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Talk:Sweatshop

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 9 November 2021 and 10 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ivy Mon. Peer reviewers: Mateusz Weglarz, Karen Diaz 02.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:33, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

"Little (if any) or no economic growth" - !!!
"Most underdeveloped countries have...little (if any) economic growth"!! Care to substatiate that ridiculous claim? Leaving aside the whole issue of the pejorative connotations of "under-developed" (now usually replaced with "developing" for that reason) the statement that such countries have little or no economic growth is patently ridiculous. Most developing countries (and in particular the ones - who host sweatshop labour - that this artical applies to) have percentage GDP growth rates similar to if not in excess of developed countries. Sweatshops don't even help, they just make people be hated more and more.

Edit
I have removed the following paragraph for the time being. It uses a weasel term (recent studies) and should be substantiated with a reference before being re-added to the article.

 * In fact, recent studies demonstrate the power sweatshops have to raise wage levels and improve working conditions in the developing world; sweatshops actually provide workers with a better option than what would otherwise be available to them.

Also, if this paragraph is added, the counter-argument should be added, since many sweatshops fail to pay a living wage... There are many kinds of sweatshops out there... Kokiri 10:42, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Data, please
on a global scale, is sweated labour increasing, decreasing, or what? Is it a proven factor in the global refugee crisis? Any statisticians know? I googled 'sweatshop labour time series graph' without success Crawiki (talk) 15:01, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sweatshop


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Greater Beedelup National Park

Greater Beedelup National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 277 km south of Perth. It is situated on the Vasse Highway 10 km west of Pemberton. The park is especially lush and damp due to an abundance of water.

Gazetted in 1910, the park was declared an A Class Reserve in 1915. The Pemberton National Parks Board has been responsible for management of the park since 1957. Controlled burns occur within the park and some clear felling operations have been conducted in selected areas that used to be State Forests but have also been regenerated since.

The park is mostly karri forest, with mixed areas of jarrah and marri. The loamy soil supports large colonies of moss and plants such as the swamp peppermint, hibbertia, karri hazel, waterbush, myrtle wattle and lemon-scented darwinia, all of which thrive in the damp conditions. Some of the forest is an excellent example of uncut old-growth forest. Some of the upland areas are sandy and support communities of heath vegetation. Other plants of interest in the area include Crowea dentata, Crowea augustifolia and Choretrum lateriflorum.

Some rare fauna are thought to inhabit the area, including the woylie, numbat and the tammar.

Its major attraction is the Beedelup Falls, which are in full flow during winter and spring. A suspension bridge, built in 1995, offers passage across Beedelup Brook and good views of the falls.

Another feature of the park is the "walk through karri tree", a 400-year-old tree with a large man-made hole cut through at the base large enough for a person to stand in.

The park is named after Beedelup Brook, named in 1875. It is thought the name Beedelup is derived from the Noongar word Beejalup meaning place of rest or place of sleep.

Facilities
An admission fee applies for this park, and camping is not permitted. A signed walking trail around Beedelup Falls, a rest area, picnic area and toilets are available for use by visitors.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Greater Beedelup National Park


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Boorabbin National Park

Boorabbin National Park is a national park in Western Australia, between Coolgardie and Southern Cross. It is located along the Great Eastern Highway for a distance of approximately 25 km with a width of 5 km on each side in Western Australia's eastern goldfields. The park gets its name from the Aboriginal named rock on the edge of the park and also the Boorabbin settlement, established in 1898.

The Boorabbin National Park is situated on top of a plateau. The landscape is primarily sand and the vegetation there is quite distinctive growing in deep sands deposited over 50 million years ago. Today the erosion of this significant landscape is lessening, but as a result of past degradation, the sands are left very weathered, leached and lacking in nutrients.

Despite this, the vegetation is diverse with countless species thriving in this environment. Vegetation ranges from the rich kwongan heaths, woodlands and mallee shrublands. The area is recognised for its unique variety of vegetation, with its own designated plateau vegetation system. Other attributes that the park is known for are the wildflowers, samphire and salt lakes.

Other vegetation that can be found include species of banksia, acacia, hakea, sandalwood, melaleuca and grasstree. Two restricted species found in the heathland are Philotheca pachyphylla and Philotheca coccinea.

Fauna surveys in the park indicate that 17 native mammal species, including the wongai ningaui, dunnarts and bush rats, are found within the park boundaries. Other animals including 4 frog species, 52 species of reptile and 51 bird species are also resident in the park. The park is also home to a rich array of dragon lizards.

A bushfire in the park killed three men after a roadblock was lifted on Great Eastern Highway in Coolgardie in December 2007 after a long queue of vehicles were waiting for the highway to open after being closed for most of the day. The three truck drivers tried to turn around and flee the fire but could not escape and died from smoke burns. The bushfire continued to burn for two weeks before being extinguished by fire fighters, and authorities then had the highway reopened. An inquiry into the fire was commenced in 2008; the coroner found that extreme incompetence by the Department of Environment and Conservation had contributed toward the deaths. The fire burnt out an area of more than 7500 ha of the National Park and unallocated crown land. The fire jumped containment lines onto the southern side of Great Eastern Highway.

A memorial garden and shelter was opened near the old town site in 2010 for those who died in the 2007 bushfire.

title: Boorabbin National Park


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Brockman National Park

Brockman National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 288 km south of Perth and 10 km south of Pemberton.

The park, situated on both sides of the Pemberton-Northcliffe road, is a eucalypt forest composed of karri Eucalyptus diversicolor interspersed with marri Corymbia calophylla. The forest understorey is made up of a mix of plants including the swamp peppermint Taxandria linearifolia, karri hazel, karri wattle (Acacia pentadenia) and the karri sheoak Allocasuarina decussata , all of which thrive in the damp conditions.

The northern border of the park is the Warren River and the Warren National Park borders it to the west.

No entry fee applies for the park and no facilities are available to visitors.

The name is taken from the nearby Yeagarup Homestead that used to be known as Brockman Station.

title: Brockman National Park


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Cape Arid National Park

Cape Arid National Park is a national park located in Western Australia, 731 km southeast of Perth. The park is situated 120 km east of Esperance and lies on the shore of the south coast from the eastern end of the Recherche Archipelago.

The bay at its eastern side is Israelite Bay, a locality often mentioned in Bureau of Meteorology weather reports as a geographical marker. The western end is known as Duke of Orleans Bay. Its coastline is defined by Cape Arid, a bay called Sandy Bight and, further east, Cape Pasley.

History
The first European to discover the area was the French Admiral Bruni D'Entrecasteaux in 1792 and he named it Cap Aride; Matthew Flinders anglicized the name in 1802 and the park took its name from this feature.

Pioneer graziers arrived in the area in the 1870s and the ruins of homesteads, dams and buildings as well as gravesites can be found near Pine Hill and Thomas Fishery.

Bay whaling was conducted by Thomas Sherratt at Barrier Anchorage in the 1870s. John Thomas also seems to have had a bay whaling operation in the 1860s at Thomas's Fishery.

As a result of the 2015 Esperance bushfires up to 90% of the remaining Western Ground Parrot habitat within the park was burned. Much of the habitat had already been burned by a bushfire in Cape Arid National Park during October of the same year. Prior to the fires, there were believed to be only 140 individual parrots living in the wild, and the number was estimated to have been reduced to only 30–40 as a result of the damage caused by the fires. The widespread destruction of dense vegetation the ground-dwelling birds rely on for nesting prompted discussion that the critically endangered parrot could "... become the first bird in at least 200 years to become extinct in Western Australia". Two parrots—a male and a female—were rescued from the Cape Arid fire ground and taken to Perth Zoo for inclusion in a captive breeding program, however both birds died in captivity.

Geography
The area is composed of sandy beaches and rocky headlands to the south with low granite hills extending to the north to join the jagged Russell Range that is primarily composed of pre-cambrian quartzite. The highest point of the park is Tower Peak, located within the Range, which reaches a height of 594 m. Sand-plains that are rich in flora surround the hill areas.

The eastern boundary of the park joins the western side of Nuytsland Nature Reserve. Ngadju Indigenous Protected Area adjoins the park on the north.

Fauna
A wide variety of habitat exists within the park which supports a wide variety of flora and fauna. The park is an important site for the bird life in Western Australia. It is home to over 160 species of birds including some that are endangered and restricted. Some of the birds found in the park include: the western ground parrot, the Australasian bittern, Carnaby's cockatoo and Cape Barren geese.

