley's early nickname as the "Valley of the Flowers," as well as the establishment of Montana State University, the state's agricultural college, in the city. Bozeman has cold, snowy winters and relatively warm summers, though due to high elevation, temperature changes from day to night can be significant. The highest temperature ever recorded in Bozeman was 105 F on July 31, 1892. The lowest recorded temperature, -46 F, occurred in 1957 and also 1983.

Unlike most of the country, Bozeman has actually gotten cooler with the new 1991–2020 normals. Average highs dropped by 1.7 F-change, especially in spring and summer. It has also gotten wetter and snowier.

In 2019, Bozeman experienced unusually warm and dry temperatures during the month of December. Montana State University campus reported a daily average of 0.2 in of precipitation for the month, some of the lowest numbers seen in over 120 years. Montana State University also recorded just over 3 in of snowfall during December, the second lowest snowfall ever recorded. Additionally, maximum temperatures were 2 F-change warmer and lowest temperatures were 6 F-change above typical standards in previous Decembers. December 2023 has also been unusually warm and dry, in line with the country as a whole.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 53,293 people and 22,041 households in the city. The population density of the city was 2587.2 PD/sqmi, a substantial increase since the 2010 census.

The racial makeup of the city was 88.6% White, 4.8% Hispanic or Latino, 2.4% Asian, 1.1% American Indian, and 0.6% Black. 5.6% of residents identified two or more races.

Of the 22,041 households in the city, each household has on average 2.24 people.

13.2% of Bozeman's population is under 18 years of age, and 10.7% of the population is over 65 years of age. 97.8% of the city's population, at or over the age of 25, has graduated high school or higher, and 64.2% of the population have attained at least a bachelor's degree. The gender makeup of the city is 53% male and 47% female.

The median income household income of the city was $74,113. The median per-capita income was $45,037. 14.7% of the population fell below the poverty line.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 37,280 people, 15,775 households, and 6,900 families residing in the city. The population density was 1949.8 PD/sqmi. There were 17,464 housing units at an average density of 913.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.6% White, 0.5% African American, 1.1% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.

There were 15,775 households, of which 21.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.1% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 56.3% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 27.2 years. 15.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 28.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.4% were from 25 to 44; 16.7% were from 45 to 64; and 8.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.6% male and 47.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 27,509 people, 10,877 households, and 5,014 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,183.8 PD/sqmi. There were 11,577 housing units at an average density of 919.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.73% White, 0.33% African American, 1.24% Native American, 1.62% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population.

There were 10,877 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.9% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.0% under the age of 18, 33.0% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 14.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,156, and the median income for a family was $41,723. Males had a median income of $28,794 versus $20,743 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,104. About 9.2% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Bozeman became an incorporated Montana city in April 1883 and adopted a city council form of government. Currently, the City of Bozeman uses a city commission/city manager form of government which the citizens adopted on January 1, 1922 with an elected Municipal Judge. The City Commission is chaired by an elected Mayor. These three entities form the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government.

Departments

 * Finance Department – Provides financial administration, treasury and accounting services, grant administration and sustainability management.
 * Fire Department – Bozeman is served by the Bozeman Fire Department which is a full-time career fire department. There are currently 47 uniformed firefighters at three stations, four engines (one reserve), a ladder truck, a Battalion Chief's truck, 2 brush trucks, a HazMat unit, and 2 Medic Units. The Bozeman Fire Department responded to approximately 5,000 emergency calls in 2020.
 * Park, Recreation and Cemetery Department – Operates the Sunset Hills Cemetery, maintains public parks throughout the city to include the East Gallatin Recreation Area and conducts recreational programs for the citizens of Bozeman.
 * Public Service Department – Provides engineering, forestry, signs and signals, solid waste, street, vehicle maintenance, water reclamation, water and sewer and water treatment services for the citizens of Bozeman.

Public
Bozeman Public Schools has two components: Bozeman Elementary School District and Bozeman High School District. Belgrade Public Schools has two components: Belgrade Elementary School District and Belgrade High School District. Almost all of Bozeman is in Bozeman Elementary School District and Bozeman High School District. A small piece extends into Belgrade Elementary School District and Belgrade High School District.

 * The Bozeman Public School District operates two high schools – Bozeman High School and Gallatin High School; two middle schools – Chief Joseph Middle School and Sacajawea Middle School; and eight elementary schools – Emily Dickinson Elementary School, Hawthorne Elementary School, Hyalite Elementary School, Irving Elementary School, Longfellow Elementary School, Meadowlark Elementary School, Morning Star Elementary School, and Whittier Elementary School.
 * The district also operates the Bridger Alternative Program as a branch campus of Bozeman High School to serve "at-risk" secondary students.
 * The former Emerson Elementary School is now a cultural community center. Willson School, originally a high school, then a middle school, then the base for an alternative high school, is still owned by the school district and houses a number of school district offices.

Private

 * Mount Ellis Academy is a co-educational boarding high school (grades   9 through 12) affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
 * Headwaters Academy near the campus of Montana State University is a co-educational middle school (grades   6 through 8).
 * Petra Academy is a co-educational school (grades   pre-k through 12) affiliated with Protestant teachings.

Post-secondary

 * Bozeman is home to Montana State University, the state's largest university and the flagship campus of the Montana State University System. MSU set a new fall enrollment record in the fall of 2018, at a total of 16,902 students on campus.

