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Leidschendam-Voorburg

Leidschendam-Voorburg is a municipality in the Western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, just northeast of The Hague. It had a population of 0 in, and covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is water.

Origin
The municipality of Leidschendam-Voorburg is the result of merging the municipalities Leidschendam and Voorburg in 2002. It consists of the two towns Leidschendam and Voorburg, which grew towards each other in the first half of the 20th century. The village Stompwijk and a hamlet called Wilsveen also belong to the municipality.

Leidschendam-Voorburg abuts the city of The Hague and is often regarded as its suburb, even though it is an independent municipality. It is part of the Haaglanden conurbation. Stompwijk is still a rural village, located a few kilometres northeast of Leidschendam.

Historic town centers
Both Leidschendam and Voorburg have their own historic town center, which are decentrally situated.

Historic Leidschendam lies around the ancient locks in the Vliet canal in the eastern part of the town.

About 3 kilometers to the south is the beginning of the Herenstraat, the main street of the Voorburg town center. The center of Voorburg is mainly situated between this half a kilometer long street and the Vliet. The canal also forms the eastern border of the town. The most important buildings like Swaensteyn House, the Old Church (Oude Kerk) and Hofwijck are in or very near the Herenstraat.

Mall of the Netherlands
Until 2019 the Leidschendam shopping mall Leidsenhage was undergoing a total makeover. The new shopping area was expanded to 117.000 square meters. The center also got a new name: "Westfield Mall of the Netherlands".

Sister cities
Leidschendam-Voorburg is twinned with:

The municipality was also twinned with Temecula in California, United States from 1993 to 2019.

Railway
Three railway stations are located within the municipality, providing links with all major cities in the Randstad. The main train station is Voorburg station on The Hague-Utrecht railway line. This station is on the Southern edge of the town centre.

There are two stations on the Rotterdam-Amsterdam line, which are situated on the border of The Hague: Den Haag Laan van NOI (for some Intercity trains and local trains) and Den Haag Mariahoeve (only for local trains).

Light rail
Leidschendam-Voorburg has two stations on the RandstadRail lines. RandstadRail is the official name for a light rail project connecting the cities of The Hague, Rotterdam and Zoetermeer. These lines use former train routes, which are now converted for use by light rail vehicles.

It is a somewhat confusing name as for travelers RandstadRail is only used for tram 3 and 4 to Zoetermeer. The line to Rotterdam is exploited as a branch of the Rotterdam metro: Rotterdam metro line E. Stations in Leidschendam-Voorburg (for both trams and metro) are Voorburg 't Loo and Leidschendam-Voorburg. RandstadRail also stops at Den Haag Laan van NOI train station.

Bus and tram
There are two major bus services running through this municipality. They are HTM and EBS. Several tram trajectories through Leidschendam-Voorburg - run by HTM - connect various parts of the city with each other, as well as with various neighbouring cities.

Roads
Leidschendam-Voorburg is connected to the A4 (Amsterdam - Belgian border by Rotterdam) and A12 (The Hague - German border by Utrecht) motorways, which cross each other near the city center of Voorburg.

The N14 dual carriageway, which connects the A4 at Leidschendam to the N44 dual carriageway at Wassenaar runs through a series of tunnels in the municipality.

Together with a part of motorway A4 and several local roads the N14 forms the Ring Den Haag.

Cycle paths
Like every Dutch municipality, Leidschendam-Voorburg provides a wide range of facilities for cyclers. As an example, on the eastern edge, there are two large cycle bridges that cross different roads and ditches.

Public thinking & public service

 * Jan van Valckenborgh (ca.1575 in Voorburg − 1624) a military engineer who built fortresses
 * Barbera van Meerten-Schilperoort (1778 in Geestbrug – 1853) a Dutch women's rights activist
 * Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (1801 in Voorburg – 1876) a Dutch politician and historian
 * Jacobus Aarden (1914-1997) lived much of his life and died in Voorburg. A member of the municipal council of Voorburg for 20 years, member of House of Representatives
 * Willem Scholten (1927 – 2005 in Leidschendam) a politician, held several ministerial offices
 * Jan Broekman (born 1931 in Voorburg) a philosopher, legal and social scientist, lives in Belgium
 * Theo van Boven (born 1934 in Voorburg) a jurist and professor emeritus in international law
 * Jan de Leeuw (born 1945 in Voorburg) a Dutch statistician, psychometrician and academic
 * Johannes Willibrordus Maria Hendriks (born 1954 in Leidschendam) the Auxiliary Bishop-elect of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Haarlem-Amsterdam since 2011
 * Maxime Verhagen (born 1956) a retired Dutch politician, Deputy Prime Minister 2010/2012, lives in Voorburg
 * Father Roderick Vonhögen (born 1968 in Leidschendam) a Roman Catholic priest, podcaster and new media producer
 * Carla Dik-Faber (born 1971 in Voorburg) a Dutch art historian and politician

The arts

 * Jacob Elias la Fargue (1735–1778) & Karel la Fargue (1738–1793), brothers and painters
 * Marcellus Emants (1848 in Voorburg – 1923) a Dutch naturalist novelist
 * Cornelis Rol (1877-1963) a Dutch graphic artist, painter, lithographer and illustrator; lived and worked in Voorburg from 1929
 * Willem van Genk (1927 in Voorburg – 2005) a Dutch painter and graphic artist of Outsider Art
 * Xander de Buisonjé (born 1973 in Voorburg) a Dutch singer and TV presenter
 * Hans van Hemert (born 1945 in Voorburg) a Dutch record producer and songwriter
 * Toon Verhoef (born 1946 in Voorburg) a Dutch painter, ceramist and art lecturer
 * Johan de Meij (born 1953 in Voorburg) a Dutch conductor, trombonist and composer
 * Frans Schrofer (born 1956 in Voorburg) a Dutch furniture designer and industrial designer
 * Ariane Schluter (born 1966 in Voorburg) a Dutch film actress

Sport

 * Bertha Brouwer (1930 in Leidschendam – 2006) a Dutch sprinter, silver medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics
 * Christiaan van Velzen (born 1932 in Voorburg) a retired Dutch shooter, competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics
 * Gerben Karstens (born 1942 in Voorburg) a former professional racing cyclist, won a team gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics
 * André Stafleu (born 1955 in Leidschendam) a retired Dutch footballer with over 350 club caps
 * Peter Blangé (born 1964 in Voorburg) a retired volleyball player, team silver and gold medallist in the 1992 and 1996 Summer Olympics
 * Edwin Vurens (born 1968 in Stompwijk) a Dutch football manager and former international player with 268 club caps
 * Maurits Crucq (born 1968 in Voorburg) a former field hockey defender, team bronze and gold medallist in the 1988 and 1996 Summer Olympics
 * Maarten van der Linden (born 1969 in Voorburg) a former rower, team silver medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics
 * Sander van Gessel (born 1976 in Leidschendam) a Dutch footballer with 280 club caps
 * Pascal Matla (born 1981 in Leidschendam) a former American football player, grew up in Voorburg
 * Daan van Bunge (born 1982 in Voorburg) a Dutch cricketer
 * Cees Juffermans (born 1982) is a former Dutch short track speed skater, competed at the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics
 * Eljero Elia (born 1987 in Voorburg) a Dutch footballer with over 300 club caps
 * Darius van Driel (born 1989 in Leidschendam) a Dutch professional golfer who plays on the Challenge Tour
 * Daryl Janmaat (born 1989 in Leidschendam) a professional footballer with over 300 club caps
 * Inge Janssen (born 1989 in Voorburg) a Dutch rower, team silver medallist at the 2016 Summer Olympics
 * Dylan van Baarle (born 1992 in Voorburg), Dutch cyclist, winner of Paris-Roubaix and Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, silver medallist in the 2021 world championships

title: Leidschendam-Voorburg


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Liemeer

Liemeer is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It was merged into the municipality of Nieuwkoop on January 1, 2007.

The municipality covered an area of 30.98 km² of which 0.76 km² is water. Its population was 6962 in November 2006. Liemeer consisted of the communities of Nieuwveen, Noorden, Vrouwenakker, and Zevenhoven.

The former municipality of Liemeer was established as a renaming of Nieuwveen in 1994.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Liemeer


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Leaf Mountain Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Leaf Mountain Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 309 at the 2000 census.

Leaf Mountain Township was organized in 1874.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 sqmi, of which 31.9 sqmi is land and 4.1 sqmi (11.35%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 309 people, 116 households, and 90 families living in the township. The population density was 9.7 PD/sqmi. There were 197 housing units at an average density of 6.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.68% White, and 0.32% Native American.

There were 116 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.6% were married couples living together, 0.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $31,429, and the median income for a family was $39,688. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,045. About 10.5% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 16.0% of those 65 or over.


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Liesveld (former municipality)

Liesveld is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, and the region of Alblasserwaard. The former municipality had a population of 9,810 in 2006, and covered an area of 44.44 km2 of which 3.37 km2 was water. Since 2013 Liesveld had been a part of the new municipality of Molenwaard (ceased to exist in 2019).

