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Wrangell, Alaska

Wrangell (, Врангель) is a borough in Alaska, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 2,127, down from 2,369 in 2010.

Incorporated as a Unified Home Rule Borough on May 30, 2008, Wrangell was previously a city in the Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area, which was afterwards renamed the Petersburg Census Area (the Petersburg Borough was formed from part of this census area). Its Tlingit name is Ḵaachx̱ana.áakʼw ("Ḵaachx̱ans Little Lake" with áa-kʼw 'lake-diminutive'). The Tlingit people living in the Wrangell area, who were there centuries before Europeans, call themselves the Shtaxʼhéen Ḵwáan after the nearby Stikine River. Alternately they use the autonym Shxʼát Ḵwáan, where the meaning of shxʼát is unknown.

The central (urban) part of Wrangell is located at 56.47083°N, -132.37667°W, in the northwest corner of Wrangell Island. The borough also encompasses the entire eastern half of the former Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area, in addition to the area around Meyers Chuck, which was formerly in the Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area. It includes Thoms Place, a former census-designated place on Wrangell Island.

History
Tlingit people and their ancestors have inhabited this island for thousands of years. According to Naanyaa.aayí clan traditions, Tlingit people migrated down the Stikine River during a time when the river still flowed underneath glaciers. The population slowly moved down the river, settling in different locations such as Tlákw.aan "Ancient Village", Sʼiknáx̱ "Across from the Grass", Shaal.aan "Fish Trap Town", Xakw.aan "Sandbar Village", and Kayáash "Platform", Hehl (Xel/Xehl) "Foam People", Hehl being the senior of house of the village.

Later settlements on the coast included Chʼuxʼáasʼaan "Waterfall Town" (now Mill Creek), Ḵeishangita.aan "Red Alder Head Village" (site of the Wrangell Institute at Shoemaker Bay), Kʼaatsʼḵu Noow "Among the Sharps Fort" (now Anita Bay), An.áan "Village that Rests" (now Anan Bear Viewing Area), and many others. The numerous petroglyphs found at Petroglyph Beach just north of Wrangell, as well as those scattered on the beaches of the many islands in the vicinity, attest to the long Tlingit presence.

It is known that the first peoples' coastal migration to the Stikine River came from the south. The Nass River people had several migrations into the area. The "Git Setti" people tell of their migration story in a totem raised in Wrangell in 1894 called "Kickssetti" Totem.

The saltwater inlet now known as Wrangell Harbor was traditionally called Ḵaachx̱ana.áakʼw, literally "Ḵaachx̱án's little lake". Before the harbor mouth was dredged and cleared in the late 19th century, the mouth of this inlet would often go dry at low tide, which led to its being called a lake.

Ḵaachx̱án was a man from the village variously known as Ḵaalchʼalʼaan (Kotzlitzan) or Chʼaalʼít.aan, meaning "Willow House Village"; or Shaax̱ít.aan meaning "Driftwood House Village." The village site today is known as "Old Town" or "Old Wrangell" (located at 56.20778°N, -132.27278°W). Ḵaachx̱án was supposedly a hermit who preferred living away from his relatives, and thus lived in a smokehouse located on the rear shore of the lake named after him.

19th century
Wrangell was founded by Russians as one of the oldest non-Native settlements in Alaska. They started trading for furs with area Tlingit in 1811 at the site of present-day Wrangell. In 1834, Baron Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel, then head of Russian government interests in Russian America, ordered a stockade built near the Naanyaa.aayí clan house of Chief Shakes, called Shéiksh Hídi. This house was located about 13 mi north of Old Wrangell, on a small island in the middle of what is today Wrangell Harbor. The stockade, named Redoubt Saint Dionysius (Редутъ Санктъ Дионисіусъ), was founded at the location of present-day Wrangell and stood near the end of the small peninsula that forms the northeastern side of the mouth of the harbor.

The British Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) leased the fort in 1839 and named the stockade Fort Stikine. The Tlingit had used the Stikine River as a trade route to the interior since ancient times, and they protested when the Hudson's Bay Company began to use their trade routes. Two epidemics of smallpox in 1836 and 1840 reduced the Tlingit population in the area by half, as they had no acquired immunity, and silenced most of the protest.

The HBC abandoned the fort in 1849 after the area's stocks of sea otter and beaver were depleted, thus ending the fur trade. Fort Stikine remained under British rule until Alaska's purchase by the United States in 1867. In 1868, the U.S. built a military post called Fort Wrangell at the site, and it remained active until 1877. The community around the post continued to grow through commerce with prospectors in the gold rushes of 1861, 1874–77, and 1897. As in Skagway, businessmen looking to make money off the miners built many gambling halls, dance halls, and bars. Thousands of miners traveled up the Stikine River into the Cassiar District of British Columbia during 1874, and again to the Klondike in 1897.

The Wrangell Bombardment occurred on December 25, 1869, when a Stikine Indian named Lowan bit off Mrs. Jaboc Muller's third right finger and was killed in an ensuing fight by soldiers who mortally wounded an additional Stikine Indian. The following morning, Scutd-doo, who was the father of the deceased, entered the fort and shot the post trader's partner Leon Smith fourteen times. Smith died about 13 hours later. The US army made an ultimatum demanding Sccutd-doo's surrender, and following bombardment of the Stikine Indian village, the villagers handed Scutd-doo over to the military in the fort, where he was court-martialed and publicly hanged before the garrison and assembled natives on December 29, stating before he was hanged that he had acted in revenge against the occupants of the fort for the killing of Lowan and not against Smith in particular.

In 1877, the first Presbyterian church in Alaska, the first Protestant church of any kind in the area, was founded near its current location at 220 Church Street. Reverend S. Hall Young, a colleague of Sheldon Jackson, was assigned to the Wrangell mission and arrived on July 10, 1878. He worked among both miners and Tlingits. He established the Fort Wrangell Tlingit Industrial School to teach young Tlingit men various American trades, such as printing, boatbuilding, and construction. This institution was a parallel to Sheldon Jackson's Sitka Industrial Training School, which became Sheldon Jackson College. Young's school was the nucleus of the later Wrangell Institute, a boarding school for Alaska Natives through the mid-20th century.

S. Hall Young was a friend and companion of the naturalist John Muir, who lived in Wrangell in 1879–1880. Muir and Young traveled up the Stikine River, as well as to Kake, Glacier Bay, and elsewhere in Southeast Alaska. Young and Muir were accompanied by two Stikine elite men, Tʼaawyaat ("Toyatte", lit. Long Feather), and Kaadaashaan ("Kadachan"), as well Sitka Charley, as a young man who was their interpreter in Chinook Jargon and English.

The oldest Catholic Church in Alaska; St. Rose of Lima, was established at Wrangell May 4, 1879.

Having been Tlingit territory and then under the jurisdiction of Russia, Great Britain, and the United States, Wrangell has the unique status as the only Alaskan city to have been governed under four "flags".

20th century
Fish traps were constructed in the late 1890s on the nearby mouth of the Stikine River and in the Zimovia Strait. These contributed to the growth of the fishing and fish canning industries in Wrangell, which provided much of the economic life for the town before the rise of logging in the 1950s. The fish traps caused severe damage to the Stikine River salmon runs, reducing the number of fish that managed to spawn and causing a decline in salmon runs and fishing in the region. After statehood, the new government decommissioned all fish traps in Alaska. The fishing industry remained strong, and continues to be the primary occupation of many residents.

The weekly newspaper, The Wrangell Sentinel was founded in 1902 and printed its first issue on November 2 of the same year. The newspaper remains in publication with only a few short periods of inactivity. It is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Alaska.

