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Ansel Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Ansel Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 101. Ansel was the given name of a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Ansel Township covers an area of 35.74 square miles (92.56 square kilometers); of this, 0.43 square miles (1.11 square kilometers) or 1.2 percent is water.

Adjacent townships

 * McKinley Township (north)
 * Bull Moose Township (northeast)
 * Bungo Township (east)
 * Poplar Township (south)
 * Lyons Township, Wadena County (southwest)
 * Orton Township, Wadena County (west)
 * Huntersville Township, Wadena County (northwest)

Major highway

 * [[Image:MN-64.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 64

Lakes

 * Spider Lake (vast majority)

School districts

 * Pine River–Backus
 * Staples–Motley

Political districts

 * Minnesota's 8th congressional district
 * State House District 04b
 * State Senate District 04

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 101 people, 33 households, and 29 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.9 PD/sqmi. There were 38 housing units at an average density of 1.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.01% White, and 0.99% from two or more races.

There were 33 households, out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 84.8% were married couples living together, and 9.1% were non-families. 9.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $40,000, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $20,625 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,102. There were 13.9% of families and 13.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 23.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Ansel Township, Cass County, Minnesota


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Backus, Minnesota

Backus is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 262 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A post office called Backus has been in operation since 1896. The city was named for Edward Wellington Backus, a businessperson in the lumber industry.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.61 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 250 people, 112 households, and 62 families living in the city. The population density was 409.8 PD/sqmi. There were 183 housing units at an average density of 300.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 0.8% Native American, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 112 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.6% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 46.7 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.2% were from 25 to 44; 35.2% were from 45 to 64; and 17.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.0% male and 48.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 311 people, 123 households, and 83 families living in the city. The population density was 518.9 PD/sqmi. There were 194 housing units, at an average density of 323.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.07% White, 0.64% Asian, and 1.29% from two or more races.

There were 123 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $32,500. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $13,438 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,077. About 16.3% of families and 23.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.4% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Minnesota State Highways 87 and 371 are two of the main routes in the community.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Backus, Minnesota


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Barclay Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Barclay Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 516. Barclay Township was named for an early settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Barclay Township covers an area of 15.03 square miles (38.92 square kilometers); of this, 1.06 square miles (2.75 square kilometers) or 7.07 percent is water.

The entire city of Chickamaw Beach and the north quarter of the city of Pine River are located within Barclay Township geographically but are separate entities.

Adjacent townships

 * Ponto Lake Township (north)
 * Gail Lake Township, Crow Wing County (east)
 * Jenkins Township, Crow Wing County (southeast)
 * Wilson Township (south)
 * Pine River Township (west and southwest)
 * Powers Township (northwest)

Major highway

 * [[Image:MN-84.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 84

Lakes

 * Ding Pot Lake
 * Horseshoe Lake
 * Little Sand Lake
 * Lizotte Lake
 * Lake Hattie (south edge)
 * Norway Lake (northeast half)
 * Swede Lake

School districts

 * Pine River–Backus

Political districts

 * Minnesota's 8th congressional district
 * State House District 04b
 * State Senate District 04

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 516 people, 212 households, and 146 families residing in the township. The population density was 36.9 PD/sqmi. There were 285 housing units at an average density of 20.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 96.71% White, 0.19% African American, 0.97% Native American, 0.58% Asian, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.94% of the population.

There were 212 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,039, and the median income for a family was $36,058. Males had a median income of $30,972 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,215. About 2.9% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.


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Becker Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Becker Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 485 as of the 2000 census. Becker Township was named for J. A. Becker, a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 37.3 sqmi, of which 36.3 sqmi is land and 1.0 sqmi (2.66%) is water.

Lakes

 * Cat Lake
 * Dog Lake
 * Farber Lake
 * Johnson Lake
 * Mud Lake
 * Rice Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Byron Township (north)
 * Meadow Brook Township (northeast)
 * May Township (east)
 * Villard Township, Todd County (south)
 * Thomastown Township, Wadena County (west)
 * Bullard Township, Wadena County (northwest)

Cemeteries
The township contains Hallet Family Cemetery.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 485 people, 169 households, and 129 families residing in the township. The population density was 13.4 PD/sqmi. There were 203 housing units at an average density of 5.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.32% White, 0.41% Native American, 1.24% Asian, and 1.03% from two or more races.

There were 169 households, out of which 44.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.3% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the township the population was spread out, with 33.0% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $35,795, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,025. About 11.8% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 57.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Becker Township, Cass County, Minnesota


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Beulah Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Beulah Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 57 as of the 2000 census. Beulah Township was named for Beulah Olds, a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.7 sqmi, of which 34.7 sqmi is land and 1.1 sqmi (3.00%) is water.

Unincorporated communities

 * Mae

Lakes

 * Edna Lake
 * Egg Lake
 * Little Reservoir Lake
 * Lake Leavitt (east half)
 * Morrison Lake
 * Oxbox Lake (east quarter)
 * Reservoir Lake
 * Rice Pad Lake
 * Schafer Lake
 * Tank Lake
 * Third Guide Lake
 * Wren Lake (vast majority)

Adjacent townships

 * Smoky Hollow Township (north)
 * Little Pine Township, Crow Wing County (south)
 * Crooked Lake Township (west)
 * Thunder Lake Township (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 57 people, 28 households, and 19 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.6 PD/sqmi. There were 112 housing units at an average density of 3.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.25% White, and 1.75% from two or more races.

There were 28 households, out of which 14.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, and 28.6% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.40.

In the township the population was spread out, with 10.5% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 25 to 44, 54.4% from 45 to 64, and 28.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 55 years. For every 100 females, there were 159.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 142.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $25,000. Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $38,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,613. There were 16.7% of families and 15.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 75.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Beulah Township, Cass County, Minnesota


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Birch Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Birch Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 573 as of the 2000 census. This township took its name from Birch Lake.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.3 sqmi, of which 28.7 sqmi is land and 6.6 sqmi (18.76%) is water.

The city of Hackensack is located entirely within Birch Lake Township geographically but is a separate entity.