Fauna that can be found include the western brush wallaby, quenda, the southern bush rat, many small marsupial predators and a variety of reptiles and amphibians.

A rare and primitive species of ant of the genus Nothomyrmecia is thought to inhabit the area.

Flora
Vegetation found within the park is mostly on young dune systems that have large communities of coastal heath with smaller systems of yate, banksia, paperbark and mallee. Species of orchid and ferns exist near Mount Ragged including a small population of the sticky-tail flower (Anthocersis viscosa).

Trails
Many walk trails can be found in the park, including the Len Otte Nature Trail, Tagon Coastal Trail, Boolenup Walk Trail and walks up both Mount Ragged and Mount Arid. The most accessible campsite is at Thomas River with conventional drive access, barbecues, toilets and water tanks. Other campsites at Mount Ragged, Poison Creek and Deal Creek are only accessible by four-wheel drive vehicles.

title: Cape Arid National Park


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Cape Le Grand National Park

Cape Le Grand National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 631 km south-east of Perth and 56 km east of Esperance. The park covers an area of 31801 ha The area is an ancient landscape which has been above sea level for well over 200 million years and remained unglaciated. As a result, the area is home to many primitive relict species. Established in 1966, the park is managed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife. The name Le Grand is from one of the officers on L'Espérance, one of the ships in the 1792 expedition of Bruni d'Entrecasteaux.

Geography
The largely granite shoreline and white sand beaches are picturesque features of the area. The park is a used for fishing, off-roading, tourism, and hiking. Beaches within the Park include those at Lucky Bay, Rossiter Bay, Hellfire Bay, Le Grand Beach, and Thistle Cove. The islands and waters to the south of the park are known as the Recherche Archipelago Nature Reserve, another protected area of the Recherche Archipelago and nearby coastal regions. The Cape Arid National Park is located to the east. The southwest section of the park is dominated by rock outcrops of gneiss and granite. These form a distinctive chain of peaks including Mount Le Grand (345 m), Frenchman Peak (262 m), and Mississippi Hill (180 m, named after the Mississippi, a French whaler). Further inland, the park comprises mostly heath-covered sandplain, interspersed with swamps and pools of fresh water.

Wildlife
The sandplains support dense stands of banksias (Banksia speciosa and Banksia pulchella).

Other flora that can be found around the park include species of Melaleuca, Grevillea, sheoak, Christmas tree and grass trees. Wildflower blooms peak in the austral spring, lasting until October and species such as blue china orchid Cyanicula gemmata, Diuris corymbosa, Hakea laurina, Thysanotus sparteus and Thelymitra macrophylla are represented within the park.

Fauna that are commonly found within the park include bandicoots, pygmy honey possums, ring tailed possums, quenda and western grey kangaroos. Some of the relict species with gondwanan links that are found within the park include species of legless lizard, like the common scaly-foot Pygopus lepidopodus, and Delma fraseri, Delma australis and Aprasia striolata. The ancient, although non-gondwanan, blind snake Ramphotyphlops australis is also found within the park. Endemic frogs found within the area include the quacking frog Crinia georgiana, the banjo frog Limnodynastes dorsalis and the humming frog Neobatrachus pelobatoides.

Facilities
Facilities include toilets, barbecues, campsites, tables, sheltered areas, walk trails, information bays, and water tanks. Two full-time rangers are residents of the park. Check the Cape LeGrand Campground website for booking details. During busy holiday periods, there is a 'camp host' couple who helps manage the site.

title: Cape Le Grand National Park


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Cape Range National Park

Cape Range National Park  is a national park in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia, 1105 km north of Perth. The park occupies the western side of the North West Cape peninsula over an area of 47655 ha. The nearest town is Exmouth. Directly off the coast is the Ningaloo Reef. The area resulted from a gradual uplifting from the sea floor followed by fluctuating sea levels, wind and water erosion that have slowly eroded the range and plain leaving behind a range of rugged limestone, deep canyons and pristine beaches.

Overview
The Cape is the only elevated plateau composed of limestone on the North West Coast. The range has plateaus to an elevation of 314 m and forms the backbone of the peninsula which extends as far as North West Cape.

Yardie Creek, a spectacular gorge where the water is trapped by a sandbar, is located within the park.

Over 700 caves are located within the park and it is probable that many others remain undiscovered. Over 630 species of wildflower are found within the park, that generally bloom toward the end of winter, including the bird flower and the desert sturt pea.

The area was under pastoral lease beginning in 1876 when J Brockman acquired leases in the area covering North West Cape to run cattle. Brockman sold parts of the lease in 1888 to ornithologist Thomas Carter including Yardie Creek and Ningaloo Station. Carter was the first settler in the area and established a pastoral station in 1889. The area was declared a national park in 1964, the off-shore area, Ningaloo Marine Park, was declared in 1987.

An abundance of flora and fauna are found within the park. Flora species include mangroves, acacia, spinifex, grevillea, verticordia, eucalyptus and minilya lily. Fauna found within the park include rock wallabies, red kangaroos, emus, euros, 100 different species of bird and 80 species of reptile.

title: Cape Range National Park


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Collier Range National Park

Collier Range National Park is a national park in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, 878 km northeast of Perth.

The nearest major town to the park is Newman located about 166 km north near Kumarina. The park is one of many in the Pilbara and was established in 1978.

The ranges vary from low hills to high ridges with many cliffs. The vegetation found in the area is mostly spinifex and mulga with creeklines being surrounded by eucalypts. Mulga scrub and mulla mulla are found in dense scrubland in the northeastern plains with spinifex and sand dunes being found in the western end.

The park is the home of the threatened Pilbara Pebble-Mound Mouse Pseudomys chapmani which is also found in the Millstream-Chichester National Park and the Karlamilyi National Park.

The mulga habitat is a refuge for the critical weight range mammals such as Macrotis lagotis (greater bilby), Dasycercus cristicauda (mulgara) and dasyurids.

The standard of management in the park is poor and is only visited occasionally by Department of Parks and Wildlife staff from Karratha. The park is baited for wild dogs but suffers damage from feral donkeys and wandering cattle. No fire management is in practice and weed problems are unknown.

title: Collier Range National Park


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D'Entrecasteaux National Park

D'Entrecasteaux National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 315 km south of Perth. The park is named after the French Admiral Bruni D'Entrecasteaux who was the first European to sight the area and name Point D'Entrecasteaux in 1792. The park received 168,497 visitors through 2008–2009.

Description
The park stretches 130 km from Black Point in the west to Long Point in the east and extends inland as far as 20 km. Black Point is made of basalt columns from a lava flow that occurred 135 million years ago. An interesting feature in the park is Yeagarup dune, a mobile 10 km long sand dune found to the west of Lake Jasper.

The park contains a great variety of scenery, including beaches, sand-dunes, coastal cliffs, coastal heath and pockets of karri forest. Rivers such as the Warren, the Donnelly and the Shannon flow through the park and discharge into the waters off-shore.

Important large scale wetlands, known as the Blackwater, and lakes such as Lake Jasper and Lake Yeagarup are found within the park boundaries.

Broke Inlet is contained within the park boundaries at the eastern end; it is the only inlet in the South West that has not been significantly altered within the catchment area. The gneiss basement rocks project through the shallow waters to form small islands in the Inlet.

Sandy Island in Windy Harbour is part of the park; it is an important nesting site for seabirds, with up to 300,000 breeding pairs of flesh-footed shearwaters, a high proportion of the global population.

Facilities
The park has an entry fee that applies to all visitors. Facilities available to visitors include barbecues, toilets, 4WD tracks, camp sites, disabled access and picnic areas. Canoeing facilities also exist within the park on the Deep River. Rangers regularly patrol the area.

The Bibbulmun Track passes through the park area.

The outdoor education organisation, Outward Bound, operate within the park taking school groups on hiking expeditions.

title: D'Entrecasteaux National Park


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Drovers Cave National Park

Drovers Cave National Park is a national park in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 201 km northwest of Perth. The nearest town is Jurien Bay 6 km to the west.

The area is composed of limestone and numerous caves are known to exist within the park boundaries. Many of the caves are locked with screens to keep visitors out in the interest of public safety and to prevent vandalism.

Some of the other caves found within the park include Hastings, Moora, Old River and Mystery Caves. Hastings cave is known to contain fossils.

Drovers Cave was well known to early explorers and stockmen; the location of the site near to the Canning Stock Route meant it was often visited by drovers, hence the name. The first known visit to the cave was a drover who signed the cave wall in 1886. Many more visits occurred between 1930 and 1940. The cave was surveyed in 1973 and gazetted as part of the National Park the same year.

