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Marysville, California

Marysville is a city and the county seat of Yuba County, California, located in the Gold Country region of Northern California. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 12,072, reflecting a decrease of 196 from the 12,268 counted in the 2000 Census. It is part of the Yuba-Sutter area of Greater Sacramento.

History

Marysville is located on the ancestral land of the Maidu, who occupied the area for 10,000 years prior to the arrival of Jedediah Smith and trappers from the Hudson Bay Company in 1828, who were the first non-natives to explore the area. Spanish and Mexican explorers never reached that far north on the Feather River. In 1843, John Sutter leased part of his Rancho New Helvetia land to Theodore Cordua, a native of Mecklenburg in Germany, who raised livestock, and in 1843 built a home and trading post he called New Mecklenburg. The trading post and home was situated at what would later become the southern end of 'D' Street, Marysville's main street. In 1844, the Mexican government granted Cordua his own land grant, Rancho Honcut.

In 1848, Charles Covillaud, a former employee of Cordua, discovered riches in the gold fields and bought half of the Cordua ranch. In January 1849, Michael C. Nye and William Foster, brothers-in-law of Covillaud's wife, Mary Murphy, a survivor of the Donner Party, bought the other half of the Cordua ranch. They later sold their interest to Covillaud. In October of the same year, Covillaud sold most of the ranch to Jose Ramirez, John Sampson, and Theodore Sicard. During the Gold Rush, the ranch became a stopping point for the riverboats from Sacramento and San Francisco that brought prospectors to the digging grounds. Even today a sign on the roadside as one enters Marysville describes it as the "Gateway to The Gold Fields."

In 1850, Covillaud, Ramirez, Sampson, and Sicard hired Augustus Le Plongeon, a French surveyor, to create a plan for a town called Jubaville, later called Yubaville. Stephen J. Field, a newly relocated attorney, purchased 65 lots of land and drew up proper deeds for land being sold. Then, after just three days in the mining camp, he accepted the nomination to run for alcalde, a Mexican official, which combined the duties of a mayor and justice of the peace, in a new government that was being formed. On January 18, 1850, Field defeated his rival, who had been in town just six days, and a town council was elected. That night, the townsfolk decided to name the new town Marysville after Charles Covillaud's wife, Mary Murphy Covillaud, the former wife of William Johnson of Johnson's Ranch, and one of the surviving members of the Donner Party. After Marysville was incorporated by the new California Legislature, the first mayor was elected in 1851. Field went on to become one of the longest sitting members of the United States Supreme Court.

A post office was established at Marysville in 1851. By 1853, the tent city had been replaced by brick buildings. In addition to the brick merchant buildings, Marysville had developed mills, iron works, factories, machine shops, schools, churches and two daily newspapers. The population was almost 10,000. By 1857, Marysville had become one of the largest cities in California, due to its strategic location. Over $10 million in gold was shipped from the banks in Marysville to the U.S. Mint in San Francisco. The city's founders imagined Marysville becoming "The New York of the Pacific."

Debris loosed by hydraulic mining above Marysville raised the riverbeds of both the Feather and the Yuba Rivers and rendered the city vulnerable to flooding during winter storms and spring run-offs. The city built a levee system that is still maintained today. The levee system sealed the city off and has made additional city growth virtually impossible; as such the population has not increased much since their construction and Marysville is known as "California's Oldest 'Little' City." The hydraulic mining debris choked the Feather River and soon the riverboats could not make the trip to Marysville.

Marysville was home to a significant Chinese American community beginning in the 1850s. While many Chinese were driven forcibly from their homes throughout California between 1870 and 1900, Marysville became a place of refuge for them and was one of the few Chinatowns in the state that did not experience violence. The Chinese Bok Kai Temple claims to be the oldest continually operating Taoist temple in America, and a Chinese New Year festival has been celebrated in Marysville since 1880. The historical importance of Marysville to the Chinese-American community has been imprinted in its language. In Cantonese, Marysville is known as Sahm Fou (三埠, Third City); Sacramento Yee Fou (二埠, Second City); and San Francisco Dai Fou (大埠, The Big City).

There was also an active Jewish merchant community in Marysville from the Gold Rush era through the early years of the twentieth century. Nathan Schneider established Schneider's Clothing in 1862, it was advertised as "the Home of Values", and it existed until the late 1980s. Isaac and Simon Glazier ran the Old Corner Cigar Store from 1851 to 1862, when they moved to San Francisco. J.H. Marcuse founded the Western and Palace Cigar Store. Philip Brown advertised himself as "Marysville's leading tailor, pants made to order from $4.00 up and P. Brown's specialty, White Labor Overall." Union Lumber, established in 1852 by W.K. Hudson and Samuel Harryman, was later purchased by bookkeeper H.J. Cheim, and is still owned by the Cheim family.

In 2010, the Marysville City Council made a decision to sell a portion of Washington Square Park for development of a commercial shopping center, part of an effort to increase tax revenue. This came after the city won a costly legal battle brought on by the Citizens to Preserve Marysville's Parks, a group of citizens opposed to development in the city's green spaces. A mitigation measure to offset the loss of city green space is technically within city limits, but falls outside the city's levee ring.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.6 sqmi, of which, 3.5 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (3.36%) is water.

Flooding has been a major concern for the city for many years.

Marysville is 40 miles north of Sacramento and located in the Sacramento Valley. The city is bordered on the south and east by the Yuba River and the west by the Feather River, with the two rivers converging just southwest of the city. In years of significant snow runoff from the nearby Sierra Nevada range or heavy rain from winter storms, these two rivers pose a serious flooding risk to the city.

Climate
Marysville has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), which has mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. January is usually the wettest month; July the driest and hottest. The wet season starts from mid-October and ends in mid-April when the region sees frequent rain and is usually under the tule fog. Heavy rain or too much mountain snow from winter storms can cause major flooding in the spring. Snow is rare in the valley, but cold waves from the north bring some light snow and ice. Spring is wet in the beginning but becomes drier and warmer as summer months approach. April is the wettest spring month. May has some rain, but usually from thunderstorms rather than winter storms. Spring orchards and fields become filled with flowers and tree blossoms during this time. June-to-September is the dry and hot season. Rain usually doesn't fall at all, except from very rare southwest monsoon thunderstorms. July and August are the hottest months when temperatures reach the upper 90s. The delta breeze, which comes from the Bay Area on summer nights, helps cool temperatures and add humidity. At times this delta breeze is strong enough to bring coastal fog inland to the Sacramento Valley. Autumn starts out warm but begins to become cooler, wetter, and foggier. From September to mid October temperatures begin to cool down rapidly bringing rain and fog. Rain and fog become more frequent from mid-October into November.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Marysville had a population of 12,072. The population density was 3,367.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Marysville was
 * 8,576 (71.0%) White,
 * 522 (4.3%) African American,
 * 298 (2.5%) Native American,
 * 498 (4.1%) Asian,
 * 38 (0.3%) Pacific Islander,
 * 1,247 (10.3%) from other races, and
 * 893 (7.4%) from two or more races.
 * Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,920 persons (24.2%).

The Census reported that 11,402 people (94.4% of the population) lived in households, 145 (1.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 525 (4.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 4,668 households, out of which 1,571 (33.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,551 (33.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 836 (17.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 318 (6.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 453 (9.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 35 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,606 households (34.4%) were made up of individuals, and 579 (12.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44. There were 2,705 families (57.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.14.

The population was spread out, with 3,032 people (25.1%) under the age of 18, 1,569 people (13.0%) aged 18 to 24, 3,158 people (26.2%) aged 25 to 44, 2,860 people (23.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,453 people (12.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.

There were 5,196 housing units at an average density of 1,449.6 /sqmi, of which 1,828 (39.2%) were owner-occupied, and 2,840 (60.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 10.2%. 4,571 people (37.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 6,831 people (56.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,268 people, 4,687 households, and 2,826 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,501.1 PD/sqmi. There were 4,999 housing units at an average density of 1,426.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 71.0% White, 4.8% African American, 2.3% Native American, 6.0% Asian (including many Hmong people), 0.2% Pacific Islander, 10.1% from other races, and 5.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.5% of the population.

There were 4,687 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.8% were married couples living together, 15.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.14.

The population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,494, and the median income for a family was $33,474. Males had a median income of $27,630 versus $20,240 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,315. About 15.2% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.9% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Municipal policies for the City of Marysville are decided by a five-member city council. Council meetings are held on the first and third Tuesdays of the month at 6 PM in city hall. City council members serve four-year terms.

As of 2020, the council consisted of Mayor Chris Branscum, Vice-Mayor Bruce Buttacavoli, Brad Hudson, Stuart Gilchrist, and Dominique Belza.

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Marysville is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Marysville is in.

Education
Marysville is served by Marysville Joint Unified School District for its public school system. It has five high schools: Marysville High, Lindhurst High School, Yuba County Career Preparatory Charter School (which is home to the award-winning Automotive Academy), Marysville Charter Academy for the Arts, and Abraham Lincoln Home School.

The city is home to the county's only brick and mortar library of the Yuba County Library system. W.T. Ellis High School was closed June 30, 1993

Yuba College, a public community college, is located in nearby Linda.