Major highway

 * [[Image:MN-371.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 371

Lakes

 * Birch Lake (east quarter)
 * Blind Lake (northwest edge)
 * Blueberry Lake
 * Boss Lake
 * Fish Lake
 * Hattfield Lake
 * Bank LakHigh e
 * Hiram Lake
 * Horseshoe Lake
 * Larson Lake
 * Little Boy Lake (northwest half)
 * Little Webb Lake (vast majority)
 * Mud Lake
 * Paquet Lake
 * Peterson Lake
 * Pleasant Lake
 * Round Lake (north half)
 * Stony Lake
 * Surprise Lake
 * Sylvester Lake
 * Tenmile Lake (east edge)
 * Three Island Lake
 * Webb Lake (vast majority)
 * Woodchuck Lake
 * Young Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Turtle Lake Township (north)
 * Pine Lake Township (northeast)
 * Woodrow Township (east)
 * Ponto Lake Township (southeast)
 * Powers Township (south)
 * Deerfield Township (southwest)
 * Hiram Township (west)

Cemeteries
The township contains the following cemeteries: Finnelly and Hillcrest.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 573 people, 259 households, and 188 families residing in the township. The population density was 19.9 PD/sqmi. There were 647 housing units at an average density of 22.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.43% White, and 1.57% from two or more races.

There were 259 households, out of which 17.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.9% were married couples living together, 2.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.61.

In the township the population was spread out, with 17.1% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 15.7% from 25 to 44, 38.7% from 45 to 64, and 24.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $36,042, and the median income for a family was $39,327. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $26,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,687. About 2.8% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.1% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.


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Blind Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Blind Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 88 as of the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.3 sqmi, of which 34.0 sqmi is land and 1.3 sqmi (3.76%) is water.

Lakes

 * Big Cranberry Lake
 * Blind Lake
 * Eagle Lake
 * Hay Lake (east quarter)
 * Lee Lake
 * Lily Lake
 * Little Cranberry Lake
 * Lake Mc Ginty (west quarter)
 * Lake Louise
 * Peterson Lake
 * Potshot Lake
 * Stony Lake
 * Swede Lake
 * Tamarack Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Wabedo Township (north)
 * Trelipe Township (east)
 * Timothy Township, Crow Wing County (south)
 * Gail Lake Township, Crow Wing County (southwest)
 * Ponto Lake Township (west)
 * Woodrow Township (northwest)

Cemeteries
The township contains Wabedo Cemetery.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 88 people, 31 households, and 20 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.6 PD/sqmi. There were 90 housing units at an average density of 2.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 95.45% White, and 4.55% from two or more races.

There were 31 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.71.

In the township the population was spread out, with 40.9% under the age of 18, 2.3% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 12.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $19,250, and the median income for a family was $21,875. Males had a median income of $13,750 versus $18,542 for females. The per capita income for the township was $6,420. There were 21.7% of families and 20.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 13.7% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.


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Boy Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Boy Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 132 as of the 2000 census. This township took its name from Boy Lake.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.3 sqmi, of which 27.6 sqmi is land and 8.7 sqmi (24.01%) is water.

Unincorporated communities

 * Brevik

Lakes

 * Aultman Lake
 * Boy Lake (west quarter)
 * Camp Lake
 * Current Lake
 * Hougan Lake
 * Iverson Lake
 * Leech Lake (east edge)
 * Mad Dog Lake
 * Town Line Lake (north half)

Adjacent townships

 * Gould Township (north)
 * Boy River Township (northeast)
 * Rogers Township (east)
 * Inguadona Township (southeast)
 * Kego Township (south)
 * Pine Lake Township (southwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 132 people, 58 households, and 36 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.8 PD/sqmi. There were 204 housing units at an average density of 7.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 81.82% White, 0.76% African American, 6.82% Native American, 0.76% Asian, and 9.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.52% of the population.

There were 58 households, out of which 19.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the township the population was spread out, with 16.7% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 26.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $34,583 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,070. There were 27.8% of families and 26.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 68.8% of under eighteens and 6.7% of those over 64.


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Boy River, Minnesota

Boy River is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 26 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A post office called Boy River was established in 1910, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1985. The city took its name from the nearby Boy River. In 2018, the State of Minnesota denied the City of Boy River's petition to dissolve after a special election in which three of five total voters voted to not dissolve.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.373 sqmi, all land. County Roads 4 and 63 are the main routes in the community.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 47 people, 21 households, and 10 families living in the city. The population density was 127.0 PD/sqmi. There were 33 housing units at an average density of 89.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 21 households, of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.8% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 52.4% were non-families. 52.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 3.10.

The median age in the city was 33.5 years. 31.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 6.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.7% male and 55.3% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 38 people, 18 households, and 9 families living in the city. The population density was 89.0 PD/sqmi. There were 27 housing units at an average density of 63.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.21% White, 13.16% Native American, and 2.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.63% of the population.

There were 18 households, out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.8% were married couples living together, 16.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.0% were non-families. 50.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $13,125, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,556. There were no families and 24.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 42.9% of those over 64.

title: Boy River, Minnesota


text:
Boy River Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Boy River Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 100 as of the 2000 census. This township took its name from the Boy River.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 sqmi, of which 35.6 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi (0.75%) is water.

The city of Boy River is located entirely within Boy River Township geographically but is a separate entity.

Lakes

 * Skelly Lake (northeast half)

Adjacent townships

 * Salem Township (east)
 * Slater Township (southeast)
 * Rogers Township (south)
 * Boy Lake Township (southwest)
 * Gould Township (west)

Cemeteries
The township contains Arlington Cemetery.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 100 people, 36 households, and 23 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.8 PD/sqmi. There were 45 housing units at an average density of 1.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 90.00% White, 7.00% Native American, and 3.00% from two or more races.

There were 36 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.48.

In the township the population was spread out, with 34.0% under the age of 18, 2.0% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 122.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $19,500, and the median income for a family was $31,000. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $25,417 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,025. There were 26.9% of families and 33.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 52.4% of under eighteens and 42.9% of those over 64.


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Bull Moose Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Bull Moose Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 107 as of the 2000 census. This township was named after the Bull Moose Party.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 sqmi, of which 34.3 sqmi is land and 1.7 sqmi (4.64%) is water.

Unincorporated communities

 * Oshawa

Major highway

 * [[Image:MN-87.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 87

Lakes

 * Abel Lake
 * Bergkeller Lake (east quarter)
 * Cedar Lake
 * Cut Lake
 * Deer Lake
 * Goose Lake (east three-quarters)
 * Scribner Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Deerfield Township (north)
 * Powers Township (northeast)
 * Pine River Township (east)
 * Walden Township (southeast)
 * Bungo Township (south)
 * Ansel Township (southwest)
 * McKinley Township (west)
 * Badoura Township, Hubbard County (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 107 people, 38 households, and 31 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.1 PD/sqmi. There were 54 housing units at an average density of 1.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 38 households, out of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.7% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.8% were non-families. 13.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $31,563, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $16,250 versus $13,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $12,596. There were 7.7% of families and 9.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 23.1% of those over 64.


