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Dover, Kentucky

Dover is a home rule-class city in Mason County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 221 at the 2020 census, down from 252 in 2010. It is part of the Maysville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The town of Dover was laid out by Arthur Fox Jr. in 1818 and possibly named for Dover, England, his father's hometown. A post office was established at Dover in 1833. Dover was incorporated in 1836.

Geography
Dover is located on the south bank of the Ohio River and is bordered to the north by Brown County, Ohio. Kentucky Route 8 runs along the southern edge of the city; the highway leads southeast (upriver) 12 mi to Maysville, the Mason county seat, and west (downriver) 7 mi to Augusta.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Dover has a total area of 0.45 sqmi, of which 0.02 sqmi, or 4.01%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 316 people, 115 households, and 93 families residing in the city. The population density was 640.8 PD/sqmi. There were 124 housing units at an average density of 251.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.15% White, 0.63% African American, 0.32% Native American, and 1.90% from two or more races.

There were 115 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 15.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $32,250. Males had a median income of $35,208 versus $16,023 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,187. About 17.7% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Dover, Kentucky


text:
Maysville, Kentucky

Maysville is a home rule-class city in Mason County, Kentucky, United States, and is the seat of Mason County. The population was 8,873 as of the 2020 census. Maysville is on the Ohio River, 66 mi northeast of Lexington. It is the principal city of the Maysville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which comprises Mason County. Two bridges cross the Ohio from Maysville to Aberdeen, Ohio: the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge built in 1931 and the William H. Harsha Bridge built in 2001.

On the edge of the outer Bluegrass Region, Maysville is historically important in Kentucky's settlement. Frontiersmen Simon Kenton and Daniel Boone are among the city's founders. Later, Maysville became an important port on the Ohio River for the northeastern part of the state. It exported bourbon whiskey, hemp and tobacco, the latter two produced mainly by African American slaves before the Civil War. It was once a center of wrought iron manufacture, sending ironwork downriver to decorate the buildings of Cincinnati, Ohio, and New Orleans, Louisiana. Other small manufacturers also located early in Maysville, and manufacturing remains an important part of the modern economy. Under the leadership of Henry Means Walker, Maysville was home to one of the largest tobacco auction warehouses in the world for most of the 20th century.

Maysville was an important stop on the Underground Railroad, as the free state of Ohio was just across the river. Abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe visited the area in 1833 and watched a slave auction in front of the court house in Washington, the original seat of the county and now a historic district of Maysville. She included the scene in her influential novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, published in 1852.

Early settlement
Buffalo once forded the Ohio here, beating a broad path into the interior of Kentucky in search of salt licks. For thousands of years, various cultures of indigenous peoples inhabited the area, hunting the buffalo and other game. In the 17th century, the powerful Iroquois Confederacy, based in present-day New York state, drove out other tribes to hold the Ohio Valley as a hunting ground.

European-American settlers traveling down the Ohio in the 18th century and early 19th century found a natural harbor at Limestone Creek. The buffalo trace, also a well-used trail traveled for centuries by Native Americans, was a natural path into the bluegrass region, extending all the way to Lexington, Kentucky. Frontiersman Simon Kenton made the first settlement in the area in 1775, but temporarily abandoned that to fight in the western battles of the American Revolution. Returning in 1784, Kenton built a blockhouse at the site of Maysville and founded Kenton's Station (frontier fort) at a site 3 mi inland. Kenton met new settlers at Limestone, as the landing place was called, and escorted them inland to his station. In 1786 the village which grew up near Kenton's Station was established by act of the Virginia General Assembly as the town of Washington. By this time, John May had acquired the land at Limestone and Daniel Boone established a trading post and tavern there. In 1787 the little settlement was incorporated as Maysville, though the name "Limestone" persisted well into the 19th century.

Growth
In 1788, when Mason County was organized and Washington was named its county seat, Maysville was still a primitive site of warehouses and wharves, with few dwellings. In 1795, the conclusion of the Northwest Indian War reduced the likelihood of Indian attacks from across the Ohio. Maysville began to flourish. Zane's Trace, a road from Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia), to the bank of the Ohio River opposite Maysville, was completed in 1797 and stimulated ferry traffic across the river. By 1807, Maysville was one of two principal ports in Kentucky; it was still mostly a place through which goods and people passed, having only about sixty dwellings. In 1811, the first steamboat came down the Ohio from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, passing Maysville on its way to New Orleans. With the coming of the steamboat, Maysville's population and area expanded rapidly.

Maysville Road
Southwest from Maysville, the road followed the former buffalo trace and Native American trail to Lexington. It was called both the Maysville Road and the Limestone Road. It was maintained by the various counties through which it passed with local labor from the county levies. The road was rough and during certain seasons practically impassable.

In 1829, the Kentucky legislature authorized the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company to construct a modern roadway along the route of the old Limestone Road. Users would be charged fees for maintenance and paying off the debt to shareholders. The act set aside blocks of shares for purchase by the federal government. Henry Clay, an influential Kentucky politician and proponent of the American System, argued for the Maysville Road and other infrastructure, noting it would be part of a longer road terminating in New Orleans, Louisiana, and proper for federal funding.

In 1830, Congress passed a bill authorizing the federal government to purchase shares in the turnpike company. President Andrew Jackson, a bitter rival of Clay, vetoed the bill, arguing that the project was of purely local benefit. The Maysville Road veto was one of Jackson's first acts in aligning the federal government with his principles of Jacksonian democracy.

An attempt to override Jackson's veto failed, but the controversy over the Maysville Road veto continued for some time. The turnpike was completed in 1835 with funding from local entities and private investment. It was the first macadamized road in the state. Today it is U.S. Route 68.

County seat
By the 1830s, Maysville had a population of 3,000 and was the second-most important commercial city in Kentucky after Louisville. Washington, the county seat, had dwindled in importance after a fire in 1825 and a series of deadly cholera epidemics. A proposal to move the county government from Washington to Maysville was bitterly fought but passed by a slender margin in 1848. Maysville donated its city hall, completed in 1846, to the county for a court house. Today, much of Washington is designated as a historic district, the Washington Historic District; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1850, the Maysville & Lexington Railroad began operation, but it failed within the decade. Successor companies maintained the connection until 1921 when they were bought out by the L&N. Today, the Maysville & Lexington's former routes and rights-of-way are owned by CSX Transportation.

Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge
The Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge is a suspension bridge built in 1931 crossing the Ohio River and originally opened with a toll. Those tolls were removed in 1945 to much fanfare - including celebrations from the local Rotary and Lions club, and a parade in downtown Maysville. Its main span is 323 m long, and the total length of the bridge is 607 m. It connects Maysville with Aberdeen, Ohio. It is currently in use and is not slated for demolition, as the bridge was closed for refurbishment in 2001 after the William H. Harsha Bridge was completed.

The Simon Kenton Suspension Bridge opened to traffic at 10:30 AM on November 25, 1931, at a cost of $1.6 million (~$ in ). In 2002, a $5.8 million renovation job replaced the deck of the Ohio River crossing. A fresh coat of battleship gray paint was also applied.

Russell Theatre
The Russell Theatre, located on Third Street in Maysville, was the site of the world premiere of Rosemary Clooney's first film, The Stars Are Singing, in 1953. The Russell Theatre is an atmospheric theatre, and featured a large rainbow that would light up before and after the showing of each movie. The theatre is now undergoing the second phase of a restoration project that began in 2008. Organizers plan to revive the Russell as a movie and film venue, with emphasis on themed movie marathons, classics, documentaries, art films and other movies not available at mainstream cinemas.

