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Peter IV of Aragon

Peter IV (Catalan: Pere IV d'Aragó; Aragonese; Pero IV d'Aragón; 5 September 1319 – 6 January 1387), called the Ceremonious (Catalan: El Cerimoniós; Aragonese: el Ceremonioso), was from 1336 until his death the king of Aragon, Sardinia-Corsica, and Valencia, and count of Barcelona. In 1344, he deposed James III of Majorca and made himself King of Majorca.

His reign was occupied with attempts to strengthen the crown against the Union of Aragon and other such devices of the nobility, with their near constant revolts, and with foreign wars, in Sardinia, Sicily, the Mezzogiorno, Greece, and the Balearics. His wars in Greece made him Duke of Athens and Neopatria in 1381.

Succession conflicts
Peter was born at Balaguer, the eldest son and heir of Alfons IV, then Count of Urgell, and his first wife, Teresa d'Entença. Peter was designated to inherit all of his father's title save that of Urgell, which went to his younger brother James.

Upon succeeding his father he called a corts in Zaragoza for his coronation. He crowned himself, disappointing the Archbishop of Zaragoza and thus rejecting the surrender Peter II had made to the Papacy, in an otherwise traditional ceremony. According to his own later reports, this act caused him some "distress". He did, however, affirm the liberties and privileges of Aragon. Also while he was at Zaragoza an embassy from Castile had met him and asked that he promise to uphold the donations of land his father had made to his stepmother Eleanor, but he refused to give a clear answer as to the legitimacy of the donations.

After the festivities in Zaragoza, Peter began on his way to Valencia to receive coronation there. En route he stopped at Lleida to affirm the Usatges and Constitutions of the Principality of Catalonia and receive the homage of his Catalan subjects. This offended Barcelona, at which the ceremony had usually been performed, and the citizens of that city complained to the king, who claimed that Lleida was on his way to Valencia. While in Valencia he decided on the case of his stepmother's inheritance, depriving her of income and outlawing her Castilian protector, Peter Ponce of León and Jérica. However, Jérica had enough supporters within Peter's domains that Peter was unable to maintain his position and in 1338, through papal mediation, Jérica was reconciled to the king and Eleanor received her land and jurisdictional rights. Peter was largely forced to capitulate by a new invasion from Morocco aimed at Castile and Valencia.

In 1338 he married Maria, second daughter of Philip III and Joan II of Navarre. In May 1339 he allied with Alfonso XI of Castile against Morocco, but his contribution of a fleet had no effect at the pivotal Battle of Río Salado (October 1340).

Conquest of Majorca
Early on in his reign, a thorn in Peter's side had been James III of Majorca, his brother-in-law, the husband of his sister Constance. James had twice postponed performing the ceremony of homage to Peter, his feudal overlord, and when he finally performed it in 1339 it was on his terms. The rising economic star of Majorca, whose merchants were establishing independent markets and gaining trading privileges in the western Mediterranean, threatened the supremacy of Barcelona. The gold coinage of Majorca and the diplomatic equality granted it by the powers of France and Italy irked Peter further, while James also allied with Abu Al-Hassan, the king of Morocco and Peter's enemy. Peter's outrage, however, was given no outlet until 1341, when James, threatened with invasion by the French over disputed rights to the Lordship of Montpellier, called on his suzerain Aragon for aid. In order not to offend France nor to support James, Peter summoned the king of Majorca to a cort at Barcelona, to which he knew he would not come, and when James or a representative of his failed to appear, Peter declared himself free from the obligations of an overlord to James.

Peter then opened a legal process against James, with the intent of dispossessing him of his kingdom. He alleged that the circulation of James' coinage in the Counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne to be an infringement on the royal right of monopoly of coinage. This was open to question, considering the ancient customs of Roussillon and Cerdagne, but Peter was prepared to move forward anyway. The interference of Pope Clement VI, however, granted James a hearing in Barcelona in front of papal delegates. Peter, for his part, spread rumours that James was seeking to capture him. James, fearing that Peter would stoop to invading Majorca and seizing it by force, returned to the island to prepare its defence. In February 1343 Peter declared James a contumacious vassal and his kingdom and lands forfeit.

The legal process being terminated, Peter went to war, on the advice that the islanders were burdened by taxes and would readily rise in his support. In May a fleet which had been blockading Algeciras landed at Majorca and quickly defeated James' army at the Battle of Santa Ponça. Peter received the submission of all the Balearics and confirmed the privileges of the islands as they had been under James I. Though James sued for peace and Pope Clement attempted to mediate it, Peter returned to Barcelona prepared to invade Roussillon and Cerdagne. After these were finally conquered in 1344 James surrendered on a safe conduct, only to find himself ignominiously reduced to the status of a petty lord. In March Peter had declared his realm incorporated into the Crown of Aragon in perpetuity and ceremoniously had himself crowned its king.

Military career
By the Pact of Madrid, Peter was constrained to aid Alfonso XI of Castile in his successful attack on Algeciras (1344) and his failed attempt on Gibraltar (1349) by defending against a Moroccan counterattack.

As Peter had no male issue, his brother Count James of Urgell was the presumptive heir to the Aragonese throne. Peter grew to mistrust the intentions of James over time. Peter decided that he would instead name his daughter Constance as his heir presumptive notwithstanding the precedents established by James I and Alfonso IV to exclude females from the throne. To this end, he demanded that James cede his post as procurator general, a position which, by tradition, was reserved for the second in line to the Aragonese throne. James fled to Zaragoza where he gained the favor of certain nobles who wished to reassert their powers via the monarch. Peter eventually succumbed to the pressure to hold a cortes in Zaragoza where he made numerous concessions of royal authority to quell a rebellion he was not yet in a position to crush. One of such concessions was to revoke his attempt to name Constance as heir, and to restore James as procurator general. To avert additional damage, Peter dissolved the corts on the premise that he had to address a crisis developing in Sardinia. Not long thereafter, while Peter was in Catalonia, James suddenly died. Many suspected Peter of having arranged to have James poisoned. Deprived of their leader, the Union of Aragon was greatly weakened.

Venturing next to Valencia, Peter encountered the nascent Valencian Union which had taken its cue from its counterpart in Aragon. At Murviedro (Sagunt), Peter was forced to name his stepbrother Ferran as the new procurator general. Additional concessions of royal authority were made to appease the Unionists. This time when he attempted to leave a bad situation, Peter was held under guard in Valencia as a prisoner of the Union. Suffering perhaps his greatest humility, he and his queen were forced to dance with the common folk to show his subservience. Ironically, his salvation was the Black Death. Valencia was felled by this plague in May 1348, enabling Peter to escape amid the confusion. Assembling an army of increasingly powerful royalists in Aragon, Peter attacked the unionist forces at the Battle of Epila on 21 July 1348. Peter won a complete victory. Proceeding to Saragossa, Peter executed only thirteen Union leaders. By fourteenth century standards, this was a great display of magnanimity. Not the same can be said for the fate of Valencia. After being persuaded not to burn the entire city and sow it with salt, many were executed. Of particular note, he had the bell that the Valencian Union rang to summon its meetings melted down. The molten metal from the bell was then poured down the throats of the Union leaders so that they "should taste its liquor."

In 1356, he engaged with Peter I of Castile in what was called the "War of the Two Peters". It ended in 1375 with the Treaty of Almazan, without a winner due to the Black Death and several natural disasters.

He conquered Sicily in 1377 but the possession was given to his son Martin.

Throughout his reign, Peter IV had frequent conflicts with the inquisitor general of Aragon, Nicolas Eymerich.

In 1349, James invaded Majorca, but was soundly defeated by Peter's troops at the Battle of Llucmajor, in which he died. After James' death, Peter allowed James IV, his successor, to retain his royal title on purely formal terms until his death in 1375. After that date, Peter assumed the title. Majorca remained one of the component crowns of the Crown of Aragon until the Nova Planta decrees.

Peter died in Barcelona, aged 67.

Generalitat
At the Catalan Courts  celebrated at Barcelona, Vilafranca del Penedès and Cervera in 1358–1359, Peter instituted the Deputation of the General or Generalitat. Castile had recently invaded Aragon and Valencia and the cortes decided to streamline the government by designating a dozen deputies to oversee the fiscal and material policies of the Crown. The first "President of the Generalitat" was Berenguer de Cruïlles, Bishop of Girona (1359).

Toward the end of his reign (c. 1370) Peter ordered the compilation of the Chronicle of Sant Joan de la Penya to record the historical basis for the authority of the crown.

Relationship with Jews
According to historical record, Peter IV of Aragon and his Jewish physician had a friendly disputation regarding the question of why the Jews were not allowed to drink kosher wine touched by a Christian. Thereupon the physician had water brought to wash the king's feet, of which he then drank to demonstrate that the fear of impurity was not the reason of the prohibition.

In 1350, in response to the black plague, Peter IV ordered the mayor of Lleida to construct a new Jewish cemetery, as the existing one became overwhelmed by the number of new corpses.

