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Tolley, North Dakota

Tolley is a city in Renville County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 41 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Tolley was founded by Eli Crane Tolley in 1905.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.13 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 47 people, 26 households, and 13 families residing in the city. The population density was 361.5 PD/sqmi. There were 40 housing units at an average density of 307.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 26 households, of which 11.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.0% were non-families. 46.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.81 and the average family size was 2.54.

The median age in the city was 48.3 years. 12.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.8% were from 25 to 44; 34.1% were from 45 to 64; and 21.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 61.7% male and 38.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 63 people, 32 households, and 15 families residing in the city. The population density was 490.9 PD/sqmi. There were 39 housing units at an average density of 303.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.71% White, 7.94% Native American, and 6.35% from two or more races.

There were 32 households, out of which 15.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, and 53.1% were non-families. 46.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 1.6% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 133.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $18,750, and the median income for a family was $18,750. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,835. There were 20.0% of families and 39.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 84.6% of under eighteens and 63.6% of those over 64.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Tolley has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Tolley, North Dakota


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Abercrombie, North Dakota

Abercrombie is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 244 at the 2020 census. Abercrombie was founded in 1884.

History
Abercrombie was founded in 1884. It was named after Fort Abercrombie, a local military installation adjacent to the city. This means the city indirectly received its name from Lieutenant Colonel Abercrombie, first commanding officer of the fort. The city is part of the military reservation and is located on section 4, 134–48.

Abercrombie did not come into being until 1884, when Fargo and Southern Railroad was built through the Red River Valley along the Red River. Then directly west of the old fort, the town of Abercrombie was started.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.61 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
Abercrombie is part of the Wahpeton, ND MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 263 people, 104 households, and 68 families residing in the city. The population density was 431.1 PD/sqmi. There were 121 housing units at an average density of 198.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.5% White, 0.4% African American, 0.8% Native American, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 104 households, of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.15.

The median age in the city was 35.8 years. 30.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 296 people, 118 households, and 73 families residing in the city. The population density was 482.6 PD/sqmi. There were 138 housing units at an average density of 225.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.62% White, 1.35% Native American, 0.34% Asian, and 1.69% from two or more races.

The top 6 ancestry groups in the city are Norwegian (54.4%), German (41.9%), Irish (12.8%), Swedish (12.2%), English (7.4%), Czech (6.8%).

There were 118 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,167, and the median income for a family was $37,125. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $17,321 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,911. About 8.8% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

Economy
The economy of Abercrombie is surrounded by agriculture. While agriculture does play the dominant role in the southern Red River Valley, the city of Abercrombie provides employment in sectors such as education, telecommunication, and manufacturing.

Culture
Many of the settlers who came from Norway, Sweden and Denmark in the late 1860s and early 1870s came first to Wisconsin and southern Minnesota to work in the Lumber mills. While there, they heard much about the Red River Valley and its fertility and great possibility. At this time a Mr. Strandvold was writing articles geared towards appealing to young Norsemen with the intention of drawing them to the Valley.

Education
The city of Abercrombie is served by the Richland 44 School District, which contains 2 schools:
 * Elementary School (Preschool-6)
 * Richland Elementary School
 * Junior/Senior High School (7-12)
 * Richland Junior/Senior High School

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Abercrombie has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Abercrombie, North Dakota


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Barney, North Dakota

Barney is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 40 at the 2020 census. Barney was founded in 1899. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.16 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 52 people, 24 households, and 14 families residing in the city. The population density was 325.0 PD/sqmi. There were 28 housing units at an average density of 175.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White and 1.9% from two or more races.

There were 24 households, of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.71.

The median age in the city was 49 years. 15.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.2% were from 25 to 44; 40.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 69 people, 25 households, and 17 families residing in the city. The population density was 432.5 PD/sqmi. There were 28 housing units at an average density of 175.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 25 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.35.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.3% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household was $36,875, and the median income for a family was $46,667. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,079. There were no families and 7.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 20.0% of those over 64.

title: Barney, North Dakota


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Joseph Paxton

Sir Joseph Paxton (3 August 1803 – 8 June 1865) was an English gardener, architect, engineer and Member of Parliament, best known for designing the Crystal Palace and for cultivating the Cavendish banana, the most consumed banana in the Western world.

Early life
Paxton was born in 1803, the seventh son of a farming family, in Milton Bryan, Bedfordshire. Some references, incorrectly, list his birth year as 1801. This is, as he admitted in later life, a result of misinformation he provided in his teens, which enabled him to enrol at Chiswick Gardens. He became a garden boy at the age of fifteen for Sir Gregory Osborne Page-Turner at Battlesden Park, near Woburn. After several moves, he obtained a position in 1823 at the Horticultural Society's Chiswick Gardens.

Chatsworth
The Horticultural Society's gardens were close to the gardens of William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, at Chiswick House. The duke met the young gardener as he strolled in his gardens and became impressed with his skill and enthusiasm. He offered the 20-year-old Paxton the position of head gardener at Chatsworth, which was considered one of the finest landscaped gardens of the time.

Although the duke was in Russia, Paxton set off for Chatsworth on the Chesterfield coach arriving at Chatsworth at half past four in the morning. By his own account he had explored the gardens after scaling the kitchen garden wall, set the staff to work, eaten breakfast with the housekeeper and met his future wife, Sarah Bown, the housekeeper's niece, completing his first morning's work before nine o'clock. He married Bown in 1827, and she proved capable of managing his affairs, leaving him free to pursue his ideas. He enjoyed a friendly relationship with his employer who recognised his diverse talents and facilitated his rise to prominence.

One of Paxton's first projects was to redesign the garden around the new north wing of the house and expand Chatsworth's collection of conifers into a 40 acre arboretum which still exists. He became skilled at moving mature trees. The largest, weighing about eight tons, was moved from Kedleston Road in Derby. Among several other large projects at Chatsworth were the rock garden, the Emperor Fountain, and rebuilding Edensor village. The Emperor Fountain was built in 1844; it was twice the height of Nelson's Column and required the creation of a feeder lake on the hill above the gardens necessitating the excavation of 100000 yd3 of earth.

Greenhouses
In 1832, Paxton developed an interest in greenhouses at Chatsworth where he designed a series of buildings with "forcing frames" for espalier trees and for the cultivation of exotic plants such as highly prized pineapples. At the time the use of glass houses was in its infancy and those at Chatsworth were dilapidated. After experimentation, he designed a glass house with a ridge and furrow roof that would be at right angles to the morning and evening sun and an ingenious frame design that would admit maximum light: the forerunner of the modern greenhouse.