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Bungo Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Bungo Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 111 as of the 2000 census. Bungo Township was named for the family of George Bonga.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 sqmi, of which 34.6 sqmi is land and 1.3 sqmi (3.65%) is water.

Lakes

 * Bass Lake
 * Bear Lake
 * Clear Lake
 * Crane Lake
 * Deep Lake
 * Duck Lake
 * Fish Lake
 * Green Lake
 * Hazelnut Lake
 * Hunter Lake
 * Lehman Lake
 * Middle Island Lake
 * Minnie Lake
 * North Island Lake
 * Perch Lake
 * Pony Lake
 * Rob Lake (north edge)
 * South Island Lake
 * Spider Lake (east edge)
 * Taylor Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Bull Moose Township (north)
 * Pine River Township (northeast)
 * Walden Township (east)
 * Moose Lake Township (south)
 * Poplar Township (southwest)
 * Ansel Township (west)
 * McKinley Township (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 111 people, 40 households, and 34 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.2 PD/sqmi. There were 48 housing units at an average density of 1.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.20% White, 0.90% African American, and 0.90% from two or more races.

There were 40 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.5% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.0% were non-families. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 128.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $28,125. Males had a median income of $15,357 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $9,993. There were 29.0% of families and 32.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 43.8% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Bungo Township, Cass County, Minnesota


text:
Byron Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Byron Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 118 as of the 2000 census.

History
Byron Township was named for Byron Powell, the first white boy born there.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 sqmi, of which 35.7 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (0.50%) is water.

Unincorporated communities

 * Ellis

Major highway

 * [[Image:MN-64.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 64

Lakes

 * Mud Lake
 * Pulvers Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Poplar Township (north)
 * Moose Lake Township (northeast)
 * Meadow Brook Township (east)
 * May Township (southeast)
 * Becker Township (south)
 * Thomastown Township, Wadena County (southwest)
 * Bullard Township, Wadena County (west)
 * Lyons Township, Wadena County (northwest)

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 118 people, 48 households, and 33 families in the township. The population density was 3.3 people per square mile (1.3/km$2$). There were 59 housing units at an average density of 1.7/sq mi (0.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White. Of the 48 households 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 27.1% of households were one person and 10.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.03.

The age distribution was 22.0% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 36.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% 65 or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males.

The median household income was $29,500 and the median family income was $41,875. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,077. There were 3.1% of families and 6.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 5.6% of under eighteens and 12.0% of those over 64.

title: Byron Township, Cass County, Minnesota


text:
Cass Lake, Minnesota

Cass Lake is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States, located within the boundaries of the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. It is surrounded by Pike Bay Township. Cass Lake had a population of 675 in the 2020 census. It is notable as the headquarters location of Minnesota Chippewa Tribe and Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, as well as the Chippewa National Forest.

The city is located on the shore of its namesake Cass Lake, which was named in honor of Michigan Governor Lewis Cass.

Cass Lake is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area. It reached its peak of population of over 2,100 in 1920. Since 1950, the combination of decline of small town retailers, suburbanization, and decreased employment in forest industries have resulted in steadily decreasing population.

Economy
Forest products have historically been an important part of the local economy. The Glenmont Lumber Company opened a sawmill in the autumn of 1898, followed by Scanlon-Gipson Lumber Company opening a planing mill in the summer of 1899. Both operated until the sawmill burnt in 1902. The Julius Neils Lumber Company opened a 30 mft sawmill, planing mill, and 8 mft lath mill in May 1900, operating until 1923. The Northern Pine Crating Co. opened a wooden box factory in the autumn of 1907, operating until the mill burned c.1950.

Wheeler Lumber Bridge and Supply Co. opened a post-peeling plant in 1949, followed by a wood-treating plant in 1951. This facility was expanded in 1959 and 1971. Wheeler was purchased by St. Regis Paper Company in 1968; St. Regis later purchased a sawmill as well Frank's Mill (opened 1939). After the purchase of St. Regis by Champion International in 1985, the corporation closed the facility. The sawmill was purchased by Cass Forest Products and continues to operate (as of 2010).

Tourism has been an increasingly important component of the local economy since the earliest days of the community. Numerous resorts and campgrounds in the area cater to sport fishing, hunting, camping, and watersports. Due to the cold winters, tourism is highly seasonal.

The Federal Government has been an important local employer since 1902, when the Minnesota Forest Reserve was established. Cass Lake was selected as the location of the Forest Supervisor's Office. Following passage of the Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933 and establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Cass Lake was the headquarters for the Chippewa Sub-District, responsible for management of over a dozen camps. Among the CCC projects completed in Cass Lake were the monumental log-construction Forest Supervisor's Office (1936) and establishment of the Lydick Nursery (1934), which produced millions of seedlings for reforestation work.

In 1922, the Bureau of Indian Affairs established the Consolidated Chippewa Agency to serve all the Ojibwe tribes in Minnesota, with the exception of Red Lake. It selected Cass Lake as its headquarters. Later, the Indian Health Service opened a hospital and clinic (1937) to serve the Leech Lake Indian Reservation.

Following passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and establishment of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, tribal headquarters were located in Cass Lake. Cass Lake is also location of the headquarters of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, which operates the Cedar Lakes Casino.

There are a variety of small businesses that keep the Cass Lake economy thriving.

Education
Cass Lake is located in Independent School District 115 (Cass Lake-Bena School District). Cass Lake–Bena Elementary School is located within the city limits, while Cass Lake–Bena High School and Middle School are located approximately one mile south of town. Elementary school classes began in 1899 and the high school opened in 1904.

Students also attend the Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School in an area near Bena, a Bureau of Indian Affairs-funded elementary and secondary school established in 1975.

Leech Lake Tribal College, a two-year tribal college, is located approximately 3 mi northwest of town.

History
The area was inhabited for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples. In historic times, the Ojibwe/Chippewa moved west and south from the Great Lakes region, settling across present-day Minnesota.

The village was established in 1898 with the construction of the Great North Railway. The post office was originally established as 'Tuller' in December 1898, named after the brother-in-law of the first postmaster. When this was known, residents quickly lodged protests with the Postmaster General and by the end of March 1899, it was renamed 'Cass Lake'.