Marriage and children
His first marriage, on 23 July 1338 in Alagón, was to Maria (1329 – 29 April 1347), daughter of Philip III of Navarre and Joan II of Navarre. They had four children:
 * Constance (1343 – July 1363), who married King Frederick III of Sicily.
 * Joanna (7 November 1344 – 1385), who married Count John of Ampurias.
 * Maria (1345/6 – 3 June 1348).
 * Peter (born and died 28 April 1347).

His second marriage, on 15 November 1347 in Barcelona, was to Eleanor (1328 – 29 October 1348), daughter of Afonso IV of Portugal. She died one year later of the Black Death.

His third marriage, on 27 August 1349 in Valencia, was to Eleanor (1325 – 20 April 1375), daughter of Peter II of Sicily. They had four children:

 * John I (27 December 1350 – 19 May 1396).
 * Martin I (1356 – 31 May 1410).
 * Eleanor (20 February 1358 – 13 September 1382), who married John I of Castile and was the mother of Ferdinand I of Aragon.
 * Alfonso (May or June 1362 – 1364).

His last marriage, on 11 October 1377 in Barcelona, was to Sibila (? – 4 or 24 November 1406), daughter of Bernat of Fortià and widow of Artal of Foces, who was previously his mistress. They had three children:

 * Alfonso (1376 – 1377). Legitimized in 1377, Count of Morella.
 * Peter (born and died April 1379).
 * Isabella (1380 – 1424), married Count James II of Urgell and was mother of Isabella of Urgell, Duchess of Coimbra. Through Isabella, Peter and Sibila are ancestors to Joana, Princess of Portugal and John II of Portugal.

title: Peter IV of Aragon


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Brices Creek, North Carolina

Brices Creek is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,073 at the 2010 census. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Brices Creek is located in central Craven County. It is bordered to the north by the tidal Trent River, across which is the town of Trent Woods. New Bern, the county seat, is 5 mi to the northeast. The CDP is bordered on the west by Croatan National Forest in Jones County. The waterway of Brices Creek flows across the eastern part of the CDP, into the Trent River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 21.6 km2, of which 20.3 km2 is land and 1.3 km2, or 5.90%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,158 people, 1,381 households, and 1,196 families residing in the CDP.

2010 census
The 2010 census reported that there were 3,073 a 49%White alone - 2,692 (87.6%),Black alone - 261 (8.5%), Two or more races 51 (1.7%),Hispanic - 46 (1.5%, Asian alone - 22 (0.7%),American Indian alone - 1 (0.03%.

Population in 2010: 3,073. Population change since 2000: +49.2%, Males: 1,506 	 (49.0%) Females: 1,567 	 (51.0%), Median resident age: 	 41.9 years North Carolina median age: 41.9 years Estimated median household income in 2009: $72,457 (it was $61,182 in 2000) Brices Creek: $72,457

Estimated median house or condo value in 2009: $280,510 (it was $142,600 in 2000) Brices Creek:

Mean prices in 2009: All housing units: $251,342; Detached houses: $259,708; Mobile homes: $47,664

Median gross rent in 2009: $1,293.

2000 census
In 2000, there were 2,060 people, 765 households, and 631 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 259.6 PD/sqmi. There were 841 housing units at an average density of 106.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.82% White, 11.31% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.24% Asian, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.

There were 765 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.4% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.4% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $61,182, and the median income for a family was $65,833. Males had a median income of $51,347 versus $26,554 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,115. None of the families and 0.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 10.0% of those over 64.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Brices Creek, North Carolina


text:
Bridgeton, North Carolina

Bridgeton is a town in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 454 at the 2010 census. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Bridgeton is located on the eastern shore of the Neuse River, directly across from the city of New Bern, the Craven County seat. U.S. Route 17 passes through the town and connects to New Bern via the massive Neuse River Bridge (opened 1999) across the Neuse River just south of the town limits.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.0 km2, of which 0.01 sqkm, or 0.27%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 349 people, 170 households, and 83 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 156 households, and 95 families residing in the town. The population density was 920.7 PD/sqmi. There were 211 housing units at an average density of 592.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.73% White, 1.52% African American, 0.30% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 1.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.

There were 156 households, out of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.62.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.5% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,375, and the median income for a family was $35,833. Males had a median income of $35,417 versus $35,714 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,038. About 21.2% of families and 21.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.0% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Bridgeton, North Carolina


text:
Cove City, North Carolina

Cove City is a town in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 378 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 378 people, 192 households, and 123 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 433 people, 182 households, and 135 families residing in the town. The population density was 680.0 PD/sqmi. There were 195 housing units at an average density of 306.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 51.96% White, 46.88% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.

There were 182 households, out of which 20.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $33,438. Males had a median income of $26,042 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,893. About 14.0% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 19.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education

 * James W. Smith Elementary School

title: Cove City, North Carolina


text:
Dover, North Carolina

Dover is a town in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 401 at the 2010 Census. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.9 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 349 people, 123 households, and 62 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 443 people, 185 households, and 135 families residing in the town. The population density was 466.3 PD/sqmi. There were 214 housing units at an average density of 225.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 45.82% White, 53.95% African American and 0.23% Native American.

There were 185 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $25,156, and the median income for a family was $38,125. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $20,446 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,384. About 15.6% of families and 20.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.5% of those under age 18 and 22.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Dover, North Carolina


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Fairfield Harbour, North Carolina

Fairfield Harbour is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,952 at the 2010 census, up from 1,983 in 2000. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Fairfield Harbour is located in east-central Craven County in reclaimed marshland bordered by the Neuse River to the southwest and Upper Broad Creek to the east. Via Broad Creek Road and U.S. Route 17, it is 11 mi north and west to the center of New Bern, the county seat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Fairfield Harbour has a total area of 10.7 km2, of which 7.5 km2 is land and 3.2 km2, or 30.22%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,767 people, 1,342 households, and 985 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,983 people, 999 households, and 773 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 685.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,248 housing units at an average density of 431.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.77% White, 2.37% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.

There were 999 households, out of which 6.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.6% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98 and the average family size was 2.23.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 6.2% under the age of 18, 1.9% from 18 to 24, 8.5% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 52.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 66 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,435, and the median income for a family was $57,853. Males had a median income of $33,462 versus $19,954 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,368. About 1.3% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 1.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Fairfield Harbour, North Carolina


text:
Havelock, North Carolina

Havelock is a city in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 20,735 at the 2010 census. The city is home to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, the world's largest Marine Corps air station, and home to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.

Havelock is part of the New Bern, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Havelock is one of eight cities in the world named after Sir Henry Havelock, a British officer in India, who distinguished himself in 1857 during what was known as the Indian Mutiny. The area was originally named "Havelock Station" in the late 1850s, when the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad built a depot where its right-of-way crossed what is now Miller Boulevard.

The town was the initial landing point for a Civil War battle known as the Battle of New Bern. On March 11, 1862, Brigadier General Ambrose Burnside's command embarked from Roanoke Island to rendezvous with Union gunboats at Hatteras Inlet for an expedition against New Bern. On March 13, the fleet sailed up the Neuse River, anchored at Slocum Creek, and disembarked infantry on the river's south bank. Elements of the Rhode Island Heavy Artillery came ashore near the present-day location of the Officers' Club on Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station and also near the Carolina Pines Golf and Country Club. After the capture of New Bern, the Federals transited Havelock on their way to the Battle of Fort Macon. Despite several Confederate attempts to reclaim New Bern and the surrounding area, the Federals did not withdraw until after the end of the war. During one of the attempts, however, the Union-built blockhouse fort on Havelock's Slocom Creek was burned in 1864. A diorama model of the Civil War fort is on exhibit at the Havelock Tourist & Events Center along with other displays of Havelock and Cherry Point history.

Existing records indicate that the production of naval supplies including turpentine and tar were very important in the local economy during the 19th century. With the invention of the steam engine, the demand for tar and turpentine slowly evaporated as fewer wooden ships were constructed. Many distillers of turpentine turned to the production of moonshine to make ends meet.

In 1940, Havelock became the home of Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point. MCAS Cherry Point's Fleet Readiness Center East employs many residents of the town. In 1959 the town was officially established.

Jimmy Sanders Sr.served as the mayor of the city from 1987 until the election of former city commissioner William L. Lewis, Jr. in 2013 by a vote of 624–319.

A park in Havelock is named after Rep. Walter B. Jones, Jr.

Media
Havelock News is a newspaper based in Havelock, North Carolina. On June 1, 2012, Freedom Communications announced the sale of Havelock News and other newspapers in Freedom's Eastern North Carolina operating group to Halifax Media Group of Daytona Beach, Florida.

Geography
Havelock is located in southern Craven County. The city limits encompass most of Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point and extend as far north as the tidal Neuse River. Slocum Creek is a tidal inlet that extends south from the Neuse as far as the center of Havelock.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 45.7 km2, of which 43.6 km2 is land and 2.1 km2, or 4.56%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,621 people, 6,187 households, and 4,553 families residing in the city.

