text:
Copake Lake, New York

Copake Lake is a community (and census-designated place) in southern Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 767 at the 2020 census.

The community is named after Copake Lake, a lake by the west town line of the town of Copake. Copake means "snake pond" in the native language.

Copake Lake is located about 95 mi north of New York City and is an area of second homes.

Geography
Copake Lake is located at 42.14722°N, -73.5975°W (42.147128, -73.597614). The community surrounds the water body of Copake Lake, part of the Taghkanic Creek watershed flowing west to the Hudson River. Most of the CDP is in the town of Copake, while about 20% of it extends westward into the town of Taghkanic.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 26.7 km2, of which 24.6 km2 is land and 2.1 km2, or 7.80%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 762 people, 302 households, and 205 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 79.4 PD/sqmi. There were 811 housing units at an average density of 84.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.19% White, 0.39% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.79% from other races, and 2.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.57% of the population.

There were 302 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.9 males.

title: Copake Lake, New York


text:
Gallatin, New York

Gallatin is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population at 2020 was 1,628,  down from 1,668 at the 2010 census. Gallatin is on the southern border of Columbia County and located 100 mi north of New York City.

History
The region was part of Livingston Manor. The town was formed in 1830 from part of the town of Ancram. It is named for Albert Gallatin. It is one of five towns in the Roe Jan region and was the largest settlement in the early Roe Jan towns with a railroad station, a hotel, stores, a grist mill, a plaster mill, two blacksmith shops, a post office, and about a dozen houses by the 19th century.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 102.6 km2, of which 101.3 km2 is land and 1.3 km2, or 1.31%, is water. Most of the town drains to the Roeliff Jansen Kill, a tributary of the Hudson River. A small portion of the northeastern corner of the town drains via Suydam Creek to Taghkanic Creek, then via Claverack Creek to the Hudson River, north of the city of Hudson.

The southern town line is the border of Dutchess County.

The Taconic State Parkway crosses the town.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,499 people, 609 households, and 414 families residing in the town. The population density was 38.2 PD/sqmi. There were 913 housing units at an average density of 23.3 per square mile (9.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.60% white, 0.47% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.20% of the population.

There were 609 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,454, and the median income for a family was $48,393. Males had a median income of $35,500 versus $23,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,041. About 2.9% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and location in Gallatin

 * Elizaville – A hamlet at the western town line.
 * Gallatinville – A hamlet in the eastern part of town on County Road 7.
 * Jacksons Corners – A location at the southern town line, near the Taconic Parkway.
 * Lake Taghkanic State Park – Surrounding Lake Taghkanic near the northern town line.
 * Mount Ross – A hamlet at the town line on the Roeliff Jansen Kill.
 * Silvernails – A hamlet south of Gallatinville.
 * Snyderville – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town. The William and Victoria Pulver House and Snyderville Schoolhouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * Spaulding Furnace – A hamlet southwest of Gallatinville.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gallatin, New York


text:
Greenport, Columbia County, New York

 * Greenport is also a village in Suffolk County, New York.

Greenport is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 4,473 at the 2020 census, up from 4,165 in the 2010. The town is on the western border of the county and surrounds the city of Hudson on three sides. It is the third largest municipality in southern Columbia County, after Claverack and Hudson.

Olana State Historic Site is located in the southern part of the town. It was the former home of Hudson artist Frederic Edwin Church and is decorated in a Persian style.

History
The region was explored by Henry Hudson in 1609. The town was established in 1837 from part of the city of Hudson and was previously part of the town of Claverack. Greenport was the last town founded in the county.

The Van Salsbergen House, built about 1700, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. Also listed are the Columbia Turnpike-West Tollhouse, Turtle House, and Henry (Hendrick) I. Van Rensselaer House.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Greenport has a total area of 53.1 km2, of which 48.2 km2 is land and 4.9 km2, or 9.18%, is water.

The western town line is defined by the city of Hudson and the center of the Hudson River, with Greene County on the opposite shore. The town of Stockport is north of Greenport. East of Greenport is Claverack, and south of the town is Livingston

US 9 passes through the town. New York Route 23B runs east-west through the town. The New York Route 23 bridge in the southern part of the town connects Greenport to the village of Catskill.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,180 people, 1,777 households, and 1,144 families residing in the town. The population density was 222.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,896 housing units at an average density of 101.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 91.10% White, 5.10% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 0.84% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.49% of the population.

There were 1,777 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,394, and the median income for a family was $47,452. Males had a median income of $35,250 versus $26,381 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,543. About 6.1% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Greenport

 * Columbia–Greene Community College – A two-year public college in the southern part of the town, near the Olana Historical site.
 * Greendale – A hamlet in the southwestern section of the town, on the east bank of the Hudson River.
 * Greenport Center – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Hudson – The city of Hudson is surrounded on three sides by the northern part of the town.
 * Lorenz Park – A hamlet in the northern part of the town, north of Hudson, and hosts several large retailers.
 * Olana State Historic Site – This home of a former artist is in the southern part of the town.
 * Rogers Island – An island in the Hudson River in the southwestern section of the town. Formerly known as Vastrick Island, in 1628 it was the scene of the decisive battle in the Beaver War between the Mohican and Mohawk Tribes for control of the Hudson River beaver trade with the Dutch. The battle initially took place nearby onshore in Columbia County but as the Mohicans gained the upper hand, the Mohawk tribe retreated to Vastrick Island. That evening, the Mohicans arrived on the island and launched an attack on what they believed were the Mohawks, sleeping in blankets next to camp fires.  After their initial salvo, the Mohicans discovered that the "Indians" were simply blankets wrapped around brush and that they were outflanked by the Mohawks. The result of the battle was the utter decimation of the Mohican warriors and the Indian nation abandoned its Hudson Valley Homeland, retreating to the Taghkanic range in Connecticut. Local legend has it that the island has been haunted by the specters of the slaughtered Mohicans ever since.

Notable people

 * Frederic Edwin Church, Hudson River School painter
 * Kirsten Gillibrand (b. 1966), US senator, former congresswoman

title: Greenport, Columbia County, New York


text:
Hillsdale, New York

Hillsdale is a town in eastern Columbia County, New York, near the New York - Massachusetts border and Great Barrington, Massachusetts. New York state routes 22 and 23 intersect near the town center, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The town has several restaurants and a general store, among other businesses. Hillsdale is known for its hilly landscape and is near Bash Bish Falls, Taconic State Park, and the Catamount Ski Area. The Harlem Valley Rail Trail, a 26-mile bike path in two sections, is located not far from the intersection of routes 22 and 23.

History
Much of what would become the town of Hillsdale was part of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck. Due to overlapping boundary lines, portions of the eastern part were claimed by the Province of Massachusetts. Kakeout was established by settlers from New England who raised sheep. Around 1745, Martin Krum is reported to have purchased 800 acres in the western portion of the town from the Van Rensselaer family. Robert Noble and his associates procured the Indian title to land about five miles square in the eastern part and called it Nobletown. The Van Resselaers and the Livingstons leased land on their vast estates to tenant farmers, but those who had emigrated from Massachusetts did not recognized the landlords' titles. The dispute was not settled until 1773.

In 1776 Henry Knox passed through Hillsdale while transporting cannons from Albany, New York, to aid the Continentals in the siege of Boston. Two markers are posted in Hillsdale along the Henry Knox Trail.

