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Brookfield, Missouri

Brookfield is a city in Linn County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,111 at the 2020 census.

History
Brookfield was surveyed in 1859 by John Wood Brooks, a native of Boston. John Wood Brooks is further remembered by the names of four Brookfield streets: John, Wood, Brooks, and Boston streets. A post office called Brookfield has been in operation since 1860.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.29 sqmi, of which 4.27 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,542 people, 1,892 households, and 1,146 families living in the city. The population density was 1063.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,280 housing units at an average density of 534.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.4% White, 1.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 1,892 households, of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.4% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the city was 40.6 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.9% male and 54.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,769 people, 2,058 households, and 1,234 families living in the city. The population density was 1,110.2 PD/sqmi. There were 2,394 housing units at an average density of 557.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.94% White, 1.26% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 2,058 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 24.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,753, and the median income for a family was $32,385. Males had a median income of $23,284 versus $19,004 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,842. About 14.7% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Brookfield R-III School District operates one elementary school, one middle school, Brookfield High School, and Brookfield Area Career Center.

The town has a lending library, the Brookfield Public Library.

Newspapers

 * Linn County Leader

Radio

 * KFMZ 1470, AM
 * KZBK 96.9, FM

Arts and culture
Every Labor Day weekend, Brookfield hosts the Great Pershing Balloon Derby. Every fall the Brookfield Bulldogs play the Marceline Tigers in the annual Bell Game which is one of the oldest high school football rivalries in the United States. The Bell Game won a USA Today national contest for the nations best football rivalry in 2012. The Bell Game rivalry received 1,761,878 votes and won a $10,000 prize divided equally between Brookfield and Marceline.

Every year Brookfield hosts Twin Parks Summer Festival, a festival that takes place in the Twin Parks and on Main Street. The Twin Parks Summer Festival marks the start of summer for families in and around Brookfield, with activities including craft vendors, a baby contest, games, and a concert on Main Street featuring prominent acts.

Notable people

 * Doris Akers, gospel singer and composer, was born in Brookfield and resided there until age five.
 * Virgil Blossom, Superintendent of Schools of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Nine, was born in Brookfield in 1906.
 * Don Pratt, the highest-ranking Allied officer killed on D-Day, was born in Brookfield in 1892.
 * Jeff Roe, Republican political consultant, was born in Brookfield in 1970 and lived there until joining the Army at age 16.
 * Howard A. Rusk, prominent physician and founder of the Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, was born in Brookfield in 1901.
 * Nellie Showalter, an early women's chess champion, was born in Brookfield in 1870.
 * Dorothy C. Stratton, the first woman to be commissioned an officer in U.S. Coast Guard, was born in Brookfield in 1899.

title: Brookfield, Missouri


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Bucklin, Missouri

Bucklin is a city in southeast Linn County, Missouri, United States. The population was 413 at the 2020 census.

History
Bucklin was laid out in 1854, and named after James H. Bucklin, a railroad official of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. A post office called Bucklin has been in operation since 1860. Bucklin was the 1st location of the (1st) Missouri Farmers Association (now called Midwest Farmers Association, more known by the initials of MFA). The building still stands here today abandoned. And is in need of restoring or diminution. It is a hazard to pedestrians with falling bricks.

Geography
Bucklin is located on Missouri Route 129 approximately 5.5 miles northeast of Marceline. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and the Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad both pass through the community.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.18 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 467 people, 228 households, and 132 families living in the city. The population density was 395.8 PD/sqmi. There were 271 housing units at an average density of 229.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.4% White, 0.2% Native American, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 228 households, of which 17.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.1% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.63.

The median age in the city was 48.8 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.4% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 24% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.9% male and 50.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 524 people, 241 households, and 145 families living in the city. The population density was 442.6 PD/sqmi. There were 273 housing units at an average density of 230.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.09% White, 0.57% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 241 households, out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 25.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,490, and the median income for a family was $26,000. Males had a median income of $23,500 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,709. About 17.3% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.7% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Bayard H. Faulkner (1894–1983), Mayor of Montclair, New Jersey, and chairman of the 1950 Commission on Municipal Government that created the Faulkner Act, named in his honor.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bucklin, Missouri


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Laclede, Missouri

Laclede is a city in Linn County, Missouri. The population was 305 at the 2020 census, down from 345 in 2010.

History
Laclede was platted in 1853. The city was named for Pierre Laclède, the founder of St. Louis.

A post office called Laclede has been in operation since 1856. In July 2011 the United States Postal Service announced plans to permanently close the Laclede post office as part of a nationwide restructuring plan.

The Locust Creek Covered Bridge, Gen. John J. Pershing Boyhood Home, and Plum Grove School are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.27 sqmi, of which 1.25 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 345 people, 163 households, and 95 families living in the city. The population density was 276.0 PD/sqmi. There were 197 housing units at an average density of 157.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.3% White, 0.6% African American, 0.9% Native American, and 0.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3% of the population.

There were 163 households, of which 20.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.7% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.73.

The median age in the city was 46.3 years. 19.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 30.2% were from 45 to 64; and 22.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 415 people, 182 households, and 117 families living in the city. The population density was 333.3 PD/sqmi. There were 200 housing units at an average density of 160.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.6% White, 1.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.69% of the population.

There were 182 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,688, and the median income for a family was $29,519. Males had a median income of $22,422 versus $18,542 for females. The per capita income for the city is $11,890. About 12.8% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 25.6% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person
John Joseph Pershing, Army general; commander of the AEF in World War I, was born near Laclede in 1860.

title: Laclede, Missouri


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Linneus, Missouri

Linneus is a small city in Linn County, Missouri, United States. The population was 281 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Linn County.

History
Linneus was designated county seat in 1839. Originally Linnville, its name was changed to honor Carl Linnaeus in 1840. A post office called Linneus has been in operation since 1840.

The Linn County Courthouse and Linn County Jail and Sheriff's Residence are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.08 sqmi, of which 1.07 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 278 people, 120 households, and 79 families living in the city. The population density was 259.8 PD/sqmi. There were 149 housing units at an average density of 139.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.6% White, 1.1% African American, and 0.4% Asian.

There were 120 households, of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.2% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 44 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.3% were from 25 to 44; 33.1% were from 45 to 64; and 14.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 369 people, 153 households, and 98 families living in the city. The population density was 341.0 PD/sqmi. There were 166 housing units at an average density of 153.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.37% White, 1.08% African American, 0.27% Asian, 0.27% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.27% of the population.

There were 153 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $30,250. Males had a median income of $25,417 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,437. About 8.6% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Linneus, Missouri


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Talk:Kalinago

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Cannibalism
The article says:

 * The word "cannibal" is derived from Carib.

But according to the Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture:
 * the word "cannibal" has a Latin American origin. It came from Columbus' hearing the Carib Indians called Caniba. The Carib were feared cannibal warriors of the Antilles in his time.