The renowned Bear Totem Store, built in the 1920s by Walter Waters, housed innumerable examples of Tlingit arts and crafts, as well as a number of irreplaceable totem poles. Waters began his business career carrying mail by boat from Wrangell to Sulzer. During this period, he traveled throughout southeast Alaska as a fur buyer. While on business travels, Waters began to acquire Indian artifacts and make valuable contacts with Indian artisans. He eventually enabled him to open his curio shop, The Bear Totem Store. A severe fire in the early 1950s burned much of the downtown area, destroying the Bear Totem Store and most of its contents. Few historic buildings remained after the fire. The disaster dramatically changed the face of Wrangell, and with new buildings the past was lost.

Logging, fishing and tourism are the current mainstays of the Wrangell area economy. One of the last two major sawmills in Southeast Alaska is operated by the Silver Bay Logging Company just south of the city proper.

The community has always been a center of the Tlingit Kaach.àdi, Kiks.ádi and Naanyaa.aayí clans and the only home of the Kayaashkiditaan, Sʼiknax̱.ádi, X̱ookʼeidí, Kaasx̱ʼagweidí, and Taalḵweidí clans. Chief Shakes Tribal House, which is known in Tlingit as Shéiksh Hídi "Shakes House", is a replica of traditional Tlingit houses. It was constructed by CCC crews in the 1930s of the Great Depression, according to traditional knowledge and methods. It stands at the original location of Shakes House, on Shakes Island inside Wrangell harbor. Today the Wrangell Cooperative Association, a Tlingit IRA council and the federally recognized tribe for the area, maintains Shakes Island and the House, as well as Totem Park near the city center.

21st century
In an election held on May 6, 2008, to decide whether to upgrade from city to borough status, 63.99% of the votes were in favor of borough status. On May 30, 2008, Wrangell was reincorporated as the City and Borough of Wrangell. Canadian American Donald McConachie Sr. was the first mayor of the CBW. He was succeeded by Jeremy M. Maxand, but was elected in 2012 as mayor again after Maxand declined to seek reelection.

The Wrangell Cooperative Association has commissioned a team to restore Chief Shakes House and the totems at Totem Park. It consists of a master carver, Wayne Price, and six assistants, four of them women, accepted after intensive training in the use of the traditional adze tool.

Geography
Wrangell is located on the northern tip of Wrangell Island, an island in the Alaska Panhandle. It is 155 mi south of the Alaskan capital of Juneau. It is across the narrow Zimovia Strait from the mouth of the Stikine River on the Alaska mainland. The town is named after the island, which was named after Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel, a Russian explorer and the administrator of the Russian-American Company from 1830 to 1835.

Per the 2010 United States Census, the borough has a total area of 3462 sqmi, of which 2541 sqmi is land and 921 sqmi is water. The former City of Wrangell, as of the 2000 census, had a total area of 70.844 sqmi, of which 45.278 sqmi was land and 25.566 sqmi was water.

Adjacent boroughs and census area

 * Petersburg Borough, Alaska
 * Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska
 * Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska
 * Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine, British Columbia, Canada - east

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Wrangell has an oceanic climate (Cfb). Summers are mild and rainy with cool nights. Winters are moderately cold, though not very cold by Alaskan standards.

National protected areas

 * Tongass National Forest (part)
 * South Etolin Wilderness
 * Stikine-LeConte Wilderness (part)

Economy
The primary industry of the city is fishing. A commercial fishing fleet is harbored in Wrangell and several sports fishing guiding services operate here as well taking tourists and wilderness adventurers to remote locations on the great Stikine River branching eastward into British Columbia. Boatyards have increased in scale allowing storage and repairs of larger vessels. The city has a picturesque golf course with a view of Mount Wrangell. Like many S.E. Alaskan communities state government spending is important to the local economy, though not to the extent of Juneau-the state capitol. The Federal government also kicks in a share with the forest service, postal service and homeland security operations expenditures. The southernmost terminus of the vast Juneau Icefield is just north of the Stikine with several glaciers flowing down to the river and saltwater at LeConte Bay. Though the number of Chinook salmon has been devastated by commercial over-harvesting recently and the fishery was largely closed in spring 2018, hope for its recovery abounds since fisheries have crashed in S.E. Alaska recurrently over history and recovered.

Whales live seasonally in the waters of the Alexander Archipelago and visit Wrangell searching for herring and salmon creating good photo opportunities. The former vast Alaska Pulp Corporation logging operations at Wrangell closed down in the mid-1990s unable to meet water quality standards though cutting hundreds of millions of board feet of lumber annually. Wrangell has three marinas on the northwest side of the island and the southernmost; Shoemaker Bay, is undergoing renewal construction in September 2018.

A Tlingit cultural center and museum is located on the waterfront of Wrangell. In order to keep a small-town rural aesthetic, the city turned down the prospect of building a state prison and home-porting a naval vessel. The Stikine Inn was remodeled to fine shape, and an inter-island ferry business was established with service to Prince of Wales Island. Sunrise Aviation, an air work and tourism float plane service, continues to provide service anywhere in the region, though helicopter journeys to high mountain glaciers need to be scheduled from Ketchikan to the south 100 miles (Ketchikan is from the Tlingit word Kootchikan meaning place of stinky fish).

Baron Von Wrangell sent Lieutenant Dionysius Zarembo to establish a trading post on Stikine Strait in 1833 to beat the Brits. Tlingits apparently were receptive to British and Russian traders.

Today nearby Zarembo Island has an elk and moose population visited by hunting guides and parties from Wrangell.

Alaska Airlines has twice daily service to Seattle as well as Juneau, Ketchikan, Sitka, and other southeastern destinations. The Alaska Marine Highway system has a terminal with a ferry dock near the Stikine Inn. In the back of a restaurant downtown there is a marijuana sales business. Wrangell's seafood processing plant, though small and consuming much of the city's water supply seasonally, employs workers from Mexico, Russia, and Somalia. Wrangell has several churches and bars and a pizza store though no citywide free wireless internet for tourists or business travelers yet. The local Native Corporation—the Sealaska Corporation, contributes to the cost of local health care provisioning.

Bonnie Demerjian, Garrison Gibson, and other writers live in the city. It has guided kayak tours in summer and some of the most accessible coastal forest wilderness hiking, camping and climbing of S.E. Alaska. It is possible to follow the historic route in kayaks to the Stikine River Delta where the orphan warrior Chief Gush X'een and his band of Tlingits defeated boatloads of invading Nisga'a warriors from the south. Rather than becoming a slave the defeated Nisga'a Chief surrendered his hat and title of Shakes to Gush X'een.

The former mill site of the Alaska Pulp Corporation that was dismantled has some use sending logs and boulders via ships and a prospect for development as a cruise ship site with multipurpose western theme shops and dark ale brewery for export. The city has expanded its electrical power lines a mile and a half south on Isheyami Drive to allow a concrete production facility to power up (they bring in sand via barge from the Stikine River).

Politics
Voters in Wrangell lean strongly Republican, having elected a Democrat only once, in 1964. Wrangell has accurately reflected the choice of Alaska's statewide presidential election winner in every election since the state's admission to the union in 1960.

Demographics
Wrangell first appeared as an unincorporated village on the 1880 U.S. Census. There were 106 residents, of which 105 were White and 1 was Creole (Mixed Russian & Native). In 1890, it counted 316 residents of which a majority, 228, were Native, 71 were White, 15 Creole, 1 Asian and 1 Other. That count included the Chantay farming settlement & Labouchere Cannery.

In 1900, it became the 5th largest community in Alaska with 868 residents (though the racial breakdown was unspecified). In 1903, Wrangell formally incorporated. In 1910, it fell to 10th largest city in Alaska and returned 743 residents, with 419 Whites, 249 Natives and 75 Others. In 1920, it had 821 residents and remained the 10th largest city. In 1930, it was the 9th largest city with 948 residents. In 1940, it rose to 8th place. In addition to the 1,162 residents, the census also reported a separate 163 individuals living in the unincorporated areas surrounding Wrangell. The combined number of 1,325 would've placed it just ahead of 7th place Petersburg (with 1,323 residents). Beginning in 1950, Wrangell fell out of the list of top 10 largest communities in Alaska. In 2008, Wrangell became a separate city & borough.