Media

 * Newspapers and Magazines
 * Bozeman Avant Courier – published 1871–1905
 * The Republican-courier – published 1905–1913
 * The Bozeman Courier – publisher 1919–1954
 * Bozeman Daily Chronicle
 * Bozeman Magazine is a free monthly publication.
 * The BoZone Entertainment and Events Calendar has been publishing since 1993, a free biweekly publication owned by Bozeman Entertainment, LLC.
 * The Montana Pioneer is a monthly newspaper of some decades' history, based in nearby Livingston but serving both areas.

 * AM Radio
 * KBOZ 1090, (Talk/Personality), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KOBB 1230, (sports talk), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KPRK AM 1340, (News/Talk), Townsquare Media
 * KMMS 1450, (News/Talk), Townsquare Media
 * KYWL AM 1490, (Active Rock)
 * FM Radio
 * KGLT 91.9, (Variety), Montana State University
 * KMMS-FM 94.7, (Adult Album), Townsquare Media
 * KISN 96.7, (Top 40 (CHR)), Townsquare Media
 * KXLB 100.7, (Country music), Townsquare Media
 * KBMC (FM) 102.1, (Variety), Montana State University-Billings
 * KZMY 103.5, (Hot Adult Contemporary), Townsquare Media
 * KBZM 104.7, (Classic Rock), Orion Media LLC
 * KKQX 105.7, (Classic Rock), Orion Media LLC
 * KSCY 106.9, (Country music), Orion Media LLC

 * Defunct

 * KOZB 97.5, (Classic rock), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KBOZ-FM 99.9, (Country music), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KOBB-FM 93.7, (Oldies), Reier Broadcasting Company

 * Television
 * KDBZ-CD 6 NBC, Sinclair Broadcast Group
 * KBZK 7 CBS, E. W. Scripps Company
 * KUSM 9 PBS, Montana State University
 * KWYB-LD 28-1 ABC, Cowles Company (LP relay from Butte)
 * KWYB-LD 28-2 FOX

In popular culture
The Bozeman area has served as a filming site for a number of films, including The Wildest Dream, A River Runs Through It, A Plumm Summer and Amazing Grace and Chuck. Aside from being shot in Bozeman, A Plumm Summer featured two local actors, Ben Trotter and John Hosking, as well as many local extras. Films shot in the nearby Paradise Valley south of Livingston and Big Timber areas, such as The Horse Whisperer and Rancho Deluxe also headquartered out of Bozeman due to its status as the largest community in the local trade area. It was also the setting for The Ninth Nugget, a children's book by Ron Roy that is a part of the A-Z Mysteries series. The 2022 Paramount+ Western drama television series 1923 features scenes of early 1920's Bozeman (filmed in Uptown Butte).

Bozeman also features in the film Star Trek: First Contact as the launch site of the first warp ship and location of first contact 5th April 2063.

In popular music, the members of the noise rock group Steel Pole Bath Tub are originally from Bozeman, and wrote a song titled "Bozeman" on their third album, The Miracle of Sound in Motion. The 1980s hard rock band Vixen also featured a former Bozeman resident, Janet Gardner, as lead singer.

Literary references include the Bozeman area and real-life Bozeman artists Bob and Gennie DeWeese as a key setting in Robert Pirsig's novel Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance; the narrator was a professor teaching English composition while developing his philosophical ideas, reflecting the author's own history; Pirsig taught at Montana State. John Steinbeck passed through Bozeman via the former U.S. Route 10 as well as venturing into Yellowstone National Park, and recounted his impressions of Montana in Travels with Charley.

In season 3, episode 13 of The Big Bang Theory, The Bozeman Reaction, Sheldon attempts to move to Bozeman. After being robbed at the bus station, he changes his mind and immediately purchases a ticket back to Pasadena.

National media coverage
On March 5, 2009, the city of Bozeman made national news when an early morning explosion destroyed three buildings in the historic downtown area. Several other buildings were damaged and one person was killed. The blast occurred about 8:15   a.m. and prompted the evacuation of a two-block area. Investigators found the cause of the explosion to be a leak in a gas line that led to a business that was destroyed in the blast. The gas line was more than 70 years old. Business owners and local residents later filed major lawsuits against Northwestern Energy, the company in charge of the gas line. The suits claimed negligence for the gas leak that led to the blast. As of December 2010, most of the lawsuits against the energy company were settled.

In June of the same year, Bozeman was once again in the national news when it was reported that the city government was requesting job applicants provide their user names and passwords to social networking sites. A passage from the city's application form said, "Please list any and all current personal or business Web sites, web pages or memberships on any Internet-based chat rooms, social clubs or forums, to include, but not limited to: Facebook, Google, Yahoo, YouTube.com, MySpace, etc."

After the initial news story aired, the Bozeman City Commissioner received e-mails and phone calls expressing indignation about the practice from across the nation. Bozeman residents were astonished and alarmed by the request. The local government believed the practice had been going on as part of a background search for about three years. In response to the negative backlash from the news media and local citizens, the city rescinded the policy on June 20, 2009, just two days after the news broke.

In March 2021 an episode of The Indicator, a spin-off podcast from NPR's Planet Money, covered a property boom in Bozeman due to remote working. The show states that the median home price in Bozeman is about 75% above the national median, while the median household income of about $50,000 is 25% below the national median. It concludes, "Bottom line, if you are a Bozeman local working a job in Bozeman, buying a house is becoming financially out of reach. The math doesn't work."

Transportation
Bozeman straddles east-west Interstate 90 and is approximately 85 mi east of north–south Interstate 15 in Butte, Montana. U.S. Highway 191 runs south from Bozeman to Big Sky and West Yellowstone. Montana Highway 86 runs north alongside the Bridger Range to U.S. 89. Montana Highway 84 runs west to U.S. 287 in Norris.