The next great building at Chatsworth was built for the first seeds of the Victoria regia lily which had been sent to Kew from the Amazon in 1836. Although they had germinated and grown they had not flowered and in 1849 a seedling was given to Paxton to try out at Chatsworth. He entrusted it to Eduard Ortgies, a young gardener and within two months the leaves were 4.5 ft in diameter, and a month later it flowered. It continued growing and it became necessary to build a much larger house, the Victoria Regia House. Inspired by the waterlily's huge leaves – 'a natural feat of engineering' – he found the structure for his conservatory which he tested by floating his daughter Annie on a leaf. The secret was in the rigidity provided by the radiating ribs connecting with flexible cross-ribs. Constant experimentation over a number of years led him to devise the glasshouse design that inspired the Crystal Palace.

With a cheap and light wooden frame, the conservatory design had a ridge-and-furrow roof to let in more light and drained rainwater away. He used hollow pillars doubling as drain pipes and designed a special rafter that acted as an internal and external gutter. All the elements were pre-fabricated and, like modular buildings, could be produced in vast numbers and assembled into buildings of varied design.

In 1836, Paxton began construction of the Great Conservatory, or Stove, a huge glasshouse 227 ft long and 123 ft wide that was designed by the 6th Duke's architect Decimus Burton. The columns and beams were made of cast iron, and the arched elements of laminated wood. At the time, the conservatory was the largest glass building in the world. The largest sheet glass available at that time, made by Robert Chance, was 3 ft long. Chance produced 4 ft sheets for Paxton's benefit. The structure was heated by eight boilers using 7 mi of iron pipe and cost more than £30,000. It had a central carriageway and when the Queen was driven through, it was lit with twelve thousand lamps. It was prohibitively expensive to maintain, and was not heated during the First World War. The plants died and it was demolished in the 1920s.

In 1848 Paxton created the Conservative Wall, a glass house 331 ft long by 7 ft wide.

Crystal Palace

The Great Conservatory was the test-bed for the prefabricated glass and iron structural techniques which Paxton pioneered and would employ for his masterpiece: The Crystal Palace of the Great Exhibition of 1851. These techniques were made physically possible by recent technological advances in the manufacture of both glass and cast iron, and financially possible by the dropping of a tax on glass.

In 1850 the Royal Commission appointed to organise the Great Exhibition were in a quandary. An international competition to design a building to house the Exhibition had produced 245 designs, of which only two were remotely suitable, and all would take too long to build and would be too permanent. There was an outcry by the public and in Parliament against the desecration of Hyde Park.

Paxton was visiting London in his capacity as a director of the Midland Railway to meet the chairman John Ellis who was also a member of parliament. He happened to mention an idea he had for the hall, and Ellis promptly encouraged to produce some plans, provided they could be ready in nine days. Unfortunately he was committed for the next few days, but at a board meeting of the railway in Derby, it is said he appeared to be spending much of his time doodling on a sheet of blotting paper. At the end of the meeting he held up his first sketch of the Crystal Palace, inspired by the Victoria Regia House. The sketch is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum.

He completed the plans and presented them to the Commission, but there was opposition from some members, since another design was well into its planning stage. Paxton decided to by-pass the Commission and published the design in the Illustrated London News to universal acclaim.

Its novelty was its revolutionary modular, prefabricated design, and use of glass. Glazing was carried out from special trolleys, and was fast: one man managed to fix 108 panes in a single day. The Palace was 1848 ft long, 408 ft wide and 108 ft high. It required 4,500 tons of iron, 60000 ft2 of timber and needed over 293,000 panes of glass. Yet it took 2,000 men just eight months to build, and cost just £79,800. Quite unlike any other building, it was itself a demonstration of British technology in iron and glass. In its construction, Paxton was assisted by Charles Fox, also of Derby for the iron framework, and William Cubitt, Chairman of the Building Committee. All three were knighted. After the exhibition they were employed by the Crystal Palace Company to move it to Sydenham where it remained until it was destroyed by fire in 1936.

Publishing
In 1831, Paxton published a monthly magazine, The Horticultural Register. This was followed by the Magazine of Botany in 1834, the Pocket Botanical Dictionary in 1840, Paxton's Flower Garden (vols. I & II) in 1850 and the Calendar of Gardening Operations. In addition to these titles he also, in 1841, co-founded perhaps the most famous horticultural periodical, The Gardeners' Chronicle along with John Lindley, Charles Wentworth Dilke and William Bradbury and later became its editor.

Political career
Paxton was a Liberal Member of Parliament for Coventry from 1854 until his death in 1865.

In June 1855 he presented a scheme he called the Great Victorian Way to the Parliamentary Select Committee on Metropolitan Communications in which he envisaged the construction of an arcade, based on the structure of the Crystal Palace, in a ten-mile loop around the centre of London. It would have incorporated a roadway, an atmospheric railway, housing and shops.

Later life

Although he remained the Head Gardener at Chatsworth until 1858, he was also able to undertake outside work such as the Crystal Palace and his directorship of the Midland Railway. He worked on public parks in Liverpool, Birkenhead, Glasgow, Halifax (the People's Park) and the grounds of The Spa, Scarborough. In October 1845 he was invited to lay out one of the country's first municipal burial grounds in Coventry. This became the London Road Cemetery, where a memorial to Paxton by Joseph Goddard was erected in 1868.

Between 1835 and 1839, he organised plant-hunting expeditions one of which ended in tragedy when two gardeners from Chatsworth sent to California drowned. Tragedy also struck at home when his eldest son died.

In 1850, Paxton was commissioned by Baron Mayer Amschel de Rothschild to design Mentmore Towers in Buckinghamshire. This was to be one of the greatest country houses built during the Victorian Era. Following the completion of Mentmore, James Mayer de Rothschild, one of Baron de Rothschild's French cousins, commissioned Château de Ferrières at Ferrières-en-Brie near Paris to be "Another Mentmore, but twice the size". Both buildings still stand today. Paxton also designed another country house, a smaller version of Mentmore at Battlesden near Woburn in Bedfordshire. This house was bought by the Duke of Bedford thirty years after its completion, and demolished, because the Duke wanted no other mansion close to Woburn Abbey.

In 1860, he also designed Fairlawn, 89 Wimbledon Park Side for Sir Edwin Saunders, Queen Victoria's dentist.

Paxton was honoured by being a member of the Kew Commission which was to suggest improvements for Royal Botanic Gardens, and by being considered for the post of Head Gardener at Windsor Castle.

On 17 March 1860, during the enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement, Paxton raised and commanded the 11th (Matlock) Derbyshire Rifle Volunteer Corps.

He became affluent, not so much through his Chatsworth employment, but by successful speculation in the railway industry. He retired from Chatsworth when the Duke died in 1858 but carried on working at various projects such as the Thames Graving Dock. Paxton died at his home at Rockhills, Sydenham, in 1865 and was buried on the Chatsworth Estate in St Peter's Churchyard, Edensor. His wife Sarah remained at their house on the Chatsworth Estate until her death in 1871.

title: Joseph Paxton


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Christine, North Dakota

Christine is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 151 at the 2020 census. Christine was founded in 1883. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Christine was founded in 1883 as a Scandinavian settlement along the Milwaukee Railroad in Eagle Township. A post office was established in 1884, and the railroad built a depot in 1886. There is some disagreement over how the town received its name, with most of the evidence suggesting it was named after Christina Nilsson, a well-known Swedish opera singer. Others, though, suggest one of the town's early settlers, Knute Norby, wanted it named after him. The townspeople reportedly objected to his proposal, naming the town after his wife, Kristine.

