text:
Stinson Beach, California

Stinson Beach is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California, on the west coast of the United States. Stinson Beach is located east-southeast of Bolinas, right across the channel that terminates the bay mouth bar of the Bolinas Lagoon. at an elevation of 26 ft. The population of the Stinson Beach CDP was 541 at the 2020 census.

Stinson Beach is about a 35-minute drive from the Golden Gate Bridge on California State Route 1 (the Shoreline Highway). It is near important attractions such as Muir Woods National Monument, Muir Beach, and Mount Tamalpais.

Stinson Beach is a popular day trip for people in the San Francisco Bay Area and for tourists visiting Northern California. Although most visitors arrive by private car, Stinson Beach is linked to Marin City by a daily bus service, and the network of hiking trails around Mount Tamalpais also reaches the town. The beach is one of the cleanest in the state, and sandy, unlike the rockier neighboring beach in Bolinas.

History
Nathan H. Stinson bought land at the site in 1866.

In 1870, the first road was built along the Pacific coast from Sausalito, and a tent settlement sprang up amongst the willow trees at the beach, which gave rise to the town's original name, Willow Camp. The Mt. Tamalpais & Muir Woods Railway opened in 1896, making Willow Camp more accessible. Visitors could ride the train to West Point Inn and then hike or arrange a stagecoach to take them to the beach. In 1906, refugees from the San Francisco earthquake came to the area and built some of the area's first businesses. Stinson Beach became the official town name in 1916, in honor of the largest landowners, Rose and Nathan Stinson.

The first post office opened in 1916.

In 1939, the beach was sold to Marin County. It was transferred to the state of California in 1950, and was eventually transferred to the National Park Service in 1977.

In 1963, Merrill and Joann Grohman started the Pacific Sun, Stinson Beach's only newspaper of general circulation. It began operations in the back of a Stinson Beach's larger grocery store, Bill's Superette, in the space previously housing the Post Office. The Sun moved to San Rafael in 1966.

In 2002, a surfer was attacked by a 12 to 15 ft great white shark while surfing off Stinson Beach. The young man survived, but received more than 100 stitches to close his wounds. The attack was the second in Stinson Beach, and the 13th in Marin County since 1952. In 1998, Jonathan Kathrein was attacked by a great white shark while bodyboarding. His injury from the shark bite required over 600 stitches. The surf off Stinson Beach is within an area known as the Red Triangle, where there have been an unusually high number of shark attacks.

Marin County added 12 tsunami warning signs to the Stinson Beach shoreline in 2012 to explain the risk to beachgoers.

Geography
Stinson Beach is located in southern Marin County at 37.90056°N, -122.64444°W, between Bolinas and Muir Beach. It is 15 mi by road northwest of Sausalito and 20 mi northwest of San Francisco.

The CDP has a total area of 0.89 sqmi, all of it recorded as land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Stinson Beach has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. Like much of the California coast, summer afternoons are often cool and windy (and usually foggy) as winds blow in off the cold ocean. Adjacent sea surface temperatures are typically in the low to mid 50s F year-round. It receives more rain than other coast cities in the San Francisco Bay Area in this latitude with 1034.70 mm of rain.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Stinson Beach had a population of 632. The population density was 433.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Stinson Beach was 582 (92.1%) White, 3 (0.5%) African American, 8 (1.3%) Native American, 14 (2.2%) Asian, 1 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 9 (1.4%) from other races, and 15 (2.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33 persons (5.2%).

The Census reported that 629 people (99.5% of the population) lived in households, 3 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 339 households, out of which 50 (14.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 134 (39.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14 (4.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 10 (2.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 26 (7.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (2.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 147 households (43.4%) were made up of individuals, and 45 (13.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.86. There were 158 families (46.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.54.

The population was spread out, with 76 people (12.0%) under the age of 18, 26 people (4.1%) aged 18 to 24, 117 people (18.5%) aged 25 to 44, 278 people (44.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 135 people (21.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

There were 773 housing units at an average density of 529.8 /sqmi, of which 209 (61.7%) were owner-occupied, and 130 (38.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.7%. 425 people (67.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 204 people (32.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 751 people, 374 households, and 178 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 712 PD/sqmi. There were 693 housing units at an average density of 657 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP in 2010 was 89.6% non-Hispanic White, 0.5% non-Hispanic African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.2% from Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.2% of the population.

There were 374 households, out of which 18.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.4% were non-families. 42.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16.9% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 39.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $87,679, and the median income for a family was $105,827. Males had a median income of $58,750 versus $56,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $62,452. About 3.8% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.4% of those 65 or over.

Education
Stinson Beach is in the Bolinas-Stinson Union School District, the Tamalpais Union High School District, and the Marin Community College District. Students in primary grades (K-2) attend Stinson Beach School, while elementary grade students (grades 3–8) attend Bolinas School. Stinson Beach is in the attendance area of Tamalpais High School, in Mill Valley.

Government
Stinson Beach is unincorporated, receiving general government services from Marin County, including law enforcement, land use planning, library, public health, and code enforcement. Three special districts provide local services. The Stinson Beach County Water District provides water and septic tank maintenance service and contracts for garbage and recycling collection. The Stinson Beach Volunteer Fire Protection District provides fire protection, emergency medical care, and disaster management services. The Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District administers programs which aim to mitigate flooding, historically concentrating on issues related to the flooding of Easkoot Creek.

Community organizations
The Stinson Beach Village Association was formed in 1976 to represent the town as the County developed the first Stinson Beach Community Plan. The Village Association's current elected president is village resident Michael Matthews. Previously, development of the town had been promoted by the Stinson Beach Progressive Club, one of several non-profit organizations that formed the board of the Stinson Beach Community Center. The other founding organizations were the Allied Arts Club, the Stinson Beach Community Church, The Volunteer Fire Department, and the Parent-Teachers Club. The Community Center complex on Belvedere Avenue includes the Fire House, which fronts on Shoreline Highway, the Community Center, and the Chapel. The land was donated by the FitzHenrys and the other heirs of the Stinson families.

Regional recreation areas

 * Audubon Canyon Ranch
 * Golden Gate National Recreation Area
 * Mount Tamalpais State Park
 * Point Reyes National Seashore

Annual events
On the second Sunday of June, the town serves as the ending point for the annual running of the Dipsea Race, the second-oldest footrace in the U.S. The California Road Club holds its Mount Tamalpais Hill Climb, one of the oldest bicycle races in the West, in early fall. Since 2002, the race has been held on the third Saturday of the month, with about 400 bicyclists competing in the 12.5 mi road race from Stinson to the head of Bolinas Lagoon and on to the West summit of Mount Tamalpais at Rock Spring.

"Cuisine on the Green" is a yearly event held in the town's central park, the Village Green, each May. It features local restaurants and merchants selling a wide variety of foods, trinkets, clothing, art, and novelty items at different booths. Talent local to the area often performs on the small park stage. Cuisine on the Green benefits the Stinson Beach Community Center.

On July 4 of every year, a "tug-of-war" is held with Bolinas across the inlet dividing the two communities. Thirty women from each shore pull against each other until a winner is declared, and then 30 men from each take their turn. It is a slice of life, pure Americana, and always contested both during the actual event and then afterward in the local bars of Smiley's and the Sand Dollar, where the winners' trophies are displayed.

Notable people

Residents, landowners, and summer people important in the development, life, and culture of Stinson Beach. Arrival or tenure is shown in square brackets. Birth and death dates are shown in parentheses.