This territory was taken from the town of Claverack in 1782. The Columbia Turnpike was chartered by the state legislature in 1799. The road ran from the Massachusetts state line to the Hudson River port of Hudson as a way to bring farm produce, especially wool, rye, and wheat from the farm communities downriver to New York City. Revenues from tolls covered construction and maintenance. The East Gate tollhouse was located in Hillsdale. In 2016, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

The Dr. Joseph P. Dorr House and Pine View Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 124.0 km2, of which 123.6 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.34%, is water.

The eastern town line is the New York–Massachusetts border, along the Taghkanic Mountain range.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,744 people, 721 households, and 485 families residing in the town. The population density was 36.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,133 housing units at an average density of 23.8 per square mile (9.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.88% White, 0.63% African American, 0.46% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.61% of the population.

There were 721 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,156, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $30,893 versus $25,694 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,186. About 4.7% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Hillsdale

 * Harlemville – The hamlet of Harlemville is located in the northwestern corner of the town on County Route 21. It is the home of Hawthorne Valley Farm Store and its Waldorf school. The Emmanuel Lutheran Church of Harlemville and Cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
 * Hillsdale – The hamlet of Hillsdale is located on the southern border of the town, next to the town of Copake. It is at the junction of state routes 22 and 23. The Hillsdale Hamlet Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 due to its abundance of pre-1900 buildings, including the recently-restored Hillsdale General Store and three historic inns: Hillsdale House, Mount Washington House, and a 1790 brick structure that formerly housed the Aubergine restaurant. The Hillsdale Hamlet Park offers playground equipment for children and a basketball court. Roeliff Jansen Park, a state park run by the town of Hillsdale, has miles of hiking and snowshoeing trails, a year-round dog run, many family events, and a summer program for children, as well as a weekly Copake Hillsdale Farmers Market in the summer and fall. The park is located on Route 22 in the town of Copake, approximately one mile south of the intersection of Routes 22 and 23. Across from the park is the Roeliff Jansen Community Library, which also serves the towns of Copake and Ancram. A recently opened extension of the Harlem Valley Rail Trail terminates in the hamlet. The 1.5-mile extension was paved in spring 2017.
 * North Hillsdale – A hamlet near the center of Hillsdale on Route 22, originally the location of Nobletown. The North Hillsdale Methodist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Festivals and celebrations
Falcon Ridge Folk Festival takes place every August on Dodds Farm, 4.5 mi north of the intersection of routes 22 and 23. Additionally, the Oldtone Music Festival is held at Cool Whisper Farm on Route 21 in early September. Grass Fed Arts/Oldtone preserves roots music and traditional folkways through artist and audience participation; connecting neighbors, bridging cultures, and sharing insight and wisdom across generations.

Notable people

 * James Agee, writer
 * Samuel Birdsall, US Congressman, studied law with Martin Van Buren
 * Squire S. Case, New York legislator
 * Peter Kane Dufault, poet
 * Bill Kramer (executive), CEO, Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences
 * Anna Roosevelt Halsted, writer
 * John Krum, attorney, jurist, and mayor of St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois
 * Henry Augustus Loop, painter
 * John F. Collin, U.S. Congressman (1845-1846), Farmer, Historian
 * John Cowper Powys, writer
 * Brian Denis Cox, Scottish actor, HBO series Succession, Broadway plays Great Society, Pretenders, Strange but True
 * Michael Lally, Irish American poet, actor

title: Hillsdale, New York


text:
Livingston, New York

Livingston is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 3,628 at the 2020 census. The town is named after its founding father.

Livingston is in the southwestern part of Columbia County. U.S. Route 9 passes through the town.

History
Prior to 1686, the area would have been part of the Dutch trading area of New Netherlands (Nieuw Nederland) along the Hudson River from Fort Nassau to New Amsterdam up to 1664 (after which it became British). The area of Columbia which Livingston is in was settled after Fort Nassau was built in 1614.

The land grant for Livingston Manor was made in 1686 to Robert Livingston. The region was made a district in 1772, and the town of Livingston was founded in 1788, being one of the original towns of the county.

In 1710, the area was used to settle Palatine Germans.

The Burroughs–Foland Farm, Forth House, Linlithgo Reformed Church of Livingston, Henry W. Livingston House, Richmond Hill, and St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 100.9 km2, of which 98.8 km2 is land and 2.0 km2, or 2.01%, is water.

The western town line, in the center of the Hudson River, is the border of Greene County.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,424 people, 1,332 households, and 889 families residing in the town. The population density was 89.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,651 housing units at an average density of 43.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.14% White, 1.46% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.69% of the population.

There were 1,332 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,117, and the median income for a family was $41,827. Males had a median income of $31,205 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,434. About 4.2% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Livingston

 * Bells Pond – A small lake in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Blue Stores – A hamlet in the southern section of the town; so named for a blue store that was located at the intersection of Routes 9 and 31.
 * Burden – A hamlet west of Livingston village.
 * Glencoe Mills – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town, south of Linlithgo Mills.
 * Linlithgo – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town. The Livingston Memorial Church and Burial Ground, Oak Hill, and Teviotdale are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * Linlithgo Mills – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town.
 * Livingston – The hamlet of Livingston, with the town offices, is on County Route 19.

title: Livingston, New York


text:
Lorenz Park, New York

Lorenz Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 2,001 in 2020, a slight decrease from the 2,053 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Lorenz Park is located in the north part of the town of Greenport at 42.26361°N, -73.76583°W (42.263667, -73.765705). It is bordered to the south by the city of Hudson (the county seat) and to the north by Stottville. It is bordered on the west by the Hudson River and on the east by Claverack Creek, a tributary. U.S. Route 9 passes through the community, leading south into Hudson and north to Stockport and Kinderhook.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Lorenz Park CDP has a total area of 5.0 km2, of which 4.6 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 8.37%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,981 people, 868 households, and 543 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,074.3 PD/sqmi. There were 903 housing units at an average density of 489.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.52% White, 4.69% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 1.06% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.14% of the population.

There were 868 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the CDP, the population exhibited a varied age distribution, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 5.5% aged 18 to 24, 26.5% aged 25 to 44, 22.8% aged 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $33,958, and the median income for a family was $46,371. Males had a median income of $34,667 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,859. About 5.2% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lorenz Park, New York


text:
New Lebanon, New York

New Lebanon is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States, 24 mi southeast of Albany. The population was 2,514 at the 2020 census.

The town of New Lebanon is in the northeastern corner of Columbia County. The center of town is at the intersection of U.S. Route 20 and New York State Route 22.

History
New Lebanon was formed from the town of Canaan in 1818.

New Lebanon was the main spiritual home of the Shakers. The Mount Lebanon Shaker Society had 609 members in 1864. The most historic structures now belong to the Shaker Museum | Mount Lebanon. Some of the other surviving buildings are home to the Darrow School. Still others have been converted into a Sufi retreat center called the Abode of the Message. The latter is the former residence of Vilayat Inayat Khan, and is now the home of the current Pir of the Inayati Order, Zia Inayat Khan.

In addition to the Mount Lebanon Shaker Society, the Church of Our Saviour, Donnelly House, Elisha Gilbert House, Lebanon Springs Union Free School, and Gov. Samuel J. Tilden Monument are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.2 sqkm, of which 92.9 sqkm is land and 0.3 sqkm, or 0.32%, is water.