Native flora within the park includes shrub banksia, one-sided bottlebrush and parrot bush. Fauna includes emus, honey possums, western pygmy possums, short-beaked echidnas, western grey kangaroos, Australian bustards and many reptiles.

title: Drovers Cave National Park


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Drysdale River National Park

Drysdale River National Park is a national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 2168 km northeast of Perth.

The park lies about 100 km south of Kalumburu and 150 km west of Wyndham.

The park is the largest and least accessible in the Kimberley, with no public road leading to it and no airstrip within its boundaries. Access to the park is gained via the track from Carson River Station from the Kalumburu Road. Permission must be obtained from the Kalumburu Aboriginal Corporation prior to entering the park. There are no visitor facilities or marked walk trails in the park. Rangers do not patrol the park and no food, fuel or mechanical services exist within the park or at Carson River Station.

The park is a good example of untouched Kimberley, wilderness featuring open woodland, gorges, cliffs, and the pools, waterfalls and creeks of the Drysdale River. The park is home to two large waterfalls, Morgan Falls and Solea Falls, with numerous smaller falls along the course of the river.

The area provides habitat for many rare plants and animals. Almost 600 species of plants are known to exist within the park. About 30 of these plants are aquatic and swamp varieties that inhabit the permanent pools found along the Drysdale and Carson Rivers. About 25 species of fern also inhabit the area, two of which are not found elsewhere. Species such as fan palms, kalumbaru gums and paperbarks are also found along the watercourses.

A variety of fauna also exist within the park, including over 100 species of birds, sugar gliders, bats, wallabies, and salt water crocodiles.

The traditional owners of the area that the river flows through are the Ngarinjin, Miwa and Wilawila peoples.

The first European to visit the area was a surveyor with a squatting company, CA Burrowes, who did so in 1886. Both Brockman and Crossland visited the area in separate expeditions in 1901. The first vehicular track was constructed through the region during an expedition and survey in 1954; it ran from Gibb River Station to Kalumburu. The park was gazetted in September 1974, using the boundaries recommended by the Australian Academy of Science committee on National Parks in 1955.

title: Drysdale River National Park


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Eucla National Park

Eucla National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 1238 km east of Perth.

The southern edge of the park borders a section of the Great Australian Bight. Other notable features of the park include Wilson Bluff and Delisser sandhills.

The area is composed of mallee scrub and heath vegetation, typical of the southern coast. Wildflowers such as Cockie's Tongue (Templetonia retusa), with its distinctive red, pink or yellow flowers are common throughout the park. A rare plant species of senecio that is native to the limestone cliff area is known to exist in the park.

Access to the area is via the Eyre Highway found on the northern border of the park. No facilities are available for visitors in the park and no sealed roads exist within the park, only 4WD tracks.

No camping is permitted within the park; the nearest camping facilities are at Eucla and Border Village.

Historical ruins such as the Eucla Telegraph station and the original Eucla township can be found at the western end of the park. Both are partially buried by encroaching sand dunes.

title: Eucla National Park


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Fitzgerald River National Park

Fitzgerald River National Park is a national park in the Shires of Ravensthorpe and the Shire of Jerramungup in Western Australia, 419 km southeast of Perth. The park is recognised on Australia's National Heritage List for its outstanding diversity of native plant species, including many plants which are unique to the local area.

Description
The park includes the Barren Mountains (East, Middle and West Mount Barren), the Eyre Range and the Fitzgerald River as well as incorporating the Fitzgerald Biosphere. There are 62 plant species which are unique to the 329882 ha park and a further 48 are rarely found elsewhere.

Recording almost 40,000 visitors in 2008, the park received $20 million in funding from the federal government's economic stimulus plan with the state government contributing an additional $20 million. The investment is to be used to redevelop and seal 80 km of roads within the park, construct a walk trail from Bremer Bay to Hopetoun and upgrade existing recreational facilities.

Point Ann is one of the two places (the other is Head of the Bight) along Australia's coast where southern right whales come to calve during their winter migration. Within the National Park is the Quaalup Homestead Wilderness Retreat (now run as a hotel) that was built in 1858 by the Wellstead Family. In 1890, the Hassell family took over the pastoral lease and the homestead. The park can be accessed from the western side via Bremer Bay, or from the eastern side via Hopetoun. The central area of the park is only accessible with a four-wheel drive vehicle or on foot. Many of the peaks in the park are off limits to climbers to prevent the spread of dieback or root rot from Phytophthora cinnamomi.

The northwest precinct of the park is referred to as Twertup, a name applied to several plants and features of the landscape. The Twertup Field Studies Centre, so named, previously occupied a former residence known as Twertup Cottage until the spongolite construction was destroyed by fire. Twertup is given in formal names associated with the area, for the watercourse Twertup Creek, a road, and several plant taxa, the Twertup mallee Eucalyptus arborella, Twertup feather-flower Verticordia crebra, and Leucopogon sp. Twertup for an unknown species described by K.R. Newbey that was found in the area. The nineteenth century author Ethel Hassell, who lived nearby at Jerramungup station, gives a chapter with this title. A warning that the young woman should avoid staying in the area, while heeded, was mysterious about the actual threat. This was later explained by Hassel's Nyungar friend, Gimbuck, who now advised her to sleep with two fires and away from water because of the reputation of groups of 'wild dogs' (dingos) in the area; this practical concern was accompanied by the ancestral story of their abundance.

In February 2023, a Coulson Aviation Boeing 737-300 crashed while fighting fires in the national park; both pilots survived the crash.

Flora and fauna
The park forms the basis of the internationally recognised Biosphere Reserve recognised by the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program. The latest floral inventory lists 1693 taxa of plant with 250 of these being rare and 62 being known to be found only within the confines of the park. Some species of interest include the royal hakea, qualup bell, scarlet banksia, showy banksia, bell-fruit mallee, pea flowers, feather flowers, many species of eucalypts and bottlebrushes (Callistemon and Beaufortia).

Three populations of the crowned mallee all exist within the park and have a total number of 140 trees. An endangered species, Boronia clavata, has five populations totalling only 100 individuals all of which are located in the area. Another two endangered species, the barrens wedding bush and the fan-leaf grevillea, are also found within the park although in the case of the barrens wedding bush, not exclusively.

The park is also home to 22 species of mammal, 200 bird species, 41 species of reptile and 12 species of frog. It is recognised as an Important Bird Area; some of the rarer species are the western bristlebird, western ground parrot and the western whipbird. The endangered malleefowl is also known to inhabit the park with seven known and recorded sightings having been made 1998. Some of the mammals found are the very rare dibbler and the heath rat, both of which were thought to be extinct at one time or another. The tammar wallaby and woylie, both of which are threatened species, are known to inhabit the mallee and heath areas of the park. Other species such as the quenda, chuditch and the red-tailed phascogale also inhabit the area.

Migratory birds find refuge in the wetland and coastal regions and species that temporarily inhabit the area include the white-bellied sea eagle, Pacific swift and the Caspian tern.

title: Fitzgerald River National Park


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Francois Peron National Park

Francois Peron National Park is a national park on the Peron Peninsula in Western Australia, 726 km north of Perth, and located within the boundary of the Shark Bay World Heritage area. The nearest towns to the park are Denham, which is found on the southern edge of the park and Carnarvon which is found about 80 km to the north.

Names and earlier uses
Aboriginal Australians were the initial inhabitants of the area and have been living there for over 26,000 years. The local peoples who speak the Malgana language call the area Wulyibidi.

It is named after the French naturalist and explorer François Péron who was the zoologist aboard Nicolas Baudin's 1801 and 1803 scientific expeditions to Western Australia, and is situated within the bounds of the earlier pastoral lease of the Peron Station.

Locations from the French exploration era include:
 * Guichenault (east coast of the Peron Peninsula)
 * Cape Lesueur (west coast of the Peron Peninsula)
 * Lake Montbazin

A pearling camp was established on the peninsula at Herald Bight in the 1880s and the remains of the shells can still be found along the beach.

Used as a sheep station from the early 1900s onwards the station was sold to the state government in 1990.

It was gazetted on 8 January 1993 as a National Park – through the purchase of Peron Station (Pastoral Lease 3114/761) in 1990.

Location
It is adjacent to and surrounded by the Shark Bay Marine Park to the west, north and east, and by the Denham to Monkey Mia road to the south.