 * Rafael Garcia [1836–1846], first settler on Bolinas Lagoon.
 * Gregorio (1791–May 10, 1863) and Ramona Garcia Briones (1793/4–June 23, 1901), received the Rancho Las Baulines Mexican land grant on February 11, 1846; after being widowed, Ramona married Benancio Munos when she was almost 80; when she died at the age of 107, Ramona Garcia Munos was believed to be the oldest woman in California.
 * Pablo Briones [1837–?], with his uncle, Rafael Garcia, managed the Rancho for his parents, Gregorio and Ramona; trained as curandero by his aunt, Juana Briones de Miranda; settled in Bolinas.
 * Captain Isaac Morgan [c. 1851–?], purchased the portion of Rancho Las Baulines east of Bolinas Lagoon in 1852; on this property, called Belvidere Ranch and which was to become Stinson Beach, he grew apples, cut wood, built boats, and had a dairy farm; in 1866, as lead partner in the Morgan Land Company, purchased the Page Tract, which ran from Belvidere Ranch to Dogtown and which became the Bourne and Wilkins Ranches.
 * Nathan and Rose Stinson [1870s–?], established first campground at Willow Camp.
 * Captain Alfred Easkoot [1870s–], Marin County surveyor; founder of second campground.; member of Duxbury Grove No. 26, UAOD
 * Thaddeus Welch (1844–1919) and Ludmila Pilat Welch (1867–1925) [1896–1905], American painters
 * William Kent (March 29, 1864 – March 13, 1928) United States Congressman; donor of the land for the Muir Woods National Monument; owner of the beach and tidelands that became Seadrift.
 * Newman Lee Fitzhenry (1881–November 20, 1938) [c. 1913–1938], BS, University of Chicago, 1905; married Eve Stinson and pursued real estate and resort development; suicided November 20, 1938.
 * William Kent Jr., began the development of the Seadrift subdivision in the 1950s.
 * Mildred Sadler (May 16, 1905 – February 18, 2004) (1926–2004), Principal, Stinson Beach School, 1926–1967.
 * Landis Everson (1960s), poet and painter.
 * George Hunter White, also known as Colonel White (1965–1975) (died October 23, 1975), Federal Bureau of Narcotics agent and District Supervisor, retired; OSS Counter-Intelligence Director during WWII; led Project MKULTRA in Boston and Operation Midnight Climax in New York and San Francisco brothels (or "safehouses") until the closure of the San Francisco facilities in 1965; Fire Marshall, Stinson Beach Fire Department
 * Elmer Collett (1966–present), former professional football player for the 49ers and the Colts
 * Peter Bishop Allen (November 1, 1943 – June 3, 2004) (c. 1967–2004), sculptor of marine mammals; Assistant Chief, Stinson Beach Fire Department; founder of The Kids Camp nature education program
 * Steve Miller (1960s–1970s), musician
 * Jerry Garcia (1970s), musician
 * Carolyn Garcia, also known as Mountain Girl (1970s), member of Merry Pranksters, wife of Jerry Garcia
 * Keith and Donna Godchaux (1970s), musicians
 * Peter Rowan (1970s), musician
 * Richard Jencks - former President of CBS.
 * The Rowan Brothers – Lorin and Chris Rowan (1970s), musicians
 * David Grisman (1970s), musician
 * George Frayne (born c. 1946) (c. 1973–199), musician (Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen) and artist; Frayne has referred to Stinson Beach as "formerly the grooviest place on earth."
 * Joseph Esherick (1987), famed architect; designed a home on Sea Drift Road
 * James Grant (1924–1997) (c. 1980–1997), painter and sculptor; the art exhibit wall at the Stinson Beach Branch Library is named in his honor
 * Jerry Cebe (August 10, 1940 - Sep 1, 2017), artist (abstract painting; art glass)
 * Klaus Kinski

In popular culture
Stinson Beach has been the setting and filming location for several movies, including:

 * Play It Again, Sam
 * The Fog
 * Memoirs of an Invisible Man
 * The Invisible Man (2020 film); this adaptation is unrelated to the novel & film listed above.
 * Basic Instinct
 * On The Edge
 * Shoot The Moon
 *  The Crazy-Quilt (1966 John Korty Film)
 * America Is Still the Place

The town was mentioned in an episode of M*A*S*H—"The Merchant of Korea". In the episode, BJ borrows $200 from Charles to wire home to his wife as a down payment on the purchase of a one-acre lot with "trees, the beach, a view of San Francisco...everything!"

George Frayne (Commander Cody) wrote a song about Stinson Beach entitled "Midnight on The Strand". It was recorded on his 1987 album, Let's Rock.

The town and the beach are the topic of a poem by Garrison Keillor. In We Are Still Married: Stories and Letters, Keillor has a four-page essay about his visits to Stinson Beach and how thinking of the beach helps him sleep.

The poet Robert Duncan wrote his influential collection Opening the Field at a house in Stinson Beach.

Janis Joplin's cremated ashes were scattered along this beach as well as the Pacific Ocean.

The story of a young surfer's recovery from a shark attack is the subject of a book, Far from Shore.

Author Danielle Steel writes about Stinson Beach in her novel One Day at a Time (Dell, 2009, ISBN 978-0-440-24333-5).

title: Stinson Beach, California


text:
Strawberry, Marin County, California

Strawberry is a census-designated place (CDP) and an unincorporated district of Marin County, California, United States. It shares a ZIP code (94941) with Mill Valley (hence, addresses in Strawberry are listed as "Mill Valley") and falls within its school districts; however, it is considered within the sphere of influence of the town of Tiburon. It is largely separated from Mill Valley by U.S. Route 101. Its population was 5,447 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Strawberry is located in southern Marin County at 37.89694°N, -122.50889°W. Occupying Strawberry Point that extends into Richardson Bay, it is bordered to the east by Tiburon, to the west by Mill Valley, and to the north by unincorporated Alto. To the south, across the west arm of Richardson Bay, are Marin City and Sausalito. U.S. Route 101 forms the western edge of Strawberry, with the highway leading north 6 mi to San Rafael, the county seat, and south 8 mi over the Golden Gate Bridge to San Francisco. (A portion of unincorporated Mill Valley west of the freeway is sometimes included in the overall Strawberry CDP.)

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Strawberry CDP has a total area of 1.9 sqmi, of which 1.3 sqmi are land and 0.6 sqmi, or 30.44%, are water. Aramburu Island is separated from Strawberry by Richardson Bay.

Ring Mountain, holding significant evidence of Native American habitation, dominates the high ground east of Strawberry on the Tiburon Peninsula.

Strawberry Spit was once the gathering site of harbor seals, who previously lived and fished here, but after development on the spit began in the 1980s they left.

Strawberry is the site of a major transfer bus stop for Golden Gate Transit.

2010
At the 2010 census 5,393 people, 2,510 households, and 1,307 families resided in the CDP. The population density was 4,094.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,729 housing units at an average density of 2,048.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.2% White (76.1% non-Hispanic), 10.9% Asian, 2.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. 6.5% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The census reported that 95.4% of the population lived in households, 4.5% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0.1% were institutionalized.

Of the 2,510 households 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 41.0% were opposite-sex married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present. 4.6% of households were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 0.8% were same-sex married couples or partnerships. 40.6% of households were one person and 14.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.80.

The age distribution was 19.9% under the age of 18, 4.2% aged 18 to 24, 27.7% aged 25 to 44, 30.8% aged 45 to 64, and 17.5% 65 or older. The median age was 44.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.

There were 2,729 housing units of which 39.2% were owner-occupied and 60.8% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.4%. 44.2% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 51.2% lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 5,302 people, 2,435 households, and 1,246 families in the CDP. The population density was 3,901.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,513 housing units at an average density of 1,849.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP in 2010 was 76.1% non-Hispanic White, 2.1% non-Hispanic African American, 0.2% Native American, 10.9% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5%.

Of the 2,435 households 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.8% were non-families. 38.8% of households were one person and 9.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.79.

The age distribution was 18.7% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 35.2% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median household income was $70,432 and the median family income was $99,409. Males had a median income of $70,298 versus $46,336 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $50,581. About 4.0% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.

Educational institutions
Almost all of Strawberry is in the Mill Valley Elementary School District, while a portion is in the Reed Union Elementary School District. All of it is in the Tamalpais Union High School District, and the Marin Community College District. Strawberry is in the attendance areas for Mill Valley Middle School and Tamalpais High School.

Strawberry is home to one public school, Strawberry Point School (K - 5), of the Mill Valley District.

Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary closed its Strawberry campus in 2016 after many decades of operation.

Strawberry Point School
Strawberry Point School opened in 1952. Starting in 1969, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students attended Mill Valley Middle School. Strawberry Point School closed in 1990 and reopened in 2000. Huey Lewis attended Strawberry Point School in the 1950s, where he skipped second grade.

The song "Mill Valley", recorded in 1970 and released on the album Miss Abrams and the Strawberry Point 4th Grade Class, became a nationwide hit. (Listen to a clip of "Mill Valley".)

Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary
The site of the Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary on Strawberry Point, now known as the Seminary at Strawberry, was considered for the headquarters for the United Nations. This was because in the 1940s when the UN was established in San Francisco, Strawberry was undeveloped. It was seen as a tranquil and peaceful setting. New York City was eventually chosen.

Government
Strawberry is unincorporated, receiving most of its general government services from Marin County. It is in the 3rd Supervisorial District and,, is represented by Supervisor Kate Sears.

The Strawberry Recreation District provides limited services in the area, including recreation facilities. It has an elected board of five directors. District boundaries do not exactly match those of the CDP.

Strawberry is in the Southern Marin Fire Protection District, which also serves Tamalpais Valley, Homestead Valley, Almonte, Alto, part of the Town of Tiburon, and, since 2004, the City of Sausalito. Prior to the creation of the District in 1999, Strawberry was in the Alto-Richardson Fire Protection District.

Strawberry shares a ZIP code (94941) with Mill Valley (hence, addresses in Strawberry are listed as "Mill Valley") and falls within its school districts. The city of Tiburon once considered Strawberry within its sphere of influence, but in 2004 the Marin Local Agency Formation Commission "concluded that gradual annexation of Strawberry would be unlikely."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Strawberry, Marin County, California


text:
Tamalpais-Homestead Valley, California

Tamalpais-Homestead Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 11,492 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Tamalpais-Homestead Valley is located at 37.88853°N, -122.53961°W. It is bordered by Mill Valley to the north and Sausalito to the southeast. It is about 10 minutes north of San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge by car. California State Route 1 (also known as Shoreline Highway and the Pacific Coast Highway) runs through the Valley and is the road most often used to access western Marin County. Nearby landmarks include the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Mount Tamalpais State Park, Muir Woods National Monument, Tennessee Valley and Muir Beach.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.7 sqmi, of which 0.06 sqmi, or 1.31%, are water.

2010
At the 2010 census Tamalpais-Homestead Valley had a population of 10,735. The population density was 2,307.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Tamalpais-Homestead Valley was 9,449 (88.0%) White, 91 (0.8%) African American, 24 (0.2%) Native American, 592 (5.5%) Asian, 28 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 121 (1.1%) from other races, and 430 (4.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 499 people (4.6%).

The census reported that 99.9% of the population lived in households and 0.1% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 4,447 households, 1,516 (34.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,458 (55.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 312 (7.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 149 (3.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 234 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 65 (1.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,143 households (25.7%) were one person and 383 (8.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.41. There were 2,919 families (65.6% of households); the average family size was 2.92.

The age distribution was 2,571 people (23.9%) under the age of 18, 345 people (3.2%) aged 18 to 24, 2,344 people (21.8%) aged 25 to 44, 3,964 people (36.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,511 people (14.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 45.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

There were 4,703 housing units at an average density of 1,010.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 76.1% were owner-occupied and 23.9% were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 79.5% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 20.4% lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 10,691 people, 4,558 households, and 2,803 families living in the CDP. The population density was 2,145.8 PD/sqmi. There were 4,646 housing units at an average density of 932.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP in 2010 was 85.0% non-Hispanic White, 0.8% non-Hispanic African American, 0.1% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.6%.

Of the 4,558 households 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families. 25.7% of households were one person and 5.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.80.

The age distribution was 20.1% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 35.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median household income was $102,094 and the median family income was $122,142. Males had a median income of $79,518 versus $60,058 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $56,913. About 1.7% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Most of the CDP is in the Mill Valley Elementary School District. Some of it is in the Sausalito Marin City School District. All of it is in the Tamalpais Union High School District.

title: Tamalpais-Homestead Valley, California


text:
Tiburon, California

Tiburon (Tiburón, ) is an incorporated town in Marin County, California. It is located on the Tiburon Peninsula, which reaches south into the San Francisco Bay. It shares a ZIP code (94920) with the smaller incorporated city of Belvedere (formerly a separate island), which occupies the southwest part of the peninsula and is contiguous with Tiburon. Tiburon is bordered by Corte Madera to the north and Mill Valley to the west, but is otherwise mostly surrounded by the bay. Besides Belvedere and Tiburon, much of the peninsula is unincorporated, including portions of the north side and the communities of Strawberry and Paradise Cay.

The population of Tiburon was 9,146 at the 2020 census and has 6,600 registered voters. Belvedere and Tiburon share a post office, library and recreation agency. The city's name derives from the Spanish word tiburón, which means "shark". The name was first given to the peninsula on which the city is situated, and probably inspired by the prevalence of locally native leopard sharks in the surrounding waters. Tiburon was formerly the southern terminus of the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad (subsequently the Northwestern Pacific Railroad), which transported freight for transfer to barges for shipping to cities around San Francisco Bay. It is now a commuter and tourist town, linked by fast ferry services to San Francisco and with a concentration of restaurants and clothes shops. It is the nearest mainland point to Angel Island and a regular ferry service connects to the island.

History
Earliest human habitation of the local area was by Native Americans, who have left rock carvings on Ring Mountain.

In 1884, the first post office in Tiburon opened. In 1964, Tiburon incorporated.

Much of the modern history material below is drawn from the former Town Historian, Branwell Fanning's "Brief History of Tiburon," published in the Town of Tiburon's General Plan.

1775–1882
Tiburón means "shark" in Spanish. Whether Lt. Juan Manuel de Ayala saw a number of sharks near where he anchored the San Carlos in August 1775, off what is now Angel Island, or whether the tree-covered Tiburon Peninsula looked like a shark we may never know. He named the land Punta del Tiburón, or Shark Point. The Coast Miwok Indians had lived here for thousands of years, but there is no clear concept of what they called the peninsula.

John Reed, from Dublin, received a provisional grant for much of Southern Marin, including the Tiburon Peninsula, from the Mexican authorities in 1831, and was formally granted the Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio in 1834. Reed married Hilaria Sánchez, daughter of the commandante of the San Francisco Presidio in 1836. The Reed name is preserved on streets, subdivisions, and the local school district. Various forms of Hilaria's name, and that of her granddaughter Hilarita Reed, are found on streets, a housing development, and the Catholic Church.

Hilarita married Dr. Benjamin Lyford, who became the first land developer with his Lyford's Hygeia, now Old Tiburon. The Benjamin and Hilarita Lyford House, formerly located on their dairy farm on Strawberry Point, is now a feature of the Audubon Society's Western Headquarters and Sanctuary on Greenwood Beach Road.

Tiburon's industrial era
Life changed little in the 40 years between the death of John Reed in 1842 and the arrival of Peter Donahue in 1882. Donahue brought with him the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad (later the Northwestern Pacific Railroad). He made a deal with the Reed family for a right-of-way, blasted out the rock at Point Tiburon, and built a railroad terminal to connect with ferries of San Francisco Bay. The passenger ferries took commuters and automobiles to San Francisco and Sausalito, while barges carried loaded freight cars to San Francisco and Richmond.

Wildflowers surround Old St. Hilary's, Tiburon's iconic hillside landmark, which was originally a mission church named for St. Hilaire, Bishop of Poitiers. The heirs of John Reed — who held title to El Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio, the Mexican land grant that included the Tiburon Peninsula — deeded the one-quarter-acre site for $2.00 to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, which built the church as a place of worship for local railroad workers in 1888. The church was deconsecrated to make way for a new, larger one and was headed for destruction until several individuals intent on preserving local history established the Landmarks Society and purchased the site and building in 1959. It has served as a schoolroom and town meeting hall and is now a popular setting for weddings, concerts and other memorable events.

The last railroad-operated passenger ferry left Tiburon in 1941, but passenger and freight trains ran until 1967. Passenger ferry service was resumed in the 1960s when Harbor Carriers utilized sightseeing boats in the early morning and evening hours. In the 1970s, the railroad removed trackage, plugged tunnels, and demolished the trestle over Trestle Glen and railroad ferry pier. The railroad roadbed was purchased by the City of Tiburon and currently serves as the waterfront rail trail. After years of hearings and studies, the former railroad yards became the Point Tiburon housing and commercial project.