The former municipality of Liesveld was formed on 1 January 1986 from the former municipalities of Groot-Ammers, Langerak, Nieuwpoort, and Streefkerk. It consisted of the population centres Groot-Ammers, Langerak, Nieuwpoort, Streefkerk, and Waal.

Its name is probably derived from a low-lying swampy area filled with reed grasses (Dutch: lies - Glyceria maxima) near Gelkenes. Castle Liesvelt was built on such a reedy field, giving its name to the Lords of Liesvelt, who owned lands within the municipality.

title: Liesveld (former municipality)


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Lisse

Lisse is a town and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Western Netherlands. The municipality, which lies within the Duin- en Bollenstreek, covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is water. Its population was 0 in. Located within the municipal boundary is also the community De Engel.

Early history
The history of Lisse is closely related and similar to the neighboring towns of Hillegom and Sassenheim. Based on a document from 1198 which makes official mention of the town's name, Lisse celebrated its 800-year anniversary in 1998, although there is an indication that there was already a settlement there in the 10th century.

In the Middle Ages, Lisse was a small settlement; there were only 50 houses in 1500. Because of prolonged warfare (particularly the wars of Charles the Bold and the Eighty Years' War), poverty was prevalent. Its population lived from agriculture, animal husbandry and peat harvesting.

Recent history
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Lisse was, like Hillegom, home to many estates of rich merchants and nobility. The forests and gardens of Keukenhof, Meerenburg, Wildlust, Zandvliet, Overduin en Akervoorde, Wassergeest, Grotenhof, Ter Specke, Dubbelhoven, Rosendaal, Veenenburg en Berkhout, Middelburg, Ter Beek and Uytermeer estates all added to the town's beauty and glory.

Yet in the following centuries, every one of these estates (except Keukenhof) was removed to make way for the cultivation of bulb flowers. The sandy soil in Lisse's surroundings were highly suitable for its growth provided the soil was fertilised. The nearby dunes were excavated and forests cut down progressively over time for more fields for the flower business. This brought employment and prosperity to this area.

Floriculture centre
In the 20th century, the bulb flower business continued to boom, resulting in the establishment of auction and trading houses, large-scale cultivators and cooperatives. Today, Lisse exports bulbflowers in large quantities to over a hundred countries worldwide.

Located at the centre of the "Dune and Bulb Region" (Duin- en Bollenstreek), Holland's flower-growing region, Lisse is also a major tourist attraction. During the spring when the fields around Lisse are in a colourful bloom, hundreds of thousands of local and foreign tourists visit the area. The only remaining estate that was not removed for flower cultivation (Keukenhof) became world-famous for its flower displays.

Tourism and attractions
The most popular attraction in Lisse is Keukenhof, open only during spring when the tulips are flowering. Also each spring a flower parade called the Bollenstreek Bloemencorso is held through the main streets of Lisse. In August the fantasy festival Castlefest is held in the gardens of Castle Keukenhof.

Other places of interest are the museums:
 * Huys Dever, a restored castle tower from the 14th century
 * Castle Keukenhof, part of the Keukenhof estate but open year-round
 * Museum De Zwarte Tulp (Black Tulip Museum), exhibiting the history of the Dutch bulb-growing region

Sports
Lisse is the home of FC Lisse, a football team currently playing in the Zaterdag Topklasse. On 3 May 2008 FC Lisse sealed the championship of the 2007/2008 season in the Hoofdklasse A.

Notable people

 * Abraham Rademaker (1677–1735), a Dutch painter and printmaker
 * Joseph Smit (1836–1929), a Dutch zoological illustrator
 * Wander Johannes de Haas (1878–1960), a Dutch physicist and mathematician, known for the Einstein–de Haas effect
 * Jacob Veldhuyzen van Zanten (1927–1977), a Dutch aircraft captain, died in the Tenerife airport disaster
 * Egbert van 't Oever (1927–2001), a Dutch speed skater, competed in the 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics
 * Adrianus Johannes Simonis (1931–2020), cardinal and Archbishop of Utrecht 1983 to 2007
 * Jenny Arean (born 1942), a Dutch singer, actress and comedian
 * Harry Mens (born 1947), a Dutch real estate broker and television presenter
 * Bram Moolenaar (1961–2023), a Dutch computer programmer, author of Vim, a text editor
 * Marco Vermey (born 1965) a Dutch former professional racing cyclist, rode in the 1994 Tour de France
 * Hans Kroes (born 1965), a Dutch freestyle and backstroke swimmer, competed in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics
 * Gert-Jan Segers (born 1969), a Dutch political scientist and politician
 * Bastiaan Ragas (born 1971), a Dutch actor and singer

title: Lisse


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Lida Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Lida Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 697 at the 2000 census.

Lida Township was organized in 1879, and named for Lake Lida.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 sqmi, of which 20.6 sqmi is land and 15.0 sqmi (42.14%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 697 people, 297 households, and 223 families living in the township. The population density was 33.8 PD/sqmi. There were 976 housing units at an average density of 47.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.57% White, 0.29% Native American, and 0.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.14% of the population.

There were 297 households, out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 1.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 21.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the township the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 32.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,222, and the median income for a family was $48,409. Males had a median income of $35,288 versus $22,396 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,291. About 6.3% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.


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Maasland

Maasland (population: 6,844) is a village in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It lies in the municipality (gemeente) of Midden-Delfland and covers an area of 24.42 km2 (of which 0.64 km2 water). It is located in a countryside area with dairy farms that is surrounded by various urban concentrations, namely the city of Rotterdam, the municipality of Westland (area with intensive greenhouse horticulture activities), and the towns of Vlaardingen and Maassluis.

History
From approximately 700, the area was populated, presumably by Frisians. It was first the royal domain, and later went to the local counts. During the later period, an area of about 1000 ha was made dry and suitable for living. The first signs of a community at the current location of the village started back in 985 when the area was given by the Emperor Otto III to Graaf Dirk II and a church was built. After severe floodings during the 12th century, the Maasdijk was rebuilt and the village centre relocated to its current site. In 1241 Graaf Willem II let the German Teutonic Knights draw on the territory of Maasland. Furthermore, in 1243 a nobleman, Diederik van Coldenhove, gave all his property in Oude Campspolder, north of the current village center, to the Order, and a commandery was established there to manage the properties of the Order in Maasland.

In 1450 the 'Poldermolen' (translation: Poldermill) was built in Maasland.

During the war between Spain and the Netherlands a huge area of the Netherlands was flooded which was part of the strategy of Willem van Oranje. In 1574, these floodings affected Maasland, and once again the village was flooded. It took a couple of years before the villagewas rebuilt and in 1614 part of the village Maasland (which included the Maeslandsluys) gained independency and is known as the town Maassluis.

Until the new village hall was built in 1874 meetings of the village council meetings were held in the tavern 'de Pynas'.

In the late 20th century the village of Maasland and its surrounding communities were governed as the municipality (gemeente) of Maasland, with most governmental functions based in the village.

In 2004, the village of Maasland became part of the municipality (gemeente) of Midden-Delfland upon the merger of the municipality of Maasland and the municipality of Schipluiden.

Places of interest

 * The 'Oude Kerk' (translation: Old Church (founded circa 1400), burned down during the celebrations for freedom after World War II. Restored in 1954.
 * Tavern 'de Pynas', which is still a café.
 * Museum 'de Schilpen', an eighty-year-old grocery store in its original state. Now a museum.
 * The 'Two Mills'

In the news

 * According to Elsevier (a Dutch magazine) Maasland was the wealthiest place in the Netherlands during 2004.
 * In August 2004 the KNMI (Dutch institute for Weather forecasting) reported an extreme high level of rainfall in the Netherlands. In the month August 325mm of rainfall was registered by the weatherstation in Maasland, the highest since the KNMI started measuring the rainfall in 1900.

Famous people from Maasland

 * Michiel Smit, far-right politician

title: Maasland


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Maassluis

Maassluis is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 0 in and covered undefined km2 of which undefined km2 was water.

It received town rights in 1811.

History
Maassluis was founded circa 1340 as a settlement next to a lock (in Dutch: sluis) in the sea barrier between the North Sea and Rotterdam. Originally Maeslandsluys, it was part of Maesland. In 1489 the settlement was sacked. During the Eighty Years' War, Philips of Marnix, lord of Sint-Aldegonde, started to build a defense wall but before its completion, the Spanish captured it in 1573 and Philips of Marnix was taken prisoner. A year later Maeslandsluys was looted by mutinous Spanish troops.

On 16 May 1614, Maeslandsluys was separated from Maesland by the counts of Holland and renamed Maassluis. This separation may have been religiously motivated: Maassluis was predominantly Protestant and Maasland Catholic. In 1624 the defense wall was demolished to make way for the Great Church, started in 1629. Construction stopped for five years because privateers from Dunkirk raided fishing boats from Maassluis, throwing their crew overboard. It was finished in 1639. On 4 December 1732, the Garrels Organ was inaugurated. Built from 1730 to 1732 by Rudolf Garrels, a pupil of Arp Schnitger, it was a gift by Govert van Wijn, ship-owner from Maassluis.

In 1811 Napoleon Bonaparte granted town rights.