The forest industry has historically supplied many jobs, but has been susceptible to boom-and-bust cycle. Between 1898 and 1923, the city was dependent on lumber mills utilizing pine from the surrounding forests. Depletion of the pine resource was followed by utilization of lower value species at a box factory which operated until 1950, and a wood treatment plant operated by Wheeler Lumber between 1949 and 1985. From 1983 until 2009, Potlatch Corporation and its successor Ainsworth operated an oriented strand board plant in nearby Farden Township, which provided employment to many residents. Cass Forest Products, an employee-owned company, operates a sawmill that has been in operation since 1939, and is one of the largest forest product producers in Minnesota. The former wood-treating plant operated by Wheeler Lumber within the city limits has been designated a Federal Superfund site, due to soil and groundwater contamination by the wood treating compounds creosote, pentachlorophenol, and ammoniacal copper arsenate.

From 1911-1919, the Cass Lake Boarding School, a Native American residential school, operated in Cass Lake. The school opened with the capacity for 50 students.

In 2003, Elaine Fleming was the first Native American to be elected as mayor of the town.

Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.09 sqmi, all of it land.

Cass Lake has a humid continental climate (Köppen Climate Classification Dfb), with warm summers and long, cold winters.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, the population was 675. The population density was 619.3 PD/sqmi. There were 296 housing units at an average density of 271.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 71.4% Native American, 19.0% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 0.1% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 8.7% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 1.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race. The 2020 census results may be inaccurate, especially for rural and non-white communities, owing to the Census Bureau's implementation of differential privacy.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 770 people, 305 households, and 164 families residing in the city. The population density was 675.4 PD/sqmi. There were 371 housing units at an average density of 325.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 67.9% Native American, 24.3% White, 0.3% African American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 6.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 305 households, of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 17.0% were married couples living together, 25.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 10.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 40.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.29.

The median age in the city was 31.8 years. 30.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 21.9% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 860 people, 331 households, and 192 families residing in the city. The population density was 753.2 PD/sqmi. There were 384 housing units at an average density of 336.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 30.12% White, 64.42% Native American, 0.23% from other races, and 5.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.74% of the population.

There were 331 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.2% were married couples living together, 27.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.40.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 36.2% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,583, and the median income for a family was $23,977. Males had a median income of $22,614 versus $20,066 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,569. About 25.4% of families and 29.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.0% of those under age 18 and 29.4% of those age 65 or over.

Major highways
The following routes are located within Cass Lake.

 * [[Image:US 2.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 2
 * [[Image:MN-371.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 371

Notable people

 * Alonzo Barnard (1817–1905), missionary
 * Jamie Becker-Finn (born 1982), Minnesota State Representative District 42B (DFL)
 * Elaine Fleming, Mayor, Cass Lake, MN (2003).
 * Skip Finn (1948–2018), attorney, Minnesota State Senator District 4 (DFL).
 * Roland H. Hartley (1864–1952), Governor of Washington, 1925-1933
 * Donald D. Lundrigan (1910–1990), Minnesota State Representative and lawyer
 * Charlie Munger (1924–2023), Vice-Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Corporation
 * Henry J. Neils (1896–1988), President of Flour City Ornamental Iron Works Company
 * Alfred O. C. Nier (1911–1994), physicist (summer resident)
 * Ozaawindib, Ojibwe chief and guide
 * Joe Polo (born 1982), Olympic gold medalist in curling (2018)
 * Dick Siebert (1912–1978), professional baseball player
 * John Smith (1785?–1922), centenarian

title: Cass Lake, Minnesota


text:
Chickamaw Beach, Minnesota

Chickamaw Beach is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 128 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Chickamaw Beach was incorporated in 1950.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.61 sqmi, of which, 2.22 sqmi is land and 0.39 sqmi is water.

Minnesota State Highway 84 serves as a main route in the community. Minnesota State Highway 371 is nearby.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 114 people, 58 households, and 35 families living in the city. The population density was 51.4 PD/sqmi. There were 111 housing units at an average density of 50.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 58 households, of which 12.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 1.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.40.

The median age in the city was 57.5 years. 10.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 0.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.8% were from 25 to 44; 43.8% were from 45 to 64; and 28.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 148 people, 63 households, and 45 families living in the city. The population density was 67.7 PD/sqmi. There were 110 housing units at an average density of 50.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 63 households, out of which 23.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 1.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.2% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 14.2% from 25 to 44, 39.9% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $27,250 versus $16,071 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,223. There were 2.6% of families and 5.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 16.7% of those over 64.

title: Chickamaw Beach, Minnesota


text:
Crooked Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Crooked Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 498 as of the 2000 census. It is named after Roosevelt Lake, formerly known as Crooked Lake, a large lake located in this township. Crooked Lake is a translation from the Ojibwe Wewaagigamaag-zaaga'igan.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.1 sqmi, of which 30.0 sqmi is land and 6.1 sqmi (16.76%) is water.

Unincorporated communities

 * Outing

Major highway

 * [[Image:MN-6.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 6

Lakes

 * Abe Lake
 * Andrus Lake
 * Bear Lake
 * Blue Bill Lake
 * Donut Lake
 * East Wood Lake
 * Grasshopper Lake
 * Lawrence Lake
 * Lake George (east three-quarters)
 * Lake Leavitt (west half)
 * Margaret Lake
 * Marion Lake
 * Mule Lake
 * Oxbox Lake (west three-quarters)
 * Pavelgrit Lake
 * Roosevelt Lake
 * Smoky Hollow Lake
 * Snake Lake
 * Snowshoe Lake
 * State Lake
 * West Wood Lake
 * Washburn Lake (vast majority)
 * Wood Lake
 * Woods Lake
 * Wren Lake (west edge)

Adjacent townships

 * Thunder Lake Township (north)
 * Smoky Hollow Township (northeast)
 * Beulah Township (east)
 * Little Pine Township, Crow Wing County (southeast)
 * Trelipe Township (west)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 498 people, 249 households, and 164 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,023 housing units at an average density of 34.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.39% White, 0.60% Native American, 0.20% Asian, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.

There were 249 households, out of which 12.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 0.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.45.