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,308 people, 907 households, and 623 families living in the city. The population density was 51.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,092 housing units at an average density of 24.1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 1696 White, 3 Black or African American, 358 Native American, 15 Asian, 3 Pacific Islander, 8 from other races, and 9.8% from two or more races. 23 of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 907 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $43,250, and the median income for a family was $54,167. Males had a median income of $43,846 versus $29,205 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,851. About 7.3% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

Schools
Wrangell is a part of Wrangell Public Schools, which operates:
 * Evergreen Elementary School
 * Stikine Middle School
 * Wrangell High School

The Wrangell Institute was an American Indian boarding school opened in 1932, which closed in 1975.

Health care
The Wrangell Medical Center hospital is owned by the Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium. The Wrangell Medical Center is a critical access hospital and long-term care facility with a total of 22 beds, 8 for acute care and 14 for long-term care. Emergency care, inpatient care, imaging, lab, and physical therapy are provided by the center. Visiting specialists in internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, optometry, pediatrics, ophthalmology, podiatry, orthopedics, rheumatology, dietetics and dermatology complement local services. SEARHC is currently constructing a new hospital that will be opened in 2021.

Alaska Island Community Services was established in Wrangell in 1989 under the original name Wrangell Community Services, and began providing Core Mental Health Services to the Community of Wrangell. Over the next two decades the delivery of services expanded to include Disability and Senior Services, rehabilitative wilderness experience for youth, Primary Care Health Care, Dental Services, and a Pharmacy Department. As a federally qualified health center, all of the services are provided on a sliding fee discount scale based on federal guidelines.

Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium is a non-profit medical, dental, vision and mental health organization serving the health interests of the residents of Southeast Alaska. In 2017 SEARHC merged with local non-profit Alaska Island Community Services to form AICS, a Division of Searhc.

Post Office
In 1943 the federal Treasury Section of Fine Arts commissioned artist Austin Mecklem and his wife, Marianne Greer Appel, to paint a mural, Old Town in Alaska, intended for the Wrangell post office. The work was completed at their studio in New York state, transported via railway on October 19, 1943, arrived in Wrangell in December 1943 and installed in early 1944.

Newspaper
In print since 1902, the newspaper for the borough is The Wrangell Sentinel, the oldest continuously published newspaper in Alaska. The Petersburg Pilot, published in Petersburg is also for sale in town, along with the Juneau Empire and the Alaska Dispatch online.

Library
The primary library is the Irene Ingle Public Library. wrangell.com/library

Radio
Wrangell is served by two radio stations: KSTK broadcasts Public Radio format, and KWRG-LP has a Christian format.

Transportation
On Wrangell Island, Wrangell has two forms of transportation: ferry and airplane. The island offers a network of paved roads and miles of logging trails.

Ferry
The Alaska Marine Highway serves Wrangell on its Inside Passage route with regular northbound and southbound stops linking residents and visitors to the rest of Southeast Alaska.

Wrangell is also a stop on the summer Monday, Friday, Saturday runs of the Inter-Island Ferry Authority's M/V Stikine. Its round-trip run originates in Coffman Cove on Prince of Wales Island, stops in Wrangell and Petersburg, then returns to Wrangell and continues to Ketchikan.

Airport
There are two daily scheduled Boeing 737-700/800 flights; passenger jet service is operated by Alaska Airlines at the Wrangell Airport. One plane arrives in the morning and one plane in the evening. Sunrise Aviation provides float plane service to the region.

Roads
The primary road is the Zimovia Highway along the west side of the island for 14 miles. Except for the highway and most roads in town, the rest are unpaved logging trails, forest service roads, and hiking trails. Isheyama Drive, which is on the east side south of the golf course, is paved for two miles. At the former terminus of the road is a view spot of Eastern Passage for pedestrians. Ballard's, named for a fisherman, does not have safe small-boat landing. A logging road runs almost all the way through to Pat's Creek road six miles south to bisect the island east–west to Shoemaker Bay, however a half-mile or less is incomplete according to one forest service timber harvest contract. The Reagan Road has been suggested as a name for the future street.

title: Wrangell, Alaska


text:
Alatna, Alaska

Alatna (Alaasuq in Iñupiaq ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area of the Unorganized Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 35 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Alatna is at 66.56694°N, -152.66639°W (66.548906, -152.844806) (Sec. 33, T021N, R024W, Fairbanks Meridian) in the Fairbanks Recording District.

Alatna is on the north bank of the Koyukuk River, southwest of its junction with the Alatna River, approximately 190 mi northwest of Fairbanks and 57 mi upriver from Hughes. Alatna lies just west of the municipal boundaries of the city of Allakaket.

The area experiences a cold, continental climate with extreme temperature differences. The average high temperature during July is 70 °F (21 °C). The average low during January is well below 0 °F (-18 °C), and extended periods of -40 °F/C are common. The highest temperature ever recorded was 94 °F (34 °C); the lowest, -75 °F (-59 °C). Average annual precipitation is 13 inches (33 cm) and average annual snowfall is 72 inches (183 cm). The Koyukuk River is ice-free from June through October.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 36.5 sqmi, all of it land.

History and culture
Several Alaska Native groups have lived in the area, including Koyukon Athabascans and Kobuk, Selawik, and Nunamiut from the north and northwest. The Koyukon lived in several camps throughout the year, moving as the seasons changed, following the wild game and fish. The various bands established joint settlements after 1851. The old site of Alatna was a trading center for Athabascans and Inuit. The first mission on the Koyukuk River, St. John's-in-the-Wilderness Episcopal Mission, was established in 1906. A post office was opened in 1925. In 1938, the community's name was changed to Allakaket (the old name for the mission), and the name Alatna was assumed by the small Eskimo community across the river. The first public school was established in 1957. A flood caused by ice jamming inundated 85% of the community in the Spring of 1964. In 1975, the community incorporated as a city, including both settlements of Allakaket and Alatna. A clinic and airport were built in 1978. A school and community roads were built in 1979. In September 1994, flood waters destroyed nearly all of the community's buildings, homes, and food caches for the winter. Residents have rebuilt near the old city site, but Alatna is no longer within the incorporated city boundaries.

A federally recognized Alaskan village is in the community—the Alatna Village. The population of the community consists of 97.1% Alaska Native or part Native. The Alatna population consists largely of descendants of Kobuk Eskimos; Athabascans predominantly live in Allakaket. Subsistence activities are prevalent.

Old Alatna (1920-1994)
The "original" Alatna first appeared as an unincorporated village on the 1920 census. At the time, it was located directly on the (north) west bank of the Yukon at 66.56222°N, -152.67222°W, a 1/2 mile west across the river from neighboring village Allakaket. The population returns for 1930 combined Alatna and neighboring Allakaket, as the latter did not report a separate total. In 1940 and 1950, the population was exclusively for Alatna. It did not appear on the 1960 or 1970 census rolls. Allakaket incorporated in 1975 and included the village of Alatna within its boundaries on the 1980 census. Alatna, however, was designated as an ANVSA (Alaskan Native Village Statistical Area) on the 1980 census (within the city of Allakaket), with 30 residents (29 of which were Native American). It appeared again in 1990 as a native village (ANVSA), again within Allakaket. In 1994, flooding of the Yukon River forced residents to relocate to higher ground a mile to the west, leaving the city limits of Allakaket.

(New) Alatna CDP (1994-)
The post-1994 flood "New" Alatna village, located just outside of the boundaries of the city of Allakaket, was recognized and classified as a census designated place (CDP) in 2000.