The village was an unincorporated part of Eagle Township for much of its history, until it officially incorporated as a city in 1976.

Nelson's Grocery is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, as is the town post office.

Geography
Christine is located in eastern Richland County, just off Interstate 29. Its location between the Red and Wild Rice Rivers places it within the Red River Valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.19 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 150 people, 61 households, and 44 families residing in the city. The population density was 789.5 PD/sqmi. There were 67 housing units at an average density of 352.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.0% White, 1.3% Asian, and 0.7% from other races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.7% of the population.

There were 61 households, of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.6% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.9% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 37 years. 25.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.3% were from 25 to 44; 28.7% were from 45 to 64; and 10% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.0% male and 46.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 153 people, 60 households, and 43 families residing in the city. The population density was 846.1 PD/sqmi. There were 61 housing units at an average density of 337.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.35% White, and 0.65% from two or more races.

There were 60 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.3% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 41.2% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,458, and the median income for a family was $51,667. Males had a median income of $37,188 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,330. About 6.0% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Aslag Benson (1855 – 1937), state Senator (1903–1906)
 * John S. Johnson (1854 – 1941), state Senator (1897-1900)
 * Paul Johnsgard (1931 – 2021), ornithologist

Trivia
The band Tullycraft has two songs about the city: "Christine, ND" and "Vacation in Christine, ND".

title: Christine, North Dakota


text:
Colfax, North Dakota

Colfax is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 172 at the 2020 census. Colfax was founded in 1881. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area. In the mid-1960s it billed itself as the "smallest town in the U.S. with a public swimming pool".

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.01 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 172 people, 58 households, and 49 families residing in the city. There were 61 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 0.0% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.0% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from some other races and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 121 people, 46 households, and 36 families residing in the city. The population density was 118.6 PD/sqmi. There were 48 housing units at an average density of 47.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 46 households, of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.4% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 21.7% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 37.4 years. 28.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 33.8% were from 25 to 44; 19.8% were from 45 to 64; and 13.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.4% male and 44.6% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 91 people, 40 households, and 28 families residing in the city. The population density was 102.5 PD/sqmi. There were 44 housing units at an average density of 49.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population.

There were 40 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,333, and the median income for a family was $55,833. Males had a median income of $28,333 versus $25,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,635. There were no families and 7.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 12.5% of those over 64.

title: Colfax, North Dakota


text:
Dwight, North Dakota

Dwight is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 80 at the 2020 census. Dwight was founded in 1881. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Dwight was named for Jeremiah W. Dwight, the owner of the Dwight Farm and Land Company which ran a 27,000 acre bonanza farm, organized in 1879, in the area. John Miller, North Dakota's first governor, lived in Dwight and was the superintendent of the Dwight bonanza farm.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.20 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 82 people in 32 households, including 17 families, in the city. The population density was 410.0 PD/sqmi. There were 34 housing units at an average density of 170.0 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 100.0% White.

Of the 32 households 46.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.9% were non-families. 40.6% of households were one person and 15.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.59.

The median age was 32 years. 32.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.2% were from 45 to 64; and 9.8% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 75 people in 33 households, including 17 families, in the city. The population density was 377.7 PD/sqmi. There were 36 housing units at an average density of 181.3 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 98.67% White, and 1.33% from two or more races.

Of the 33 households 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% were non-families. 45.5% of households were one person and 21.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.22.

The age distribution was 29.3% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.8 males.

The median household income was $40,625 and the median family income was $53,125. Males had a median income of $40,625 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,543. There were no families and 4.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 27.3% of those over 64.

Notable person

 * John Miller, first governor of the State of North Dakota

title: Dwight, North Dakota


text:
Fairmount, North Dakota

Fairmount is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 343 at the 2020 census. Fairmount was founded in 1884. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Fairmount is located in southeastern North Dakota on North Dakota Highway 11. It is approximately four miles west of the junction of Minnesota Highway 55 and U.S. Route 75. Fairmount is six miles west of Tenney, Minnesota, 63 miles south of Fargo, and 176 miles northwest of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The village is also 15 miles East of Hankinson and 15 miles south of Wahpeton.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.32 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 367 people, 153 households, and 98 families living in the city. The population density was 1146.9 PD/sqmi. There were 195 housing units at an average density of 609.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.0% White, 0.3% African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 1.4% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

There were 153 households, of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 37.9 years. 27.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.7% were from 25 to 44; 29.1% were from 45 to 64; and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.0% male and 49.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 406 people, 174 households, and 104 families living in the city. The population density was 1,234.2 PD/sqmi. There were 202 housing units at an average density of 614.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.07% White, 2.46% Native American, 0.49% from other races, and 1.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.46% of the population.

There were 174 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,143, and the median income for a family was $42,813. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $25,536 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,492. About 10.9% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Fairmount Public School, a K-12 school, is the public school in Fairmount.

title: Fairmount, North Dakota


text:
Great Bend, North Dakota

Great Bend is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States, on the banks of the Wild Rice River. Its population was 49 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1888, and incorporated as a village in 1908. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Great Bend was founded in 1888 on land homesteaded by George Worner (1855 – 1950), who was born in Germany and moved to Brandenburg Township in 1874 when his family moved there from Wisconsin. In 1875, Worner established a rural post office and named it Berlin after the German capital. The post office was moved closer to Great Bend in 1882, and disbanded on July 12, 1883. Worner, who was instrumental in the town's founding and development, served as one of the area's first station agents for the Northern Pacific Railroad, operated the town's first general store, and was one of its first postmasters. He later served in the North Dakota House of Representatives.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, it has a total area of 0.55 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 60 people, 29 households, and 17 families residing in the city. The population density was 109.1 PD/sqmi. There were 38 housing units at an average density of 69.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 29 households, of which 17.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.4% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.53.

The median age in the city was 52.5 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.6% were from 25 to 44; 38.3% were from 45 to 64; and 20% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 118 people, 40 households, and 33 families residing in the city. The population density was 207.6 PD/sqmi. There were 42 housing units at an average density of 73.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 40 households, out of which 42.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.5% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $63,333, and the median income for a family was $66,250. Males had a median income of $31,786 versus $33,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,723. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Notable person

 * George Worner (1855 – 1950), town founder, state Congressman (1925 – 1932)

title: Great Bend, North Dakota


text:
Hankinson, North Dakota

Hankinson is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 921 at the 2020 census. Hankinson was founded in 1886. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A post office has been in operation at Hankinson since 1886. The city was named after R. H. Hankinson, a local land owner.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.59 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 919 people, 406 households, and 228 families living in the city. The population density was 578.0 PD/sqmi. There were 501 housing units at an average density of 315.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.8% White, 3.7% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 406 households, of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 48.2 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.1% were from 25 to 44; 27.4% were from 45 to 64; and 26.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,058 people, 454 households, and 261 families living in the city. The population density was 756.5 PD/sqmi. There were 524 housing units at an average density of 374.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.18% White, 3.21% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population.