Maysville Murals
In the summer of 1998, a series of historical murals was begun on the downtown floodwall. Over the next ten years, Robert Dafford and his team painted ten murals exploring the history of Maysville on various sections of the floodwall.
 * 17th century River Valley Hunting Grounds – A Native American bison hunt on the buffalo trace.
 * 18th century Limestone Landing – The initial settlement of European-Americans on the future site of Maysville, then known as Limestone Landing.
 * Marquis de Lafayette – The 1825 visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the city, where the city fathers had literally rolled out the red carpet.
 * 1850s Sutton's Landing – The antebellum-era Maysville riverfront, featuring iconic steam boats on the Ohio River.
 * Underground Railroad 1850s – The Underground Railroad route through the area before the American Civil War, with a view looking across the river to the John Rankin House in Ripley, Ohio.
 * 20th century Maysville Riverfront – The continuing evolution of the waterfront location as steamboats gave way to trains and barge traffic.
 * Market Street – A main street in early 20th century downtown, with a bandstand in the middle of the street.
 * Germantown Fair – Held since 1854, the fair featured a wooden grandstand and livestock shows.
 * Tobacco barn – A major part of the local agricultural economy, the mural depicts the life of the plant from the field to the harvest to storage in local barns.
 * Rosemary Clooney – The last mural, painted in September 2007, honors moments from the life of Rosemary Clooney. The mural highlights her lifelong friendship with Blanche Chambers, the 1953 premier of The Stars are Singing and her singing career. It was painted by Dafford, Herb Roe and Brett Chigoy. Her brother Nick Clooney spoke during the dedication for the mural, explaining various images to the crowd.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,323 people, 3,856 households, and 2,406 families residing in the city. The population density was 451.6 PD/sqmi. There were 4,416 housing units at an average density of 221.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.00% White, 11.54% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population. There were 3,856 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.85. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,813, and the median income for a family was $37,684. Males had a median income of $31,975 versus $20,775 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,836. About 14.4% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.1% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
Maysville is located on the Ohio River at the mouth of Limestone Creek. It occupies the narrow river plain and the steep hills rising from it, giving the city the prospect of an Italian hill town. The city now extends inland to the former town of Washington, which was annexed by Maysville in 1990. The city has a total area of 21.35 sqmi, of which 18.97 sqmi are land and 2.38 sqmi, or 11.13%, are water. Maysville is at Ohio River mile marker 408.7, and is 100 mi downriver from Huntington, West Virginia, and 62 mi upriver from Cincinnati, Ohio.

Climate
Maysville lies on the border of the Humid subtropical and the Hot Summer Continental climate zones. Maysville's average yearly precipitation is 46.02", falling primarily as rain or snow. Maysville's average yearly temperature is 54.4 °F, with the coolest lows averaging 22.2 °F in January, and highs averaging 87 °F in July.

Education
Mason County Schools operates public schools.

Schools:
 * Mason County High School
 * Mason County Middle School
 * Mason County Intermediate School
 * Straub Elementary School

Private:
 * Saint Patrick School (Private School)

In 1990 the Maysville Independent School District merged into the Mason County school district.

Maysville has a lending library, the Mason County Public Library.

Media
The Ledger Independent is the local newspaper and is published five days a week. WFTM-AM and WFTM-FM are the primary local radio stations in Maysville. The AM station is a CBS Sports Radio affiliate, and the FM plays adult contemporary music.

The annual Rosemary Clooney Music Festival was founded by the singer in 1999 to benefit the restoration of the Russell Theatre. Past performers at the festival include Debby Boone, Rita Coolidge, Michael Feinstein, Roberta Flack, Alison Krauss, The Pointer Sisters, Michael Bolton, and Linda Ronstadt.

Rail transportation
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Maysville with the thrice-weekly Cardinal.

Mass transit
Maysville City Transit provides fixed-route and demand-ride bus service throughout city of Maysville. The system is made up of a single fixed route that operates daily, running once an hour from 6:00 AM – 6:00 PM. The city has been running the system since 1960.

Highways
The following highways serve Maysville:

 * U.S. Route 68, which connects downtown Maysville with Aberdeen, Ohio, via the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge.
 * U.S. Route 62, which passes just west of Maysville and links Kentucky and Ohio via the William H. Harsha Bridge.

US 62 and 68 also provide Maysville with a direct route to Lexington and the Bluegrass Region of Central Kentucky.

Other highways serving Maysville are: Routes 9 and 10 run concurrently through the south edge of Maysville as the AA Highway. The AA Highway links the Kentucky suburbs of Cincinnati approximately 50 miles west of Maysville with Vanceburg, Ashland and Interstate 64 near Grayson to the southeast.
 * Kentucky Route 8, which follows the Ohio River west of Maysville to the greater Cincinnati area
 * Kentucky Route 9
 * Kentucky Route 10
 * Kentucky Route 11, a north–south highway that approaches Maysville from the south from Flemingsburg and Mt. Sterling.

The fact that highways numbered 8, 9, 10, and 11 serve Maysville makes the city one of the few towns located at the intersection of four consecutively numbered highways.

Notable people

 * Luther Atwood, chemist in the oil industry
 * Ted Berry, first African-American mayor of Cincinnati
 * Thornton Blackburn, former slave whose case in the Canadian Courts established the principle that Canada would not return slaves to their masters and thus was the safe terminus of the Underground Railroad
 * Nick Clooney, journalist and TV host (brother of Rosemary Clooney, father of George Clooney)
 * Rosemary Clooney, popular singer and actress
 * John J. Collins, Roman Catholic bishop
 * John S. Darrough, Civil War soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
 * Alexander Doniphan, general and attorney known for saving the life of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement
 * Edward Gallenstein, long-serving president of the National Wood Carvers Association
 * Alison Lundergan Grimes, Secretary of State of Kentucky
 * J. Fred Helf, composer
 * Heather French Henry, Miss America 2000
 * Francis T. Hord, Indiana Attorney General
 * Oscar B. Hord, Indiana Attorney General
 * Albert Sidney Johnston, Confederate general and leading general in the Texas War of Independence
 * Chris Lofton, professional and collegiate basketball player
 * Jerry Lundergan, member of the Kentucky House of Representatives, chairman of the Kentucky Democratic Party
 * Ed McClanahan, writer
 * George McCulloch, congressman from Pennsylvania
 * Darius Miller, professional basketball player, NCAA Div. 1 National Champion
 * William "Bull" Nelson, U.S. Army general
 * Josephine R. Nichols, lecturer, temperance reformer
 * Barbara Paul, novelist
 * Elijah Phister, congressman from Kentucky
 * Stanley Forman Reed, U.S. Supreme Court justice
 * Nelson Stacy, race car driver - ARCA Champion and multi NASCAR race winner
 * Mary Lee Tate, painter and teacher
 * Dave Tomlin, professional baseball player
 * William H. Wadsworth, congressman from Kentucky
 * Walter Warder, Illinois state legislator and lawyer
 * Augustus E. Willson, governor of Kentucky
 * Brigadier General Charles Young, U.S. Army officer, first African-American officer to become a colonel

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Maysville, Kentucky


text:
Sardis, Kentucky

Sardis is a home rule-class city in Mason and Robertson counties in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The population was 60 as of the 2020 census, down from 103 in 2010.

Geography
Sardis is located in southwestern Mason County and eastern Robertson County with the majority in Mason County. U.S. Route 62 passes through the center of town, leading northeast 17 mi to Maysville, the Mason County seat, and west 5 mi to Mount Olivet, the Robertson County seat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Sardis has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, of which 0.001 sqmi, or 0.1%, are water. Sardis sits on a ridge which drains north to Smith Branch and Shannon Creek, a tributary of the North Fork of the Licking River; and south to Five Lick Creek, a tributary via Johnson Creek of the main stem of the Licking River, which flows northwest to the Ohio River at Covington.

The Mason County portion of Sardis is part of the Maysville micropolitan area.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 149 people, 58 households, and 36 families residing in the city. The population density was 305.1 PD/sqmi. There were 64 housing units at an average density of 131.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.33% White, and 0.67% from two or more races.

There were 58 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.9% were married couples living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $14,886, and the median income for a family was $27,917. Males had a median income of $22,188 versus $14,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,881. There were 14.3% of families and 31.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 40.0% of under eighteens and 36.0% of those over 64.

title: Sardis, Kentucky


text:
Hendron, Kentucky

Hendron is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 4,774 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Hendron was named for the local Hendron family.

Geography
Hendron is located at 37.03778°N, -88.645°W (37.037800, -88.644889) and borders the southern edge of the city of Paducah. The original community of Hendron is in the northeast part of the CDP at Old Mayfield Road, north of where it crosses Interstate 24. The Hendron CDP extends west as far as U.S. Route 45 and south as far as Yopp Lane, between South Friendship Road and Old Highway 45.