During World War II, the working population was transferred to Germany for the war industry. Maassluis' ancient church was hit by allied bombers.

Jewish history
The Jewish community had its own synagogue, a teacher, a singer and a ritual butcher. Its most common professions were salesman, street trader and butcher. The economy was vulnerable and community growth ended with the industrial revolution. The area became easier to reach and competition became too much. The number of Jews fell from 92 to eight between 1892 and 1930. A cause was the building of a railway in 1881 between Maassluis and Rotterdam. Most Jewish traders moved to Rotterdam, The Hague and Amsterdam, which in the last decade of the 19th century had a growing Jewish population.

Integration in Maassluis ended during the Second World War. The Coltof and Van Gelderen families were deported in 1942 and murdered in Auschwitz.

Economy
Maassluis was historically dependent on the fishing near the coast and off Iceland. In the 19th century the tugboat company, L. Smit, and the marine salvage company W.A. van den Tak merged to become Smit-Tak, now a division of the world's largest salvage company, Smit International. Also, there is still a large shipping agency called Royal Dirkzwager. Maassluis is now mainly a commuter town for Rotterdam.

People born in Maassluis

 * Bartholomeus Meyburgh (1624-1708) a Dutch Golden Age painter of portraits and history
 * Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920) journalist, theologian & Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1901/1905
 * Louis Fles (1872-1940), businessman, activist and author
 * Cornelis Lievense (1890-1949) businessman, president of the Union Banking Corporation
 * Arie Bijl (1908–1945) a Dutch theoretical physicist and WWII resistance man
 * brothers Bas van Toor (born 1935) & Aad van Toor (born 1942), clowns, a former Dutch circus duo
 * Maarten 't Hart (born 1944) biologist and writer
 * Agnes van Ardenne (born 1950) a retired Dutch politician and diplomat
 * Niko Koffeman (born 1958) a Dutch politician and animal rights activist
 * Chris Woerts (born 1959) former journalist, businessman interested in sport

Sport

 * Jan Verhaas (born 1966), a Dutch snooker and pool referee
 * Koen Pijpers (born 1969), a Dutch retired field hockey player
 * Françoise Harteveld (born 1977), a Dutch judoka
 * Khalid Boulahrouz (born 1981), a Dutch former footballer with 235 club caps
 * Tonny Trindade de Vilhena (born 1995), footballer with over 200 club caps

In media
Maassluis was the setting for Spetters, filmed by director Paul Verhoeven in 1980.

title: Maassluis


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Maine Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Maine Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 665 at the 2020 census.

History
Maine Township was organized in 1871, and named after the state of Maine, the native home of an early settler.

Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas was born in Maine Township in 1898.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93.1 km2), of which 30.1 square miles (78.0 km2) is land and 5.8 square miles (15.1 km2) (16.24%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 686 people, 285 households, and 210 families residing in the township. The population density was 22.8 PD/sqmi. There were 556 housing units at an average density of 18.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.52% White, 0.29% African American, 0.44% Native American, 1.60% Asian, and 0.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 285 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 32.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $36,875, and the median income for a family was $47,321. Males had a median income of $32,188 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,744. About 5.1% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.


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Middelharnis

Middelharnis is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, on the island of Goeree-Overflakkee. The town had a population of about 6,800 in 2012. On 1 January 2013, Middelharnis merged with Goedereede, Dirksland, and Oostflakkee into the new municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.

History
The village was first mentioned in 1466 as "die Middelharnisse". The etymology is disputed. Middelharnis developed after a dike was built around the Oudeland polder in 1465. In 1598, a fish auction was built in Middelharnis and it developed into a regional centre.

The Dutch Reformed church is a double aisled cruciform church from the 15th century. The tower was built in stages from c. 1475 until c.  1520. The church was devastated by fire in 1904 and later restored.

The former town hall is a prominently situated neoclassic building with ridge turret built between 1639 and 1640. It was designed by Arent van 's-Gravesande. It was extended between 1834 and 1839. The town hall is in use as the Rien Poortvliet since 1992.

Middelharnis was home to 3,104 people in 1840 and was home to 7,755 people in 2022. It merged with Sommelsdijk into a single urban area. It was an independent municipality until 2013 when it merged into Goeree-Overflakkee. The town hall of the new municipality is located in Middelharnis.

Middelharnis has a shopping area called D'n Diek. This shopping center settled itself on a dike which used to be the last barrier for the town from the Haringvliet. The town hosts two public and one Christian high school. Middelharnis has an inland harbor with connection to the Haringvliet. There is also a small beach which can get very crowded in the summertime. In Middelharnis the old main street has the old municipality building.

title: Middelharnis


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Moordrecht

Moordrecht is a village and a former municipality in the province of South Holland, the Netherlands, situated along the river Hollandse IJssel.

In September 2006, 93% of the population of Moordrecht chose by referendum to pursue a merger with the neighboring municipalities Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel and Zevenhuizen-Moerkapelle. Only 7% chose to merge with Gouda. Based on this result, the town council decided to form the new municipality Zuidplas in 2010 with Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel and Zevenhuizen-Moerkapelle.

International footballer Memphis Depay was born there.

"Moor" means swamp, marsh or 'moor' while "drecht" means floodland or something similar.

title: Moordrecht


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Maplewood Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Maplewood Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 333 at the 2000 census.

Maplewood Township was originally called St. Agnes Township, and under the latter name was organized in 1880. The township was renamed in 1882 for the sugar maple trees within its borders.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 square miles (92.2 km2), of which 32.0 square miles (82.8 km2) is land and 3.6 square miles (9.4 km2) (10.17%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 333 people, 131 households, and 97 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.4 PD/sqmi. There were 173 housing units at an average density of 5.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 93.99% White, 0.30% African American, 2.10% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 2.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population.

There were 131 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.0% were married couples living together, 3.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $45,250, and the median income for a family was $48,333. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $22,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $23,181. About 4.0% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.


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Naaldwijk

Naaldwijk is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Westland, and lies about 10 km (6 miles) southwest of The Hague.

Naaldwijk lies in the heart of Westland. The largest economic sector is greenhouse horticulture. The largest flower auction site in the world, operated by, can be found in the nearby village of Honselersdijk.

Naaldwijk was previously a municipality in its own right, covering an area of 25.33 km2 (9¾ sq. mi.) (of which 0.23 km2; 57 acres water). It included the towns Honselersdijk and Maasdijk.

On 1 January 2004 the municipality of Naaldwijk was merged with the neighbouring municipalities De Lier, 's-Gravenzande, Monster, and Wateringen to create the municipality of Westland. Naaldwijk is now the administrative capital of Westland.

The village of "Naaldwijk" has a population of around 15,440. The statistical area "Naaldwijk", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 17,370.

Areas and neighbourhoods

 * Galgenblok
 * Opstal
 * Woerdblok (Waterwijk, Zandstrand, Zandheuvel, Waterrijk)
 * Pijletuinen
 * Kruisbroek
 * Geestcomplex
 * Hoogeland
 * Floriëndaal

title: Naaldwijk


text:
Nederlek

Nederlek is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Since 2015 it has been a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard.

The former municipality covered an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 was covered by water. It was formed on 1 January 1985, by the amalgamation of the municipalities Krimpen aan de Lek and Lekkerkerk. Its name means "Lower Lek", a reference to its location on the Lek River.

There is no town called Nederlek; the former municipality consisted of the population centres Krimpen aan de Lek and Lekkerkerk. The last town gained notoriety in 1980 when a large amount of toxic waste was found underneath a residential area built in the 1970s. The cost of cleaning up the mess ran up to 188 million guilders (approximately 90 million US dollars).

title: Nederlek


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New York Mills, Minnesota

New York Mills is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,294 at the 2020 census.

History
New York Mills was platted in 1883. The city was originally built up chiefly by Finns.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 1.30 sqmi, all land.

Transportation
U.S. Route 10 serves as a main route in the city.

Amtrak’s Empire Builder, which operates between Seattle/Portland and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest stations are located in Staples, 31 mi to the southeast, and Detroit Lakes, 32 mi to the northwest.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,199 people, 533 households, and 287 families living in the city. The population density was 922.3 PD/sqmi. There were 602 housing units at an average density of 463.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 0.3% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 533 households, of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 38.9 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.0% male and 54.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,158 people, 492 households, and 276 families living in the city. The population density was 926.7 PD/sqmi. There were 535 housing units at an average density of 428.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.53% White, 0.09% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.17% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population. 27.4% were of German, 25.5% Finnish, 13.5% Norwegian, and 5.4% Swedish ancestry.