At the 2000 census, there were 35 people, 12 households and 6 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1.0 PD/sqmi. There were 17 housing units at an average density of 0.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup was 2.86% White, 94.29% Native American, and 2.86% from two or more races.

There were 12 households, of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 16.7% were married couples living together, 25.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.43.

37.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median household income was $20,313 and the median family income was $52,500. Males had a median income of $22,500 and females $16,250. The per capita income was $14,109. There were no families and 9.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Public services
Alatna residents haul water and use honeybuckets or outhouses. None of the 12 occupied homes have plumbing. Major improvements are underway. A new water source, water treatment plant, washeteria and sewage lagoon have been built. There is an electrical intertie with Allakaket. Residents use the Allakaket clinic, washeteria, landfill and school. Electricity is provided by the Alaska Power and Telephone Company. There are no state operated schools in the community. Local hospitals or health clinics include Alatna Clinic (907-968-2314). Alatna Clinic is a Primary Health Care facility.

Economy and transportation
The economy is seasonal and subsistence-based. Salmon, whitefish, moose, bear, small game and berries provide most food sources. Caribou are taken when available. A few earn income from trapping or traditional Native handicrafts. Construction and BLM emergency firefighting also provide summer jobs.

Alatna has no road link, but winter trails connect it with Hughes, Bettles and Tanana. River transportation is important during the summer. A state-owned 3,500' lighted runway is accessible year-round in Allakaket. There is no barge service due to shallow water.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alatna, Alaska


text:
Allakaket, Alaska

Allakaket (Aalaa Kkaakk’et in Koyukon) is a second class city in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area of the Unorganized Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 105 at the 2010 census.

History and culture
Several Native groups have lived in the area, including Koyukon Athabascans and Kobuk, Selawik, and Nunamiut Eskimos from the north and northwest. The Koyukon lived in several camps throughout the year, moving as the seasons changed, following the wild game and fish. The various bands established joint settlements after 1851. The old site of Alatna was a traditional trading center for Athabascans and Eskimos.

The first mission on the Koyukuk River, St. John's-in-the-Wilderness Episcopal Mission, was established in 1906. A post office was opened in 1925. In 1938, the name of the community was changed to Allakaket (the old name for the mission), and the name Alatna was assumed by the small Eskimo community across the river. The first public school was established in 1957. A flood caused by ice jamming inundated 85% of the community in the Spring of 1964. In 1975, the community incorporated as a City, including both settlements of Allakaket and Alatna. A clinic and airport were built in 1978. A new school and community roads were built in 1979. In September 1994, flood waters destroyed and swept away nearly all of the community's buildings, homes, and food caches for the winter. Residents rebuilt near the old City site, but some new homes and facilities are now located outside of the incorporated City boundaries. New Allakaket and Alatna are located outside of the City limits.

A federally recognized tribe is located in the community—the Allakaket Village. The population of the community consists of 95.9% Alaska Native or part Native. Allakaket is mainly an Athabascan community; Kobuk Eskimos live across the river in Alatna. Two separate village councils exist. Traditional potlatches, dances and foot races attract visitors from area villages. Subsistence activities provide the majority of food sources. The sale, importation and possession of alcohol are banned in the village.

Geography
Allakaket is located at 66.56333°N, -152.64722°W (66.562610, -152.64756) (Sec. 14, T020N, R024W, Fairbanks Meridian.) Allakaket is located in the Fairbanks Recording District.

Allakaket is on the south bank of the Koyukuk River, southwest of its junction with the Alatna River, approximately 190 mi northwest of Fairbanks and 57 mi upriver from Hughes. The village of Alatna is located directly across the river.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 sqmi, of which, 3.6 sqmi of it is land and 0.7 sqmi of it (17.05%) is water.

Climate
Allakaket has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) characterized by frigid, snowy winters and mild summers. The average high temperature during July is 70 °F. Temperatures in January fall to or below 0 F on all but four mornings, and during December and February on all but six per month, whilst extended periods below −40 °F are common: the coldest month on record of January 1971 averaged −44.9 F. Being further from the Alaska Range than Fairbanks, Allakaket is less influenced by warming chinook winds, so that temperatures have topped freezing in January only six times on record, and in December only ten times of record.

The highest temperature ever recorded was 94 °F and the lowest was -75 °F. Average precipitation is 12.41 in and annual snowfall is 61.3 in. The Koyukuk River is ice-free from June through October.

Demographics
Allakaket first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated native village. In 1930, it and neighboring Alatna (1/2 mile west across the Yukon River) were combined (under Alatna's name) for a total of 131 (given Alatna's population was between 28 and 32 persons from 1920 to 1950, it can be estimated that Allakaket's population was about 100 for that census). Allakaket formally incorporated in 1975, including the village of Alatna across the river. Following flooding in 1994, the residents of the Alatna portion on the western side of the Yukon River relocated to higher ground to the west, just outside of city boundaries. As a result, in 2000, Alatna was declared a new census-designated place (CDP), separate from the city of Allakaket.

As of the census of 2000, there were 97 people, 41 households, and 18 families residing in the city. The population density was 27.0 PD/sqmi. There were 59 housing units at an average density of 16.4 per square mile (6.3/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 4.12% White, and 95.88% Native American.

There were 41 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.7% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.7% were non-families. 53.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.68.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.7% under the age of 18, 19.6% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 155.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $16,563, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $13,750 versus $35,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,912. There were 11.8% of families and 12.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 12.5% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Public services
Most public facilities were severely damaged in the 1994 Koyukuk River flood. Major components have been replaced—a new washeteria, well and treatment plant, 100000 usgal water storage tank, sewage lagoon, and force main have recently been completed. The lagoon is connected to the washeteria and school. Residents carry treated water and haul honeybuckets or use pit privies; no households have plumbing. Infrastructure improvements to provide a flush/haul system are continuing. A new landfill and access road are also under construction. Electricity is provided by Alaska Power Company. There is one school located in the community, attended by 52 students. Local hospitals or health clinics include Allakaket Health Clinic (907-968-2248). Allakaket Health Clinic is a Primary Health Care facility. Allakaket is classified as an isolated village, it is found in EMS Region 1C in the Interior Region. Emergency Services have river and air access. Emergency service is provided by a health aide.

The Yukon–Koyukuk School District operates the Allakaket School.

Economy and transportation
Most cash jobs are part-time or seasonal. The primary year-round employers are the school, City, Tribe and village corporation store. Construction and BLM emergency firefighting provide summer jobs. A few earn income from trapping or selling traditional Native handicrafts. Subsistence is the focus of the local economy. Salmon, whitefish, moose, bear, small game and berries provide most food sources. Caribou are taken when available.

Allakaket has no road link, but winter trails connect it with Hughes, Bettles and Tanana. River transportation is important in summer, but there is no commercial barge access due to shallow water. The state-owned Allakaket Airport has a 4000 by gravel runway and is accessible year-round. A $6 million airport improvement began construction in 1997. Arctic Circle Air Service, Servant Air, Warbelow's Air Ventures, and Wright Air Service offer passenger flight service.

Allakaket does not impose taxes on real estate, or from other sources.

Notable people

 * Jay Ramras (born 1964), businessman, politician
 * Steven "Tig" Strassburg (born 1986), "First Alaskans" - National Geographic

title: Allakaket, Alaska


text:
Anvik, Alaska

Anvik (Deg Xinag: Gitr'ingith Chagg ) is a city, home to the Deg Hit'an people, in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. The name Anvik, meaning "exit" in the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language, became the common usage despite multiple names at the time, and may have come from early Russian explorers. The native name in the Deg Xinag language is Deloy Ges. The population was 85 at the 2010 census, down from 104 in 2000.

Geography
Anvik is located west of the Yukon River at the mouth of the Anvik River. It is 34 mi to the north of Holy Cross. There is a public Anvik Airport (ANV) with a 2,960-foot (902 m) gravel runway located one mile (1.6 km) southeast of downtown Anvik.