There were 454 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.3% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 30.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,125, and the median income for a family was $39,500. Males had a median income of $29,417 versus $17,955 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,676. About 6.2% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 19.9% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hankinson has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Notable Person

 * Cody Mauch - NFL Guard for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers who was raised in Hankinson and graduated from Hankinson High School in 2017.

title: Hankinson, North Dakota


text:
Lidgerwood, North Dakota

Lidgerwood is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 600 at the 2020 census. Lidgerwood was founded in 1886. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.66 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 652 people, 335 households, and 160 families residing in the city. The population density was 987.9 PD/sqmi. There were 417 housing units at an average density of 631.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.5% White, 2.0% Native American, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 335 households, of which 17.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 52.2% were non-families. 46.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 28.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 51.3 years. 19% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.6% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 32.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 738 people, 345 households, and 207 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,122.4 PD/sqmi. There were 404 housing units at an average density of 614.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.29% White, 1.76% Native American, 0.14% Asian, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.

There were 345 households, out of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 30.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,887, and the median income for a family was $29,464. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $16,818 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,303. About 8.8% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lidgerwood has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Lidgerwood, North Dakota


text:
Mantador, North Dakota

Mantador is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 67 at the 2020 census. Mantador was founded in 1893. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND-MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 0.14 sqmi, all land.

History
Mantador was established in 1886 by the Soo Line Railroad as a depot under the so-called "Long Length Law." The law required that depots must be placed at nine-mile intervals along the track in order to provide fuel and water for trains and to provide postal service for settlers. The town developed around the depot.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 64 people, 29 households, and 19 families residing in the city. The population density was 457.1 PD/sqmi. There were 36 housing units at an average density of 257.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White, 3.1% Native American, 1.6% Asian, and 3.1% from two or more races.

There were 29 households, of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 46 years. 23.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.3% were from 25 to 44; 45.4% were from 45 to 64; and 6.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 71 people, 31 households, and 15 families residing in the city. The population density was 501.5 PD/sqmi. There were 37 housing units at an average density of 261.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 31 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4% were non-families. 48.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 3.50.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $41,875. Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,849. There were no families and 2.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 15.4% of those over 64.

Notable people

 * Heidi Heitkamp, in 2012 the first woman elected as United States Senator from North Dakota and the second to serve
 * Cody Mauch, American football player for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers

title: Mantador, North Dakota


text:
Mooreton, North Dakota

Mooreton is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 177 at the 2020 census. Mooreton was founded in 1884. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.27 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 197 people, 83 households, and 56 families residing in the city. The population density was 729.6 PD/sqmi. There were 92 housing units at an average density of 340.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.9% White, 3.6% Native American, 0.5% Asian, and 2.0% from two or more races.

There were 83 households, of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.5% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 34.7 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 32% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.3% male and 44.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 204 people, 92 households, and 49 families residing in the city. The population density was 769.7 PD/sqmi. There were 95 housing units at an average density of 358.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.04% White and 1.96% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.49% of the population.

There were 92 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 1.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.7% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 15.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $48,281. Males had a median income of $27,361 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,434. About 9.1% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.3% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

title: Mooreton, North Dakota


text:
Wahpeton, North Dakota

Wahpeton is a city in Richland County, in southeast North Dakota along the Bois de Sioux River at its confluence with the Otter Tail River, which forms the Red River of the North. Wahpeton is the county seat of Richland County. The population was 8,007 at the 2020 census.

Wahpeton was founded in 1869 and is the principal city of the Wahpeton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Richland County, North Dakota and Wilkin County, Minnesota. Wahpeton's twin city is Breckenridge, Minnesota, on the other side of the river. The Bois de Sioux River and the Otter Tail River join at Wahpeton and Breckenridge to form the Red River of the North.

The North Dakota State College of Science is in Wahpeton. The local newspaper is the Wahpeton Daily News.

History

The first European explorer in the area was Jonathan Carver in 1767. He explored and mapped the Northwest at the request of Major Robert Rogers, commander of Fort Michilimackinac. This British fort at Mackinaw City, Michigan, protected the passage between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron of the Great Lakes. In 1763 the British had extended their reach in Canada and territory west of the Appalachian Mountains, taking over former French colonial territories after defeating the French in the Seven Years' War.

Carver's mission was to find the Northwest Passage, the imagined waterway to the Orient which Rogers (and many other explorers of the time) believed existed. Carver could not find what does not exist, but his account of exploration helped attract fur traders and other explorers to this territory.

More than 100 years after Carver's expedition, a U.S. government surveying party passed through the Wahpeton area. With the Civil War over, the government wanted to encourage development in the West. J. W. Blanding, a member of the expedition, was so impressed by the fertile river valley that he returned to his Wisconsin home determined to move his family and property to the Dakota Territory. Blanding so influenced other Wisconsin settlers that many had reached the Wahpeton area and homesteaded there before Blanding arranged his return.

The first settler was Morgan T. Rich. His plow turned the first furrow of rich black bottomland in 1869. When other settlers arrived, they formed a tiny community and named it Richville, commemorating both its founder and the fertile quality of the soil.

In 1871, a U.S. post office opened. At the same time, the town's name was changed to Chahinkapa, a Lakota Sioux word meaning "the end of the woods". Two years later, the county was organized and named Chahinkapa County.

Later that year the county was renamed Richland County and the town of Chahinkapa renamed Wahpeton. This was derived from the Dakota name of the local band of Dakota Indians, the Wakhpetonwan. The name in Dakota means "leaf dwellers." They adopted this name at an earlier time when they lived in the vicinity of Lake Mille Lacs, before they were displaced by the Ojibwe and pushed to the west.

Growth of the village of Wahpeton was quite slow during the first few years, but it increased rapidly in 1872 with the completion of a railroad line into Breckenridge, Minnesota, a tiny community across the Bois de Sioux River. The St. Paul and Pacific Railway (now the Great Northern) had entered the region. The railroad generated a booming business in flatboat building in both communities. Flatboats could carry freight directly from the railroad downriver via the Red River of the North (which flowed north) to northern parts of the state and to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

The railroad line attracted many more settlers to the area—both migrants from the Eastern United States, Native Americans, and new European immigrants. Germans, Bohemians, Scandinavians, and Native Americans moved to Richland County to file for homesteads. In 1874, Jacob Morvin and Joseph Sittarich opened the county's first retail store in Wahpeton. By 1876 the traffic between Wahpeton and Breckenridge had grown past the ferry's capacity. A bridge was built across the Bois de Sioux River connecting the towns.