Freight rail service is provided by Montana Rail Link, a privately held Class II railroad that connects Spokane, Washington, with Huntley, Montana. The city was last served by passenger rail in 1979 by the North Coast Hiawatha at Bozeman Depot.

Bozeman has operated a free public bus system called Streamline since 2006. Streamline operates four routes, covering the university, Bozeman-Deaconess Hospital, Gallatin Valley Mall, 7th Avenue and 19th Avenue shopping areas, and downtown. The system is funded by a variety of federal, state, and local sources. The Gallatin Big Sky Transportation District has operated the Skyline bus service between Bozeman and Big Sky since December 2006.

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines.

One of the three major regional airports serving southwest Montana is Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport west of Bozeman on the outskirts of Belgrade, Montana. It primarily serves travelers to Bozeman, Big Sky, West Yellowstone and Yellowstone National Park. A smaller commercial airport is located in West Yellowstone, 90 mi south of Bozeman.

Notable people
The following individuals are either notable current or former residents of Bozeman (R), were born or raised in Bozeman in their early years (B), or otherwise have a significant connection to the history of the Bozeman area (C).

 * Sports personalities
 * Conrad Anker, mountaineer C
 * Brock Coyle, linebacker for San Francisco 49ers, Seattle Seahawks B
 * Will Dissly, tight end for Seattle Seahawks B
 * Jeff Fisher, Head Coach for Tennessee Titans and Los Angeles Rams R
 * Nikki Kimball, distance runner R
 * Dane Fletcher, linebacker for New England Patriots, Tampa Bay Buccaneers B
 * Alex Lowe, ice-climber and alpinist R
 * Darren Main, yoga instructor R
 * Mike McLeod, former NFL safety B
 * Heather McPhie, freestyle skier, member of 2010 US Olympic team B
 * Phil Olsen, former National Football League lineman R
 * Willie Saunders, Bozeman-born Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame jockey, won U.S. Triple Crown B
 * Jan Stenerud, member of Pro Football Hall of Fame, AFL and NFL placekicker for Kansas City Chiefs, Green Bay Packers and Minnesota Vikings; winner of Super Bowl IV R
 * Kevin Sweeney, former quarterback for Dallas Cowboys B
 * Tejay van Garderen, professional cyclist R

 * Military and pioneers
 * Travis Atkins, Medal of Honor recipient R
 * John Bozeman, pioneer and founder of the Bozeman Trail C
 * Henry Comstock, a discoverer of Comstock Lode died (suicide) in Bozeman on September 29, 1870 C
 * Gustavus Cheyney Doane, member of Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition 1870 and buried in Sunset Hills Cemetery, Bozeman
 * Nelson Story, prominent cattleman and merchant in Bozeman's early years R
 * Lester S. Willson, prominent merchant in Bozeman's early years R

 * Arts, culture and entertainment
 * Kris Atteberry, MLB broadcaster, one of only two Montanans to call an MLB game B
 * Brannon Braga, writer and producer of Star Trek television shows and films B
 * Deborah Butterfield, sculptor known for use of horses in artwork R
 * Gary Cooper, film actor, attended Gallatin Valley High School in Bozeman R
 * Daniella Deutscher, actress B
 * Pablo Elvira, opera singer R
 * Landon Jones, journalist and author R
 * Donna Kelley, former CNN anchor and current KBZK anchor. R
 * Jane Lawrence, actress and opera singer B
 * Jason Lytle, lead singer of Modesto band, Grandaddy; solo artist R
 * Julian MacKay, ballet dancer B
 * Ben Mikaelsen, author R
 * Christopher Parkening, guitarist, fly casting champion R
 * David Quammen, long-time columnist for Outside magazine, and author R
 * Steven Rinella, American outdoorsman, conservationist, writer, and television personality
 * Albert, Alfred and Chris Schlechten multi-generation family of photographers noted for portraiture and images of Yellowstone National Park and the Gallatin Valley. R, R, B
 * James Willard Schultz, author and Glacier National Park explorer, lived in Bozeman 1928–1929 with partner Jessica McDonald, professor at Montana State; R Schultz's papers are archived at Montana State Burlingame Special Collections Library.
 * Michael Spears, actor R
 * Eddie Spears, actor R
 * Julia Thorne, writer and ex-wife of 2004 Democratic Presidential candidate John Kerry R
 * Kathy Tyers, writer, particularly known for contribution to Star Wars series R
 * Peter Voulkos, ceramic artist B
 * Sarah Vowell, author, regular on This American Life, voice actress from The Incredibles, B
 * Dave Walker, musician R

 * Science and academia
 * Loren Acton, astronaut and physicist R
 * Sidney M. Cadwell, discoverer of anti-oxidants for rubber, made first scientific study of rubber's fatigue behavior. B
 * Don G. Despain, botanist, ecologist, and fire behavior specialist R
 * Christopher Langan, scientist was born in San Francisco but grew up mostly in Bozeman
 * Diana L. Eck, Professor of Comparative Religion at Harvard University B
 * Dr. James A. Henshall, first superintendent of Bozeman Fish Technology Center C
 * Alice Haskins, government botanist and professor R
 * Jack Horner, preeminent paleontologist upon whom main character, Dr. Alan Grant, in book and film Jurassic Park was patterned R
 * Dale W. Jorgenson, Harvard University professor and economist B
 * Robert M. Pirsig, author and past instructor of English and rhetoric at Montana State University R
 * Ann Linnea Sandberg, immunologist R