In the township the population was spread out, with 13.1% under the age of 18, 2.4% from 18 to 24, 14.1% from 25 to 44, 39.0% from 45 to 64, and 31.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,708, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $16,563 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,294. About 2.1% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.


text:
Talk:Proletariat

etymology
Etymology: French prolétariat, from Latin proletarius Date: 1853
 * 1) the lowest social or economic class of a community
 * 2) the laboring class; especially : the class of industrial workers who lack their own means of production and hence sell their labor to live

Petty Bourgeoisie and Middle Class.
 * The lower middle class or the petty (petite) bourgeoisie (the bourgeoisie was sometimes called the middle class in this era), constitutes "the small manufacturer, the shopkeeper, the artisan, the peasant" (Giddens and Held, p. 24). The characteristic of this class is that it does own some property, but not sufficient to have all work done by employees or workers. Members of this class must also work in order to survive, so they have a dual existence – as (small scale) property owners and as workers. Because of this dual role, members of this class have divided interests, usually wishing to preserve private property and property rights, but with interests often opposed to those of the capitalist class. This class is split internally as well, being geographically, industrially, and politically dispersed, so that it is difficult for it to act as a class. Marx expected that this class would disappear as capitalism developed, with members moving into the bourgeoisie or into the working class, depending on whether or not they were successful. Many in this class have done this, but at the same time, this class seems to keep recreating itself in different forms.
 * Source : http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/s28f99.htm (sociology 250, Marx's Theory of Social Class and Class Structure, Sept 28 1999)

Merge with working class
I think this article should be merged with working class and turned into a redirect. As far as I know, "proletariat" is synonymous with "working class" and simply indicates the use of Marxist theory. I think that "proletariat" (or Marxist theory) could be made into a subsection of "working class" and this page could act as a redirect. Other's have suggested merging working class into social class. AdamRetchless 17:20, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * There can be quite a historical confusion. At Marx times working class meant primarily physical workers. An engineer was not a proletarian, although he didn't own means of production. Over time, the notion became more and more blurred. The same engineer from one side was a "lackey of capitalist", but from the other side he was a "proletary of mental labor". I mean what both articles are missing is evolution of these notions over time. Unfortunately I cannot provide this, only grumble :-) Mikkalai 01:03, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * : Then I agree that a merge with working class is still acceptable, but framing it within the evolution of the two terms. I think those are essentially under the same umbrella term.Pingijno (talk) 22:29, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

I agree, this makes sense but I hope that when this happens whoever descides to do it makes a new section for the merged page. This way we keep the current near perfect structure of the article. michaelkemp 2/19/10

George Orwell
The section on G.Orwell eventually overgrew its relevance to the topic. IMO only the first sentence must be left here. The rest must be moved elsewhere (dictatorship of the proletariat, communist state, whatever). Mikkalai 00:20, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with Mikkalai on this issue. Following an episode of vandalism, I took the initiative to remove this portion of the article and will post it on the discussion page for reference.

Sophrosune  (talk)  16:24, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Speaking of vandalism, now there isn't any mention of Orwell, at all! Given that, ironically or otherwise, the Proles is a common reference-point for a discussion of the working class in a modern context, Orwell's characterisation of a downtrodden and disenfranchised labouring class who are routinely ignored as not politically dangerous, has resonance with the status of the poor in modern society.
 * Nuttyskin (talk) 14:12, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

Latin origin
While "proletariat" is, of course, nearly always used in a Marxian context in contemporary discourse, this article needs a section explaining its use in the Roman Empire. - Jersyko   talk  03:48, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Agreed. There is not even one mention of the proletarii of ancient Rome in this article. 79.146.140.241 (talk) 00:21, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Agreed again. Maybe it should be a separate article from the disambiguation page, but it definitely needs to be referenced on Wikipedia somehow. Eythan91 (talk) 23:31, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

Transformative Character
What about the notion that the proletariat possess a unique place in society in socialist and anarchist theory? That is the proletariat possess the the ability to see past petty advantages and therefore is in the best position to lead society. Nothing in the article about this positive aspect of the class. Could maybe cite Harrington on this, as he has a democratic defense of this aspect of Marxist theory.--Edivorce 17:20, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Definition
It surprises me that the definition at the beginning of the article refers to "lower classes" and makes no reference to labour as a defining feature, save for the phrase "working class". Isn't the fact of surviving by selling one's labour more central than matters of "high" and "low"? --Rrburke 04:15, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

 * There are levels of "high" and "low" within the lower classes: the working class is divisible into, for example, people who work in retail, and people who graft with physical exertion, such as on building sites. Below them, the non-working class: that is, those who are culturally identical with the working class, but are long-term unemployed, and do not enjoy the comparative prosperity of those who are in work. A further level below are the so-called underclass, those in grinding poverty, sometimes homeless or unable to heat their homes, and facing continued malnutrition. Such levels of poverty really do continue to exist within our modern societies.
 * Nuttyskin (talk) 14:01, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

OR
I removed this tag because there was no related reason given when the tag was added, or in the time since.--Bookandcoffee 05:17, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

O. Perera philospher?
It says at the bottom "The famous Sri-Lankan philosopher O. Perera once said during a red-eclipse "Hark! See how the Chinese have captured the moon and claimed it for the proletariat!"" with no reference. A google search can't find anything about this so-called Perera...vandalism?

Labour vs Labour force
In Marxist theory, labour is not a commodity, and cannot be sold or bought. What proletarians sell is labour force, or labour power, not labour.

A quick glance at Das Kapital shows that:

Chapter Six: The Buying and Selling of Labour-Power

Not the Buying and Selling of Labour.

In fact, it is a basic tenet of Marxist theory that, in average, there is no exploitation through mere market mechanisms: all commodities are bought and sold, in average, at their value. If proletarians sold "labour" - if it was even possible to sell labour - then such labour would have to be systematically sold below its value. On the contrary, labour power is sold at its value - the exploitation does not come from the bourgeois "cheating" over the price of a commodity, but from the fact that labour power creates new value when consumed. Ninguém (talk) 00:00, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Perhaps labour power is the correct term, but labor force is not the same thing at all.Spylab (talk) 01:17, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

Yes. In Portuguese it is "força de trabalho", which seemed to translate naturally to "labour force". Taking a look at Marx's work, I see the correct English translation for "Produktivkraft der Arbeit" is "labour power". But proletarians definitely do not sell their labour, at least not in Marxist theory. In fact, Marx clearly intended to make this distinction very neat:

"The second essential condition to the owner of money finding labour-power in the market as a commodity is this — that the labourer instead of being in the position to sell commodities in which his labour is incorporated, must be obliged to offer for sale as a commodity that very labour-power, which exists only in his living self." 189.27.36.154 (talk) 15:58, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

"evicerate the proletariat" quote
Does anyone know where the phrase "eviscerate the proletariat" comes from? I remember hearing Stewie recite it on Family Guy and thought there might be an underlying historical context. fintler (talk) 17:53, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

split
I have suggested the article be split as the original usage of the term and the Marxist theory are not one and the same thing, which makes this potentially confusing for readers. I accept that a line or two should be included to say how the term has also been used by political theorizers but to avoid bias it should not become dominated by any one political viewpoint. The Marxist view should stand as a separate article.--Utinomen (talk) 21:24, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

Just added is the section on "Usage in Roman Law". That done, the tag about splitting the article becomes mute. Accordingly this tag should be removed, unless objections are made. Elfelix (talk) 19:09, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

The term proletariat is heavily associated with Marxism. I doubt it would be encyclopedic without the association so splitting it into a separate article is unnecessary. I've removed the banner. Lambanog (talk) 09:48, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I've only just come across this article, through a redirect from proletarii at the Servius Tullius article. I'm currently rewriting there. I agree that the term proletariat is heavily associated with Marxism, and that this is prefigured by the proletarii of Roman history; but a couple of points.