So I'm going to say that the Caribs were cannibalistic -- i.e., eaters of human flesh. --Ed Poor
 * What you mean is that Comumbus and the Spaniards believed that the Caribs were eaters of human flesh Slrubenstein
 * To be precise, what I mean is Historian James W. Dow called the Carib "feared cannibal warriors". The issue this leaves open is who feared the Carib and why. Did other tribes warn the Spaniards about the Carib, accusing the Carib of cannibalism? --Ed Poor
 * The Arawak (Taino) warned him although it appears that the tribes were at war with each other at the time. --rmhermen

 * Well, Ed, to be even more precise, you mean "Anthropologist James W. Dow noted that Columbus heard that Arawak called the Carib's "cannibals." There are several issues here that need to be unpacked.  First is, how to characterize a group.  The U.S. has nuclear weapons, and has used them, and has no problem identifying itself as a "nuclear power" -- but would not want others to characterize America as a "rogue state" or as a "nuclear terrorist."  For one thing,k there are many other things, even very good things, that characterizes the USA.  Similarly, Caribs may or may not have eaten human flesh.  Let's say that they did.  Surely there are many other things that characterize their culture.  Why for so many years where they characterized by Europeans primarily as cannibals?  Note, I am not asking whether they should or should not be called cannibals.  My point is that when people are called cannibals, it is often for other reasons than the possibility (or fact) that they practice cannibalism.  Another issue has to do with names in general.  The Arawak called the Carib "cannibals."  In fact, there are many cases, around the world, of one group calling another group with which it is at war "cannibals."  I think "Eskimo" is Athabascan for cannibal.  This does not mean that we should accept this as an appelation.  This would be like an anthropologist in Germany in 1940 asking a Nazi (i.e. leader of the group) what those people over there are called, and being told "Christ-killers," and then forever opening articles on Jews with "Jews, also called Christ Killers, "  Note, even if you inserted the words "By many" or "by some" after "called," I do not think you would be achieving NPOV. Slrubenstein

 * Hey, I didn't mean to pick a fight. I got nothing against cannibals, provided they don't murder me for food. Maybe Columbus's interest in cannibals was less about how to avoid being eaten than about how to pick up as many slaves as possible -- using the "cannibals may be enslaved" rule.

 * I think I see the point of the "Christ-killers" analogy. It's open season on those bastards, so let's go get 'em! (Rather like the "brainwashed Moonies" argument which fueled the deprogramming industry during 1975-1995.) --Ed Poor
 * precisely. Slrubenstein
 * The Moonies' aggressive, humiliating recruitment practices got a mention from a U.S. Congress probe in 1978. I wouldn't be so quick to dismiss them, except that the Washington Times's success has helped clean up their image.

HISTORICAL REFERENCES:

In Samuel Eliot Morison’s Pulitzer Prize willing history of Columbus, Admiral of the Ocean Sea: A Life of Christopher Columbus (Little Brown, 1942), Morison recounts the findings of an exploration party of 200 men, put ashore on on the island of Guadeloupe in Nov. of 1493 (that being the admiral’s second voyage to the new world with an armada of 17 ships).

 * “The searching party found plentiful evidence of these unpleasant Carib habits which were responsible for a new word -- cannibal -- in the European languages. In the huts deserted by the warriors, who ungallantly fled, they found large cuts and joints of human flesh, shin bones set aside to make arrows of, caponized Arawak boy captives who were being fattened for the griddle, and girl captives who were mainly used to produce babies, which the Caribs regarded as a particularly toothsome morsel.” p.407

Earlier in Morison’s history; Columbus’s shore parties on the first voyage, repeated meet up with peaceful Taino natives on Cuba, Hispaniola, and islands in the Bahamas who emphatically warn against the Caribs and constantly refer to them as flesh eaters and aggressive warriors to be avoided at all costs. Carib raiding parties, in search of new tasty flesh, is stated as one of the primary reasons why native villages on Hispaniola were constructed inland, out of sight from passing Carib vessels.

There also seems to be some attempt afoot, powered by the degenerative disease of “political correctness”, to lessen or nullify the gravity of cannibalism by now prefacing it with the term “ritual”. Oh please, cannot we call a duck - a duck? If it walks like a duck... quacks like a duck... The fact is that many peoples in these latitudes across Mesoamerica (particularly the Aztecs and many Mayan associated Indian tribes) heavily engaged in the eating of human flesh. A careful read of:

 * Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (The True History of the Conquest of New Spain) written by Bernal Diaz del Castillo (1492-1585) in 1568, remained unpublished for nearly fifty years, first published in 1632 after the manuscript was found in a Madrid library. English language translation by John Ingram Lockhart, London. written 1844 Entitled:
 * The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz Del Castillo written by himself, containing a true and full account of the Discovery and Conquest of Mexico and New Spain, Translated from the Original Spanish by John Ingram Lockhart. (In Two Volumes)

will reveal so many instances of human flesh consumption, that it becomes totally commonplace to the author and reader alike. There are also several mentions of cages in many cities, which were used to detain and fatten individuals before being dispensed with, chopped up, then boiled or roasted by the locals for savory consumption. A footnote in Volume 2 reads:

 * [29] The Spaniards at length, it would appear, took little notice of this barbarous custom of eating human flesh, so common among the Indians. Even here we see it is mentioned very coolly by Bernal Diaz. Human flesh certainly formed part of the provisions which Indian warriors carried with them when going out to battle. Both Gomara and Torquemada mention, that when Sandoval had defeated the warriors of Matlaltzinco, he found among their baggage a quantity of maise and numbers of roasted children. (p. 114.)

It is highly possible that the “culture of cannibalism” or zeal for human meat, slowly drifted into the Caribs from a once distant Meso-American, perhaps Mayan connection, across northern South America and ultimately, up the Lesser Antilles. Can you hear the ancient conversation between two Caribs from different islands, first tasting of the unknown meat:

“''Hey, this is very tasty! What is it?''”, says the visiting Indian. “''Oh, you like it, aye? Well, its roasted baby of my enemy... we have it on holidays (when we can get it)''”.

Citations I am studying indigenous people during the colonial era and I noticed there are not many citations in the cannibalism section of this article. I do not believe this provides a neutral tone and I would like to view these sources for class as well. I will not remove the information at the moment but will look to make contributions with citations first. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rhone4ray (talk • contribs) 19:45, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

 * "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila" written in 1865 by Pascual de Andagoya... states "Castellanos says that these Indians were called Caribs (or Cannibals), not because they ate human flesh, but because they defended their houses well. "No porque alli comiesen carne humana Mas porque defendian bien su casa." In reading the entire book and learning about all the different "indians" they met along the way, some were cannibals and some were not. --The Eloquent Peasant (talk) 22:47, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

NPOV problems
I feel that this article is not written from a neutral point of view. Basic ethnographic sensitivity is amiss in the way it is so categorically and judgementally worded. Needs work. Mona-Lynn 23:17, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Remarks after rewriting
I removed the following tendentioius passages from this article:

1. Although some Native Americans practiced cannibalism (as did some Europeans), Columbus's characterization of the Carib as eaters of human flesh more likely reflected his desire to represent them as savages, for

2. They only started to fight when attacked by the Europeans.They used to inhabit various Caribbean islands, but were later pushed out by European colonists and were able to retain only two islands Dominica and Saint Vincent.