Media
The Appeal-Democrat is a newspaper located in Marysville, and serves the Yuba-Sutter Area. The Territorial Dispatch is small weekly free paper. The Sacramento Bee is also widely sold in the city.

Marysville is the setting for Tom Waits' song "Burma Shave", a fictitious account of "... a young girl in a small little town, place called Marysville ... and, uh, it's up around Yuba City, Gridley, Chico, they're all the same, the names are different. It takes, oh, about 23 miles and you're in the next one, they got a Foster's Freeze just like the one you were tryin' to get out of." These lyrics are a precursor to the song, which starts immediately after.

Transportation
Marysville is served by two highways. California State Route 20 is the major east–west route, running to Nevada City to the east, and through Yuba City and Williams to the west, ending just south of Fort Bragg at California State Route 1. California State Route 70 travels south toward Sacramento, and north and east through Quincy to its terminus at U.S. Route 395.

Yuba County Airport is located three miles southeast of Marysville. It has two runways and is mostly used for general aviation.

Local bus service is provided by Yuba Sutter Transit.

Southern Pacific passenger rail service to Marysville ended in 1957. Amtrak's Coast Starlight added Marysville station as a stop in 1982, but the station was bypassed in 1999 and passenger services to the city ceased. San Joaquins trains are being studied to be extended north of Sacramento with a Marysville stop.

The Amtrak Thruway 3 provides thrice daily connections from 858 I Street to/from Sacramento and Stockton

Parks
Marysville has 15 parks and they are classified as either community, neighborhood and passive.

Ellis Lake
See "Sights of Marysville" or "Ellis Lake"

East Lake
East Lake park is located between 14th and 16th Streets on Yuba Street and sports picnic facilities in a natural setting.

Bryant Field
City-owned Baseball stadium and home of the Marysville Drakes Baseball team. The facility provides seating for 3000 people.

Beckwourth Riverfront Park Complex
The city's Beckwourth Riverfront Park is a large complex located on Bizz Johnson Drive adjacent to the Feather River. Amenities include a OHV MotoCross Course, Soccer Fields used by the Yuba Sutter Youth Soccer League, a nature area and Feather River Pavilion, a picnicking area known as Lion's Grove, a boat launch area with restrooms maintained by Redneck Yacht Club a local volunteer group, softball fields and good fishing in the Feather River. Most of these facilities are available for rental. Beckwourth Riverfront Park also hosts the annual Marysville Stampede, a rodeo event featuring Cotton Rosser and his crew.

Gavin Park
Located at Johnson Avenue and Val Drive, this park has picnic tables, benches, play equipment and a large open play area.

Miner Park
Located between Swezy and Sampson Street and East 14th and East 15th, this is one of the largest neighborhood parks. The amenities include play equipment, tot equipment, benches, a picnic table and basketball hoops, as well as a large open play area.

Motor Park
Formerly known as Market Square Park, this park, located at 14th and G streets, has play equipment, tot equipment, benches, picnic tables, a full court basketball pad and a large open play area.

Steven J. Field (circle) Park
This small circular shaped park is located on Rideout Way between Greeley Drive and Boulton Way. This park has play equipment, tot equipment, benches, picnic tables and an open play area.

Triplett Park
Located at Rideout Way and Covillaud Street, this park has picnic tables, benches, play equipment, tot equipment, and a large open play area.

Veterans Park
Formerly known as Napoleon Square, the name of this park was changed upon the completion of the Veterans Memorial in 2000. The amenities at this park located on 5th Street between G and H streets include play equipment, benches and picnic tables.

Yuba Park
Located at Yuba Street and East 10th Street, the amenities at this park include play equipment, picnic facilities and a large open play area.

Basin Park
Located on Hall Street between East 17th and Harris Street in East Marysville, this seasonal park is used for storm drainage storage during the rainy season. When the area is dry, the basin can be used for sports practices.

3rd and D Street Mini Park
Conveniently located in historic downtown Marysville there are benches available for taking a break while shopping.

Plaza Park
Located at 1st and D Street near the Bok Kai Temple, there are benches and picnic tables available.

Washington Park
The four corners at 10th and E Street were historically called Washington Square. Picnic tables and large open areas are available for outdoor dining and recreation.

Mary Aaron Memorial Museum
Built in 1855, the Gothic revival residence was one of the first brick structures in the area. The home was designed by Warren P. Miller and is on the National Register of Historic Places. It was home to the Aaron family until 1935, and it is now held in trust by the City of Marysville. The lives of local residents are documented by photographs, clothing, and other furnishings in the changing exhibits, including many of the Chinese community who helped establish Marysville. Admission to the museum is free of charge, and open Fridays and Saturdays.

Bok Kai Temple (北溪廟)
The Bok Kai Temple was erected in 1854, and rebuilt in 1880, by Chinese residents for the worship of their gods. The most important god worshiped there is Bok Eye, the god of water who has the power to control the rains. The temple remains a focus of the present Marysville Chinese community, who have dedicated themselves to preserving it. It is open on request for tours and visitors.

Bok Kai Festival and Parade (北溪慶會)
Marysville annually celebrates the Chinese New Year and the god Bok Eye with a festival. The Bok Kai parade has been produced each year since 1880 and is claimed to be the oldest continuing parade in California. Because the festival celebrates Bok Eye according to the Chinese lunar calendar, the date of the parade is different each year. Marching bands, fire trucks, antique cars, floats, and dance groups walk the streets of historic downtown. Over 15,000 spectators each year come to watch the parade's greatest asset, a dragon 175 ft long.

The festival concludes with the lighting of "bombs," which are made by hand under special permit from the State of California. Bomb Day is formally called Yee Yuet Yee by the Chinese community. The bombs are fired in a roped arena where young Chinese scramble for “good fortune” rings which are shot into the air by the bursting bombs, traditionally bringing good fortune to the holder throughout the year.

Ellis Lake
The centerpiece of Marysville is Ellis Lake, a lake surrounded by greenery and sidewalks. It is bounded by 9th Street to the south, B Street to the east, 14th Street to the north and D Street to the west.

Before 1924, Ellis Lake was a swamp. It was not until then that the Women's Improvement Club of Marysville commissioned John McLaren, famed designer of the Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, to turn the swamp into a "beautiful lake". The project was completed in 1939. It was recently renovated, to the current mayor, Bill D. Harris, Sr.

On October 20, 2002, a car was found at the bottom of the lake, in seven feet of water. Inside the car was the skeletal body of Mary Jane Gooding. The Marysville Police Department believes that she accidentally drove her boyfriend's car into the lake on October 10, 1981. Her children thought she was victim of foul play; however, the Marysville Police Department maintains that there is no evidence to support that a crime was committed.

The lake, named for Marysville citizen W. T. Ellis, Jr., offers a pleasant walk, picnic areas, and fishing. For decades, Ellis Lake hosted a 4th of July celebration every year, featuring power boat and cardboard boat races. Youths built boats out of cardboard and duct tape, then tried to cross the lake without sinking. An annual fireworks display was canceled in 2004 after a young girl lost part of her leg due to a rogue firework shot from the island in the center of the lake into the gathered crowd. That year they had twice as many fireworks than usual, which made shooting the fireworks more difficult and dangerous. The lawsuit finally closed 11 months later when the California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection released a report stating that mortar shells burst low into the crowd onto the other side of the lake from Gazebo Island.

In October 2007, the water fountain and lighting display was renovated and upgraded. The lights feature 37 colors and are viewable year round from 8 pm to midnight. This renovation was made possible by the combined efforts of a group of local citizens who have formed a group called Help Ellis Lake Prosper (H.E.L.P.).

California Swan Festival
The California Swan Festival, was held from 2013 to 2016, November 13–15, with the central events in Marysville's Caltrans Building.

Historic sites
The National Register list the following 9 Historic sites and 1 Historic district as cultural resources worthy of preservation, including Bok Kai Temple, Decker-Jewett Bank, Ellis Building, Forbes House, Hart Building, Warren P. Miller House: also known as the "Mary Aaron Museum", Packard Library, Jose Manuel Ramirez House: also known as "The W.T. Ellis House" or "The Castle", the US Post Office - Marysville Main, and Marysville Historic Commercial District.

Other sites of historic interest include homes designed by Julia Morgan, the Hotel Marysville, the State Theater, the Marysville Cemetery, and the Marysville Hebrew Cemetery.

Notable people

 * Larry Bagby, actor
 * Elwood Bruner, lawyer and politician
 * Harry Stuart Fonda, painter, musician and professor.
 * Stephen Johnson Field, Associate Justice, US Supreme Court
 * R. H. Macy, operated dry goods store here during Gold Rush
 * Kiguma Jack Murata, a geochemist
 * Leslie M. Palm, United States Marine Corps major general
 * Alice Rideout, sculptor
 * Joe Rose, former NFL player

title: Marysville, California


text:
Olivehurst, California

Olivehurst (formerly, Denniston) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yuba County, California, United States. The population was 13,656 at the 2010 census, up from 11,061 at the 2000 census. Olivehurst is located 4 mi south-southeast of Marysville.