There were 492 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.9% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 31.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,596, and the median income for a family was $35,536. Males had a median income of $29,286 versus $18,333 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,949. About 11.7% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of those under age 18 and 19.0% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and economic development
New York Mills was founded in 1884 by Finnish immigrants. Major industries include agriculture (row crops, grain and dairy farming), Lund Boat Company fishing boat manufacturers, and a variety of service professions. Tourism is an increasingly important economic factor in the area; Otter Tail County contains 1,048 of the state's lakes,

New York Mills Regional Cultural Center
Faced with the economic challenges and decreasing population of many rural communities, New York Mills decided to invest in a Regional Arts Center in an attempt to bring tourism to the area. In 1991, the city contributed $35,000 to the Regional Arts Retreat and Cultural Center to convert a downtown mercantile building into a multi-use arts and cultural facility. As a per-capita investment, this expenditure was the equivalent of Minneapolis giving $13.7 million to an arts facility. The center, remodeled through a community-wide volunteer effort, opened in June 1992, as a nonprofit arts organization founded by John Davis. Further renovations include a hardwood maple floor in the main gallery and an outdoor deck completed in 2005. While other communities withered in the face of declining populations and deteriorating main streets, New York Mills has remained stable economically, and the Cultural Center continues to draw people, activity, revenue and national attention.

Programs

 * Artist-In-Residence Program
 * Education/Outreach programs
 * Gallery Exhibits
 * “Great American Think-Off” Annual Philosophical Debate
 * Literary and Theater Events
 * Music Concert Series
 * Sculpture Park

Past exhibiting artists

 * Robin Barcus Slonina
 * Charles Beck
 * Betsy Bowen
 * Duane & Bambi Goodwin
 * Eric Johnson
 * Kent Kapplinger
 * Maxwell MacKenzie
 * David Salmela
 * Charvis Harrell

Notable people

 * Peter Hayes, indie rock guitarist and singer
 * Janet Karvonen, pioneer for girls' basketball
 * Dean Simpson, businessman, Minnesota state legislator, and mayor

title: New York Mills, Minnesota


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Nieuw-Lekkerland

Nieuw-Lekkerland is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It is situated on the southern shores of the Lek River, in the north-west of the Alblasserwaard.

The town's name evolved slightly over time: in 1280 Leckerlant, in 1331 Niewe Leckerland, and in 1903 Nieuw Lekkerland. It means "land of or near the river Lek" with the addition of "nieuw" ("new") to distinguish it from Old Lekkerland (now Lekkerkerk) across the river.

History
The name Nieue-Leckelant appears for the first time around 1325. The most notable building used to be Castle Schoonenburg. Because of its elevated location on a mount, it served as a refuge for the people during floods before the reclamation of the Alblasserwaard. After 1456, the castle was abandoned and became a ruin. Its remains were thereafter probably used to rebuild a church tower. Only the mount is still visible. In 1848, the Reformed Church was built.

Nieuw-Lekkerland's economy was based on agriculture, cattle raising, and fishing. In the 19th century, ship building and industry developed, resulting in an increasing population: from 770 in 1820, 1153 in 1840, 2000 in 1867, to 9400 in 2004.

In 2013, the municipality of Nieuw-Lekkerland merged into the new municipality of Molenwaard. In 2019, Molenwaard merged into Molenlanden.

Attractions
The number one attraction nearby are the adjacent windmills at Kinderdijk.

In Nieuw-Lekkerland, a retirement home on the Lek dike was built in 1885, designed by Aart den Boer. It was commissioned as a dike management house by Leendert Smit Fopzoon, Ambachtsheer van Nieuw-Lekkerland and his spouse Neeltje Smit. The eclectic-styled building has space for about 15 inhabitants and a landlord. The basement houses the kitchen, the ground floor holds the common room and the second floor contains the room of the regent.

title: Nieuw-Lekkerland


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Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel

Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel (population: 22,344 in 2004) is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Since 2010 it is part of the new municipality of Zuidplas.

It is situated along the Hollandsche IJssel river, across from the town Ouderkerk aan den IJssel.

Within the boundaries of this municipality lies the lowest point of the Netherlands: 6.76 m below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (mean summer sea level in Amsterdam). It is the hometown of Miss Universe 1989, Angela Visser.

History
Nieuwerkerk was probably first formed circa 1250. The first reference to "Nuwekerke" is from 1282 when Count Floris V loaned the land between Kralingen and Gouda to a certain Traveys of Moordrecht. Another reference is from 22 January 1317 when Count William III of Holland sold the fiefdoms Capelle and Nieuwerkerk to John III van de Werve, Lord of Hovorst for 325 Dutch Pounds.

The original old village formed on a mount between shallow lakes. These lakes were the result of peat harvesting. In 1839 the first one was drained and made into a polder, the current Zuidplaspolder, and in 1866, the Alexanderpolder was made.

The railway between Rotterdam and Gouda was built in 1855 and resulted in the growth of the village. Other periods of rapid development followed after the Second World War and in the early 1980s.

During the North Sea Flood of 1953, a dike along that river broke, and the mayor of Nieuwerkerk successfully managed to plug the hole by ordering shipper Arie Evegroen to navigate his grain barge Twee Gebroeders (Two Brothers) into it.

Transport

 * Railway station: Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel

title: Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel


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Newton Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Newton Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 751 at the 2000 census.

Newton Township was originally called New York Mills Township, and under the latter name was organized in 1877. The present name was adopted in 1883.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.2 square miles (91.2 km$2$), of which 35.0 square miles (90.6 km$2$) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.6 km$2$) (0.71%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 751 people, 265 households, and 218 families residing in the township. The population density was 21.5 people per square mile (8.3/km$2$). There were 293 housing units at an average density of 8.4/sq mi (3.2/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.93% White, 0.13% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.13% Asian, and 0.67% from two or more races.

There were 265 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.2% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.7% were non-families. 15.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the township the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $39,196, and the median income for a family was $41,364. Males had a median income of $26,406 versus $20,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,925. About 8.4% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.


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Nieuwkoop

Nieuwkoop is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality was enlarged on 1 January 2007, through the amalgamation of Liemeer and Ter Aar. The municipality now covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is water. Its population was 0 in.

On May 3, 2008, the Dutch newspaper Algemeen Dagblad published an article which stated that Nieuwkoop is the safest municipality of the Netherlands.

The municipality of Nieuwkoop includes the following communities: • Aardam

• Korteraar

• Langeraar

• Nieuwkoop

• Nieuwveen

• Noordeinde

• Noorden

• Noordsedorp

• Papenveer

• Ter Aar

• Vrouwenakker

• Woerdense Verlaat

• Zevenhoven

History
The oldest part of Nieuwkoop are the buildings along the Nieuwkoopse Plassen (Nieuwkoop's Ponds), many of which are completely surrounded by water and accessible over individual bridges to the main road. The Nieuwkoopse Plassen are shallow lakes that were dug for peat harvesting in the 16th century and are now designated as a natural monument. New neighborhoods north-west of the main road are built after World War II.

Notable people

 * John of Leiden (1509 in Zevenhoven – 1536) a Dutch leader of the Anabaptism movement in Münster
 * Catharina Oostfries (1636 in Nieuwkoop – 1708) a Dutch Golden Age glass painter
 * Willem van Eijk (1941 in Korteraar – 2019) a twice convicted Dutch serial killer
 * Daan Roosegaarde (born 1979 in Nieuwkoop) a Dutch artist who merges technology and art
 * Froukje (born 2001 in Nieuwkoop) a Dutch singer-songwriter

Sport

 * Wil Burgmeijer (born 1947 in Ter Aar) a retired Dutch speed skater, competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics
 * Jos Valentijn (born 1952 in Ter Aar) a retired speed skater
 * Petra de Bruin (born 1962 in Nieuwkoop) a Dutch former cyclist
 * Ralph Schwarz (1967 in Nieuwkoop – 1992) a Dutch rower, competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics
 * Arjan van der Laan (born 1969 in Nieuwkoop) a Dutch former footballer with 427 club caps, was manager of the Netherlands women's national football team
 * Sander Berk (born 1979 in Nieuwveen) a Dutch triathlete
 * Laurien van der Graaff (born 1987 in Nieuwkoop) a Swiss cross-country skier, competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Switzerland
 * Melissa Wijfje (born 1995 in Ter Aar) a Dutch allround speed skater

title: Nieuwkoop


text:
Noordwijk

Noordwijk is a town and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is water and had a population of 0 in.

On 1 January 2019, the former municipality of Noordwijkerhout became part of Noordwijk.

Besides its beaches, Noordwijk is also known for its bulb flower fields. It is located in an area called the "Dune and Bulb Region" (Duin- en Bollenstreek).

Noordwijk is also the location of the headquarters for the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), part of the European Space Agency (ESA). ESA's visitors' centre Space Expo is a permanent space exhibition.

Communities
The municipality of Noordwijk consists of the communities Noordwijk aan Zee and Noordwijk-Binnen, separated by a narrow green belt, as well as Noordwijkerhout and De Zilk.

Noordwijk aan Zee
Noordwijk aan Zee was founded around 1200 as a fishing village. Until the beginning of the 19th century, fishing remained its primary business, but then began to be replaced by the growing tourism industry. Nowadays because of its long sandy beaches, it is a popular resort town with 1,000,000 overnight stays per year. It has a lighthouse & a KNRM rescue station. Furthermore, it has a reformed church (1647) with a pulpit from the 17th century.

Noordwijk aan Zee is rated as the 12th richest location in the Netherlands.

A small part of the indigenous population of Noordwijk aan Zee speaks Noordwijks, a very original Dutch dialect, which sounds like Katwijks, but in Noordwijk the dialect is almost gone, compared to Katwijk, where more people speak in (partly) dialect.