But the Caribs had driven out the Arawaks, which the article seems to condone. There is no need to comment on the rights and wrongs of such historical events, though of course others' comments upon them can be presented without violating NPOV. Citation of sources would help. In general, however, the earlier version of the article seems a piece of advocacy rather than an encyclopedia article. Mark K. Jensen 06:09, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Have done another round of rewriting. Took out the part about women being servants because I feel that we should not pass such judgements on behaviours in societies, but rather, simply give the facts. Also adjusted teh cannibalism stuff a little more. I've a feeling more could be said about them culturally as well as geopolitically but this is all the time I have for today. Mona-Lynn 22:18, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * : I also agree, Cannabalism was a rumor started to set the grounds for colonization. As for the women being servants, not true at all. The society is actually matrilineal also. - Yami_Cassie

Added by anon

 * "Galibi" was he word for the group of people who lived on the leeward side of the islands, the better calmer side. When Columbus landed on the islands, like any good sailor, he always set anchor on the leeward side and thus got a consistant reply to his questions "who are you?".

Dominica or "Waitukubuli"was given to the Caribs as part of a tri-partite neutrality agreement between the French, English and Caribs in 1660. The Caribs agreed to stop attecking the colonial settlements on the other islands in return for an island all of their own, uncolonised. After the French revolution french aristocrats had to quickly move from Matinique and Guadeloupe and the Caribs allowed them to live temporarily on the beach front in Dominica. Soon after the new arrivals planted gardens etc and established themselves, contrary to the treaty. In 1720 the French sent a governer to the island, neglecting the treaty that the Caribs had honored. Today the Carib reserve is a small area on the windward side of the island and is still shrinking. There are about 3000 people there and a Carib chief. There is a primary school in the center of the Reserve, but older childen go to secondary schools outside the Resrve to the north or south. Women still make waterproof woven baskets in the same manner described by Columbuses reporters, the Catholic priests. The Catholic Church has had a presence since Columbus' arrival, but the first Carib to accept communion did so in the late 1890s. Then it was decided that the act of communiuon, and "transsubstantiation" of Jesus's blood and body were the equivalent of the older Carib custom of eating pieces of the organs of the bravest enemy to acquire strength. This was the basis for the claimed "anthropomorhism" which Queen Isabella had considered beyong the pale.
 * Allan Brown

This is unsourced, and at least in some cases, seems actually wrong. Some of the info is good and should go into the article, but not "as is", so I moved it here. Guettarda 22:32, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Cannibalism
A few questions. Above in talk, it is noted that the Arawaks of Hispaniola told Columbus that the Caribs were cannibals. The article itself implies that the accusations of cannibalism were made up by the Spanish to justify enslaving the Caribs. (This latter seems especially unlikely, given that, well, the Caribs weren't especially noted for being enslaved by the Spanish, unlike the never-accused-of-being-cannibals Arawaks).

At any rate, what I want to know is - is the case for the cannibalism of the Caribs really so weak as this article makes out? Cannibalism is a reasonably common practice of primitive human societies, although the Caribs seem as though they were more advanced than most known cannibalistic societies. On the other hand, the Aztecs were considerably more advanced than the Caribs, and certainly practiced ritual cannibalism. I do not know a great deal about the Caribs, but what I vaguely remember from my Caribbean History class a few years back does not include anything nearly so dismissive of the Caribs' alleged cannibalism as is present in this article. The Columbia Encyclopedia says simply that they did practice cannibalism. Britannica only says that they were alleged to, but does not make the rather sweeping claim that there is no evidence that they did practice cannibalism. I suggest that we remove the sentence that says there is no evidence of cannibalism, and probably also remove the sentence about the Queen's proclamation, since it's a weird one. Instead, I think we should simply have what we currently have about them being accused of cannibalism, and then say that the evidence for cannibalism is inconclusive. john k 07:39, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I have heard both people who argue strongly that they were not cannibals, and those who say the evidence is inconclusive. But with regards to slavery, it was a big issue.  See History of Trinidad and Tobago.  The demand for slaves was great, but the Spanish could not enslave "peaceful" Arawaks, so just a few years after Trinidad was described as have the only "friendly" population in the area, demand for slaves in the pearl fisheries of Margarita resulted in the Trinidians being declared "Caribs".  Guettarda 10:42, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't this sentence: "Claims of cannibalism, however, must be seen in light of the fact that in 1503, Queen Isabella ruled that only cannibals could be legally taken as slaves, which gave Europeans an incentive to identify various Amerindian groups as cannibals" then really end in ".. as Caribs, who were considered cannibals"? Caribs were accused of cannibalism already in the 1490's and that ruling was meant to protect the "good" indians such as the Tainos. 213.243.181.233 00:56, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Okay, gotcha on that. (But they did enslave "peaceful" Arawaks, didn't they?) At any rate, I'll will revise my suggestion for changes: remove teh sentence that says there is no evidence, and instead say that the evidence is inconclusive. Leave in the sentence about Isabella's proclamation, although perhaps clarify a bit. john k 21:07, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I know wiki's amateurish, but how about some attempt at research and citation in this article? I also suggest people spouting uninformed garbage about 'primitive' and 'advanced' peoples should refrain from making any edit on a topic dealing with indigenous, non-western societies. Go learn something first.

 * "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila" written in 1865 by Pascual de Andagoya... states "Castellanos says that these Indians were called Caribs (or Cannibals), not because they ate human flesh, but because they defended their houses well. "No porque alli comiesen carne humana Mas porque defendian bien su casa." In reading the entire book and learning about all the different "indians" they met along the way, some were cannibals and some were not. --The Eloquent Peasant (talk) 22:47, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

-

False Histories
I believe that the term African is misused and serves in many respects to mask the genuine history of autochithonous races.

I'm saying that in fact the black peoples found by Europeans to be living alongside or separate from the yellow and red races termed as Amerindian, are actually the remnant of the original inhabitants of the Americas.

The influx of disparate racial traits did not occur in the way almost all discourse on this subject presents it.

Blacks were there before anyone else.

The term African is a general term applied in recent times to anyone with dark skin and curly hair. This is an erroneous title. Africa is in fact a Roman word derived from a member of the Anemoi or indigenous Roman pantheon of deities. AFRICUS is the Roman god representing the wind coming from a South Westerly direction. The territory which is now modern Tunisia was a new province acquired from the Carthaginians by the Romans.

They called it Africa (feminine form of Africus) because it lay to the SW across the sea from Rome (Africus being a possible derivative of an early Aryan language word for "Apricot" - on account of the wafting smell of that fruit coming across the Mediterranean - from a land then teeming with prolific vegetation; thus was deified a directional wind).

Just as Asia was named by Aryan language speakers describing an attribute (a land in the direction of the rising sun), so were other continents. Even Europe has an obscure and surprising meaning based on what was found in that land: Euros + Ops or Black Face.

So you see, to call the black indigenous peoples of the Americas African is misleading. They may not have come from the continent named Africa to begin with. Postulation says that many came across the Pacific Ocean or via land bridges existing at the time of their migration.

I believe the original people of these lands were supplanted by novel strains of humanity and that the white Europeans who arrived in the Americas were merely a second wave of non-black migration. They simply stumbled upon the consequences of an original influx of non-blacks; the remnant of the first wave constitutes the red and yellow straight haired inhabitants wrongly labeled as Indian, or this case Caribs. For the sake of ownership rights the Europeans simply masked the true identities of the original peoples claiming they were African slaves.

Why do I say this? Please explain how there can be an African slave trade responsible for the marooning of African blood in these islands BEFORE "European" intervention!