History
Olivehurst was first largely settled by people from the Midwest during the Great Depression who were looking for fertile land, availability of jobs and a better future. People from the town have been known to refer to this group of people as "Okies", a term originally for those from Oklahoma who were escaping the "dust bowl" Oklahoma had become during the Great Depression. This is why some of the streets are named after cities in Oklahoma. These "Okies" were following migrant workers such as those of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Mexican and Native American background. The economy has been largely focused on agriculture, but, since the 1950s, jobs have been increasingly focused on mill and manufacturing work. Today's economy is centered on a "commuter economy" where many of the residents work outside of the town.

A post office opened at Olivehurst in 1941.

Olivehurst was the site of the Lindhurst High School shooting in 1992, which left four dead and ten others injured.

Geography
Olivehurst is located at 39.09556°N, -121.55222°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.5 square miles (19.4 km$2$), all of it land.

Olivehurst is located near the confluence of the Yuba River and Feather River. In 1987, a severe flood of the Yuba River, complete with a broken levee, devastated Olivehurst, followed by similar devastation from the 1997 Merced River flood. Businesses left the area, and unemployment skyrocketed.

2010
At the 2010 census Olivehurst had a population of 13,656. The population density was 1,827.5 /sqmi). The racial make-up was 8,534 (62.5%) White, 322 (2.4%) African American, 399 (2.9%) Native American, 772 (5.7%) Asian, 61 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 2,623 (19.2%) from other races and 945 (6.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,994 persons (36.6%).

The census reported that 13,610 people (99.7% of the population) lived in households, 46 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized. There were 4,120 households, of which 1,961 (47.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,137 (51.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 713 (17.3%) had a female householder with no husband present and 316 (7.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 380 (9.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 29 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 726 households (17.6%) were one person and 243 (5.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.30. There were 3,166 families (76.8% of households); the average family size was 3.71.

The age distribution was 4,339 people (31.8%) under the age of 18, 1,469 people (10.8%) aged 18 to 24, 3,767 people (27.6%) aged 25 to 44, 2,937 people (21.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,144 people (8.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 29.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males.

There were 4,487 housing units at an average density of 600.5 /sqmi. Of the occupied units, 2,538 (61.6%) were owner-occupied and 1,582 (38.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.0%. 8,029 people (58.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,581 people (40.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 11,061 people, 3,474 households and 2,650 families in the CDP. The population density was 2,208.9 /sqmi. There were 3,732 housing units at an average density of 745.3 /sqmi. The racial make-up of the CDP was 67.29% White, 1.65% African American, 3.67% Native American, 5.06% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 15.52% from other races and 6.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.95%.

Of the 3,474 households, 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 18.4% of households were one person and 7.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.17 and the average family size was 3.58.

The age distribution was 33.5% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% 65 or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.

The median household income was $29,854 and the median family income was $32,072. Males had a median income of $27,123 and females $21,980. The per capita income was $12,020. About 13.3% of families and 18.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Olivehurst is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Olivehurst is in.

Education
Olivehurst is served by Marysville Joint Unified School District. There are several elementary schools located in the town in addition to Lindhurst High School, one of the two in the district.

Notable people

 * Phil Baugh - musician

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Olivehurst, California


text:
Wheatland, California

Wheatland is the second-largest city by population in Yuba County, California, United States. The population was 3,456 at the 2010 census, up from 2,275 at the 2000 census. Wheatland is located 12.5 mi southeast of Marysville.

Geography
Wheatland is located at 39.01°N, -121.42306°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 sqmi, 99.55% of it land and 0.45% of it water.

History
Wheatland is located on the Rancho Johnson Mexican land grant. A post office opened in 1866. Wheatland incorporated in 1874.

Wheatland was home to a significant Chinese American community in the 1860s, but all of the Chinese American residents were driven out of town in a series of violent confrontations in February 1886.

In 1888, Edward Duplex was elected Mayor, the first black man to be elected mayor of a Western United States city. His original barbershop stands today on Main street.

Wheatland was the site of the bloody Hop Riot of 1913, considered a notable event in farm labor history that left four men dead, a Wheatland constable shot, and martial law imposed before it was over.

2010
At the 2010 census Wheatland had a population of 3,456. The population density was 2,326.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Wheatland was 2,633 (76.2%) White, 41 (1.2%) African American, 58 (1.7%) Native American, 203 (5.9%) Asian, 5 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 278 (8.0%) from other races, and 238 (6.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 620 people (17.9%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,219 households, 546 (44.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 667 (54.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 180 (14.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 68 (5.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 81 (6.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (0.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 245 households (20.1%) were one person and 105 (8.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.84. There were 915 families (75.1% of households); the average family size was 3.28.

The age distribution was 1,024 people (29.6%) under the age of 18, 321 people (9.3%) aged 18 to 24, 968 people (28.0%) aged 25 to 44, 783 people (22.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 360 people (10.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.

There were 1,323 housing units at an average density of 890.4 per square mile, of the occupied units 765 (62.8%) were owner-occupied and 454 (37.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%. 2,160 people (62.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,296 people (37.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were fewer people, with 785 households and 584 families. The population density was 3,007.5 PD/sqmi. There were 816 housing units at an average density of 1,078.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 74.64% White, 1.14% African American, 1.45% Native American, 5.19% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 11.08% from other races, and 6.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.23%.

Of the 785 households 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 21.5% of households were one person and 11.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.37.

The age distribution was 32.9% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,861, and the median family income was $39,375. Males had a median income of $32,656 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,889. About 15.8% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.5% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Wheatland is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Wheatland is in.

Notable people

 * Ann Getty, philanthropist
 * H. Monroe Browne, diplomat
 * Connie Redbird Pinkerman-Uri, doctor and lawyer

title: Wheatland, California


text:
Arvada, Colorado

Arvada is a home rule municipality on the border between Jefferson and Adams counties, Colorado, United States. The city population was 124,402 at the 2020 United States Census, with 121,510 residing in Jefferson County and 2,892 in Adams County. Arvada is the seventh most populous city in Colorado. The city is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The Olde Town Arvada historic district is 7 mi northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver.

History
The first documented discovery of gold in the Rocky Mountain region occurred on June 22, 1850, when Lewis Ralston, a Georgia prospector traveling with a party headed for the California gold fields, dipped his sluice pan into a small stream near its confluence with Clear Creek. He found about ¼ troy ounce (8 g) of gold, then worth about five dollars (about $550 USD today.) While Ralston was elated, the rest of the party was unimpressed and continued on to California the next morning. Ralston continued panning for gold, but after a few days gave up and caught up with his party. The site of Lewis Ralston's gold discovery now lies along Ralston Creek in the City of Arvada's Gold Strike Park.

In 1858, Ralston brought another group of prospectors back to the site of his first discovery. Ralston and most of the miners gave up after a few days, but several miners found gold upstream along the South Platte River. The placer gold in the area soon played out, but hard rock deposits of gold were found in the mountains to the west. Some of the miners abandoned their search for gold and returned to farm the rich bottom land along Ralston Creek and Clear Creek. They found an eager market for their crops among other gold seekers. The Territory of Colorado was formed on February 28, 1861, and the farms in the valley expanded to feed the growing population of the region.

In 1870, the Colorado Central Railroad laid tracks through the area on its route from Golden to link up with the Kansas Pacific Railroad and the Denver Pacific Railroad at Jersey Junction, 3 mi north of Denver. On December 1, 1870, Benjamin F. Wadsworth and Louis A. Reno platted the Ralston Point townsite along the railroad. To avoid confusion with other communities along Ralston Creek, Ralston Point was soon renamed Arvada in honor of Hiram Arvada Haskin, brother-in-law of settler Mary Wadsworth. Her husband, Benjamin Wadsworth, became the first postmaster of Arvada. Colorado was granted statehood on August 1, 1876, and the Town of Arvada was formally incorporated on August 14, 1904. A vibrant agricultural community, Arvada was once known as the "Celery Capital of the World."

Arvada grew rapidly during the latter half of the 20th century as a suburb of nearby Denver, the state capital. Arvada became a Statutory City on October 31, 1951, and a Home Rule Municipality on July 23, 1963. By the end of the millennium, the population of Arvada exceeded 100,000.

Missionary shooting
On December 9, 2007, Matthew J. Murray walked into the Youth With a Mission Center in Arvada and, after he was refused his request to stay overnight in the dormitories, opened fire and killed two people, injuring two more.

A memorial was held the following Wednesday, December 12, in which Youth With a Mission leaders forgave Murray's family for what happened.

Geography
At the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total area of 102.485 km2, including 1.709 km2 of water.

Climate
Arvada has a humid continental Köppen climate classification, abbreviated as Dfb.

2020 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 106,433 people, 42,701 households, and 28,927 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,028.1 PD/sqmi. There were 44,427 housing units at an average density of 1,216.7 /mi2 with a median value of $240,000. The racial makeup of the city was 89.08% White, 0.9% African American, 0.8% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.5% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.7% of the population.

There were 44,427 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city the population's ages were spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 20 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 29.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.5 years. There were 51,984 males and 54,539 Females.

The median income for a household in the city was $66,125 and the median income for a family was $78,591. Males had a median income of $42,126 versus $30,802 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,679. About 4.6% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line.