Hendron is bordered to the west by the CDP of Massac, and the unincorporated community of Lone Oak along US 45 is split between the two CDPs.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Hendron CDP has a total area of 5.37 sqmi, of which 0.02 sqmi, or 0.41%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,239 people, 1,832 households, and 1,278 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 816.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,932 housing units at an average density of 372.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.59% White, 2.24% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.42% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.25% of the population.

There were 1,832 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,858, and the median income for a family was $49,401. Males had a median income of $45,870 versus $24,884 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,984. About 3.8% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
McCracken County Public Schools (MCPS), the school district that serves all areas in McCracken County except for the City of Paducah, has its headquarters in Hendron.

title: Hendron, Kentucky


text:
Lone Oak, Kentucky

Lone Oak is an unincorporated community and former city in McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 454 at the 2000 census, the last before its disincorporation. It is a part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The area was named "Pepper's Mill" in 1875 after Dr. W.T. Pepper, an early resident of the area, who constructed a gristmill near the intersection of Lovelaceville Road and what is now US Highway 45. After "Pepper's Mill" was declined as a post office name in 1900, the name "Lone Oak" was chosen due to the large oak tree that stood at the intersection. The tree was cut down for a Christmas bonfire in 1903. A historical marker now sits on the site where the tree once stood. On November 4, 2008, the citizens of Lone Oak voted 75–64 to dissolve the city. The area is still referred to as the community of Lone Oak, but all government jobs, including the mayor, city council, and police, were eliminated when the city was dissolved. The measure went into effect 30 days after the date of the vote.

Geography
Lone Oak is located at 37.03611°N, -88.66611°W (37.036165, -88.666131). The area of the former city is split between the census-designated places of Hendron to the east and Massac to the west, with U.S. Route 45 (Lone Oak Road) serving as the boundary. The Paducah city limits touch what had been the northeast corner of Lone Oak. Downtown Paducah is 5 mi to the northeast and Mayfield is 21 mi to the south via US 45.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Lone Oak had a total area of 0.2 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 454 people, 220 households, and 128 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,782.2 PD/sqmi. There were 250 housing units at an average density of 981.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 93.83% White, 1.76% African American, 0.22% Asian, 2.64% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 4.19% of the population.

There were 220 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 38.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.68.

The age distribution was 17.4% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $35,938. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $19,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,512. About 10.6% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lone Oak, Kentucky


text:
Massac, Kentucky

Massac is a census-designated place (CDP) in McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 4,635 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Massac is located at 37.03°N, -88.68139°W (37.030066, -88.681369) and borders the southwest side of Paducah. U.S. Route 62 (Blandville Road) serves as the border between Massac and Paducah. U.S. Route 45 (Lone Oak Road) forms the eastern edge of the Massac CDP, with the CDP of Hendron to the east. The unincorporated community of Lone Oak, centered on US 45, is split between the two CDPs.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Massac CDP has a total area of 4.07 sqmi, of which 0.03 sqmi, or 0.64%, are water. The CDP's western boundary follows Massac Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the Ohio River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,888 people, 1,610 households, and 1,189 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,005.7/sq mi (387.9/km2). There were 1,693 housing units at an average density of 437.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.80% White, 2.70% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of the population.

There were 1,610 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $46,201, and the median income for a family was $61,105. Males had a median income of $39,413 versus $25,240 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,519. About 7.2% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Massac, Kentucky


text:
Paducah, Kentucky

Paducah is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The largest city in the Jackson Purchase region, it is located in the Southeastern United States at the confluence of the Tennessee and the Ohio rivers, halfway between St. Louis, Missouri, to the northwest and Nashville, Tennessee, to the southeast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,137, up from 25,024 in 2010. Twenty blocks of the city's downtown have been designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Paducah is the principal city of the Paducah metropolitan area, which includes McCracken, Ballard, Carlisle and Livingston counties in Kentucky and Massac County in Illinois. The total population of the metro area was 103,481 in 2020. The Paducah–Mayfield combined statistical area had a total population of 140,138.

Early history

Paducah was first settled as "Pekin" around 1821 by European Americans James and William Pore. The town was laid out by explorer and surveyor William Clark in 1827 and renamed Paducah.

Although local lore long connected this name to an eponymous Chickasaw chief "Paduke" and his band of "Paducahs", authorities on the Chickasaw have since said that there was never any chief or tribe of that name, or anything like it. The Chickasaw language does not have related words. Instead, historians believe that Clark named the town for the Comanche people of the western plains. They were known by regional settlers as the Padoucas, from a Spanish transliteration of the Kaw word Pádoka or the Omaha Pádoⁿka.

Incorporation, steamboats and railroads

Paducah was formally established as a town in 1830 and incorporated as a city by the state legislature in 1838. The city charter was drafted by Quintus Quincy Quigley and H. Clay King in 1856.

By this time, steam boats traversed the river system, and its port facilities were important to trade and transportation. In addition, developing railroads began to enter the region. A factory for making red bricks, and a foundry for making rail and locomotive components became the nucleus of a thriving "River and Rail" economy. Paducah became the site of dry dock facilities for steamboats and towboats, and thus headquarters for many barge companies. Because of its proximity to coalfields further to the east in Kentucky and north in Illinois, Paducah also became an important railway hub for the Illinois Central Railroad. This was the primary north–south railway connecting the industrial cities of Chicago and East St. Louis to the Gulf of Mexico at Gulfport, Mississippi, and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Illinois Central system also provided east–west links to the Burlington Northern and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railways (which later merged to become the BNSF Railway).

In 1924 the Illinois Central Railroad began construction at Paducah of their largest locomotive workshop in the nation. Over a period of 190 days, a large ravine between Washington and Jones streets was filled with 44,560 carloads of dirt to enlarge the site, sufficient for the construction of 23 buildings. The eleven million dollar project was completed in 1927 as the fourth-largest industrial plant in Kentucky. The railroad became the largest employer in Paducah, having 1,075 employees in 1938.

As steam locomotives were replaced through the 1940s and 1950s, the Paducah shops were converted to maintain diesel locomotives. A nationally known rebuilding program for aging diesel locomotives from Illinois Central and other railroads began in 1967. The shops became part of the Paducah and Louisville Railway in 1986. In the early 21st century, they are operated by VMV Paducahbilt.

Civil War
At the outset of the Civil War, Kentucky attempted to take a neutral position. However, when a Confederate force occupied Columbus, a Union force under General Ulysses S. Grant responded by occupying Paducah. Throughout most of the war, Col. Stephen G. Hicks was in charge of Paducah, and the town served as a massive supply depot for Federal forces along the Ohio, Mississippi, and Tennessee river systems.

On December 17, 1862, under the terms of General Order No. 11, US forces required 30 Jewish families to leave their long-established homes. Grant was trying to break up a black market in cotton, in which he assumed Jewish traders were involved due to racial stereotyping associated with anti-Semitic tropes. Cesar Kaskel, a prominent local Jewish businessman, dispatched a telegram of complaint to President Lincoln and met with him. As there were similar actions taken by other Jewish businessmen and loud complaints by Congress about the treatment of their constituents, Lincoln ordered the policy to be revoked within a few weeks.

On March 25, 1864, Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest raided Paducah as part of his campaign northward from Mississippi into Western Tennessee and Kentucky. He intended to re-supply the Confederate forces in the region with recruits, ammunition, medical supplies, horses and mules, and especially to disrupt the Union domination of the regions south of the Ohio River. Known as the Battle of Paducah, the raid was successful in terms of the re-supply effort and in intimidating the Union, but Forrest returned south. According to his report, "I drove the enemy to their gunboats and fort; and held the city for ten hours, captured many stores and horses; burned sixty bales of cotton, one steamer, and a drydock, bringing out fifty prisoners." Much of the fighting took place around Fort Anderson on the city's west side, in the present-day Lower Town neighborhood; most buildings in the neighborhood postdate the war, as most of the neighborhood was demolished soon after the battle to deny any future raids the advantage of surprise that they had enjoyed during the battle. Among the few houses that were not destroyed is the David Yeiser House, a single-story Greek Revival structure.

