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Talk:Primal Scream

In Popular Culture
I'm certain that most songs on [Cindy Crawford - Shape Your Body Workout] were performed by Primal Scream. I can't find definitive proof though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Browncol (talk • contribs) 02:20, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

Name
They take their name from The Primal Scream, no? --KQ 01:36 Oct 17, 2002 (UTC)

Im pretty certain that's correct DAylen 00:08, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Or at least to the common name for primal therapy. Se below. // habj 20:38, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

In an an interview published in the October 2008 edition of Q magazine, Bobby Gillespie said that the band's name came from the title song of The Fall's debut album Live At The Witch Trials. "It's all shite...We got the name from the first Fall album...It sounded like a great name for a band."

Sameoldcabbage (talk) 19:45, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

"which was effectively the melodic template for most indie music for the next decade"
Quite a bold statement. I've altered it slightly.

"Formless, loud guitar-based sound"
I'm not at all sure about the following sentence:

"the band began as a psychedelic rock group, with a formless, loud, guitar-based sound influenced by the primal scream therapy theory (which also gave the band its name). The music was intended to be somewhat instinctual and primal in nature."

All of the early stuff that I've heard is jangly indie pop, and I was always under the impression that the name was somewhat ironic - can anyone back up this sentence?--Michig 09:50, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

No disagreements so changing this section. There was an earlier, totally unrelated band called Primal Scream who were loud and guitar-based - maybe this is where this idea came from.--Michig 19:14, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Ok - I've just found a reference to their early pre-recording phase, so adding something back in about this. --Michig 19:26, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Primary topic - page move?
Primal scream leads me here, which makes me a bit surprised. To us who have not idea about this particular musical group, "primal scream" is the most wellknown component of primal therapy, sometimes (allegedly wrongly) called "primal scream therapy". This is undoubtedly the source of the name of the group. A google search shows a vast majority of hits for this group, but then internet content is clearly biased towards modern musical groups and against therapies popular in the 70s. It is not clear to me that this band is the primary meaning of "primal scream", and it would make more sense to me to move the disambig page here and give this article a bracketed addition in the title. If that isn't done, at least the lower-case primal scream should redirect to primal therapy. // habj 20:38, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's necessary to move this page, and I do feel that the group are the most likely target - the disambig at the top of the page should be sufficient. Primal therapy is the correct term for the therapy, rather than primal scream, and since we should be encylopaedic, articles should appear under the correct titles. --Michig 19:24, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

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The Orchard
They may have burned the master tapes of "The Orchard" but it was included on a bootleg album in the 90s. It featured a female singer (no idea who she was), and the tune was later recycled, although I can't remember for which song. --Michig (talk) 22:13, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
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Lineup timeline
This article is sorely lacking a clear list of who was in the band and from what dates. --kingboyk (talk) 14:23, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

"Rock" in the genre infobox
Do we really have to have "rock" in the template? I think the bands' rock music style is already covered by "alternative rock, psychedelic rock and experimental rock" classifications which are also in the infobox, so it seems a bit unnecessary to keep over-general "rock music" identification in the template. Myxomatosis75 (talk) 17:34, 10 December 2012 (UTC)

Debbie Googe - past member?
I notice that Debbie Googe is listed as a past member, but I am unable to find anything either in this article or elsewhere suggesting that she has left - am I missing something obvious or is this a mistake? --Robrob42 (talk) 21:37, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

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'First recordings' section
"Stuart May was replaced by Paul Harte.."

which is fine, but a couple of paragraphs later:

"May was subsequently dismissed.."

It makes it sound at least possible that Harte was a temporary replacement while May took time out, but the 'Timeline' section doesn't support that. Presumably the second phrase ought to precede the first, as part of something of a rewrite? Harfarhs (talk) 20:42, 19 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Primal Scream


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Wrigley, Northwest Territories

Wrigley (South Slavey language: Pehdzeh Ki "clay place") is a "Designated Authority" in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The Slavey Dene community is located on the east bank of the Mackenzie River, just below its confluence with the Wrigley River and about 466 mi northwest of Yellowknife.

Originally situated at Fort Wrigley, 16 km downstream, the community relocated to its present location in 1965, in part because it was more easily accessible due to the World War II era Wrigley Airport built for the Canol Project and also due to the swampy nature of the land around Fort Wrigley. Today the community can be reached via the Mackenzie Highway. The population continues to maintain a traditional lifestyle, trapping, hunting, and fishing.

The community was named for Joseph Wrigley who was the Hudson's Bay Company Chief Commissioner for British North America (1884–1891).

The Franklin Mountains, which are also on the east bank of the Mackenzie River, overlook the community. Cap Mountain, 1228 m, is the highest peak in the range and is within walking distance of the community. Although not as well known as the Rabbitkettle Hot Springs the Roche qui trempe a l’eau sulphur springs are located downstream of Wrigley.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Wrigley had a population of $117$ living in $42$ of its $63$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $119$. With a land area of 53.93 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The majority of its 2016 population (110 people) is First Nations and the predominant languages are North and South Slavey and English.

First Nations
The Dene of the community are represented by the Pehdzeh Ki First Nation and belong to the Dehcho First Nations. The last of the Numbered Treaties, Treaty 11, was signed here 13 July 1921. At that time the Headman was paid $22 and $12 for everybody else.

Services
The community has one store, a health centre and a two-person Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment.

Education
The community has a K-9 school, Chief Julian Yendo School with an enrolment of 24 as of 2018. After completion of grade 9 students go to the Thomas Simpson Secondary School in Fort Simpson.

Climate
Wrigley has a continental subarctic climate (Dfc). The area combines mild to warm, short summers with long and very cold winters. The differences between the coldest and warmest month are rather extreme even by continental standards, with the January high being -21 C and the July high being 23 C according to Environment Canada. Transitional seasons are rather short.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wrigley, Northwest Territories


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The High Priestess

The High Priestess (II) is the second Major Arcana card in cartomantic Tarot decks. It is based on the 2nd trump of Tarot card packs. In the first Tarot pack with inscriptions, the 18th-century woodcut Tarot de Marseilles, this figure is crowned with the Papal tiara and labelled La Papesse, the Popess, a possible reference to the legend of Pope Joan.