 * Firstly, proletarii were Roman citizens, even when reduced to abject clientage. Pace Berger, who is useful but sometimes remiss, they were not the "the poorest stratum of the population." In law, if not always in fact, the poorest stratum were slaves, who could legally own nothing whatever, not even themselves, let alone their children. Some proletarii sold themselves or their children into slavery ; either way, they would lose their citizenship and the protection of citizen laws. It's a difficult, complex topic. Putting all that to one side, the section here on proletarii seems appropriate in length and detail. The article as a whole deals with the modern term in political context, and provides sufficient Roman background for an encyclopedic treatment. It's lively, readable and to the point.

 * On to my second point: proletarii is also an important, undeservedly neglected topic in Roman social history. It needs dedicated contextual treatment, which can't and shouldn't happen on this page. So I propose scrubbing the proletarii redirect. A separate article should be written, named Proletarii (ancient Rome); and I guess I'm offering to write it. That article would provide a see-also, or maybe a "Legacy" section, with links from there to here. Then readers can more easily find topic-appropriate context and detail under relevant subject headings. Regards, Haploidavey (talk) 00:43, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Citations appropriate for current size
rm <!-- There are paragraphs that go without a single citation, or a single fact is quoted but the source of the concept or its interpretation are not clear. --> Inappropriate, excessive, litigious, etc. application of a wiki policy probably fronting an anti-marxist POV; see nothing above to the contrary so removing that tag as well. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 17:01, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * As far as Ben Seattle's site link is concerned, it's a curious thing. If it were pushing anything other than proletarian revolution I would have removed it as obvious personal/scamming spam. However that is precisely what it is pushing and from an apparently authentic working class perspective so left in lex order. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 17:14, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Should be /ˌproʊlɨˈtɛəriət/ (see the key). --Preguntador (talk) 21:48, 19 September 2014 (UTC)

Or possibly (according to the Oxford Dictionary) BrE /ˌprəʊləˈteəriət/; NAmE /ˌproʊləˈteriət/ Cwrwgar (talk) 17:33, 29 August 2019 (UTC)

Prole drift §
This could be expanded with

 * 1) more about proletarianization, especially in context of globalization and the creation of a precariat even in what primarily were formerly considered bourgeois layers
 * 2) the fact that proletarianization and embourgeoisment may be proceeding simultaneously in a given society in different subpopulations
 * 3) the fact that simultaneously modern bourgeois culture does commodify culture (for the masses) but it also presents an unparalleled richness outside the confines of the mass marketable cultural commodity (to the elites with the preparation to access it)

98.4.124.117 (talk) 02:53, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Honestly, I feel that it's a relative niche criticism which should be presented more critically on the page-- The capitalism of Marx's era was not involved in mass consumer culture or globalization. The current text reads as if they did and Marx was incorrect in his assessment about his contemporary society. When Marx was writing, there were far more distinct class lines and cultural markers which have [somewhat] broken down over time, as literacy has exponentially increased and mass media is created for a common audience.
 * That said, I would argue that there are distinct cultural markers which still persist between classes-- while media has largely been designed for mass consumption and traditional class markers like etiquette have largely fallen by the wayside, the life experiences and resulting cultures of working people and the super-wealthy remain extremely different even if they lack the same distinct markers which they had in the 19th Century at the time of Marx's writing. Fauxlosophe (talk) 14:34, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

The modern reintruduction of ancient latin word "proletarii" was not coined by Marx
The proletarian word was already used for wage-workers / worker-class when Karl Marx was a child. So it was not invented by "Marxists". That's why you can found this term in older books. Take a Boogle Book search!--Dwirm (talk) 11:22, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Proletariat


text:
Deerfield Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Deerfield Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 154 as of the 2000 census. Deerfield Township was named for the large population of deer within its borders.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 sqmi, of which 32.4 sqmi is land and 3.5 sqmi (9.86%) is water.

Lakes

 * Cranberry Lake
 * Deer Lake
 * Duffy Lake
 * First Perch Lake
 * First Trestle Lake
 * Goose Lake
 * Haynes Lake
 * Lee Lake
 * Long Lake
 * North Haynes Lake
 * Ox Camp Lake
 * Perch Lake
 * Pine Mountain Lake (west half)
 * Second Perch Lake
 * Second Trestle Lake
 * Sleepy Island Lake
 * Third Perch Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Hiram Township (north)
 * Birch Lake Township (northeast)
 * Powers Township (east)
 * Pine River Township (southeast)
 * Bull Moose Township (south)
 * McKinley Township (southwest)
 * Badoura Township, Hubbard County (west)
 * White Oak Township, Hubbard County (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 154 people, 53 households, and 41 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.8 PD/sqmi. There were 117 housing units at an average density of 3.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.35% White and 0.65% Asian.

There were 53 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.4% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.36.

In the township the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $31,944, and the median income for a family was $32,361. Males had a median income of $16,250 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,681. About 4.3% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 5.3% of those 65 or over.


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East Gull Lake, Minnesota

East Gull Lake is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 986 at the 2020 census. The nearest semi-urban area is that of Brainerd and Baxter. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area. East Gull Lake is in Central Minnesota's Brainerd Lakes Area and takes its name from the largest lake within its borders, Gull Lake.

East Gull Lake Airport (FAA code 9Y2 ) is a small two-runway airport.

History
East Gull Lake was incorporated in 1947.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 14.82 sqmi, of which 7.86 sqmi is land and 6.96 sqmi is water. County Roads 18, 70, and 77 are the community's main routes.