Noordwijk-Binnen
Because of the martyrdom of Priest Jeroen in 857, the Archbishop of Utrecht made Noordwijk-Binnen a pilgrimage location in 1429. Both the Catholic and Protestant churches here are named after this priest.

Noordwijk-Binnen has retained its historic character and is therefore protected by the Dutch Monument Law. An interesting historic view is shown by the picture of Gerard van der Laan with the view to the Jeroenskerk. In the foreground is a canal with two sailboats for inland waterways.

The area around Noordwijk-Binnen has long been an important part of the regional bulb flower industry. The dunes were dug out and transformed into fields for the cultivation of bulb flowers. The territory of Noordwijk still consists mostly of geest. The bulb region is formed of Noordwijk together with surrounding municipalities.

Nature
North (and to a lesser extent south) of Noordwijk spreads a relatively vast dune area, in which a varied wild flora and fauna (with among others pine forests and deer) is observable for bikers, walkers and gallopers. North of Noordwijk, large areas of dunes are covered by the natura 2000 act. Part of which holds house to the Kennemer Zweefvlieg Club.

Personalities and public figures in Noordwijk
Public figures who lived in Noordwijk or sought recovery were Thomas Mann, Maria Montessori (buried in Noordwijk) among others, the entrepreneur Alfred Heineken, ex-Empress Soraya, the poet Henriette Roland Holst, the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, the writer Stefan George, the pianist Pia Beck, the tenor Jacques Urlus, the writer Margriet de Moor as well as painters and artists such as Marinus Gidding, Gerard van der Laan, Max Liebermann, Daniël Noteboom, Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller and known film actors.

The landscape painter Ludolph Berkemeier (buried in Noordwijk) moved in 1896 to Noordwijk. His paintings are in the style of the Hague School.

Noordwijk is also home of football coach Louis van Gaal.

In March 2014, the US President Barack Obama and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping stayed in Noordwijk

Part of Martin Ritt's adaptation of John le Carre's The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965), starring Richard Burton, was filmed at Koningin Astrid Boulevard in Noordwijk. This is where Burton's character Alec Leamas is taken for initial interrogation after appearing to defect to the East.

Notable people

 * Janus Dousa (1545–1604) Lord of Noordwyck, a Dutch statesman, jurist, historian, poet and philologist
 * Petrus Jacobus Runckel (1822 in Noordwijk-Binnen – 1860) a Dutch colonial government official in the Dutch Gold Coast
 * Henriette Roland Holst (1869–1952) a Dutch poet and council communist, Nobel Prize in Literature nominee
 * Freddy Heineken (1923 – 2002 in Noordwijk) a Dutch businessman for Heineken International
 * Lodewijk Woltjer (1930–2019) an astronomer
 * Margriet de Moor (born 1941) a Dutch pianist and writer of novels and essays
 * Leendert van Utrecht (born 1969) a retired Dutch footballer with 300 club caps
 * Joris Putman (born 1984) a Dutch actor
 * Janieck Devy (born 1994) a Dutch singer-songwriter, musician and actor

World War II bunker complex
Just north of Noordwijk, buried in the North Sea dunes, lies one of the biggest and most extensive bunker complexes in the Netherlands of the World War II Atlantic Wall defenses, constructed under Nazi Germany occupation. Some 80 bunkers and underground structures housed 180 soldiers, and were connected by 400 metres (a quarter-mile) of tunnels, equipped with narrow rail-tracks for moving heavy ammunition. The central, S414 design, fire command bunker alone counts three-man-high stories deep, and with walls up to 3 m thick, it consists of more than 1,800 m3 of concrete – the equivalent content of some 300 modern cement trucks. Four heavy gun bunkers housed 155mm cannons and doubled as living quarters. Two other large bunkers stored ammunition.

The fire control bunker offered an excellent view of the coastal sea, used for observation and ballistic trajectory calculation, to control the entire gun battery. In 2001, the central command bunker was reopened as a museum, refitted with mostly original equipment. Because the Germans kept the men busy building further bunkers, pill-boxes, etc., by war's end the complex counted almost one underground structure for every two men.

Museum of Comic Art, Noordwijk

 * Since 2021 Noordwijk has its own comics museum, the MoCA, or Museum of Comic Art, Noordwijk.

title: Noordwijk


text:
Nidaros Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Nidaros Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 317 at the 2000 census.

Nidaros Township was organized in 1871, and named for Nidaros, the former name of the city of Trondheim, Norway.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 34.5 square miles (89.3 km$2$), of which 30.9 square miles (80.0 km$2$) is land and 3.6 square miles (9.3 km$2$) (10.39%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 317 people, 133 households, and 96 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.3 people per square mile (4.0/km$2$). There were 308 housing units at an average density of 10.0/sq mi (3.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.05% White and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.95% of the population.

There were 133 households, out of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the township the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 19.2% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 23.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there are 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $37,969. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $13,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,234. About 2.2% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under the age of 18 and 2.4% of those 65 and older.


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Noordwijkerhout

Noordwijkerhout is a town and former municipality in the western part of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The town is currently part of the municipality of Noordwijk and lies in the bulb-growing region (the Duin- en Bollenstreek) of the Netherlands, which is famed for its tulips.

The former municipality of Noordwijkerhout covered an area of undefined km2, of which undefined km2 was water, and had a population of 0 in. It also included the village of De Zilk, which together with the town of Noordwijkerhout became part of the municipality of Noordwijk on 1 January 2019.

History
The coastal dunes where Noordwijkerhout is located have been inhabited since prehistoric times. Archaeological digs in the area just north outside of town have found items and implements from before Christ. During the Roman era, this region was inhabited by a Germanic tribe, called Cananefates by the Roman writer Tacitus.

Recreation and tourism
Noordwijkerhout is about 5 kilometers from the North Sea and provides access to the beach and nearby hiking opportunities through the dunes. Just north of town is the Oosterduinse meer (Eastern Dune's Lake) which is used for swimming and windsurfing. The center is also historical and have a church Witte kerkje.

Noordwijkerhout is located in an area called the "Dune and Bulb Region" (Duin- en Bollenstreek). In the spring when the bulb flower fields are in bloom, many tourist come to the region to admire them. The town's fair is held during the first week of September.

Dutch topographic map of the municipality of Noordwijkerhout, June 2015

Notable residents

 * Bill Vander Zalm, 28th Premier of British Columbia, Canada

Twin towns – Sister cities
Noordwijkerhout has one sister city in Japan
 * 🇯🇵 Hirado, Nagasaki, Japan (Sister city)

title: Noordwijkerhout


text:
Oegstgeest

Oegstgeest is a town and municipality in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands. Its population was 0 in.

Etymology
The portion geest in the name refers to the geest lands, which were excavated in the seventeenth century for the benefit of the urban expansion of Leiden.

There exists more uncertainty about the 'Oegst' part. There are various stories. The name was formerly often spelled Oestgeest or Oostgeest, which could indicate the geographical location of the village: east of the geest lands. However, the oldest spelling found in a copy of a list of goods of the St. Martin's Cathedral in Utrecht from the tenth century states Osgeresgeest. This could indicate an original resident and owner of the territory: Osger.

In the Middle Ages they also spoke of the Church of Kerckwerve if one referred to the Oegstgeester parish church (now the Green Church).

History
Oegstgeest is one of the earliest inhabited places along the coast. Evidence of a Batavian settlement from the second century was found in 1946 in an extension of a coastal dune in the Elgeesterpolder, although it is not certain whether this location remained permanently inhabited in the centuries after that.

By the 9th century, there was already a little church in the same location as the current Little Green Church (Groen Kerkje) which, according to legend, was dedicated by Willibrord. The existence of this church is an indication that there may have been a community there.

From the 11th to the 14th century, Oegstgeest enjoyed a period of progress. This ended when Leiden was granted city rights. The carrying out of trades and construction were no longer permitted within a certain distance from the city. In 1399, the heerlijkheid of Oegstgeest and that of Poelgeest were merged because their declining populations could no longer afford to pay the required taxes to the Count of Holland.

Until the 19th century the boundary of Oegstgeest extended right to the city walls and moats of Leiden. But in the 19th and 20th century, it conceded more and more of its territory to the rapidly expanding city of Leiden.

Before the early 20th century, Oegstgeest had a rural character and did not have a centre of population. It consisted of several unconnected smaller settlements. Only after 1900 were new neighbourhoods built between the settlements. First Wilhelminapark was built, followed by Prins Hendrikpark (circa 1915), Buitenlust or Indische Buurt (1925), Julianapark, Oranjepark, and Emmapark (1920-1950), and Grunerie and the area between Emmalaan and Lange Voort (1950s). In the 1980s and 1990s, the Haaswijk and Morsebel neighbourhoods were built, followed by Poelgeest in the 2000s. In 2006 construction started on a new neighbourhood, Nieuw Rhijngeest.

Geography
The municipality of Oegstgeest covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is water. Oegstgeest lies just to the north of Leiden, with which it is conjoined in a conurbation and formed the Leiden region. Oegstgeest is a separate municipality, but it is effectively a suburb of Leiden. The municipality of Katwijk is to the west, the municipality of Teylingen to the north, the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) to the northeast and Leiderdorp to the east.