Later having read in the newspapers that 140 fine horses had escaped the raid, Forrest sent Brigadier General Abraham Buford back to Paducah, to get the horses and to keep Union forces busy there while he attacked Fort Pillow in Tennessee. His forces were charged with a massacre of United States Colored Troops among the Union forces whom they defeated at the fort. On April 14, 1864, Buford's men found the horses hidden in a Paducah foundry, as reported by the newspapers. Buford rejoined Forrest with the spoils, leaving the Union in control of Paducah until the end of the War.

1937 flood

In a far-reaching flood, on January 21, 1937, the Ohio River at Paducah rose above its 50 ft flood stage, cresting at 60.8 ft on February 2 and receding again to 50 feet on February 15. For nearly three weeks, 27,000 residents were forced to flee or to stay with friends and relatives on higher ground in McCracken or other counties. The American Red Cross and local churches provided some shelters. Buildings in downtown Paducah still bear historic plaques that define the high water marks.

Driven by 18 in of rainfall in 16 days, along with sheets of swiftly moving ice, the Ohio River flood of 1937 was the worst natural disaster in Paducah's history and elsewhere in the Ohio Valley. The earthen levee was ineffective against this flood. As a result, Congress authorized the United States Army Corps of Engineers to build the flood wall that now protects the city.

Atomic City
In 1950, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission selected Paducah as the site for a new uranium enrichment plant. Construction began in 1951 and the plant opened for operations in 1952. Originally operated by Union Carbide, the plant has changed hands several times. Martin Marietta, its successor company Lockheed-Martin, and now the United States Enrichment Corporation have operated the plant in turn. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), successor to the AEC, remains the owner. The plant was closed in June 2013

, and the Department of Energy began the process of decontaminating and shutting down the facilities.

Quilt City
On April 25, 1991, the National Quilt Museum opened in downtown Paducah. Paducah has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the category of craft and folk art since November 2013. The national quilt show takes place yearly at the Schroeder Expo Center. The American Quilter's Society hosts a week of quilt shows with quilt classes, fabric shops and a variety of vendors. They host a variety of award-winning quilts from across the country. The show features exhibits that include hand pieced and appliqued quilts, Kentucky heritage quilts, and Paducah contest quilts.

The Heath shooting
On December 1, 1997, 14-year-old Michael Carneal brought five loaded guns to Heath High School and shot a group of fellow students in the school's lobby as they were leaving a prayer group before school. Three students, all girls, were killed and five others were wounded; one of the wounded was left a paraplegic. Carneal subsequently received a sentence of life with the possibility of parole after 25 years. In 2022, the Kentucky Parole Board denied his bid for parole.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.0 sqmi, of which 19.9 sqmi is land and 0.10 sqmi, comprising 0.52%, is water.

Climate
Paducah has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with four distinct seasons and is located in USDA hardiness zone 7a. Spring-like conditions typically begin in mid-to-late March, summer from mid-to-late-May to late September, with fall in the October–November period. Seasonal extremes in both temperature and precipitation are common during early spring and late fall; severe weather is also common, with occasional tornado outbreaks in the region. Winter typically brings a mix of rain, sleet, and snow, with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. The city has a normal January mean temperature of 34.6 °F and averages 13 days annually with temperatures staying at or below freezing; the first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 25 and April 8, respectively. Summer is typically hazy, hot, and humid with a July daily average of 78.9 °F and drought conditions at times. Paducah averages 48 days a year with high temperatures at or above 90 °F. Snowfall averages 8.9 in per season, contributing to the average annual precipitation of 50.32 in. Extremes in temperature range from 108 °F on July 17, 1942, and June 29, 2012, down to −15 °F on January 20, 1985. Paducah is prone to river flooding from the Ohio River, and as of late February 2018, the river had been expected to crest at 49 feet on February 28.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 27,137 people, 11,330 households, and 5,561 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 25,024 people, 11,462 households, and 6,071 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,251.0 PD/sqmi. There were 12,851 housing units at an average density of 642.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 70.99% White, 23.67% African American, 0.22% Native American, 1.02% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.07% from other races, and 3.01% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2.68% of the population.

There were 11,462 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.0% were non-families. 41.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.8% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,220, and the median income for a family was $42,645. Males had a median income of $36,778 versus $27,597 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,430. About 18.1% of families and 22.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.3% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 26,307 people, 11,825 households, and 6,645 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,350.2 PD/sqmi. There were 13,221 housing units at an average density of 678.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 72.78% White, 24.15% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.38% of the population.

There were 11,825 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,137, and the median income for a family was $34,092. Males had a median income of $32,783 versus $21,901 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,417. About 18.0% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.8% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Dippin' Dots, the Paducah & Louisville Railway and several barge companies have their headquarters in Paducah.

The river continues to be a prominent source of industry for Paducah. Twenty-three barge companies have their operating or corporate headquarters in Paducah. In 2017, the city of Paducah opened a 340-foot transient boat dock that provides space for transient boaters to tie up for a few hours or several nights, increasing tourism in the city. Amenities include fuel (diesel and marine grade gasoline), water, power pedestals, and a sewer pumpout station (seasonal for water and sewer amenities).

Just outside the Paducah city limits sits one of the United States' few sites serviced by three railways, an interstate, and a major inland waterway. The site is known as the "Triple Rail Site." This site has 600+ acres (expandable to 1,000 acres) with triple rail service allowing access North, South, East, and West from a single location. It is served by Paducah & Louisville Railway (P&L), CN, and BNSF. The site has river access at the confluence of the Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumberland Rivers, just miles from the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway and Mississippi River. The site is zoned for heavy manufacturing. The City of Paducah and its partners are seeking economic development of the site.

A federal National Weather Service Forecast Office is based in Paducah, providing weather information to western Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, and southwestern Indiana.

Top employers
According to Paducah's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were entities in healthcare and education services:

Source:

Several employers in McCracken County call Paducah home, although their facilities are located outside the city limits. Paducah and McCracken County jointly operate Greater Paducah Economic Development ("GPED"). GPED lists the top employers in McCracken County, several of which include employers within the City of Paducah limits, and is more reflective of the true top employer situation as perceived by citizens of Paducah, as:

Murals
In 1996, the Paducah Wall to Wall mural program was begun by the Louisiana mural artist Robert Dafford and his team on the floodwall in downtown Paducah. They have painted more than 50 murals addressing numerous subjects, including Native American history, industries such as river barges and hospitals, local African-American heritage, the historic Carnegie Library on Broadway Street, steamboats, and local labor unions.

In May 2003, photographer Jim Roshan documented the painting of the Lewis and Clark Expedition mural during the America 24/7 project. One of the images was used in the book Kentucky24/7, published in 2004.

By 2008 the mural project was completed and being maintained. Muralist Herb Roe returned to the city each year to repaint and refurbish the panels. Roe is the only muralist associated with the project to have worked on all of the panels. Roe added a new mural to the project in the summer of 2010. It shows the 100-year history of the local Boy Scout troop, Troop 1. Troop 1 is one of only a handful of troops who share their centennial with that of the national scouting organization itself. The dedication for the mural was held on National Scout Sunday, February 6, 2011.

In 2017, artist Char Downs debuted the newest addition to the Wall to Wall mural program: a series of murals of award-winning quilts on the floodwall facing Park Street. Downs invested nearly 500 hours recreating Caryl Bryer Fallert-Gentry's historic award-winning quilt Corona II: Solar Eclipse—the first quilt in the series—in her studio in Paducah's Lower Town Arts District.

The Paducah Art Alliance has a program of Artist in Residencies to bring respected artists in to the city. In 2018 British Artist Ian Berry came and put on an exhibition to great acclaim. Ian is famed around the world with his art in denim, and fitted in with the textile art that Paducah is known for.

Lower Town Artist Relocation Program
In August 2000, Paducah's Artist Relocation Program was started to offer incentives for artists to relocate to its historic downtown and Lower Town areas. The program has become a national model for using the arts for economic development. It has received the Governors Award in the Arts, the Distinguished Planning Award from the Kentucky Chapter of the American Planning Association, the American Planning Association's National Planning Award, and most recently, the Kentucky League of Cities' Enterprise Cities Award.