In the creation of the Rider–Waite Tarot deck, the Popess of the playing card packs was changed into The High Priestess of cartomantic cards. She wears a crown similar to the one used by the goddess Hathor, and is depicted with Marian imagery. A. E. Waite, the co-creator of the Rider–Waite deck, speculated that the card was connected to the ancient cult of Astarte or Mary as a representation of the Mother goddess.

La Papesse
This Tarot card was originally called La Papesse, or "The Popess". Some of the cards directly linked the woman on the cards to the papacy by showing the woman wearing a triregnum or Papal Tiara. There are also some modern versions of the Tarot of Marseilles which include the keys to the kingdom that are a traditional symbol of the papacy. In Protestant post-reformation countries, Tarot cards in particular used images of the legendary Pope Joan, linking in to the mythology of how Joan, disguised as a man, was elected to the papacy and was only supposedly discovered to be a woman when she gave birth.

Other variants
In the Rider–Waite Tarot, illustrated by Pamela Coleman Smith, the Popess was changed into The High Priestess sitting between the pillars of Boaz and Jachin (which has a particular meaning to Freemasonry). She wears a crown similar to the Egyptian goddess Hathor and is depicted with the Marian imagery of a blue mantle and the moon at her feet. A. E. Waite, the co-creator of the Rider–Waite deck, dismissed the idea that the card originally depicted Pope Joan and speculated that it was instead connected to the ancient cult of Astarte.

Other variants that came after Rider–Waite are the Virgin Mary, Isis, the metaphorical Bride of Christ or Holy Mother Church. In Swiss Troccas decks, she is called Junon ("Juno"), the Roman Queen of the Gods. The "Flemish Deck" by Vandenborre (c. 1750-1760) refers to this card as Le Espagnol Capitano Eracasse ("The Spanish Captain Fracasse"), after a version of Il Capitano, a character from Commedia dell'Arte.

Sister Manfreda

La Papessa in the Visconti-Sforza Tarot has been identified as a depiction of Sister Manfreda, an Umiliata nun and a relative of the Visconti family who was elected Pope by the heretical Guglielmite sect of Lombardy. In The Tarot Cards Painted by Bonifacio Bembo, Gertrude Moakley writes:

"Their leader, Guglielma of Bohemia, had died in Milan in 1281. The most enthusiastic of her followers believed that she was the incarnation of the Holy Spirit, sent to inaugurate the new age of the Spirit prophesied by Joachim of Flora. They believed that Guglielma would return to earth on the Feast of Pentecost in the year 1300, and that the male dominated Papacy would then pass away, yielding to a line of female Popes. In preparation for this event they elected Sister Manfreda the first of the Popesses, and several wealthy families of Lombardy provided at great cost the sacred vessels they expected her to use when she said Mass in Rome at the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore. Naturally, the Inquisition exterminated this new sect, and the "Popess" was burned at the stake in the autumn of 1300. Later the Inquisition proceeded against Matteo Visconti, the first Duke of Milan [sic], for his very slight connections with the sect."

This identification has been supported by other Tarot historians, such as Michael Dummett in his book The Visconti-Sforza Tarot Cards.

Rider–Waite symbolism
In the Rider–Waite–Smith tarot, the basis for many modern tarot decks, The High Priestess is identified with the Shekhinah, the female indwelling presence of the divine. She wears plain blue robes and sits with her hands in her lap. She has a lunar crescent at her feet, "a horned diadem on her head, with a globe in the middle place" similar to the crown of the ancient Egyptian goddess Hathor, but with the horns having a shape more like half-crescents, and a large cross on her breast, the balance between the four elements: fire, water, earth, and air. The scroll in her hands, partly covered by her mantle, bears the letters TORA (meaning "divine law"), that symbolizes the memory we carry inside about the past, present and future, named Akasha. She is seated between the white and black pillars—'J' and 'B' for Jachin and Boaz—of the mystic Temple of Solomon. The veil of the Temple is behind her: it is embroidered with palm leaves (male) and pomegranates (female), growing on a tree shaped like the Tree of Life.

The motif that hangs behind the High Priestess’s throne, veiling whatever mysteries she guards, is suggested in the pattern of The Empress' gown. The two are sisters, one bringing life into the world, the other inviting the living to the esoteric mysteries. Further behind appears a body of water, likely the sea, with water flowing through most cards of the Rider–Waite–Smith tarot.

Tarot of Marseilles symbolism
In the Tarot of Marseilles it is noticeable that she wears a blue cape and red robe, in contrast to The Pope, wearing a red cape and blue robe.

Interpretation
The modern interpretation of the High Priestess represents the unknown, mystery, intuition, spiritual knowledge, and the subconscious mind. She is an esoteric figure, unlike The Hierophant. Reversed, the High Priestess can be interpreted as secrecy and disconnection from your intuition.

According to A. E. Waite's 1910 book The Pictorial Key to the Tarot, the High Priestess card is associated with:

"Secrets, mystery, the future as yet unrevealed; the woman who interests the Querent, if male; the Querent herself, if female; silence, tenacity; mystery, wisdom, science. Reversed: Passion, moral or physical ardor, conceit, surface knowledge."

In astrology, the High Priestess's primary correspondence is to the Moon. On the Tree of Life, she is on the path leading from Kether to Tiphareth.

title: The High Priestess


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Talk:Aaron Burr

Memes have taken over this article
Is there anything we can to do to stop the Twitter onslaught, or do we just delete every single sill meme added? Phineas1500 We can possibly ask them to stop (Unless its a political cartoon). If not, then we could do this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by H0meIzWher3TheFamilyIs (talk • contribs) 21:04, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

Theodosia Burr Alston
Linked Theodosia (daughter) to her Wiki page

Article is locked, but have a popular culture addition.
Burr appears in the 1994 mystery/thriller novel The High Constable by Maan Meyers.
 * Though this is a good mention of the influence of Aaron Burr in pop culture, however perhaps more information should be provided and I don't see a cited source.