Read Rafinesque in the Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge 1933. Page 85. - the same responsible for the pre-Carib term: Taino. He states clearly that the people of the Orinoco were Negro.; he cites various observations which confirm the blackness of the original Americans and their Caribbean migrations, all prior to any kind of maritime slave trade.

How could there be black tribes in the Caribbean before the arrival of Columbus?

And yes quite obviously the non-black Caribs were found there in a position of dominance. They had the same propensity for land grabbing as the Europeans who arrived later. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 112.198.90.157 (talk) 04:48, 4 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Rafinesque is not a source we would use for this - or much else other than his own opinions. Dougweller (talk) 10:56, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Very interesting. The article 'Genetic evidence for two founding populations of the Americas' by Skoglund, Patterson, Reich et al in the July 23, 2015 issue of 'Nature' presents DNA evidence that may support this hypothesis. See: Skoglund et al -- P999 (talk) 19:23, 6 November 2015 (UTC)

Etymology of Carib
Two etymologies for the word "Carib" have been given in the article, I'm moving them here as neither are referenced. This was added by an anon:

 * The word Carib is derived from the Arabic word Qaarib (قارب) literally meaning "boat" or "that which approaches (as a boat's approach)" and the Qaaribee (قاربي) is one who is associated with boats. One plural form of Qaaribee is Qaaribeeyeen (قاربيين) from where Caribbean is derived.

This was added by Blakwolf (I edited it some):
 * Carib or Caribe signifies "brave and daring", from Tupi caryba, or superior man.

They are contradictory, and I don't think they should be put back in w/o references.--Cúchullain t/ c 17:08, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The Arabic root is nonsense. The Tupi root would need to be sourced.  Guettarda 22:31, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

The account of Carib cannibalism from Columbus's first voyage is persuasive (p. 407, SE Morrison). At that earliest European encounter, Columbus was not looking for slaves. He was looking for China and was pleased to have "Indian" help. It is clear from his accounts that the Taino and Arawak as far from the Lesser Antilles as the Bahamas were terrified of the Carib -- for good reason, because the Carib were more warlike, better armed and had a culture and economy based to a large extent on raiding and slaving, of which cannibalism was a prosaic part. Of course, Spanish colonists subsequently enslaved natives of many tribes, but they needed no excuse of cannibalism to do so, slavery being a reflection of a widespread contemporary norm. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Burke242 (talk • contribs) 19:57, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

 * "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila" written in 1865 by Pascual de Andagoya... states "Castellanos says that these Indians were called Caribs (or Cannibals), not because they ate human flesh, but because they defended their houses well. "No porque alli comiesen carne humana Mas porque defendian bien su casa." In reading the entire book and learning about all the different "indians" they met along the way, some were cannibals and some were not. --The Eloquent Peasant (talk) 22:47, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

Intro Question
They spoke Kalhíphona, a Maipurean language (Arawakan), although the men spoke either a Carib language or a pidgin. If they're Caribs, shouldn't they all speak Carib? Rather vague and ambiguous. T e  k e  01:06, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Carib ¨habitat¨
''Caribs did migrated from Venezuela to Caribbean islands, but it is wrong to say that they are from this islands,because the main of the carib race remained(to this day), in Venezuela and Colombia.--Andres rojas22 23:19, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Caribs today
According to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, some Caribs live there today. According to Dominica, the only population of Caribs lives there. According to this article (Carib) they live now only in Dominica and Tobago. It does not mention Saint Vincent.

My question: where exactly do Caribs live today? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 80.178.128.196 (talk) 19:05, 23 March 2007 (UTC).

The Facts: If you like to find out the truth about the caribs of St. Vincent visit http://www.svgtourism.com/channels/1.asp?id=60 it was writen by people that was born there. And yes there still a lot of caribs there.They are fownd in dominica.

Patriarchate yes or not?
IMHO this sentence is pointless: However, women were highly revered and held substantial socio-political power. Women were "highly reverted" in which way? by whom? references? which "substantial socio-political power" they had? references? --Dia^ (talk) 20:25, 19 December 2007 (UTC) If women were the agricultures and " revered" then it was a matriarchal society. This article pushes a current day agenda for patriarchy instead of accepting a likely hood of a even a dual rule society where women and men both had first class status. a closely related question is Soldier versus war waging? Today we have food industry, military ,republic and patriarchy. So again, the combination of farmer and warrior clash as much as the pointless sentences above. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.220.127.110 (talk) 17:32, 6 August 2014 (UTC)

Columbus did not understand the Carib language
So I added a to the statement "While Columbus was there, three young Carib slaves that had been castrated, fled to him and sought shelter, claiming they were soon to be eaten."

Belief about giant snake
I removed this from the article page:

"== Beliefs =

The caribs believed in the king snake (this is a huge snake, it is 250 metres high, it has a crown of a chicken, it crows like a chicken in the morning.) the caribs believed that the king snake emerged out of the sea and came onto the land. if the snake was to be removed, the earth would be destroyed. The king snake left a concrete path when it came out of the sea.every full moon the king snake were given virgin females as sacrefices to prevent famine and to not destroy the earth. Up till this day, some caribs still believe that the snake resides in the earth."

I think it's interesting, but dubious enough to need a citation and (obviously) some style cleanup before being added back in. Anyone feel free to do it! --auk (talk) 04:35, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Narrow focus
This article focuses almost entirely on the Caribs in centuries past. There is no discussion of the modern people and modern culture. Though the modern tribe is small that still seems to me a glaring omission.

 * http://www.avirtualdominica.com/caribs.cfm
 * http://www.caribindians.net
 * Garifuna

192.88.165.35 (talk) 14:32, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

Huge mess
Our articles on the various Carib groups and associated topics are extremely confused. Currently we have:
 * Carib people, this article, which mostly discusses the people more usually called the Island Caribs or Kalinago
 * Island Carib language, the language of the Island Carib, also known as Igneri - not a Cariban language
 * Kali'na people, which appears to discuss the mainland Caribs or Kalina
 * Carib language or Kalina, a Cariban language spoken by the mainland Caribs but not the Island Caribs
 * Cariban languages, a language family including Carib/Kalina but not Island Carib

To make matters worse, this article includes a bit of material on the mainland Caribs but doesn't sufficiently point to the article that focuses on them (Kali'na people). Similarly, Kali'na people doesn't even mention the term "Carib" and doesn't point back to this article. We definitely need a good article on the Island Caribs. I propose we:
 * Move Carib people to Island Caribs, since it mostly covers them, moving non-Island Carib material to the Kalina people article and explaining appropriately
 * Move Carib (disambiguation) to Carib and clean it up to include Kalina people
 * Match the name of Carib language to the Kalina people article

All these articles need much more work, but this should be good for a start.--Cúchullain t/ c 20:57, 22 May 2014 (UTC)

 * I was bold and went ahead with these moves. If anything, it should help with the many articles that link to "Carib" or "Kalina..." intending the other people or their language.--Cúchullain t/ c 11:36, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

I'm working on tidying up the History section.Mikesiva (talk) 11:01, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

patriarchy
the article states: "Early Carib culture was patriarchal. Women carried out the important domestic duties of rearing young children, processing and producing food and clothing .   .   ."

isn't this true of nearly all known societies, i.e., that men control most or nearly all political power, women raise young children, cook and make most clothes?

even in our modern age with washing machines, dishwashers, ovens and all the rest, and baby formula and disposable diapers, women and older girls still do the vast majority of these tasks, and raise small children? even most early education teachers are women.