Government
The City of Arvada is a Home Rule Municipality with a council–manager form of government. The Arvada City Council has seven members: an elected mayor, two councilmembers elected at large, and four councilmembers elected from council districts.

The city council selects the city manager. The Arvada City Manager is Lorie Gillis.

Economy
Arvada is predominately a commuter town to Denver and Boulder. The primary retail corridors are along Wadsworth Boulevard, 52nd Avenue, 64th Avenue, Ralston Road, and Kipling Street.

Education
Arvada is served by the Jefferson County School District R-1.

Industry
The Rocky Flats plant operated from 1952 to 1992, as a manufacturing complex that produced nuclear weapons.

Tourism and recreation
Attractions include:
 * Arvada Center for the Arts and Humanities
 * Cussler Museum rare automobile collection
 * Olde Town Arvada historic district
 * Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge
 * Two Ponds National Wildlife Refuge

Transportation
Arvada is served by Denver International Airport and nearby Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport.

Arvada is the western terminus of Interstate 76, which begins at the intersection of Interstate 70 and State Highway 121. Other state highways in Arvada include SH 72, SH 93, and SH 95. Major highways near Arvada include Interstate 25, Interstate 270, U.S. Highway 36 and U.S. Highway 287.

The Amtrak California Zephyr passes through Arvada westbound each morning and eastbound each evening and stops at the nearby Denver Union Station. This route passes through the Rocky Mountains en route from Chicago to Emeryville, California, near Oakland.

Arvada is served by the Regional Transportation District commuter rail G line and bus routes 28, 32, 51, 52, 72, 76, and 100.

In 2014 the League of American Bicyclists designated Arvada as a Silver Level Bicycle Friendly Community.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born or have lived in Arvada include novelist Clive Cussler, baseball pitcher Roy Halladay, Joe King and Isaac Slade of the rock band The Fray, and professional golfer and U.S. Olympic track and field gold medalist Babe Didrikson Zaharias.

Sister cities
Arvada's sister cities are:
 * 🇨🇳 Jinzhou, China
 * 🇰🇿 Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan

title: Arvada, Colorado


text:
Aurora, Colorado

Aurora is a home rule municipality located in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 386,261 at the 2020 United States Census with 336,035 residing in Arapahoe County, 47,720 residing in Adams County, and 2,506 residing in Douglas County. Aurora is the third-most-populous city in the State of Colorado and the 52nd-most-populous city in the United States. Aurora is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

History
Before European settlement, the land that now makes up Aurora was the territory of the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Núu-agha-tʉvʉ-pʉ̱ (Ute), and Očeti Šakówiŋ (Sioux) tribes. Aurora originated in the 1880s as the town of Fletcher, taking its name from Denver businessman Donald Fletcher who saw it as a real estate opportunity. He and his partners staked out 4 mi2 east of Denver, but the town—and Colorado—struggled mightily after the Silver Crash of 1893. At that point, Fletcher skipped town, leaving the community with a huge water debt. Inhabitants decided to rename the town Aurora in 1907 after one of the subdivisions composing the town. By February 1928, the town of Aurora had reached a population of over 2,000 and it was reincorporated as a city on March 9. Aurora slowly began to grow in Denver's shadow becoming the fastest-growing city in the United States during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Aurora, composed of hundreds of subdivisions, thus carries the name of one of the original development plats from which it sprang.

Aurora's growing population in recent decades has led to efforts for co-equal recognition with its larger neighbor. Former mayor Dennis Champine once expressed the somewhat whimsical notion that eventually the area would be called the "Aurora/Denver Metropolitan Area". Indeed, since the 2000 Census Aurora has surpassed Denver in land area, and much of Aurora is undeveloped, while Denver is more fully built-out. However, such efforts are somewhat hampered by the lack of a large, historically important central business district in the city. Aurora is largely suburban in character, as evidenced by the city's modest number of multi-story buildings.

A large military presence has existed in Aurora since the early 20th century. In 1918, Army General Hospital #21 (later renamed Fitzsimons Army Hospital) opened, with the U.S. government expanding and upgrading the hospital facilities in 1941 just in time to care for the wounded servicemen of World War II. Lowry Air Force Base was opened in 1938, straddling the border of Aurora and Denver. It eventually closed in 1994, and has been redeveloped into a master-planned community featuring residential, commercial, business and educational facilities. In 1942, the Army Air Corps built Buckley Field, which has been renamed Naval Air Station, Buckley Air National Guard Base, Buckley Air Force Base, and finally Buckley Space Force Base. The base, home of the Buckley Garrison and the 140th Wing Colorado Air National Guard, is Aurora's largest employer.

President Warren G. Harding visited Fitzsimons Army Hospital in 1923, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt visited in 1936. In 1943, the hospital was the birthplace of 2004 Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry. President Dwight D. Eisenhower recovered from a heart attack at Fitzsimons for seven weeks during the fall of 1955. Decommissioned in 1999, the facility is part of the Anschutz Medical Campus of the University of Colorado Denver, and the Fitzsimons Life Science District. The Anschutz Medical Campus also includes the University of Colorado Hospital, which moved to Aurora from Denver in 2007, and the Children's Hospital. The first carbon-ion radiotherapy research and treatment facility in the U.S. has been proposed at the site. These facilities will employ a workforce of 32,000 at build-out.

In 1965, mayor Norma O. Walker became the first woman to head a U.S. city with a population over 60,000.

In 1978, the cult coming-of-age film Over the Edge was filmed in Aurora; the crime drama has been named the "signature film" of Denver.

In 1979, it was announced that a science fiction theme park would be built in Aurora using the sets of a $50 million film based on the fantasy novel Lord of Light. However, due to legal problems the project was never completed. The script of the unmade film project, renamed Argo, was used as cover for the "Canadian Caper": the exfiltration of six U.S. diplomatic staff trapped by the Iranian hostage crisis.

In 1993, Cherry Creek State Park on the southwestern edge of Aurora was the location for the papal mass of the 8th World Youth Day with Pope John Paul II, attended by an estimated 500,000 people.

Aurora is split among three counties and lies distant from the respective county seats. A consolidated city and county government such as those found elsewhere in Colorado (Denver and Broomfield) was considered in the mid-1990s but failed to win approval by city voters; the issue was reconsidered in 2006.

Aurora Sports Park opened in 2003. In 2004, Aurora was honored as the Sports Illustrated magazine's 50th-anniversary "Sportstown" for Colorado because of its exemplary involvement in facilitating and enhancing sports. The city attracts more than 30 regional and national sports tournaments annually to Aurora's fields. Aurora's active populace is also reflected in the variety of professional athletes hailing from the city. Aurora's first semi-professional sports franchise, the Aurora Cavalry in the International Basketball League, began play in 2006 but folded by season's end due to budget mishaps.

In 2008, Aurora was designated an All-America City by the National Civic League.

Aurora pioneered the use of bank filtration in the United States, becoming one of the first U.S. cities to reap the benefits of siphoning water from beneath a riverbed upon completion of the Prairie Waters Project in 2010.

In 2017, the Republic of El Salvador opened a consulate in Aurora, serving Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming.

Aurora theater shooting
On July 20, 2012, Aurora was the site of the deadliest shooting by a lone shooter in Colorado (and the state's overall second deadliest, after the 1999 Columbine High School massacre). The shooting occurred just after midnight, when James Holmes opened fire during the midnight premiere of The Dark Knight Rises in a Century movie theater, killing 12 people and injuring 70 others. Holmes was arrested and was eventually sentenced to 12 life sentences in prison with an additional required 3,318 years. The shooting drew an international response from world leaders. U.S. President Barack Obama visited victims, as well as local and state officials, and addressed the nation in a televised address from Aurora on July 22. Actor Christian Bale, who plays Batman in the film, also visited some victims in hospitals. The events marked a turning point in recognition and public perception of the city; rather than referring to the site as being in "Denver" or "suburban Denver", as would have been typical before the event, virtually all media accounts of the incident unequivocally named "Aurora" as its location.

Elijah McClain
On August 30, 2019, Elijah McClain died six days after an unprovoked detention by two Aurora police officers. On June 27, 2020, Aurora Police in riot gear dispersed thousands of protestors at a violin concert held in his honor. On October 12, 2023, one of the officers involved in McClain's death was found guilty on charges of assault and negligent homicide, while another officer was acquitted on all charges against him, which included assault and reckless manslaughter.

Geography
Aurora's official elevation, posted on signs at the city limits, is 5471 ft. However, the city spans a difference in elevation of nearly 1000 ft. The lowest elevation of 5285 ft is found at the point where Sand Creek crosses the city limit in the northwest corner of the city, while the highest elevation of 6229 ft is on the extreme southern border of the city in Douglas County, near the intersection of Inspiration and Gartrell roads.

According to 2023 data published by the United States Census, the city has a total area of 423.691 km2 including 1.500 km2 of water. The city is about 6 percent more extensive than neighboring Denver but 80 percent of the size of Colorado Springs, ranking as the 54th-largest U.S. city in land area.