Facilities
Picnic, boat launching and camping areas along the west coast of the Peninsula include:
 * Big Lagoon
 * Cape Lesueur
 * Cattle Well
 * South Gregories
 * Gregories
 * Bottle Bay

title: Francois Peron National Park


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Frank Hann National Park

Frank Hann National Park is a national park in Western Australia, located 428 km east-southeast of the capital, Perth in the Shire of Lake Grace. It was named for Frank Hann, an early explorer of the district. The park contains a wide array of flora, including seasonal wildflowers.

It was officially named on 30 October 1970.

The park is mostly composed of heathland and scrubland situated on an inland sandplain. No entrance fee is required to enter the park but no facilities are available to visitors in the park.

The park is found within the Eastern Mallee (IBRA) subregion in southern Western Australia.

Some of the flora found within the park include Acacia mackeyana, Acacia dissona and Banksia xylothemelia.

Fauna found within the park include lizards such as the marbled gecko, the clawless gecko, the crested dragon, the callose-palmed shining-skink and the bright crevice skink. Many frog species also inhabit the area including Myobatrachus gouldii, Pseudophryne guentheri and Limnodynastes dorsalis. Birdlife such as the emu, the Nankeen kestrel, the brown falcon, the little eagle, the crested pigeon, the brush bronzewing, the mulga parrot and the Australian bustard have all been found within the park boundaries.

The park also supports an array of mammals including short-beaked echidna, the western quoll, Gilbert's dunnart, the honey possum, the western grey kangaroo, the western brush wallaby, Gould's wattled bat and Mitchell's hopping mouse.

title: Frank Hann National Park


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Danggu Gorge National Park

Danggu (Geikie) Gorge National Park is a national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 1837 km (great-circle distance) northeast of Perth and approximately 420 km east of Broome by road.

it is closed owing to damage caused by flooding of the Fitzroy River in 2023.

Geology and description
The Dan͟ggu Geikie Gorge is a gorge formed by the Fitzroy River. The level of the river in the wet season can rise by up to 16.5 m, and the flood level can be clearly seen on the walls where the abrasive action of the floodwaters on the limestone has scoured the surface white.

The limestone was originally a reef formed not by corals but by algae and lime-secreting organisms that are now extinct. The reef was formed in the Devonian period when the reeding waters allowed the organisms to build a reef up to 2 km thick. The remains of the reef now stand as the limestone range that wind across the countryside up to 100 m above the plains. Fossils from the Devonian can be found within the limestone strata.

History
The gorge was originally named in honour of Sir Archibald Geikie, the Director General of Geological Survey for Great Britain and Ireland when it was named in 1883. Geikie never visited the gorge and the National Park has been officially changed to the Bunuba – the traditional owners of the area – name of Danggu.

In 2023, many of the park's facilities were damaged by heavy flooding when the Fitzroy River rose 15 m, and the river itself was changed permanently in some places. The park had to be closed, and a recovery plan has been undertaken, with hopes to reopen the park sometime in 2024.

Park access and facilities
Danggu Geikie Gorge National Park is part of the Balili (Devonian Reef) Conservation Park.

It lies around 1837 km (great-circle distance) northeast of Perth and approximately 420 km east of Broome by road.

The park is one of the most accessible in the Kimberley as it is only 20 km from Fitzroy Crossing and is serviced by a sealed road. No camping is allowed in the park and visitors can only enter during the day. The park has picnic shelters, barbecue areas, toilets and water available.

A 3 km walk trail exists along the western base of the gorge walls; although the terrain is rough and uneven it does offer an excellent view. The eastern side of the gorge is closed to visitors as it is a nature preserve. Tour boats also operate in the gorge and a boat ramp is available for the public to use. Hours of use of the boat ramp are restricted to outside of boat tour times.

However,, the park is closed owing to flood damage sustained in 2023.

Flora and fauna
The river water sustains an abundance of life, including barramundi, sawfish and freshwater crocodiles, all of which can be found in the gorge.

The vegetation that fringes the river bank includes river gums, freshwater mangroves, pandanus, cadjeput and native figs. Dense banks of reeds are also found along the banks. The flora provides a suitable habitat for a range of fauna, including fruit bats, lilac-crowned wren, reed warbler and the great bowerbird.

title: Danggu Gorge National Park


text:
Talk:Fashion Police

Wikipedia Ambassador Program assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at University of California Santa Barbara supported by the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2014 Q1 term. Further details are available on the course page.

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2003 Series
Is this the same as the 2003 series? Both shown on E! Same title, but according to this article, his one started in 2010, which contradicts the statement that it "returned." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 112.201.168.178 (talk) 14:45, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

Isn't this show in UK? The one with Joan Rivers and Kelly Osbourne is in UK
Isn't this show in UK? The one with Joan Rivers and Kelly Osbourne is in UK — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.233.92.150 (talk) 00:36, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

Was on before 2010?
Wasn't this on before 2010? Even the history of this Wikipedia article goes back several years long. There's also a line that says the show "returned" which makes no sense given that it says it started in 2010. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.81.55.232 (talk) 15:07, 26 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fashion Police


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Wittenberg University

Wittenberg University is a private liberal arts college in Springfield, Ohio. It has 1,326 full-time students representing 33 states and 9 foreign countries. Wittenberg University is associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

History
Wittenberg College was founded in 1845 by a group of ministers in the English Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio, which had previously separated from the recently established German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and Other States. The college was named for the historic University of Wittenberg in Wittenberg, Germany, the town in which Martin Luther famously posted his Ninety-five Theses on the church door on October 31, 1517.

A German American pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, the Rev. Ezra Keller was the principal founder and first president of the college. Its initial focus was to train clergy with the Hamma School of Divinity as its theological department. One of its main missions was to "Americanize" Lutherans by teaching courses in the English language instead of German, unlike the nearby Capital University in Columbus, Ohio.

The first class originally consisted of eight students at the beginning of the academic year, but grew to seventy-one by the end. With a faculty of one professor and two tutors, classes were held in Springfield, Ohio, in a church on land that was donated. That city was selected for its location on the National Road, running from the eastern cities of Baltimore and Cumberland, Maryland, to the west in the Illinois Country, eventually to the territorial capital of Vandalia, near the Mississippi River.

In 1874, women were admitted to the college, and, the following year, black people were admitted. The college attained university status in 1957 and was renamed accordingly. In 1993, the university and its namesake city Wittenberg entered into an official partnership.

In 1995, the American Philosophical Association censured Wittenberg University when the Wittenberg administration overruled the faculty personnel board and denied a faculty member tenure. The university was censured again in 2021, this time by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), for discontinuing eight academic programs and firing two tenured faculty members without, in the AAUP's opinion, respecting faculty rights.

Hamma Divinity School
Luther Alexander Gotwald, Professor of Theology in the Hamma Divinity School that served as the theological department of the college, was famously tried for and unanimously acquitted of heresy by the board of directors at Wittenberg on April 4–5, 1893. The trial concerned many key issues that Evangelical Lutherans still debate today.

For decades, Hamma and Wittenberg were associated with the local English-speaking regional Lutheran synods in the Midwest.

In 1978, Hamma Divinity School merged with the nearby Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary (associated with Capital University) in the Bexley suburb of Columbus, Ohio, to form Trinity Lutheran Seminary.

Presidents

 * Ezra Keller (1844–1848)
 * Samuel Sprecher (1849–1874)
 * John B. Helwig (1874–1882)
 * Samuel Alfred Ort (1882–1900)
 * John M. Ruthrauff (1900–1902)
 * Charles G. Heckert (1903–1920)
 * Rees Edgar Tulloss (1920–1949)
 * Clarence Charles Stoughton (1949–1963)
 * John Nissley Stauffer (1963–1968)
 * G. Kenneth Andeen (1969–1974)
 * William A. Kinnison (1974–1995)
 * Baird Tipson (1995–2004)
 * William H. Steinbrink (Interim President)
 * Mark H. Erickson (2005–2012)
 * Laurie M. Joyner (2012–2015)
 * Richard "Dick" Helton (2016–2017) (Interim President)
 * Michael Frandsen (2017–present)

Academics
Wittenberg offers more than 70 majors and special programs. Eight pre-professional programs are offered to students, 70 percent of whom eventually pursue graduate studies. The institution's science facilities are housed in the Barbara Deer Kuss Science Center. Krieg Hall is the home of the music department. Wittenberg's art department is housed in Koch Hall. Thomas Library contains 400,000 volumes and provides access to OhioLINK, a consortium of Ohio college and university libraries and the State Library of Ohio. The library houses the Kemper Special Collection Area which contains the Luther-Reformation Collection with more than 400 items written by Martin Luther and his contemporaries between 1517 and 1580. The library was built in 1956 to the designs of Thomas Norman Mansell of Mansell, Lewis & Fugate of Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.