..................................

What is the point of the above comment? Melba1 (talk) 05:38, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

Added information on cannibalism
There is no consensus among academics about cannibalism among the Caribs, but it reviewing the literature it seem like the majority believe there was at last endocannibalism. The Wikipedia entry suggests that there was no cannibalism, but that view is held by a minority of academics. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArboristSF (talk • contribs) 22:01, 12 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Seems like this has been discussed a bit earlier. You're suggesting that the majority of academics believe that Caribs were cannibals - do you have sources for this? The prose on cannibalism should only be modified on sourced information, as this is a contentious issue and the manner of presentation does cross into the realm of history revisionism (that goes both ways). Perhaps bring the majority academia you reference this talk page first, let folks discuss it, and if there's consensus then move the changes to the main article. --   R45    talk! 22:07, 12 October 2015 (UTC)
 * The problem currently with that section is that it heavily contradicts itself. On one side it says that cannibalism was "apparently religious" and they only ate war enemies, while on the other side it says that there was no cannibalism whatsoever..ever..at all. The second point seems unlikely anyhow. If there is no concensus, quotes by individual historians should not be shown as if they are the consensus IMO. Bataaf van Oranje (Prinsgezinde) (talk) 16:59, 5 May 2016 (UTC)
 * "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila" written in 1865 by Pascual de Andagoya... states "Castellanos says that these Indians were called Caribs (or Cannibals), not because they ate human flesh, but because they defended their houses well. "No porque alli comiesen carne humana Mas porque defendian bien su casa." In reading the entire book and learning about all the different "indians" they met along the way, some were cannibals and some were not. --The Eloquent Peasant (talk) 22:47, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

Food: pre-Columbian versus later
I expected to see some information on the pre-Columbian indigenous cuisine in the "Food" section, but instead there are references to Old World foods such as pepper, lemon and pig. The section needs work. Tmangray (talk) 17:13, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

This document seems to be imbalanced.
After reading through this document, I have a few critiques on this document. The Garifuna are used far too often, and the article disproportionately discusses the African/Carib ethnicity. The article seems to be far too much about people of African descent than of Carib ancestry. The addition of the section 'Garifuna Music' seems to be misplaced as about one variant of Carib music. Maybe this should be expanded to include other options of surviving Carib music. Such as music from the Kalina people. Another worrying aspect is the lack of citation in the article. One example of this is from this passage:

"They intermarried with the Carib and formed the last native culture to resist the British. It was not until 1795 that British colonists transported the so-called "Black Caribs" to Roatan Island, off Honduras. Their descendants continue to live there today and are known as the Garifuna ethnic group. Carib resistance delayed the settlement of Dominica by Europeans. The so-called "Black Carib" communities that remained in St. Vincent and Dominica retained a degree of autonomy well into the 19th century.

The last known speakers of Island Carib died in the 1930s, and the language is extinct."

How can you prove this? Where is the proof that the Island Carib language died in the 1930's? A recommendation would simply be to expand the amount of citation or attach all the available information that comes from the available sources.

All together my recommendations is to take less of an emphasis toward the Garifuna people and add more citations to the document or at least attach proper citations to the necessary information.

(Eris Pinto (talk) 02:11, 11 March 2017 (UTC))

Plagiarism
This article's content is substantially plagiarized from [Aspiring Minds Trinidad and Tobago|https://www.aspiringmindstandt.com/caribs], a source which appears to be of dubious reliability.

Compare:

"They did not farm very well so they relied less on maize and cassava but still knew how to grow them. Although they were not very good farmers, the Kalinago were excellent fishermen and were not afraid of long voyages. Their diet consisted of lots of protein: they ate manatees, ducks, iguanas, and lots of fish among other foods."

"They did not farm very well so they relied less on maize and cassava but still knew how to grow them. Although they were not very good farmers, the Caribs were excellent fishermen and were not afraid of long voyages. Their diet consisted of lots of protein: they ate manatees, ducks, iguanas, and fish, among other foods."

Other sections are similarly lifted. I will be deleting the plagiarized content until such time as it can be rewritten. TallNapoleon (talk) 03:17, 16 December 2017 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that the plagiarism is in the other direction. Most of the article in the "Our History" part of their site are partially or completely lifted from wikipedia pages. In the case of this page, the citations are poor, so it is hard to tell. But the colonial histories from that site are lifted from History of Trinidad and Tobago, including stuff that is decently referenced in the wikipedia page (but isn't in theirs). I'm all for pushing this page to have better citations, but I don't think there is plagiarism here. Also, for what it is worth, here is the edit where the material you removed was added. Smmurphy(Talk) 03:48, 16 December 2017 (UTC)
 * The Wayback Machine doesn't have any captures from https://www.aspiringmindstandt.com/caribs earlier than March 2017. While that isn't definitive, it strongly suggests that the October 2015 edit here came first. Nick Number (talk) 05:37, 16 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Hmmmm, we had it cited as a source on the relevant sections, which were written in an oddly conversational and not particularly Wiki-like tone. DNS lookup shows that that site was created December 2016; the citations were added in March of this past year: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Island_Caribs&type=revision&diff=770863367&oldid=769251653. As I've not generally been involved editing this page, I am fine with my deletion being reverted, so long as unsourced content is either sourced or removed. TallNapoleon (talk) 06:30, 16 December 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm flagging that this content was never restored. Why not reintroduce it while slapping 'citation needed' notices on the restored sections? J. E. C. E. (talk) 14:42, 9 April 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 5 October 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) —[[User:Nnadigoodluck|'''Nnadigoodluck ''']] █ █ █ 12:37, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

Island Caribs → Kalinago – Naming conventions. News coverage clearly indicates that "Kalinago" is the term of self-identification used. For example: https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/preliminary-count-puts-22-year-old-ahead-in-kalinago-chief-election/ DoSazunielle (talk) 13:32, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

Adding Background Information About Canoes
I have recently started learning about the Kalinago and came across this Wikipedia page. I read the section about the Canoe project and how they got attention for their canoes, but I wondered why the canoes were so important to the Kalinago. I did some research and wanted to add background information about the canoes and discuss why they were and still are important to their economy and material culture. I am new to Wikipedia but I wanted to put this idea out there before I uploaded it to the page or made any changes. Thanks! --Ashyfire2024 (talk) 16:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

History
what food did the kalinago not eat. 207.204.103.16 (talk) 14:52, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

Gender relationship in ther kalinago villages
Tell me about the gender relationship in the kalinago villages 63.143.124.93 (talk) 17:07, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Neutrality?
I notice while reading this article that the language used in the article is often self-contradictory. "Kalinago" is said to be the correct term with "Caribs" being a historical term with derogatory connotations. Despite this, the term "Caribs" is used throughout the article as if it is an acceptable modern term for the Kalinago. When reading this, the article is difficult to understand because of this. It also seems at some points to rebuke previous myths about the Kalinago but later claims these things are true of the "Caribs." Just difficult for a layperson to understand, and unfortunately, I am one of those laypeople so I can't fix it.