Neighborhoods
Aurora is composed of dozens of neighborhoods, districts and (current and former) military installations. Among them:

 * Adonea
 * Anschutz Medical Campus
 * Aurora Heights
 * Aurora Highlands
 * Aurora Hills
 * Aurora Knolls
 * Beacon Point
 * Berkshire Village
 * Blackstone
 * Brookvale
 * Buckley Space Force Base
 * Carriage Place
 * Centretech
 * Chadsford
 * Chaddsford Village
 * Chambers Heights
 * Chelsea
 * Cinnamon Village II
 * City Center
 * Conservatory
 * Copperleaf
 * Corning
 * Crestridge
 * Cross Creek
 * The Dam East
 * Del Mar
 * The Dam West
 * Downtown A-Town (the Fletcher townsite, Aurora's "downtown")
 * Eastridge
 * East Quincy Highlands
 * Fox Hill
 * Greenfield
 * Hallcraft's Village East
 * Hampton Hills
 * Havana Heights
 * Heather Gardens
 * Heather Ridge
 * Heritage Eagle Bend Golf Club
 * Highline Villages
 * Highpoint
 * Hillside at Del Mar
 * Hoffman Heights
 * Hutchinson Heights
 * Inspiration
 * Jackson Farm
 * Kingsborough
 * Laredo-Highline
 * Lowry Campus (formerly Lowry Air Force Base)
 * Lynn Knoll
 * Meadowood
 * Meadow Hills
 * Mission Viejo
 * Morris Heights
 * Murphy Creek
 * Peoria Park
 * Pheasant Run
 * Piney Creek
 * Ponderosa Ridge
 * Pride's Crossing
 * Ptarmigan Park
 * Queensborough
 * Quincy Hill
 * Rocking Horse
 * Saddle Rock
 * Settler's Village
 * Serenity Ridge
 * Seven Hills
 * Shenandoah
 * Stapleton (a portion of the redevelopment of Denver's former airport lies in Aurora, directly north of Original Aurora)
 * Siena
 * Smoky Hill
 * Smoky Ridge
 * Sterling Hills
 * Stricker's House
 * Summer Valley Ranch
 * Tallgrass
 * Tallyn's Reach
 * The Timbers
 * Tollgate Run at Kingsborough
 * Tollgate Village
 * Traditions
 * Tuscany
 * Utah Park
 * Village East
 * Waters Edge
 * Wheatlands
 * Whispering Pines
 * Willow Park
 * Willow Trace
 * Woodgate
 * Woodrim

Climate
Aurora experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification 'BSk'), with four distinct seasons and modest precipitation year-round. Summers range from mild to hot, with generally low humidity and frequent afternoon thunderstorms, and Aurora also averages about one dozen tornado warnings throughout tornado season, running from April to July. Although a touchdown does occur every couple of years, tornadoes are typically weak and short lived. Aurora residents typically hear the tornado sirens go off numerous times more than residents in Denver, to the West. All of Aurora is located east of I-25, where tornado alley begins. Hailstorms, at times one to two-plus feet deep happen on occasion, and typical hailstorms are very common throughout these months. July is the warmest month of the year, with an average high of 89 F and an average low of 57 F. Winters range from mild to occasional bitter cold, with periods of sunshine alternating with periods of snow, high winds and very low temperatures. December is the coldest month of the year, with an average high of 43 F and an average low of 17 F. The average first snowfall in the Aurora area occurs in late October and the average final snowfall occurs in late April, although snow has fallen as early as September 4 and as late as June 5. Generally, deciduous trees in the area are bare from mid October to late April.

2020 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 325,078 people, 121,191 households, and 73,036 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,939.6 PD/sqmi. There were 131,040 housing units at an average density of 766.7 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 61.1% White, 15.7% African American, 4.9% Asian (1.1% Korean, 0.8% Vietnamese, 0.5% Filipino, 0.5% Chinese, 0.5% Indian, 0.2% Japanese, 0.1% Thai, 0.1% Cambodian, 0.1% Burmese, 0.1% Nepalese, 0.1% Pakistani, 0.1% Indonesian), 1.0% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 11.6% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.7% of the population; 21.9% of Aurora's population is of Mexican heritage, 1.0% Salvadoran, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Guatemalan, 0.3% Honduran, 0.3% Peruvian, 0.2% Cuban, 0.2% Colombian and 0.1% Nicaraguan. Non-Hispanic Whites were 47.3% of the population in 2010, compared to 85.1% in 1980.

Aurora is a center of Colorado's refugee population. There are about 30,000 Ethiopians and Eritreans living in the Denver–Aurora area. There is also a sizable population of Nepalese refugees.

There were 121,191 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.2.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 37.6% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,507, and the median income for a family was $52,551. Males had a median income of $35,963 versus $30,080 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,095. About 6.8% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
According to the Aurora Economic Development Council, the largest public employers in the city are:

According to the Aurora Economic Development Council, the largest private employers in the city of Aurora are: Other notable employers in the city include Lockheed Martin Corporation, Staples Inc., United Natural Foods, Aurora Mental Health Center, G45 Secure Solutions, Graebel Relocation, Core-Mark, and Nelnet, Inc.

Attractions
The city of Aurora manages more than 100 parks, more than 6000 acre of open space and natural areas, and six award-winning municipal golf courses (Aurora Hills, Meadow Hills, Murphy Creek, Saddle Rock, Springhill and Fitzsimons). Aurora also is home to several privately owned golf courses including CommonGround Golf Course, Heather Ridge Country Club, Heritage Eagle Bend Golf Club and Valley Country Club.

Star K Ranch, home to Aurora's Morrison Nature Center, provides important habitat for wildlife. It has several trails for nature exploration, including access to the Sand Creek Greenway Trail. Jewell Wetland, a 50 acre wooded wetland, features trails, boardwalk/deck access into the wetland and a butterfly garden. Aurora Reservoir and Quincy Reservoir offer plenty of opportunities for outdoor water pursuits.

DeLaney Farm, site of Aurora's famous historic round barn, has 130 acre of open space, trails with access to the High Line Canal, an organic garden managed by Denver Urban Gardens, and two structures on the National Register of Historic Places. The Plains Conservation Center, with 1100 acre of native shortgrass prairie, hosts a variety of educational programs.

Twenty-seven historic sites and landmarks are managed by the city of Aurora, including the Gully Homestead of 1870, the Victorian-style Centennial House of 1890, the privately owned American War Mothers National Memorial Home, the Art Deco-style KOA Building of 1934, the DeLaney Round Barn of 1902, Lowry Building 800, the interim headquarters for the U.S. Air Force Academy from 1955 to 1958, and Stanley Marketplace, which opened at the former site of Stanley Aviation in 2016.

The Aurora Fox Theatre & Arts Center, another historic landmark, is a 245-seat performing arts facility in the Aurora Cultural Arts District, along East Colfax Avenue. In that same area, The People's Building is a performing arts venue with flexible space, including 191 retractable seats and a gallery.

The Aurora History Museum is a community-based cultural center featuring a permanent exhibit on Aurora history and two changing exhibit galleries touching on topics related to history and decorative arts. Additionally, some of their collections can be accessed online here. Aurora is home to the Colorado Freedom Memorial and a memorial garden for the victims of the 2012 theater shooting is located adjacent to City Hall.

The Aurora Symphony Orchestra, a community orchestra established in 1978, offers a full season of full orchestra concerts annually as well as smaller chamber ensemble performances.

The Aurora Public Library serves its population, providing four main branches, four PC centers, and a variety of events throughout the year to its population.

Town Center at Aurora is the city's main shopping mall. Other shopping centers in Aurora include The Gardens on Havana (formerly Buckingham Square) and Southlands.

Stanley Marketplace, a shopping mall inside the former Stanley Aviation plant.

Government
The city of Aurora operates under a council-manager form of government, where the city manager runs the city's day-to-day operations with general guidance from the city council. The Aurora City Council is composed of a mayor and ten council members. Six members are elected from districts, while the other four are elected at large. The mayor is elected by the entire city. Aurora's mayor role is largely ceremonial, but the mayor does have direct impact on policy issues as the head of city council. The council is nonpartisan; however, parties of members have been listed below for reference.

This full-service city is protected by the Aurora Police Department, one of only 10 law enforcement agencies in Colorado to be accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies; the Aurora Fire Department, which is accredited by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International; and a Public Safety Communications dispatch call center. The Aurora Municipal Courts handles a wide variety of offense violations, and the Aurora Detention Center is a 72-hour adult holding facility.

Politics
In national elections, Aurora leans to the left and the Democratic Party, though not as much as neighboring Denver but more than other suburbs in the Denver metro area. Northern and Central Aurora, due to an extremely racially and culturally diverse voter base and high density for a suburban city, are some of the most Democratic areas in Colorado and vote similarly to Denver and Boulder; southern Aurora, similar to neighboring Centennial, used to lean Republican but has swung Democratic entering the 2020s.

Aurora anchors Colorado's 6th congressional district and is represented in Congress by Jason Crow (D-Centennial). State representation is listed in the tables below (areas implied to be in Arapahoe County unless noted: not all districts are fully in Aurora).