During its heyday, the railroad-ferry service brought many other industries to Tiburon. Codfish canneries sprouted along the bay shore to can fish shipped from Alaska. Ship dismantlers broke up obsolete ocean-going vessels. In 1904, the Navy established a huge coaling station on the east shore of the peninsula on the site of one of the old fish canneries. Brick kilns were built and several powder plants opened, and oyster beds developed in the shallow waters of the bay. The rail yards were fully equipped to repair and service trains, and build rolling stock and locomotives.

Several of the largest San Francisco Bay ferries were built in the Tiburon yards. The Navy coaling station has played a prominent part in the history of both Tiburon and Bay Area at large. Theodore Roosevelt's Great White Fleet was refueled there on its famous round-the-world cruise. Coaling service ended in 1931 and the California Maritime Academy moved in to train officers for the merchant fleet. Because the cranes remaining from coaling operations were operational, the company spinning cables for the Golden Gate Bridge set up shop.

World War II
As World War II loomed, the coaling station site was transformed into the United States Navy Net Depot Tiburon. This facility was used to manufacture and service nets used to stop enemy torpedoes and submarines from entering San Francisco Bay. Later, the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries established research facilities on the site, and the Coast Guard's icebreakers made this their summer home. It is now the Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies operated by San Francisco State University.

With all the seamen, sailors, railroad workers, cannery employees, and local dairymen in Tiburon, the taverns and other attractions of Main Street were popular on Saturday night. Prohibition did not interrupt Main Street activities as the railroad workers were able to signal the Tiburon depot as soon as revenuers boarded a train or ferry headed for town. By the time they got to Tiburon, prayer meetings were being held in the taverns. The volunteer fire department organized spirited baseball games, and the Corinthian Yacht Club was in full swing, so Main Street was not the only activity center.

World War II brought more people to Tiburon as the Navy built housing for NetDepot workers on the site of the present Hilarita Housing, for sailors from submarines at an annex to the Net Depot (now Paradise Beach County Park). Real estate development was minimal until after the war. The descendants of the Reed family still controlled most of the land that was used for cattle ranching. Small areas of filled land were sold to create the Bel Aire and Belveron Gardens subdivisions. The Little Reed Ranch was sold and Hawthorne Terrace, Del Mar, and Reed Heights subdivisions were under way by the time the County finally began preparing a Master Plan for the Tiburon Peninsula.

After several years of public hearings and discussions with the primary landowners, a Master Plan was completed in 1956. It included freeways on both sides of the peninsula, a four lane "ridge route" down the center of the peninsula (with a high-level bridge over Trestle Glen Boulevard), a shopping center on the crest of Ring Mountain, and a bridge to San Francisco (via Angel Island and Alcatraz) off the end. A land-use density of two homes to the acre, plus areas zoned for apartments and duplexes, would have permitted 50,000 to 60,000 people to live in Tiburon.

City incorporation and growth
There had been numerous attempts to incorporate a City of Tiburon over the years, but they had all failed to come to a vote due to the opposition of the large land owners. The only semblance of local land use input came from the Tiburon Peninsula Coordinating Council (TPCC). This was made up of representatives of each of the home owners associations; the school, fire and sanitary districts; and the City of Belvedere. In 1963, after a number of adverse rulings by County planners regarding development on the Tiburon Peninsula, the leaders of the TPCC decided that another attempt to incorporate was justified. A separate incorporation committee was established and work began. The main issues were: revision of the 1956 Master Plan, improved police services, opposition to the bridge to San Francisco, preservation of open space, and a desire for responsive local government.

One of the first challenges to be decided was just what properties were to be included in the incorporated area. The mapping committee started with the Tiburon Fire Protection District map as a base. The properties of large land owners who had been able to frustrate previous attempts were eliminated from the map. Certain areas, such as the Reedlands and part of Belveron Gardens, which were outside the Tiburon Fire District, but which wanted to be in the new city, were added. Angel Island, also outside the fire district boundary, was more controversial. Most did not see any value to having it within the city limits, as it was a state park. The counter argument was that it was "there", and we wanted a say in whatever future development might be planned. The County Boundary Commission (later Marin Local Agency Formation Commission, or LAFCO), at the time made up of the members of the board of supervisors, wanted it out of the new city because of potential sales tax revenues.

They finally yielded to arguments put forth by the incorporation committee, and let it remain within the new city limits. In March 1964 an election was held to create the Town of Tiburon, and on June 23, 1964, the incorporation was final and a town council seated, and mayor elected.

A city manager was hired and a contract for police services was made with the county sheriff. A Planning Commission was established and commissioners appointed. Offices at 80 Main Street were rented. To help plan for the future the Tiburon Advisory Committee was appointed, consisting of citizens who had been active in community affairs. Their report, issued in 1965, outlined goals in land use, recreation, traffic, and "image".

In 1966, at the first election after incorporation, three of the incumbents were replaced. Over the next several years, the new city council strengthened the planning commission and divided it further into boards of design review and adjustments. They completed a new master plan and general plan for the peninsula and new zoning ordinances to implement the plans. They also created a parks and recreation commission. Special ordinances to protect trees and to protect views were created. Property values were rising faster than funds could be accumulated, so bonds were issued and several hundred acres of open space were acquired. Several hundred additional acres were purchased by the Nature Conservancy to permanently protect the ridgelines, and the city purchased additional land from the Navy. The railroad right-of-way, almost 2.5 mi of frontage on Richardson Bay, was acquired for a rail trail.

One of the most difficult decisions involved traffic planning. After numerous public hearings it was finally decided that Tiburon Boulevard would remain a two-lane road east of Trestle Glen Boulevard traffic lights and turnouts were scheduled east of that point and eventually built. The four-lane bypass section from Highway 101 to Blackie's Pasture (the old Tiburon Boulevard became Greenwood Beach Road) was completed in 1966. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) had anticipated extending the four lanes downtown, so the fill created during this project was placed in the Bay east of Blackie's Pasture, and after the City did some land swapping with Caltrans, became McKegney Green and the park South of the Knoll Park. Blackie's Pasture property was also acquired and became part of the series of waterfront parks and paths known as the Richardson Bay Lineal Park.

LAFCO determined that Tiburon's sphere of influence would extend to Highway 101. Annexation of the rest of the peninsula was attempted but never successful due to opposition in Strawberry. Eventually, those areas that wished to be within the city limits were annexed, and the city grew westward to include the Reedland Woods, Bel Aire, Tiburon Crest and Cypress Hollow subdivisions.

After 1997
The completion of the Point Tiburon development in the former railroad yards in 1985 signaled a change in the population mix and needs of the area. In 1997 a new Town Hall was opened with a new Belvedere-Tiburon Library next door. A new police station followed in 2000.

Following a large and successful Millennium Party, the Town has pursued a policy to revitalize Main Street and the rest of downtown Tiburon. Main Street was reconstructed to make it and the shops and restaurants handicapped accessible without ruining its quaint charm. The Allan Thompson Walkway along the water side of Main Street was completely rebuilt. In the summer of 2004, a series of "Friday Nights on Main Street" community parties was inaugurated. Main Street was closed to automobile traffic on Friday nights during the summer and the restaurants created special menus for the occasion. Tables in the street in front of each restaurant added to the festivities. As of 2017, the festival continues.

In November 2006, a commissioned fountain with a nautically themed sculpture titled "Coming About" at the entrance to Main Street was formally dedicated. The $250,000 material cost of the sculpture was donated by the Zelinsky family, longtime owners of many commercial properties in Tiburon. The sculpture was designed by Jeffery Reed and Jennifer Madden, who donated 6000 hours to its creation.

Development
Controversies surrounding development are significant public policy issues facing the town; this condition has endured for at least three decades.

At the lowest level, any new construction or exterior renovation, commercial or residential, must be approved by the design review board, which often applies stringent criteria to avoid "eyesores" and preserve neighbors' views.