 * Politics, government and business
 * Brooke D. Anderson, former Ambassador to the United Nations
 * Les AuCoin, former U.S. congressman from Oregon R
 * John Bohlinger, Lieutenant Governor of Montana B
 * Dorothy Bradley, former state legislator, congressional and gubernatorial candidate R
 * Will Brooke, former chief of staff of Conrad Burns R
 * Steve Daines, entrepreneur, business leader and Montana's current junior Senator R
 * Zales Ecton, former U.S. Senator from Montana B
 * Greg Gianforte, Governor of Montana, former US Representative in Montana's at-large congressional district R
 * Charles S. Hartman, United States Congressman from Montana R
 * Christopher Hedrick, entrepreneur and international development expert R
 * Stan Jones, Libertarian Party candidate for Montana governor and United States Senator R
 * Vanessa Kerry, daughter of politician John Kerry R
 * Michael McFaul, former United States Ambassador to Russia R
 * Scott Sales, former Speaker of the Montana House of Representatives R
 * Raymond Strother, Democratic political consultant R
 * Sidney Runyan Thomas, judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit B
 * Ted Turner, entrepreneur (Ted's Montana Grill) and founder of cable television empires including CNN and TBS R

 * Philanthropy
 * Greg Mortenson, humanitarian and founder of the Central Asia Institute R

 * Religion
 * Elizabeth Clare Prophet, co-founder of Church Universal and Triumphant R

 * Architecture
 * Fred F. Willson, designed many notable buildings in Bozeman between 1902 and 1956. R

Business and industry
Bozeman's top employers include Bozeman Health, Montana State University, Simms Fishing Products and Mystery Ranch as well as at least two dozen high-tech companies engaged in research or production of lasers and other optical equipment, over a dozen bio-tech companies, and several large software companies. Nationally known companies based in Bozeman include ILX Lightwave (an MKS/Newport company), Quantel USA, RightNow Technologies, Snowflake Inc., Schedulicity, Workiva, onX and Simms Fishing Products. Notable non-profit organizations based in Bozeman include the Greater Yellowstone Coalition, Human Resource Development Council (HRDC) and Eagle Mount.

Points of interest

 * Museums and gardens
 * American Computer Museum
 * Gallatin Historical Society-The Pioneer Museum
 * Montana Arboretum and Gardens
 * Museum of the Rockies
 * Story Mansion
 * Libraries
 * Bozeman Public Library
 * Renne Library, Montana State University
 * Ski areas
 * Bridger Bowl Ski Area
 * Universities and colleges
 * Montana State University
 * Other
 * BZN International Film Festival
 * East Gallatin Recreation Area
 * Gibson Guitar Factory
 * Hyalite Canyon and Reservoir
 * Sweet Pea-A Festival of the Arts – Festival held annually since 1977. The Sweet Pea Carnival was first established in 1906.
 * U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Technology Center, established 1892

title: Bozeman, Montana


text:
Four Corners, Montana

Four Corners is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The population was 5,901 at the 2020 census, up from 3,146 in 2010. It is part of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Four Corners is located in central Gallatin County at 45.66778°N, -111.1825°W (45.667876, -111.182530), 7 mi west of Bozeman. The "Four Corners" refers to the intersection of U.S. Route 191, Montana Highway 84 and Montana Highway 85. US 191 leads east to Bozeman and south 82 mi to West Yellowstone, MT 84 leads west 29 mi to Norris, and MT 85 leads north 9 mi to Belgrade and Interstate 90.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Four Corners CDP has a total area of 28.07 km2. The Gallatin River, a north-flowing tributary of the Missouri River, forms the western edge of the CDP.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,828 people, 761 households, and 506 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 178.4 PD/sqmi. There were 795 housing units at an average density of 77.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.43% White, 0.16% African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 761 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,964, and the median income for a family was $43,977. Males had a median income of $30,710 versus $21,146 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,185. About 8.1% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty threshold, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over.

Media
The FM radio station KSCY is licensed in Four Corners. It broadcasts a country music format.

title: Four Corners, Montana


text:
Manhattan, Montana

Manhattan is a town in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,086 at the 2020 census. It is part of the 'Bozeman Micropolitan Statistical Area'.

History
In 1865, the town was called Hamilton. This changed in 1883 when they named it Moreland after the Moreland Irrigation Canal. Eventually it was changed to Manhattan after a malting company in the rise of the barley empire.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.93 sqmi, all land.

The Gallatin River is east and north of town. The Bridger Mountains are to the north and the Gallatin Mountains are to the south.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Manhattan has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,520 people, 622 households, and 405 families living in the town. The population density was 787.6 PD/sqmi. There were 733 housing units at an average density of 379.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.2% White, 0.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 622 households, of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.02.

The median age in the town was 41.2 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 29.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,396 people, 553 households, and 389 families living in the town. The population density was 2,303.9 PD/sqmi. There were 582 housing units at an average density of 960.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.42% White, 0.72% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population. In the 1800s a colony of Dutch farmers settled here and grew large amounts of barley, which was used by Bozeman, Montana brewers.

There were 553 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population distribution was as follows: 26.6% were under the age of 18, 7.7% were between 18 and 24, 29.7% were aged 25 to 44, 22.8% were aged 45 to 64, and 13.1% were 65 years old or older. The median age in the town was 38 years. There were 105.9 males for every 100 females, and for every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,242, and the median income for a family was $45,521. Males had a median income of $31,319 versus $19,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,024. About 5.2% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Manhattan School District #3 educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Manhattan High School's team name is the Tigers. In 2022, the high school had 260 students with 18.8 full-time equivalency teachers.

Manhattan Christian High School is a private school located in nearby Churchill.

Manhattan has a public library, the Manhattan Community Library, which is part of the Manhattan High School.