Another flurry of growth occurred in 1880 when the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railroad crossed the river and pushed its tracks on toward the northwest. By 1883 the population of Wahpeton was estimated to be as high as 1,400 people.

In 1888, the Northern Light Electric Company (NLEC) was organized here. It made Wahpeton among North Dakota's first cities to be electrified. In 1909, NLEC became the first customer of the newly founded Otter Tail Power Company. In 1913, NLEC's owner, C. B. Kidder, sold his company to Otter Tail Power and became its first general manager. In 1927, Otter Tail Power built what was then its largest power plant at Wahpeton, naming it Kidder Station. The plant was removed in 1977; the site is now a park.

In 1889, the Red River Valley University was established in Wahpeton. It later was renamed the North Dakota State College of Science.

On June 10, 1897, a lightning bolt struck the main pole in a Ringling Brothers Circus tent as it was being erected, breaking the pole and causing three deaths. The lives lost are commemorated with a monument in a graveyard south of Wahpeton.

In 1904, the U.S. government established the Wahpeton Indian School here. The boarding school operated into the 1970s. It was intended to educate Native American children from reservations and tribes in northern Minnesota, North Dakota, and northern South Dakota. It was an Indian boarding school, designed to assimilate the children to mainstream language, culture and religion. In most such schools, children were required to use English rather than their native languages (which were many among these groups), dress in Euro-American style, and practice Christianity. The school has since been transferred to an inter-tribal group, chartered under the federally recognized Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota Oyate and funded by the Bureau of Indian Education. The tribes renamed the school Circle of Nations School and operate it, serving children in grades 4–8.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, it has an area of 5.29 sqmi, all land.

The Red River forms one of the most fertile river valleys in the world. As it flows north to Canada, it forms the state boundary between North Dakota and Minnesota. Wahpeton is near the river's headwaters at the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail Rivers.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wahpeton has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,766 people, 3,151 households, and 1,717 families residing in the city. The population density was 1468.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,482 housing units at an average density of 658.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.6% White, 1.3% African American, 3.1% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 3,151 households, of which 26.8% had children under age 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.5% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 31.1. 20.3% of residents were under 18; 22.2% were between 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.6% male and 48.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,586 people, 3,254 households, and 1,867 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,718.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,492 housing units at an average density of 698.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.47% White, 0.62% African American, 2.41% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

The top 6 ancestry groups in the city are German (47.4%), Norwegian (28.4%), Irish (7.1%), Swedish (5.8%), French (4.0%), English (4.0%).

There were 3,254 households, of which 30.4% had children under 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.6% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under 18, 24.1% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 or older. The median age was 29. For every 100 females, there were 109.8 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 112.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,471, and the median income for a family was $44,645. Males had a median income of $30,199 versus $20,089 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,293. About 7.3% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under 18 and 10.4% of those 65 or older.

Economy
Wahpeton is the home of several large manufacturing plants, including Woodcraft Industries, Inc., WCCO Belting, Minn-Dak Farmers Cooperative, Cargill, ComDel Innovation, Heartland Precision, Doosan/Bobcat, Masonite and Wil-Rich.

Imation Corporation operated a production facility in Wahpeton but it closed in 2009.

On May 14, 1991, Wahpeton voters approved a 1% city sales and use tax, the proceeds of which were to be dedicated solely to economic development of the City of Wahpeton and Richland County, by means of business and industrial expansion including job creation, job retention, business and industrial diversification, and the creation, fostering and maintenance of business and trade activities and facilities. The tax would become effective July 1, 1991, and sunset in five years. On June 14, 1994, voters approved to extend the sales tax 10 years to June 30, 2006. On October 14, 2003, voters approved broadening the use and extending the 1½% sales tax to June 30, 2026.

Recreation and culture

The area attracts outdoorsmen and hunters, as it is in the midst of the Central Flyway, thus providing excellent migratory waterfowl hunting.

The Bois de Sioux Golf Course is the nation's only golf course with half the course in one state and half in another. Near the golf course is Chahinkapa Park, which houses playgrounds, baseball, softball, football fields, and tennis. During the summer the large swimming pool is open. Chahinkapa Park is also home to Chahinkapa Zoo. In May 2018, Chahinkapa Zoo became home to two white rhinos.

The Richland County Historical Society Museum features Native American artifacts and displays of pioneer life. Near Wahpeton is Fort Abercrombie and the Circus Monument, erected in memory of circus workers killed by lightning there in 1897. Circus performers hold a memorial service at the monument whenever they perform in the area.

The Carmelite Monastery, in the bend of the Wild Rice River, is a few miles from Wahpeton.

On Thursday afternoons from June through October, the Twin Towns Gardeners' Market is held near the Sears/Family Dollar building in Wahpeton.

Other Wahpeton area attractions include "Wahpper" the World's Largest Catfish, at Kidder Dam, and the Bagg Bonanza Farm, a 15 acre historic bonanza farm with farm buildings and machinery. There is a mural at the corner of Dakota Avenue and 4th Street. Also downtown is the Red Door Art Gallery/Visitor's Center.

Colleges

 * North Dakota State College of Science

K–12
Wahpeton is served by two elementary schools, Wahpeton Middle School and Wahpeton Senior High School. There is also a private school, St. John's Elementary.

The Circle of Nations School (formerly Wahpeton Indian School), an off-reservation tribal boarding school for Native American children in grades 4 to 8, is affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE).

 * High school championships
 * State Class 'A' football: 1930, 1971
 * State Class 'A' boys basketball: 1941, 1944, 1954, 1979
 * State Class 'A' girls basketball: 1986
 * State Class 'A' volleyball: 1985, 1986
 * State Class 'A' girls golf: 1991
 * State Class 'A' wrestling: 2007
 * State Class 'A' girls indoor track and field: 1999

Transportation
Wahpeton has two railroads, a bus line, five truck lines, and an airport with runways approximately 3,000 and 5000 ft in length.

Transit
Valley Senior Services provides dial-a-ride transit service to residents of Wahpeton on weekdays.

Main Highways and Roads

 * (works as a bypass for Wahpeton. Crosses the river just north of Breckenridge, MN, becomes and then intersects.
 * (works as a bypass for Wahpeton. Crosses the river just north of Breckenridge, MN, becomes and then intersects.
 * (works as a bypass for Wahpeton. Crosses the river just north of Breckenridge, MN, becomes and then intersects.