Sports
Oegstgeest has 2 football clubs: FC Oegstgeest and ASC. At the latter cricket is also played. FIKS is the local korfball team. At LOHC hockey is played and the neighbouring OLTC (founded 1886) is the tennis club of the municipality. Oegstgeest has one volleyball club called VCO.

Notable people

 * Gustaaf Schlegel (1840 in Oegstgeest – 1903) a Dutch sinologist and field naturalist
 * Jan van Gilse (1881-1944 in Oegstgeest) a Dutch composer and conductor
 * Carel Polak (1909–1981 in Oegstgeest) a Dutch politician and jurist
 * Johan Ferrier (1910–2010 in Oegstgeest) a Surinamese politician, the first President of Suriname 1975 to 1980
 * Kees Bol (1916 in Oegstgeest – 2009) a Dutch painter and art educator
 * Edzo Toxopeus (1918 – 2009 in Oegstgeest) a Dutch politician, diplomat and jurist
 * Dick Blok (1925 in Oegstgeest – 2019) a Dutch scholar of onomastics
 * Jan Wolkers (1925 in Oegstgeest - 2007) a Dutch author, sculptor and painter
 * Aad Kosto (born 1938 in Oegstgeest) a retired Dutch politician and jurist
 * Ram Lakhina (born 1939) an Indian entrepreneur and community leader, lives in Oegstgeest
 * Hans Blokland (born 1943 in Oegstgeest) a former Dutch politician and former MEP
 * Harold Goddijn (born 1960 in Oegstgeest) CEO of the Dutch electronics company TomTom
 * Theo Maassen (born 1966 in Oegstgeest) a Dutch comedian and actor
 * Diederik Stapel (born 1966), professor known for fabricating research data

Sport

 * Boudewijn Binkhorst (born 1942 in Oegstgeest) a sailor, competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics
 * Freek van de Graaff (1944 in Oegstgeest – 2009) a Dutch rower, team bronze medallist at the 1964 Summer Olympics
 * Jan Smeets (born 1985 in Oegstgeest) a Dutch chess grandmaster

title: Oegstgeest


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Oostflakkee

Oostflakkee is a former municipality on the island of Goeree-Overflakkee in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The former municipality covered an area of about 107 km2 (of which about 33 km2 was covered by water), and had a population of about 10,000 in 2007. On January 1, 2013, Oostflakkee merged with Goedereede, Dirksland, and Middelharnis into the new municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.

The former municipality of Oostflakkee was formed by the amalgamation of the former municipalities of Den Bommel, Ooltgensplaat, and Oude Tonge in 1966. It consisted of the communities of Achthuizen, Langstraat, Den Bommel (with Zuidzijde), Ooltgensplaat, Oude-Tonge, and Zuidzijde.

Oude Tonge was the main town of this former municipality and has a considerable industrial area. It also has a large busstation. Den Bommel is quite similar as Stad aan 't Haringvliet with a harbor and beach on the shores of the Haringvliet. A few kilometers east of Den Bommel there is Zuidzijde, a very small town with a neat looking watertower. Ooltgensplaat is the most eastward town on the island with a harbor on the Volkerak. The town has a very old and beautiful municipal building. This town is the yearly start and finish of De Omloop - a 100+ km walk around the island in a 24-hour period. This event attracts thousands every year either participants or bystanders. It is held yearly in the latter half of August. Achthuizen and Langstraat are other small towns nearby Ooltgensplaat.

title: Oostflakkee


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Norwegian Grove Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Norwegian Grove Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 349 at the 2000 census.

Norwegian Grove Township was organized in 1873. A large share of the early settlers being natives of Norway caused the name to be selected.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92.3 km$2$), of which 33.6 square miles (87.0 km$2$) is land and 2.1 square miles (5.3 km$2$) (5.78%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 349 people, 124 households, and 98 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.4 people per square mile (4.0/km$2$). There were 144 housing units at an average density of 4.3/sq mi (1.7/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.43% White, 0.29% Native American, and 0.29% from two or more races.

There were 124 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.4% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 16.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $28,571, and the median income for a family was $30,972. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $12,029. About 20.4% of families and 23.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.9% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over.

Related Reading

 * Estensen, Gene War Comes to Norwegian Grove (Telelaget of America)


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Oud-Beijerland

Oud-Beijerland is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, now a part of the Hoeksche Waard municipality. With a population of 24,575 in 2020, it is the most populous town of the Hoeksche Waard island. The town is located adjacent to the confluence of the Oude Maas and Spui River.

The town of Oud-Beijerland also includes the communities Vuurbaken and Zinkweg.

History
After the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), large parts of the islands Putten and Grote Waard were lost and became clay banks and salt marshes which would be inundated at high tide and be unsuitable for habitation. In subsequent centuries, portions of land would be reclaimed.

Oud-Beijerland was formed in 1559 as "Beijerland" by Lamoral, Count of Egmont. He was granted the rights to this area in 1557 and had the land reclaimed. This new polder was named Beijerland, Moerkerken, Cromstrijen en de Greup. Circa 1624 the smaller polders Bosschenpolder and Nieuwlandpolder were added to it. Beijerland was named after Sabina of Bavaria (Dutch: Beijeren), wife of the Count of Egmont.

In 1582 the name was changed to Oud-Beijerland, in order to distinguish it from Nieuw-Beijerland which was formed several kilometers to the west.

In 1604 the village got its churchtower from Sabina van Beijeren, and in 1622 the town hall was built. Oud-Beijerland then became one of the most important market places of the Hoeksche Waard. Its economy was dependent on trade, industry, agriculture and fishing. This brought prosperity which is still reflected in the elegant mansions along the Vliet.

From the end of the 19th century until ca. 1955, a tram connected Oud-Beijerland with Rotterdam. The tram was nicknamed "Het Moordenaartje" (The Little Murderer) because of the high rate of casualties involved with its operation.

title: Oud-Beijerland


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Oak Valley Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Oak Valley Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 362 at the 2000 census.

Oak Valley Township was organized in 1877, and named for the valley of Oak Creek.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92.5 km$2$), all land.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 362 people, 136 households and 101 families residing in the township. The population density was 10.1 per square mile (3.9/km$2$). There were 156 housing units at an average density of 4.4/sq mi (1.7/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.90% White, 0.55% Native American, and 0.55% from two or more races.

There were 136 households, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.09.

27.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.3 males.

The median household income was $23,500 and the median family income was $25,455. Males had a median income of $23,750 and females $15,750. The per capita income was $10,439. About 19.1% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.8% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over.


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Ouderkerk

Ouderkerk is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Since 2015 it has been a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard.

The former municipality covered an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 was water. It was formed on 1 January 1985, after a municipal reorganization.

The former municipality of Ouderkerk consisted of the population centres Gouderak, Lageweg, Ouderkerk aan den IJssel, and IJssellaan, all situated along the Hollandse IJssel river.

Topography

Dutch Topographic map of the former municipality of Ouderkerk, 2013.

title: Ouderkerk


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Papendrecht

Papendrecht is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, at the crossing of the River Beneden Merwede and the Noord River. The municipality had a population of 0 in and covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is water.

Although Papendrecht is first mentioned in documents dating back to 1105, it remained a small settlement until the 1950s. In the 1960s its development accelerated and almost its entire area is now urbanized. It is, however, known for its 180-year-old linden tree by the river.

Economy
The largest company headquartered in Papendrecht is Royal Boskalis Westminster.

The aerospace company Fokker Technologies is also headquartered in Papendrecht.

Transportation
Papendrecht has three water taxi stops, one at the Beneden Merwede River, one at the Noord River, and one near Kooihaven. Bus services are provided by Arriva. Bus service Qliner ( part of Arriva ) has got a stop in Papendrecht for its bus service from Dordrecht to Utrecht and back.

Notable people

 * Anton Willem Nieuwenhuis (1864–1953) a Dutch explorer and physician, studied the Dayak people
 * Carel Visser (1928–2015) a Dutch abstract-minimalist, constructivist sculptor
 * Jan Klijnjan (1945–2022) a Dutch former international footballer with over 300 club caps
 * Ronald Bandell (1946–2015) a Dutch civil servant and politician, Mayor of Papendrecht 1987–1995
 * Yolanda Hadid (born 1964) a Dutch-American TV personality and former model
 * Guido van der Werve (born 1977) a Dutch filmmaker and visual artist
 * Liza van der Most (born 1993) a Dutch footballer, who has played 137 games for AFC Ajax women
 * Julia Bergshoeff (born 1997) a Dutch fashion model
 * Naomi Visser (born 2001) a Dutch gymnast

title: Papendrecht


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Orwell Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Orwell Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 173 at the 2000 census.

History
Orwell Township was organized in 1886, and named after Orwell, Vermont.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.9 square miles (90.4 km$2$), of which 33.4 square miles (86.4 km$2$) is land and 1.5 square miles (4.0 km$2$) (4.44%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 173 people, 62 households, and 49 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.2 people per square mile (2.0/km$2$). There were 68 housing units at an average density of 2.0/sq mi (0.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.84% White, 0.58% African American, and 0.58% from two or more races.