The Anvik Connector is a trail, designated a national side trail, which links the community to the Iditarod Trail 86 mi to the east.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.9 sqmi, of which 9.5 sqmi is land and 2.4 sqmi (20.44%) is water. It is an incorporated place (FIPS 55-3 Class C6).

Demographics
Anvik first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as Anvik Station and Village with 95 residents: 94 were members of the Tinneh tribe and 1 was White. It has returned as Anvik since 1890 (however, for the purpose of consolidation, Anvik's total population that year included both the Anvik Mission and Station, as well as the native (Tinneh) village and Kaltag). It incorporated in 1969.

At the 2000 census, there were 104 people, 39 households and 23 families residing in the city. The population density was 10.9 PD/sqmi. There were 49 housing units at an average density of 5.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94 Native American, nine White, and one from other races. One also reported Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.

Of the 39 households, 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.8% were married couples living together, 25.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.43.

Age distribution was 34 under the age of 15, 6 from 16 to 18, 9 from 18 to 24, 28 from 25 to 44, 19 from 45 to 64, and 8 who were 65 years of age or older. The average age was 30.14 and the median age was 28.5 years, compared to 32.4 for the entire state. There were 57 males (35 over 18) and 47 females (29 over 18).

The annual median household income was $21,250, and the median family income was $18,125. Males had a median income of $0 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $8,081 (compare $21,587 nationally). Median rent was $263 and monthly housing and mortgage costs were $833. There were 40.0% of families and 44.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 45.5% of under eighteens and 50.0% of those over 64.

Education
The Iditarod Area School District operates the Blackwell School in Anvik.

title: Anvik, Alaska


text:
Arctic Village, Alaska

Arctic Village (Vashrąįį K'ǫǫ in Gwich'in) is an unincorporated Native American village and a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the CDP was 152. This was unchanged from 2000. The village is located in the large Gwitch'in speaking region of Alaska, and the local dialect is known as Di'haii Gwich’in or shahanh. As of 1999, over 95% of the community speaks and understands the language. (Kraus, 1999) As of 2019, the second village chief was against oil drilling because of the impact on caribou.

History
Evidence from archaeological investigations indicate that the Arctic Village area may have been settled as early as 4500 BC. Around 500 AD the Athabascan speaking Gwich'in people (often called Neets'aii Gwich'in or "those who dwell to the north") came into the area with seasonal hunting and fishing camps. About 1900, the village became a permanent settlement.

Geography
Arctic Village is located at 68.12194°N, -145.52778°W (68.121828, -145.527686), on the east fork of the Chandalar River, about a hundred miles north of Fort Yukon. The area consists of flat floodlands near the river, but is mostly wooded hills.

The CDP has a total area of 69.9 sqmi, of which, 61.71 sqmi is land and 8.12 sqmi (11.63%) is water.

Climate
Arctic Village has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc). On September 30, 1970, Arctic Village recorded a low temperature of -13 °F, which is the lowest recorded temperature in Alaska in the month of September. Arctic village heats up very quickly during the months of May and June, peaking in July at an average daily high at 68.9 °F, while temperatures start to fall rapidly by the end of July, and even more so during the months of August and September. Summer temperatures are surprisingly mild considering its location North of 68 degrees latitude.

Demographics
Arctic Village first appeared on the 1910 U.S. Census as the unincorporated village of "Arctic." It did not appear on the 1920 census. It returned as "Arctic" from 1930 through 1960. In 1970, it then returned under its present name of Arctic Village. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980. Curiously, it reported the same population in 1910 and 1930 (40 residents), and in 2000 and 2010 it reported the same population of 152.

As of the census of 2000, there were 152 people, 52 households, and 30 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2.5 pd/sqmi. There were 67 housing units at an average density of 1.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 7.89% White, 86.18% Native American, and 5.92% from two or more races. 0.66% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 52 households, out of which 44.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.0% were married couples living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.58.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 41.4% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 2.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 128.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $20,250, and the median income for a family was $19,000. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $10,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,761. About 30.8% of families and 46.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

Education
Yukon Flats School District operates the Arctic Village School.

Politics
As of 2019, David Smith Jr. was the second tribal chief of Arctic Village; he opposes oil drilling because of the impact on caribou.

Literature

 * J. C. Hutchins' 7th Son, Book 2, Deceit features Arctic Village as a location containing a clue concerning the antagonist's plans.
 * Erin Hunter's book Seekers: The Last Wilderness features Arctic Village as a setting in the book. This is where Ujurak is healed by a native and is also captured by a senator.

title: Arctic Village, Alaska


text:
Beaver, Alaska

Beaver (Ts'aahudaaneekk'onh Denh  in Koyukon) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the time of the 2010 census the population was 84, unchanged from 2000, however the 2020 census reported a total population of 48.

Geography
Beaver is located at 66.35972°N, -147.39744°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 21.6 sqmi, of which, 20.5 sqmi of it is land and 1.1 sqmi of it (5.05%) is water.

Demographics
Beaver first appeared on the 1930 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It is unusual for having had just three different population figures on 7 out of 9 censuses (103 in 1930 & 1990; 101 in 1950-70 & 84 in 2000-10) and an identical (unchanged) population on 5 different censuses (101 in 1950, 1960 & 1970 and 84 in 2000 and 2010). Beaver became a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980.

2020 Census
As of the 2020 Census, there were a reported 48 inhabitants across 41 households and 57 housing units within the CDP. The population density was 2.34 inhabitants per square mile (0.9/km2). The racial makeup was 95.83% Native American, 2.08% White, and 2.08% Hispanic or Latino.

The median household income was $36,964 and the median incomes for families was $46,250, both of which remained far below the Alaska median household income of $88,121. The poverty rate was 26.2%, including 61.1% of people under 18 years old and 24.4% of those aged 18 to 64 years.

The employment rate was 72.7%, with 70.8% of workers being in local, state, or federal employees, 22.9% being employees of private companies, and 6.3% being employed by private not-for-profits. As for transportation, 100% of workers 16 years old and over walked to work, with the average commute time being 5.6 minutes.

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 84 people, 31 households, and 19 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4.1 PD/sqmi. There were 54 housing units at an average density of 2.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 4.76% White, 85.71% Native American, and 9.52% from two or more races.

There were 31 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 12.9% were married couples living together, 32.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.42.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 40.5% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 154.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 163.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $29,792. Males had a median income of $26,667 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,441. There were no families and 11.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
Yukon Flats School District operates the Cruikshank School.

Health
Sale, importation and possession of alcohol are banned in the village.

title: Beaver, Alaska


text:
Bettles, Alaska

Bettles (Kk’odlel T’odegheelenh Denh in Koyukon; Atchiiniq in Iñupiaq ) is a city in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is near Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. The population was 23 at the 2020 census, up from 12 in 2010. It is the second smallest incorporated city in the state.

History
The original village was founded a mile southwest of the junction of the John & Koyukuk Rivers in the late 1890s during the Alaska Gold Rush and was named for Gordon C. Bettles, a newspaper man, Montana Silver prospector, and trader who established the trading post and community in 1898. A post office was established in 1901 and continued intermittently until 1956. Residents began relocating 5 mi east to Evansville, where the airstrip that serves the community today was built in World War II and is now used for commercial air service. The Hickel Highway was used to transport equipment and supplies to the North Slope for oil exploration, and to build the Dalton Highway, which is now used as a truck route to the oilfields. The old village was largely abandoned and the New Bettles was carved out of Evansville and was incorporated in 1985.