Blair Hall
Blair Hall houses the university's Education Department, the Psychology Department, and the School of Graduate and Professional Studies. In addition, the Springfield-Wittenberg Teacher Institute is located in Blair.

The education department occupies a second building at 49 East College Avenue that formerly contained the administration offices of the Springfield Public City Schools, but is now owned by Wittenberg University.

Carnegie Hall
Built in 1909, Carnegie Hall was named for the famous Scottish-American immigrant and steel industrialist Andrew Carnegie, (1835–1919), who was known for his philanthropy and endowment of many public library buildings across the country. Until 1967, Carnegie Hall was exclusively a science building until the athletics department began holding conferences and classes in the same area. Carnegie Hall is current offline, awaiting renovations and updates.

Hollenbeck Hall
Hollenbeck Hall is home to the History, English, Foreign Languages, Political Science, International Studies, and Philosophy departments, and the Office of International Education. The building's six wings, two per floor, are separated by the Ness Family Auditorium in the center of the building. It is also the home of the Foreign Language Learning Center, a predominantly student-run organization to assist students in their language studies.

Springfield City's organization called is also housed in Hollenbeck Hall. Upward Bound is a high school program for students in low-income areas of the city to receive a high-level education from college professors while in high school.

Barbara Deer Kuss Science Center
The Barbara Deer Kuss Science Center houses ten academic departments in the fields of mathematics and natural sciences. It also serves as a popular breakfast and lunch location for students, as it includes a vendor on the first floor that can be used with the Wittenberg meal plans.

Recitation Hall
Recitation Hall was the second building erected on the campus. It contains many of the university's administrative offices, including admissions, financial aid, president's office, provost's, student employment, university communications (Wittenberg's Media office for "Wittenberg Magazine", Press office, New Media, Sports Media, and Publications office), and human resources. Recitation Hall also has its own chapel. In 1883, classes were first held in Recitation Hall. A building behind Recitation Hall serves as the university's police and security headquarters, the campus switchboard and the transportation office.

Synod Hall
Synod Hall was home to the Department of Sociology and Information Technologies (IT), but was closed by the University in 2022.

Zimmerman Hall
Zimmerman Hall was home to the Department of Psychology. The building has since been shut down but still remains an important part of Wittenberg's campus.

Shouvlin Center
Shouvlin Center houses the Office of Residence Life and Housing, the Womyn's Center, Counseling Services, and Medical Services.

Thomas Library
Thomas Library is Wittenberg's main library. The three-story building holds over 500,000 books and resources. Wittenberg is also a member of OhioLINK. As of 2024, Thomas Library partnered with the Clark County Public Library (CCPL) to include a digital AutoLend Library on the library's main floor. With a CCPL library card, the AutoLend Library allows students to check out books digitally and br provided to them the same day, without having to leave campus for additional resources.

Thomas Library houses the Math Workshop and the Writing Center, two predominantly student-run organizations to help students strengthen their math and writing skills with fellow student-tutors.

The Steemer
In April 2017, Wittenberg University broke ground on the development of a $40 million health, wellness, and athletics facility to supplement the existing Health Physical Education and Recreation (HPER) Center. This project will include the renovation of the university's 1929 Field House, 1982 HPER Center, and include a new indoor practice field, classrooms, and locker rooms. The project is expected to be completed by the end of 2019. In September 2018, it was announced the facility would be named "The Steemer", after the company Stanley Steemer, whose CEO, Wes Bates, is a graduate of Wittenberg and a major financial sponsor of the project.

Athletics

Wittenberg University teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. The Tigers are a member of the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, field hockey, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The school's newest varsity sport for men, volleyball, was added in the 2015–16 school year (2016 season); that team began play in the Midwest Collegiate Volleyball League (MCVL), left after the 2018 season for single-sport membership in the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference, and returned to the MCVL after the 2020 season. The newest women's varsity sport, water polo, was added to the 2018–19 school year. That team plays in the Division III varsity division of the Collegiate Water Polo Association.

In 2017 the men's golf team won the Division III National Championship.

In 2017 the women's volleyball team competed in the NCAA Division III National Championship, rising to Division III runner-up.

Wittenberg ended the 2009 fall sports season ranked 16th among more than 430 NCAA Division III schools in the Learfield Sports Directors Cup standings, administered by the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA)

Student organizations
The university has over 50 active, registered student organizations, ranging from student-led organizations to Academic and Honor Societies.

Hagen Center for Civic and Urban Engagement
Wittenberg University opened the Hagen Center for Civic and Urban Engagement on 24 September 2008, to help coordinate community service projects. It builds partnerships between the university and city, state and federal governments. Dr. Kimberly Creasap is the faculty director.

Womyn's Center
The university's Womyn's Center is located in Shouvlin Center. It has included the Peer Advocate program since 2016, providing advocacy services for survivors of power-based violence (regardless of gender identity). The Womyn's Center also houses Tiger Health Educators, a peer-to-peer education program that offers training and resources regarding sexual health and consent.

William C. McClain Center for Diversity
The William C. McClain Center for Diversity is located on Alumni Way and is named for the first African American to graduate from Wittenberg University in 1934. Wittenberg also has several multicultural student programs that are supported by the diversity center including Shades of Pearl, Concerned Black Students, the Gender and Sexuality Diversity Alliance, and the American International Association.

Radio station
The university had a student-run 24-hour radio station, WUSO, on 89.1 FM. WUSO simulcasts the Dayton classical station WDPR on weekday mornings, filling the remaining hours with news, politics, sports, food, and music shows. The Tiger Sports Network broadcasts the sports programming. The station's studios are located in the basement of Firestine Hall on Woodlawn Ave. The radio station's website allows audio streaming.

The launch of a new media program called the Integrated Media Corps has recently developed. A team of ten university students creates and produces news videos, sports highlight videos for Dayton, Ohio, television stations WDTN, WHIO, and WKEF and for the university website. The team also records news stories for WUSO and writes press releases for the university website. The program also has begun broadcasting sports programs on WIZE-AM in Springfield.

The university sold WUSO to Dayton Public Radio, Inc. effective March 13, 2023.

The Wittenberg Torch
The Torch is Wittenberg University's weekly student-run newspaper; it is staffed by news reporters, editors, features writers, sportswriters, designers and photographers. The paper was founded in 1873 and celebrated its 100th volume in 2012. In 2012, The Torch also won an ACP Online Pacemaker Award. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, The Wittenberg Torch ended the print copies of their newspaper and moved to a fully digital format.

Residence life
Wittenberg's residence halls on campus are Tower Hall, Myers Hall, Firestine Hall, Ferncliff Hall, Woodlawn Hall, New Residence Hall, and Polis House. Each residence hall includes TV-lounges, ping-pong tables, vending machines, cooking appliances, student printers, and laundry facilities. The only residence halls without air conditioning include Woodlawn Hall, Ferncliff Hall, and Myers Hall. Some residence halls include a technology or computer lab within the buildings, including Woodlawn, Myers, and New Hall.

Myers Hall is the oldest, the first campus building when the university opened. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Myers Hall is four-stories tall, but does not include an elevator, as the build was finished in 1851. It has housed the University Honors Program for many years, but was eventually moved to Woodlawn Hall. Myers is currently offline, or unavailable for students to live in for the 2024-2025 academic year.

Right across from the University's President and Provost's residence, holds Ferncliff Hall with 151 students across four-floors. Including a vintage freight elevator, Ferncliff includes various amenities throughout the building and is in close proximity to the WittenBurbs (upperclassmen housing), Commencement Hollow, and Koch Hall.

Being closely located to the residence halls and Benham-Pence Student Center, the air conditioned and co-ed Firestine Hall is home to 220 students. Right outside of Firestine Hall includes recreational sports courts, including basketball and sand volleyball courts.

Another residence hall known for its central location on campus is Woodlawn Hall, a four-floor building with no elevator. Previously known as Beta Theta Pi's fraternity house until 1939, Woodlawn provides various amenities and houses the University Honors Program.

The newest residence hall, New Hall, opened in 2006. It is centrally located on campus and in close proximity to the Benham-Pence Student Center, Thomas Library, and Blair Hall. New Hall is co-ed, includes 3-floors with an elevator, and houses the Ubuntu Themed Living Community. Ubuntu, or "I am because we are," was created for students who seek an inclusive and diverse space of living, in specifically Black and Brown cultures. Students have compared New Hall to that of a hotel, given its interesting amenities. Previously, New Hall contained a higher tuition price than other residence halls on campus, but has since been equalized with the other six residence halls on campus since the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in 2020.