The northern town line is the border of Rensselaer County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Berkshire County, Massachusetts.

There is a warm thermal spring named Lebanon Spring, located on Spring Hill Road that had been used by the Native Americans.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,454 people, 983 households, and 651 families residing in the town. The population density was 68.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,201 housing units at an average density of 33.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.52% White, 1.26% African American, 0.08% Native American, 1.34% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.10% of the population.

There were 983 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $44,805, and the median income for a family was $50,417. Males had a median income of $34,524 versus $30,590 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,529. About 6.8% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations

 * Darrow School – formerly a boys' prep school, now coeducational boarding school.
 * Lebanon Springs – A hamlet northeast of New Lebanon village on Route 22.
 * New Britain – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town.
 * New Lebanon – The hamlet of New Lebanon in the eastern section of the town.
 * New Lebanon Center – A hamlet west of New Lebanon village.
 * The Abode of the Message – A residential spiritual community, conference center and school of esoteric study.
 * West Lebanon – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town on Route 20.

Notable people

 * Samuel J. Tilden, New York politician and U. S. presidential candidate in 1876. (Tilden won the popular vote but was defeated by Hayes in the electoral college.)
 * George Henry Williams, attorney and judge

title: New Lebanon, New York


text:
Niverville, New York

Niverville is a semi-rural hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in northern Columbia County, New York, United States. The hamlet of Niverville is located in the town of Kinderhook, south of Kinderhook Lake. The Niverville CDP includes the hamlet as well as all of the land surrounding Kinderhook Lake, extending east into the town of Chatham. The population of the CDP was 1,508 at the 2020 census.

History
Niverville was first settled by the Dutch; the first house was built circa 1707 by Louren Lourenson Van Alen, who obtained the Kinderhoeck Patent—a land grant—in 1629 from Jan Hendrickse DeBruyn, including the area now known as Niverville. Located within the hamlet, Kinderhook Lake—originally called Wogasawoochuk or "Big Fish Lake" by the Mohican early Native American inhabitants—provided fertile, peat-rich soil that supported numerous orchards and farms.

The Niver cousins—John Niver and John M. Niver—emigrated to the area from Germany in the early nineteenth century. They built the first gristmill for rye flour; their prosperity built the Niver mansion just across the bridge along County Route 28 in 1848. The hamlet was ultimately named "Niverville" after the prosperous Nivers, although it was long known as Kinderhook Station, after its Boston and Albany Railroad, and Kinderhook and Hudson Railroad turntable, built in 1841. The railroad restaurant known as the Van Hoesen House (not to be confused with the Jan Van Hoesen House some 20 miles south in Claverack) has since become the Niverville Pub, serving the area with live music entertainment on a regular schedule. In 1846, the Niverville Post Office was established with less than twenty business and residential addresses. Niverville's first park—Kinderhook Lake Park, aka The Old Park—was established in 1870 as a picnic and meeting place.

By 1899 the railroad trolleys were electrified and Niverville's Electric Park was founded along Kinderhook Lake. Lit by colored lights, the amusement park featured two Ferris wheels (one run by steam, the other by electricity), a carousel, a roller coaster, and other rides, as well as live vaudeville performances held in a dancing pavilion, an aquarium stocked with native fish, and a bathing beach alongside the lake's popular boating and fishing activities.

The Niverville Fire Department, established in 1916, is a central community hub serving Kinderhook Lake, residents of adjacent Chatham town along the eastern edge of the lake, and Niverville residents. The current firehouse sits on 13 acre of land purchased by the Fire Department in 1965. The department maintains an impressive collection of fire trucks—including a vintage 1935 Ford chassis with a Ward LaFrance fire engine body—which are put to use in local parades and festivities, including Niverville's Fourth of July fund raiser. The department also hosts an annual Halloween Parade and Party. The Ladies' Auxiliary of the Niverville Fire Department is an important and active community group who offer refreshments and assist members of the Fire Department in any way possible before/during and after emergency situations. In addition, the Ladies host dinners, banquets, and other fundraisers for the purchase of Fire Department equipment. The centennial anniversary of the founding of the Niverville Fire Department will be held in 2016.

Niverville is served by the nearby Valatie Free Library, a member of the Mid-Hudson Library System.

Geography
Niverville is located in the northeastern part of the town of Kinderhook at 42.44611°N, -73.65444°W (42.446211, -73.654549). The area listed by the U.S. Census as Niverville extends east into the town of Chatham so that it surrounds Kinderhook Lake. New York State Route 203 passes east of the hamlet proper and along the eastern shore of Kinderhook Lake, leading southwest 2 mi to Valatie and northeast 6 mi to Nassau.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the area has a total area of 8.9 km2, of which 7.4 km2 is land and 1.4 km2, or 15.94%, is water, primarily Kinderhook Lake. The lake is located along Valatie Kill, a southwestward-flowing tributary of Kinderhook Creek in the Hudson River Valley.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,662 people, 682 households, and 476 families residing in the hamlet. The population density was 486.01 PD/sqmi. There were 837 housing units at an average density of 290.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.27% White, 0.84% African American, 0.60% Asian, 0.06% Native American, 0.84% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.05% of the population.

Niverville median household income is $62,679 in 2006-2010 and has grown by 35.41% since 2000. The income growth rate is higher than the state average rate of 24.79% and is much higher than the national average rate of 19.17%. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,109. About 2.8% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

There were 682 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

title: Niverville, New York


text:
Stockport, New York

Stockport is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 2,670 at the 2020 census, down from 2,815 at the 2010 census.

Stockport is in the northwestern part of the county, along the Hudson River.

History
The region was settled around 1657 and the Staats House dates from this early period.

Stockport was created in 1833 from parts of the towns of Ghent and Stuyvesant and the city of Hudson. The Church of St. John the Evangelist was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.1 km2, of which 30.2 km2 is land and 3.9 km2, or 11.45%, is water.

The western town line is defined by the center of the Hudson River, which marks the border of Greene County. Stockport Creek is a tributary of the Hudson that is formed near the center of the town by the junction of Kinderhook and Claverack creeks.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,933 people, 1,116 households, and 805 families residing in the town. The population density was 251.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,204 housing units at an average density of 103.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.49% White, 1.60% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.44% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.81% of the population.

There were 1,116 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,107, and the median income for a family was $46,857. Males had a median income of $33,664 versus $25,959 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,137. About 10.0% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.4% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Stockport

 * Columbiaville – A hamlet near the geographic center of town, north of Stockport Creek on U.S. Route 9.
 * Rossman – A hamlet northeast of Columbiaville by Kinderhook Creek.
 * Stockport – The hamlet of Stockport is south of Stockport Creek on Route 9.
 * Stottville – A hamlet near the southern town line.

Stockport is served by two volunteer fire companies, the Stockport Volunteer Fire Co. No. 1 and the Stottville Volunteer Fire Co. No. 2.

Notable person

 * Jasper Holmes (1900–1986), US Navy Intelligence Analyst

title: Stockport, New York


text:
Stottville, New York

Stottville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,375 at the 2010 census.

Stottville is in the southern part of the town of Stockport, south of Stockport Creek, and in the northern section of the town of Greenport.