Another related issue is that the article varies from present to past tense when discussing a people group who still exist, e.g. "[T]hey spoke an unrelated language known as Island Carib." Do they still speak this language? Has the language been renamed in the meantime? I have no idea. 32.220.167.21 (talk) 23:36, 20 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I can only speak for Trinidad where Caribs call themselves "Caribs" or "first people". See Carib Queen. Also, they speak English, and the Carib/Arawak language heritage mainly remains through names of places. Kind regards, Grueslayer 08:20, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Many of the Garifuna people (previously called "Black Caribs") of Central America speak the Garifuna language, an Arawakan language with many European and African loan words that developed on Saint Vincent and Dominica. As far as I know, no Arawakan language has survived in the West Indies. "Carib" has been traditionally the name applied to certain peoples of the Lesser Antilles, and was used even in scholarly sources until quite recently. As content in Wikipedia is supposed to be based on reliable sources, many of which use "Carib", it is not surprising that the term is often used in this Wikipedia article. Retrospectively applying current naming standards to older sources can raise its own neutrality issues. Donald Albury 13:37, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
 * You raise valid points about the internal consistency of the article, but I do not think it is a matter of lacking neutrality.
 * The Name section of the article clears up the naming problem, but I agree that the introduction needs to be clarified/rewritten to be consistent with the Name section.
 * IMO, the neutrality notice could be removed.
 * Jolta (talk) 08:19, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kalinago


text:
Meadville, Missouri

Meadville is a city in southwest Linn County, Missouri, United States. The population was 415 at the 2020 census.

History
A post office called Meadville has been in operation since 1869. The community was named for Charles Mead, superintendent of the St. Joseph Railroad.

Geography
Meadville is located in southwestern Linn County on Missouri Route 139 one half mile north of US Route 36. Laclede is seven miles to the east and Wheeling is four miles west in adjacent Livingston County. Parson Creek flows past one mile to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.54 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 462 people, 183 households, and 131 families living in the city. The population density was 855.6 PD/sqmi. There were 204 housing units at an average density of 377.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.1% White, 0.2% African American, 0.4% from other races, and 0.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 183 households, of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.4% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.02.

The median age in the city was 36.8 years. 28.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 22% were from 45 to 64; and 18.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 457 people, 185 households, and 120 families living in the city. The population density was 1,118.4 PD/sqmi. There were 209 housing units at an average density of 511.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.91% White, 0.44% African American, 0.22% from other races, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 185 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the city the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,841, and the median income for a family was $38,929. Males had a median income of $24,250 versus $17,386 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,427. About 1.6% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * J. D. Barnett, basketball coach.
 * Irene Barnes Taeuber, demographer

title: Meadville, Missouri


text:
Purdin, Missouri

Purdin is a city in northwest Linn County, Missouri, United States. The population was 141 at the 2020 census.

History
Purdin was platted in 1873. The community was named for its founder, Allen W. Purdin. A post office called Purdin has been in operation since 1877.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.31 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 190 people, 79 households, and 49 families residing in the city. The population density was 612.9 PD/sqmi. There were 99 housing units at an average density of 319.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.5% White and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 79 households, of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.0% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.18.

The median age in the city was 36 years. 27.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 20.5% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 223 people, 96 households, and 57 families residing in the city. The population density was 717.1 PD/sqmi. There were 110 housing units at an average density of 353.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.10% White, 0.45% African American, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.

There were 96 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $19,750, and the median income for a family was $25,625. Males had a median income of $23,438 versus $20,536 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,636. About 27.9% of families and 28.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 9.8% of those 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Bonnie Leman, magazine publisher.

title: Purdin, Missouri


text:
Chillicothe, Missouri

Chillicothe is a city in the state of Missouri and the county seat of Livingston County, Missouri, United States. The population was 9,107 at the 2020 census. The name "Chillicothe" is Shawnee for "big town", and was named after their principal town Chillicothe, located since 1774 about a mile from the present-day city of Chillicothe, Ohio. Chillicothe is known as "The Home of Sliced Bread".

History of Chillicothe and Livingston County
This territory was originally settled by indigenous peoples of the Americas. The Osage and Missouri were in the territory at the time of earliest European contact, which was mostly by French explorers and traders. By 1800 the Shawnee and Iowa had migrated here. The Shawnee came from the Ohio Country, where they had been under pressure before the American Revolution from aggressive Iroquois and later encroaching European Americans. Displacing the Osage, the Shawnee had a major village known as Chillicothe about a mile from the present-day city, named after their historic capital in their traditional lands in Ohio. Chillicothe was also the name of a major band of the tribe. Other Native American tribes in the area were the Sac and Fox, and Pottawatomi, all of whom hunted in the area.

In the early 19th century, European-American migration to Missouri increased. The original survey of Chillicothe by United States citizens was filed for record August 31, 1837, and a resurvey of the same was filed August 5, 1859. Chillicothe was incorporated as a city by an act of the General Assembly, approved March 1, 1855. It was selected as the County seat by commissioners and the first term of the county court began on May 7, 1838. In August of that year an order was made to erect the first Court House, the cost not to exceed $5,000, in the Public Square; The first circuit court for the trial of civil and criminal causes was held on the 3d of July 1887.

Livingston was settled by emigrants from the older counties and others from the Upper South states of Kentucky and Tennessee, as well as Ohio and other "Old Northwest" states, as the westward migration continued. Prior to completion of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad in 1859, the city was minimally developed with cheap frame houses, with little pretense of architectural beauty or design. The building materials being hewed and sawed from the oak and walnut timber surrounding the town, as timber originally covered the site. The railroad gave an impetus for town improvements. Soon two and three-story brick business buildings were constructed in place of the former frame structures. From 1865 to 1870, the city improved rapidly, then a lull lasted until 1875, when the erection of the beautiful three-story, $36,000 school building was started, now known as "Middle School." From that time on Chillicothe made a slow, steady growth up to 1886, when the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad was built through here. That year also saw the introduction of the "Water Works" and electric lights. The city continued to modernize in the early 20th century.

The Missouri Training School for Girls
The Missouri Training School for Girls (1889-1981) was the correctional facility of the Missouri Division of Youth Services. It opened in 1889. In 1956, the school received all of the black girls after the Missouri Training School for Negro Girls in Tipton closed. The school closed in 1981.

Geography
Chillicothe is located in central Livingston County. The Grand River flows past approximately one mile south of the city and the confluence of the Thompson River with the Grand is about three miles to the southwest. The city is served by U.S. Route 36, U.S. Route 65 and Missouri Route 190.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.03 sqmi, of which 7.02 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 9,107 people, 3,608 households, and 2,044 families in Chillicothe. The population density was 1,277.3 per square mile (492.8/km$2$). There were 4,114 housing units at an average density of 577.0 per square mile (222.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.63% (8,254) white, 3.38% (308) black or African-American, 0.32% (29) Native American, 0.83% (76) Asian, 0.01% (1) Pacific Islander, 0.55% (50) from other races, and 4.27% (389) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.3% (212) of the population.

Of the 3,608 households, 27.5% had children under the age of 18; 40.0% were married couples living together; 34.4% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 35.5% consisted of individuals and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.8.