The Polis House was formerly the international residence hall on campus, and is now the Tiger Pride Themed Living Community, beginning in 2021. It is the gender-inclusive residence hall on campus, along with the first floor of Ferncliff Hall. Polis House is the smallest residence hall on campus, housing 30 students across all three floors, and contains no elevator.

The tallest building and residence hall on campus is Tower Hall, including 10 residential floors with two elevators, and is home for 230 students each year. Tower Hall includes various amenities and has a lively bottom-floor that includes a ping-pong table, laundry appliances, and a TV-lounge. Tower Hall is connected to, or adjacent with the University Theatre & Dance building, Chakeres Theatre.

Students who are at junior or senior standing have the option to live in the university-provided on-campus apartments or off-campus in apartments or university rental houses, as living on campus is required each year for full-time students.

The Benham-Pence Student Center houses most of the university's dining services. The main floor of the student center houses Post 95 which offers four different options, including Champ City Grill, Ward & Wood Subs, The Pour, and Ezra's (serving prepared-to-order stirfry). Founders Pub, in the basement of the student center, was opened in 2009. The Campus Dining Room is on the second floor of the Student Center along with the faculty dining room. Breakfast and lunch are also served on weekdays in the Barbara Deer Kuss Science Center's "Simply To Go" cafe. Beginning in the 2024-2025 school year, all students (Freshmen-Senior) are required to select a meal plan along with their housing accommodations.

Greek life
Wittenberg has an active Greek Life community with ten fraternities or sororities currently chartered on campus.

Fraternities:
 * Beta Theta Pi (Alpha Gamma chapter)
 * Phi Kappa Psi (Ohio Beta chapter)
 * Delta Tau Delta (Iota Beta chapter)
 * Delta Sigma Phi (Beta Iota chapter)

Sororities:
 * Alpha Delta Pi (Chi chapter)
 * Delta Gamma (Gamma Rho chapter)
 * Gamma Phi Beta (Alpha Nu chapter)
 * Kappa Delta (Alpha Nu chapter)
 * Sigma Kappa (Gamma Omega chapter)
 * Alpha Xi Delta (Zeta chapter)

title: Wittenberg University


text:
Gloucester National Park

Gloucester National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 281 km south of Perth and about 3 km from Pemberton.

This park contains the Gloucester Tree, a renowned karri tree. Visitors can climb up to a viewing platform 60 m above the ground, using the climbing pegs inserted into the tree. The tree and the park are named after the city of Gloucester, England in 1946.

The tree served as a fire lookout and had the platform, cabin and climbing pegs installed in 1947, it was one of eight lookout trees constructed in the area between 1937 and 1952.

By 1963, it was estimated that over 3,000 people had climbed the tree, and in 1973 the original wooden cabin was demolished and replaced with an aluminium and steel cabin and gallery.

Another attraction in the park is The Cascades, a cascade waterfall in Lefroy Brook.

title: Gloucester National Park


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Goongarrie National Park

Goongarrie National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 592 km east of Perth and about 94 km north of Kalgoorlie.

The park was part of Goongarrie Station that was purchased by the state government in 1995. The area also includes the abandoned townsite of Goongarrie. The name comes from nearby Lake Gongarrie which is Indigenous Australian in origin and of unknown meaning.

Infrastructure in the park was upgraded in 2007 after it received $70,000 in funding from the government.

The park is dominated by arid zone woodlands and is situated along the mulga-eucalypt line. Species of acacia and eucalypt make up the bulk of the vegetation. The southern end of Lake Marmion can be found at the northern end of the park along with many smaller salt lakes and clay pans.

Goongarrie is the transition area between the Coolgardie and Murchison bioregions.

title: Goongarrie National Park


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Gooseberry Hill National Park

Gooseberry Hill National Park is a national park in Western Australia, in the locality of Gooseberry Hill, 21 km east of Perth. It is at the southern side of the mouth of the Helena Valley on the Darling Scarp. Statham's Quarry is located within the park boundary.

The park was named after a hill in Yorkshire by the early settlers. A walking track and the single lane bitumen zig zag drive are both found within the park. The zig zag drive follows the old zig zag railway track which winds up the steep terrain, offering excellent views of the Swan Coastal Plain below.

No entry fees apply to enter the park but no facilities are available to visitors.

title: Gooseberry Hill National Park


text:
Coraopolis, Pennsylvania

Coraopolis is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 5,559 at the 2020 census.

Coraopolis is located west of Pittsburgh along the Ohio River and to the east of the Pittsburgh International Airport. The borough has steep topography, numerous brick streets and many large, old houses. Dick's Sporting Goods is headquartered in Coraopolis, as is the American Bridge Company.

Early history
On April 3, 1769, Andrew Montour, an Indian interpreter who had provided service to English settlers during the French and Indian War, was granted a land patent for approximately 350 acre of what would later become the borough of Coraopolis and Neville Island. However, there is no evidence that Montour ever lived on this tract. The first permanent white settler in Coraopolis was Capt. Robert Vance, who settled in the vicinity of Montour's tract around 1773, just prior to the beginning of the American Revolution. Vance, a Virginian, had been a member of the regiment commanded by George Washington at the Braddock expedition during the French and Indian War. For the protection of himself and his neighbors, of whom several arrived within a few years, Vance had a log stockade built with a stone blockhouse to protect the area against Indian raids. This was known as Vance Fort (or Fort Vance). The site of the fort was around present-day Broadway and Chestnut streets, near Second Avenue. Over time the community grew and developed, and it became known as Middletown in the 1800s, either because it was situated midway between Pittsburgh and Beaver, Pennsylvania, or perhaps after an early settler named Alexander Middleton who supposedly ran "Middleton's Tavern" in the area.

One of the most important early industries in the area was begun by the Watson family, English immigrants who arrived in America in 1830. The Watsons built a sawmill on the site of the former municipal building on Fifth Avenue. Later, they operated a much larger grist mill on the river bank at Mill Street, until 1887.

Founding
The borough was incorporated on June 7, 1886. It was previously known as a village under the name of Middletown, while the post office name was Vancefort. It was established in August 1861, and changed to Coraopolis in March 1886. Legend has it that the borough was named for a member of the Watson family, Cora Watson, who was born on February 2, 1870. However, an old newspaper uncovered by longtime resident and local historian Dr. Frank Braden, Jr. suggests it more likely took the appellation from a Greek word for "maiden city". According to page 7 of the book Coraopolis, by Gia Tatone, Coraopolis Historical Society (2007), "The newspaper [Dr. Frank Braden, Jr. uncovered] was simply called the News and was published in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania, on June 5, 1897. The newspaper discusses the confusion that was occurring with the post offices in regard to the name Middletown, because several other areas in the state of Pennsylvania shared the same name. With a borough now being established, the Reverend Josiah Dillon, a pioneer clergyman, suggested the name to be changed to Coraopolis. Dillon knew Greek and was also the first burgess (mayor) at the time. So he suggested combining Kore meaning 'maiden' and opolis meaning 'city' ('maiden city') to achieve Koreopolis. However, when Greek letters and pronunciation were turned to English, it is said the spelling therefore accidentally got changed." The History of Pennsylvania, Page 1577, indicates that the city was built on land, then owned, by James Harvey McCabe and when the borough charter was granted, he was elected first burgess. "and, under his careful and interested administration the departments of the new government and were, in an astonishing short time, working with great lubricity and resulting high efficiency. As he took the lead in the matter of establishing the new form of government, so it was his energetic championing of the projected laying of the tracks of the Pittsburg and Lake Erie through the borough that made that enterprise possible, his active assistance in securing rights of way being an important factor in its success."

Growth to modern day
Community development in Coraopolis moved along gradually with the building of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad in 1877. Several Coraopolis residents were stockholders in this enterprise. In 1890, oil was discovered at both ends of the borough, which briefly stimulated a population boom. The effects did not last long, however, as the oil supplies were found to be rather modest.

In 1892, community development took off with the construction of the first high-speed electric street railway in the United States. The railway was scheduled to run up to 40 mph, going from Coraopolis, over Neville Island and to McKees Rocks. Along with the railway came Consolidated Lamp and Glass Company to Coraopolis, moving from its location in Fostoria, Ohio. Consolidated Glass employed up to 350 people, and was located in Coraopolis from 1895 until 1963. Other Coraopolis residents worked for the new industries established on Neville Island.