Geography
Stottville hamlet is located along Claverack Creek, a tributary of Stockport Creek, at 42.28528°N, -73.74806°W (42.285238, -73.747933). The Stottville CDP includes most of the southern part of the town of Stockport, as well as the northernmost part of the town of Greenport. It is bordered to the north by Stockport hamlet and to the south by Lorenz Park in Greenport. The Hudson River is to the west.

U.S. Route 9 runs through Stottville, leading south 3 mi to Hudson, the Columbia County seat, and north 9 mi to Kinderhook.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.1 sqmi, of which 4.1 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi  (0.48%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,355 people, 544 households, and 354 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 329.0 PD/sqmi. There were 582 housing units at an average density of 141.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.98% White, 1.70% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.59% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.14% of the population.

There were 544 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,696, and the median income for a family was $44,688. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $24,044 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,419. About 15.5% of families and 19.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Stottville, New York


text:
Stuyvesant, New York

Stuyvesant is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,931 at the 2020 census, down from 2,027 at the 2010 census. The town is in the northwest corner of Columbia County. U.S. Route 9 crosses the southeastern corner of the town.

History
Explorer Henry Hudson visited the region in 1609. The area, being next to the Hudson River, was settled before 1650. The town of Stuyvesant was established in 1823 from the town of Kinderhook.

The Requa House, R. and W. Scott Ice Company Powerhouse and Ice House Site, Stuyvesant Railroad Station, Johannis L. Van Alen Farm, and William A. Witbeck House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 69.3 km2, of which 64.8 km2 is land and 4.5 km2, or 6.53%, is water.

The western town line, marked by the center of the Hudson River, is the border of Greene County, and the northern town line is the border of Rensselaer County.

Kinderhook Creek passes through the southeastern part of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,188 people, 852 households, and 633 families residing in the town. The population density was 87.5 PD/sqmi. There were 929 housing units at an average density of 37.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.30% White, 1.10% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.

There were 852 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,904, and the median income for a family was $51,688. Males had a median income of $36,087 versus $27,097 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,314. About 2.5% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Stuyvesant

 * Poolsburg – A Hamlet on the north side of Stuyvesant

 * Newton Hook – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town, by the Hudson River. It was formerly called "Coxsackie Landing" because of the ferry connection to Coxsackie in Greene County across the Hudson River. The Lynch Hotel and James Lynch House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

 * Stuyvesant – The hamlet of Stuyvesant, formerly "Stuyvesant Landing" and "Kinderhook Landing", is near the western town line and the Hudson River.
 * Stuyvesant Falls – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town at a waterfall on Kinderhook Creek. Formerly known as "Glencadia". This hamlet has a different ZIP code: 12174. The Stuyvesant Falls Mill District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
 * Sunnyside – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town on Route 9.

title: Stuyvesant, New York


text:
Taghkanic, New York

Taghkanic is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The town is in the south-central part of the county. The population was 1,231, at the 2020 US census, down from 1,310 at the 2010 census. "Taghkanic" is an older spelling of "Taconic".

History
Settlement began before 1700, while the region was part of Livingston Manor. The town was formed from the town of Livingston in 1803 as the town of Granger.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 104.0 km2, of which 103.5 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.41%, is water. The town shares its name with Taghkanic Creek, a tributary of Claverack Creek, which runs through the town in a U shape from the northeastern corner to the northwestern corner. The town also shares its name with the Taghkanic or Taconic Mountains in the eastern section of the township.

The Taconic State Parkway passes through the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,118 people, 461 households, and 325 families residing in the town. The population density was 27.9 PD/sqmi. There were 713 housing units at an average density of 17.8 per square mile (6.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.48% white, 0.63% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.07% of the population.

There were 461 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $45,804, and the median income for a family was $51,908. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $27,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $29,850. About 6.9% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Taghkanic

 * Churchtown – a hamlet at the town line in the northeastern part of the town.
 * East Taghkanic – a hamlet in the eastern section of the town, southeast of Taghkanic hamlet.
 * Lake Taghkanic State Park – the northern part of the state park is at the southern town line.
 * New Forge – a hamlet in the southern part of the town. The House at New Forge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
 * Taghkanic – eponymous hamlet near the center of the town.
 * West Taghkanic – a hamlet southwest of Taghkanic hamlet. It was formerly called "Millers Corners" and "Laphams".

title: Taghkanic, New York


text:
Valatie, New York

Valatie is a village with several waterfalls in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,785 at the 2020 census. The village is at the center of the town of Kinderhook on US 9.

History

Valatie was first named Pachaquak, meaning "cleared meadow", by the earliest Native American settlers—Algonquian Mohicans—who lived along the banks of Valatie's two waterways now referred to as Valatie Kill and Kinderhook Creek.

Part of the original New Netherland, the first European settlers were the Dutch who settled Kinderhook around 1665, and named this area "Vaaltje", meaning "little falls". The first post office was established in 1832. By the early 19th century there were nine cotton mills in Valatje operating on power derived from the famous waterfalls; the village was incorporated in 1856. With a bustling Main Street, Valatie was considered the center of commerce in northern Columbia County throughout the 19th century.

The United States' first Santa Claus Club was founded in Valatie in 1946 by fifteen village veterans to provide holiday gifts for several critically ill children. Every Christmas Eve, a Santa travels throughout the village, personally visiting every child under age ten.

Geography
Valatie is located in the center of the Town of Kinderhook in northern Columbia County. It is part of the Hudson Valley region of New York State. It is 21 mi south of Albany, the state capital, and 15 mi northeast of Hudson.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.28 km2, of which 3.25 km2 is land and 0.03 km2, or 0.95%, is surface water. The village is located at the juncture of Valatie Kill with Kinderhook Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River. There are three waterfalls in the village, all along Main Street: Valatie Kill Falls/Wild's Falls, Little Falls Creek/Beaver Mill Falls, and Kinderhook Creek.

Nearby communities within the Town of Kinderhook

 * Niverville – A hamlet south of Kinderhook Lake on County Road 28 and New York State Route 203, 2 mi northeast of Valatie.
 * Kinderhook – A village on U.S. Route 9, 2 mi southwest of Valatie.

Demographics
As of the 2010 census, the total population of Valatie was 1,819. The population density was 1,388.3 PD/sqmi. There were 627 housing units at an average density of 508.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 93.84% White, 2.14% Native American, 1.37% African American, 0.49% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.23% of the population.

Valatie's median household income was $60,365 in 2006-2010 and has grown by 36.03% since 2000. The income growth rate is higher than the state average rate of 24.79% and nearly twice the national average rate of 19.17%. The per capita income for the village was $16,650. About 7.94% of families and 8.68% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over.

There were 584 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.6 males.

Arts and culture
A WinterWalk parade and festival is hosted annually in mid-December. The parade includes fire trucks and rescue vehicles, marching bands from the Ichabod Crane High School, Santa Claus riding in a sleigh, and marchers from the Girl Scouts, Cub Scouts, and the Valatie Free Library. Elves and marionettes march along with the vintage and new vehicles.

The First Presbyterian Church, Wild's Mill Complex, and Nathan Wild House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Valatie Free Library was begun in 1928 as a casual circulation of books. It was incorporated in 1931 and moved to a small 600 sqft 19th-century cottage.