18.9% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 67.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 60.9 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $45,496 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,506) and the median family income was $56,488 (+/- $8,384). Males had a median income of $34,937 (+/- $3,959) versus $25,867 (+/- $3,033) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,715 (+/- $1,036). Approximately, 14.1% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under the age of 18 and 16.3% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,515 people, 3,612 households, and 2,146 families living in the city. The population density was 1355.4 PD/sqmi. There were 4,108 housing units at an average density of 585.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 3.7% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 3,612 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.6% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 39.6 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 41.3% male and 58.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,968 people, 3,608 households, and 2,197 families living in the city. The population density was 1,370.9 PD/sqmi. There were 4,060 housing units at an average density of 620.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.86% White, 3.69% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.

There were 3,608 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. school districts. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,053, and the median income for a family was $40,163. Males had a median income of $29,070 versus $19,745 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,172. About 9.6% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Chillicothe R-II School District provides preschool through 12th grade education as well as some other educational programs to students in and around Chillicothe.

 * PK-12th grade:
 * Chillicothe Early Learning Center (PK)
 * Chillicothe Elementary School (K-01)
 * Field Elementary School (02-03)
 * Dewey Elementary School (04-05)
 * Chillicothe Middle School (06-08)
 * Chillicothe High School (09-12)
 * Other programs and campuses:
 * Garrison School - headquarters for Title I Preschool, Even Start Family Literacy, Parents as Teachers, adult GED classes, and Early Intervention Assistance
 * Grand River Technical School
 * Litton Agri-Science Learning Center

 * Private schools
 * Bishop Hogan Memorial School (PK-8), operated by St. Columban Catholic Church, Chillicothe

The town has a lending library, the Livingston County Library. The town has a children library, the Lillian DesMarias Youth Library.
 * Public library

Media

 * Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune, established in 1889
 * KCHI Radio- KCHI-AM transmission on 1010 kHz and KCHI-FM on 102.5 MHz.
 * KRNW Radio (88.9-an FM repeater station which co-broadcasts Northwest MO State University's flagship station KXCV's programming-NPR affiliated)
 * KULH Radio (105.9 The Wave) Christian Radio station

In popular culture

 * Chillicothe is known as "The Home of Sliced Bread". On July 7, 1928, the Chillicothe Baking Company began selling pre-sliced bread "at quality grocers in the area", marking the first time sliced bread was available commercially in the world. They used the Rohwedder Bread Slicer, a machine created by Iowa inventor, Otto Frederick Rohwedder.

Notable people

 * Moses Alexander, 11th governor of Idaho
 * Bower Slack Broaddus, judge
 * Courtney W. Campbell, congressman
 * Ray and Faye Copeland, serial killers
 * William Lincoln Garver, architect, author, and socialist politician
 * Claude B. Hutchison, botanist and politician
 * Mike Lair, politician and teacher
 * Jerry Litton, congressman
 * Charles H. Mansur, congressman
 * Shirley Collie Nelson, country music artist/actress
 * Henry Moses Pollard, congressman
 * John Quinn, politician
 * William Y. Slack, Civil War general and politician
 * Stephen J. Stein, American historian of religion
 * Clarence Edwin Watkins, publisher

title: Chillicothe, Missouri


text:
Chula, Missouri

Chula is a city in Livingston County, Missouri, United States. The population was 195 at the 2020 census.

History
A post office called Chula has been in operation since 1888. Chula is an Indian name meaning "red fox". It is unclear why the name Chula was applied to this community.

Geography
Chula is located on Cream Ridge adjacent to the west side of the Medicine Creek floodplain to the northeast of Chillicothe. Missouri routes K and V serve the community and the old Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad line passes through the town.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.18 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 210 people, 77 households, and 55 families residing in the city. The population density was 1166.7 PD/sqmi. There were 91 housing units at an average density of 505.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 0.5% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 1.9% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.2% of the population.

There were 77 households, of which 41.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.6% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.11.

The median age in the city was 34.8 years. 27.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.8% were from 45 to 64; and 10.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, 198 people, 71 households, and 50 families were residing in Chula. The population density was 1,192.1 PD/sqmi. The average density of the 80 housing units was 481.7 per square mile (181.7/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 98.99% White, 0.51% Native American, and 0.51% from two or more races.

Of the 71 households, 45.1% had children under the age of 18, 50.7% were married couples, 18.3% were single female householders, and 28.2% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals; 14.1% were 65 years of age or older and living alone. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.31.

In Chula, 37.9% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.1% were 18 to 24, 27.3% were 25 to 44, 18.2% were 45 to 64, and 11.6% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household was $30,208, and the median income for a family was $30,625. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $10,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,920. About 24.5% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 43.5% of those 65 or over.

title: Chula, Missouri


text:
Ludlow, Missouri

Ludlow is a village in southwest Livingston County, Missouri, United States. The population was 111 at the 2020 census. The median income in Ludlow is $30,833 and the median home value is $33,500.

History
A post office called Ludlow has been in operation since 1877. It is unclear why the name Ludlow was applied to this community.

Lena Hughes (1904-1998), an influential folk musician known as the "Queen of the Flat-Top Guitar" lived nearly all her life in Ludlow.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.16 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 137 people, 65 households, and 34 families living in the village. The population density was 856.3 PD/sqmi. There were 96 housing units at an average density of 600.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 92.7% White, 2.9% African American, and 4.4% from two or more races.

There were 65 households, of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.7% were non-families. 41.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the village was 35.5 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.7% were from 45 to 64; and 16.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 45.3% male and 54.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 204 people, 75 households, and 53 families living in the town. The population density was 1,562.3 PD/sqmi. There were 92 housing units at an average density of 704.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.55% White, 0.49% African American, 0.98% Native American, and 0.98% from two or more races.

There were 75 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the town the population was spread out, with 32.8% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 12.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $19,688, and the median income for a family was $20,000. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,118. About 22.2% of families and 27.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.3% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 years of age or older.

title: Ludlow, Missouri


text:
Mooresville, Missouri

Mooresville is a village in western Livingston County, Missouri, United States. The population was 98 at the 2020 census.

History
Mooresville was platted in 1860 by W. B. Moore, and named for him. A post office called Mooresville has been in operation since 1860. The village was incorporated in 1874.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.18 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 91 people, 42 households, and 27 families residing in the village. The population density was 505.6 PD/sqmi. There were 48 housing units at an average density of 266.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.0% White.

There were 42 households, of which 19.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.63.

The median age in the village was 49.9 years. 17.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 33% were from 45 to 64; and 25.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 89 people, 40 households, and 25 families residing in the village. The population density was 489.8 PD/sqmi. There were 48 housing units at an average density of 264.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.

There were 40 households, out of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 2.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 19.1% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 25.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $21,875, and the median income for a family was $34,250. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,282. There were no families and 2.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Mooresville, Missouri


text:
Utica, Missouri

Utica is a village in Livingston County, Missouri, United States. The population was 222 at the 2020 census.

History
Utica was platted in 1837, and named after Utica, New York, the native home of an early settler.

Geography
Utica is located at 39.74333°N, -93.6275°W (39.743366, -93.627440).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.87 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 269 people, 106 households, and 79 families living in the village. The population density was 309.2 PD/sqmi. There were 121 housing units at an average density of 139.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.5% White, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 106 households, of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.5% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the village was 43.7 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 33.1% were from 45 to 64; and 14.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 52.4% male and 47.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 274 people, 101 households, and 79 families living in the village. The population density was 310.7 PD/sqmi. There were 120 housing units at an average density of 136.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.64% White and 0.36% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.