2010 census
At the 2010 United States Census there were 20,735 people, 6,409 households, and 5,073 families living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 70.0% White (64.0% Non-Hispanic White), 0.7% Native American, 17.4% African American, 2.9% Asian, 0.3% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 4.0% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.6% of the population.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 22,442 people, 6,411 households, and 5,276 families living in the city. The population density was 1,342.9 PD/sqmi. There were 6,783 housing units at an average density of 405.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 70.48% White, 18.53% African American, 0.78% Native American, 2.54% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 3.94% from other races, and 3.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.01% of the population.

There were 6,411 households, out of which 52.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.3% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.7% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 29.0% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 9.6% from 45 to 64, and 3.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 133.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 147.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,351, and the median income for a family was $37,000. Males had a median income of $22,048 versus $18,322 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,586. About 6.8% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

Highways
Havelock's main highway is U.S. 70, which runs west to east through the center of town. There is also N.C. 101 (Fontana Boulevard) from which two entrances to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point are located. A U.S. 70 bypass around the city is scheduled to begin construction in winter 2017. New Bern, the Craven County seat, is 19 mi to the northwest via U.S. 70, while Morehead City, gateway to the Crystal Coast beaches along the Atlantic Ocean, is 17 mi to the southeast.

Building on a landfill
The city of Havelock began building out in the 1960s and 1970s. Some homes in the town were built over a landfill in the 1970s, which land at that time was still owned by Craven County and not by Havelock. It appears that the old landfill was last used in the 1940s and 1950s. However, many houses appear to be sinking.

College

 * Craven Community College

High school

 * Havelock High School
 * Early College EAST High School

Middle schools

 * Havelock Middle School
 * Tucker Creek Middle School

Elementary schools

 * Havelock Elementary School
 * Arthur W. Edwards Elementary School (Formally known as West Havelock Elementary)
 * Graham A. Barden Elementary School
 * Roger R. Bell Elementary School
 * W. Jesse Gurganus Elementary School

Private schools

 * Gramercy
 * Annunciation Catholic School (1956)

Notable people

 * Kristin Armstrong, three-time Olympic gold medalist in women's road cycling
 * Ky Bowman, professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors
 * Bruce Carter, NFL linebacker
 * Pharoh Cooper, NFL wide receiver and kick returner
 * William M. Faulkner, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General
 * Vince McMahon, CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)
 * Dennis Mitchell, Olympic track and field athlete
 * Corey Robinson, NFL offensive tackle
 * William L. Wainwright, former member of the North Carolina General Assembly
 * Guy Whimper, NFL offensive guard and Super Bowl champion with Pittsburgh Steelers

title: Havelock, North Carolina


text:
James City, North Carolina

James City is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,899 at the 2010 census. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
James City was developed during the American Civil War when Union forces, occupying nearby New Bern, constructed a resettlement camp for freed slaves on land belonging to Confederate Army Colonel Peter G. Evans. Originally referred to as the Trent River Settlement, by 1865 it had been renamed James City, after its founder, Union Army chaplain Horace James, superintendent of Negro affairs and agent for the Bureau of Freedmen, Refugees, and Abandoned Lands.

Geography
James City is located in central Craven County along the west bank of the tidal Neuse River. It is bordered to the north by the city of New Bern, the county seat, across the Trent River, a tributary of the Neuse. To the west are the unincorporated community of Brices Creek, and a more recently annexed portion of New Bern. Coastal Carolina Regional Airport is in the northwestern part of the CDP.

According to the United States Census Bureau, James City has a total area of 35.9 km2, of which 19.7 km2 is land and 16.3 km2, or 45.34%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,291 people, 2,144 households, and 1,475 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,420 people, 2,184 households, and 1,530 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 651.5 PD/sqmi. There were 2,397 housing units at an average density of 288.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 78.91% White, 18.14% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.03% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.96% of the population.

There were 2,184 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,490, and the median income for a family was $45,410. Males had a median income of $31,021 versus $21,859 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,635. About 9.6% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: James City, North Carolina


text:
Neuse Forest, North Carolina

Neuse Forest is a census-designated place (CDP) in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,005 at the 2010 census. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Neuse Forest is located in southern Craven County along the south bank of the tidal Neuse River. It is bordered to the northwest by the Neuse River Recreation Area of Croatan National Forest, to the southwest by U.S. Route 70, a four-lane highway, and to the southeast by Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Neuse Forest CDP has a total area of 8.24 sqkm, of which 8.18 sqkm is land and 0.05 sqkm, or 0.63%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,110 people, 673 households, and 494 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,426 people, 526 households, and 460 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 481.1 PD/sqmi. There were 555 housing units at an average density of 187.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.97% White, 6.38% African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.75% Asian, 0.63% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population.

There were 526 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.8% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.4% were non-families. 10.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $67,222, and the median income for a family was $70,284. Males had a median income of $38,889 versus $30,556 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $29,828. None of the families and 1.1% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Neuse Forest, North Carolina


text:
New Bern, North Carolina

New Bern (formerly Newbern ) is a city in and the county seat of Craven County, North Carolina, United States. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 31,291. It is located at the confluence of the Neuse and the Trent rivers, near the headwaters of Pamlico Sound on the North Carolina coast. It lies 112 mi east of Raleigh, 89 mi north of Wilmington, and 162 mi south of Norfolk.

New Bern was founded in October 1710 by the Palatines and Swiss under the leadership of Christoph von Graffenried. The new colonists named their settlement after Bern, the Swiss region from which many of the colonists and their patron had emigrated. New Bern is the second-oldest European-settled colonial town in North Carolina, after Bath. It served as the capital of North Carolina from 1770 to 1792. After the American Revolution (1775–1783), New Bern became wealthy and quickly developed a rich cultural life. At one time New Bern was called "the Athens of the South," renowned for its Masonic Temple and Athens Theater. These are both still very active today.

New Bern has four historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places; their numerous contributing buildings include residences, stores and churches dating back to the early eighteenth century. Within walking distance of the waterfront are more than 164 homes and buildings listed on the National Register. Also nearby are several bed and breakfasts, hotels, restaurants, banks, antiques stores and specialty shops. The historic districts contain many of the city's 2,000 crape myrtles—its official flower—and developed gardens. New Bern has two "Local Historic Districts", a municipal zoning overlay that affords legal protection to the exteriors of New Bern's historic structures.

History

New Bern was settled in October 1710 by the Palatines and Swiss under the leadership of Christoph von Graffenried. The new colonists named their settlement after the Canton of Bern, home state of their patron. Von Graffenried had the original plat of the town laid out in the shape of a cross, though later development and additional streets have obscured this pattern within the regular street grid. The British governor’s palace (present-day Tryon Palace) served as the capitol of North Carolina from 1770 until the state government relocated to Raleigh in 1792, after a fire had destroyed much of the capitol. This became the first permanent capital city of North Carolina.

There was no printer in North Carolina until 1749, when the North Carolina Assembly commissioned James Davis from Williamsburg, Virginia to act as their official printer. Before this time the laws and legal journals of North Carolina were handwritten and were largely kept in a disorganized manner, prompting them to hire Davis. Davis settled in New Bern and was appointed by Colonial postmaster general Benjamin Franklin as North Carolina's first postmaster, who also became active in North Carolina's politics, as a member of the Assembly and later as the Sheriff. Davis also founded and printed the North-Carolina Gazette in New Bern, North Carolina's first newspaper.

During the 19th-century Federal period, New Bern became the largest city in North Carolina, developed on the trade of goods and slaves associated with plantation agriculture. After Raleigh was named the state capital in 1792, New Bern rebuilt its economy by expanding on trade via shipping routes to the Caribbean and New England. It was part of the Triangle Trade in sugar, slaves, and desired goods. It reached a population of 3,600 in 1815.

In 1862 during the early stages of the American Civil War, the area was the site of the Battle of New Bern. Federal forces captured and occupied the town until the end of the war in 1865. Nearly 10,000 enslaved blacks escaped during this period in the region and went to the Union Army camps for protection and freedom. The Union Army set up the Trent River contraband camp at New Bern to house the refugees. It organized the adults for work. Missionaries came to teach literacy to both adults and children.

Due to the continuous occupation by the Union Army, New Bern avoided some of the destruction of the war years. There was much social disruption because of the occupation and the thousands of freedmen camped near the city. Whereas the 1860 Census had shown a population of 5,432 (of which 3,072, or 57%, were black), the population had swollen by the end of the war to more than 20,000, mostly because of the influx of freedmen. Still, New Bern recovered more quickly than many cities after the war. By the 1870s the lumber industry was developing as the chief part of New Bern's economy. Timber harvested could be sent downriver by the two nearby rivers. The city continued to be a center for freedmen, who created communities independent of white supervision: thriving churches, fraternal associations, and their own businesses. By 1877 the city had a majority-black population.