Lower Town, home of the Artist Relocation Program, is the oldest neighborhood in Paducah. As retail commerce moved toward the outskirts of the city, efforts were made to preserve the architectural character, and historic Victorian structures were restored in the older parts of the city. The artists' housing program contributed to that effort and became a catalyst for revitalizing the downtown area. The Luther F. Carson Center for the Performing Arts was completed in downtown Paducah in 2004.

UNESCO Creative City
On November 21, 2013, Paducah was designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a Creative City of Crafts and Folk Art. Arts and cultural initiatives have included the Lower Town Artist Relocation program, the National Quilt Museum, Paducah "Wall to Wall" floodwall murals, and the Paducah School of Art and Design. Participation in the program has been criticized by local business owners and by Paducah's economic development council due to the financial cost to the city, and because the "UNESCO Creative Cities Network only benefits a small portion of Paducah's economy".

Music
The Luther F. Carson Center for the Performing Arts was completed in downtown Paducah in 2004. From Crosby, Stills & Nash to Garrison Keillor, Shanghai Circus to STOMP, the Carson Center hosts touring Broadway productions, well-known entertainers, dramas, dance and popular faith-based and family series.

In September 2004, plans came together to highlight Paducah's musical roots through the redevelopment of the southern side of downtown. The centerpiece of the effort is the renovation of Maggie Steed's Hotel Metropolitan.[28] Prominent African-American musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Chick Webb's orchestra, B.B. King, Bobby "Blue" Bland, Ike and Tina Turner and other R & B and blues legends have performed here as part of what has become known as the "Chitlin' Circuit". Supporters want to promote Paducah's role in the history of American music.

Paducah is the birthplace and residence of musicians in various genres. Rockabilly Hall of Fame artists Ray Smith, whose recording of "Rockin' Little Angel" was a hit in 1960, and Stanley Walker, who played guitar for Ray Smith and others, grew up in Paducah. Terry Mike Jeffrey, an Emmy-nominated songwriter, is a resident of Paducah. Nashville, TN based composer/violinist, Mark Evitts, is also from Paducah. The most prominent mainstream artist is Steven Curtis Chapman, the top-selling Christian artist of all time.

Paducah is one of only two cities named in the world-famous song "Hooray for Hollywood", which is used as the opening number for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Awards (the Oscars). The 1937 song, with music by Richard Whiting and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, contains in the second verse: "Hooray for Hollywood! That phony, super Coney, Hollywood. They come from Chilicothes and Padukahs..."

Both cities were misspelled in the original published lyrics, though that may have been the fault of the publishers rather than Mercer. He was noted for his sophistication and the attention to detail he put into his lyrics. The correct spellings are "Chillicothe" and "Paducah".

Sports
Paducah was home to professional baseball's minor league Class D Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League (or KITTY League) Paducah Paddys (1903), Paducah Indians (1904–06, 1910, 1914, 1922–23, 1936–41), Paducah Polecats (1911), Paducah Chiefs (1912–13, 1951–55), and Paducah Redbirds (1935). The Chiefs competed in the Mississippi-Ohio Valley League from 1949 to 1950.

The Chiefs played in J. Polk Brooks Stadium from its opening in 1948 until the KITTY League folded after the 1955 season. Since then, the ballpark has served as the home venue for Paducah Tilghman High School and American Legion Post 31 baseball teams, as well as various special baseball games and tournaments. In recent years, Brooks Stadium hosted the Ohio Valley Conference baseball tournament (2001–2009) and the National Club Baseball Association World Series (2015 and 2016). Brooks Stadium currently is the home field for the Paducah Chiefs of the Ohio Valley Summer Collegiate Baseball League.

In 1969, the Paducah Community College Indians won the National Junior College men's basketball championship.

The Paducah International Raceway is a 3/8-mile motorsport racetrack built in 1972.

Government
Paducah operates under a council–manager form of city government. The Paducah Board of Commissioners is made up of the mayor and four commissioners elected at-large by the citizens on a non-partisan basis. The mayor is elected for a four-year term and commissioners each for a two-year term. The mayor and council select and appoint a city manager to operate the city.

Education
Paducah Public Schools operates public schools serving most of the City of Paducah. Three K-5 elementary schools, Clark Elementary School, McNabb Elementary School and Morgan Elementary School, serve the city. All district residents are zoned to Paducah Middle School and Paducah Tilghman High School.

Parts of the city and surrounding county are instead served by the McCracken County Public Schools. Concord Elementary School and Reidland Elementary/Intermediate serve students through the 5th grade; Lone Oak Elementary School and Hendron–Lone Oak Elementary School end at the third grade, with 4th and 5th grade students in those schools' attendance zones attending Lone Oak Intermediate School. Middle school students in those areas may be zoned into Heath, Lone Oak, or Reidland Middle School. The county district began operating a single, consolidated McCracken County High School on August 9, 2013. The Paducah city district did not participate in this consolidation and Paducah Tilghman High School remains separate.

Paducah is also home to two private school systems, St. Mary High School and Community Christian Academy.

Higher education
West Kentucky Community and Technical College (WKCTC) is a member of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System and is a public, two-year, degree-granting institution serving the Western Region of Kentucky. There are approximately 6,200 students enrolled at the college. WKCTC was rated as one of the top 10 community colleges in the United States by the Aspen Institute for 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017.

There is a Paducah campus of the University of Kentucky College of Engineering located on the WKCTC campus.

There is also a Paducah campus of Murray State University, which offers approximately 20 bachelor's and master's degree programs. It has a 43000 sqft facility located on a 23 acre campus adjacent to WKCTC that was opened in 2014.

Public library
Paducah has a lending library, the McCracken County Public Library.

Broadcast
Paducah is one of three control cities of the Paducah-Cape Girardeau-Harrisburg media market, and is served by all the major network affiliates in the market. Locally, television stations in Paducah include NBC affiliate WPSD-TV, MyNetworkTV affiliate WDKA (a sister station to Cape Girardeau-based Fox affiliate KBSI), and Kentucky Educational Television satellite station WKPD. Paducah was also previously home to WQWQ-LD, which served as the area's affiliate of The CW. That station now operates from Cape Girardeau as the market's Telemundo affiliate, but still nominally licensed in Paducah.

Six radio stations are located in Paducah; half of the stations are owned by Bristol Broadcasting Company.

Print
The main print outlet is the regional daily newspaper The Paducah Sun, owned by Paxton Media Group, which owns WPSD. The weekly newspapers, the West Kentucky News and The Good Neighbor, enjoy significant readership.

The bi-monthly magazine Paducah Life debuted in 1994 and continues publication today. The magazine features articles about life and residents in and around Paducah. Purchase Area Family Magazine, a monthly publication distributed throughout Western Kentucky and Metropolis, Illinois, debuted in 2003. The magazine features a comprehensive calendar of events for the Purchase Area as well as unique articles about events, organizations and activities for families in the region.

Port Authority

 * The Paducah-McCracken County Riverport Authority was established in 1964 by the legislative bodies of the County of McCracken and the City of Paducah under an equal ownership agreement. The Riverport Authority is a quasi-government agency that provides essential maritime services for the rural regions of Western Kentucky, Southern Illinois, Southeast Missouri, and Northwestern Tennessee. The agency specializes in bulk, agricultural, general, and containerized cargoes, and operates Foreign Trade Zone No. 294.  It is the only United States Maritime Administration Marine Highway Designation on the Ohio River and the only Marine Highway port on the river that is designated for container on barge service.  The authority owns the largest flat-top crane in North America.

Air service

 * Pictograms-nps-airport.svg Barkley Regional Airport (PAH) serves the area offering regional jet service to Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT). CLT is ranked among the world's top 10 busiest airports, offering nonstop service to 178 destinations, including 36 international. Barkley Regional Airport is served by one airline, Contour Airlines. Barkley Regional Airport is concluding a multi-million dollar construction/relocation of its terminal.

Transit
The Paducah Area Transit System (PATS) provides fixed-route transit and paratransit service in and around the city.. Fixed-route services operate from Monday through Saturday from 7 AM to 7 PM on four routes.