Category:Jefferson administration cabinet members
As vice-president Burr was not a member of the cabinet. I have removed that category. Creuzbourg (talk) 15:48, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aaron Burr


text:
The Pictorial Key to the Tarot

The Pictorial Key to the Tarot is a divinatory tarot guide, with text by A. E. Waite and illustrations by Pamela Colman Smith. Published in conjunction with the Rider–Waite tarot deck, the pictorial version (released 1910, dated 1911) followed the success of the deck and Waite's (unillustrated 1909) text The Key to the Tarot. Both Waite and Smith were members of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Waite was very concerned with the accuracy of the symbols used for the deck, and he did much research into the traditions, interpretations, and history behind the cards.

The book (which Waite himself called "a monograph") consists of three parts.
 * 1) Part I, "The Veil and Its Symbols", is a short overview of the traditional symbols associated with each card, followed by a history of the Tarot. Waite dismissed as baseless the belief that the Tarot was Egyptian in origin, and noted that no evidence of the cards exists prior to the 15th century.
 * 2) Part II, "The Doctrine of the Veil", contains 78 black and white plates of Smith's illustrations for the Rider–Waite deck, and a discussion of the unique symbols chosen for each card. Waite drew upon the earlier Tarot of French occultist Eliphas Levi, at times retaining his changes to the traditional deck (as with the Chariot card, which both Waite and Levi picture being drawn by two sphinx, instead of horses), at other times criticizing him (as with the Hermit card, which Waite thought Levi misinterpreted).
 * 3) Part III, "The Outer Methods of the Oracles", concerns matters of divination with the cards, including a description of the famous Celtic Cross Tarot layout, which the book helped popularize.

In 1918, American author L. W. de Laurence published an exact facsimile copy of the book under the title The Illustrated Key to the Tarot: The Veil of Divination, Illustrating the Greater and Lesser Arcana without giving any credit to Waite or Smith.

title: The Pictorial Key to the Tarot


text:
User talk:Mgmei

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mgmei


text:
User:Paul Barlow

Hi there, I'm a terrible Wikipedia addict with a rather eccentric list of interests. By education and expertise I am a Victorianist and a specialist in art, but my main interests here are in the history of scholarly theories in religion, literature and ethnology. Hence I tend to contribute to articles about the history of racial theories, religious ideologies and – especially – any stuff that combines the two. I'm also a big fan of Shakespeare.

 I award you this BarnStar© for your edits to Dravidian race. Wish you continue with the same spirit. -- Sundar 04:49, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

 I award you this second BarnStar© for your edits to the Nilus image for Velikoe v malom i antikhrist. And I also wish you continue with the same spirit, making Wikipedia the ultimate encyclopedia!Ludvikus 00:33, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Beautiful people
Erin Newstead Hannah Newstead Meg Makepeace Shelagh Wilson Theresia van der Mey ,

title: User:Paul Barlow


text:
Jared Diamond

Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American scientist, historian, and author. In 1985 he received a MacArthur Genius Grant, and he has written hundreds of scientific and popular articles and books. His best known is Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997), which received multiple awards including the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction. In 2005, Diamond was ranked ninth on a poll by Prospect and Foreign Policy of the world's top 100 public intellectuals.

Originally trained in biochemistry and physiology, Diamond has published in many fields, including anthropology, ecology, geography, and evolutionary biology. In 1999, he received the National Medal of Science, an honor bestowed by the President of the United States and the National Science Foundation. As of 2024, he is a professor of geography at UCLA.

Early life and education
Diamond was born on September 10, 1937 in Boston, Massachusetts. His parents were both Eastern European Jewish immigrants. His father, Louis Diamond, was a physician who emigrated from Chișinău in present-day Moldova, then known as Bessarabia. His mother, Flora Kaplan, was a teacher, linguist, and concert pianist. Diamond began studying piano at age six; years later, he would propose to his wife after playing Brahms' Intermezzo in A major for her.

By the age of seven he developed an interest in birdwatching. This became one of his major life passions and resulted in a number of works published in ornithology.

He attended the Roxbury Latin School and studied biochemical sciences at Harvard College, graduating in 1958. He later studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated from Cambridge with a Ph.D. in 1961; his thesis was on the physiology and biophysics of membranes in the gallbladder.

Career
After graduation from Cambridge, Diamond returned to Harvard as a Junior Fellow until 1965, and, in 1968, became a professor of physiology at UCLA Medical School. While in his twenties he developed a second, parallel, career in ornithology and ecology, specialising in New Guinea and nearby islands, which he began visiting from 1964. Later, in his fifties, Diamond developed a third career in environmental history and became a professor of geography at UCLA, his position. He also teaches at LUISS Guido Carli in Rome. He is a lecturer on the biodiversity management course at the European Institute of Innovation for Sustainability (EIIS) in Rome. He won the National Medal of Science in 1999. He has been invited to give two TED talks, "Why do societies collapse" (2008), and "How societies can grow old better (2013).

Diamond originally specialized in salt absorption in the gall bladder. He has also published scholarly works in the fields of ecology and ornithology, but is arguably best known for authoring a number of popular science and history books combining topics from diverse fields other than those he has formally studied. Because of this academic diversity, Diamond has been described as a polymath.

Selected popular works
Diamond has written scores of academic peer-reviewed articles for publications such as the scientific journal Nature. He has also written scores of popular science articles in publications such as Discover, as well as several bestselling popular books, notably The Third Chimpanzee (1991); Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997, awarded a Pulitzer Prize); Collapse (2005), The World Until Yesterday (2012), and Upheaval (2019). For a full list, see .

The Third Chimpanzee (1991)
Diamond's first popular book, The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (1991), examines human evolution and its relevance to the modern world, incorporating evidence from anthropology, evolutionary biology, genetics, ecology, and linguistics. The book traces how humans evolved to be so different from other animals, despite sharing over 98% of our DNA with our closest animal relatives, the chimpanzees. The book also examines the animal origins of language, art, agriculture, smoking and drug use, and other apparently uniquely human attributes. It was well received by critics and won the 1992 Rhône-Poulenc Prize for Science Books and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize.

Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997)
His second and best known popular science book, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, was published in 1997. It asks why Eurasian peoples conquered or displaced Native Americans, Australians, and Africans, instead of vice versa. It argues that this outcome was not due to genetic advantages of Eurasian peoples themselves but instead to features of the Eurasian continent, in particular, its high diversity of wild plant and animal species suitable for domestication and its east/west major axis that favored the spread of those domesticates, people, technologies—and diseases—for long distances with little change in latitude.