Old Bettles (1930–1960)
The original village of Bettles first appeared on the 1930 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. At that time, it was located on the west bank of the Koyukuk River, a mile west of its junction with the John River 66.90694°N, -151.68306°W. With the construction of the airfield at Evansville 5 miles east, residents began relocating away by the 1940s and the post office closed in 1956. The original village would later be known as "Old Bettles." It would apparently last appear on the 1960 U.S. Census, although it is not entirely clear if the figures for 1950 and 1960 were for the settlement of the old village or for the new settlement around the airstrip in Evansville. It was reported the last residents left the old village in 1997, though several buildings still remain two decades later.

New Bettles (1990–present)
The present day city of "New" Bettles is about 5 miles east of the old settlement surrounding the Bettles Airstrip and was originally known as Evansville. It is located on the south bank of the Koyukuk River and east of where the John River flows into it. 66.91889°N, -151.51611°W. Although the area began to be settled around World War II with the construction of the airfield, it was not entirely clear if the population figures for 1950 and 1960 were for the "New" Bettles or the old village, which still was occupied until 1997. When Bettles ceased to report after the 1960 census, the area around the airfield reported as the unincorporated village of Evansville on the 1970 census and as a census-designated place on the 1980 census. In 1985, a section of unincorporated Evansville was carved out and incorporated as the city of Bettles, and it has appeared on the U.S. Census again beginning in 1990.

As of the census of 2000, there were 43 people, 16 households, and 9 families residing in the city. The population density was 26.2 people per square mile (10.1 per km2). There were 36 housing units at an average density of 21.9/sq mi (8.5 per km2). The racial makeup of the city was 76.74% White, 18.60% Native American, and 4.65% from two or more races.

There were 16 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 37.2% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $49,375, and the median income for a family was $65,000. Males had a median income of $47,917 versus $48,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,585. There were 10.0% of families and 6.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 11.1% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

The population of Bettles has decreased since 2000. The 2010 census estimated the population at 12 and the latest census estimates remain at 12. The Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce development estimates the 2017 population at 9. As of the 2020 census, the population has risen to 23.

Geography
Bettles is located on the southeast bank of the Koyukuk River at 66.91333°N, -151.5225°W (66.913419, −151.522374). The city is on the former Hickel Highway, that now connects to the Dalton Highway as a winter ice road only and crosses the Jim River. Bettles is 35 mi north of the Arctic Circle, just south of the Brooks Range. The city is also served by a 5190 ft gravel airstrip built by the military.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.6 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
As is typical of the Alaska Interior, Bettles experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with very long, frigid winters and short, warm summers, and is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 1, indicating the coldest temperature of the year is typically at or below −50 °F. Temperatures usually remain consistently below freezing from late October to late March, and the bulk of the year's snow occurs from October to April, with generally light accumulations in May and September; the average annual snowfall stands at 91 in. In summer, temperatures reach 70 °F on 37 days and 80 °F on 6.4, with an average of 1 night not falling below 60 °F. The threat of frost usually begins in late August, but sometimes it can happen during the first half of that month. A majority of the annual precipitation of 14.9 in occurs during summer as well. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −70 °F, recorded on January 4, 1975, up to 93 °F, set on July 6, 1986.

 * Notes:

Education
The community was previously served by the Bettles Field School of the Yukon–Koyukuk School District.

Transportation
Bettles Airport's commercial and freight airline service is provided by Wright Air Service, with daily service to and from Fairbanks and other communities. The Vor Lake Waterlane seaplane base is located 2.5 mi south of the city.

Notable people

 * Aliy Zirkle (born 1970), sled dog racer
 * Otto W. Geist (1888–1963), archaeologist, explorer, naturalist

title: Bettles, Alaska


text:
Birch Creek, Alaska

Birch Creek (Łiteet'aii in Gwich’in) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States.

Geography
The village is along Birch Creek, about 26 mi southwest of Fort Yukon. Birch Creek is at 66.25667°N, -145.81528°W (66.256708, -145.815319).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.4 sqmi, of which, 6.1 sqmi of it is land and 0.3 sqmi of it (4.23%) is water.

Demographics
Birch Creek first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as an unincorporated (native) village. It did not appear again until the 1980 U.S. Census when it was made a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 11 households, and 7 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4.6 PD/sqmi. There were 22 housing units at an average density of 3.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 100.00% Native American.

There were 11 households, out of which 54.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 9.1% were married couples living together, 45.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.63.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 14.3% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64,. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $11,250, and the median income for a family was $13,750. Males had a median income of $11,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,952. There were 33.3% of families and 37.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 33.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
It was previously served by a school of the Yukon Flats School District.

Health
Sale, importation and possession of alcohol are banned in the village.

title: Birch Creek, Alaska


text:
Central, Alaska

Central is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 96, down from 134 in 2000. Every February, Central hosts a checkpoint for the long-distance Yukon Quest sled dog race.

Geography
Central is located at 65.53333°N, -144.69556°W (65.533461, -144.695650). The elevation is 942 feet. The Steese Highway (Alaska Route 6) does pass through Central.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 249.4 sqmi, of which, 247.9 sqmi of it is land and 1.5 sqmi of it (0.60%) is water.

Climate
Central has a continental subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc).

Demographics
Central first appeared on the 1950 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980.

As of the census of 2000, there were 134 people, 67 households, and 33 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.5 PD/sqmi. There were 169 housing units at an average density of 0.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 84.33% White, 7.46% Native American, 0.75% Asian, 2.99% from other races, and 4.48% from two or more races. 0.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 67 households, out of which 14.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 1.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.7% were non-families. 43.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 41.8% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 135.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 143.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,875, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $60,750 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,593. There were 15.8% of families and 22.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 34.6% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
It was previously served by a school of the Yukon Flats School District.

title: Central, Alaska


text:
Chalkyitsik, Alaska

Chalkyitsik (Jałgiitsik in Gwich'in), meaning "to fish with a hook, at the mouth of the creek", is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is located on the left (south) bank of the Black River, 45 miles northeast of Fort Yukon. At the 2010 census the population was 69, down from 83 in 2000.

Geography
Chalkyitsik is located at 66.65167°N, -143.72722°W (66.651529, -143.727356).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.1 sqmi, of which, 8.7 sqmi of it is land and 0.3 sqmi of it (3.76%) is water. Chalkystik has a bitter subarctic climate.

Climate
Chalkyitsik has a continental subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dwc) with mild summers and cold winters. Precipitation is very low, but significantly higher in summer than at other times of the year. A weather station was operated from August 1962 to November 1972; the weather record is thus very sparse.

Education
Yukon Flats School District operates the Tsuk Taih School.

Demographics
Chalkyitsik first appeared as an unincorporated village on the 1930 U.S. Census under the name of Fishhook, which is the literal translation of the native name, not to be confused with the present census-designated place, Fishhook in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. It appeared again in 1940, but failed to appear in 1950. It was returned in 1960 formally as Chalkyitsik, and has appeared on every successive census. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980.

As of the census of 2000, there were 83 people, 35 households, and 17 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 9.5 PD/sqmi. There were 62 housing units at an average density of 7.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 2.41% White and 97.59% Native American.

There were 35 households, out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.6% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.4% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 14.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 185.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $16,250, and the median income for a family was $16,875. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,509. There were 54.5% of families and 52.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 100.0% of under eighteen and none of those over 64.

Transportation
The city is served by Chalkyitsik Airport with one commercial airline. With only 69 residents, Chalkytsik has one of the lowest per-airline averages of residents in the United States.

title: Chalkyitsik, Alaska


text:
Circle, Alaska

Circle (also called Circle City; Gwichʼin: Danzhit Khànląįį) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 104, up from 100 in 2000.

Circle is 160 mi northeast of Fairbanks at the end of the Steese Highway along the Yukon River. Circle was named by miners in the late 19th century who believed that the town was on the Arctic Circle, but the Arctic Circle is about 50 mi north of Circle. Circle used to be an active freight hub for many villages along the Yukon.

Every February, Circle City hosts a checkpoint for the long-distance Yukon Quest sled dog race.