Media
Manhattan is located in the Bozeman media market.

The FM radio stations KKQX and KPWS-LP are licensed in Manhattan. KKQX airs a variety classic rock music and KPWS-LP is owned by the school district.

Infrastructure
Interstate 90 passes by town, with access via exit 288.

The nearest airport is Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport.

Popular culture
In the mid-1990s the town of Manhattan was featured on the "Real Food for Real People" national advertising campaign by the Beef Industry.

title: Manhattan, Montana


text:
Three Forks, Montana

Three Forks is a city in Gallatin County, Montana, United States and is located within the watershed valley system of both the Missouri and Mississippi rivers drainage basins — and is historically considered the birthplace or start of the Missouri River. The population was 1,989 at the 2020 census. The city of Three Forks is named so because it lies geographically near the point, in nearby Missouri Headwaters State Park, where the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin rivers converge to form the Missouri River — the longest single river in North America, as well as the major portion of the Missouri–Mississippi River System from the headwaters near Three Forks to its discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. Three Forks is part of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area of approximately 100,000 people and located thirty miles west of Bozeman.

History

The three rivers, west to east, were named by Meriwether Lewis in late July 1805 for President Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State James Madison, and Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin which was in the times the genesis of a mild controversy and eventually spawned a modern-day geographical controversyin both cases regarding length comparisons between the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. Today the two confluences are incorporated inside Missouri Headwaters State Park, which is also a U.S. National Historic Landmark.

The Lewis and Clark expedition visited the site on July 28, 1805. Meriwether Lewis in his journal entry wrote:

 * "Both Capt. C. and myself corrisponded [sic] in opinion with rispect [sic] to the impropriety of calling either of these [three] streams the Missouri and accordingly agreed to name them after the President of the United States and the Secretaries of the Treasury and state..."

One consequence of their decision to designate, map and name the Jefferson—the largest— as a separate tributary river, is that today the Mississippi River can arguably be called longer than the Missouri River because extensive re-channelization of the streambed for hydroelectric power projects has shortened the river while the Mississippi Delta has grown, lengthening the rival river.

Honored in Three Forks, the Indian woman Sacagawea is best known as the interpreter and guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition. In 1800, she was captured by the Mennetaree tribe near the present site of Three Forks. She later returned to this area with Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery. A statue of Sacagawea now sits in a park off Main Street.

The present-day city of Three Forks was founded September 17, 1908 by John Q. Adams, a Milwaukee Road land agent. The Milwaukee (Railroad) Land Co., platted the town and held a lot sale that day. Some buildings were moved to the present city from "Old Town Three Forks", a mile to the northeast. The city became a division point on the Milwaukee Road's Rocky Mountain Division and was an important hub for the railroad during the existence of the Milwaukee in Montana (1908-1980).

Two banks for the town were chartered in 1909 and 1910; John Q. Adams financed construction of the latter one, the Three Valleys State Bank, whose building survives, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and serves as a local history museum. The town's early growth prospects foundered from the effects of economic depression, crop failures, and an earthquake that hit the town on June 27, 1925, damaging all of its brick buildings. The town's population never reached the 10,000 level that some once hoped for, and dropped to about 1,000. Some prosperity returned during and after World War II, and population has grown modestly since.

Geography
Three Forks is located at 45.89139°N, -111.55167°W (45.891334, -111.551532).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.50 sqmi, of which 1.44 sqmi is land and 0.06 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,869 people, 785 households, and 524 families residing in the city. The population density was 1297.9 PD/sqmi. There were 850 housing units at an average density of 590.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White, 0.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.5% Asian, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 785 households, of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.2% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 15.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.9% male and 50.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,728 people, 686 households, and 469 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,360.7 PD/sqmi. There were 726 housing units at an average density of 571.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.57% White, 1.10% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population.

There were 686 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,212, and the median income for a family was $39,938. Males had a median income of $30,086 versus $19,196 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,362. About 5.5% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The City of Three Forks is a Mayor–council government form of government in which the City Council is chaired by an elected Mayor. These two entities form the legislative and executive branches of the government. There are six elected City Council members.

Infrastructure
Three Forks Airport is a public use airport located 1 mile southeast of town.

Education
Three Forks Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Three Forks High School's team name is the Wolves.

The Three Forks Community Library is a public library.

Media
The Three Forks Voice is a weekly newspaper serving the area.

Community
Area attractions such as Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park have made Three Forks and the surrounding area a hub for tourism. Three Forks is at the cross-roads of Interstate 90 and U.S. Route 287.

title: Three Forks, Montana


text:
West Yellowstone, Montana

West Yellowstone is a town in Gallatin County, Montana, United States, adjacent to Yellowstone National Park. The population was 1,272 at the 2020 census. West Yellowstone is served by Yellowstone Airport. It is part of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

West Yellowstone offers lodging, gift shops, and other services to travelers visiting nearby Yellowstone National Park.

History
Founded in June 1908 when the Oregon Short Line Railroad was completed, the town's name changed several times until West Yellowstone was settled upon in 1920. Train service to West Yellowstone ended in 1960. The town was incorporated in 1966.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.80 sqmi, all land.

Climate
At almost 7,000 feet above sea level and almost exactly halfway between the equator and the North Pole, West Yellowstone experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), with cold — sometimes bitterly cold — winters and brief but generally warm summers. West Yellowstone is snow-covered from the beginning of November until the beginning of May. At the peak of the snowpack, which typically occurs in early March, there are 3.5 – 4 feet of snow on the ground. In 2007-2008, West Yellowstone had snow on the ground from late October until mid May, with 4.5 feet of snow by late March. During the summer, the average low is 41 °F, and the average high is 78 °F. During the coldest month, January, the average low is 0 °F, and the average high is 24 °F.