Tourism and recreation
Much of the activity in East Gull Lake is tourism, recreation, and vacationing. Residents of Minnesota and Iowa maintain summer homes in the area. Houses on Gull Lake's shores are the most prized and expensive, and have attracted residents such as Kristi Yamaguchi and her husband Bret Hedican. There are several high-end resorts in the city, including Cragun's Resort, Madden's Resort, Kavanaugh's Resort, and Gull Lake Resort. Several of the resorts have golf courses.

The population has greatly increased in recent years, and as of 2008 was more than 2,000 all year.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,004 people, 407 households, and 310 families living in the city. The population density was 127.7 PD/sqmi. There were 792 housing units at an average density of 100.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.6% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 407 households, of which 23.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.3% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.8% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 47.7 years. 21.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 32.7% were from 45 to 64; and 21% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.3% male and 46.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 978 people, 370 households, and 294 families living in the city. The population density was 123.6 people per square meter (47.7/km2). There were 709 housing units at an average density of 89.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.16% White, 0.31% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.43% of the population.

There were 370 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.2% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $55,750, and the median income for a family was $62,813. Males had a median income of $40,809 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,329. About 6.6% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

News

 * The Northern Herald
 * Brainerd Dispatch

title: East Gull Lake, Minnesota


text:
Fairview Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Fairview Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 567 as of the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 39.8 sqmi, of which 35.7 sqmi is land and 4.1 sqmi (10.36%) is water.

The west quarter of the city of East Gull Lake is located with Fairview Township geographically but is a separate entity.

Lakes

 * Agate Lake (west half)
 * Bass Lake
 * Beauty Lake
 * Burned Camp Lake
 * Dead Horse Lake
 * Duffney Lake
 * Green Bass Lake
 * Gull Lake (west quarter)
 * Hardy Lake (southeast edge)
 * Harlan Lake (northeast edge)
 * Little Long Lake
 * Long Lake
 * Pillager Lake (north quarter)
 * Rock Lake
 * Shafer Lake
 * Stump Lake
 * Sylvan Lake (northwest edge)

Adjacent townships

 * Home Brook Township (north)
 * Sylvan Township (southeast)
 * May Township (west)
 * Meadow Brook Township (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 567 people, 224 households, and 180 families residing in the township. The population density was 15.9 PD/sqmi. There were 410 housing units at an average density of 11.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.24% White, 0.35% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.53% Asian, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.

There were 224 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, 3.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.2% were non-families. 15.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 37.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $55,000, and the median income for a family was $64,583. Males had a median income of $35,385 versus $24,063 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,871. About 2.3% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.


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Hackensack, Minnesota

Hackensack is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 294 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A post office called Hackensack has been in operation since 1888. The city is named after Hackensack, New Jersey.

The residents of Hackensack first described their town as the home of Paul Bunyan's sweetheart Lucette in the 1940s, when a sculpture depicting her was placed in City Park. A seventeen-foot-tall fiberglass sculpture of Lucette replaced the original in 1991.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.02 sqmi, of which 1.01 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Minnesota State Highway 371 serves as a main route in the community.

Hackensack is located along the eastern shore of Birch Lake and maintains an asphalt boat ramp for lake access. Other lakes in the area include Pleasant Lake and Ten Mile Lake, the second-deepest natural lake in the state.

The Paul Bunyan State Trail passes through the city along the east shore of Birch lake.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 313 people, 143 households, and 79 families living in the city. The population density was 309.9 PD/sqmi. There were 194 housing units at an average density of 192.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.8% White, 1.0% Native American, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3% of the population.

There were 143 households, of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.8% were non-families. 38.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the city was 45.1 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 25.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.3% male and 45.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 285 people, 132 households, and 76 families living in the city. The population density was 400.6 PD/sqmi. There were 187 housing units at an average density of 262.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.84% White, 2.11% Native American, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.

There were 132 households, out of which 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.4% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 26.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $31,094. Males had a median income of $18,438 versus $25,556 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,768. About 3.3% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.8% of those 65 or over.

Education
Hackensack Public Schools are part of the Walker-Hackensack-Akeley School District. Schools in the district include Walker-Hackensack-Akeley Elementary School and Walker-Hackensack-Akeley High School (WHA).

Hackensack students attend Walker-Hackensack-Akeley High School which is located in Walker.

Dr. Mary Donohue Stetz is the Superintendent of Schools.

title: Hackensack, Minnesota


text:
Hiram Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Hiram Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 334 as of the 2000 census. Hiram Township was named for Hiram Wilson, a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 sqmi, of which 27.1 sqmi is land and 8.5 sqmi (23.90%) is water.

Lakes

 * Birch Lake (west three-quarters)
 * Chub Lake
 * Crystal Lake
 * Jackpine Lake
 * Perch Lake
 * Perry Lake
 * Tenmile Lake (south three-quarters)
 * Tripp Lake
 * Variety Lake
 * Wegwos Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Shingobee Township (north)
 * Turtle Lake Township (northeast)
 * Birch Lake Township (east)
 * Powers Township (southeast)
 * Deerfield Township (south)
 * Badoura Township, Hubbard County (southwest)
 * White Oak Township, Hubbard County (west)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 334 people, 157 households, and 118 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.3 PD/sqmi. There were 630 housing units at an average density of 23.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.60% White, 0.30% Native American, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30% of the population.

There were 157 households, out of which 12.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.4% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.44.

In the township the population was spread out, with 13.2% under the age of 18, 2.4% from 18 to 24, 15.0% from 25 to 44, 43.1% from 45 to 64, and 26.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $34,000, and the median income for a family was $36,563. Males had a median income of $29,500 versus $11,964 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,217. About 14.5% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Hiram Township, Cass County, Minnesota


text:
Home Brook Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Home Brook Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 191 as of the 2000 census.

History
Home Brook Township took its name from a post office once located there. A post office called Homebrook was in operation from 1902 until 1913.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.3 sqmi, of which 36.0 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (0.61%) is water.

Lakes

 * Goose Lake (southwest edge)
 * Hardy Lake (vast majority)
 * Moose Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Maple Township (north)
 * Loon Lake Township (northeast)
 * Fairview Township (south)
 * May Township (southwest)
 * Meadow Brook Township (west)
 * Moose Lake Township (northwest)

Cemeteries
The township contains Pleasant Hill Cemetery.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 191 people, 72 households, and 50 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.3 PD/sqmi. There were 84 housing units at an average density of 2.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.91% White, 0.52% Native American, 1.05% Asian, and 0.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.57% of the population.