The state legislature defined the city and county as part of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district which, as former plantation territory, held a concentration of the state's black residents. They elected four blacks to the US Congress in the late 19th century. The state's passage of a constitutional suffrage amendment in 1900 used various devices to disenfranchise black citizens. As a result, they were totally closed out of the political process, including participation on juries and in local offices; white Democrats maintained this suppression mostly, until after passage of federal civil rights legislation, including the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which provided for federal enforcement of constitutional rights.

By 1890 New Bern had become the largest lumber center in North Carolina and one of the largest in all of the South. During this time, as many as 16 lumber mills were running and employing hundreds of men from New Bern and the area. The competitive nature of the lumber barons, the abundance of lumber and craftsmen, led to the construction in New Bern of some of the finest homes in the South, many of which have survived. The lumber boom lasted until the 1920s. One by one the lumber mills went out of business. Today only Weyerhaeuser manufactures lumber in the area.

The city has four National Historic Districts and two local ones, which have helped preserve the character of the architecture. The Downtown Local Historic District is 368.64 acre or 0.576 sqmi; the Riverside Local Historic District covers 51.94 acre or 0.081 sqmi. Union Point Park borders the Neuse and Trent rivers.

Hurricanes
New Bern's location near the Atlantic coast renders it subject to the effects of Atlantic hurricane seasons. For example, in the 18th century the town suffered severe damage in the Great Chesapeake Bay Hurricane of 1769. Other hurricanes such as Ione in 1955 and Floyd in 1999 (just as examples) have also caused significant flooding and damage.

In September 2018, Florence made landfall in the United States just south of Wrightsville Beach, 88.4 miles southwest of New Bern. A storm surge up to 13.5 feet in addition to days of heavy rains severely flooded various parts of the town. [National Hurricane Center Storm Surge Inundation Map, Sept 13, 2018]

Geography

New Bern is located at the confluence of the Trent and Neuse rivers, two tidal waterways, in North Carolina's Inner Banks region.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 76.9 sqkm, of which 73.1 sqkm is land and 3.7 sqkm, or 4.87%, is water.

U.S. routes 17 and 70 pass through the city, merging briefly as a four-lane expressway passing south of the city center. US 70 leads west 33 mi to Kinston and southeast 35 mi to Morehead City near the Atlantic Ocean. Raleigh, the state capital, is 112 mi west via US 70. US 17 leads southwest 37 mi to Jacksonville, and crosses the Neuse River on a new bridge to lead north 36 mi to Washington.

Climate
New Bern experiences a humid subtropical climate typical of the Atlantic coastal plain. Summers are hot and humid, with frequent afternoon thunderstorms that account for much of the higher summer precipitation. Spring and fall are generally mild, with fall foliage occurring from late October to early November. Winters are relatively mild and drier than the remainder of the year, with infrequent snowfall.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 31,291 people, 13,757 households, and 8,070 families residing in the city.

2012
The population of the area was 30,291 (95% urban, 5% rural) people in 2014, a 31% increase in growth since 2000. Gender distribution is 47.5% male and 52.5% female with a median resident age of 38.8. The percentage of residents under the age of 18 was 24.2%. The 2012 racial breakdown includes White alone – 16,304 (54%), Black alone – 9,634 (31.9%), Asian alone – 1,844 (6.1%), Hispanic – 1,626 (5.4%), Two or more races – 747 (2.5%), American Indian alone – 50 (0.2%)  and Other race alone – 13 (0.04%). The median income for a household in the city in 2015 was $41,285.

The City of New Bern 2010 Census information shows the population of the area was approximately 29,524 people. From 2000 to 2010, the New Bern city population growth percentage was 27.7% (or from 23,128 people to 29,524 people). 22.8% of the New Bern city residents were under 18 years of age. Census 2010 race data for New Bern city include the racial breakdown percentages of 57.0 white, 32.8% black, 3.6% Asian, 5.8% Hispanic and less than 1% Native American, Also, there were 14,471 housing units in the City of New Bern, 88.2% of which were occupied housing units.

Arts and culture
New Bern has several sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Colleges

 * Craven Community College
 * University of Mount Olive at New Bern

High schools

 * New Bern High School
 * Craven Early College High School

Middle schools

 * Grover C. Fields Middle School
 * H.J. McDonald Middle School
 * West Craven Middle School

Elementary schools

 * Trent Park Elementary School
 * Oaks Road Elementary School
 * J.T. Barber Elementary School
 * Brinson Memorial Elementary School
 * Ben D. Quinn Elementary School
 * Albert H. Bangert Elementary School
 * Creekside Elementary School
 * Bridgeton Elementary School

Private schools

 * Calvary Baptist Christian School
 * St. Paul Catholic School (St. Paul Education Center)
 * The Epiphany School of Global Studies
 * New Bern Christian Academy

Radio stations

 * 1450 AM / 104.3 FM WNOS – News/Talk/Sports
 * 1490 AM / 103.9 FM WWNB - ESPN Radio – sports talk
 * 88.5 FM WZNB - Public Radio East – Classical Music
 * 89.3 FM WTEB - Public Radio East – NPR/News/Talk
 * 89.9 FM W210BS - Classical WCPE
 * 92.7 FM WBNK - K-Love - Christian Contemporary
 * 91.9 FM WAAE - American Family Radio – Religious
 * 93.3 FM WERO - Bob 93.3 - Top 40
 * 94.1 FM WNBU - Talk
 * 95.1 FM WRNS - Country
 * 95.7 FM W239BC - R&B Oldies
 * 97.5 FM WLGT - The Bridge – Contemporary Christian
 * 97.9 FM WNBB – Classic Country
 * 99.5 FM WMJV – 99.5/97.5 The Wave – Hot Adult Contemporary
 * 99.9 FM WTTY-LP - Oldies
 * 101.9 FM WIKS - Kiss FM – Hip Hop & R&B
 * 103.3 FM WMGV - V103.3 - Soft AC
 * 104.5 FM WSTK - Variety
 * 105.1 FM WBKZ - Air 1 - Christian Contemporary
 * 105.5 FM WXQR – Pure Rock
 * 107.9 FM WNCT – Classic Hits
 * 106.5 FM WSFL – Classic Rock
 * 107.1 FM WTKF-FM – The Talk Station

Transportation
Coastal Carolina Regional Airport is a public airport located 3 mi south of the central business district of New Bern. The airport offers connecting flights to Charlotte daily.

The New Bern Transport Corporation, a business entity owned by PepsiCo to manage its fleet of delivery trucks and other motor vehicles, is located in White Plains, New York, but was named after the town where Pepsi-Cola was first developed.

The north-south U.S. Route 17 and the east-west U.S. Route 70 pass through New Bern.

As late as 1950, the Atlantic and East Carolina Railway offered passenger train service through New Bern to Morehead City to the east, by the Atlantic coast and to Goldsboro Union Station, where timed connections could be made with the Southern Railway's trains to central and western North Carolina. Service was terminated by the end of 1951.