Coraopolis' first municipal building was built in 1897 on State Avenue and was used until 1929, when next building was constructed on Fifth Ave. Coraopolis dedicated a new municipal complex on Fourth Ave in 2017 that houses all municipal departments, including the police and fire stations.

Two significant contributions to modern educational practice took place in the area. In 1955, Dr. Harry Houtz published a six-year study in the National Education Journal demonstrating that phonics was a more effective way of teaching reading, and in 1957, Herbert Snell published his study of performance-based academic tracking in junior high, which became widely adopted. Coraopolis and Neville Township merged their schools to form Cornell School District in 1971, and all students reported to the new Cornell Educational Center in 1976.

Coraopolis is the birthplace of actors Michael Keaton and S. William Hinzman. Jerry Gibson, a Negro league baseball player, played here for the Coraopolis Grays. The corporate headquarters for Dick's Sporting Goods is located in Corapolis.

Coraopolis is experiencing a period of revitalization highlighted by new storefront businesses and façade improvements in the central business district. In 2017, two new brewpubs, a craft distillery, a coffee shop, a restaurant, and several other small businesses opened their doors. Coraopolis also shares a new athletic complex with neighboring Robinson and Moon Townships that will feature soccer, rugby, and lacrosse fields, when completed. The 1896 Richardsonian Romanesque train station is also being restored, and will become a community center and event space once completed.

Geography
Coraopolis is located at 40.51583°N, -80.16278°W (40.515818, -80.162791). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 1.5 sqmi, of which 1.3 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi, or 9.46%, is water.

Surrounding and adjacent communities
Situated along the southern bank of the Ohio River, Coraopolis has two land borders, including Moon Township to the south and west and Robinson Township to the southeast. Across the Ohio River's back channel, Coraopolis is connected to Neville Island (Neville Township) via the Coraopolis Bridge to the northeast and is adjacent to the boroughs of Haysville, Glen Osborne, and Sewickley across the Ohio River's confluence at the northeast end of Neville Island.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,131 people, 2,880 households, and 1,552 families residing in the borough. The population density was 4,582.3 /mi2. There were 3,119 housing units at an average density of 2,331.1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the borough was 84.96% White, 12.43% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.57% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 2,880 households, out of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.0% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.1% were non-families. 40.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the borough, the population was spread out, with 19.4% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $32,321, and the median income for a family was $41,081. Males had a median income of $31,374 versus $25,269 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $17,595. About 6.4% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics
Coraopolis is a Pennsylvania borough with an elected borough council, elected mayor, and a professional borough manager. It is located within Pennsylvania's Representative District 45, Pennsylvania Senate District 42, and U.S. Congressional District 17.

Notable people

 * Bill DeVenzio, professional basketball player.
 * Dane Jackson, professional football player.
 * Michael Keaton, actor and director.

title: Coraopolis, Pennsylvania


text:
Greenmount National Park

Greenmount National Park is a national park in the locality of Greenmount, Western Australia, 22 km east of Perth.

It is one of the smaller national parks along the Darling Scarp and is a component of the Darling Range Regional Park. Due to its proximity to John Forrest National Park, which used to be known as Greenmount National Park until 1928, and relationship to subsequent reserves to the south it is a vital scarp wildlife corridor.

Bus tours were available from Perth in 1933 with Hill's Bus Tours offering passengers a tour around the park on Sundays in September. Beam Transport Ltd. offered a similar service through the Park to Mundaring Weir in 1937.

As a feature adjacent to the Helena River Valley it has significance in Aboriginal folklore, and also featured very early on in early European settler's diaries.

Mountain Quarry is one of several blue stone quarries located within the park, popular with rock climbers and walkers. Vehicle access to the quarry site is restricted; however a car-park and picnic facilities including toilets are within walking distance of the main site, which is completely accessible on foot. There are several panels containing historical information about the site spread around as part of the popular Railway Reserves Heritage Trail, which runs close to the quarry.

The Boya/Koongamia leg of the Railway Reserves Heritage Trail, also known as the "Bridle Trail", curves around the south-western edge of the park, crossing through the Mountain Quarry car-park and picnic area.

In the early 2000s significant bushfire damage occurred on the southern slopes of this park. Large fire-breaks bisect the park, serving as popular walking routes among locals.

The western and northern slopes, visible from Great Eastern Highway, have extensive Watsonia infestations.

In late 2005, the government authority in charge of the national park was taking steps to prevent vehicular access along the top of the ridge to the lookout due to vandalism and issues with residents adjacent to the park.

The park is situated along the side of Greenmount Hill and has views over the Swan Coastal Plain below and Perth to the west. The dominant vegetation in the park is eucalypts such as marri and wandoo along with an array of wild flowers and heathland along the northern slopes. The hill is steep and contain several breakaways and rocky outcrops.

title: Greenmount National Park


text:
Hassell National Park

Hassell National Park is a national park in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 367 km southeast of Perth and 57 km north east of Albany.

Named after John Hassell, a retired sea captain, who was responsible for opening up extensive areas in the south of the state during the 1850s as he extended his pastoral leases east from Frankland as far as Jerramungup.

The park straddles the South Coast Highway between Manypeaks and Wellstead.

The site is regarded as an important ecological area as a result of it being a largely intact vegetation and wildlife corridor that serves to link the Mount Manypeaks and Waychinicup areas with the Cheynes Beach and Pallinup areas.

The park has no entry fee and has no facilities provided for visitors.

A population of the very rare Brown's Banksia, composed of 100 to 200 plants, can be found within the confines of the park.

title: Hassell National Park


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Mirima National Park

Mirima National Park also commonly known as Hidden Valley National Park is a National Park in far northern Western Australia located at the eastern side of the Kimberley region. It is located approximately 2220 km from Perth just outside the township of Kununurra.

The park covers a total area of 2068 ha and was declared a national park in 1982.

Unusual sandstone formations dominate the park and are often compared to the Bungle Bungles.

The area is of great significance to the local indigenous peoples, the Miriuwung, and several examples of rock art can be found within the park.

"Mirima" is the name given by the Miriwoong people to the area extending some 150 kilometres to the north and south, and 170 kilometres to the east and west from Kununurra.

Access to the park is via a sealed bitumen road and an entry fee to the park applies. Camping and fires within the park are not permitted. Facilities include toilets, tables, information shelters and three walk trails around the park.

title: Mirima National Park


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John Forrest National Park

John Forrest National Park is a national park in the Darling Scarp, 24 km east of Perth, Western Australia. Proclaimed as a national park in November 1900, it was the first national park in Western Australia.

Name
As early as 1898, the land was reserved for conservation and recreation. Two years later, it was named Greenmount National Park. It was still being identified as National Park in the late 1930s, and it was not until 1947 that the name change occurred to commemorate Sir John Forrest, the first Premier of Western Australia.

Location
The park is on the edge of the Darling Scarp east of Perth, north of the Great Eastern Highway. To the west is the suburb of Swan View, with Pechey Road as a natural western boundary. To the south of the Great Eastern Highway the suburbs adjacent are Darlington and Glen Forrest. To the east is Hovea.

History
It was bisected by the Eastern Railway when it was constructed in the 1890s and rail traffic passed through until 1966, when the line was closed due to the opening of the Avon Valley route.

The alignment through the Swan View Tunnel and through the park was commonly known as the "National Park" railway line.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s many features near the main park buildings were built as part of relief employment. Some have been restored.

It was a popular railway excursion location while the railway was in existence (1890s to 1960s). Initially Hovea was the nearest railway station but in 1936 the National Park railway station was built. Also often photographed were National Park Falls, and the Hovea Falls.

After the railway line was closed and removed the formation became part of the Railway Reserves Heritage Trail vested in the Mundaring Shire Council. The section within the park is now known as the John Forrest Heritage Trail.

Current conditions
While larger kangaroos remain, significant populations of smaller marsupials have been devastated by foxes, feral cats and dogs in this park.

Drought and dieback have affected the jarrah forest within the park. At the edges of the park, introduced species of weed and problematic vegetation threaten the integrity of the park. In some areas wildflowers remain a feature to the edge of the internal roads despite the changes.

Also with rationalising of staff within the Department of Environment and Conservation management, earlier levels of staffing on parks such as this one have been reduced to minimal levels.

Significant damaging bushfires occurred in the western and northern sections of the park in the 1990s and early 2000s. In November 2010 a bushfire, believed to have been deliberately lit, damaged a significant area of the park including part of the Eagle's View trail.