There is only one general store, Hutchinson Commercial, which also sells alcohol and houses the only fuel pump in town. The price of fuel is generally 35-40% higher than prices in Fairbanks.

Many of the events in John McPhee's 1976 non-fiction book Coming into the Country occur in Circle.

In Truman Capote's non-fiction book In Cold Blood, Perry Edward Smith mentions spending time with his father in Circle City.

Geography
Circle is located at 65.83444°N, -144.07639°W (65.834464, -144.076392).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 108.2 sqmi, of which 107.7 sqmi is land and 0.5 sqmi (0.50%) is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Circle has a subarctic climate, abbreviated "Dfc" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Circle was 94 F on July 25, 1955, and June 26, 2004, while the coldest temperature recorded was -60 F on December 15, 1946, January 23, 1951, January 19, 1952, December 24, 1961, December 28–20, 1961 and January 18, 1971.

Demographics
Circle first appeared on the 1900 U.S. Census as "Circle City," although it was an unincorporated village. Its name was shortened to Circle for the 1910 census. It was made a census-designated place in 1980.

At the 2000 census, there were 100 people, 34 households and 22 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.9 PD/sqmi. There were 42 housing units at an average density of 0.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 14.00% White, 76.00% Native American, 1.00% from other races, and 9.00% from two or more races. 4.00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 34 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 11.8% were married couples living together, 32.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.48.

29.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.2 males.

The median household income was $11,667, and the median family income was $11,250. Males had a median income of $0 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,426. There were 50.0% of families and 42.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 57.9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

History
Circle was established in 1893 when gold was discovered in Birch Creek; it served as an unloading point for supplies shipped up the Yukon River from the Bering Sea. The goods were sent overland to gold mining camps. In 1896, before the Klondike Gold Rush, Circle was the largest mining town on the Yukon River and had a population of 700. It had a store, a few dance halls, an opera house, a library, a school, a hospital, an American Episcopal church, a newspaper, a mill, and several federal officials: United States commissioner, marshal, customs inspector, tax collector and a postmaster.

Circle lost much of its population after gold discoveries in the Klondike in 1897, and Nome in 1899. A few miners stayed near Circle. Mining in the area has continued into the 21st century. Most of the residents of Circle today are Athabascan.

Education
Yukon Flats School District operates the Circle School.

title: Circle, Alaska


text:
Coldfoot, Alaska

Coldfoot is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population was 34 at the 2020 census. It is said that the name was derived from travelers getting "cold feet" about making the 240-some-mile journey north to Deadhorse.

Coldfoot primarily serves as a truck stop on the Dalton Highway from Fairbanks to Prudhoe Bay. North of Coldfoot, there are no services for 240 miles (400 km), until Deadhorse. It has a restaurant and a small number of overnight accommodations (converted pipeline construction camp quarters). Bus tours along the highway typically take two days, with passengers spending the night in Coldfoot. The BLM, USFWS, and NPS jointly staff a small visitor center during the summer. The Coldfoot truck stop was founded by Iditarod champion Dick Mackey, who started his operation by selling hamburgers out of a converted school bus. Truckers helped build the existing truck stop and cafe. The Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities (DOT&PF) has a camp (maintenance station) in Coldfoot.

The town was originally a mining camp named Slate Creek, and around 1900 got its present name when prospectors going up the nearby Middle Fork Koyukuk River would get "cold feet" and turn around. In 1902, Coldfoot had two roadhouses, two stores, seven saloons, and a gambling house. A post office operated from 1902 to 1912, then reopened in 1984.

Coldfoot Airport, on the west side of the Dalton Highway, consists of a 4000 foot gravel strip, used for air taxi and general aviation.

Coldfoot has been featured on Ice Road Truckers, a Canadian reality television series airing on the History Channel. The truck stop was first seen during the show's third season.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Coldfoot has a total area of 37.0 sqmi, which is all land.

Climate
Coldfoot belongs to the typical subarctic climate type (Köppen Dfc), characterized by long and extremely cold winters and warm and short summers. Year-round temperature extremes range from -74 F to 88 F. A low temperature of -82 F has been measured at this place before but not officially recognized, otherwise making Coldfoot the coldest place in the United States, not Prospect Creek.

Demographics
Coldfoot first appeared in the 2000 U.S. Census as a census-designated place.

2020
At the 2000 census, there were thirteen people, six households, and one family residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.4 PD/sqmi. There were twelve housing units at an average density of 0.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 100% White. There were six households: two had children under the age of eighteen living with them, two were married couples living together, and four were non-families. Three households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.17, and the average family size was 4.

The age distribution was three under the age of 18, one from 18 to 24, five from 25 to 44, and four from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years. There were four females and nine males, including three females and seven males aged eighteen and over.

The median household income was $61,250, and the per capita income was $42,620. None of the population was living below the poverty line.

Education
The community was previously served by a school of the Yukon–Koyukuk School District.

title: Coldfoot, Alaska


text:
Evansville, Alaska

Evansville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 15 at the 2010 census, down from 28 in 2000. The community is adjacent to Bettles. The community is named after Wilford Evans, Sr, who took part in the founding of Bettles Lodge.

Geography
Evansville is located on the southeast bank of the Koyukuk River at 66.90306°N, -151.49917°W (66.902950, -151.499190). The community is on the former Hickel Highway, that now connects to the Dalton Highway as a winter ice road only and crosses the Jim River. Evansville is 35 mi north of the Arctic Circle, just south of the Brooks Range, home of the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 22.4 sqmi, of which, 22.2 sqmi of it is land and 0.2 sqmi of it (0.85%) is water.

Climate
As with much of Interior Alaska, Evansville experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with very long, frigid winters and short, warm summers, and is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 1, indicating the coldest temperature of the year is typically at or below −50 °F. Temperatures usually remain consistently below freezing from late October to late March, and the majority of the year's snow occurs from October to April, with lighter amounts in May and September; the average annual snowfall stands at 91 in. In summer, temperatures reach 70 °F on 37 days and 80 °F on 6.4, with an average of 1 night not falling below 60 °F. The first frost of the season usually begins in late August, but sometimes it can happen during the first half of that month. A majority of the annual precipitation of 14.9 in occurs during summer as well. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −70 °F, recorded on January 4, 1975, up to 93 °F, set on July 6, 1986.

 * Notes:

Demographics
Evansville first appeared on the 1970 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. In 1980, it was made a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 12 households, and 6 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1.3 PD/sqmi. There were 30 housing units at an average density of 1.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 46.43% White, 50.00% Native American, and 3.57% from two or more races.

There were 12 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.0% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 14.3% from 45 to 64, and 25.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $53,750, and the median income for a family was $54,583. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,746. There were no families and 4.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Transportation
Bettles Airport's commercial and freight airline service is provided by Wright Air Service, with daily service to and from Fairbanks and other communities. The Vor Lake Waterlane seaplane base is located in the community.

Education
The community was previously served by the Bettles Field School of the Yukon–Koyukuk School District. The school, however was closed in the 2002-03 school year due to insufficient enrollment.

title: Evansville, Alaska


text:
Flat, Alaska

Flat is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the CDP was 0, down from 4 residents in 2000. Its post office closed in January 2004. Summer residents visited less and none remained by 2014. As of 2023, few buildings are inhabitable with hundreds of collapsed ruins.

History
Prospectors John Beaton and W.A. Dikeman discovered gold on Otter Creek on December 25, 1908. News of the discovery spread slowly, but some miners arrived in the summer of 1909 and built a small camp they called Flat City. More gold was discovered on nearby Flat Creek and more miners arrived in 1910. Beaton, Peter Miscovich, Lars Ostnes, and David Strandberg were prominent early arrivals who mined successfully long after the initial "boomtown" faded. By 1914, the community had grown to about 6,000 people, complete with an elementary school, a telephone system, two stores, a hotel, restaurant, pool hall, laundry and jail. However, a fire started by the "Durand Café" in 1924 caused the majority of the town to burn, thus starting a decline. By 1930, the population had declined to 124. No plat was filed for Flat, and the town site rests on mining claims, so the existence of Flat may contravene the law, but the U.S. Post Office acknowledged the community and served its few residents with an office until the year 2000.