Notable people

 * Charles Laban Abernethy (1872–1955), US Congressman from North Carolina between 1922 and 1935
 * Lewis Addison Armistead (1817–1863), Confederate States Army general
 * Shawn Armstrong (born 1990), MLB pitcher
 * George Edmund Badger (1795–1866), US Senator from 1846 to 1855
 * Bessie Banks (born 1938), singer, first to record the song "Go Now"
 * Graham Arthur Barden (1896–1967), 13-term US congressman from 1935 to 1961
 * Cullen A. Battle (1829–1905), postbellum mayor of New Bern
 * Samuel J. Battle (1883–1966), first African-American policeman in New York City
 * Walt Bellamy (1939–2013), NBA Hall of Fame basketball player
 * Sarah Boone (1832–1904), inventor
 * Bill Bunting (born 1947), NBA Basketball player
 * Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg (1661–1743), British peer from the Canton of Bern, who founded New Bern in 1710
 * Caleb Bradham (1867–1934), pharmacist, best known as inventor of Pepsi
 * John Heritage Bryan (1798–1870), US congressman from 1825 to 1829
 * Chase Crawford (born 1996), actor and producer
 * James Davis (1721–1785) First postmaster and first printer of North Carolina. Founder of the North-Carolina Gazette, North Carolina's first newspaper.
 * Gary Downs (born 1972), NFL player for the New York Giants, Atlanta Falcons, Denver Broncos; current college football coach
 * Davon Drew (born 1985), NFL tight end
 * Elwood Edwards (born 1949), voice of AOL's "You've got mail"
 * William Gaston (1778–1834), jurist and US congressman from 1813 to 1817
 * John Patterson Green (1845-1940) attorney, the first African American state senator in Ohio.
 * Montario Hardesty (born 1987), NFL running back for Cleveland Browns
 * Nathan Healy (born 1990), professional basketball player
 * William J. Hutchins (1813–1884), mercantilist, railroad owner, and Mayor of Houston from 1861 to 1862
 * Donna Hutchinson (born 1949), former member of Arkansas House of Representatives, born in New Bern
 * Jumpin Jackie Jackson (1940–2019), Harlem Globetrotter basketball player
 * George Koonce (born 1968), NFL player for Green Bay Packers and Seattle Seahawks; Athletic Director of University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
 * Peter Loftin (1958–2019), entrepreneur
 * Bob Mann (1924–2006), NFL player; first African American to play for Detroit Lions and later Green Bay Packers
 * Aaron Martin (born 1941), former NFL player for Los Angeles Rams, Philadelphia Eagles, and Washington Redskins
 * Eliza Jane McKissack (1828–1900), director and founding member of Conservatory of Music at University of North Texas
 * Linda McMahon (born 1948), 25th administrator of the Small Business Administration and former CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment
 * David B. Mintz, Methodist minister and circuit rider
 * Michael R. Morgan (born 1955), African American justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina
 * Rob Morgan (born 1973) actor, ranked #20 on the New York Times list "The 25 Greatest Actors of the 21st Century"
 * Dan Neil (born 1960), Pulitzer Prize-winning automotive journalist
 * Bob Perry (1934–2017), MLB outfielder
 * James E.C. Perry (born 1944), justice of Supreme Court of Florida
 * Henry Lee Scott (1814–1886), U.S. Army colonel and son-in-law of Winfield Scott
 * Chandler Seagle (born 1996), MLB catcher
 * Teddy Shapou (1919–1985), Flying Tiger during World War II
 * Brian Simmons (born 1975), NFL player for Cincinnati Bengals and New Orleans Saints
 * Furnifold Simmons (1854–1940), former U.S. senator
 * William Henry Singleton (1843–1938), former slave who became noted American Civil War soldier
 * Richard Dobbs Spaight (1758–1802), 8th Governor of North Carolina from 1792 to 1795, and US congressman for the 10th District from 1798 to 1801
 * Sara Stanley (1837–1918) Abolitionist, educator
 * Edward Stanly (1810–1872), son of John Stanly, congressman 1837–1843, appointed military governor of North Carolina in 1862
 * Fabius Maximus Stanly (1815–1882), rear admiral of U.S. Navy, namesake of WWII destroyer USS Stanly (DD-478)
 * John Stanly (1774–1834), father of Edward Stanly, US congressman (1801–1803 and 1809–1811)
 * Sean Strickland (born 1991), MMA fighter, currently competing in the middleweight division of the UFC as of August 2021
 * Adam Warren (born 1987), MLB pitcher
 * George Henry White (1852–1918), attorney, banker, last of four African-American US congressmen from North Carolina in the 19th century; next was not elected until 1992
 * Kevin Meade Williamson (born 1966), screenwriter, involved with Scream, I Know What You Did Last Summer, and television series Dawson's Creek
 * Bayard Wootten (1875–1959), photographer and suffragette

In popular culture

 * Jules Verne's 1896 novel Face au Drapeau (Facing the Flag) featured New Bern as the place where one of that story's main characters is committed to an asylum by the U.S. government.
 * Nicholas Sparks set a few of his novels (The Notebook, A Bend in the Road, The Wedding, and The Return) in the city.

title: New Bern, North Carolina


text:
River Bend, North Carolina

River Bend is a town in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,119 as of the 2010 census. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.8 sqmi, of which 2.5 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi  (7.27%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,902 people, 1,376 households, and 957 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,923 people, 1,343 households, and 988 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,147.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,477 housing units at an average density of 579.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 93.29% White, 5.71% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.03% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 1,343 households, out of which 15.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.40.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 14.0% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 18.4% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 36.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,851, and the median income for a family was $54,316. Males had a median income of $44,602 versus $37,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,990. About 0.4% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 1.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: River Bend, North Carolina


text:
Trent Woods, North Carolina

Trent Woods is a town in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 4,155 in 2010. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The Dr. Earl S. Sloan House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.4 sqmi, of which 2.9 sqmi is land and 0.5 sqmi  (14.83%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,074 people, 1,644 households, and 1,346 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,192 people, 1,692 households, and 1,360 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,429.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,744 housing units at an average density of 594.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.61% White, 1.07% African American, 0.38% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.60% from other races, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 1,692 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.2% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.6% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 20.8% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $63,482, and the median income for a family was $71,336. Males had a median income of $49,219 versus $35,224 for females. The per capita income for the town was $36,690. About 1.4% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Trent Woods, North Carolina


text:
Vanceboro, North Carolina

Vanceboro is a town in Craven County, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 1,005 at the 2010 Census. Originally called Swift Creek, residents renamed the town for Zebulon B. Vance after he visited there during his 1876 campaign for governor. It is part of the New Bern, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has area of 1.7 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 869 people, 464 households, and 318 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 898 people, 385 households, and 262 families residing in the town. The population density was 521.2 PD/sqmi. There were 434 housing units at an average density of 251.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 73.16% White, 24.16% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.56% from other races, and 1.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89% of the population. There were 385 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 21.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.87.

High school

 * West Craven High School

Middle school

 * West Craven Middle School

Elementary school

 * Vanceboro Farm Life Elementary School

Local festivals and celebrations
Every year, The Vanceboro Strawberry Festival takes place in Spring, usually in early May. Festivities include a parade down Main Street, food, and games. Starting in 2006, the night before the parade there is a street dance. Food and games are located on the grounds of Vanceboro Farm Life Elementary School.

title: Vanceboro, North Carolina


text:
Eastover, North Carolina

Eastover is a town in Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,656 at the 2020 census. It was incorporated on July 25, 2007.

History
The Robert Williams House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Geography
Eastover is located northeast of the center of Cumberland County. It is 7 mi northeast of downtown Fayetteville.

U.S. Route 301 passes through the center of the town as Dunn Road. Interstate 95 runs parallel to US 301 on the east side of town, with access from Exits 55, 56, and 58. I-95 leads northeast 82 mi to the Rocky Mount area and southwest 91 mi to Florence, South Carolina. Interstate 295 leaves I-95 at Exit 58 and heads west as a northern bypass of Fayetteville, while the southern terminus of U.S. Route 13 is also at Exit 58, with the highway leading northeast 50 mi to Goldsboro.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Eastover has a total area of 29.4 km2, of which 0.02 sqkm, or 0.08%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,656 people, 1,346 households, and 926 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,628 people, 1,476 households, and 1,042 families residing in the town. The population density was 320 PD/sqmi. There were 1,637 housing units at an average density of 144.5 units/sq mi (55.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 74.9% White, 19.2% African American, 1.9% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 1.2% some other race, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.

There were 1,476 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were headed by married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40, and the average family size was 2.86.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

For the period 2009–13, the estimated median annual income for a household in the CDP was $42,639, and the median income for a family was $62,461. Male full-time workers had a median income of $41,691 versus $46,128 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $28,108. About 10.2% of families and 8.8% of the total population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Eastover, North Carolina


text:
Talk:Duke of Devonshire

Untitled
Very nice pictures! Who is on the top picture? Renata 11:48 Oct 23, 2002 (UTC)

 * Bess of Hardwick's husband William Cavendish -- if you put your cursor on it, it should say that -- who's the one the dukes are descended from. I haven't put his picture on his own page yet, because I'm hoping to find one in color.  These pictures came from a booklet on Chatsworth I bought when I was there in 1986, and I hate black-and-white pictures, but I couldn't resist showing off.  Glad you approve.  -- isis 17:45 Oct 25, 2002 (UTC)

Would anyone object if I moved each Duke to his own separate page, leaving only a list on this page? If no responses, I'm going to do it. john 22:53 24 May 2003 (UTC)

 * Good move! Deb 19:14 25 May 2003 (UTC)

 * Is there a preference to the title of pages for lists of Dukes, Earls etc? personally I think the singular should be used and that this page should be moved to Duke of Devonshire. Mintguy 22:32 9 Jun 2003 (UTC)

As I said on your user talk page, I have no especial preference. I think the plural makes a bit more sense, in the general "logical common sense" aspect, but if the wikipedia conventions are different, I have no objection. john 00:25 10 Jun 2003 (UTC)

With Earl of Burlington redirected here, the famous architect-Earl is rather lost in the ducal crowd. What if one is basically interested in Palladian architecture? Wetman 20:43, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Earl of Burlington ought not redirect here, since there have been non-Cavendish/Devonshire Earls of Burlington. It ought to have its own article. john 22:03, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Son & heir
The "son & heir" link points to the wrong Marquess of Hartington. —Ashley Y 03:59, 2004 Aug 26 (UTC)

 * Have moved the former to the subject's full name, and created William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington as a disambiguation page. I don't really know enough to even start a stub on the current heir, however.
 * James F. (talk) 20:23, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