At various stages parts of the park have been accessed by mountain bike activity.

John Forrest Tavern
John Forrest Wildflower Tavern and Restaurant was opened in 1978. It was centrally located within the park just uphill from the ranger's office. It become a landmark for events such as car club rallies and orienteering clubs. The outside court yard was a popular tourist attraction as native birds and kangaroos, seeking food, approach close to the building.

The Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions closed the venue in 2022.

Walking trails
John Forrest National Park has several walk trail options that cater for different abilities and fitness level. All walks start at the main picnic area. Walks include:

 * Christmas Tree Creek Walk (10.5 km)
 * Eagle View Walk Trail (16 km)
 * Glen Brook Walk (2.2 km)
 * Jane Brook Promenade (300 m loop)
 * John Forrest Bridle Trail (15 km)
 * National Parks Falls Walk (2.5 km)
 * Wildflower Walk (4.5 km)

title: John Forrest National Park


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Kalamunda National Park

Kalamunda National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 23 km east of Perth, near the town of Kalamunda.

Description
The park is composed of typical Darling Scarp woodland including species of marri, jarrah and wandoo with a diverse understorey including a range of wildflowers.

Piesse Brook flows through the park before joining the Helena River, making the park and important catchment area for both the Helena and the Swan Rivers.

No fees apply to enter the park but facilities exist within the park for visitors apart from several walk trails including the northern end of the Bibbulmun Track.

Important Bird Area
The park lies within the Mundaring-Kalamunda Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance as a non-breeding season roost site and foraging base for long-billed black cockatoos.

title: Kalamunda National Park


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Kalbarri National Park

Kalbarri National Park is located 485 km north of Perth, in the Mid West region of Western Australia.

The major geographical features of the park include the Murchison River gorge which runs for nearly 80 km on the lower reaches of the Murchison River. Spectacular coastal cliffs are located on the coast near the mouth of the Murchison River and the town of Kalbarri.

Geography
Kalbarri National Park preserves the inland desert regions of red and white striped Tumblagooda sandstone east of the town of Kalbarri, particularly the lower reaches of the Murchison River and its gorge, as well as the mouth of the river by Meanarra Hill.

The western edge of the park protects the coastline south of the town which features cliffs more than 100 m high. The coastal area contains several wind and water eroded rock formations including a sea stack and a natural bridge.

Climate
The park is open all year round though temperatures can be extremely high from December through April. The park lies in the northernmost limits of the transition zone between a Mediterranean and a semi-arid climate. Winters are warm with moderate precipitation. Summers are hot and dry with temperatures that frequently exceed 40 °C in the inland part of the park. Inland areas can often be more than 10 °C (18 °F) higher than along the coast and in town. Monthly precipitation levels are low with most rain falling from May through August. Heavy rainfalls may cause the roads to the gorge to be closed.

Flora
The Kalbarri area is known for its diversity and extent of wildflowers. More than 800 species of wildflowers bloom from late winter through early summer with peak times in August and September. Twenty-one plant species are found only in the coastal cliff tops and gorge country predominantly in the National Park. One of the best known local plants is the Kalbarri catspaw, a small yellow or red plant that is usually seen on recently burnt country from August to September. Several orchids can only be seen in and near the park, including the Kalbarri spider orchid and the Murchison hammer orchid.

The small-petalled Beyeria or short-petalled Beyeria, once thought to be extinct, was re-discovered in the park in 1994. The population in the park is one of only three known populations.

Fauna
The park area has observation records for about 200 different animal species in the interior of the park along the Murchison River. More than 400 species have been recorded near the coast and around the town of Kalbarri. The threatened tammar wallaby was observed previously in the area but not lately.

Approximately 150 bird species have been observed including the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax) and Australian pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus). Some of the recorded mammal species in the interior include the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus), short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) and spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis). The only observed bat in the park is the Finlayson's cave bat (Vespadelus finlaysoni). The recorded reptile species include the thorny devil (Moloch horridus), western bearded dragon (Pogona minor) and central netted dragon (Ctenophorus nuchalis). The only observed amphibian is Günther's toadlet (Pseudophryne guentheri). About 30 different arthropods have been recorded including a dragonfly called the Pilbara tiger (Ictinogomphus dobsoni) and the savanna black tree ant (Tetraponera punctulata).

Activities
The most popular activities are sightseeing, boating, fishing, picnicking and bushwalking. Other activities include abseiling in the gorge and horseback riding, as well as scuba diving, snorkelling, surfing and swimming in the Indian Ocean at Red Bluff Beach and the small beach at Pot Alley. From Kalbarri there are scenic cruises along the Murchison River and flights over Kalbarri National Park. Construction of the two Kalbarri Skywalk platforms are now completed and offer expansive views of the Murchison River Gorge and Kalbarri National Park.

Facilities
There are no campsites or other accommodations and no water available within the park boundaries. All overnight visitors must use the facilities in the town unless they are on a multi-day bushwalk or boat tour.

Features
Coastal part, starting from the town of Kalbarri and moving south:
 * Red Bluff
 * Mushroom Rock
 * Rainbow Valley
 * Pot Alley
 * Eagle Gorge
 * Shellhouse and Grandstand
 * Island Rock
 * Natural Bridge

Inland part, along the Murchison River Gorge:
 * Nature's Window
 * The Loop
 * Z Bend
 * Hawks Head
 * Ross Graham Lookout

title: Kalbarri National Park


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Karijini National Park

Karijini National Park is an Australian national park centred in the Hamersley Ranges of the Pilbara region in the northwestern section of Western Australia. The park is located north of the Tropic of Capricorn, 1055 km from the state's capital city, Perth. Formerly known as Hamersley Range National Park, the park was officially renamed in 1991.

At 627422 ha, Karijini is the second largest national park in Western Australia (behind Karlamilyi National Park), with rock formations that are estimated at 2.5 billion years old. The ideal time to visit Karijini National Park is between May and September, during Australia's late autumn, winter and early spring. The days are warm but the nights are cold. Summer temperatures which regularly reach in excess of 38 °C make it less practical to visit, with added risk of bushfires.

The park is physically split into a northern and a southern half by a corridor containing the Hamersley and Robe River railway and the Marandoo iron ore mine. Tourist attractions such as gorges and waterfalls are located in the northern half of the park, accessible via sealed and gravel roads. There are no sealed access roads in the southern half.

The park is served by the Paraburdoo Airport (PBO) located 100 km from Karijini National Park and Newman Airport (ZNE) is 263 km from Karijini National Park. Hire cars are available from both airports. Solomon Airport, located 15 km to the west services some of the nearby iron ore mines.

History
The park is the traditional home of the Banyjima, Kurrama and Innawonga Aboriginal people. The Banyjima name for the Hamersley Range is Karijini, meaning 'hilly place'. Evidence of their early occupation dates back more than 20,000 years. During that period, Aboriginal land management practices, such as fire-stick farming, resulted in a diversity of vegetation types and stages of succession that helped determine the nature of the plants and animals found in the park today.

A party led by explorer Francis Thomas Gregory explored the area in 1861. He named the Hamersley Range, on which the park is centred, after his friend Edward Hamersley.

Climate
The park is located in the Pilbara region, and is mostly tropical semi-arid climate. In summer, thunderstorms and cyclones are common, bringing 250 – of rain annually. Temperatures on summer days frequently exceed 40 °C, while winter nights can bring frost.

Geology
Several gorges that flow north out of the parkincluding Dales, Kalamina, Wittenoom and Yampire Gorgesprovide notable displays of the rock layers:
 * Banded iron formation – Brockman iron formation
 * Dolomite – Wittenoom dolomite
 * Shale – Mount McRae Shale

Fauna
The park's wildlife includes red kangaroos, euros, rock-wallabies, echidnas, geckos, goannas, bats, legless lizards and a large variety of birds and snakes, including pythons.

Features
The park is most notable for its many gorges containing slot canyons, waterfalls and water holes with visitors sometimes swimming in the cold pools of water.

Hamersley Gorge is located in the northwestern region of the park, while Range Gorge is in the north, Munjina Gorge is in the east, and Hancock, Joffre, Knox, Red and Weano Gorges converge in the park's centre.

While the park is fully open to the public, visitors are warned to exercise due caution when walking in and around the vicinity of Yampire and Wittenoom Gorges near the northern boundary of the park due to the presence of blue asbestosa known cancer-causing agent when inhaledwhich occurs in a number of the rock formations.

title: Karijini National Park