Notable people

 * Art Anderson, former NFL football player
 * Sam Anderson, actor
 * Anna Astvatsaturian Turcotte, Armenian-American writer
 * Louise Erdrich (Chippewa), author, lived here as a child when her parents taught at the Indian boarding school
 * Sidney Hinds, Brigadier General and Olympian
 * Rose Thompson Hovick, inspired "Rose" character of musical Gypsy
 * Woodrow W. Keeble, World War II and Korean War era Medal of Honor recipient
 * Colin Masica, linguist
 * Porter J. McCumber, former senator
 * Jerome G. Miller, correctional institution reformer
 * Steve Myhra, former placekicker for the Baltimore Colts
 * William E. Purcell, former senator
 * David Richman, North Dakota State men's basketball head coach
 * Mary Shaw Shorb, research scientist
 * Ryan Smith, wide receiver, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
 * Russell T. Thane, long-time state senator
 * John Wall, North Dakota educator and politician
 * Clark Williams, state legislator

title: Wahpeton, North Dakota


text:
Walcott, North Dakota

Walcott is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 262 at the 2020 census. Walcott was founded in 1880. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.02 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 235 people, 94 households, and 66 families residing in the city. The population density was 230.4 PD/sqmi. There were 103 housing units at an average density of 101.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 0.9% African American, 0.9% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 94 households, of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.8% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the city was 33.9 years. 28.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 32.8% were from 25 to 44; 21.7% were from 45 to 64; and 13.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 189 people, 78 households, and 49 families residing in the city. The population density was 184.7 PD/sqmi. There were 89 housing units at an average density of 87.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.47% White, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.65% of the population.

There were 78 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,458, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $17,321 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,173. About 1.9% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.0% of those 65 or over.

Public services
Walcott is served by the Richland County Sheriff's Office for law enforcement, the Walcott Fire Department for fire and rescue, and Kindred Ambulance Service for medical emergencies.

title: Walcott, North Dakota


text:
Wyndmere, North Dakota

Wyndmere is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 454 at the 2020 census. Wyndmere was founded in 1883 and named after Windermere in England. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.88 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 429 people, 192 households, and 117 families living in the city. The population density was 487.5 PD/sqmi. There were 226 housing units at an average density of 256.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 2.6% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.1% of the population.

There were 192 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the city was 43.6 years. 25.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 29.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.6% male and 46.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 533 people, 214 households, and 144 families living in the city. The population density was 608.7 PD/sqmi. There were 247 housing units at an average density of 282.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.56% White, 0.19% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 1.31% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.

There were 214 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,143, and the median income for a family was $45,833. Males had a median income of $32,054 versus $22,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,288. About 1.4% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Orin D. Haugen, World War II-era Army Colonel
 * John Kenneth Hilliard, acoustical and electrical engineer
 * Chuck Klosterman, journalist
 * Hans Langseth, owner of the longest beard recorded

title: Wyndmere, North Dakota


text:
Belcourt, North Dakota

Belcourt is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rolette County, North Dakota, United States. It is within the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation. The population was 1,510 at the 2020 census.

The community is the seat of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians. Belcourt was originally known as Siipiising, which is Anishinaabe (Chippewa) for "creek that sings with life-giving water." The name refers to what European Americans called "Ox Creek", which flows through the center of town. The town is served by different forms of media, such as KEYA, a tribal radio station that can be found at 88.5 FM; and the Turtle Mountain Times, the tribally owned newspaper that was established in 2003.

History
Belcourt was laid out in 1884. The community was named Belcourt in honour of Georges-Antoine Belcourt,. Father Belcourt was a French Canadian Roman Catholic diocesan priest and missionary who served the Chippewa and Métis throughout his ministry in the mid-nineteenth century. Belcourt advocated politically on the behalf of the Anishinaabeg and Métis in Canada and in the United States until 1859. Father Belcourt described the Chippewa historical territory in the Pembina River basin as covering an area about 400 miles from north to south and 500 miles from east to west.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.0 sqmi, of which 5.8 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (3.36%) is water. It is named after Father Belcourt.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,078 people, 711 households, and 465 families in the city. The population density was 357.8 PD/sqmi. There were 783 housing units at an average density of 134.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 2.6% White, 0.2% African American, 95.8% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 711 households, of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.0% were married couples living together, 30.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.54.

The median age in the city was 27.8 years. 35.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 21.2% were from 45 to 64; and 8.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,440 people, 806 households, and 561 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 417.0 PD/sqmi. There were 856 housing units at an average density of 146.3/sq mi (56.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 3.93% White, 0.12% African American, 95.41% Native American, 0.25% from other races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 806 households, out of which 46.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.5% were married couples living together, 33.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.54.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.6% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $12,880, and the median income for a family was $15,000. Males had a median income of $23,047 versus $17,292 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,432. About 49.6% of families and 53.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 65.3% of those under age 18 and 30.6% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Belcourt has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Education
The local school district is the Belcourt School District (Turtle Mountain Community School).

title: Belcourt, North Dakota


text:
Alingsås Municipality

Alingsås Municipality (Alingsås kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Alingsås.

The present municipality was formed in 1974 then the former City of Alingsås (itself a municipality of unitary type since the subdivision reform of 1971) was amalgamated with Bjärke and Hemsjö.

Location, population
Alingsås is part (together with 12 other municipalities) of the Gothenburg Metropolitan Area with 900,000 inhabitants. As of 31 December 2021 Alingsås Municipality had 41,853 inhabitants, most of which lived in Alingsås city (ca 25,000).

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Alingsås Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 41,777 residents, including 31,871 Swedish citizens of voting age. 49.1% voted for the left coalition and 49.4% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

Sister cities
Alingsås has seven sister cities:
 * Leisi, Estonia
 * Karis, Finland
 * Kartong, Gambia
 * Mont-de-Marsan, France
 * Ocatal, Nicaragua
 * Skedsmo, Norway
 * Tårnby, Denmark

title: Alingsås Municipality


text:
Bengtsfors Municipality

Bengtsfors Municipality (Bengtsfors kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bengtsfors.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 when the former market town (köping) of Bengtsfors (instituted in 1926) was amalgamated with the municipalities of Bäckefors, Lelång and Steneby.

Geography
The municipality has much water areas, consisting of lakes and streams. It makes it a good place for canoeing, fishing and bathing.

Every year a canoeing marathon called Dalslands Kanot Marathon+, or DKM+, is held. It is an enduring 55 km long (a marathon "plus"), stretching through the many municipal streams, and one of Sweden's largest canoeing competitions.

Bengtsfors is also crossed by the Dalsland Canal.

Localities
Localities in the municipality and inhabitants:
 * Bengtsfors (seat), 3,600 inh.
 * Billingsfors, 1,400 inh.
 * Bäckefors, 750 inh.
 * Dals Långed, 1,700 inh.
 * Gustavsfors, 700 inh.
 * Skåpafors, 400 inh.

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Bengtsfors Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 9,389 residents, including 7,070 Swedish citizens of voting age. 46.3% voted for the left coalition and 52.9% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

title: Bengtsfors Municipality


text:
Bollebygd Municipality

Bollebygd Municipality (Bollebygds kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bollebygd.

The municipal reform of 1952 united "old" Bollebygd with Töllsjö. The next reform placed Bollebygd within Borås Municipality from 1974. In 1995 Bollebygd was re-established as a municipality in the borders of 1952.