More significantly, there remain several large tracts of undeveloped land, virtually all of which have owners who desire to build multiple residences on these properties. Many of these properties, while located on the Tiburon Peninsula, are outside of town boundaries. However, under a LAFCO policy, any urbanization of these lands would result in their being annexed by the town since it is the town that would provide needed services. Hence, it is the town planning commission and ultimately the town council that determines the extent that these lands can be developed. Major tracts of land currently in various stages of planning or permitting include the Martha Property, Easton Point and Tiburon Glen. The permitting processes in all cases are lengthy and contentious, pitting developers against active and organized residents seeking to preserve the open space and quasi-rural character of the area and avoid the kind of traffic seen by other Bay Area communities. Particularly active in opposing development is the Tiburon Last Chance Committee. No development has yet begun on any of these open tracts.

The Martha Co. property and Easton Point, the largest of the undeveloped lands, are particularly contested issues, with court battles dating back to 1975. Historically the Ring Mountain property was an area of contest, especially due to the high biodiversity and presence of rare and endangered species, such as the mariposa lily.

In 2002, residents in a referendum narrowly defeated a proposed rule that would have prohibited much of the development on open tracts of land by, among other things, banning development near ridgelines. Among the arguments against this proposal were that it would subject the town to costly lawsuits by developers claiming their economic rights had been unjustly impaired.

A 2006 controversy concerned the expansion plans of the Kol Shofar Synagogue. These were opposed by a number of neighbors, principally over the size of a new multi-purpose room, and the traffic and noise impact of a proposed 27 additional events with up to 250 persons. The Tiburon Planning Commission in the summer of 2006 rejected the expansion plans, claiming that Kol Shofar refused to engage in compromise discussions. This brought the issue to the Tiburon Town Council. In October 2006, the dispute took on broader significance when Kol Shofar proponents raised issues of religious freedom. Specifically, they claimed that the federal Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), which prohibits "substantial burdens" on the exercise of religion by government regulations, would be violated if the Town prohibited their expansion plans. The synagogue retained The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, which threatened litigation (depending on the outcome). The Tiburon City Council tried to resolve the issue late in the 2006 by permitting a somewhat reduced expansion with restrictions on event sizes and hours and provisions to mitigate the parking, noise and traffic impacts. However, in March 2007, a group of neighbors sued both the town and the synagogue, alleging environmental and land-use violations. In 2008, a Marin Superior Court judge ruled in favor of the expansion, and the Coalition filed an appeal with the 1st District Court of Appeal. The appeal was ultimately dropped later that same year, and Kol Shofar was able to proceed, agreeing not to seek repayment of court costs. Kol Shofar's new space opened on August 29, 2010.

Geography and climate
Tiburon is located at 37.87361°N, -122.45667°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 13.2 sqmi. 4.4 sqmi of it is land and 8.7 sqmi of it (66.27%) is water, much in the form of Richardson Bay.

The serpentine soils of Ring Mountain and the Tiburon hills are host to a unique plant community, including several endemic or near-endemic species, notably, the Tiburon mariposa lily, the Tiburon indian paintbrush, and the Tiburon jewelflower, as well as a number of other rare and endangered species Ring Mountain is also a significant location of Native American prehistoric sites, notably rock carvings.

Demographics
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2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Tiburon had a population of 8,962. The population density was 679.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Tiburon was 7,899 (88.1%) White, 83 (0.9%) African American, 16 (0.2%) Native American, 505 (5.6%) Asian, 8 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 80 (0.9%) from other races, and 371 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 410 persons (4.6%).

The Census reported that 8,924 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 6 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 32 (0.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,729 households, out of which 1,160 (31.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,116 (56.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 280 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 86 (2.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 157 (4.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 20 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,029 households (27.6%) were made up of individuals, and 528 (14.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39. There were 2,482 families (66.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.94.

The population was spread out, with 2,150 people (24.0%) under the age of 18, 295 people (3.3%) aged 18 to 24, 1,582 people (17.7%) aged 25 to 44, 3,037 people (33.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,898 people (21.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

There were 4,025 housing units at an average density of 305.3 /sqmi, of which 2,530 (67.8%) were owner-occupied, and 1,199 (32.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.0%. 6,406 people (71.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,518 people (28.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the year 2000 census, there were 8,666 people, 3,712 households, and 2,409 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,914.9 PD/sqmi. There were 3,893 housing units at an average density of 860.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 84.9% non-Hispanic White, 0.9% non-Hispanic African American, 0.1% Native American, 5.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.6% of the population.

There were 3,712 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 2.8% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 34.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $106,611, and the median income for a family was $149,041. Males had a median income of $100,000+ versus $60,773 for females. The per capita income for the town was $85,966. About 1.6% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.

Belvedere / Tiburon was ranked by Forbes magazine as among the 20 most expensive real-estate markets in the United States. It ranked 18th.

Economy
Tiburon features numerous small boutiques and restaurants, catering to local residents and tourists. Most of the town's restaurants are located on or near Main Street, near the Tiburon Ferry Terminal. Besides the boat to the San Francisco Ferry Building, the Angel Island-Tiburon Ferry provides daily service to nearby Angel Island.

In 2004, Tiburon became the first city in the world to eliminate trans-fats from all its restaurants.

There is a small shopping center named The Boardwalk downtown, and another, The Cove, in the Bel Aire neighborhood.

One weekly newspaper is published in the town titled The Ark, since 1973, which covers local news and events. It has been named a national General Excellence winner among small weekly newspapers in the U.S. by the National Newspaper Association each year 2014-2019 and again in 2022. It also has been named a state General Excellence winner among small weekly newspapers by the California News Publishers Association in 2014 and each year 2018-2021.

Federal and state
In the United States House of Representatives, Tiburon is in. From 2008 to 2012, Huffman represented Marin County in the California State Assembly.

In the California State Legislature, Tiburon is in:

Tiburon has a council–manager government. The five members of the Tiburon Town Council are elected for staggered four-year terms. The council elects one of its members to be mayor and rotates the position each year in December.

Politics
According to the California secretary of state, as of February 10, 2019, Tiburon has 6,295 registered voters. Of those, 2,974 (47.2%) are registered Democrats, 1,203 (19.1%) are registered Republicans, and 1,879 (29.8%) have declined to state a political party.

Schools
Tiburon, Belvedere, and a part of Corte Madera are in the Reed Union School District. The district has three schools, all located in Tiburon: Reed Elementary (grades K–2); Bel Aire Elementary (grades 3–5); and Del Mar Middle School (grades 6–8). All three have been recognized as "California Distinguished Schools" by the state department of education. St. Hilary School, a Catholic primary school for children in grades K–8, is also located in Tiburon and serves students from Belvedere, Tiburon, Strawberry, Sausalito, Marin City, Mill Valley and other communities. St. Hilary School is an "Apple Distinguished School."

All three of Tiburon's public schools have gone or are undergoing substantial renovation and expansion. Reed completed reconstruction in 2004, and both Bel Aire and Del Mar completed reconstruction in 2006.

Tiburon is in the Reed Union School District and the Marin Community College District. Tiburon graduates attended Tamalpais High School in Mill Valley from 1908, when Tam opened, until 1958, when Redwood High School opened in Larkspur, with Reed Union School District in its attendance area.

Public libraries
The Belvedere-Tiburon Library is located in Tiburon. Established in 1895 by the Temple Library Society of Tiburon, it has moved several times before settling in its current location in April 1997. The library began a $18.31 million expansion project in 2019 which completed in 2022, leading to a current size of 19,117 sq ft.

Natural hazards
In 2006, Tiburon launched the Get Ready 94920 program, which seeks to make Tiburon the first city in the United States to train 100% of its citizens in disaster preparedness. In 2014, Tiburon announced that they would be putting up tsunami warning signs down by some public coastal areas, though they were never installed. In 2011, the tsunami from Japan hit the coast of Richardson Bay, and waves as high as 7 ft were observed.

Notable people

 * John W. Bowen (1910–1977), U.S. Army lieutenant general
 * Businesswoman Jan Brandt owns a home in Tiburon.
 * Actor Clint Eastwood (born 1930) and actress Sondra Locke (1944–2018) lived there in the mid-1970s.
 * Geneticist Charles Epstein (1933–2011) died in Tiburon.
 * Actor Paul Frees (1920–1986) lived there until his death.
 * Radio host Michael Savage (born 1942) resides in Tiburon and hosts The Savage Nation from his house.
 * Film director Henry Selick (born 1952) resides in Tiburon.
 * Screenwriter Stirling Silliphant (1918–1996) resided in Tiburon until 1988.
 * Musician Lars Ulrich, drummer for Metallica, (born 1963) lived there for a period until 2019.
 * Actor Robin Williams (1951–2014) lived there in his youth and moved back several years before his death.
 * Former San Francisco Giants baseball player Barry Bonds (born 1964) resides in Tiburon.
 * Skier Jonny Moseley (born 1975) has lived in Tiburon since 1978.
 * Novelist Isabel Allende (born 1942) resides in Tiburon.
 * Actress Shoshana Bush (born 1988) is a Tiburon native.