The first part of the book focuses on reasons why only a few species of wild plants and animals proved suitable for domestication. The second part discusses how local food production based on those domesticates led to the development of dense and stratified human populations, writing, centralized political organization, and epidemic infectious diseases. The third part compares the development of food production and of human societies among different continents and world regions. Guns, Germs, and Steel became an international best-seller, was translated into 33 languages, and received several awards, including a Pulitzer Prize, an Aventis Prize for Science Books and the 1997 Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science. A television documentary series based on the book was produced by the National Geographic Society in 2005.

The book is controversial among anthropologists.

Why is Sex Fun? (1997)
In his third book, Why is Sex Fun?, also published in 1997, Diamond discusses evolutionary factors underlying features of human sexuality that are generally taken for granted but that are highly unusual among our animal relatives. Those features include a long-term pair relationship (marriage), coexistence of economically cooperating pairs within a shared communal territory, provision of parental care by fathers as well as by mothers, having sex in private rather than in public, concealed ovulation, female sexual receptivity encompassing most of the menstrual cycle (including days of infertility), female menopause, and distinctive secondary sexual characteristics.

Collapse (2005)
Diamond's next book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, published in 2005, examines a range of past societies in an attempt to identify why they either collapsed or continued to thrive and considers what contemporary societies can learn from these historical examples. As in Guns, Germs, and Steel, he argues against explanations for the failure of past societies based primarily on cultural factors, instead focusing on ecology. Among the societies mentioned in the book are the Norse and Inuit of Greenland, the Maya, the Anasazi, the indigenous people of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Japan, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and modern Montana.

The book concludes by asking why some societies make disastrous decisions, how big businesses affect the environment, what our principal environmental problems are today, and what individuals can do about those problems. Like Guns, Germs, and Steel, Collapse was translated into dozens of languages, became an international best-seller, and was the basis of a television documentary produced by the National Geographic Society. Collapse was also nominated for the Royal Society Prize for Science Books. When it was nominated, Diamond was the only author to have won the award twice previously, though he did not win a third time.

Fifteen archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, and historians from the American Anthropological Association criticized Diamond's methods and conclusions, working together with the larger association to publish the book Questioning Collapse as a counter to Diamond's claims. In response, Diamond, as an editor at the time for the journal Nature, published an official review in the journal negatively covering the book, without mentioning that the book was a critique of his own work. The authors and the publisher, Cambridge University Press, called out Diamond for his conflict of interest on the subject.

"Vengeance is Ours" controversy (2008)
In 2008, Diamond published an article in The New Yorker entitled "Vengeance Is Ours", describing the role of revenge in tribal warfare in Papua New Guinea. A year later, two indigenous people mentioned in the article filed a lawsuit against Diamond and The New Yorker, claiming the article defamed them. In 2013, The Observer reported that the lawsuit "was withdrawn by mutual consent after the sudden death of their lawyer."

Natural Experiments of History (2010)
In 2010, Diamond co-edited (with James Robinson) Natural Experiments of History, a collection of seven case studies illustrating the multidisciplinary and comparative approach to the study of history that he advocates. The book's title stems from the fact that it is not possible to study history by the preferred methods of the laboratory sciences, i.e., by controlled experiments comparing replicated human societies as if they were test tubes of bacteria. Instead, one must look at natural experiments in which human societies that are similar in many respects have been historically perturbed. The book's afterword classifies natural experiments, discusses the practical difficulties of studying them, and offers suggestions on how to address those difficulties.

The World Until Yesterday (2012)
In The World Until Yesterday, published in 2012, Diamond asks what the western world can learn from traditional societies. It surveys 39 traditional small-scale societies of farmers and hunter-gatherers with respect to how they deal with universal human problems. The problems discussed include dividing space, resolving disputes, bringing up children, treatment of elders, dealing with dangers, formulating religions, learning multiple languages, and remaining healthy. The book suggests that some practices of traditional societies could be usefully adopted in the modern industrial world today, either by individuals or else by society as a whole.

Upheaval (2019)
In Upheaval: How Nations Cope with Crisis and Change Diamond examines whether nations can find lessons during crises in a way like people do. The nations considered are Finland, Japan, Chile, Indonesia, Germany, Australia, and the U.S. Diamond identifies four modern threats: nuclear weapons, climate change, limited resources, and extreme inequality.

Anand Giridharadas, reviewing for The New York Times, claimed the book contained many factual inaccuracies. Daniel Immerwahr, reviewing for The New Republic, reports that Diamond has "jettisoned statistical analysis" and the associated rigour, even by the standards of his earlier books, which have themselves sometimes been challenged on this basis.

Personal life
Diamond is married to Marie Cohen, granddaughter of Polish politician Edward Werner. They have twin sons, born in 1987. Although Diamond is a non practicing Jew and has described religion as irrational, he and his wife attend High Holiday services.

Reception
While Diamond's writings have received considerable praise, they are controversial among anthropologists, with his argumentation having been described as "shallow", with criticism suggesting that Diamond overemphasises the importance of environmental factors like geography and climate over other influences.

Selected memberships

 * Editorial board of Skeptic, a magazine of The Skeptics Society
 * Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 * Member of the National Academy of Sciences
 * Member of the American Philosophical Society
 * Board of Directors of the World Wildlife Fund

Selected honors

 * 1992 Tanner Lecturer, University of Utah
 * 1992 Rhône-Poulenc Prize for Science Books for The Third Chimpanzee
 * 1997 Phi Beta Kappa Science Book Prize for Guns, Germs and Steel
 * 1998 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for Guns, Germs and Steel
 * 1998 California Book Awards, Gold Medal in nonfiction for Guns, Germs and Steel
 * 1998 Aventis Prize for Science Books for Guns, Germs and Steel
 * 1998 International Cosmos Prize
 * 1999 Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction
 * 1999 National Medal of Science
 * 2001 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement
 * 2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science
 * 2004 A foreign holder of honorary title of Academician in Academy of Finland
 * 2005 Elected Honorary Fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, England
 * 2006 Royal Society Prize for Science Books for Collapse (shortlisted)
 * 2006 Dickson Prize in Science
 * 2008 PhD Honoris Causa at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
 * 2013 Wolf Prize in Agriculture
 * 2016 American Humanist Association Humanist of the Year

Eastern long-beaked echidna Zaglossus bartoni diamondi was named in honor of Jared Diamond, as was the frog Austrochaperina adamantina.