There were 62 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.7% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 130.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,757. About 10.0% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 12.5% of those 65 or over.


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Pijnacker-Nootdorp

Pijnacker-Nootdorp is a municipality in the Randstad conurbation in the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is water.

The municipality of Pijnacker-Nootdorp comprises three settlements: Delfgauw, Nootdorp and Pijnacker. It also contains seven historical hamlets (one of which is partially in Delft), which all fall under one or more of the settlements for all intents and purposes. It is the result of merging the municipalities of Pijnacker and Nootdorp in 2002, with parts being annexed by neighbouring The Hague. It is part of Greater The Hague, but it also borders Delft and Rotterdam. It is also part of the larger Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area.

Pijnacker and Nootdorp are connected to The Hague and Rotterdam through the Randstadrail public transport system, and Nootdorp also with a tram line.

Topography

Dutch Topographic map of the municipality of Pijnacker-Nootdorp, June 2015

Notable people

 * Maria van Oosterwijck (1630 in Nootdorp – 1693) a Dutch Golden Age painter, specializing in still lifes
 * Prof. Jaap Schrieke (1884 in Pijnacker – 1976) minister during the German occupation of the Netherlands
 * Jan Janssen (born 1940 in Nootdorp) a Dutch former professional cyclist and winner of the 1968 Tour de France
 * Klaas de Vries (born 1943) a retired Dutch politician, lives in Pijnacker
 * Theo Lalleman (1946 in Pijnacker – 2013) a Dutch writer, publisher, video-artist, and cultural entrepreneur
 * Rita Verdonk (born 1955) a retired Dutch politician, lives in Nootdorp
 * Nancy van der Burg (born 1992 in Delfgauw) a Dutch racing cyclist

title: Pijnacker-Nootdorp


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Reeuwijk

Reeuwijk is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The former municipality covers an area of 50.11 km2 (of which 11.89 km2 is water). Since January 1, 2011 Reeuwijk merged with Bodegraven to Bodegraven-Reeuwijk.

The former municipality of Reeuwijk includes the communities of Driebruggen, Hogebrug, Langeweide, Middelburg, Oud-Reeuwijk, Oukoop, Platteweg, Randenburg, Reeuwijk-Brug, Reeuwijk-Dorp, Sluipwijk, Tempel, Waarder and Westeinde.

History
Reeuwijk was established as a good location for peat harvesting. The earliest known reference to the town is from 1248.

The area prospered in the 18th century when layers of peat were dug up, dried, and used as fuel for industries in Gouda. Eventually these peat quarries struck a fresh-water spring, forming the Reeuwijk Ponds (Reeuwijkse Plassen). Reeuwijk added neighboring municipalities: in 1855, Middelburg was added, in 1857, Oukoop, in 1870, Sluipwijk and Stein.

On January 1, 1989, when the municipality Driebruggen (formed in 1964) was dissolved, its communities Waarder and Driebruggen were added to Reeuwijk.

title: Reeuwijk


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Oscar Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Oscar Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 218 at the 2000 census.

Oscar Township was organized in 1873, and named for Oscar II of Sweden.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93.4 km$2$), of which 34.6 square miles (89.7 km$2$) is land and 1.4 square miles (3.7 km$2$) (3.91%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 218 people, 79 households, and 65 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.3 people per square mile (2.4/km$2$). There were 96 housing units at an average density of 2.8/sq mi (1.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.33% White, 0.46% African American, 1.83% Asian, and 1.38% from two or more races.

There were 79 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.2% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.5% were non-families. 15.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $47,917. Males had a median income of $31,750 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,825. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.


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Ridderkerk

Ridderkerk is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 0 in and covers an area of undefined km2 of which undefined km2 is covered by water.

The municipality of Ridderkerk also includes the following towns, villages and townships: Bolnes, Oostendam, Rijsoord and Slikkerveer.

Ridderkerk has a museum called De Oudheidkamer, covering the history of the town. The centre of Ridderkerk has a central square for events and there is a theater.

Public transport

 * Waterbus:
 * At the Waterbus stop "de Schans" you can board the number 20 Waterbus to Dordrecht, Papendrecht, Hendrik Ido Ambacht, Alblasserdam, Krimpen aan den IJssel or Rotterdam.
 * At the Waterbus stop "de Schans" you can also take line 6 to: Krimpen aan de Lek and Kinderdijk.
 * Buses:
 * The bus services are mostly operated by RET and they go to Rotterdam, Barendrecht and Dordrecht. There are two Arriva bus services to Zwijndrecht and Hendrik Ido Ambacht.

Topography

Topographic map of the municipality of Ridderkerk

Notable people

 * Leen van der Waal (1928–2020), politician, former Member of the European Parliament
 * Jan van der Graaf (1937–2022), church administrator
 * Rien Kaashoek (born 1937), mathematician and academic
 * Luuk Kroon (1942–2012), naval officer, Commander of the Royal Netherlands Navy 1995-1998
 * Bas Belder (born 1946), politician, former Member of the European Parliament
 * Lee Towers (born 1946), singer
 * Gert Oostindie (born 1955), historian and professor
 * Martin van Beek (1960–2018), politician, former senator
 * Robbert Dijkgraaf FRSE (born 1960), mathematical physicist and politician, string theorist and minister
 * Jos Wienen (born 1960), politician, former alderman of Ridderkerk, mayor of Haarlem
 * Johan Schot CBE (born 1961), historian working on science and technology policy
 * Cora van Nieuwenhuizen (born 1963), politician, former minister
 * Flora Lagerwerf-Vergunst (born 1964), judge and politician, former senator
 * Bart Jan Spruyt (born 1964), historian, journalist and conservative writer
 * Liesbeth Zegveld (born 1970), lawyer, legal expert and professor
 * André Flach (born 1976), Dutch politician

Sport

 * Gerrit Lagendijk (1941–2010), professional football player and agent
 * Wietske de Ruiter (born 1970), female former field hockey striker, team bronze medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics
 * Maurice Lim (born 1984), figure skating champion
 * Jordy Buijs (born 1988), footballer, over 250 club caps
 * Kevin Strootman (born 1990), footballer, nearly 300 club caps
 * Bart Deurloo (born 1991), male artistic gymnast
 * Tim Eekman (born 1991), professional footballer, almost 200 club caps
 * Mick van Buren (born 1992), footballer, 150 club caps

title: Ridderkerk


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Rijnsburg

Rijnsburg is a village in the eastern part of the municipality of Katwijk, in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It lies on the Oude Rijn, from which it takes its name.

History
Rijnsburg used to be a separated municipality until 1 January 2006, when, together with Valkenburg, it was added to the municipality of Katwijk. Before that, the municipality covered an area of 6.07 km2 of which 0.21 km2 was water, and had a population of 14851 inhabitants (1 June 2005).

Rijnsburg's main claim to fame is that the philosopher Spinoza lived there from 1661 to 1663. The modest house in which he lived is still preserved, and can be visited.

Rijnsburg is located in an area called the "Dune and Bulb district" (Duin- en Bollenstreek) and is one of the locations of the flower auction company Royal FloraHolland.

Rijnsburg Abbey was established by Petronilla of Lorraine, consort of Floris II, Count of Holland, in 1133. It flourished for many years. Two of her granddaughters, Sophie and Hedwig, would later join this abbey, one of them as abbess.

Archeological finds
In 1913 a buckle, the mount with red, white and blue enamel, and the square coin were found together in a cemetery at Rijnsburg. The impressive gilded buckle with interwoven filigree and enamel inlay was probably made in Kent (England) across the Channel. These finds amongst others indicate that the mouth of the Rhine was home to some people of very high status, perhaps even royalty.

Burials at Rijnsburg Abbey

 * Floris the Black
 * Petronilla of Lorraine
 * Dirk VI, Count of Holland
 * William I, Count of Holland
 * Floris IV, Count of Holland

title: Rijnsburg


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Otter Tail Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota

Otter Tail Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 556 at the 2000 census.

Otter Tail Township was organized in 1870, and named after Otter Tail Lake.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 30.4 square miles (78.8 km$2$), of which 16.4 square miles (42.4 km$2$) is land and 14.1 square miles (36.4 km$2$) (46.25%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 556 people, 241 households, and 187 families residing in the township. The population density was 34.0 PD/sqmi. There were 644 housing units at an average density of 39.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.74% White, 0.36% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.54% Pacific Islander, and 0.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.08% of the population.

There were 241 households, out of which 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.7% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.0% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.63.

In the township the population was spread out, with 18.3% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 19.4% from 25 to 44, 35.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,000, and the median income for a family was $38,667. Males had a median income of $28,250 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,931. About 8.9% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.


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Rijnwoude

Rijnwoude was a municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covered an area of 57.89 km2 of which 1.20 km2 was water.

Rijnwoude was formed in 1991 as Rijneveld through the merger of the former municipalities of Benthuizen, Hazerswoude and Koudekerk aan den Rijn. In 1993 the municipality was renamed to Rijnwoude. In 2014 the municipality was dissolved and its land area was amalgamated into Alphen aan den Rijn.