West Yellowstone holds the all-time lowest recorded temperature for any residential community in the contiguous United States at -66 °F, although a lower temperature was once recorded at Rogers Pass, Montana, at -70 °F.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,271 people, 617 households, and 298 families residing in the town. The population density was 1588.8 PD/sqmi. There were 969 housing units at an average density of 1211.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 86.6% White, 0.4% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 7.5% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.9% of the population.

There were 617 households, of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 51.7% were non-families. 42.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06, and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the town was 39.4 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.1% were from 25 to 44; 34.2% were from 45 to 64; and 8.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 53.1% male and 46.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,177 people, 518 households, and 289 families residing in the town. The population density was 1458.9 PD/sqmi. There were 806 housing units at an average density of 999.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 91.93% White, 0.34% African American, 0.85% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 4.84% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.73% of the population.

There were 518 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.2% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 35.9% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 123.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,703, and the median income for a family was $37,250. Males had a median income of $24,297 versus $20,909 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,136. About 9.1% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
Because of its proximity to Yellowstone National Park, the town receives a large amount of tourism, especially from China. To cater to these tourists, the town has commercial signage in Mandarin as well as six Chinese restaurants. It is estimated to receive more than half its annual business from Chinese tourists.

Education
The town has one school, the West Yellowstone School, serving kindergarten through 12th grade. West Yellowstone High School is a class C school (less than 108 students) which helps determine athletic competitions. They are known as the Wolverines.

West Yellowstone Public Library serves the area.

Media
Three radio stations are licensed in West Yellowstone. KWYS (AM), broadcasting at 920 kHz and locally owned by Radio West, LLC, plays an oldies format. The FM station KEZQ plays soft adult contemporary music. KPWY is a religious radio station.

Layout
The D Parkway road roughly separates the town into residential and commercial areas. South of D Parkway is mainly a business/commercial area, while northward is a residential area of homes and apartments. The area north of D Parkway is known to locals as the "Madison Addition".

Transportation
The West Yellowstone Airport, a mainly summer-operating airport, is to the north of town.

U.S. Route 20 and U.S. Route 191 pass through the town.

The Union Pacific Railroad historically operated the Butte Special, (29/30) which linked with a coordinated train, the Yellowstone Special, (35/36) which ran from Pocatello, Idaho to West Yellowstone. The two trains ran linked from Pocatello to Idaho Falls, where the latter train split off for West Yellowstone. Service ended in 1971.

title: West Yellowstone, Montana


text:
Willow Creek, Montana

Willow Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The population was 210 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The settlement here began in 1864 and soon grew due to a mining boom in nearby Norwegian Gulch. The Northern Pacific Railroad arrived at Willow Creek in 1883.

Geography
Willow Creek is located in western Gallatin County at 45.82722°N, -111.63528°W (45.827110, -111.635392), where the valley of Willow Creek (the stream) enters the valley of the Jefferson River. It is 6 mi southwest of Three Forks and 7 mi southwest of Interstate 90.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.08 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 209 people, 81 households, and 52 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 192.4 PD/sqmi. There were 84 housing units at an average density of 77.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.34% White, 0.96% Asian, 0.48% Pacific Islander, 3.83% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.26% of the population.

There were 81 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,386, and the median income for a family was $32,083. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,251. About 15.5% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.3% of those 65 or over.

Education
Willow Creek School educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. They are known as the Broncs. Willow Creek High School is a Class C school (less than 108 students) which helps determine athletic competitions.

title: Willow Creek, Montana


text:
Jordan, Montana

Jordan is a town in and the county seat of Garfield County, Montana, United States. The population was 356 at the 2020 census. It is Garfield County's only incorporated community.

History
Jordan was settled in 1896. The founder, Arthur Jordan, had hunted the area and decided to settle with his family in 1896 along the banks of the Big Dry Creek.

A post office was opened in Jordan on July 11, 1899. Afterward, a town began building around the post office. There were saloons, rooming houses, livery stables, blacksmiths, and stores. In the later part of the 1910s, the homestead boom hit Garfield County, which was then actually part of Dawson County to the east. By 1919, the citizens reached a consensus to form a county of their own, therefore establishing Garfield County. Jordan was finally chosen as the county seat, by popular vote. The Great Northern Railroad had proposed a route starting from Lewiston, MT eastbound through Winnett, MT and Jordan, MT, and connecting to their line at Richey, MT. Grading had been completed between Lewiston, MT and Winnett, MT but no track was laid.

Jordan was incorporated as a town in 1951.

On March 25, 1996, an 81-day-long standoff between an anti-government gang known as the Montana Freemen and federal officers began near Jordan.

Geography
Jordan is located at 47.32167°N, -106.91°W (47.3212, -106.9106). Montana Highway 59 and Montana Highway 200 intersect just south of town. Fort Peck Lake is nearby.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.34 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Jordan experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with long, freezing although exceedingly variable, and dry winters alongside hot, wetter summers. The town is noted for its extreme weather: on December 15, 2009, the low was −40 °F.

Jordan ranks 10th in the U.S. in temperature range, from its lowest at −58 °F, to its highest at 112 °F, a range of 170 F-change, and within February alone the range is 132 F-change. An illustration of the extreme year-to-year winter climate variability can be seen in February 1936 averaging −9.5 F, whereas February 1954 averaged 36.9 F, or a whopping 46.4 F-change warmer.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 343 people, 170 households, and 93 families residing in the town. The population density was 1008.8 PD/sqmi. There were 206 housing units at an average density of 605.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.8% White, 0.6% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 0.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 170 households, of which 18.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.3% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.71.