Selected bibliography

 * 1992: The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (ISBN 0-06-098403-1-)
 * 1993: "Ten Thousand Years of Solitude"  Discover Magazine; March 1993
 * 1997: Why Is Sex Fun? (ISBN 0-465-03127-7)
 * 1997: Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (ISBN 978-0-099-30278-0). Also published with the title Guns, germs and steel: A short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years (ISBN 978-0099302780)
 * 2005: Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (ISBN 978-0241958681)
 * 2010: Natural Experiments of History, with James A. Robinson (ISBN 0-674-03557-7)
 * 2012: The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies? (ISBN 978-0141024486)
 * 2015: The Third Chimpanzee for Young People: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal (ISBN 9781609806118)
 * 2019: Upheaval: How Nations Cope with Crisis and Change (ISBN 978-0316409131)

title: Jared Diamond


text:
Talk:Minor Arcana

Wishlist
It'd be nice if someone would write up descriptions of each card of the Minor Arcana as we've got for the Major Arcana, and what they "mean" if that's possible. Rob 13:12, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

 * very much agreed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Don Leon (talk • contribs) 06:58, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Individual Minor Arcana cards
I´ve uploaded those cards to wikimedia commons and I´m creating the individual links to set a basis so we can improve that later. Ok? - Don León Cavalero — Preceding undated comment added 06:58, 24 July 2006

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Major Arcana which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 01:16, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

this article cover only one type of minor arcana
i personally saw at least six different types of tarot decks and in this article there are only the photos from a specific one without explanations. 1- there are minor arcana with, Latin, French and Even German suits. 2- the use of pentacles in place of Coins and wands in place of batons is restricted specifically to some Esoteric tarot decks mainly from the English speaking world. in traditional tarots the standard Latin suits are used. 2001:B07:6456:BB1D:343E:EC3A:E0AB:73C1 (talk) 18:11, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

 * You may be confusing divination tarot packs with card playing tarot packs. AFAIK packs with French suits are made solely for playing card games and there are no German-suited tarot packs at all; With a couple of exceptions, traditional Latin-suited tarot packs are also used purely for games. You are right that only one pack is illustrated, but it is a common one and probably all that's needed.
 * BTW card players never refer to the "minor arcana", but to "plain suits" or "side suits"; "minor arcana" is purely a fortune telling term invented by Pitois, alias Paul Christian. If I can locate its origin in the sources, I'll add it to the article. Bermicourt (talk) 18:42, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Minor Arcana


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Pollinator

A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains.

Insects are the major pollinators of most plants, and insect pollinators include all families of bees and most families of aculeate wasps; ants; many families of flies; many lepidopterans (both butterflies and moths); and many families of beetles. Vertebrates, mainly bats and birds, but also some non-bat mammals (monkeys, lemurs, possums, rodents) and some lizards pollinate certain plants. Among the pollinating birds are hummingbirds, honeyeaters and sunbirds with long beaks; they pollinate a number of deep-throated flowers. Humans may also carry out artificial pollination.

A pollinator is different from a pollenizer, a plant that is a source of pollen for the pollination process.

Background
Plants fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type of pollinator being attracted. These are characteristics such as: overall flower size, the depth and width of the corolla, the color (including patterns called nectar guides that are visible only in ultraviolet light), the scent, amount of nectar, composition of nectar, etc. For example, birds visit red flowers with long, narrow tubes and much nectar, but are not as strongly attracted to wide flowers with little nectar and copious pollen, which are more attractive to beetles. When these characteristics are experimentally modified (altering colour, size, orientation), pollinator visitation may decline.

Although non-bee pollinators have been seen to be less effective at depositing pollen than bee pollinators one study showed that non-bees made more visits than bees resulting in non-bees performing 38% of visits to crop flowers, outweighing the ineffectiveness of their ability to pollinate.

It has recently been discovered that cycads, which are not flowering plants, are also pollinated by insects. In 2016, researchers showed evidence of pollination occurring underwater, which was previously thought not to happen.

Bees
The most recognized pollinators are the various species of bees, which are plainly adapted to pollination. Bees typically are fuzzy and carry an electrostatic charge. Both features help pollen grains adhere to their bodies, but they also have specialized pollen-carrying structures; in most bees, this takes the form of a structure known as the scopa, which is on the hind legs of most bees, and/or the lower abdomen (e.g., of megachilid bees), made up of thick, plumose setae. Honey bees, bumblebees, and their relatives do not have a scopa, but the hind leg is modified into a structure called the corbicula (also known as the "pollen basket"). Most bees gather nectar, a concentrated energy source, and pollen, which is high protein food, to nurture their young, and transfer some among the flowers as they are working. Euglossine bees pollinate orchids, but these are male bees collecting floral scents rather than females gathering nectar or pollen. Female orchid bees act as pollinators, but of flowers other than orchids. Eusocial bees such as honey bees need an abundant and steady pollen source to multiply.

Honey bees travel from flower to flower, collecting nectar (later converted to honey), and pollen grains. The bee collects the pollen by rubbing against the anthers. The pollen collects on the hind legs, in a structure referred to as a "pollen basket". As the bee flies from flower to flower, some of the pollen grains are transferred onto the stigma of other flowers. Nectar provides the energy for bee nutrition; pollen provides the protein. When bees are rearing large quantities of brood (beekeepers say hives are "building"), bees deliberately gather pollen to meet the nutritional needs of the brood.

Good pollination management seeks to have bees in a "building" state during the bloom period of the crop, thus requiring them to gather pollen, and making them more efficient pollinators. Thus, the management techniques of a beekeeper providing pollination services are different from, and to some extent in tension with, those of a beekeeper who is trying to produce honey. Millions of hives of honey bees are contracted out as pollinators by beekeepers, and honey bees are by far the most important commercial pollinating agents, but many other kinds of pollinators, from blue bottle flies, to bumblebees, orchard mason bees, and leaf cutter bees are cultured and sold for managed pollination.