There were 72 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 135.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $34,375, and the median income for a family was $40,208. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,303. About 8.2% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 45.2% of those 65 or over.


text:
Inguadona Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Inguadona Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 190 as of the 2000 census. Inguadona is a name probably derived from an unidentified Native American language.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 38.1 sqmi, of which 34.6 sqmi is land and 3.5 sqmi (9.23%) is water.

Unincorporated communities

 * Inguadona

Major highway

 * [[Image:MN-200.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 200

Lakes

 * Cedar Lake
 * Ford Lake (vast majority)
 * Inguadona Lake
 * Inguadona Lake (north edge)
 * Johnson Lake
 * Laura Lake (west edge)
 * Long Lake (east quarter)
 * Lost Girl Lake
 * Lower Trelipe Lake
 * Mabel Lake
 * Peterson Lake (west three-quarters)
 * Phelon Lake
 * Twin Lakes
 * Upper Trelipe Lake (northwest quarter)
 * Wax Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Rogers Township (north)
 * Slater Township (northeast)
 * Remer Township (east)
 * Thunder Lake Township (southeast)
 * Trelipe Township (south)
 * Wabedo Township (southwest)
 * Kego Township (west)
 * Boy Lake Township (northwest)

Cemeteries
The township contains Salem Lutheran Cemetery.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 190 people, 86 households, and 62 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.5 PD/sqmi. There were 213 housing units at an average density of 6.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 95.79% White, 1.05% Native American, and 3.16% from two or more races.

There were 86 households, out of which 12.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.45.

In the township the population was spread out, with 16.3% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 16.3% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 35.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $34,375, and the median income for a family was $36,500. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,501. About 3.2% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 6.3% of those 65 or over.


text:
Kego Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Kego Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 465 as of the 2000 census. Kego is a name derived from the Ojibwe language, meaning "fish".

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.2 sqmi, of which 31.6 sqmi is land and 4.6 sqmi (12.81%) is water.

The city of Longville is located entirely within Kego Township geographically but is a separate entity.

Major highways

 * [[Image:MN-84.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 84
 * [[Image:MN-200.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 200

Lakes

 * Blot Lake
 * Boxell Lake
 * Boxnell Lake
 * Bullhead Lake
 * Carnahan Lake
 * County Lake
 * Craig Lake (north three-quarters)
 * Crown Lake
 * Football Lake
 * Ford Lake (west edge)
 * Gijik Lake
 * Girl Lake (vast majority)
 * Gooseberry Lake
 * Kego Lake
 * Little Silver Lake (vast majority)
 * Long Lake
 * Long Lake (west three-quarters)
 * Lundeen Lake
 * Maple Lake
 * Marshall Lake
 * Nellie Lake (north three-quarters)
 * Silver Lake (east edge)
 * Tadpole Lake
 * Tamarack Lake
 * Three Island Lake
 * Town Line Lake (south half)
 * Woman Lake (north edge)

Adjacent townships

 * Boy Lake Township (north)
 * Rogers Township (northeast)
 * Inguadona Township (east)
 * Wabedo Township (south)
 * Woodrow Township (southwest)
 * Pine Lake Township (west)

Cemeteries
The township contains the following cemeteries: Riverside and Saint Edwards.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 465 people, 200 households, and 138 families residing in the township. The population density was 14.7 PD/sqmi. There were 628 housing units at an average density of 19.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 85.38% White, 13.12% Native American, 0.22% Asian, and 1.29% from two or more races.

There were 200 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the township the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $30,750, and the median income for a family was $35,481. Males had a median income of $25,972 versus $20,417 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,598. About 11.7% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Kego Township, Cass County, Minnesota


text:
Lake Shore, Minnesota

Lake Shore is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,056 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Lake Shore was incorporated on March 19, 1947.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 18.15 sqmi, of which 12.70 sqmi is land and 5.45 sqmi is water. County Roads 29, 77, 78, and 107 are the main routes in the community.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,004 people, 451 households, and 322 families living in the city. The population density was 79.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,019 housing units at an average density of 80.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.0% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 451 households, of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 3.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.6% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.60.

The median age in the city was 51.5 years. 17.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.5% were from 25 to 44; 36.3% were from 45 to 64; and 23.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.7% male and 47.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 966 people, 436 households, and 327 families living in the city. The population density was 75.5 PD/sqmi. There were 858 housing units at an average density of 67.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.76% White, 0.41% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population.

There were 436 households, out of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.54.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.4% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 37.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,500, and the median income for a family was $56,563. Males had a median income of $41,319 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the city was $33,387. About 2.5% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lake Shore, Minnesota


text:
Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Leech Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 384 at the 2000 census. This township took its name from Leech Lake.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.3 sqmi, of which 23.2 sqmi is land and 12.1 sqmi (34.26%) is water.

Climate
Leech Lake has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), bordering on a dry-winter humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb). Leech Lake previously held the record for the lowest temperature recorded in Minnesota, at −59 °F (−51 °C) on 9 February 1899, until it was broken in Tower with a new record of −60 °F (−51.1 °C).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 384 people, 155 households, and 119 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.6 PD/sqmi. There were 285 housing units at an average density of 12.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 77.60% White, 21.35% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 0.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population.

There were 155 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the township the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 35.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $38,125, and the median income for a family was $42,083. Males had a median income of $40,469 versus $18,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,112. About 13.3% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over.


text:
Lima Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Lima Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 111 as of the 2000 census. Lima Township was probably named after Lima, Ohio.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 sqmi, of which 35.4 sqmi is land and 0.6 sqmi (1.58%) is water.

The east edge of the city of Remer is located within Lima Township geographically but is a separate entity.

Major highways

 * [[Image:MN-6.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 6
 * [[Image:MN-200.svg|20px]] Minnesota State Highway 200

Lakes

 * Birch Lake
 * Finn Lake
 * Little Birch Lake
 * Sailor Lake
 * Thiebault Lake

Adjacent townships

 * Spang Township, Itasca County (east)
 * Smoky Hollow Township (south)
 * Thunder Lake Township (southwest)
 * Remer Township (west)
 * Slater Township (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 111 people, 40 households, and 37 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.1 PD/sqmi. There were 58 housing units at an average density of 1.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 93.69% White, 4.50% Asian, and 1.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.21% of the population.

There were 40 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 82.5% were married couples living together, 2.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 7.5% were non-families. 7.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $26,750. Males had a median income of $29,167 versus $20,139 for females. The per capita income for the township was $11,462. There were 4.7% of families and 8.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 19.1% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Lima Township, Cass County, Minnesota