The median age in the town was 48.8 years. 18.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.2% were from 25 to 44; 31% were from 45 to 64; and 25.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 364 people, 169 households, and 98 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,024.9 PD/sqmi. There were 233 housing units at an average density of 656.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.63% White, 0.27% African American, 0.27% Pacific Islander, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.37% of the population.

There were 169 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.0% were non-families. 39.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 26.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $34,583. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $11,979 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,426. About 10.4% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.4% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.

Infrastructure
Jordan Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport located two miles (4 km) northwest of town.

Education
Jordan Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. They are known as the Mustangs. Garfield County District High School is a Class C school.

Garfield County Library serves the area.

Notable persons

 * Wayne Hawkins, NFL player born in Jordan
 * Jerry Kramer, NFL Hall of Fame guard and author; born here in 1936

title: Jordan, Montana


text:
Browning, Montana

Browning is a former town and current unincorporated community in Glacier County, Montana, United States. It is the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation and was the only incorporated town on the Reservation. The population was 1,018 at the 2020 census.

The town was named in 1885 for Commissioner of Indian Affairs Daniel M. Browning. The post office was established in 1895. The town was disincorporated on September 26, 2018, after the town's government collapsed financially.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.27 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Browning has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb), bordering on a subarctic climate, as well as cold semi-arid. From January 23 to January 24, 1916, the temperature fell 100 °F (56 °C), from 44 °F (7 °C) to −56 °F (−49 °C), the world record for greatest temperature drop in 24 hours. Browning's climate is semi-arid and continental. Temperatures above 90 °F occur an average of twice annually, temperatures below 32 °F occur an average of 196 days annually, and those below 0 °F occur an average of 32 days annually. There is a large degree of diurnal temperature variation that occurs in the summer, but not as much in the winter. Large temperature swings are possible, especially in fall, winter, and spring. Arctic-air intrusions from western Canada can bring sudden, severe temperature drops, while chinook events, with Pacific-originating warmer air descending from mountain ranges to the west, can result in dramatic temperature rises. Precipitation averages just over 14 inches per year, rendering the climate semi-arid. From November to March or April, the precipitation is primarily snow. Average monthly precipitation is lowest in winter and highest in the warm season. On average, June is the wettest month, with showers and thunderstorms most likely among all months.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,016 people, 360 households, and 243 families living in the town. The population density was 3763.0 PD/sqmi. There were 394 housing units at an average density of 1459.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 5.5% White, 92.7% Native American, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.

There were 360 households, of which 45.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.6% were married couples living together, 28.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 10.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.5% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.43.

The median age in the town was 29.8 years. 33.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 23% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.1% male and 53.9% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,065 people, 360 households, and 254 families living in the town. The population density was 3,911.2 PD/sqmi. There were 409 housing units at an average density of 1,502.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 6.57% White, 90.52% Native American, 0.09% from other races, African American, 0.09% and 2.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.88% of the population.

There were 360 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 25.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.40.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.5% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,879, and the median income for a family was $25,000. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $20,972 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,955. About 28.3% of families and 29.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.4% of those under age 18 and 23.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The area school district is Browning Public Schools, with its components being Browning Elementary School District and Browning High School District. The two districts, under the name "Browning Public Schools," educate students from kindergarten through 12th grade. They are known as the Indians. Browning High School is a Class A school.

Browning is home to Blackfeet Community College. In addition to the public school district operated in Browning and Heart Butte on the Blackfeet Reservation, there is also a language immersion program operated through Cutswood Academy and a small non-diocesan Catholic School run by the De La Salle Christian Brothers, De La Salle Blackfeet School.

Media
Browning is home to low-power radio station KBWG-LP, broadcasting at 107.5 FM.

The Glacier Reporter is a newspaper serving Browning and all of Glacier County. It is offered both in print and online.

Transportation

 * US Route 2 comes into Browning from East Glacier from the west.
 * US Route 89 comes into Browning from St. Mary from the north.
 * The two US Routes meet on the western end of Browning and run through town together, splitting on the eastern end of town, with US 2 headed east towards Cut Bank and Shelby and US 89 headed south towards Choteau and Great Falls.
 * US Route 87 ran through Browning until 1934, when US 89 replaced its original routing north of Great Falls. US 87 then ended in Great Falls until 1945, when it was changed to run from Great Falls to Havre.
 * Amtrak's Chicago to Portland/Seattle Empire Builder serves Browning from October to April at a station just south of town. East Glacier receives passengers just a few miles west, from April to October.

Notable people

 * Shannon Augare, politician
 * William Big Springs, artist
 * Michele Binkley, politician
 * Frosty Boss Ribs, politician
 * Jackie Larson Bread, beadwork artist
 * Gladys Cardiff, Native American poet and academic
 * Elouise Pepion Cobell, MacArthur Grant winner, tribal elder and activist, banker, rancher, and lead plaintiff in Cobell v. Salazar
 * Lila Walter Evans, politician
 * Lily Gladstone, actress
 * Bonnie HeavyRunner, academic
 * Joe Hipp, professional boxer
 * Carol Juneau, politician and educator
 * Denise Juneau, politician
 * Darrell Kipp, educator, documentary filmmaker, and historian
 * Malia Kipp, University of Montana basketball player
 * Terran Last Gun, artist
 * Stuart Long, popular Roman Catholic priest stationed in Browning for three years
 * Zahn McClarnon, actor
 * Earl Old Person, honorary lifetime chief of the Blackfeet Nation
 * Albert Racine, artist
 * Steve Reevis, actor known for Dances with Wolves, Geronimo: An American Legend, Fargo, and The Missing
 * Hart Merriam Schultz, artist
 * Robert Scriver, sculptor and museum owner
 * Marvin Weatherwax Jr., politician
 * James Welch, poet and author
 * Tyson Running Wolf, member of the Montana House of Representatives
 * Alfred Young Man, artist, writer, and educator