There were 101 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $41,458. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,860. About 8.2% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.6% of those 65 or over.

Education

 * Southwest R-1 School District

title: Utica, Missouri


text:
Wheeling, Missouri

Wheeling is a city in eastern Livingston County, Missouri, United States. The population was 220 at the 2020 census.

History
Wheeling was laid out in 1865, and named after Wheeling, West Virginia, the native home of a first settler. A post office called Wheeling has been in operation since 1866.

Geography
Wheeling is located on Missouri Route B one-half mile north of US Route 36 and one mile west of the Livingston-Linn county line. Meadville is four miles to the east. Muddy Creek flows past 1.5 miles to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.32 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 271 people, 107 households, and 78 families living in the city. The population density was 846.9 PD/sqmi. There were 125 housing units at an average density of 390.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.9% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, and 0.4% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 107 households, of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.1% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the city was 40.2 years. 26.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 268 people, 100 households, and 71 families living in the city. The population density was 835.6 PD/sqmi. There were 115 housing units at an average density of 358.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.25% White and 0.75% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population.

There were 100 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the city the population was spread out, with 32.8% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,154, and the median income for a family was $35,208. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,150. About 16.4% of families and 23.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.9% of those 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Willis Glassgow, football player and attorney
 * Lawrence Walkup, eleventh president of Northern Arizona University

title: Wheeling, Missouri


text:
Atlanta, Missouri

Atlanta is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 379 at the 2020 census.

History
Atlanta was platted in 1858. The community was named after Atlanta, Georgia. A post office called Atlanta has been in operation since 1868.

On May 6, 1935, TWA Flight 6, a TWA DC-2 en route from Los Angeles, California, to Washington, D.C., became lost in heavy fog near Atlanta. Running out of fuel, the pilot attempted an emergency landing but crashed, which killed four and injured several others. Among the dead was Senator Bronson Cutting of New Mexico. The crash made national headlines and prompted Congress to commission the Copeland Committee report on air traffic safety.

During the summer of 2022, Atlanta City Hall was relocated. Due to circumstances, the former Atlanta Methodist Church became available and was acquired by the city, where it remains to this day. The former City Hall has since been converted into a local memorial to a previous mayor, Owen L. "Woody" Woodward.

Geography
Atlanta is in north-eastern Macon County. U.S. Route 63 passes just east of the city limits, leading north 9 mi to La Plata and south 11 mi to Macon, the county seat.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Atlanta has a total area of 0.34 sqmi, of which 0.001 sqmi, or 0.29%, are water. The city sits on a ridge which drains west toward Long Branch and east toward the Middle Fork of the Salt River. Long Branch is a south-flowing tributary of the Little Chariton River, leading south to the Missouri River, while the Salt River is an east-flowing direct tributary of the Mississippi.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census there are 373 people.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 385 people, 157 households, and 104 families residing in the city. The population density was 1132.4 PD/sqmi. There were 189 housing units at an average density of 555.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.1% White, 0.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3% of the population.

There were 157 households, of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.8% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.99.

The median age in the city was 37.9 years. 28.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 450 people, 173 households, and 129 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,314.2 PD/sqmi. There were 199 housing units at an average density of 581.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.11% White, 0.22% Native American, and 0.67% from two or more races.

There were 173 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city the population was spread out, with 30.7% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,571, and the median income for a family was $39,271. Males had a median income of $25,673 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,940. About 7.3% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

Sports and external affiliations
Atlanta residents are known for their love for their local "Hornets" sports teams and the local school colors of blue and white. Atlanta's local high school is affiliated with MSHSAA. In 1998, the Atlanta Lady Hornets won first in state in basketball, with a record of 31–0. In 2015, the Hornets lost their state game coming into second place in the 1-A class.

- (*) Denotes state-appearance - (^) Denotes current season

Churches
The Atlanta community is home to several churches, including small country churches outside of city limits. There are two churches inside the City of Atlanta - Atlanta Christian Church and Atlanta First Baptist Church.

Annual events
The community hosts the "Atlanta Homecoming" every last full weekend in June in the town center, Atterberry Park.

Other downtown activities include the annual "Big Wheels" event hosted by the Atlanta PTO every September and an egg hunt hosted by Crossroads Christian Church of Macon, the Saturday before Easter every year.

Sports activities at the school include a Little Dribblers Tournament hosted by the PTO in March and the Pee Wee Baseball Tournament held in May.

Education
The local school district, Atlanta C-3 school district averages about 200 students, K-12, annually. In 2007, the district was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School by the United States Department of Education.

In 2019, Atlanta Elementary was ranked 7th out of 1,039 elementary schools in Missouri, based on Missouri's assessment program test scores.

The Home Pioneer 4-H Club is based in Atlanta and currently has 90 members, making it one of the largest 4-H clubs in Missouri.

Recreation
Visitors to the area include hunters seeking whitetail deer and turkey.

There is a plethora of areas and parks that are protected by the Missouri Department of Conservation.

Notable people

 * Milton Romjue (1874–1968), Democrat who served in the United States Congress. He attended local schools and lived east of the Love Lake area.
 * Andrew Taylor Still (1828–1917), considered the founder of osteopathic medicine. It is almost certain that A.T Still had personally operated in the area as he did for nearby Macon.

title: Atlanta, Missouri


text:
Bevier, Missouri

Bevier is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 636 at the 2020 census, down from 718 in 2010.

History
Bevier was laid out and platted in 1858 along a new railroad line. The community was named for Kentucky native Robert Bevier, who afterward became a colonel in the Confederate army. A post office called Bevier has been in operation since 1858.

Coal was discovered in Bevier in 1860, and coal mining was an important part of the town economy well into the 20th century. Bevier was incorporated as a village on September 5, 1881, and reorganized as a city on March 16, 1889.

Geography
Bevier is located in south-central Macon County at 39.74917°N, -92.56389°W (39.749126, -92.563902). U.S. Route 36 passes through the northern extent of the city, with access from Highways C and O. US 36 leads east 5 mi to Macon, the county seat, and west 28 mi to Brookfield.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Bevier has a total area of 1.04 sqmi, all of it recorded as land. An unnamed creek passes through the center of town, flowing west toward the Middle Fork of the Little Chariton River, a south-flowing tributary of the Missouri.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 718 people, 287 households, and 191 families living in the city. The population density was 697.1 PD/sqmi. There were 341 housing units at an average density of 331.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.4% White, 1.3% African American, 0.4% Asian, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.1% of the population.

There were 287 households, of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.4% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 40.1 years. 26.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 723 people, 303 households, and 195 families living in the city. The population density was 838.6 PD/sqmi. There were 342 housing units at an average density of 396.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.65% White, 0.83% Native American, 0.41% Asian, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.14% of the population.

There were 303 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,250, and the median income for a family was $34,479. Males had a median income of $25,078 versus $17,284 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,099. About 1.6% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Robert Bevier (1834–1889), Confederate colonel
 * John V. Cox (born 1930), major general in the United States Marine Corps

title: Bevier, Missouri