Roadways

 * I-24.svg Interstate 24 is a four-lane freeway that routes west to St. Louis and east to Nashville. The highway has a business loop that runs through downtown Paducah.
 * I-69 (Future).svg Interstate 69 is planned to follow the route of the existing Purchase Parkway to the south and east of Paducah. When completed, it would connect north to Indianapolis and south to Memphis.
 * US 60.svg US 60 is a major east–west highway that runs through the Paducah business district.
 * US 45.svg US 45 enters the city from the north via the Irvin S. Cobb Bridge from Brookport, Illinois, and runs south down to Mayfield.
 * US 62.svg US 62 connects to Cairo, Illinois, to the west and Calvert City to the east.
 * US 68.svg US 68 connects the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, Hopkinsville and Bowling Green to the east-southeast.

Notable people

 * Michael Adams, Kentucky Secretary of State
 * Charles "Speedy" Atkins, an African-American pauper whose body was mummified and occasionally put on display at funeral home until finally being buried 66 years later in 1994
 * Alben W. Barkley, 35th Vice President of the United States (during the presidency of Harry Truman)
 * Isaac Wolfe Bernheim, distiller and philanthropist, founder of I. W. Harper brand of bourbon whiskey and Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest
 * Sara Bradley, chef
 * Susan Bradley-Cox, USA Triathlete, named USA Triathlon Grand Masters Athlete of the Year in 1997 and 1998 and was selected as Masters Triathlete of the Year by Triathlete magazine in 1997
 * Fred Burch, professional songwriter, P.T. 109, Tragedy, and many others
 * William O. Burch, a decorated naval aviator and triple Navy Cross recipient during who reached the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
 * Julian Carroll, former Governor of Kentucky, member of Kentucky House of Representatives and Kentucky Senate
 * Sam Champion, television weatherman and managing editor of The Weather Channel
 * Steven Curtis Chapman, Christian music singer-songwriter, record producer, actor, author, and social activist
 * Joseph "'Jumpin' Joe" Clifton, Navy officer who served in World War II and rose to rank of Rear Admiral
 * Irvin S. Cobb, author, screenwriter and humorist, anti-Prohibition campaigner
 * Russ Cochran, professional golfer on Champions Tour, previously on PGA Tour and Nationwide Tour
 * Jerry Crutchfield, country and pop music producer and songwriter
 * Vic Dana, Billboard Top 100 hit recording artist and professional dancer. Popular hits include "Red Roses for a Blue Lady", "Little Altar Boy", "I Will", "More", "Shangri-La", "I Love You Drops", and "If I Never Knew Your Name."
 * Pierre DuMaine, Roman Catholic bishop
 * Edwin E. Ellis, U.S. Navy photographer who visually documented Antarctica, inventor, businessman
 * Mark Evitts, composer, string-arranger, producer and multi-instrumentalist
 * Steve Finley, former baseball player, two-time All-Star, World Series champion, and five-time Gold Glove Award winner
 * Josh Forrest, former linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams
 * Clarence "Big House" Gaines, Hall of Fame basketball coach, with a 47-year coaching career at Winston-Salem State University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 * J. D. Grey, Southern Baptist clergyman influential in Southern Baptist Convention
 * Robert H. Grubbs, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for work on the organic reaction Olefin Metathesis
 * Eddie Haas, Major League Baseball outfielder, coach, manager and scout
 * Molly Harper, author of multiple contemporary and paranormal romance novels, including the Nice Girls vampire series and the Southern Eclectic series
 * Tim Jaeger, artist
 * Robert Karnes, actor, starred in television series The Lawless Years
 * Callie Khouri, screenwriter, producer and director, won an Academy Award for Best Screenplay for Thelma and Louise
 * Brent Leggs, African American historical preservationist, founding director of the African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund (part of the National Trust for Historic Preservation)
 * Kelley Lovelace, country music songwriter known primarily for his work with country music artist Brad Paisley
 * Fate Marable, jazz pianist, bandleader, and player of a steam calliope
 * Jeffrey L. McWaters, CEO/founder of Amerigroup Corp., Virginia state senator
 * Matty Matlock, Dixieland clarinetist, saxophonist, and arranger, replaced Benny Goodman in the Ben Pollack band doing arrangements and performing on clarinet
 * Kenny Perry, golfer on PGA Tour and Champions Tour
 * Boots Randolph, saxophonist who was a major part of the "Nashville Sound" for most of his professional career, best known for his hit "Yakety Sax", which became Benny Hill's signature tune
 * Trevor "Ricochet" Mann, professional wrestler in the WWE's RAW brand
 * Adelaide Day Rollston, poet and author
 * Gene Roof, former Major League Baseball outfielder and coach
 * Phil Roof, former Major League Baseball catcher for Kansas City/Oakland Athletics and Minnesota Twins, bullpen coach for several MLB teams, and minor league team manager
 * Jeri Ryan, actress known for work on the television series Star Trek: Voyager and Boston Public; winner of 1989 Miss Illinois pageant
 * John Scopes, teacher accused for teaching the theory of evolution in the Scopes Trial
 * Terry Shumpert, Major League Baseball utility player for the Kansas City Royals
 * Roy Skinner, former Vanderbilt basketball coach
 * Ray Smith, rockabilly musician
 * Josh Stewart, Major League Baseball pitcher for Chicago White Sox and in Japan for the Orix Buffaloes
 * Larry Stewart, lead singer of country pop band Restless Heart
 * Patsy Terrell, former Kansas state representative
 * Lloyd Tilghman, Confederate general who commanded a brigade in the Vicksburg Campaign and was killed at the Battle of Champion Hill
 * Emma Talley, LPGA golfer, 2013 U.S. Women's Amateur champion, 2015 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship champion
 * Paul Twitchell, founder of religious movement known as Eckankar
 * Marcy Walker (also known as Marcy Smith), minister and former actress known for television appearances on daytime soap operas
 * Robert McDaniel Webb (known as Danny), former MLB pitcher with the Chicago White Sox
 * J.D. Wilkes, visual artist, musician, author, and amateur filmmaker
 * Rumer Willis, actress and daughter of Bruce Willis and Demi Moore, born in Paducah while her parents were visiting for filming of In Country
 * George Wilson, former football safety for NFL's Tennessee Titans

title: Paducah, Kentucky


text:
Reidland, Kentucky

Reidland is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 4,526 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Reidland is located in southeastern McCracken County at 37.01139°N, -88.52167°W. It is partially bordered to the north by the Tennessee River and partially to the south by Interstate 24. The city of Paducah is 6 mi to the northwest.

U.S. Route 62 passes through the northern part of Reidland, leading northwest to Paducah and east 10 mi to Calvert City. U.S. Route 68 has its western terminus in Reidland at US 62, and leads east-southeast 71 mi to Hopkinsville. U.S. Route 60 meets US 62 along the northern edge of Reidland; US 60 leads northwest to Paducah and northeast across the Tennessee River 4 mi to Ledbetter and 12 mi to Smithland.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Reidland CDP has a total area of 4.87 sqmi, of which 4.79 sqmi are land and 0.08 sqmi, or 1.56%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,353 people, 1,793 households, and 1,368 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 907.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,937 housing units at an average density of 403.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.98% White, 0.30% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 1,793 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $48,341, and the median income for a family was $54,622. Males had a median income of $45,459 versus $21,915 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,120. About 2.9% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Distinction
In the March 2015 edition of Business Insider, Reidland was mentioned as the Most Affordable Small Town in Kentucky.

title: Reidland, Kentucky


text:
Woodlawn-Oakdale, Kentucky

Farley (formerly Woodlawn-Oakdale) is a census-designated place (CDP) in McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 4,701 at the 2010 census, a decline from 4,937 in 2000. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Farley (Woodlawn-Oakdale) is located at 37.04389°N, -88.57111°W (37.043786, -88.571223).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.9 sqmi, of which 5.9 sqmi is land and 0.17% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,937 people, 2,049 households, and 1,407 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 831.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,243 housing units at an average density of 377.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.55% White, 2.51% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 2,049 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,313, and the median income for a family was $31,658. Males had a median income of $28,789 versus $17,316 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,344. About 17.6% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.8% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Woodlawn-Oakdale, Kentucky


text:
Pine Knot, Kentucky

Pine Knot is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McCreary County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 1,380 at the 2020 census, down from 1,621 in 2010.

Geography
Pine Knot is located in southern McCreary County. It is bordered to the north by Stearns and to the south by Strunk.