Localities
Population as of 2011-12-31:
 * Bollebygd 4,170
 * Olsfors 652
 * Töllsjö 347
 * Hultafors 293
 * Rural population 2,894

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Bollebygd Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 9,616 residents, including 7,202 Swedish citizens of voting age. 40.3% voted for the left coalition and 58.5% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

title: Bollebygd Municipality


text:
Borås

Borås is a city (officially, a locality) and the seat of Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 114,445 inhabitants in 2022. It is widely known for being a textile city, home to worldwide brands and companies as well as the prestigious Swedish School of Textiles that makes part of the University of Borås.

Geography
Borås is located at the point of two crossing railways, among them the railway between Gothenburg and Kalmar, and is often considered the Swedish city gaining the most from the nationwide railway system laid between 1870 and 1910.

History
The city of Borås received its privileges in 1621 by King Gustav II Adolf. The reason was to give local pedlars a legal place for vending their merchandise (and for the government the ability to collect taxes on this trade). The city developed soon after it was founded. After a century it had increased to over 2,000 inhabitants. Borås has been ravaged by fires four times: in 1681, 1727, 1822 and 1827. The Caroli church is the oldest of Borås's buildings, and has withstood all fires.

In its 2017 report, Police in Sweden placed the Norrby, Hässleholmen and Hulta districts in the most severe category of urban areas with high crime rates.

In 2021, Borås marked its 400th anniversary.

Industry
The city arms depicts two pairs of sheep shears, a tribute to the vast number of smiths in the town in early history. It currently holds the Swedish record in the number of established mail-order firms.

The company Swedac is based in the city, as well as Ericsson, which has a large manufacturing plant where Mini-Link microwave radios are manufactured. Worldwide clothing retailer H&M have their worldwide Online office based in the city as well.

Outside the city in the industrial park of Viared, there are many companies specializing in logistics. Industries in Borås have close collaboration with the University College of Borås as well as the SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, the largest technical research institute of Sweden, both located in Borås. Besides being the home of the official Swedish Kilogram-weight and the atomic clock that sets the national time, SP conducts various testing and research to promote consumer safety.

Railway
Borås is a railway junction. The Coast-to-Coast Line from Gothenburg to Kalmar runs through the city centre. At the Borås Railway Station it meets the Älvsborg Line (heading north to Herrljunga and Uddevalla) and the Viskadal Line (going south to Varberg). Continuous passenger trains often run through the city along the two latter lines.

As of 2019 SJ runs 3–4 daily trains in each direction between Gothenburg and Kalmar. The regional traffic agency Västtrafik runs frequent trains between Borås and Gothenburg, Herrljunga, and Varberg. All passenger trains stop at Borås railway station. Trains on the northern line to and from Herrljunga also stop at Knalleland halt within the city.

Bus

There are several commuter buses going to both Jönköping and Gothenburg. Approximately 100.000 people commute between Borås and Gothenburg every month.

Sports
The most successful sports team is the football team IF Elfsborg, six times Swedish champions (1936, 1939, 1940,1961, 2006 and 2012) and three times winner of the Swedish Cup (2001, 2003 and 2014). Elfsborg was founded in 1904, but received its current name in 1906. The team's home arena, since 2005, is Borås Arena (formerly Ryavallen Stadium) in Borås, with a capacity of 16000. Elfsborg play in yellow and black.

Other teams are Borås Hockey Club, M7 (a basketball team that worked with Magic Johnson for a short while) and Borås Rhinos which is an American football team.

The table tennis club, Mariedals IK, had three players in the Swedish youth team: Hampus Söderlund, Mattias Översjö and Jimmy Ojakangas.

Other sports that can be practiced in Borås are: archery, track and field, rowing, handball, table tennis, tennis, skiing, orienteering, sport shooting, swimming, golf, equestrian, bowling, cheerleading, floorball and various martial arts. Borås Judoclub has tried to create a national center for judo. Members from the club that have participated in the olympics include Per Kjellin and Lars Adolfsson (who competed twice).

Boråshallen is the largest indoor sports hall in Borås, where the Mariedal cup, an indoor football competition, is held annually in October or November. The competition started in 1978 in its current form.

Borås hosted the water polo events of the XIII FINA World Masters Championships 2010, from 28 July to 6 August.

The city also hosted the 2019 European Athletics U20 Championships.

Other sports clubs located in Borås include:

 * Bergdalens IK
 * Borås AIK

The Rydafältet hosted the motorcycle speedway teams Saxarna in 1951 and Knallarna in 1952. The Ryavallen was the venue for the 1972 and 1973 Speedway World Pairs Championship finals.

Culture

 * Hemvärnets Musikkår Borås – a marching and sitting orchestra
 * Borås kulturskola – School of the Arts (for young people).
 * Borås kulturhus – theater, library, museum of art
 * Borås Tidning – the local newspaper.
 * Textilmuseet – a museum about textile manufacturing and clothes.
 * Borås djurpark – The local zoo. They have successfully raised a number of different animals and even exported lions to other zoos.
 * Åhaga – A renovated building previously used to maintain and repair locomotives. Now used for conferences and concerts.

Every summer, a number of free outdoor concerts are held on the town square on Thursday evenings.

The city has lately been recognized as a city of outdoor sculptures, such as Catafalque by Sean Henry, Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd's knotted non-violence pistol and a huge bronze version of Pinocchio called Walking to Borås by the American pop artist Jim Dine.

During the holiday All Saints' Day, there is an annual gaming convention called Borås Spelkonvent, where people, mostly youths, meet to play various board games, Warhammer 40k and Magic: The Gathering among other games.

Climate
Borås has a humid continental climate, or cold oceanic climate using the −3 °C isotherm, influenced by Atlantic trade winds travelling without major obstacles over the land, with low mean temperatures, compared to coastal areas and the more urban metropolis, Gothenburg, near to the west. Considering it being inland and quite far south, summer temperatures are rather subdued by Swedish standards, whilst winter average highs hover just above freezing. Being inland still enables severe extremes to sometimes occur, such as a 36 C reading from July 1901, the warmest July temperature on record in Götaland until 2022, although not a national record (38 C set on two different June dates and years on other stations). The coldest extreme was set in February 1966 with -34.1 C, a severely cold temperature for southern Sweden.

By Swedish standards, the climate of Borås is very wet, with a precipitation average of above 1100 mm. This is also due to maritime airflows coming from the Atlantic and easily being transported over lowland areas, where the precipitation eventually falls with a slight orographic lift. This renders heavy solid or wet snowfall in winter and the freeze-thaw cycle is normally dominant, with irregular snow cover.