In popular culture

 * Singer Van Morrison's album Keep Me Singing (2016) features a track called "In Tiburon".
 * Tiburon is the setting for the animated children's series Kenny the Shark.
 * Rowan Mayfair in Anne Rice’s book The Witching Hour lives in the Tiburon area.
 * Train song Half Moon Bay contains "Up in Tiburon where the girls are warm, We stay inside while the rain clouds form, And thank God for rainy days like these"

title: Tiburon, California


text:
Tomales, California

Tomales is a census-designated place (CDP) on State Route 1 in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 187 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Tomales is located above Keys Creek, about 3 mi northeast of Tomales Bay. The nearest city is Petaluma, 16 mi to the east by road, and the nearest large city is San Francisco, about 75 minutes (58 mi) to the south.

The CDP has a total area of 0.33 sqmi, all of it land.

History
When Europeans first reached Tomales Bay, it was home to Coast Miwok people. Numerous authenticated Miwok villages are known from this area, including one (named Utumia) sited near the present-day town of Tomales.

The "Tomalles" post office opened in 1854, and changed its spelling to "Tomales" before 1879.

Starting in the 1870s, Tomales was a stop on the North Pacific Coast Railroad connecting Cazadero to the Sausalito ferry.

Built near the San Andreas Fault, Tomales was affected by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. One of the town's two cemeteries predates the earthquake, and the damage to the pre-1906 plots shows just how widespread the quake's effects were.

2010
At the 2010 census Tomales had a population of 204. The population density was 614.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.6% White, 1.5% Native American, 2.0% Asian, and 2.0% from two or more races. 4.4% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The census reported that 100% of the population lived in households.

There were 99 households, 13 (13.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 47 (47.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 9 (9.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2 (2.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 10 (10.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (1.0%) same-sex married couple or partnership. 32 households (32.3%) were one person and 6 (6.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.06. There were 58 families (58.6% of households); the average family size was 2.55.

The age distribution was 22 people (10.8%) under the age of 18, 12 people (5.9%) aged 18 to 24, 43 people (21.1%) aged 25 to 44, 93 people (45.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 34 people (16.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 50.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.2 males.

There were 122 housing units at an average density of 367.7 /sqmi, of which 59.6% were owner-occupied and 40.4% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.0%. 61.8% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 38.2% lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 210 people, 73 households, and 41 families in the CDP. The population density was 670/sq mi (262/km$2$). There were 85 housing units at an average density of 271 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP in 2010 was 90.2% non-Hispanic White, 1.5% Native American, 2.0% Asian, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.4%.

Of the 73 households 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 28.8% of households were one person and 6.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.10.

The age distribution was 22.4% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 41.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% 65 or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.

The median household income was $51,953 and the median family income was $52,708. Males had a median income of $41,607 versus $46,389 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,609. None of the families and 14.3% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 14.3% of those over 64.

Education
Shoreline Unified School District operates Tomales Elementary School and Tomales High School. The high school is the largest employer in Tomales and has a student body of approximately 190 from northwest Marin County and southwest Sonoma County.

In popular culture
Much of the 2001 movie Bandits was filmed in and around Tomales, as were the opening shots of Mumford (1999), and parts of Scream (1996), and Village of the Damned (1995).

title: Tomales, California


text:
Woodacre, California

Woodacre is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California, United States. The population was 1,410 at the 2020 census.

Geography
The community is located at 38.01278°N, -122.64528°W in the eastern half of the San Geronimo Valley of central Marin County. San Geronimo and Lagunitas-Forest Knolls are to its west. Woodacre is located 8 mi south-southwest of Novato, and 8 miles northwest of San Rafael; the nearest incorporated town is Fairfax, 4 mi east-southeast. At 364 ft, Woodacre has the highest base elevation in Marin County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.8 sqmi, all of it land.

History
The community began when promoters subdivided the place in 1912. The first post office opened in 1925. In 1926 fire threatened the area and 35 of the 40 homes in Woodacre burned.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Woodacre had a population of 1,348. The population density was 750.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Woodacre was 1,231 (91.3%) White, 3 (0.2%) African American, 4 (0.3%) Native American, 27 (2.0%) Asian, 4 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 10 (0.7%) from other races, and 69 (5.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 77 persons (5.7%).

The Census reported that 100% of the population lived in households.

There were 595 households, of which 144 (24.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 279 (46.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 54 (9.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 25 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 49 (8.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 11 (1.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 163 households (27.4%) were made up of individuals, and 44 (7.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27. There were 358 families (60.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.72.

238 people (17.7%) were under the age of 18, 53 people (3.9%) aged 18 to 24, 262 people (19.4%) aged 25 to 44, 575 people (42.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 220 people (16.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.5 years. For every 100 females there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.

There were 639 housing units at an average density of 355.7 /sqmi, of which 74.6% were owner-occupied and 25.4% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.6%. 77.3% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 22.7% lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census, there were 1,393 people, 548 households and 381 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 763.6 PD/sqmi. There were 570 housing units at an average density of 312.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP inj 2010 was 88.0% non-Hispanic White, 0.2% non-Hispanic African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.7% of the population.

There were 548 households, of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.90.

23.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 38.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

The median household income was $62,917 and the median family income was $71,250. Males had a median income of $50,109 compared with $40,167 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,996. About 3.9% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education
Almost all of the community is in the Lagunitas Elementary School District while a small portion is in the Ross Valley Elementary School District. All of it is in the Tamalpais Union High School District.

Notable people

 * Harold Jones (born 1940), drummer with Tony Bennett and Count Basie Orchestra
 * Jack Kornfield (born 1945), founded Spirit Rock Meditation Center in Woodacre in 1987
 * Victor Moscoso (born 1936), known primarily for psychedelic posters and Zap Comix
 * Gage Taylor (1942–2000), artist known for his psychedelic-inspired landscapes
 * Robin Williams (1951–2014), actor; lived in Woodacre as a teenager
 * William Windom (1923–2012), actor; retired to Woodacre and died there in 2012
 * Clifford Geertz (1926-2006), cultural anthropologist; lived in Woodacre as a child and a teenager

title: Woodacre, California


text:
Bootjack, California

Bootjack is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Mariposa County, California, United States. The population was 661 at the 2020 census, down from 960 in 2010 and 1,588 in 2000, largely due to reductions in the area of the CDP.

Geography
Bootjack is located south of the center of Mariposa County at 37.465°N, -119.88667°W, at an elevation of 2238 ft in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. California State Route 49 passes through the community, leading west-northwest 4.5 mi to Mariposa, the county seat, and southeast 21 mi to Oakhurst.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.86 sqmi, of which 0.03 sqmi, or 0.80%, are water. In 2010 the CDP had an area of 7.1 sqmi, and in 2000 the area was 18.0 sqmi.

History
There are three current versions of how the town was named: firstly, that a fork in the road made a boot jack shape (basically, a "Y"); second, that a landmark tree at the place had a bootjack shape; and third, that after a horse thief's hanging at the place, a bootjack was used to remove his boots.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Bootjack had a population of 960. The population density was 135.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Bootjack was 811 (84.5%) White, 2 (0.2%) African American, 34 (3.5%) Native American, 11 (1.1%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 31 (3.2%) from other races, and 71 (7.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 76 persons (7.9%).

The Census reported that 960 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 393 households, out of which 101 (25.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 221 (56.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 26 (6.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 17 (4.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 24 (6.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 4 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 99 households (25.2%) were made up of individuals, and 49 (12.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44. There were 264 families (67.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.85.

The population was spread out, with 208 people (21.7%) under the age of 18, 59 people (6.1%) aged 18 to 24, 147 people (15.3%) aged 25 to 44, 347 people (36.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 199 people (20.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.