Education
Primary and secondary education:
 * Aurora Public Schools
 * Cherry Creek Public Schools
 * Douglas County School District (The Inspiration neighborhood is located within this district)
 * DSST Public Schools
 * Brighton Public Schools (The Highpoint at DIA neighborhood is located in this district)
 * Christ Our Redeemer Lutheran School

Post-secondary and career education:
 * University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
 * Columbia College–Aurora
 * Community College of Aurora
 * Pickens Technical College
 * Colorado School of Holistic and Naturopathic Studies
 * Colorado Technical University–Denver South Campus
 * Concorde Career College
 * Platt College

Transportation
Aurora straddles I-70, I-225 and the E-470 beltway. The Regional Transportation District's light rail transit system was extended to serve the southwestern edge of Aurora on November 17, 2006. The H Line stops at Aurora's Dayton and Nine Mile Stations; a comprehensive network of feeder buses in southern Aurora serve the latter. On February 24, 2017, the line was extended as the R Line to Peoria Station in the city's northwest, where riders may transfer to the A Line providing service between Union Station in Downtown Denver and Denver Airport. Much of Aurora is more convenient to Denver International Airport than Denver itself, and the city is planning an aerotropolis along the airport's southern flank. This proximity is a factor in the expected growth of the E-470 corridor directly south of Denver International Airport, projected to eventually accommodate 250,000 additional Aurora residents. The easternmost portions of Aurora adjoin the Colorado Air and Space Port.

In 2017, Aurora became the first city in Colorado to host a dockless bike sharing program.

Sports
In 2014 the U.S.A. Powerlifting Raw Nationals and the IPF Open Powerlifting World Championships were both held in Aurora. The WC was the 35th Women's and 44th Men's Open Powerlifting Championships, and it was held on the Radisson Hotel Denver Southeast.

Notable people
Some notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Aurora include:

 * Lauren Boebert, U.S. Representative for Colorado's 3rd congressional district
 * J. Scott Campbell, comic book artist
 * Zachery Ty Bryan, actor
 * Michael Chiesa, UFC fighter
 * Mike Coffman, Mayor of Aurora, former U.S. Representative and Colorado State Treasurer
 * Danny Dietz, former Navy SEAL killed in Operation Red Wings, recipient of the Navy Cross
 * John Kerry, U.S. Senator and Secretary of State
 * Jennifer Ketcham, former pornographic actress with the stage name Penny Flame
 * Andrew Kwon, fashion designer
 * Elijah McClain, massage therapist and violinist
 * Joe Neguse, U.S. Representative
 * Brendan Schaub, former mixed martial arts fighter, comedian and broadcaster
 * Dan Soder, stand-up comedian
 * Michelle Waterson, mixed martial arts fighter
 * Bowen Yang, SNL cast member

Sister cities
Aurora's sister cities are:
 * 🇪🇹 Adama, Ethiopia (1988–2004, since 2014)
 * 🇲🇽 Chihuahua, Mexico (2023)
 * 🇨🇷 Jacó, Costa Rica (2016)
 * 🇰🇷 Seongnam, South Korea (1992)

Friendship cities
Aurora also has two friendship cities:
 * 🇸🇻 Antiguo Cuscatlán, El Salvador (2016)
 * 🇹🇼 New Taipei City, Taiwan (2023)

title: Aurora, Colorado


text:
Bennett, Colorado

Bennett is a Statutory Town located in Adams and Arapahoe counties, Colorado, United States. The town population was 2,862 at the 2020 United States Census with 2,443 residing in Adams County and 419 residing in Arapahoe County.

History
Bennett was incorporated on January 22, 1930, and was named for Hiram Pitt Bennet, congressional delegate from the Territory of Colorado and Colorado Secretary of State.

Kiowa Crossing and train wreck
Until 1878, the town was known as Kiowa Crossing. On May 21 of that year, a heavy rainstorm washed out the railroad bridge over Kiowa Creek to the east of town. A Kansas Pacific Railway train of 25 cars loaded with scrap iron was washed into the stream with crewmen Frank Seldon, George Piatt, and John Bacon on board. Most of the wrecked train was recovered, but the locomotive #51 was never officially found. The story of the lost locomotive inspired Clive Cussler to write Night Probe!; Later, in 1989, his nonprofit NUMA searched for the locomotive with no luck, as it turned out the locomotive wasn't there to find. That same year, archivist Lloyd Glasier at Union Pacific discovered that the railroad had found the locomotive, secretly lifted it to the surface and towed it to their workshop, where they rebuilt it, put it back into service with a new number, and collected the insurance money for its loss in an insurance fraud.

Colorado spam king
Edward Davidson, known also as the "Colorado Spam King", operated an illegal spamming company, Power promotions, from July 2002 through April 2007 from a home near Bennett where he had a large network of computers and servers, according to federal authorities. The spam contained false header information, concealing the actual sender from the recipient of the e-mail. Davidson provided spammed messages for about 19 different companies, prosecutors said. Some of the e-mailed pitches were used to dupe stock investors and manipulate the market, federal authorities said. Davidson was sentenced to 21 months in federal prison and ordered to pay $714,139 to the Internal Revenue Service. On July 20, 2008, he escaped from a minimum-security prison. Four days later, he was found dead with his wife and a child, both also dead, in an apparent murder-suicide near Bennett.

Geography
Bennett is located at 39.75361°N, -104.42861°W (39.753604, -104.428580), at the intersection of State Highways 36 and 79, just north of Interstate 70.

At the 2020 United States Census, the town had a total area of 15.024 km2 including 0.016 km2 of water.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Colorado occurred in Bennett on July 11, 1888, when it reached 118 °F (48 °C). However, climatologists say this reading is an error because the temperature in downtown Denver on that day reached 100 degrees and it would be nearly impossible for it to be 18 degrees hotter just 30 miles east.

Demographics
Bennett is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,021 people, 715 households, and 539 families residing in the town. The population density was 652.3 PD/sqmi. There were 732 housing units at an average density of 236.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.56% White, 0.49% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 1.63% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.45% of the population.

There were 715 households, out of which 49.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 34.5% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,600, and the median income for a family was $50,881. Males had a median income of $38,672 versus $26,354 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,905. About 3.7% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Hiram Pitt Bennet (September 2, 1826 – November 11, 1914), congressional delegate from the Territory of Colorado and Colorado Secretary of State
 * Tim Samaras (1957–2013), engineer and storm chaser who starred on Discovery Channel's documentary reality television series Storm Chasers

title: Bennett, Colorado


text:
Berkley, Colorado

Berkley is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Adams County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Berkley CDP was 12,536 at the United States Census 2020. Denver post office 80221 serves the area.

Geography
The Berkley CDP has an area of 10.590 km2, including 1.267 km2 of water.

Demographics
The United States Census Bureau initially defined the Berkley CDP for the United States Census 2000.

title: Berkley, Colorado


text:
Brighton, Colorado

Brighton is a home rule municipality city located in Adams and Weld counties, Colorado, United States. Brighton is the county seat of Adams County and a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The city population was 40,083 at the 2020 United States Census with 39,718 residing in Adams County and 365 residing in Weld County.

History
The town was named for Brighton Beach, New York. Brighton was founded in the 1870s as a stage/railroad depot and farming community. The town was originally named Hughes Station. The town was incorporated in 1887. Among the notable scholars born there are Richard Ling, founding editor of Mobile Media & Communication, currently the Shaw Foundation Professor of Media Technology at Nanyang Technological University, and Max Pfeffer, Senior Associate Dean of the Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

Geography
Brighton is a suburb of Denver.

At the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total area of 55.777 km2, including 0.747 km2 of water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brighton has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated BSk on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,905 people, 6,718 households, and 5,058 families living in the city. The population density was 1,224.1 PD/sqmi. There were 6,990 housing units at an average density of 409.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 76.91% White, 0.99% African American, 1.47% Native American, 1.10% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 16.29% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 38.22% of the population.

There were 6,718 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.7% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 28.6% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,779, and the median income for a family was $53,286. Males had a median income of $35,686 versus $27,103 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,927. About 6.1% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Brighton is the home of two Vestas manufacturing plants, a wind turbine blade factory and a nacelle manufacturing plant. The factories are valued at $290 million and will provide 1,350 employment opportunities: 650 in the blade factory and another 700 in the nacelle manufacturing plant. Groundbreaking for the factories took place on March 25, 2009.

The Prairie Center is a 396 acre shopping center with a pedestrian-oriented retail village.

The Greater Brighton Chamber of Commerce and Tourism Bureau began helping small businesses in the Brighton community in 1955, paving the way for the expansion of Brighton retail, and manufacturing. The Brighton Chamber helped to secure Brighton as an Agritourism destination within the Denver Metro area for Farm Fresh Produce and opening the Brighton Visitors Center in May 2020. The Greater Brighton Chamber of Commerce is ranked the 14th Best Chamber in the Denver area per the Denver Business Journal.

Education
School District 27J serves the community.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Brighton include:
 * Todd Helton (born 1973), baseball 1st baseman
 * John L. Kane Jr. (born 1937), U.S. federal judge
 * Dillon Serna (born 1994), soccer midfielder
 * Brian Shaw, leading American strongman
 * Angie Zapata (1989–2008), murder victim

Sister city
Brighton has a sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:
 * 🇵🇱 Ziębice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland

title: Brighton, Colorado


text:
Broomfield, Colorado

Broomfield is a consolidated city and county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. It has a consolidated government which operates under Article XX, Sections 10–13 of the Constitution of the State of Colorado. Broomfield's population was 74,112 at the 2020 United States Census, making it the 15th most populous municipality and the 12th most populous county in Colorado. Broomfield is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range urban corridor.