This page is currently about the Cavendishes. There are supposed to have been Earls of Devonshire before them. Which creation of this title was for the Cavendishes, and should "Earl of Devonshire" redirect here if the Earls of Devonshire from any previous creations were not succeeded in the same line by Dukes of Devonshire? Al B G (talk) 05:24, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Cavendish Family
Does anyone know of any links to the cavendish family in relation to a date ,being 5th April and a Rat.( Chatsworth House Cavendish)if you have any ideas contact parchibald@rocketmail.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.153.83.100 (talk) 12:19, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

interim heirs
The list includes eight men who might have been Duke had they lived longer. They're now listed under their nearest ancestor who had the coronet, but this means some are not in the order of succession; in particular the younger sons of the 4th duke are listed before the eldest (5th duke). Here they are in succession order:

 * William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire (1720–1764), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
 * Other titles (5th & 6th Dukes): Baron Clifford (1628)

 * William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (1748–1811), eldest son of the 4th Duke
 * William George Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire (1790–1858), only son of the 5th Duke, was called "The Bachelor Duke" and died unmarried
 * Lord Richard Cavendish (1752–1781), second son of the 4th Duke, predeceased his eldest brother unmarried
 * Other titles (7th Duke onwards): Earl of Burlington and Baron Cavendish of Keighley, in the county of York (1831)
 * George Augustus Henry Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington (1754–1834), third and youngest son of the 4th Duke, predeceased his nephew, the 6th Duke
 * William Cavendish (1783–1812), eldest son of Lord Burlington, predeceased his father

 * William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire (1808–1891), eldest son of William Cavendish, eldest son of the 1st Earl of Burlington
 * Hon. William Cavendish (1831–1834), eldest son of the 7th Duke, died young

 * Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (1833–1908), second son of the 7th Duke, died without issue
 * Rt. Hon. Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish (1836–1882), third son of the 7th Duke, predeceased his second brother without issue
 * Lt.-Col. Lord Edward Cavendish (1838–1891), fourth and youngest son of the 7th Duke, predeceased his second brother

 * Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1868–1938), eldest son of Lt.-Col. Lord Edward Cavendish

If the above is confusing, because some skipped heirs are indented under someone other than their father, here's another possibility:

 * William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire (1640–1707), only son of the 3rd Earl
 * William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (1673–1729), eldest son of the 1st Duke
 * William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (1698–1755), eldest son of the 2nd Duke
 * William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire (1720–1764), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
 * Other titles (5th & 6th Dukes): Baron Clifford (1628)
 * William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (1748–1811), eldest son of the 4th Duke
 * William George Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire (1790–1858), only son of the 5th Duke, was called "The Bachelor Duke" and died unmarried
 * Lord Richard Cavendish (1752–1781), second son of the 4th Duke, predeceased his eldest brother unmarried
 * George Augustus Henry Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington (1754–1834), third and youngest son of the 4th Duke, predeceased his nephew, the 6th Duke
 * William Cavendish (1783–1812), eldest son of Lord Burlington, predeceased his father
 * Other titles (7th Duke onwards): Earl of Burlington and Baron Cavendish of Keighley, in the county of York (1831)
 * William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire (1808–1891), eldest son of William Cavendish, eldest son of the 1st Earl of Burlington
 * Hon. William Cavendish (1831–1834), eldest son of the 7th Duke, died young
 * Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (1833–1908), second son of the 7th Duke, died without issue
 * Rt. Hon. Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish (1836–1882), third son of the 7th Duke, predeceased his second brother without issue
 * Lt.-Col. Lord Edward Cavendish (1838–1891), fourth and youngest son of the 7th Duke, predeceased his second brother
 * Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1868–1938), eldest son of Lt.-Col. Lord Edward Cavendish
 * Edward William Spencer Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire (1895–1950), eldest son of the 9th Duke
 * William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (1917–1944), eldest son of the 10th Duke, was killed in action in World War II, without issue
 * Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (1920–2004), second and youngest son of the 10th Duke
 * Mark Cavendish (1941-1941), eldest son of the 11th Duke, died in infancy
 * Peregrine Andrew Morny Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire (b. 1944), second son of the 11th Duke
 * William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington (b. 1969), heir apparent
 * James Cavendish, Lord Cavendish (born 15 December 2010), second heir apparent, only son of Lord Burlington

—Tamfang (talk) 00:35, 24 July 2012 (UTC)

strange antlers
What's this in the shield, a mutant reindeer? I see that the image was adapted in part from File:Héraldique meuble Rencontre cerf.svg, which has more 'normal' antlers. —Tamfang (talk) 18:15, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Line of succession section
What exactly is the point of this? It's an entirely unedifying list of nonentities (or such they appear to be, given the scant information provided), to the extent that one almost feels it to be there purely for vanity purposes ('look, there's me, number 37!'). Sources would surely be required for every single individual, and for the statements regarding their relationships, for these lists to fall in line with Wikipedia requirements (notwithstanding the fact that they'd still be surplus to any reasonable requirement). I note many Ducal titles have these 'line of succession' sections; why? Because Dukes are so high in the scheme of things? Does that warrant such... comprehensive lists of people who aren't ever going to get within ten people of the title? For a crown, such a list makes sense, but surely not for- any rank of- peerage.
 * Succession & heirs is normal in all peer articles. This is longer than most. Plenty of sites cover the lines so not too hard to source but they are not controversial. Garlicplanting (talk) 11:43, 30 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duke of Devonshire


text:
Fayetteville, North Carolina

Fayetteville is a city in and the county seat of Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. It is best known as the home of Fort Liberty, a major U.S. Army installation northwest of the city.

Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League three times. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 208,501, It is the 6th-most populous city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River.

With an estimated population of 392,336 in 2023, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the second-most populous in southeastern North Carolina and 142th-most populous in the United States. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Liberty, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover.

Early settlement
The area of present-day Fayetteville was historically inhabited by various Siouan Native American peoples, such as the Eno, Shakori, Waccamaw, Keyauwee, and Cape Fear people. They followed successive cultures of other indigenous peoples in the area for more than 12,000 years.

After the violent upheavals of the Yamasee War and Tuscarora Wars during the second decade of the 18th century, the colonial government of North Carolina encouraged colonial settlement along the upper Cape Fear River, the only navigable waterway entirely within the colony. Two inland settlements, Cross Creek and Campbellton, were established by Scots from Campbeltown, Argyll and Bute, Scotland.

Merchants in Wilmington wanted a town on the Cape Fear River to secure trade with the frontier country. They were afraid people would use the Pee Dee River and transport their goods to Charleston, South Carolina. The merchants bought land from Newberry in Cross Creek. Campbellton became a place where poor whites and free blacks lived and gained a reputation for lawlessness.

In 1783, Cross Creek and Campbellton united, and the new town was incorporated as Fayetteville in honor of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, a French military hero who significantly aided the American forces during the war. Fayetteville was the first city to be named in his honor in the United States. Lafayette visited the city on March 4 and 5, 1825, during his grand tour of the United States.

American Revolution
The local region was heavily settled by Scots in the mid/late 1700s, and most of these were Gaelic-speaking Highlanders. The vast majority of Highland Scots, recent immigrants, remained loyal to the British government and rallied to the call to arms from the Royal Governor. Despite this, they were eventually defeated by a larger Revolutionary force at the Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge. The area also included several active Revolutionaries.

In late June 1775, residents drew up the "Liberty Point Resolves," which preceded the Declaration of Independence by a little more than a year. It said, "'This obligation to continue in full force until a reconciliation shall take place between Great Britain and America, upon constitutional principles, an event we most ardently desire; and we will hold all those persons inimical to the liberty of the colonies, who shall refuse to subscribe to this Association; and we will in all things follow the advice of our General Committee respecting the purposes aforesaid, the preservation of peace and good order, and the safety of individual and private property.'" Robert Rowan, who apparently organized the group, signed first.

Robert Rowan (circa 1738–1798) was one of the area's leading public figures of the 18th century. A merchant and entrepreneur, he settled in Cross Creek in the 1760s. He served as an officer in the French and Indian War, as sheriff, justice and legislator, and as a leader of the Patriot cause in the Revolutionary War. Rowan Street and Rowan Park in Fayetteville and a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution are named for him, though Rowan County (founded in 1753) was named for his uncle, Matthew Rowan.

Flora MacDonald (1722–1790), a Scots Highland woman known for aiding Bonnie Prince Charlie after his Highlander army's defeat at Culloden in 1746, lived in North Carolina for about five years. She was a staunch Loyalist and aided her husband in raising the local Scots to fight for the King against the Revolution.

Seventy-First Township in western Cumberland County (now a part of Fayetteville) is named for a British regiment during the American Revolution – the 71st Regiment of Foot or "Fraser's Highlanders", as they were first called.

Post-revolution
Fayetteville had what is sometimes called its "golden decade" during the 1780s. It was the site in 1789 for the state convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution, and for the General Assembly session that chartered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Fayetteville lost out to the future city of Raleigh in the bid to become the permanent state capital.

In 1793, the Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry formed and is still active as a ceremonial unit. It is the second-oldest militia unit in the country.