Media

 * Haldane of the Secret Service (1924), directed by and starring Harry Houdini, was filmed at Beaver Kill Falls in Valatie.
 * Meskada (2009) was filmed partially in Valatie.

Notable people

 * Martin H. Glynn, 40th Governor of New York, from 1913 to 1914, was born in the Town of Kinderhook in 1871, and shortly thereafter moved with his family to Valatie, where his family operated Glynn Tavern on Main Street.
 * Virginia O'Hanlon, her 1897 letter to the New York Sun asking whether there really was a Santa Claus was the inspiration for the 1947 film, Miracle on 34th Street; the editorial response by the NY Sun to her letter has become one of the most popular holiday quotes, "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus". Virginia O'Hanlon Douglas retired and spent her final years in Valatie and is buried in the nearby village of Chatham.

title: Valatie, New York


text:
Cincinnatus, New York

Cincinnatus is a small town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 910 at the 2020 census. The town is named after the Roman general Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus. It is in the eastern part of the county and is east of the city of Cortland.

History
The region was part of the Central New York Military Tract used to pay soldiers of the American Revolution. One of the townships was named Cincinnatus. Members of the Oneida tribe persisted in the town during its early history.

The town was first settled circa 1795. It was one of the original six towns of Cortland County. The town was formed from the town of Solon in 1804. In 1818, Cincinnatus was split so that part of its territory was used to create the towns of Freetown, Willet, and Marathon.

Notable people

 * Charles G. Crosse, physician and legislator
 * Adelaide Hawley Cumming, vaudeville performer and living trademark for General Mills
 * Jeremiah W. Dwight, former US congressman
 * Amos E. Germer, lawyer and legislator
 * Vera Gushee, astronomer, professor at Smith College
 * Elmer Ambrose Sperry, inventor
 * John Sterling Kingsley, professor of biology and zoology
 * Spiegle Willcox, jazz trombonist
 * Earl Rumsey Durand, Jr, Well-known Artist and Sculptor

Historic district
The Cincinnatus Historic District, consisting of 14 properties, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
 * Town of Cincinnatus Historical Sites

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 66.0 km2, of which 65.7 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.51%, is water.

The eastern town line is the border of Chenango County.

The Otselic River valley is central to the town; the river is part of the Susquehanna River watershed.

New York State Route 26 is a north-south highway in Cincinnatus, which conjoins New York State Route 41 near the town center. New York State Route 23 intersects NY-26 south of Cincinnatus village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,051 people, 418 households, and 282 families residing in the town. The population density was 41.3 PD/sqmi. There were 453 housing units at an average density of 17.8 per square mile (6.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.00% White, 0.19% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.29% from other races, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.

There were 418 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,014, and the median income for a family was $44,375. Males had a median income of $27,222 versus $21,304 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,345. About 4.5% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Cincinnatus

 * Cincinnatus – The hamlet of Cincinnatus is in the northeastern part of the town on NY-26 along the Otselic River.
 * Gee Brook – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on NY Route 26.
 * Lower Cincinnatus – A hamlet south of Cincinnatus village on NY-23.
 * Taylor – A hamlet by the town line in the northeastern section of the town on NY-26.

title: Cincinnatus, New York


text:
Cortland, New York

Cortland is a city and the county seat of Cortland County, New York, United States. Known as the Crown City, Cortland is in New York's Southern Tier region. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 17,556.

The city of Cortland, near the county's western border, is surrounded by the town of Cortlandville.

History
The city is within the former Central New York Military Tract. It is named after Pierre Van Cortlandt, the first lieutenant governor of New York.

Cortland, settled in 1791, was made a village in 1853 (rechartered in 1864), and incorporated in 1900 as New York's 41st city. When the county was formed in 1808, Cortland vied with other villages to become the county seat. Known as the "Crown City" because of its location on a plain formed by the convergence of seven valleys, Cortland is 1130 ft above sea level. Forty stars representing the 40 cities incorporated before Cortland circle the State of New York and Crown on the city's official seal. The seven points of the crown represent the seven valleys surrounding Cortland. The 41st star in the center of the crown illustrates Cortland as the incorporated city closest to New York's geographic center.

Cortland's leading industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the Wickwire Brothers wire-drawing mill, noted for its production of wire hardware cloth for use as window screens. The extent of the Wickwires' wealth is demonstrated in the two magnificent mansions they commissioned. The Victorian Chateauesque-style home of Chester Wickwire is now operated as the 1890 House Museum & Center for Victorian Arts. Charles Wickwire's 1912 home is now owned and operated by the SUNY Cortland Alumni Association. It is open to the public and used by the Alumni Association to host college-related events and house visiting dignitaries.

Cortland was also the location of Brockway Motor Company, a pioneering truck maker. Begun in 1875 as Brockway Carriage Works, it was taken over by Mack Trucks in 1956 and survived until 1977. The city continues to host an annual show of Brockway trucks.

From 1960 to 1992, Smith Corona typewriters were manufactured in Cortland.

Cortland boasts a classic octagon house. The Cortland Rural Cemetery is styled as a garden setting and is still in operation.

In 1868, Cortland became the home of the Cortland Normal School, which gradually developed into a four-year college. With graduate programs and research capacity, it has expanded into the State University of New York at Cortland.

In 2006, Cortland's historic clock tower burned down. It was later rebuilt, with spaces in the building for both businesses and apartments.

The Cortland County Courthouse, Cortland County Poor Farm, Cortland Fire Headquarters, Cortland Free Library, First Presbyterian Church Complex, William J. Greenman House, Randall Farm, Tompkins Street Historic District, Unitarian Universalist Church, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Carl Carmer, author
 * Charles Henry De Groat, Union Army brigadier general
 * William Dillon, composer, lyricist, and vaudevillian
 * Ronnie James Dio, former frontman for Rainbow and Black Sabbath; street in Cortland is named for him (Dio Way)
 * Nancy Duffy, Syracuse news personality and founder of the Syracuse St. Patrick's Day Parade
 * Katharine May Edwards, Wellesley College professor and classics scholar

 * Col. Arnald Gabriel, Commander and Conductor of US Air Force Band, US Air Force Symphony Orchestra, and Singing Sergeants.
 * Chester Gillette, convicted of the 1906 murder of Grace Brown of Cortland, his girlfriend, in highly publicized and controversial trial; executed in 1908.
 * Milo Goodrich, former US congressman.
 * Charles W. Goodyear, businessman and railroad owner.
 * Leidy Klotz, retired soccer player; professor, author.
 * Jim Mahady, former Baseball second baseman for the New York Giants.
 * Dennis Mepham, retired soccer player.
 * Nathan Lewis Miller, former governor of New York.
 * Gideon C. Moody, former senator of South Dakota.
 * Mark Nauseef, musician.
 * Alton B. Parker, Democratic candidate for president in 1904.

 * Sime Silverman, publisher.
 * Eric Soderholm, former professional baseball player.

 * Elmer Ambrose Sperry, inventor of gyroscopic compass who held over 400 patents; USS Sperry is named after him.
 * Aljamain Sterling, Current UFC bantamweight champion, MMA fighter.
 * Joel Eric Suben, composer and conductor.
 * Raymond Gram Swing, journalist.
 * Samuel Ringgold Ward, African-American who escaped enslavement to become an abolitionist, newspaper editor and Congregational minister.