History
Several railroads figure in the development of this area. The Colorado Central Railroad built a narrow-gauge line from Golden in 1873, the Denver, Utah and Pacific Railroad arrived in 1881, and the Denver, Marshall and Boulder Railway built a line through what is now Broomfield in 1886. The Denver, Utah and Pacific was widened to standard gauge in 1889. One of the early names for the area was Zang's Spur, after the railroad spur serving Adolph Zang's grain fields.

The municipality of Broomfield was incorporated in 1961 in the southeastern corner of Boulder County. Researchers speculate the city was named for the sorghum grown in the area, also known as broomcorn, which farmers sold to manufacturers of brooms and whisk brooms.

In the 1990s, after three decades of annexations, Broomfield stretched across Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld counties, city leaders felt increasing chagrin with the need to deal with four separate court districts, four different county seats, and four separate county sales tax bases. They began pushing to make Broomfield a consolidated city-county similar to Denver, reasoning that they could provide services more responsively if it had its own county government.

The city sought an amendment to the state constitution to create a new county. The amendment was passed in 1998, after which a three-year transition period followed.

On November 15, 2001, Broomfield County became the 64th and smallest county of Colorado. It is the newest county in Colorado (and in the entire United States, if county equivalents are not included).

On February 20, 2021, United Airlines Flight 328 from Denver to Honolulu experienced an engine failure after takeoff from Denver International Airport and debris from the engine landed in parts of Broomfield. Multiple homes were damaged, but no injuries were reported, and the plane landed safely at DIA.

Geography
Broomfield is located midway between downtown Denver and Boulder along U.S. Route 36.

The elevation of Broomfield is 5,348 ft. At the 2020 United States Census, Broomfield had a total area of 86.890 km2, including 1.503 km2 of water. It is the smallest county by area in Colorado, and the 5th smallest in the United States.

Airport
Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport, formerly known as the Jefferson County (Jeffco) Airport, is located in Broomfield.

Major highways

 * I-25 (CO).svg Interstate 25
 * US 36.svg U.S. Highway 36 (Denver–Boulder Turnpike)
 * US 85.svg U.S. Highway 85
 * US 287.svg U.S. Highway 287
 * Colorado 7.svg State Highway 7
 * Colorado 121.svg State Highway 121
 * Colorado 128.svg State Highway 128
 * E-470 (tollway)
 * Northwest Parkway (tollway)

Adjacent counties

 * Weld County — northeast
 * Adams County — southeast
 * Jefferson County — southwest
 * Boulder County — northwest

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Broomfield has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk). According to the United States Department of Agriculture, it is in plant hardiness zone 6a with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of -9.4 °F.

Ecology
According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Broomfield would have a Bouteloua/buffalograss (65, commonly known as grama grass) vegetation type and a shortgrass prairie (17) vegetation form.

Demographics
Broomfield is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The 2020 census estimated there were 74,112 people living in Broomfield. The population density was 2,248 /mi2, making it the second most densely populated county in Colorado behind Denver. The racial makeup of the city was 76.0% White, 6.9% Asian, 1.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 10.9% from two or more races; additionally, 13.4% were Hispanic or Latino, and, by 2022, 12.2% were foreign-born.

In 2022, there were 31,244 households, of which 53.1% were married couples living together, 6.3% were cohabiting couple households, 19.0% had a male householder with no spouse/partner present, and 21.6% had a female householder with no spouse/partner present. 27.7% of households had one or more people under 18 years, and 25.3% of households had one or more people 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.42 people, and the average family size was 3.04 people.

In 2022, age distribution figures showed 20.5% of residents under the age of 18 and 15.7% age 65 years or older. The median age was 38.9 years and females made up 49.5% of the population.

In 2022, the median household income in Broomfield was $115,833 and the median family income was $157,492. The per capita income for the city was $58,850, with 7.4% of the population living below the poverty line and 2.5% without health care coverage. By 2017–2021 estimates, Broomfield had the 3rd highest median household income among Colorado counties, and the 45th highest in the United States; for families, the median income was the 2nd highest among Colorado counties, and the 24th highest in the United States.

In 2022, the educational attainment of residents over age 25 included 94.2% being high school graduates, 57.8% holding a bachelor's degree or higher, and 24.6% holding a graduate or professional degree.

Politics
When the county was formed in 2001, it was a swing county, and the city itself has voted for the winner of the national popular vote in each presidential election from 2004 to 2020. In the 2012 election, incumbent president and Democrat Barack Obama defeated Republican Mitt Romney by roughly five percentage points. In recent years, the county has trended towards the Democratic Party. In 2016, it voted decisively for Hillary Clinton. Joe Biden won the county by an even larger margin in 2020.

Since its inception, Broomfield County has voted for the winner of Colorado's electoral votes.

As of April 1, 2024, 14,632 voters were Democrats, 10,062 voters were Republicans, and 27,105 voters were not affiliated with any party.

Economy
In the 1990s, Broomfield and other area suburbs experienced tremendous economic growth, much of it focused in technology.

The Flatiron Crossing Mall is a large shopping and entertainment center, anchored by Dick's Sporting Goods, Macy's, and Forever 21.

Crocs, Vail Resorts, MWH Global, Flatiron Construction, Webroot, Noodles & Company, WhiteWave Foods and Mrs. Fields are headquartered in Broomfield.

Top employers
According to Broomfield's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Media
The Broomfield Enterprise is the local newspaper. KBDI-TV, the secondary PBS member station for the Denver area, is licensed to Broomfield.

Recreation
Broomfield's recreational opportunities include the Paul Derda Recreation Center and pool, athletic fields, courts and rinks and open space and trails.

Broomfield has an extensive trail system that connects the various lakes and parks. A scenic trail connects the Stearns Lake and the Josh's Pond memorial on the west side of town. Broomfield also has a 9/11 memorial containing a piece of a steel beam from one of the towers.

Broomfield also has a skate park with many different features such as bowls, a large half-pipe and several "street" obstacles.

The Broomfield Community Center (renovated in 2020) offers a wide variety of fitness classes, senior activities, and hosts swim meets and kids' camps for the whole city and county.

A few of the favorite outdoor activities of Broomfield residents are tennis and golf. There are a large number of golf courses and tennis courts open to the public. Broomfield Community Center also hosts other Denver metro cities in their center, mainly for pickleball games and tournaments.

Government
Broomfield's leadership includes the Mayor, the Mayor Pro Tem, the City and County Manager, Attorney, and City Council members.

Mayor

 * Mayor — Guyleen Castriotta
 * Mayor Pro-Tem — Deven Shaff

City officials

 * City and County Manager — Jennifer Hoffman
 * City and County Attorney — Nancy Rodgers

City Council members

 * Ward 1
 * Kenny Nguyen
 * James Marsh-Holschen
 * Ward 2
 * Paloma Delgadillo
 * Austin Ward
 * Ward 3
 * Jean Lim
 * Deven Shaff
 * Ward 4
 * Bruce Leslie
 * Laurie Anderson
 * Ward 5
 * Heidi Henkel
 * Todd Cohen

Sheriff and county commissioners
Broomfield operates as a consolidated city-county. The city council acts simultaneously as the board of county commissioners, and the police chief is simultaneously the county sheriff. The Broomfield Police Department performs all of the duties that would normally be performed by a county sheriff's office, including operating the county jail (detention center), providing security and bailiff services for the Broomfield Municipal, County, and District Courts and the Combined Courts Building, and providing civil process in the county. The police chief can be hired or fired at will by the city council, which makes Broomfield's sheriff, along with Denver's, the only non-elected sheriffs in the state.

Education
Since Broomfield used to be divided among four counties, students living in the city were served by the separate school districts for their county. While the city is now united within one county, the city is still separated among multiple school districts.

School districts that have sections of Broomfield:
 * Adams County District Twelve Five Star Schools
 * Boulder Valley School District RE-2
 * School District 27J
 * Weld County School District RE-8
 * Jefferson County School District R-1
 * St. Vrain Valley School District RE 1J

There are six school districts that overlap Broomfield, but the two largest school districts in Broomfield are Adams Twelve Five Star Schools and Boulder Valley School District.