Other species of bees differ in various details of their behavior and pollen-gathering habits, and honey bees are not native to the Western Hemisphere; all pollination of native plants in the Americas and Australia historically has been performed by various native bees. It has also been found that non-native plants may have positive effects on native bee pollinators while also influencing their foraging patterns and bee–plant networks.

Butterflies and moths
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) may also pollinate to various degrees. They are not major pollinators of food crops, but various moths are important pollinators of other commercial crops such as tobacco. Pollination by certain moths may be important, however, or even crucial, for some wildflowers mutually adapted to specialist pollinators. Spectacular examples include orchids such as Angraecum sesquipedale, dependent on a particular hawk moth, Morgan's sphinx. Yucca species provide other examples, being fertilised in elaborate ecological interactions with particular species of yucca moths.

Flies
Many bee flies, and some Tabanidae and Nemestrinidae are particularly adapted to pollinating fynbos and Karoo plants with narrow, deep corolla tubes, such as Lapeirousia species. Part of the adaptation takes the form of remarkably long probosces. This also applies to empidine dance flies (Empidinae) that visit a wide range of flowering plants, some species of which can pollinate the woodland geranium (Geranium sylvaticum L.) as effectively as bees.

Carrion flies and flesh flies in families such as Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae are important for some species of plants whose flowers exude a fetid odor. The plants' ecological strategy varies; several species of Stapelia, for example, attract carrion flies that futilely lay their eggs on the flower, where their larvae promptly starve for lack of carrion. Other species do decay rapidly after ripening, and offer the visiting insects large masses of food, as well as pollen and sometimes seed to carry off when they leave.

Hoverflies are important pollinators of flowering plants worldwide. Often hoverflies are considered to be the second most important pollinators after wild bees. Although hoverflies as a whole are generally considered to be nonselective pollinators, some species have more specialized relationships. The orchid species Epipactis veratrifolia mimics alarm pheromones of aphids to attract hover flies for pollination. Another plant, the slipper orchid in southwest China, also achieves pollination by deceit by exploiting the innate yellow colour preference of syrphids.

Some male dacine fruit flies are exclusive pollinators of some wild Bulbophyllum orchids that lack nectar and have a specific chemical attractant and reward (methyl eugenol, raspberry ketone or zingerone) present in their floral fragrances.

Other insects
Many insects other than bees accomplish pollination by visiting flowers for nectar or pollen, or commonly both. Many do so adventitiously, but the most important pollinators are specialists for at least parts of their life cycles for at least certain functions.

Prominent among Hymenoptera other than bees are predatory aculeate wasps (especially Crabronidae, Sphecidae, Vespidae, and Pompilidae). The term "pollen wasps", in particular, is widely applied to the Masarinae, a subfamily of the Vespidae; they are remarkable among solitary wasps in that they specialise in gathering pollen for feeding their larvae, carried internally and regurgitated into a mud chamber prior to oviposition. Also, males of many species of bees and wasps, though they do not gather pollen, rely on flowers as sources of energy (in the form of nectar) and also as territories for meeting fertile females that visit the flowers.

Some Diptera (flies) may be the main pollinators at higher elevations of mountains, whereas bumblebee species are typically the only other pollinators in alpine regions at timberline and beyond.

Some adult mosquitoes, if they feed on nectar, may act as pollinators; Aedes communis, a species found in North America, is known to pollinate Platanthera obtusata, commonly referred as the blunt-leaved orchid.

Beetles of species that specialise in eating pollen, nectar, or flowers themselves, may be important cross-pollinators of some plants such as members of the Araceae and Zamiaceae, that produce prodigious amounts of pollen. Others, for example the Hopliini, specialise on flowers of Asteraceae and Aizoaceae.

Minute midges and flower-thrips can occur in vast numbers, moving between flowers and plant individuals, enabling some species to contribute to the pollination of tree-crops such as cacao, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae) and elderflower Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae). Ants also pollinate some kinds of flowers, but for the most part they are parasites, consuming nectar and/or pollen without conveying useful amounts of pollen to a stigma. Other insect orders are rarely pollinators, and then typically only incidentally (e.g., Hemiptera such as Anthocoridae and Miridae).

A strategy of great biological interest is that of sexual deception, where plants, generally orchids, produce remarkably complex combinations of pheromonal attractants and physical mimicry that induce male bees or wasps to attempt to mate with them, conveying pollinia in the process. Examples are known from all continents apart from Antarctica, though Australia appears to be exceptionally rich in examples.

Whole groups of plants, such as certain fynbos Moraea and Erica species produce flowers on sticky peduncles or with sticky corolla tubes that only permit access to flying pollinators, whether bird, bat, or insect.

Other invertebrates
Experimental evidence has shown invertebrates (mostly small crustaceans ) acting as pollinators in underwater environments. Beds of seagrass have been shown to reproduce this way in the absence of currents. It is not yet known how important invertebrate pollinators might be for other species. Later, Idotea balthica was discovered to help Gracilaria gracilis reproduce – the first known case of an animal helping algae reproduce.

Vertebrates
Bats are important pollinators of some tropical flowers, visiting to take nectar. Birds, particularly hummingbirds, honeyeaters and sunbirds also accomplish much pollination, especially of deep-throated flowers. Other vertebrates, such as kinkajous, monkeys, lemurs, possums, rodents and lizards have been recorded pollinating some plants.

Humans can be pollinators, as many gardeners have discovered that they must hand pollinate garden vegetables, whether because of pollinator decline or simply to keep a strain genetically pure. This can involve using a small brush or cotton swab to move pollen, or to simply tap or shake tomato blossoms to release the pollen for the self-pollinating flowers. Tomato blossoms are self-fertile, but (with the exception of potato-leaf varieties) have the pollen inside the anther, and the flower requires shaking to release the pollen through pores. This can be done by wind, by humans, or by a sonicating bee (one that vibrates its wing muscles while perched on the flower), such as a bumblebee. Sonicating bees are extremely efficient pollinators of tomatoes, and colonies of bumblebees are quickly replacing humans as the primary pollinators for greenhouse tomatoes.