 * Spiegle Willcox, jazz trombone player, composer, and singer.
 * Gary Wood, NFL quarterback.

Geography
Cortland is in west-central Cortland County at 42.60056°N, -76.18139°W (42.600658, −76.181284). Cortland lies between Syracuse and Binghamton; it is surrounded by the town of Cortlandville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 10.14 km2, of which 10.09 km2 is land and 0.05 km2, or 0.51%, is water.

The Tioughnioga River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, flows southward past the city.

Roads and highways
Interstate 81, U.S. Route 11, and New York State Route 281 are north-south highways servicing the city. New York State Route 13 and New York State Route 41 also serve the city. Via I-81 it is 40 mi north to Syracuse and 40 mi south to Binghamton. NY-13 leads southwest 18 mi to Ithaca.

Bus
Local public transportation by bus is provided by Cortland Transit. Greyhound and Trailways of New York provide the city with intercity bus service with connections to Syracuse, Binghamton, and points beyond. OurBus connects Cortland to Binghamton, New York City, and other destinations. The closest Amtrak train station is in Syracuse.

Air
Air service is provided by Cortland County Airport located west of the city. The nearest commercial airport is Ithaca Tompkins International Airport.

Climate
Cortland has a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfb), with cold, snowy winters and warm summers.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,740 people, 6,922 households, and 3,454 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,778.6 PD/sqmi. There were 7,550 housing units at an average density of 1,925.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.72% White, 1.56% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.72% of the population.

There were 6,922 households, out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.1% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.3% under the age of 18, 28.4% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,478, and the median income for a family was $39,167. Males had a median income of $29,857 versus $21,614 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,267. About 13.9% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.8% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2015 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Cortland, New York were:
 * English - 15.6%
 * Irish - 10.8%
 * Italian - 9.7%
 * German - 8.4%
 * "American" - 5.7%
 * Dutch - 2.2%
 * Scottish - 2.1%
 * French (except Basque) - 1.8%
 * Polish - 1.8%

Government
Cortland's government consists of a mayor, who is elected at large, and an eight-member city council. One member is elected from each of the eight voting wards. As of January 2022, the mayor was Mayor Scott Steve and the eight alderpersons that comprise the city's Common Council are:

The City Clerk is Andy Jewett. The City Attorney is A.J. Meldrim.
 * Wayne Schutt, First Ward
 * Kathryn Silliman, Second Ward
 * Mary Clare Pennello, Third Ward
 * Pat Lane, Fourth Ward
 * Seth Thompson, Fifth Ward
 * Bill Carpenter, Sixth Ward
 * Troy Beckwith, Seventh Ward
 * Thomas Michales, Eighth Ward

Sports
In 2009, the New York Jets' training camp was moved from Hofstra University in Hempstead to the SUNY Cortland campus. The camp drew in 34,000 visitors and brought nearly $4.26 million to the local economy. In 2010, the Jets signed a three-year contract with SUNY Cortland. In 2015, they moved back to their own facility in Florham Park, New Jersey.

title: Cortland, New York


text:
Cortland West, New York

Cortland West is a census-designated place and region in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 1,356 at the 2010 census.

The area known as Cortland West is in the town of Cortlandville, on the west side of the city of Cortland.

Geography
Cortland West is located at 42.59164°N, -76.22002°W. It is bordered to the east by the city of Cortland, to the south by unincorporated Munsons Corners, to the west by the town of Groton in Tompkins County, and to the north by rural parts of the town of Cortlandville.

New York State Route 222 passes through the center of the Cortland West area, leading east into Cortland city and west 8 mi to Groton village. NY-281 crosses NY-222 in the eastern part of Cortland West, leading north 2.5 mi to the village of Homer and south into Munsons Corners, where it ends at NY-13. Cortland County Airport, serving the Cortland region, is located in the eastern part of the CDP.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Cortland West CDP has a total area of 13.4 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,345 people, 491 households, and 400 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 258.3 PD/sqmi. There were 508 housing units at an average density of 97.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.43% White, 0.67% African American, 0.07% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 0.45% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.

There were 491 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.1% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 13.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 31.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,057, and the median income for a family was $52,131. Males had a median income of $41,115 versus $30,263 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,666. About 4.0% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Cortland West, New York


text:
Cortlandville, New York

Cortlandville is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 8,509 at the 2010 census.

Cortlandville surrounds the city of Cortland and is at the western border of the county.

History
The town is in the former Central New York Military Tract.

The area was first settled in 1792 at Lorings Corners. In 1829, the town was taken from the south part of the town of Homer. The town was increased by additional land from the town of Virgil in 1845.

In 1853, the village of Cortland (the present city of Cortland) was incorporated as a village, and was reincorporated in 1864.

New York authorized a normal school (now State University of New York at Cortland) to be erected in the region in 1866.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Cortlandville has a total area of 129.2 km2, of which 128.8 km2 is land and 0.5 km2, or 0.36%, is water.

The Tioughnioga River flows southward through the town and is part of the Susquehanna River watershed. The western town line is the border of Tompkins County.

Interstate 81, U.S. Route 11, and New York State Route 281 are north-south highways. New York State Route 41 and New York State Route 222 are east-west highways, but NY-41 turns northward from Cortland. New York State Route 13 is a northeast-southwest highway.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,919 people, 3,166 households, and 2,168 families residing in the town. The population density was 159.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3,431 housing units at an average density of 68.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.93% White, 0.40% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population.

There were 3,166 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,458, and the median income for a family was $46,888. Males had a median income of $31,530 versus $23,984 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,887. About 8.2% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Cortlandville

 * Blodgett Mills – a hamlet and census-designated place in the southeast corner of the town on US-11
 * Camp Tioughnioga – a location northwest of Cortland
 * Cortland – the city of Cortland is separate from but surrounded by Cortlandville
 * Cortland County Airport, Chase Field (N03) – an airport west of the city that serves the city and the local area. It is north of the intersection of NY-222 and NY-281
 * Cortland West – a census-designated place on the western side of the town
 * Gracie – a hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town
 * Homer – the village of Homer is primarily to the north in the town of Homer, on US-11, but a small portion extends south into Cortlandville
 * Loring Crossing – a hamlet near the northern town line and northeast of Cortland
 * McGraw – the village of McGraw is in the eastern part of town on NY-41
 * Munsons Corners – a hamlet and census-designated place on the southwestern border of the city of Cortland, located on NY-13
 * South Cortland – a hamlet southwest of Cortland on NY-13

title: Cortlandville, New York


text:
Cuyler, New York

Cuyler is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 908 at the 2020 census.

The town is in the northeastern corner of Cortland County and is northeast of the city of Cortland.

History
Cuyler was in the former Central New York Military Tract. The area was first settled circa 1794. The town was formed from part of the town of Truxton in 1858. In 1865, the population of the town was 1,447.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 112.7 km2, of which 0.08 sqkm, or 0.07%, is water.

The northern town line is the border of Onondaga County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Madison and Chenango counties.

The East Branch of the Tioughnioga River flows southwest through the town. The entire town is within the watershed of the Susquehanna River.

New York State Route 13 is a northeast-southwest highway in Cuyler.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 908 people, 306 households in the town. The population density was 23.8 people per square mile (9.2/km2). There were 406 housing units at an average density of 9.3 per square mile (3.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92% White, 0.4% Native American, 2.0% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population. There are zero Asians or African Americans living in Cuyler as of the 2020 census.