Broomfield features two large public high schools (Broomfield High School, which underwent significant renovations from 2009 to 2010, and Legacy High), two public middle schools, and eight public elementary schools. There are four private schools: Brightmont Academy, a 1-to-1 school for all grade levels; Broomfield Academy, with an academic preschool, an elementary school, and a middle school; Holy Family, a Catholic high school; and Nativity of Our Lord Parish, a Catholic elementary school. Broomfield also contains two K–12 charter schools, Prospect Ridge Academy, and Front Range Academy, which has two Broomfield campuses.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Broomfield (or both) include:
 * Mark Boslough, physicist
 * Drew Brown, musician, guitarist for OneRepublic and Debate Team
 * Dianne Primavera, 50th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado and former member of the Colorado House of Representatives
 * Anna Prins, basketball center
 * Vince Russo, pro wrestling personality and podcaster
 * Steve Schmuhl, swimmer
 * Mike Wilpolt, football wide receiver, defensive back, coach
 * Cat Zingano, bantamweight MMA fighter

Sister city
Broomfield has a sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:
 * 🇯🇵 Ueda, Nagano Prefecture, Japan

title: Broomfield, Colorado


text:
Commerce City, Colorado

The City of Commerce City is a home rule municipality located in Adams County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 62,418 at the 2020 United States Census, a 35.95% increase since the 2010 United States Census. Commerce City is the 18th most populous municipality in Colorado. Commerce City is located north of Denver and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. Commerce City is a mixed residential and industrial community that is known for an oil refinery with a capacity of 90000 oilbbl/d, operated by Suncor. Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a soccer stadium in Commerce City, hosts the Colorado Rapids of Major League Soccer.

History
In 1859 after fighting in Bleeding Kansas, John D. "Colonel Jack" Henderson built a ranch, trading post, and hotel on Henderson Island in the South Platte River in Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory north of Denver, from which he sold meat and provisions to gold seekers on their way up the South Platte River Trail to the gold fields during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush. Henderson Island was the first permanent settlement in the South Platte River Valley between Fort Saint Vrain in the Nebraska Territory and the Cherry Creek Diggings in the Kansas Territory. Henderson Island is today the site of the Adams County Regional Park and Fairgrounds.

Among the first establishments in the modern Commerce City were cemeteries. Riverside Cemetery, founded in 1876, is located in the city's southwest corner at East 52nd Avenue and Brighton Boulevard. Rose Hill Cemetery, in the heart of historic Commerce City, was established in 1892 on what at the time was an open plain by the United Hebrew Cemetery Association.

The first school in the area began in 1871 as a one-room schoolhouse, with other schools added in 1899 and later in 1907. This latter school is now part of the North Building at the former site of Adams City High School, now Adams 14 School District Administration Buildings.

Several towns were founded in this part of Adams County in the 19th century. Derby, a Burlington Railroad station in 1887, was laid out as a town in 1889, although it was largely vacated by 1891. Irondale was first settled in 1889, named after a foundry that was opened that year. It was incorporated as the town of Irondale in 1924, but unincorporated in the 1930s due to increasing vacancy. Meanwhile, Adams City was laid out in 1903, with developers hoping the county seat would be established there; however, Brighton was elected county seat in 1904 and Adams City was vacated in 1922.

Until the late 1920s, the area was devoted to agriculture, including wheat fields, dairies, and pig farms. Industry moved in, with a refinery established in 1930 and grain elevators built in the late 1930s. Rocky Mountain Arsenal was founded in 1942 due east of the growing community.

In 1946 and 1947, Adams County School District 14 was formed from surrounding schools, and Adams City was redeveloped about that time. In 1951, as Denver was considering annexing the area, a plan to incorporate all of southern Adams County was developed. In July 1952, area residents voted 251 to 24 to incorporate Commerce Town, comprising neighborhoods such as Rose Hill and southern Adams City. Commerce Town annexed part of Derby in 1962, increasing the population over fourfold, enough for the town to gain the status of a city. The city name was duly changed to Commerce City. In April 2007, the citizens of Commerce City voted more than 2:1 to retain their city's name.

The Mile High Kennel Club, a greyhound racing park founded in 1949, is no longer operational. With the onset of widespread off-track gambling, the physical moving of races around the country to different parks became unnecessary. The City of Commerce City has purchased the land with future development use unknown at this time.

A new Adams City High School has been constructed on land at 72nd and Quebec streets. This was formerly part of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. The new school campus opened in 2009.

Geography
Commerce City, Colorado, recognized for its distinctive geographic and developmental areas, comprises the core city—often referred to as the heart of Commerce City—and the expansive Northern Range, also known as Commerce City North. Mayor Steve Douglas's administration acknowledges these two distinct regions, emphasizing a strategic approach to development that addresses their unique characteristics and potential. This recognition is instrumental in guiding the city's growth and development initiatives, aiming for balanced and inclusive advancement across both areas

Commerce City is located at 39.84083°N, -104.90111°W (39.840735, -104.901139).

At the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total area of 94.273 km2, including 1.027 km2 of water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,991 people, 6,668 households, and 4,974 families residing in the city. The population density was 812.2 PD/sqmi under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.

The demographic breakdown of the city shows a composition of 74.15% White, 3.39% African American, 1.23% Native American, 2.46% Asian, 13.15% from other races, and 5.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race constitute 46.8% of the total population.

The median income for a household in the city was $69,268 and the median wage in the city was $54,340. The labor force was 28,684 with 31,086 jobs residing within the city. About 15.3% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over.

Industry
Over 1,400 companies call Commerce City home, ranging from international and national headquarters to small businesses and entrepreneurs.

Commerce City is home to an oil refinery with a capacity of 98000 oilbbl/d. Originally, this facility existed as two separately owned refineries, one on each side of Brighton Boulevard.

Suncor Energy bought the west refinery from ConocoPhillips in 2003. A project to upgrade this facility began in August of that year.

Suncor purchased the east refinery from Valero in June 2005 with the eventual goal of combining the two operations. As a result of a lawsuit by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and a number of states (including Colorado) alleging violations of the Clean Air Act, Valero agreed in June 2005 to make pollution-reducing changes to its refineries, including the Commerce City facility. Suncor's purchase agreement included an assumption of all liability from this suit.

The west refinery's upgrade project, named "Project Odyssey," was extended to the east refinery. The west plant was shut down in February 2006 to complete the upgrade, while the east plant continued to refine 34000 oilbbl of oil per day. The completion of the $445 million project was announced in June 2006 and allows Suncor to meet the EPA's mandate to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuel. It also gives the refinery the ability to process Suncor's Canadian sour crude oil sands. The combined facility is the largest refinery in the Rocky Mountain region.

Education
Adams County school districts 27J and 14 serve Commerce City.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Commerce City include:
 * Ronnie Bradford (born 1970), football defensive back
 * Dominick Moreno (born 1985), Colorado state legislator
 * Joe Rogers (1964–2013), former Lieutenant Governor of Colorado
 * JoAnn Windholz, Colorado state legislator

In popular culture
Denver-based band DeVotchKa recorded a song called "Commerce City Sister".

title: Commerce City, Colorado


text:
Derby, Colorado

Derby is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Adams County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Derby CDP was 8,407 at the United States Census 2020. The Commerce City post office (Zip code 80022) serves the area.

History
The Derby post office was established in 1910 and remained in operation until 1963. The community is named after Derby, England.

Geography
The Derby CDP has an area of 4.570 km2, including 0.038 km2 of water.

Demographics
The United States Census Bureau initially defined the Derby CDP for the 1950 United States Census.

title: Derby, Colorado


text:
Federal Heights, Colorado

The City of Federal Heights is a home rule municipality located in western Adams County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 14,382 at the 2020 United States Census, a +25.42% increase since the 2010 United States Census. Federal Heights is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The current Mayor is Linda S. Montoya, who was elected to a four-year term in 2019.

History
The community was named for its location on Federal Boulevard and was officially incorporated in 1940.

Geography
Federal Heights is located at 39.86611°N, -105.01417°W (39.866085, −105.014160).

At the 2020 United States Census, the town had a total area of 4.604 km2 including 0.005 km2 of water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 12,065 people, 5,125 households, and 3,023 families living in the city. The population density was 6,721.0 PD/sqmi. There were 5,311 housing units at an average density of 2,958.6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 80.03% White, 1.46% African American, 1.38% Native American, 6.09% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 7.80% from other races, and 3.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.62%.

Of the 5,125 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.7% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 31.4% of households were one person and 9.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.97.

The age distribution was 24.9% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median household income was $33,750 and the median family income was $38,468. Males had a median income of $31,054 versus $25,195 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,801. About 9.2% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

Attractions
Federal Heights is the home of a major family water park named Water World.

title: Federal Heights, Colorado


text:
North Washington, Colorado

North Washington is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) in Adams County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the North Washington CDP was 733 at the United States Census 2020. The Denver Post is headquartered and printed in North Washington.

Geography
The North Washington CDP has an area of 14.053 km2, including 0.650 km2 of water.

Demographics
The United States Census Bureau initially defined the North Washington CDP for the United States Census 2000.

title: North Washington, Colorado


text:
Northglenn, Colorado

The City of Northglenn is a home rule municipality located in Adams and Weld counties, Colorado, United States. Northglenn is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the city's population was 38,131. It was built as a master planned community in 1959 by Jordon Perlmutter.

The city is directly connected to Downtown Denver via the Regional Transportation District N Line at the Northglenn/112th station.

Geography
Northglenn is located at 39.8975°N, -104.98194°W (39.897418, -104.981891).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.4 km2, of which 19.2 km2 is land and 0.2 km2, or 1.23%, is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Northglenn has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Northglenn was 108 °F on August 2, 2008, while the coldest temperature recorded was -24 °F on December 22, 1990.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Northglenn include:
 * Odell Barry (1941–2022), football wide receiver, mayor of Northglenn
 * Steve Taylor (1957- ), guitarist, singer-songwriter, producer

title: Northglenn, Colorado