Floral and non-floral resources
Pollinators require a variety of resources. Most native bees in North America are solitary, ground-nesting species that collect a variety of natural resources including pollen, nectar, leaves, petals and resins to be used as sources of food, supplies for their larva, or nest linings. Floral diet diversity has been seen to increase immunocompetence levels in honeybees (Apis mellifera) where diets that consisted of a wide variety of flowering species induced higher glucose oxidase activity, which honeybees' produce to sterilize their colony. More than 30% of global bee species depend on non-floral resources for nest building, protection, health, pest resistance, and alternative food sources. Non-floral resources include leaves, soil, plant resins and secretions, and are often provided by woody-vegetation.

Pollinator population declines and conservation
Pollinators provide a key ecosystem service vital to the maintenance of both wild and agricultural plant communities. In 1999 the Convention on Biological Diversity issued the São Paulo Declaration on Pollinators, recognizing the critical role that these species play in supporting and maintaining terrestrial productivity as well as the survival challenges they face due to anthropogenic change. Today pollinators are considered to be in a state of decline; some species, such as Franklin's bumble bee (Bombus franklini) have been red-listed and are in danger of extinction. Although managed bee hives are increasing worldwide, these can not compensate for the loss of wild pollinators in many locations.

A 2017 report done for the Center of Biological Diversity utilized data documented in the United States on native bee species and found that nearly 1 in 4 (347 species of 1,437 species) is imperiled and at increasing risk of extinction. More than half of the native bee species is in decline and 40% of global insect pollinators (primarily native bees) are highly threatened.

Declines in the health and population of pollinators pose what could be a significant threat to the integrity of biodiversity, to global food webs, and to human health. At least 80% of our world's crop species require pollination to set seed. A 2021 study estimated that without pollinators, fertility would be reduced by 80% in half all wild plant species and one-third of all wild plant species would fail to produce any seeds at all.

An estimated one out of every three bites of food comes to us through the work of animal pollinators. The quality of pollinator service has declined over time and this had led to concerns that pollination will be less resistant to extinction in the future.

A 2022 study concludes that the decline of pollinator populations is responsible for 500,000 early human deaths per year by reducing the supply of healthy foods. A decline of pollinators has caused 3-5% loss of fruits, vegetables and nuts. Lower consumption of these healthy foods translates to 1% of all deaths, according to the authors.

Pesticide usage
Neonicotinoids (Neonics) are a class of synthetic insecticides that are the most widely applied pesticides today due to its water solubility and ability to treat a wide variety of pests. Neonics are highly environmentally persistent, and may contaminate terrestrial and aquatic habitats for as much as six years. Exposed honeybees' (Apis mellifera) have been seen to have lower reproductive output, reduction in nest building or failed to build nests, reduced foraging abilities, and weakened immunity.

Strategy
Researchers are still trying to determine how to scientifically best restore and maintain the diverse pollinator habitats found around the world. Many studies conclude that restoration and conservation are key to maintaining biodiversity and pollinator populations. According to the Kansas National Park Service, native tallgrass prairie was widespread through North America and home to over 300 species of flowering plants. This habitat is crucial to wild pollinators and now only covers 4% of its original 170-million acre range. By restoring wild pollinators natural habitat and maintaining Earth's biodiversity, populations are assumed to increase. In recent times, environmental groups have put pressure on the Environmental Protection Agency to ban neonicotinoids, a type of insecticide.

On June 20, 2014, President Barack Obama issued a presidential memorandum entitled "Creating a Federal Strategy to Promote the Health of Honey Bees and Other Pollinators". The President's memorandum established a Pollinator Health Task Force, to be co-chaired by the Secretary of Agriculture and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. The memorandum stated:

"Pollinators contribute substantially to the economy of the United States and are vital to keeping fruits, nuts, and vegetables in our diets. Honey bee pollination alone adds more than $15 billion in value to agricultural crops each year in the United States. Over the past few decades, there has been a significant loss of pollinators, including honey bees, native bees, birds, bats, and butterflies, from the environment. The problem is serious and requires immediate attention to ensure the sustainability of our food production systems, avoid additional economic impact on the agricultural sector, and protect the health of the environment. Pollinator losses have been severe. The number of migrating Monarch butterflies sank to the lowest recorded population level in 2013-14, and there is an imminent risk of failed migration. The continued loss of commercial honey bee colonies poses a threat to the economic stability of commercial beekeeping and pollination operations in the United States, which could have profound implications for agriculture and food. Severe yearly declines create concern that bee colony losses could reach a point from which the commercial pollination industry would not be able to adequately recover. The loss of native bees, which also play a key role in pollination of crops, is much less studied, but many native bee species are believed to be in decline. Scientists believe that bee losses are likely caused by a combination of stressors, including poor bee nutrition, loss of forage lands, parasites, pathogens, lack of genetic diversity, and exposure to pesticides."

In May 2015, the Pollinator Health Task Force issued a "National Strategy to Promote the Health of Honey Bees and Other Pollinators". The national strategy outlined a comprehensive approach to tackling and reducing the impact of multiple stressors on pollinator health, including pests and pathogens, reduced habitat, lack of nutritional resources, and exposure to pesticides.

The national strategy laid out federal actions to achieve three goals:

"* Honey Bees: Reduce honey bee colony losses during winter (overwintering mortality) to no more than 15% within 10 years.
 * Monarch Butterflies: Increase the Eastern population of the monarch butterfly to 225 million butterflies occupying an area of approximately 15 acres (6 hectares) in the overwintering grounds in Mexico, through domestic/international actions and public-private partnerships, by 2020.
 * Pollinator Habitat Acreage: Restore or enhance 7 million acres of land for pollinators over the next 5 years through Federal actions and public/private partnerships."

Many of the priority projects that the national strategy identified focused on the I-35 corridor, which extends for 1,500 mi from Texas to Minnesota. The area through which that highway travels provides spring and summer breeding habitats in the United States' key monarch migration corridor.

The Pollinator Health Task Force simultaneously issued a "Pollinator Research Action Plan". The Plan outlined five main action areas, covered in ten subject-specific chapters. The action areas were: (1) Setting a Baseline; (2) Assessing Environmental Stressors; (3) Restoring Habitat; (4) Understanding and Supporting Stakeholders; (5) Curating and Sharing Knowledge.