U.S. Route 27 passes through Pine Knot east of the original center of town. The highway leads north 5 mi to Whitley City, the McCreary county seat, and 35 mi to Somerset, while to the south it leads 12 mi to Oneida, Tennessee. Kentucky Route 92 intersects US 27 in Pine Knot, leading east 19 mi to Williamsburg. KY 92 turns north with US 27 as far as Stearns.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Pine Knot CDP has a total area of 6.47 sqmi, of which 0.06 sqmi, or 0.96%, are water. The community sits on a ridge which drains west to the Smith Fork, north to Laurel Creek, and east to Perkins Creek. Laurel Creek and Perkins Creek are tributaries of Marsh Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the Cumberland River, while the Smith Fork is a tributary of Roaring Paunch Creek, which flows to the South Fork of the Cumberland River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,680 people, 584 households, and 390 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 263.2 PD/sqmi. There were 653 housing units at an average density of 102.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.95% White, 5.71% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 1.37% from other races, and 1.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.32% of the population.

There were 584 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 14.8% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $13,777, and the median income for a family was $20,313. Males had a median income of $19,539 versus $12,092 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,715. About 31.2% of families and 38.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.6% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The Federal Bureau of Prisons United States Penitentiary, McCreary, is in McCreary County, 3 mi east of Pine Knot.

Transportation
McCreary County Airport is located in the county, 3 mi northeast of Pine Knot.

title: Pine Knot, Kentucky


text:
Stearns, Kentucky

Stearns is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McCreary County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 1,365 at the 2020 census. It was founded by Justus Smith Stearns.

Geography
Stearns is located in south-central McCreary County. It is bordered to the north by Whitley City, the county seat, and to the south by Pine Knot. The unincorporated community of Revelo is partly within the Stearns CDP, along its southern border.

U.S. Route 27 runs along the eastern edge of Stearns, leading north through Whitley City 31 mi to Somerset and south 16 mi to Oneida, Tennessee. Kentucky Route 92 passes through the center of Stearns and leads west 29 mi to Monticello. Eastbound KY 92 joins US 27 south to Pine Knot, then turns east to lead to Williamsburg.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Stearns CDP has a total area of 4.05 sqmi, of which 0.03 sqmi, or 0.84%, are water. The community is drained to the west by tributaries of Roaring Paunch Creek, which continues west to the South Fork of the Cumberland River, while the east side of the community is drained by tributaries of Marsh Creek, which flows north to the main stem of the Cumberland River.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Stearns has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Stearns was 108 F on July 12, 1936, while the coldest temperature recorded was -24 F on January 21, 1985.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,586 people, 641 households and 464 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 396.7 PD/sqmi. There were 707 housing units at an average density of 176.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.36% White, 0.95% Native American, 0.06% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.38% of the population.

There were 641 households, of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.92.

Age distribution was 24.0% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.

The median household income was $20,833, and the median family income was $26,667. Males had a median income of $21,546 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,037. About 14.1% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 30.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Stearns is home to McCreary Central High School and McCreary Middle School.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Stearns has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Stearns, Kentucky


text:
Whitley City, Kentucky

Whitley City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McCreary County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 968 at the 2020 census, down from 1,170 in 2010. It is the county seat of McCreary County. Whitley City is one of two unincorporated county seats in Kentucky (the other being Burlington in Boone County).

Geography
Whitley City is located in central McCreary County. It is bordered to the south by the community of Stearns. U.S. Route 27 passes through the east side of Whitley City, leading north 30 mi to Somerset and south 18 mi to Oneida, Tennessee.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Whitley City CDP has a total area of 2.32 sqmi, of which 0.01 sqmi, or 0.43%, are water. Yahoo Falls on the course of Yahoo Creek, a tributary of the South Fork of the Cumberland River, is located 4 mi to the northwest.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,111 people, 458 households, and 296 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 481.5 PD/sqmi. There were 516 housing units at an average density of 223.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.92% White, 0.72% Native American, 0.09% from other races, and 0.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 458 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.6% were married couples living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $18,654, and the median income for a family was $18,702. Males had a median income of $29,306 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,659. About 28.9% of families and 38.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 58.8% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Whitley City has a lending library, the McCreary County Public Library.

Media

 * WHAY Radio 98.3FM
 * McCreary County Record
 * The McCreary County Voice

title: Whitley City, Kentucky


text:
Calhoun, Kentucky

Calhoun is a home rule-class city in McLean County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 725 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of McLean County. It is included in the Owensboro, Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Present-day Calhoun was first known as "Rhoadsville" after the German-born Pennsylvanian Captain Henry Rhoads (1739–1809), who laid out the town from 1784 to 1785 near the Long Falls of the Green River. His brother Solomon then erected a fort to protect the settlers and the transit around the falls.

Around the time John Hanley acquired Rhoads' lands in a 1787 lawsuit, the site was renamed and was alternately known as "Fort Vienna" and "Vienna Station". The post office established in 1849, however, was called "Calhoon" after Rep. John Calhoon of Kentucky, and the town was chartered by the state assembly in 1852 under this new name. At some later point, presumably out of confusion with the more famous Senator and Vice President John Calhoun of South Carolina, the spelling of the town was changed.

In 1854, it beat out the settlement of Rumsey on the other side of the river to become the seat of the newly formed McLean County.

Geography
Calhoun is located in central McLean County at 37.53861°N, -87.25944°W (37.538633, -87.259414), on the north bank of the Green River, the longest river entirely in the state. The Army Corps of Engineers' Lock and Dam #2 on the river is at Calhoun. Calhoun is bordered to the south, across the river, by the community of Rumsey.

Kentucky Route 81 passes through Calhoun as its Main Street, leading north 21 mi to Owensboro and south 23 mi to Central City. Kentucky Route 256 leaves the center of Calhoun as 1st Street and leads northwest 10 mi to Beech Grove. Kentucky Route 136 crosses the northern end of Calhoun, leading northwest to Beech Grove as well and southeast 10 mi to Livermore.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Calhoun has a total area of 0.67 sqmi, of which 0.02 sqmi, or 2.39%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Calhoun has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 836 people, 357 households, and 210 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,231.1 PD/sqmi. There were 395 housing units at an average density of 581.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.80% White, 0.60% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.

There were 357 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 28.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,438, and the median income for a family was $32,386. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $16,719 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,520. About 11.8% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 20.4% of those age 65 or over.

2010 Census
The 2010 census reflected a decline in the city's population to 763. These lived in 317 households, with 184 of those being families. Seventy-four families had children under the age of 18. The average household size was 2.15, and the average family size was 2.85. In 122 households, there was one individual.

Racially, 754 of the 763 were white, four were Native American and five were of more than one race. Two white individuals identified as Hispanic or Latino, with origins in Mexico.

The city's median age was 46.4 years. Males were 44.2, while females were 49.3, reflecting greater longevity. For age 85 and above, there were 19 males and 38 females.

Notable people

 * Glover H. Cary (1885–1936), congressman

title: Calhoun, Kentucky


text:
Island, Kentucky

Island is a home rule-class city in McLean County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 429 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Owensboro metropolitan area.

History
The city is named for Judge William Worthington's early 19th-century 8 sqmi estate, known as "The Island" from the way high water on the Green and other nearby rivers would maroon it from adjacent land. Between 1829 and 1860, the local post office operated as "Worthington". The Owensboro and Nashville Railroad connected the area in 1872; the station and new post office were known as "Island Station". Both were shortened to "Island" in 1882.

Geography
Island is located at 37.4425°N, -87.14667°W (37.442444, -87.146633). It is in the southeastern portion of McLean County along U.S. Route 431 at its junction with Kentucky Route 85. Also traversing the city is Kentucky Route 2110. US 431 leads north 3 mi to Livermore and 23 mi to Owensboro, while to the south it leads 11 mi to Central City. KY 85 leads east 10 mi to Centertown and west 7 mi to Sacramento.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Island has a total area of 0.34 sqmi, of which 0.001 sqmi, or 0.30%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 435 people, 182 households, and 123 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,237.8 PD/sqmi. There were 210 housing units at an average density of 597.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.31% White, 0.23% Native American, 0.46% from other races.