Henry Evans (circa 1760–1810), a free black preacher, is locally known as the "Father of Methodism" in the area. Evans was a shoemaker by trade and a licensed Methodist preacher. He met opposition from whites when he began preaching to enslaved people in Fayetteville, but he later attracted whites to his services. He is credited with building the first church in town, the African Meeting House, in 1796. Evans Metropolitan AME Zion Church is named in his honor.

On March 4–5, 1825, General Lafayette visited his namesake town - the first one named for him and the only one he personally visited as part of his 1824-1825 tour of all the states as "The Nation's Guest." Admirers stood in mud and pouring rain to welcome him. He was feted with a formal dinner, a ball, and multiple military displays.

Antebellum
Fayetteville had 3,500 residents in 1820, but Cumberland County's population still ranked as the second most urban in the state, behind New Hanover County (Wilmington). Its "Great Fire" of 1831 was believed to be one of the worst in the nation's history, despite no deaths associated with the incident. Hundreds of homes, businesses, and most of the best-known public buildings were lost, including the old "State House". Fayetteville leaders moved quickly to help the victims and rebuild the town.

There was no point in rebuilding the State House since the state government was firmly installed in Raleigh. On its site, the city built a Market House, recreating the city around it just as it had previously surrounded the State House. The new building had a covered area under which business could be conducted since every store in Fayetteville had been destroyed in the fire. Completed in 1832, it became the town's and county's administrative building. It was a town market until 1906 and served as Fayetteville Town Hall until 1907. Currently (2020), it is a local history museum.

The Civil War era through late 19th century
In March 1865, Gen. William T. Sherman and his 60,000-man army attacked Fayetteville and destroyed the Confederate arsenal (designed by the Scottish architect William Bell). Sherman's troops also destroyed foundries and cotton factories, and the offices of The Fayetteville Observer. Not far from Fayetteville, Confederate and Union troops engaged in the last cavalry battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Monroe's Crossroads.

Downtown Fayetteville was the site of a skirmish, as Confederate Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton and his men surprised a cavalry patrol, killing 11 Union soldiers and capturing a dozen on March 11, 1865.

During the late nineteenth century, North Carolina adopted Jim Crow laws that imposed racial segregation.

20th century to present
Cumberland County's population increased in the post-World War II years, with its 43% increase in the 1960s the largest in any of North Carolina's 100 counties. Construction was fast-paced as shopping developments, and suburban subdivisions began to spread outside the Fayetteville city limits toward Fort Liberty and Pope Air Force Base. The Fayetteville and Cumberland County school systems moved toward integration gradually, beginning in the early 1960s; busing brought about wider-scale student integration in the 1970s.

Segregation of public facilities continued. Marches and sit-ins during the Civil Rights Movement, with students from Fayetteville State Teachers College (Fayetteville State University) at the forefront, led to the end of whites-only service at restaurants and segregated seating in theaters. Blacks and women gained office in significant numbers from the late 1960s to the early 1980s.

The Vietnam Era was a time of change in the Fayetteville area. From 1966 to 1970, more than 200,000 soldiers trained at Fort Bragg (now Fort Liberty) before leaving for Vietnam. This buildup stimulated area businesses. Anti-war protests in Fayetteville drew national attention because of Fort Bragg, a city that generally supported the war. Anti-war groups invited the actress and activist Jane Fonda to Fayetteville to participate in three anti-war events. The era also saw an increase in crime and drug addiction, especially along Hay Street, with media giving the city the nickname "Fayettenam". At this time, Fayetteville also made headlines after Army doctor Jeffrey R. MacDonald murdered his pregnant wife and two daughters in their Ft. Bragg home in 1970; the book and movie Fatal Vision were based on these events.

To combat the dispersal of suburbanization, Fayetteville has worked to redevelop its downtown through various revitalization projects; it has attracted large commercial and defense companies such as Purolator, General Dynamics and Wal-Mart Stores and Distribution Center. Development of the Airborne & Special Operations Museum, Fayetteville Area Transportation Museum, Fayetteville Linear Park, and Fayetteville Festival Park, which opened in late 2006, have added regional attractions to the center.

In the first decade of the 21st century, the towns and rural areas surrounding Fayetteville had rapid growth. Suburbs such as Hope Mills, Raeford, and Spring Lake had population increases.

In 2005, Congress passed the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Act, resulting in several new commands relocating to Fort Bragg. These include the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) and U.S. Army Reserve Command, both of which relocated from Fort McPherson in Atlanta. More than 30,000 people were expected to relocate to the area with associated businesses and families. FORSCOM awards over $300 billion in contracts annually.

In the November/December 2009 issue of Where to Retire, the magazine named Fayetteville as one of the best places to retire in the United States for military retirements.

In April 2019, a report by GoBankingRates (which analyzed data from 175 American cities) listed Fayetteville as one of the top ten American cities at risk of a severe housing crash. 26.8% of home mortgages in Fayetteville were listed as being "under water", while the median home value was listed as $108,000.

In December 2015, Fayetteville unveiled the Guinness World Record for the biggest Christmas stocking, weighing approximately 1600 lb, and measuring 74.5 x 139 feet.

Fort Liberty and Pope Army Airfield
Fort Liberty and Pope Army Airfield Field are in the northern part of the city of Fayetteville.

Several U.S. Army airborne units are stationed at Fort Liberty, most prominently the XVIII Airborne Corps HQ, the 82nd Airborne Division, the United States Army Special Operations Command, the 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne), and the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School.

Fort Bragg (now Fort Liberty) was the home of the Field Artillery at the onset of World War II. All the Army's artillery units east of the Mississippi River were based at the post, about 5,000 troops. Soldiers tested the Army's new bantam car, soon known as the Jeep, although most of the power to move artillery still came from horses and burros. On September 12, 1940, the Army contracted to expand the post, bringing the 9th Infantry Division to Fort Bragg.

The mission of Pope Field is to provide airlift to American armed forces and humanitarian missions flown worldwide. Pope Field mainly includes air transportation for the 82nd Airborne, among other airborne units on Fort Liberty.

All of Pope's fighter jet squadrons have been relocated to Moody AFB, Georgia. The central entity at Pope is now the Air Force Reserve, although they still have a small amount of active personnel.

In September 2008, Fayetteville annexed 85% of Fort Bragg (now Fort Liberty), bringing the city's population to 206,000. Fort Liberty retains its police, fire, and EMS services. Fayetteville hopes to attract large retail businesses to the area using the new population figures.

Sanctuary community for military families
On September 5, 2008, Cumberland County announced it was the "World's First Sanctuary for Soldiers and Their Families"; it marked major roads with blue and white "Sanctuary" signage. Within the county, soldiers were to be provided with local services, ranging from free childcare to job placement for soldiers' spouses.

Five hundred volunteers have signed up to watch over military families. They were recruited to offer one-to-one services; member businesses will also offer discounts and preferential treatment. Time magazine recognized Fayetteville for its support of military families and identified it as "America's Most Pro-Military Town".

Geography
The city limits extend west to the Hoke boundary. It is bordered on the north by the town of Spring Lake.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Fayetteville has a total area of 150.08 sqmi, of which 148.26 sqmi is land and 1.82 sqmi (1.21%) is water.

Topography
Fayetteville is in the Sandhills of North Carolina, which are between the coastal plain to the southeast and the Piedmont to the northwest. The city is built on the Cape Fear River, a 202 mi river that originates in Haywood and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Carver's Falls, measuring 150 ft wide and two stories tall is on Carver Creek, a tributary of the Cape Fear, just northeast of the city limits. Cross Creek rises on the west side of Fayetteville and flows through to the east side of Fayetteville into the Cape Fear River.

Climate
Fayetteville is located in the humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) zone, with mostly moderate temperatures year round. Winters are mild but can get cool, with snow occurring a few days per year. Summers are hot, with levels of humidity that can cause spontaneous thunderstorms and rain showers. Temperature records range from -5 F on February 13, 1899, to 110 F on August 21, 1983, which was the highest temperature ever recorded in the State of North Carolina. On April 16, 2011, Fayetteville was struck by an EF3 tornado during North Carolina's largest tornado outbreak. Surrounding areas such as Sanford, Dunn, and Raleigh were also affected.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 208,501 people, 82,087 households, and 46,624 families residing in the city.

2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 200,564 people, 78,274 households, and 51,163 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,401 PD/sqmi. There were 87,005 housing units at an average density of 230.3 units/km2 (596.3 persons/sq mi). The racial composition of the city was 45.7% White, 41.9% Black or African American, 2.6% Asian American, 1.1% Native American, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 3.3% some other race, and 4.9% two or more races. 10.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 78,274 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were headed by married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45, and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 14.4% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.

In 2013, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $44,924, and the median income for a family was $49,608. Male full-time workers had a median income of $37,371 versus $32,208 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,362. 18.4% of the population and 16.2% of families were below the poverty line. 27.1% of those under the age of 18 and 9.8% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

On September 30, 2005, Fayetteville annexed 27 sqmi and 46,000 residents. Some affected residents and developers challenged the annexation in the courts, but were ultimately unsuccessful. The exception was the Gates Four neighborhood which won its case against annexation despite the annexation of all surrounding neighborhoods.