In June 2016, the Task Force issued a "Pollinator Partnership Action Plan". That Plan provided examples of past, ongoing, and possible future collaborations between the federal government and non-federal institutions to support pollinator health under each of the national strategy's goals.

North America
The North American Pollinator Protection Campaign (NAPPC) aims to promote pollinator health across the North America and has organized annual conferences since 1997, creates task forces to implement specific objectives that includes public education and policy research, and is developing strategic plans for conservation that looks to establish partnership between government entities. 11 pollinator-protection agreements have been signed between NAPCC and federal government agencies, responsible for more than 1.5 billion acres of land protections and management.

Europe
Along with the European Green Deal, which contains initiatives that support pollinator populations, the European Union has implemented the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 which includes the EU Pollinators Initiative that sets long-term objectives to reverse pollinator decline in diversity and numbers by 2030. This initiative includes: (1) improving knowledge of pollinator decline, its causes and consequences; (2) tackling the causes of pollinator decline; and (3) raising awareness, engaging society-at-large and promoting collaboration.

South America
The Healthy Hives Latin America 2020 (Salud Apícola 2020 Latinoamérica) program is a collaboration between the Bayer Bee Care Center and the Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, that works alongside local researchers at universities and beekeepers' associations. The program focuses on increasing the number of healthy worker bees and their colonies by monitoring honey bee health and the contributing factors. This includes educating beekeepers and research collaborations to jointly work on honey bee health. Founded in 2015 with a preliminary project in Chile, the program has expanded to Colombia, Argentina, and Costa Rica.

Global
The ‘Coalition of the Willing on Pollinators' (Promote Pollinators) was initiated in 2016 during the Convention on Biological Diversity's Conference of the Parties (CBD COP13) and is a growing alliance of countries and observers who support the notion that country-led politics can lead to policy measures and innovative action to protect pollinators'. Their supporters are growing steadily, in which 30 countries currently participate.

Structure of plant-pollinator networks
Wild pollinators often visit many plant species and plants are visited by many pollinator species. All these relations together form a network of interactions between plants and pollinators. Surprising similarities were found in the structure of networks consisting out of the interactions between plants and pollinators. This structure was found to be similar in very different ecosystems on different continents, consisting of entirely different species.

The structure of plant-pollinator networks may have large consequences for the way in which pollinator communities respond to increasingly harsh conditions. Mathematical models, examining the consequences of this network structure for the stability of pollinator communities suggest that the specific way in which plant-pollinator networks are organized minimizes competition between pollinators and may even lead to strong indirect facilitation between pollinators when conditions are harsh. This allows pollinator species to survive together under harsh conditions. But it also means that pollinator species collapse simultaneously when conditions pass a critical point. This simultaneous collapse occurs, because pollinator species depend on each other when surviving under difficult conditions.

Such a community-wide collapse, involving many pollinator species, can occur suddenly when increasingly harsh conditions pass a critical point and recovery from such a collapse might not be easy. The improvement in conditions needed for pollinators to recover, could be substantially larger than the improvement needed to return to conditions at which the pollinator community collapsed.

title: Pollinator


text:
User talk:Paul Barlow

User talk:Paul Barlow/Archive1 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 2 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 3 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 4 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 5 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 6 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 7 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 8 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 9 user talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 10 User talk:Paul Barlow/Archive 11

Condolence

 * God rest his soul. Bill the Cat 7 (talk) 20:37, 12 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Condolences to his family. I am still stunned. I will miss Paul. Tom Reedy (talk) 13:53, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Me too. Deb (talk) 05:31, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Truly sad news. Condolences to his family. I'll so miss "Paul B" in Talk pages and edit summaries. Xover (talk) 21:09, 15 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Another 'quick bright one' devoured. Sit tibi terra levis. Nishidani (talk) 16:24, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Really sad to hear about Paul's death. Wiki's "virtual reality" suddenly gets very real and personal. Just gone, like a button being switched-off. Farewell, Joshua Jonathan  - Let's talk!  14:50, 17 August 2015 (UTC)
 * A tragedy. Condolences and thoughts to all those he left behind.  Fortuna    Imperatrix Mundi  17:31, 17 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Just noticed this. Yes, quite a shock. It was a pleasure working with you, Paul. You will be missed. So much for the idea that Wikipedia is not "real life". --Alan W (talk) 06:04, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Paul's excellent work is seen by many, and Paul will be missed. Johnuniq (talk) 07:23, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Just seen this. Terribly sad news. One of the best editors there was, fearless, patient, honest and with a vast range and depth of knowledge. RIP. --Folantin (talk) 21:02, 23 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Also just seen. What a shock. RIP and condolences to his family. Who will now man the battlements of Shakespeare authorship articles? Johnbod (talk) 00:34, 24 August 2015 (UTC)
 * And I also just discovered this. I can't put it better than Folantin did. A shock. Doug Weller (talk) 13:55, 28 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Paul was astute, knowledgeable, helpful, very well regarded and liked, and is a huge loss. My sympathy to family and friends. Ceoil (talk) 09:29, 27 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I just saw this; a fine editor who will be missed. Condolences to his family. Kierzek (talk) 15:47, 10 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Very sorry to see this. May your many thousands of quality edits remain as your memorial. ‑‑ Yodin T 00:02, 2 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Oh no! I only just discovered this, as I noticed his signature on the talk page for Orpheus and wondered why I hadn't come across his comments lately, worrying that he had quit Wikipedia. My sympathies to all those who were personally close to him. As a beacon and consistent, reliable source of sanity and competence when POV warriors turn up, he will be sorely missed; to me, his sig was a trademark, and always reassuring. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 18:51, 18 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Paul, thank you for all your excellent work. Rest in peace. SteveStrummer (talk) 21:10, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I've just heard this sad news. We got up each other's noses a little about the true identity of William Shakespeare, but that's all part of the rough and tumble of intellectual discourse.  It was never personal from either of us.  Vale, Paul.  --  Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  23:40, 11 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Just using the "Who Wrote That?" tool and wondering who it was that had the good taste to add this image to the article on "Abstract art". I'm sorry to hear about his passing. Bus stop (talk) 21:26, 20 January 2021 (UTC)

Obituary and other memorials
Obituary: Dr Paul Barlow

title: User talk:Paul Barlow