The municipality of Rijnwoude consisted of the communities Benthorn, Benthuizen, Hazerswoude-Dorp, Groenendijk, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk (location of town hall), Hogeveen, and Koudekerk aan den Rijn.

title: Rijnwoude


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Rijswijk

Rijswijk, formerly known as Ryswick in English, is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Its population was 59.642 in 2024, and it has an area of undefined km2, undefined km2 of which is water.

The municipality also includes the former villages of 't Haantje and Sion, currently also known as Rijswijk-Buiten.

Demographics
62% Dutch background, 38% No Dutch background

History
Archeological excavations indicate that this area of the coastal dunes was already inhabited some 5500 years ago. The village of Rijswijk formed in the 13th century, and its history was dominated by the presence of mansions and estates of the nobility and affluent.

The Treaty of Ryswick was signed at the Huis ter Nieuwburg in 1697, ending the Nine Years' War. A monument, the Needle of Rijswijk (1792), was erected to commemorate the treaty in the Rijswijk Forest.

Until 1900 Rijswijk remained a relative small community but it became urbanized during the 20th century when it expanded rapidly. Today, Rijswijk's area has almost been completely built-up. The last major development is the new Ypenburg neighbourhood, built on the lands of the former Ypenburg Airfield but this part of Rijswijk was annexed by The Hague in 2002. Rijswijk is part of the Haaglanden conurbation. During the years its built-up area has grown to the point where it has effectively merged with The Hague, even though it is still a separate municipality.

Up until 2009 Rijswijk had a polytechnic college for applied sciences; TH Rijswijk (Technische Hogeschool Rijswijk). After a merger with the Haagse Hogeschool, this was moved to the campus of the TUDelft in Delft. The building still remains.

Istana Negara, one of the six presidential palaces of Indonesia, in the Jakarta neighbourhood of Harmoni (formerly Rijswijk-Molenvliet), was called Paleis te Rijswijk during Dutch colonial times.

Public transport

 * Rijswijk station
 * Stopplaats Rijswijk-Wateringen

Economy
Rijswijk is home to:
 * The Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC).
 * The Netherlands Patent Office, at the same location as a branch of the European Patent Office.
 * A small part of the Dutch national Forensic Laboratory, researching clues and objects in order to aid police investigations. The main building has moved to The Hague-Ypenburg.
 * The Headquarters of TUI Netherlands.

Recreation

 * Parks: Hoekpolder, Plaspoelpolder, Schaapweipolder, Hoge Broekpolder, Noordpolder, Park Overvoorde, Wilhelminapark, Elsenburgerbos, Park Steenvoorde.
 * Natural swimming location De Put
 * Rijswijkse Schouwburg, which hosts many national theatre shows.
 * The Von Fisenne Park has a petting zoo.
 * Sports park 'De Schilp' has an indoor swimming pool.
 * Museum Rijswijk located at Herenstraat 67, 2282 BR Rijswijk, which has many works of art

The largest shopping center is called 'In de Bogaard' and smaller shops are located in the old town center (Herenstraat). There is the old Schaapweimolen (windmill). De Broodfabriek holds many fairs and events.

Public service

 * Dionysius Koolen (1871–1945) a Dutch politician
 * Henk Beernink (1910–1979 in Rijswijk) a Dutch politician
 * Chris van Veen (1922–2009) a politician; also worked for the municipality of Rijswijk 1945/1960
 * Gerard Veringa (1924–1999 in Rijswijk) a Dutch politician and criminologist
 * Maurits Kiek (1909–1980) resistance fighter World War II
 * Peter Oskam (born 1960) a Dutch politician, former football referee and judge
 * Sigrid Kaag (born 1961) a Dutch politician and diplomat, Minister for Foreign Trade and Development since 2017

Arts and learning

 * Adriaen van der Cabel (1630–1705) a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter
 * Hendrik Tollens (1780–1856 in Rijswijk) poet
 * P. J. Cosijn (1840–1899) a Dutch scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature
 * Jacques van Meegeren (1912–1977) a Dutch illustrator, painter and suspected art forger
 * Teddy Scholten (1926–2010) a Dutch singer and winner of the 1959 Eurovision Song Contest
 * Felix Thijssen (1933–2022) author of crime and science fiction novels and books for children
 * Johan van Benthem (born 1949) former academic logician
 * Albert Benschop (1949–2018) a Dutch sociologist and academic
 * Peter Slaghuis (1961–1991) a Dutch musician, DJ, producer and remixer
 * Eelco Visser (1966–2022), professor of computer science
 * Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer (born 1968) a poet, novelist, polemicist and classical scholar

Sport

 * Louis Otten (1883–1946) football player, team bronze medallist at the 1908 Summer Olympics
 * Piet van der Touw (born 1940) a retired cyclist, competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics
 * Richard Knopper (born 1977) a Dutch former footballer with 285 club caps
 * Anish Giri (born 1994) a Russian-born Dutch chess Grandmaster, lives in Rijswijk
 * Keye van der Vuurst de Vries (born 2001) a Dutch basketball player, made his debut for the Netherlands national basketball team aged 16
 * Jeffrey de Zwaan (born 1996) Dutch darts player, born in Rijswijk
 * Mark Caljouw (born 1995) Dutch badminton player, born in Rijswijk

title: Rijswijk


text:
Ottertail, Minnesota

Ottertail is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 629 at the 2020 census.

History
Ottertail was platted in 1903, and named for nearby Otter Tail Lake.

"Otter Tail" City appeared on the United States Census as early as 1860.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.10 sqmi, of which 4.28 sqmi is land and 0.82 sqmi is water.

Minnesota State Highways 78 and 108 are two of the main routes in the community.

Climate
Like the rest of Minnesota, Ottertail has a humid continental climate. It is above the line between the hot and cool summer types of the climate, which means the climate classification is Dfb on the Köppen climate classification. Winters are long and very cold and nights average subzero Fahrenheit. Summers are warm but frequently that weather gets broken up by convective rainfall.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 572 people, 245 households, and 171 families living in the city. The population density was 133.6 PD/sqmi. There were 401 housing units at an average density of 93.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.0% White, 0.2% Native American, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 245 households, of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.2% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.75.

The median age in the city was 47.7 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 35.2% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 451 people, 190 households, and 133 families living in the city. The population density was 102.7 PD/sqmi. There were 323 housing units at an average density of 73.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.56% White and 0.44% Native American. 42.8% were of German, 23.7% Norwegian and 7.7% Swedish ancestry.

There were 190 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 32.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,188, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $18,438 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,612. About 10.2% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.8% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Ottertail, Minnesota


text:
Rozenburg

Rozenburg is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 13,173 in 2004, and covers an area of 6.50 km2 (of which 1.99 km2 water). It was the second-smallest municipality in the Netherlands in area (behind Bennebroek). On 10 July 2008, the local council decided to disband the municipality and to form a submunicipality of Rotterdam. This was ratified on 27 October 2008 by the Eerste Kamer (the Dutch Senate), and came into effect on 18 March 2010.

The town is located on the former island by the same name: Rozenburg Island. Its current form was created out of three separate parts: Rozenburg proper (a former sand bar between Het Scheur and Brielse Maas – part of the Nieuwe Maas river – both being branches of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta), the sand bar Welplaat, and the southernmost part of the Hook of Holland (which was cut off from mainland Holland by the construction of the Nieuwe Waterweg ship canal in 1870 and subsequently was connected to Rozenburg when the remainder of Het Scheur was dammed off). The island is now connected to Voorne-Putten by a sea barrier and a dam.

History
Rozenburg Island was formed centuries ago from several sand bars in the mouth of the river Maas. In 1568 construction started on the first set of dikes and in 1586 the land known as Roosenburgh was leased to Dirk Ariensz. Bisdommer and Son, the first permanent inhabitant of Rozenburg.

In 1950, the Nieuwe Maas (or Brielse Maas) was dammed off at both ends of Rozenburg Island, thereby forming Brielse Meer and connecting it to Voorne-Putten Island.

Beginning in the same period, most of the island was given to industrial enterprise, part of the Port of Rotterdam (Botlek and Europoort). When these sea ports were being planned in the 1950s, the councils of Rotterdam and Rozenburg made the arrangement that Rotterdam would lead the development of the ports and industry, whereas Rozenburg would take care of housing development for the expected population increase. The village of Blankenburg on the island had to be completely removed to make way for new canals and industry. The new housing developments were concentrated around the old village centre of Rozenburg on Het Scheur. In a short period, its population rose from 3500 to over 14000.

The Hook of Holland bit was extended with a large polder called Maasvlakte, which contains large sea harbours and petrochemical industry.

There is a refinery located in Rozenburg. The Rozenburg refinery is now owned by Kuwait Petroleum Europort BV which is a subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum International, KPI.

Born in Rozenburg
Famous people that were born in Rozenburg:

 * Johannes van der Giessen (1899–2008), oldest man from the Netherlands.
 * Bonnie St. Claire (1949), singer.
 * Fidan Ekiz (1976), journalist/documentary maker.
 * Alex van der Zouwen (1986), rapper with the artist name Kraantje Pappie

Attractions

 * Rozenburg wind wall

title: Rozenburg