In popular culture
Browning is the setting for the TV-series The X-Files episode "Shapes".

title: Browning, Montana


text:
Cut Bank, Montana

Cut Bank is a city in and the county seat of Glacier County, Montana, United States, located just east of the "cut bank" (gorge) along Cut Bank Creek. The population was 3,056 at the 2020 census, The town began in 1891 with the arrival of the Great Northern Railway.

Geography
Cut Bank is located in eastern Glacier County. The Blackfeet Indian Reservation is located just west of Cut Bank, on the western side of Cut Bank Creek.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.99 sqmi, all land.

The city is located 30 mi south of the Canada–United States border. The name of the city comes from the cut bank (gorge) — a scenic hazard to navigation and a geologic feature of the same name. The Cut Bank Creek river is spanned cliffs to cliffs by a scenic elevated railway bridge high above the canyon floor less than a mile from the edge of the town.

Climate
Cut Bank experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with long, cold, dry winters and short, warm, wetter summers. In winter, bitterly cold arctic air masses move south and impact the eastern side of the American Continental Divide. During such invasions, Cut Bank, with its comparatively high elevation and topography, is frequently the coldest location in the lower 48 U.S. States. Being close to the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains also makes the area subject to occasional Chinook winds that can rapidly increase the local temperature.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 2,869 people, 1,249 households and 739 families residing in the city. The population density was 2927 PD/sqmi. There were 1,441 housing units at an average density of 1470 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 74.7% White, 0.2% African American, 19.0% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 1,249 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.8% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age was 41.2 years. 24.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 28.8% were from 45 to 64; and 16.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

Education
The area school district is Cut Bank Public Schools, with its components being Cut Bank Elementary School District and Cut Bank High School District. Cut Bank Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Cut Bank High School's team name is the Wolves.

Cut Bank has a public library, the Glacier County Library.

Media
The Cut Bank Pioneer Press is a newspaper that provides both print and e-edition news.

Transportation
Cut Bank is served by Amtrak's Empire Builder long-distance train on its route from Chicago to Seattle/Portland. There is one eastbound and one westbound train per day.

A train of the same name served the city under Amtrak's predecessor, the Great Northern Railway. The city, in conjunction with Amtrak and the current track owner BNSF Railway, recently repainted its historic train station in the traditional Great Northern depot colors.

The city contains an important railroad freight yard operated by the BNSF.

Cut Bank Municipal Airport is a public use airport 3 mi southwest of Cut Bank.

U.S. Route 2 passes through the city as Main Street, leading east 22 mi to Interstate 15 at Shelby and west 34 mi to Browning.

Notable people

 * Gerard Jones, comic book writer, born in Cut Bank
 * Rosalie Mae Jones/Daystar, choreographer and dancer, founder of Daystar Contemporary Dance-Drama of Indian America
 * James C. Nelson, Montana Supreme Court justice
 * Rob Quist, musician
 * Glenn Roush, Montana state legislator
 * Hart Merriam Schultz, American Indian artist
 * Gloria Jean Siebrecht, amateur paleontologist
 * Alexis Wineman, Miss Montana 2012
 * Danielle Wineman, Miss Montana 2015

title: Cut Bank, Montana


text:
East Glacier Park Village, Montana

East Glacier Park (Blackfeet: Omahkoyis, "Big Tree Lodge") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Glacier County, Montana, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 354.

History
The Great Northern Railway platted the community of Midvale in the 1890s. The town name was eventually changed to Glacier Park and officially became East Glacier Park in 1949. There are two National Register of Historic Places listings: the Ranger Station Historic District and the Women's Club.

2022 attack
On July 19, 2022, 37-year-old Derick Amos Madden rammed his pickup truck (a Toyota Tacoma) into a Syracuse, New York, family in East Glacier Park Village. After crashing, he emerged with a shotgun and fatally shot the father and his 18-month-old daughter. He also critically injured the mother and the sister-in-law, the latter of whom had been in a relationship with Madden. Madden, who also used a knife in the attack, was subsequently killed by the sister-in-law when she fought back. Two other children in the family survived uninjured.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.4 sqmi, all land. A significant number of lakes are located in the area.

Climate
East Glacier's climate is borderline Subarctic / Humid Continental, with warm summers, and winters generally beginning in November and lasting into March, bringing cold temperatures and over 176 inches of snowfall annually.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 396 people, 148 households, and 101 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 90.9 PD/sqmi. There were 219 housing units at an average density of 50.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 43.43% White, 0.25% African American, 51.77% Native American, 1.26% from other races, and 3.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 148 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,417, and the median income for a family was $39,250. Males had a median income of $32,250 versus $27,917 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,318. About 14.3% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 26.8% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
The East Glacier Park Amtrak Station is open seasonally during the spring, summer and fall, served by the Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle/Portland. During the winter the stop is at Browning, Montana, just east of East Glacier Village. Glacier Park International Airport at Kalispell is the closest airport.

Emergency services
The East Glacier Volunteer Fire Department was founded in 1968. Today, it consists of around 18 volunteers who help protect the village and surrounding area from the threat of wildland fire.

title: East Glacier Park Village, Montana