There were 182 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,750, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $33,333 versus $15,313 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,284. About 9.5% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 21.3% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Bobby Veach, former MLB player
 * William Worthington - founder, Revolutionary War Veteran, Kentucky State Senator, Circuit Court Judge
 * Colonel Absalom Redmond Shacklett - Highest-ranking officer of Civil War within McLean County, American-Mexican War veteran, POW, State Legislator

title: Island, Kentucky


text:
Livermore, Kentucky

Livermore is a home rule-class city located at the confluence of the Green and Rough rivers in McLean County in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The population was 1,230 as of the 2020 census, down from 1,365 in 2010. It is included in the Owensboro metropolitan area.

Early years
William Brown founded the city in 1837 as "Brown's Landing", but the post office established the next year took the name Livermore. The origin is disputed: some historians trace it to an otherwise-unknown shopkeeper named James Livermore, others to civil engineer Alonzo Livermore who helped construct a dam across the Green River at Rumsey. The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1850.

Opera house lynching
Livermore achieved national and international notoriety in the second decade of the 20th century for a bizarre lynching. On April 20, 1911, a black man named Will Porter (or Potter) shot and wounded Clarence Mitchell, a white man, after a barroom argument. Sheriff V.P. Stabler then arrested Porter. After this, accounts vary. The New York Times account holds that a local mob of fifty overwhelmed the sheriff, who had hid Porter in the opera house basement to protect him. They then bound Porter's hands and feet, took him to the center stage, and shot him there. Another version reported by several Kentucky papers omitted the sheriff's concern and had Porter taken from the jail to the opera house, where admission was charged to witness the hanging. Those in the gallery were permitted a single shot at Porter; those in the orchestra seats were allowed to empty their guns.

The NAACP quickly condemned the lynching and sent letters to President Taft, the Congress, and Governor Willson of Kentucky. At Willson's insistence, Kentucky issued warrants for 18 of the lynchers; three leaders – including Mitchell's brother Lawrence – were separately indicted and tried for murder, but quickly acquitted. At the time of the indictments, it was locally reported that Clarence Mitchell, "the young white man" whose shooting had enraged the Livermore mob, "has since fully recovered, and has married." Following acquittal of the three ringleaders in fall 1911, indictments of the remaining 15 were "filed away" and appear to have never been brought to trial. In 1915, both presiding Judge T. F. Birkhead and Commonwealth Attorney Ben D. Ringo were defeated for reelection, Birkhead receiving not one vote from McLean County.

Geography
Livermore is located in eastern McLean County at 37.49111°N, -87.13528°W (37.490987, -87.135340), on the north side of the Green River and Rough River. It is bordered to the south, across the Rough River, by Ohio County.

U.S. Route 431 passes through the east side of Livermore as Henton Street. The highway leads north 20 mi to Owensboro and south 15 mi to Central City. Kentucky Route 136 passes through the northern part of the city, leading west 9 mi to Calhoun, the McLean county seat, and east 14 mi to Hartford.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Livermore has a total area of 1.04 sqmi, of which 0.007 sqmi, or 0.67%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,482 people, 614 households, and 405 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,438.1 PD/sqmi. There were 667 housing units at an average density of 647.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.98% White, 0.07% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.81% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.

There were 614 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,086, and the median income for a family was $27,404. Males had a median income of $25,083 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,049. About 18.0% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Livermore has a lending library, the McLean County Public Library.

title: Livermore, Kentucky


text:
Sacramento, Kentucky

Sacramento is a home rule-class city in McLean County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 429 as of the 2020 census. It is included in the Owensboro metropolitan area.

Early history
The first community at the site was known as "Crossroads", but the post office established in 1852 was named "Social Hill". In 1854, George L. Helm platted the town and renamed it Sacramento. Local tradition holds the name was suggested by John Vickers, recently returned from the California Gold Rush. The city was incorporated on October 8, 1860, and the post office followed suit the next year.

The Battle of Sacramento
Sacramento was the site of a Civil War battle between Union forces under Maj. Eli H. Murray and Confederate forces under Colonel Nathan Bedford Forrest. Nicknamed "Forrest's First Fight", the Battle of Sacramento took place on December 28, 1861. The battle began when a Confederate sympathizer named Mollie Morehead informed Forrest that a Union force was watering their horses nearby. Forrest used the element of surprise to rout the Union troops. The city holds an annual reënactment of the battle in which local residents participate, along with professional and amateur reënactors.

Geography
Sacramento is located in southern McLean County at 37.41639°N, -87.26778°W (37.416489, -87.267839). The city is concentrated around the intersection of Kentucky Route 81/Kentucky Route 85 (Main Street) and Kentucky Route 254 (2nd Street), northeast of Madisonville. KY 81 and KY 85 converge in the northeastern part of town, and diverge just south of the city. KY 81 leads north 10 mi to Calhoun, the county seat, and southeast the same distance to South Carrollton, while KY 85 leads east 8 mi to Island and west 15 mi to Madisonville. KY 254 also leads to Madisonville, by a more northerly route of 18 mi.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Sacramento has a total area of 0.43 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 517 people, 219 households, and 150 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,229.5 PD/sqmi. There were 238 housing units at an average density of 566.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.81% White, 3.09% African American, 0.77% Native American, 0.58% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population.

There were 219 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,889, and the median income for a family was $27,344. Males had a median income of $22,045 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,811. About 19.1% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under the age of 18 and 21.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Sacramento, Kentucky


text:
Hardcore Jollies

Hardcore Jollies is the ninth studio album by the funk rock band Funkadelic, released on October 29, 1976 by Warner Bros. Records, their first album to be issued on a major label. It is dedicated to "the guitar players of the world." Originally, the first side of the album was called "Osmosis Phase 1" and the second side was "Terribitus Phase 2." Hardcore Jollies was released one month after Funkadelic's final album for Westbound Records, Tales of Kidd Funkadelic, which was recorded during the same sessions.

Hardcore Jollies was the last Parliament-Funkadelic studio album to include three of the original members of The Parliaments: Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon and Grady Thomas. Though uncredited, Hardcore Jollies features instrumental performances by guitarist Eddie Hazel.

The album has been reissued on compact disc by Charly Groove Records and Priority Records.

Side One

 * 1) "Comin' Round the Mountain" (George Clinton, Grace Cook) (released as a single-Warner Bros. 8309) - 5:56
 * 2) "Smokey" (Clinton, Garry Shider) (released as a single-Warner Bros. 8367) - 6:08
 * 3) "If You Got Funk, You Got Style" (Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Bernie Worrell) (released as the B-side to "Comin' Round the Mountain") - 3:07
 * 4) "Hardcore Jollies" (Clinton, Worrell) - 5:01

Side Two

 * 1) "Soul Mate" (Clinton, Cook) (released as the B-side to "Smokey") - 2:48
 * 2) "Cosmic Slop" [Live] (Clinton, Worrell) - 6:30
 * 3) "You Scared the Lovin' Outta Me" (Clinton, Glenn Goins) - 6:28
 * 4) "Adolescent Funk" (Clinton, Michael Hampton, Worrell) - 4:18

Personnel
This would be the last Funkadelic album to feature Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and Grady Thomas. They would leave because of money and other personal issues. This is also the last of the two Funkadelic albums to include Glen Goins; although he would appear on two subsequent Parliament albums.
 * Vocals: George Clinton, Ray Davis, Fuzzy Haskins, Grady Thomas, Calvin Simon, Garry Shider, Glenn Goins, Gary “Mudbone” Cooper
 * Lead Guitar: Michael Hampton, Eddie Hazel
 * Guitars: Eddie Hazel, Garry Shider, Glenn Goins
 * Keyboards: Bernie Worrell
 * Bass: Boogie Mosson, Bootsy Collins, Jimi Calhoun on "Comin' Round the Mountain"
 * Drums: Jerome Brailey, Buddy Miles on "Comin' Round the Mountain"

Cosmic Slop
This track is a live version of the 1973 song from the Funkadelic album of the same name and it was recorded at a rehearsal for the 1976 P-Funk Earth Tour (see Mothership Connection Newberg Session). This version uses a vocal introduction that was removed from the 1973 studio version, and it features prominent guitar solos by Michael Hampton. This version is widely considered to be the best early example of Hampton's guitar work.

Charts

 * Album

Billboard (North America)

title: Hardcore Jollies