Notable people

 * Johanna Almgren, Swedish footballer
 * Hans Alsér, a world champion of table tennis
 * Christer Björkman, singer and supervisor of Melodifestivalen
 * Camilla Brodin, member of parliament
 * Ingvar Carlsson, former prime minister
 * Magnus Carlsson, pop singer
 * Shirley Clamp, singer
 * AronChupa, singer and DJ
 * Evocation, Swedish Melodic Death Metal band
 * Peter Adolf Hall, painter
 * Birger Martin Hall, Linnaean disciple, botanist and doctor
 * Johan Hallgren, rower
 * Marcus Hansson, 1994 motocross world champion
 * Nils Horner, journalist
 * Ingrid Janbell, actress, director and lecturer
 * Jonas Jerebko, first ever Swedish NBA player
 * Wiktoria Johansson, pop singer
 * Patrik Järbyn, former alpine ski racer
 * Carolina Klüft, heptathlete
 * Ivan Lapanje, professional FIFA player, better known as BorasLegend
 * Martin Lorentzon, founder of Tradedoubler and Spotify.
 * Daniel Norgren, singer-songwriter
 * Tomas Olsson, ski mountaineer
 * Helena Paparizou, Greek-Swedish singer, winner of the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest.
 * Apollo Papathanasio, heavy metal vocalist of Greek descent
 * Kurt Pettersén, an Olympic champion wrestler
 * Hans Rosenfeldt, writer, creator of The Bridge
 * Christoffer Schander, biologist and active science fiction fan
 * Helge Skoog, actor
 * Johan Wiland, Swedish footballer
 * Ola Wong, author, journalist and sinologist
 * Raaban, DJ and music producer

High schools

 * Almåsgymnasiet
 * Bäckängsgymnasiet
 * Sven Eriksonsgymnasiet
 * Viskastrandsgymnasiet
 * Tullengymnasiet
 * Borås Praktiska Gymnasium
 * LBS: High School of Creativity

In popular culture

 * "Borås, Borås" is a song recorded by Knut Agnred. The song is a parody of Theme from New York, New York.
 * "The furies from Borås" is a novel by Swedish horror author Anders Fager. It deals with a group of teenage girls who are members of a cult worshipping a Lovecraftian monstrosity.

title: Borås


text:
Dals-Ed Municipality

Dals-Ed Municipality (Dals-Eds kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden, on the border to Norway. Its seat is located in the town of Ed.

The present municipality was formed during the local government reform of 1952 through the amalgamation of six former units. Its territory was not affected by the 1971 reform.

Locality
There is only one locality with more than 200 inhabitants in the municipality, and that is the seat Ed.

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Dals-Ed Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 4,745 residents, including 3,504 Swedish citizens of voting age. 36.4% voted for the left coalition and 61.8% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

Tourism
Dals-Ed Municipality, located in the historical province of Dalsland, has a united tourism motto for Dalsland, saying that Dalsland, with its population of 50,000, is a place where one will not feel crowded. This is perhaps most fitting for Dals-Ed, as it is the sparsest populated municipality in Västra Götaland County, with 6.7 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality promises a quiet environment. The nature hosts some 400 lakes for bathing, canoeing, fishing or boat tours. There are also several nature reserves, and the northernmost oak woods of Sweden grow in the municipality. In addition, the large Tresticklan National Park is contained within the municipality.

Historically Dals-Ed is rewarding for those interested in the ancient. Some 60 grave fields and burial places are situated here.

title: Dals-Ed Municipality


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Essunga Municipality

Essunga Municipality (Essunga kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Nossebro.

The 1952 municipal reform in Sweden saw the creation of Essunga Municipality out of eight original entities. In 1974 it was dissolved and part of Vara Municipality until 1983, when it was reestablished within the boundaries of 1952. The village of Essunga is a minor settlement just east of Nossebro.

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Essunga Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 5,691 residents, including 4,380 Swedish citizens of voting age. 41.1% voted for the left coalition and 58.0% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

title: Essunga Municipality


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Falköping Municipality

Falköping Municipality (Falköpings kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Falköping.

The present municipality consists of more than 50 original local government units, joined together in two structural reforms carried out in 1952, when the number was reduced to eight, and during the period 1971–1974. In 1971 the former Town of Falköping was made a unitary municipality and three years later amalgamated with the surrounding municipalities.

Localities
The population centres in the municipality include:
 * Åsarp
 * Åsle
 * Falköping (seat)
 * Floby
 * Gudhem
 * Gökhem
 * Kinnarp
 * Kättilstorp
 * Luttra
 * Odensberg
 * Stenstorp
 * Torbjörntorp
 * Vartofta

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Falköping Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 33,225 residents, including 24,879 Swedish citizens of voting age. 45.2% voted for the left coalition and 53.2% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

title: Falköping Municipality


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Färgelanda Municipality

Färgelanda Municipality (Färgelanda kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is in the town of Färgelanda.

The present municipality was formed in 1974 when "old" Färgelanda Municipality (which in 1967 had absorbed Ödeborg) was amalgamated with Högsäter.

Its coat of arms is based on a medieval seal depicting a harrow, symbolizing agriculture.

Localities

 * Färgelanda 2,000 (seat)
 * Högsäter 750
 * Ödeborg 700
 * Stigen 350

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Färgelanda Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 6,577 residents, including 5,021 Swedish citizens of voting age in the municipality. 38.3% voted for the left coalition and 60.5% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

Tourism
The scarcely populated municipalities in the historical province of Dalsland, with a total of 50,000 inhabitants, have a unified tourism information. Färgelanda with its low population is preferring to boast its nature. There are several opportunities for fishing, and Ellenösjön is a popular lake for pikeperch fishing. The nature reserve in Kroppefjäll offers walking lines and a mountainous nature. There is canoeing and swimming in the many lakes and streams.

Färgelanda also has an old and well-preserved ancient history. Rock carvings in Ödeborg are located by Brötegården Museum; furthermore there are some 140 grave fields from the Iron Age scattered in the municipality. Something in between a museum and a folk museum is Ödeborg's Fornsal, with more than 6,000 objects gathered from Dalsland in the last millennia.

title: Färgelanda Municipality


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Grästorp Municipality

Grästorp Municipality (Grästorps kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Grästorp.

Grästorp Municipality is located right in the middle of Västra Götaland County, by the shores of Lake Vänern.

History
In the year 1900 the village Grästorp was detached from Tengene and made a market town (köping). The local government reform of 1952 amalgamated it with twelve surrounding municipalities (among them Tengene). The 1971 reform made the term köping obsolete, thus forming Grästorps kommun without amendment of territory.

The area has been inhabited at least since the Viking Age as it contains several runestones. The runestone at the church at Sal has an inscription that reads "Torgård satte denna sten efter Toke, sin frände", meaning "Torgård raised this stone for Toke, his kinsman".

Localities
The seat Grästorp (pop. 3,000) is the only built-up locality with more than 200 inhabitants in this predominantly rural area.

Demographics
This is a demographic table based on Grästorp Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.

In total there were 5,727 residents, including 4,530 Swedish citizens of voting age. 39.2% voted for the left coalition and 59.5% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.

title: Grästorp Municipality