There were 306 households, of which 51.3% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 24.2% had a male householder with no spouse present. The average household size was 2.97.

In the town, the population is spread out, with 7.2% under the age of 5, 15.7% from 5 to 17, 58.9% from 18 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older.

The median income for a household in the town was $70,323. 15.9% of the population is below the poverty line, including 25.1% of those under age 18.

Communities and locations in Cuyler

 * Cowles Settlement – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town by the town line.
 * Cuyler – The hamlet of Cuyler on Route 13.
 * Cuyler Hill – A hamlet southeast of Cuyler village.
 * Keeney – A hamlet near the northern town line, north of Tripoli. The community was once known as "Keeney Settlement."
 * New Boston – A hamlet in the southern part of the town.
 * Tripoli – A hamlet northwest of Cuyler village.

title: Cuyler, New York


text:
Freetown, New York

Freetown is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 757 at the 2010 census. Freetown is in the southeastern part of the county and is southeast of Cortland.

History
Freetown was in the former Central New York Military Tract within a tract township called "Cincinnatus".

The region was first settled circa 1800.

Freetown was formed from part of the town of Cincinnatus in 1818. In 1820, the town was increased in size by an addition from the town of Virgil.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Freetown has a total area of 66.4 km2, of which 66.0 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.55%, is water.

New York State Route 41 crosses the northeastern part of Freetown. The town drains to the Otselic River to the east and the Tioughnioga River to the west, but both rivers are outside the town boundaries. The entire town is part of the Susquehanna River watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 789 people, 267 households, and 206 families residing in the town. The population density was 30.9 PD/sqmi. There were 321 housing units at an average density of 12.6 per square mile (4.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.35% White, 0.13% African American, 0.13% Native American, and 1.39% from two or more races.

There were 267 households, out of which 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.8% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 14.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,327, and the median income for a family was $36,477. Males had a median income of $26,339 versus $14,946 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,969. About 10.0% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Freetown

 * East Freetown – a hamlet on NY Route 41 in the northeastern part of the town
 * Freetown Corners – a hamlet near the center of the town
 * Galatia – a hamlet at the southern town line, south of Freetown Corners
 * Texas Valley – a hamlet near the southeastern part of the town at the town line

title: Freetown, New York


text:
Harford, New York

Harford is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 943 at the 2010 census. Harford is in the southwestern corner of Cortland County and is south of Cortland.

History
Harford was in the former Central New York Military Tract in a tract called "Virgil". The area was first settled circa 1803.

The town was established in 1845 from part of the town of Virgil. By 1865, the population was 888.

In the 1970s, Cornell University bought extensive tracts of land for livestock research.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 62.6 km2, of which 0.06 sqkm, or 0.09%, is water.

The western town line is the border of Tompkins County, and the southern town boundary is the border of Tioga County.

New York State Route 38 runs diagonally across the southwestern corner of Harford. New York State Route 200 intersects New York State Route 221 east of Harford village.

The East Branch of Owego Creek, part of the Susquehanna River watershed, flows southward through the town. The northwest corner of the town drains northward to Virgil Creek, a tributary of Fall Creek, which flows west to Cayuga Lake in Ithaca and is thus part of the Lake Ontario watershed. Because of the steep hills in the north of the town, the larger settlements are in the south part.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 920 people, 341 households, and 246 families residing in the town. The population density was 38.1 PD/sqmi. There were 363 housing units at an average density of 15.0 per square mile (5.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.72% White, 1.30% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.11% Asian, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.22% of the population.

There were 341 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.0% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $41,111. Males had a median income of $29,044 versus $20,673 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,346. About 6.0% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Harford

 * Griggs Gulf – a small valley north of Harford Mills
 * Harford – the hamlet of Harford, located on NY Route 38, is in the southwestern part of the town
 * Harford Mills (formerly "South Harford") – a hamlet, southeast of Harford village, near the southern town line

title: Harford, New York


text:
Lapeer, New York

Lapeer is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 767 at the 2010 census. Lapeer is on the southern border of Cortland County and is south of the city of Cortland.

History
The town was within the Central New York Military Tract.

The first outside settler arrived around 1799. His name was Primus Grant, a Black man from Guiana. He is buried on a bluff overlooking a stream known as "Big Brook". Unfortunately, little is known of him, his family, how he arrived in the area, or his history.

Lapeer was formed from the town of Virgil in 1845.

Lapeer is a dry town, meaning the consumption and possession of alcohol within the boundaries of the community is prohibited.

The Stage Coach Inn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 65.2 km2, of which 64.9 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.57%, is water.

The south town line is the border of Tioga and Broome counties.

The Tioughnioga River, Interstate 81, and U.S. Route 11 all pass across the northeastern corner of Lapeer. New York State Route 221 is an east-west highway in the town.

The eastern half of the town drains east and south to the Tioughnioga River, while the western half drains west and south to the East Branch of Owego Creek. Both waterways are part of the Susquehanna River watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 686 people, 245 households, and 188 families residing in the town. The population density was 27.4 PD/sqmi. There were 269 housing units at an average density of 10.7 per square mile (4.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.25% White, 0.29% Native American, 0.44% Asian, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.15% of the population.

There were 245 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,250, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $21,397 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,484. About 11.1% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Lapeer

 * Beaver Pond – A small lake at the southern town line.
 * Hunts Corners – A hamlet on NY-221, situated south of Lapeer village.
 * Lapeer – The hamlet of Lapeer is near the town center.
 * Lapeer Church – A location north of Lapeer village.
 * Quail Hollow – A small valley in the western part of Lapeer.

title: Lapeer, New York


text:
McGraw, New York

McGraw is a village in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 972 as of the 2020 census. The village is named after Samuel McGraw and is in the eastern part of the town of Cortlandville, east of the city of Cortland.

History
The community was first settled in 1805 by Samuel McGraw, who came with his wife and family from Vermont. He built a log cabin (no longer standing) and was followed by Jonathan Taylor and a handful of other New Englanders. McGrawville, as the settlement later came to be known, grew up on either side of the road near McGraw's initial homestead, taking advantage of water power on the adjacent Trout Brook to drive an early grist mill (1812) and a sawmill. An ashery was established at an early date to profit from the clearing of new farmlands in the surrounding area, and in 1818, the hamlet acquired its first store. In 1823, a cemetery was established within the boundary of the Main Street Historic District, and, by 1830, ten houses had been built within the small settlement."

Originally it was called McGrawville, and that name appears on an 1855 map, but it was officially incorporated as McGraw in 1869. (There is a hamlet McGrawville further west in Allegany County, New York.) In the 19th century the community styled itself as "Corset City" for several decades of corset manufacturing. P.H. McGraw & Son produced corsets in the 1880s until mismanagement of an unrelated produce business led them to sell their interests to the Warner Bros. of New York, later known as the Warnaco Group. The factory was reopened and incorporated as the McGraw Corset Company in 1890 and employed over 400 men and women in the area. In 1901, William J. Buchanan, a former employee of both the P.H. McGraw & Son and McGraw Corset Company, founded the Empire Corset Company. The Empire Corset Company was known for the “Never Rust” corset, the “Sorosis” and the “Reduzyou” styles, and sold internationally. They employed 215 women and 35 men. In 1910 the company manufactured one hundred thousand dozen corsets. The McGraw Corset Company was the largest industry in the area, employing over 400 men and women in the factory and, additionally, providing women in the area piece work to do in their homes. Simultaneously, the village was home to the Vesta Corset Company and the Miller Corset Company.