There were 451 housing units at an average density of 63.8 /sqmi, of which 285 (72.5%) were owner-occupied, and 108 (27.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.7%. 683 people (71.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 277 people (28.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,588 people, 636 households, and 471 families residing in the community. The population density was 88.2 PD/sqmi. There were 744 housing units at an average density of 41.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the community was 92.13% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 4.09% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 1.07% from other races, and 2.14% from two or more races. 4.47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 636 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $30,991, and the median income for a family was $33,092. Males had a median income of $39,145 versus $24,271 for females. The per capita income for the community was $14,771. About 8.2% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Bootjack is in, and.

In the United States House of Representatives, Bootjack is in.

title: Bootjack, California


text:
Mariposa, California

Mariposa (Spanish for "Butterfly") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Mariposa County, California, United States. The population was 1,526 at the 2020 census. The community is named after the flocks of monarch butterflies seen overwintering there by early explorers.

Geography
Mariposa is located at 37.485°N, -119.96639°W, at 1949 ft in elevation. It lies in the rugged foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Mariposa Creek flows through the town. Soils in the urban area are mostly brown to reddish brown loam of the Blasingame series. A gravelly loam is mapped as the Boomer series. These soils support thick grassland plus trees such as blue oak, black oak, gray pine, and ponderosa pine. To the west-northwest of town is a large area of sparse vegetation and rockland on which is found serpentine soil of the Henneke series.

California State Routes 49 and 140 cross in Mariposa, merging for 0.8 mi as the town's main street. Highway 49 leads southeast 27 mi to end at Oakhurst and northwest the same distance to Coulterville. Highway 140 leads southwest 36 mi to Merced in the San Joaquin Valley and northeast 42 mi to Yosemite Valley.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.04 sqmi, all but 0.07% of it land. The community lies in the valley of Mariposa Creek, which flows south and then southwest into the San Joaquin Valley.

Mariposa County includes much of Yosemite National Park, and a good deal of the local economy is related to the park and to tourism. The two-story county courthouse, constructed in 1854, is the oldest in continuous use west of the Rockies. Tours are available.

The county lies at the southern end of the Mother Lode, and outsiders were attracted to Mariposa by gold. During the 19th century California Gold Rush, its streams were panned and deep mines worked the underground veins. At one time John C. Frémont lived here and owned claims to much of the mineral wealth of Mariposa. He later was the first United States senator from the state, and the first Republican candidate for President.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Mariposa has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps) and wet winters.

History
The town was founded as a mining camp on the banks of a seasonal stream known as Agua Fría. This original town site was located about 6.0 mi to the west of present-day Mariposa. Prior to this, Southern Sierra Miwuk people resided in the area. After a flood during the winter of 1849/50, and fires, the town was moved to the location of today's Mariposa, although mainly due to better terrain and the presence of Mariposa creek, a large producer of placer gold. The gold in small Aqua Fria creek was soon removed, and lacked water most of the year. So the populace moved on to the new boomtown. The large Mariposa mine soon opened, with a 40-foot waterwheel crushing gold ore. This provided a stable source of employment, and Mariposa soon became the supply hub for hundreds of outlying mining districts. Placer gold, that which is found in creekbeds and alluvial deposits, was soon extinguished, and the era of hard rock, deep mining began. In 1851 the "new" town of Mariposa became the county seat of the county of Mariposa, which reached nearly to Los Angeles. By 1854 Mariposa had a grand courthouse which is still in operation. Some refer to lumber being cut from an area to the east of town known as "Logtown", but no maps or certifiable sources can attest to the existence of a place by that name. Most likely the lumber for the courthouse was milled in Midpines, where there was an unusual abundance of sugar pine trees.

John C. Frémont had a Spanish land grant that gave him ownership of most of the Mariposa mining district, but the possibility of securing his property was nearly impossible due to the huge influx of gold seekers, and little or no enforcement from the few law keepers available. In book #1 of Mariposa county records, originally filed in Aqua Fria, on Page 2, there is a claim known as the Spencer quartz mine and adjacent millsite. This claim was just hundreds of feet from Fremont's grant line, and its owners were Lafayette H. Bunnell and Champlain Spencer, who became rather wealthy from the placer gold in Whitlock and Sherlocks creek. They later erected a 40 ft waterwheel and steam mill, along with several arrastras. Bunnell later published a memoir of his time in Midpines and entry to the Yosemite Valley, which is still in print today - The Discovery of the Yosemite. Spencer has never been acknowledged as having named Half Dome, a prominent feature in Yosemite Valley. These educated gentlemen and adventurers eventually sold "Spencers Mill" to a French and English conglomerate for a tidy sum. All is quiet now on Spencers mill, but much evidence of a series of mills and the arrastras remain.

The US Army built the Mariposa Auxiliary Field (1942–1945) to train World War II pilots. After the war the airfield became the current Mariposa-Yosemite Airport.

On July 18, 2017, a fast-moving wildfire, the "Detwiler Fire", forced the evacuation of the entire town.

2010
At the 2010 census Mariposa had a population of 2,173. The population density was 168.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Mariposa was 1,895 (87.2%) White, 10 (0.5%) African American, 105 (4.8%) Native American, 30 (1.4%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 59 (2.7%) from other races, and 74 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 215 people (9.9%).

The census reported that 2,098 people (96.5% of the population) lived in households, 12 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 63 (2.9%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,013 households, 237 (23.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 365 (36.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 140 (13.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 40 (3.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 60 (5.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2 (0.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 413 households (40.8%) were one person and 235 (23.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.07. There were 545 families (53.8% of households); the average family size was 2.77.

The age distribution was 434 people (20.0%) under the age of 18, 130 people (6.0%) aged 18 to 24, 389 people (17.9%) aged 25 to 44, 631 people (29.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 589 people (27.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 49.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.

There were 1,143 housing units at an average density of 88.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 529 (52.2%) were owner-occupied and 484 (47.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%. 1,082 people (49.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,016 people (46.8%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 1,373 people, 676 households, and 327 families in the CDP. The population density was 426.4 PD/sqmi. There were 754 housing units at an average density of 234.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.8% White, 0.6% African American, 6.3% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 1.8% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8%.

Of the 676 households 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.4% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.5% were non-families. 47.6% of households were one person and 27.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.77.

The age distribution was 20.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 27.0% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.7 males.

The median household income was $18,144 and the median family income was $27,344. Males had a median income of $26,771 versus $26,635 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,436. About 28.0% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.5% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government representation
In the California State Legislature, Mariposa is in, and in. The County is administered by its elected five member County Board of Supervisors.

In the United States House of Representatives, Mariposa is in.

Policing and public safety
The policing agency for the county is the Mariposa County Sheriff and staff. Fire protection and emergency medical aid is provided by the Mariposa County Fire Department.

Notable residents
Some living past and present notable residents in alphabetical order include:
 * John C. Fremont, first U.S senator from California, first Republican candidate for president and explorer of the West with Kit Carson
 * Jon Leicester, baseball pitcher for the Orix Buffaloes, born in Mariposa
 * Sal Maccarone, international author and sculptor
 * Logan Mankins, guard for New England Patriots football team
 * Frederick Law Olmsted, landscape architect
 * George Radanovich, politician and author
 * Jacoby Shaddix, founding member of rock band Papa Roach, songwriter, and host of MTV Show Scarred
 * Paul Vasquez, resident of Mariposa who became famous for filming his ecstatic 2010 viral video Double Rainbow
 * Cody Wichmann, offensive guard for Los Angeles Rams football team

title: Mariposa, California


text:
Yosemite Valley, California

Yosemite Valley (Yosemite, Miwok for "killer") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mariposa County, California, United States. It consists of the developed area of Yosemite Village and the other areas of the Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park. The population was 337 at the 2020 census.

Situated along the north side of the valley floor, its permanent population includes staff of the National Park Service, which administers the park, and some concession workers associated with various contracts in the park.

The village has some public facilities, such as a fire station, a post office (ZIP Code 95389), a medical clinic, a convenience store, restaurants, gift shops, and a school (kindergarten through eighth grade). The park's headquarters facilities and its main visitor center are also located here.