Religion
Founded in Wade in 1758, Old Bluff Presbyterian Church is one of the oldest churches in the Upper Cape Fear Valley. The fourth Sunday of September each year is the annual Old Bluff Reunion; it is open to the public. Bluff Presbyterian Church maintains a detailed history at its website.

Hundreds of houses of worship have been established in and around Cumberland County, including Catholic, Baptist, Pentecostal, Methodist and Presbyterian churches, which have the largest congregations. Fayetteville is also home to Congregation Beth Israel, formed in 1910 by the Jewish families of Fayetteville.

Fayetteville is home to St. Patrick Church, the oldest Catholic parish in the state, dating back to the 18th century.

The Masjid Omar ibn Sayyid mosque was named after Omar ibn Said, an African Muslim who was jailed as a fugitive slave and sold in Fayetteville in the 19th century. Visitors to the mosque can find historical information about him and the Muslim community. Additionally, a historical marker to ibn Said was cast along Murchison Road in 2010, the first roadside in North Carolina to recognize a Muslim.

Economy
Fort Liberty is the backbone of the county's economy. Fort Liberty and Pope Field pump about $4.5 billion a year into the region's economy, making Fayetteville one of the best retail markets in the country. Fayetteville serves as the region's hub for shops, restaurants, services, lodging, health care, and entertainment.

As of March 2019, Fayetteville reflected an unemployment rate of 5.2%, which is higher than the national average of 3.8% and the North Carolina average of 4%.

Top employers
According to the Fayetteville 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Defense industry
The Fayetteville area has a large and growing defense industry and was ranked in the top five areas in US for 2008, 2010, 2011 by a trade publication. Eight of the ten top American defense contractors are located in the area, including Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, and L-3 Communications. The city hosts Partnership for Defense Initiatives (PDI), a trade association promoting defense contractors.

Arts & Culture
An October 2023 study released by Americans for the Arts, (AFTA) found that nonprofit arts and culture organizations in Fayetteville and Cumberland County created $72.2 million in total economic activity in 2022, supported over 1100 jobs, provided $44.1 million in personal income to residents and generated $9.5 million in local, state and federal tax revenue. At an April 2024 event the Arts Council of Fayetteville/Cumberland County announced that arts and cultural activities drew more than 900,000 visitors to the region.

Festivals

 * Fayetteville Dogwood Festival
 * International Folk Festival
 * Juneteenth
 * 4th Fridays

Historic sites

 * Cool Spring Tavern
 * Evans Metropolitan AME Zion Church
 * Ellerslie Plantation
 * The first Golden Corral
 * Hay Street United Methodist Church
 * Heritage Square

Libraries

 * Cumberland County Libraries

Museums

 * Airborne & Special Operations Museum
 * Fascinate-U Children's Museum
 * Museum of the Cape Fear Historical Complex

Parks and recreation

 * Cape Fear Botanical Garden
 * Freedom Memorial Park
 * Mazerick Park

Shopping

 * Cross Creek Mall

Theaters and arenas

 * Crown Coliseum
 * Cape Fear Regional Theatre

Clubs and organizations

 * Boys & Girls Clubs of Cumberland County
 * The Woman's Club of Fayetteville

Arts & Culture Organizations

 * Arts Council of Fayetteville/Cumberland County
 * Cape Fear Ballroom Dancers
 * Cape Fear Botanical Garden
 * Cape Fear Regional Theatre
 * Cape Fear Studios
 * Community Concerts
 * Cool Springs Downtown District
 * Cumberland Choral Arts
 * Dance Theatre of Fayetteville
 * Fayetteville Artists Guild
 * Fayetteville Symphony Orchestra
 * The Gilbert Theater
 * Sweet Tea Shakespeare
 * Tarheel Quilters Guild
 * Umoja Group

Public schools
Cumberland County Schools' headquarters are located in Fayetteville, and the schools serve all cities and towns of the county. CCS operates a total of 87 schools: 53 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, 15 high schools and 9 Alternative and Specialty schools, including 1 year-round classical, 1 evening academy, 1 web academy and 2 special schools. Cumberland County Schools is the fourth-largest school system in the state and 78th-largest in the country.

High schools (grades 9–12)

 * Cape Fear High School – School of Agricultural & Natural Sciences Academy (9–12)
 * Douglas Byrd High School – Finance Academy & Ford Partnerships for Advanced Studies (9–12)
 * Ezekiel Ezra "E.E." Smith High School – Academies of Math & Science and Fire Science (9–12)
 * Jack Britt High School – Academy of Integrated Systems of Technology and Applied Engineering (9–12)
 * Pine Forest High School – Academies of Emergency Medical Science & Information Technology (9–12)
 * Seventy-First High School – School of Arts (9–12)
 * Terry Sanford High School – Global Studies Academy (9–12)
 * Westover High School – Academies of Health and Engineering (9–12)
 * South View High School – International Baccalaureate (9–12)
 * Gray's Creek High School – Academy of Information Technology (9–12)

Specialty schools

 * Cross Creek Early College High School (9–12)
 * Cumberland International Early College High School (9–12)
 * Massey Hill Classical High School (9–12)
 * Cumberland Polytechnic High School (9–12)

Private schools

 * Berean Baptist Academy (Pre-K–12)
 * Fayetteville Academy
 * Fayetteville Christian School (Pre-K–12)
 * Northwood Temple Academy
 * Village Christian Academy
 * Trinity Christian School (K–12)

Colleges and universities

 * Carolina College of Biblical Studies
 * Manna University (formerly Grace College of Divinity)
 * Fayetteville State University
 * Fayetteville Technical Community College
 * Methodist University
 * Shaw University Satellite Campus

Newspapers

 * The Fayetteville Observer
 * Up & Coming Weekly Local community newspaper
 * The Voice
 * The Fayetteville Press
 * Acento Latino
 * The Paraglide

Television stations
Fayetteville is part of and served by television stations in the Raleigh–Durham television market.
 * FayTV7 (Spectrum Channel 7) City of Fayetteville's Government Access Channel

Radio stations

 * 88.3 FM WUAW Various Genres
 * 88.7 FM WRAE Religious Music
 * 89.3 FM WZRI Christian Contemporary Music
 * 90.1 FM WCCE Christian Contemporary Music
 * 91.1 FM WYBH Traditional Christian Music/Teaching/BBN
 * 91.9 FM WFSS Public Radio
 * 95.7 FM WKML Country
 * 96.5 FM WFLB Classic Hits
 * 98.1 FM WQSM Top 40
 * 99.1 FM WZFX Mainstream Urban (Hip Hop and R&B)
 * 102.3 FM WFVL Christian Contemporary/ K-Love
 * 103.5 FM WRCQ Rock
 * 104.5 FM WCCG Mainstream Urban (Hip Hop and R&B)
 * 105.7 FM WCLN-FM Southern Gospel Music
 * 106.9 FM WMGU Urban Adult Contemporary (Adult's R&B)
 * 107.3 FM WKFV Contemporary Christian/K-Love
 * 107.7 FM WUKS Urban Adult Contemporary (Smooth R&B)
 * 640 AM WFNC News/talk
 * 1230 AM WFAY Country
 * 1450 AM WMRV Classic Rock
 * 1490 AM WAZZ Top 40
 * 1600 AM WIDU Black Gospel/Talk

State highways

 * (component highway for I-295)
 * (component highway for I-295)
 * (component highway for I-295)
 * (component highway for I-295)
 * (component highway for I-295)
 * (component highway for I-295)
 * (component highway for I-295)

Other highways

 * All American Freeway
 * Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway

Air transportation
Fayetteville Regional Airport is served by five regional carriers that provide daily and seasonal passenger services to three major airline hubs within the United States. An additional regional carrier and several fixed-base operators offer further services for both passenger and general aviation operations. Landmark Aviation also provides services for passenger and general aviation traffic at the Fayetteville Regional Airport.

Public transportation
The Fayetteville Area System of Transit (FAST) serves the Fayetteville and Spring Lake regions, with ten bus routes and two shuttle routes. FAST operates thirteen fixed bus routes within the city of Fayetteville. Service is between the hours of 5:45 am and 10:30 pm on weekdays, with reduced hours on Saturdays and no Sunday service. Most routes begin and end at the Transfer Center at 147 Old Wilmington Road in Fayetteville. Other transfer points are located at University Estates, Cross Creek Mall, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bunce and Cliffdale Rds and Cape Fear Valley Medical Center.

Passenger rail
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Station, built in 1911, provides daily Amtrak service with northbound and southbound routes leading to points along the East Coast.

Sister city
Fayetteville has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:
 * 🇫🇷 Saint-Avold, Moselle, Grand Est, France

title: Fayetteville, North Carolina