The village was home to New-York Central College, McGrawville, an institution of higher learning founded by Free Baptists in 1849. The college was notable because it was the first college in the United States founded to accept all students, including both women and African Americans. About half of its students were African American. The college also employed three black professors, the first time in the United States where black professors taught white students. A smallpox epidemic, along with social and political opposition and financial problems, brought about the college's closure in 1859 or 1860.

In 1852, the village had "some five or six stores, one tavern, and three churches".

The Main Street Historic District and Presbyterian Church of McGraw are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
McGraw is located at 42.59444°N, -76.09278°W (42.594547, -76.092899). State Route 41 runs through the village, leading west 2 mi to Interstate 81 and U.S. Route 11. Downtown Cortland is a further 2 mi to the west. NY 41 leads east 4 mi to the hamlet of Solon.

According to the United States Census Bureau, McGraw has a total area of 2.56 km2, all land.

The village is in the valley of Trout Brook, east of the Tioughnioga River and part of the Susquehanna River watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,000 people, 382 households, and 270 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,015.7 PD/sqmi. There were 444 housing units at an average density of 451.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.20% White, 0.20% African American, 0.80% Native American, 0.20% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.

As of the census of 2000 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in McGraw were: English at 31%, German at 13%, Irish at 12%, Dutch at 7%, Italian at 6%, French at 6%, Polish at 4%, Scottish at 1%, Scotch-Irish at 1%, Welsh at 1%, Greek at 1%, American Indian tribes, specified at 1% and Portuguese at 1%

There were 382 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $38,654. Males had a median income of $27,361 versus $22,063 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,076. About 9.8% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over. The top 5 ethnic groups in McGraw are.· English at 31%, Germans at 13%, Irish at 12%, Dutch at 7% and Italians at 6%.

Notable people

 * Reuben G. Doud, Wisconsin businessman and legislator, born in McGraw
 * Angeline Stickney Hall, American suffragist, abolitionist, and mathematician who taught at New-York Central College. Among her students was her eventual husband, astronomer Asaph Hall. The largest crater on Phobos is named for her.
 * Asaph Hall, American astronomer who discovered the Mars satellites Phobos and Deimos, graduated from New-York Central College.
 * Daniel Scott Lamont (February 9, 1851 – July 23, 1905), United States Secretary of War during Grover Cleveland's second term.
 * Abram Pryne, Congregational minister, editor of the Central Reporter, an abolitionist newspaper published in McGrawville. Most famous for debating William G. Brownlow, a pro-slavery Tennessee newspaper editor and later governor, on slavery in Philadelphia in 1858; the debate was published. Member of the State Assembly in the 85th New York State Legislature in 1862, representing Wayne County.
 * New-York Central College was the alma mater of Charles L. Reason, educator.

title: McGraw, New York


text:
Maraca

A maraca, sometimes called shaker or chac-chac, is a rattle which appears in many genres of Caribbean and Latin music. It is shaken by a handle and usually played as part of a pair.

Maracas (from Guaraní mbaracás), also known as tamaracas, were rattles of divination, an oracle of the Brazilian Tupinamba people, found also with other Indigenous ethnic groups, such as the Guarani, Orinoco and in Florida. Rattles made from Lagenaria gourds are being shaken by the natural grip, while the round Crescentia calabash fruits are fitted to a handle. Human hair is sometimes fastened on the top, and a slit is cut in it to represent a mouth, through which their shamans (payes) made it utter its responses. A few pebbles are inserted to make it rattle and it is crowned with the red feathers of the guarás (scarlet ibis). It was used at their dances and to heal the sick. Andean curanderos (healers) use maracas in their healing rites.

Modern maraca balls are also made of leather, wood or plastic.

A maraca player in Spanish is a maraquero.

title: Maraca


text:
Munsons Corners, New York

Munsons Corners is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 2,728 at the 2010 census.

Munsons Corners is a community in the town of Cortlandville at the southwest border of the city of Cortland.

Geography
Munsons Corners is located in the western part of the town of Cortlandville at 42.58139°N, -76.20806°W (42.581271, -76.208178). It is bordered to the northeast by the city of Cortland and to the northwest by the area of Cortlandville listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as "Cortland West".

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Munsons Corners CDP has a total area of 5.8 km2, of which 0.02 km2, or 0.43%, is water.

The junction of New York State Route 13 and New York State Route 281 is in the western part of the community. NY-13 leads northeast into Cortland and southwest 21 mi to Ithaca, while NY-281 leads north 5 mi to the village of Homer.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,426 people, 1,078 households, and 597 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,079.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,184 housing units at an average density of 526.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.88% White, 0.62% African American, 0.12% Native American, 1.11% Asian, 0.33% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.32% of the population.

There were 1,078 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.6% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.72.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 19.2% under the age of 18, 16.4% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $27,222, and the median income for a family was $31,983. Males had a median income of $26,429 versus $19,865 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,640. About 14.7% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Munsons Corners, New York


text:
Preble, New York

Preble is a town in Cortland County, New York, United States. The population was 1,357 at the 2020 census, down from 1,393 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Commodore Edward Preble, a naval hero.

Preble is on the northern border of Cortland County and is north of the city of Cortland.

History
Preble is within the former Central New York Military Tract. The land was first settled around 1796.

The town of Preble was organized in 1808, the year Cortland County was formed, from the town of Tully (now in Onondaga County). Preble was one of the original towns of the county when it was formed. The town was reduced in size by the later formation of the town of Scott.

In 1865, the town's population was 1,267.

The First Presbyterian Church and Little York Pavilion are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Preble has a total area of 71.4 km2, of which 69.5 km2 is land and 1.9 km2, or 2.59%, is water.

Interstate 81, U.S. Route 11, and New York State Route 281 extend north–south through the town. The West Branch of the Tioughnioga River flows southward through the town past the previously mentioned highways. Via this river, most of the town is part of the Susquehanna River watershed. The northwestern corner of the town, however, drains northwest via Bennett Hollow to Otisco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes and part of the Lake Ontario watershed.

The northern town line is the border of Onondaga County (Tully).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,582 people, 615 households, and 437 families residing in the town. The population density was 58.7 PD/sqmi. There were 703 housing units at an average density of 26.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.85% White, 0.70% African American, 0.70% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44% of the population.

There were 615 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,908, and the median income for a family was $45,789. Males had a median income of $33,333 versus $25,109 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,983. About 5.2% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Preble

 * Baltimore  – A hamlet east of Preble village, located on US-11.
 * Cummings Crossing – A hamlet on Route 11 by the northern town line.
 * Goodale Lake – A small lake by the southern town line.
 * Preble – The hamlet of Preble, located west of Interstate 81.
 * Slab City – A hamlet on US-11, southeast of Preble village.
 * Song Lake – A small lake by the north town and county lines, southwest of Tully Lake.
 * Song Mountain – A small mountain located along the northern town and county lines.
 * Tully Lake – A lake at the northern town line and partly in the town.
 * Upper Little York Lake – A small lake west of Goodale Lake.

title: Preble, New York