The Yosemite Lodge is located at the west end of the village near Yosemite Falls. The Ahwahnee Hotel is a few blocks to the north. Both are operated by concessionaires under contract to the National Park Service. The architecture of Yosemite Village is characterized by shed style and makes extensive use of native woods. The earliest 20th-century buildings were designed by landscape architect Charles Punchard Jr., among others in the National Park Service.

A Miwok village called Hok-ok'-wi-dok (alternatively Hokokwito or Hococwedoc) was formerly located opposite the Yosemite falls, at the future site of the Hutchings Hotel in Yosemite Village. The first US post office opened in 1869, originally named "Yo Semite". The spelling was changed to "Yosemite" in 1908 and to "Yosemite National Park" in 1922. In 1906, Major H.C. Benson was commanded to build and garrison Fort Yosemite in the valley. US Army troops were stationed at Fort Yosemite until 1916, when the National Park Service was established to administer Yosemite and other national parks.

Curry Village is one of the lodging options in the area.

Geography
Yosemite Valley is located at 37.74333°N, -119.57583°W (37.743324, -119.575724).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 2.1 sqmi, of which 0.06 sqmi, or 2.88% are water. The Merced River flows westward through the center of the CDP.

Climate
Yosemite has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), meaning most precipitation falls during the mild winter, and the other seasons are nearly dry (less than three percent of precipitation falls during the long, hot summers). Because of orographic lift, precipitation increases with elevation up to 8000 ft where it slowly decreases to the crest. Precipitation amounts vary from 36 in at 4000 ft elevation to 50 in at 8600 ft. Snow does not typically persist on the ground until November in the high country. It accumulates all winter and into March or early April.

Mean daily temperatures range from 25 °F to 53 °F at Tuolumne Meadows at 8600 ft. At the Wawona Entrance (elevation 5130 ft), mean daily temperature ranges from 36 to 67 °F. At the lower elevations below 5000 ft, temperatures are hotter; the mean daily high temperature at Yosemite Valley (elevation 3966 ft) varies from 46 to 90 °F. At elevations above 8000 ft, the hot, dry summer temperatures are moderated by frequent summer thunderstorms, along with snow that can persist into July. The combination of dry vegetation, low relative humidity, and thunderstorms results in frequent lightning-caused fires as well.

At the park headquarters, with an elevation of 4018 ft, January averages 38.0 °F, while July averages 73.3 °F, though in summer the nights are much cooler than the hot days. There are an average of 45.5 days with highs of 90 °F or higher and an average of 105.6 nights with freezing temperatures. Freezing temperatures have been recorded in every month of the year. The record high temperature was 112 °F on July 22 and July 24, 1915, while the record low temperature was -7 °F on January 1, 2009. Average annual precipitation is nearly 37 in, falling on 67 days. The wettest year was 1983 with 66.06 in and the driest year was 1976 with 14.84 in. The most precipitation in one month was 29.61 in in December 1955 and the most in one day was 6.92 in on December 23, 1955. Average annual snowfall is 39.4 in. The snowiest winter was 1948–1949 with 176.5 in. The most snow in one month was 175.0 in in January 1993.

2010
At the 2010 census Yosemite Valley had a population of 1,035. The population density was 488.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Yosemite Valley was 831 (80.3%) White, 28 (2.7%) African American, 31 (3.0%) Native American, 31 (3.0%) Asian, 7 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 70 (6.8%) from other races, and 37 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 123 people (11.9%).

The census reported that 511 people (49.4% of the population) lived in households, 524 (50.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 282 households, 44 (15.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 74 (26.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6 (2.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 6 (2.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 21 (7.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 127 households (45.0%) were one person and 12 (4.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 1.81. There were 86 families (30.5% of households); the average family size was 2.84.

The age distribution was 81 people (7.8%) under the age of 18, 140 people (13.5%) aged 18 to 24, 413 people (39.9%) aged 25 to 44, 378 people (36.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 23 people (2.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 37.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 148.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 157.1 males.

There were 323 housing units at an average density of 152.3 per square mile, of the occupied units 2 (0.7%) were owner-occupied and 280 (99.3%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.8%. 3 people (0.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 508 people (49.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 265 people, 104 households, and 50 families residing in the community. The population density was 125.6 PD/sqmi. There were 123 housing units at an average density of 58.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the community was 87.92% White, 0.75% African American, 2.26% Native American, 1.13% Asian, 4.91% from other races, and 3.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.09%.

Of the 104 households, 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.0% were non-families. 44.2% of households were one person, and 1.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the community the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 50.9% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 1.9% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 173.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 178.9 males.

The median household income was $58,393 and the median family income was $61,750. Males had a median income of $48,542 versus $24,524 for females. The per capita income for the community was $28,414. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Yosemite Valley is in, and.

In the United States House of Representatives, Yosemite Valley is in.

title: Yosemite Valley, California


text:
Covelo, California

Covelo is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mendocino County, California, United States. Covelo is located 14 mi east-northeast of Laytonville, at an elevation of 1398 ft. The population was 1,394 at the 2020 census, up from 1,255 at the 2010 census. 405 acre of Covelo is part of the Round Valley Indian Reservation.

Geography
Covelo is located in northeastern Mendocino County at 39.79306°N, -123.24806°W. It is accessible via California State Route 162, which leads southwest 29 mi to U.S. Route 101 at Longvale. To the east, Mendocino Pass Road (becoming Alder Springs Road) leads 66 mi over the mountains of Mendocino National Forest to Elk Creek, for much of its length a gravel road.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Covelo CDP has a total area of 7.1 sqmi, 99.40% of it land and 0.60% of it water. Covelo and Round Valley are drained by Mill Creek, which flows east to the Middle Fork of the Eel River.

Covelo is the location of the Covelo American Viticultural Area.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Covelo has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csa on climate maps. Covelo also has a four-season climate, with the dry part of the year during summer and the rainy part in the winter. Winters are also mild in Covelo. Although snow often falls on the nearby mountains such as Anthony Peak in the winter, it rarely falls in the valley. Diurnal temperature variation is strong year round, albeit the most severe in summer. During winter, the variation still results in very frequent air frosts.

History
Covelo began in 1860, with the opening of the town's first store. The post office opened in 1870. Some sources claim that the town was named after a village in Switzerland. However, there is no village in Switzerland by that name. Covelo may be a misspelling of Covolo, a fort in Pederobba, Veneto, Italy, which is near Switzerland. Alternatively, it could be named after Covelo, a village in Galicia, Spain. There is also a COVELLO in Basilicato, Italy, in the South.

2010
At the 2010 census Covelo had a population of 1,255. The population density was 175.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Covelo was 611 (48.7%) White, 14 (1.1%) African American, 475 (37.8%) Native American, 10 (0.8%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 49 (3.9%) from other races, and 96 (7.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 163 people (13.0%).

The census reported that 1,247 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 8 (0.6%) were institutionalized.

There were 481 households, 148 (30.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 146 (30.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 81 (16.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 56 (11.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 70 (14.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 148 households (30.8%) were one person and 53 (11.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59. There were 283 families (58.8% of households); the average family size was 3.25.

The age distribution was 339 people (27.0%) under the age of 18, 105 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 320 people (25.5%) aged 25 to 44, 299 people (23.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 192 people (15.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 35.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.6 males.

There were 542 housing units at an average density of 75.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 314 (65.3%) were owner-occupied and 167 (34.7%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.4%. 791 people (63.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 456 people (36.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 1,175 people, 442 households, and 301 families in the CDP. The population density was 164.9 PD/sqmi. There were 512 housing units at an average density of 71.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 50.21% White, 0.85% Black or African American, 40.26% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.96% from other races, and 6.21% from two or more races. 8.09% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 442 households 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 26.0% of households were one person and 7.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.17.

The age distribution was 28.9% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.

The median household income was $27,639 and the median family income was $31,875. Males had a median income of $21,146 versus $17,014 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,628. About 17.1% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.4% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
In the state legislature, Covelo is in, and.

Federally, Covelo is in.

Education
Round Valley Elementary and Round Valley High School serve as the town's schools. There is also a charter school: Eel River Charter School.

Notable people

 * Michelle Lambert, pop singer
 * Thomas J. and Joseph M. Long, brothers who co-founded Longs Drugs Stores; born and raised in Covelo

title: Covelo, California