Between 1986 and 2000, the primary year-round residents were a family of five who worked together to maintain the area in the winter for mining in the summer.

Wiley Post 1933 airplane crash
In July 1933, pioneering aviator Wiley Post undertook the first solo flight around the world. On July 20, en route to Fairbanks from a stop in Khabarovsk, Siberia, Post nosed over his high-wing, single-engine Lockheed Vega, the Winnie Mae, in Flat. Local residents helped him right the aircraft. The only damage was a broken propeller. A replacement propeller was brought to Flat by pioneer Alaska flier Joe Crosson and the airplane was repaired by John Miscovich. Post continued to Fairbanks, then on to Edmonton and New York, completing his solo flight around the world in under 8 days. 50 years later, Miscovich constructed a monument to commemorate Post's first solo flight around the world.

Geography
Flat is located at 62.45417°N, -158.00833°W (62.454135, -158.008284), 7 miles southeast of Iditarod.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 161.1 sqmi, all of which of is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics
Flat first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It would continue to appear until 1960. It did not appear again until 2000 when it was made a census designated place (CDP) with its boundaries including the former city of Iditarod and the former mining village of Otter. As of 2010, it has no residents.

 * Note that the population of 6,000 for 1914 during its peak year is speculative and not an official count by the U.S. Census Bureau.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4 people in 1 household (a married couple with children, in this case) and in 1 family residing in the town. The population density was 0.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3 housing units at an average density of 0.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was all white.

In the CDP, the population was evenly spread out over the age categories under-18, 18 to 24, 25 to 44 and from 45 to 64. The median age was 33 years. There were as many males as there were females, but apparently the only person below 18 was a girl.

2010 census
By the 2010 census, the population was 0.

title: Flat, Alaska


text:
Fort Yukon, Alaska

Fort Yukon (Gwichyaa Zheh in Gwich'in) is a city in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska, straddling the Arctic Circle. The population, predominantly Gwich'in Alaska Natives, was 428 at the 2020 census, down from 595 in 2000.

Fort Yukon was the hometown of the late Alaska Congressman Don Young. Served by Fort Yukon Airport, it is also known for having the record highest temperature in Alaska.

History
This area north of the Arctic Circle was occupied for thousands of years by cultures of indigenous people and in historic times by the Gwich’in people. Gwich'yaa Zhee means "House on the Flats" in Gwichʼin.

What became the village of Fort Yukon developed from a trading post, Fort Yukon, established by Alexander Hunter Murray of the Hudson's Bay Company, on June 25, 1847. Murray drew numerous sketches of fur trade posts and of people and wrote the Journal of the Yukon, 1847–48, which gave valuable insight into the culture of the Gwich’in at the time. While the post was in Russian America, the Hudson's Bay Company continued to trade there until the American traders expelled it in 1869, following the Alaska Purchase when the Alaska Commercial Company took over the post.

During the Klondike Gold Rush, in the winter of 1897–1898, Fort Yukon received two hundred prospectors from Dawson City, which was short of supply. A post office was established on July 12, 1898, with John Hawksly as its first postmaster. The settlement suffered over the following decades as a result of several infectious disease epidemics and a 1949 flood.

During the 1950s, the United States Air Force established a base and radar station at Fort Yukon; the town was officially incorporated in 1959. Since the late 20th century, due in part to its extreme northerly location and its proximity to Fairbanks, it has become a minor tourist destination.

On February 7, 1984, a Terrier Malemute-type sounding rocket, with a maximum altitude of 310 mi, was launched from Fort Yukon.

Geography

Fort Yukon is located on the north bank of the Yukon River at its confluence with the Porcupine River, about 145 mi northeast of Fairbanks.

As of 2014, the Arctic Circle passes through the southern portion of the city at 66.56336°N, -145.25639°W. Due to long-term oscillations in the Earth's axis, the Arctic Circle currently shifts northward by about 14.5 m per year, though varying substantially from year to year due to the complexity of the movement.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Yukon City has a total area of 7.4 sqmi, of which 7.0 sqmi of it is land and 0.4 sqmi of it (5.65%) is water.

Climate
Fort Yukon has a strongly continental subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc). In the summer Fort Yukon has midnight sun and in December the sun appears for only a few hours each day.

Summer temperatures are exceptionally high for such a northerly area, being far warmer than the tree line threshold. The highest temperature ever recorded in Alaska occurred in Fort Yukon on June 27, 1915, when it reached 100 °F. This was also the highest temperature recorded north of the Arctic Circle until June 20, 2020, when it was finally exceeded by a 38 °C reading at Verkhoyansk, a location similarly known for its extremely continental climate.

Fort Yukon is also subject to severe winters, being less influenced by chinook winds than areas to the west—the winter season absolute maximum being 13 F-change colder than in Fairbanks. Until 1971, Fort Yukon held the all-time lowest temperature record for Alaska and the United States at -78 °F, and it still holds the record for the lowest mean monthly temperature when the notoriously cold month of December 1917 had an average daily temperature of −48.3 F and the minimum averaged −58 F.

The city is among the best places in the world for observing the Aurora Borealis.

Demographics
Fort Yukon first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village of 109 residents. Of those, 107 were members of the Tinneh Tribe and 2 were Whites. It did not appear on the 1890 census, but has returned in every successive census since 1900. It formally incorporated in 1959, the year Alaska became a state.

As of the census of 2000, there were 595 people, 225 households, and 137 families residing in the city. The population density was 85.0 PD/sqmi. There were 317 housing units at an average density of 45.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.05% Native American, 10.76% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.17% Asian, and 0.17% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 225 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.8% were married couples living together, 23.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.37.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.4% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $32,083. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $27,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,360. About 18.0% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Yukon Flats School District operates the Fort Yukon School, serving Fort Yukon.

The University of Alaska (Fairbanks) operates a rural campus facility called the Yukon Flats Center.

Notable people

 * Hudson Stuck (1863–1920), Episcopal priest, social reformer, mountain climber (buried there in the native cemetery)
 * Hannah Paul Solomon (1908–2011), first woman elected mayor of Fort Yukon
 * Jonathon Solomon (1932–2006), Goldman Environmental Prize recipient for his efforts to protect the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
 * Don Young (1933–2022), longest-serving Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives and of Congress in history
 * Clarence Alexander (born 1939), First Chief of Fort Yukon
 * Woodie Salmon (born 1952), politician, Representative, Alaska State House of Representatives, 2004–2010, former Chief, Chalkyitsik, Council Member, Fort Yukon Mayor, Fort Yukon
 * Velma Wallis (born 1960), Native American writer

title: Fort Yukon, Alaska


text:
Four Mile Road, Alaska

Four Mile Road is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 43 at the 2010 census, up from 38 in 2000.

Geography
Four Mile Road is located at 64.59639°N, -149.12556°W (64.596324, -149.125480). It is located next to George Parks Highway or you can get there by the Nenana Municipal Airport in Nenana down South.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.9 sqmi, of which, 0.9 sqmi of it is land and 1.10% is water.

To the right of the city, there is the Nenana River.

Demographics
Four Mile Road first appeared on the 2000 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 38 people, 16 households, and 10 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 42.0 PD/sqmi. There were 19 housing units at an average density of 21.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 73.68% White and 26.32% Native American.

There were 16 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 136.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $53,125, and the median income for a family was $66,250. Males had a median income of $27,083 versus $8,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $28,465. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

title: Four Mile Road, Alaska