text:
Iosco County, Michigan

Iosco County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan; its eastern border is formed by Lake Huron. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,237. The county seat is Tawas City.

Etymology
Iosco has traditionally been said to be a Native American word meaning "water of light", but was actually coined as a pseudo-Native American name by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an American geographer and ethnologist who served as the U.S. Indian agent in Michigan in the late 19th century. He named several counties and towns during the state's formative years.

History

The county was created by the Michigan Legislature in 1840 as Kanotin County, and renamed Iosco County in 1843. It was administered by a succession of other Michigan counties before the organization of county government in 1857. A majority of the population was Ojibwe. The area offered shelter from tall white pines and food from the river and lake. Iosco County was cut from a piece of land ceded by the Ojibwe to the U.S. government. When the lumber boom hit, many more people moved to the area.

The 400-acre Alabaster Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is associated with an operating gypsum open-pit mine south of Tawas City. The large company town included internal rail lines for transportation and a tramway extending over Lake Huron on long piers for loading gypsum onto ships. Started in 1862, the mine supplied gypsum for temporary buildings constructed in Chicago at the World Columbian Exposition of 1893. Two companies continue to mine gypsum in Iosco County.

In 2009, Alabaster Township formed the nonprofit Alabaster Wind Power Development Corp. to conduct the necessary two-year studies of wind data at this site as a potential location for development of wind turbines. It proposed using 10 large tramway platforms that extend more than 6,000 feet into the lake to gauge winds. The turbines could be built on the tramways. At the time, the federal government was offering subsidies for such studies and development of alternative energy projects.

Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1890 sqmi, of which 549 sqmi is land and 1341 sqmi (71%) is water. It is considered part of Northern Michigan. In total, it covers about 6,361,837 acres.

Geographic features

 * Lumberman's Monument
 * Canoer's memorial
 * 60 Lakes Area - Located near Hale
 * Iargo Springs
 * Tawas Point Light House - First lit in 1853
 * Tawas Bay
 * Pine River – rises in Alcona County and flows into Iosco County, where it empties into Van Etten Lake at 44.49389°N, -83.38778°W northwest of Oscoda.
 * Au Sable River
 * Tuttle Marsh Wildlife Area
 * Van Etten Lake
 * Tawas Lake
 * Foote Dam Pond
 * Au Sable State Forest (partial) – the Grayling Fire Management Unit consists of Alcona, Crawford, and Oscoda Counties, and northern Iosco county.

Major highways

 * – known as the Sunrise Side Coastal Highway.
 * – one of three cross-peninsular state highways. It begins in Tawas City at the junction with US 23.
 * River Road National Scenic Byway – starts at M-65 and runs parallel with the Au Sable River for 23 mi eastward to US 23 in Oscoda, Michigan. It is a designated National Scenic Byway. It passes the Lumberman's Monument.
 * River Road National Scenic Byway – starts at M-65 and runs parallel with the Au Sable River for 23 mi eastward to US 23 in Oscoda, Michigan. It is a designated National Scenic Byway. It passes the Lumberman's Monument.
 * River Road National Scenic Byway – starts at M-65 and runs parallel with the Au Sable River for 23 mi eastward to US 23 in Oscoda, Michigan. It is a designated National Scenic Byway. It passes the Lumberman's Monument.

Adjacent counties
By land By water
 * Alcona County - north
 * Arenac County - southwest
 * Ogemaw County - west
 * Oscoda County - northwest
 * Huron County - southeast

National protected area

 * Huron National Forest (part)

Cities

 * East Tawas
 * Tawas City (county seat)
 * Whittemore

Charter townships

 * Au Sable Charter Township
 * Oscoda Charter Township

Civil townships

 * Alabaster Township
 * Baldwin Township
 * Burleigh Township
 * Grant Township
 * Plainfield Township
 * Reno Township
 * Sherman Township
 * Tawas Township
 * Wilber Township

Census-designated places

 * Au Sable
 * Oscoda
 * Sand Lake

Other unincorporated communities

 * Alabaster
 * Foote Site Village
 * Hale
 * Long Lake
 * National City
 * South Branch

Demographics
As of the 2000 United States census, there were 27,339 people, 11,727 households, and 7,857 families in the county. Most of the population is located on the shoreline along US-23,East Tawas, Tawas City, and Oscoda County. The population density was 50 /mi2. There were 20,432 housing units at an average density of 37 /mi2. By the 2020 census, its population was 25,237.

In 2000, the county's racial makeup was 96.92% White, 0.41% Black or African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. 0.98% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 23.2% were of German, 12.3% English, 10.6% Irish, 9.9% American, 8.3% Polish and 7.1% French ancestry. 97.4% spoke English and 1.0% Spanish as their first language.

There were 11,727 households, out of which 24.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.20% were married couples living together, 8.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.00% were non-families. 28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.79.

The county population included 22.40% under the age of 18, 5.40% from 18 to 24, 23.40% from 25 to 44, 27.30% from 45 to 64, and 21.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 96.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.60 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the county was $31,321, and the median income for a family was $37,452. Males had a median income of $30,338 versus $21,149 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,115. About 9.50% of families and 12.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.50% of those under age 18 and 7.60% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget, with limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Elected officials
Iosco County has been reliably Republican from the beginning. Since 1884, the Republican presidential nominee has carried the county in 27 of 35 elections.

County elected officials

 * Prosecuting Attorney: James Bacarella
 * Sheriff: Scott D. Frank
 * County Clerk: Nancy J. Huebel
 * County Treasurer: Cathy Anderson
 * Register of Deeds: Ericka Earl
 * Drain Commissioner: Fred Strauer

County commissioners
 * District 1: Robert Huebel III
 * District 2: Terry Dutcher
 * District 3: Charles Finley
 * District 4: John Moehring
 * District 5: Donald "Jay" O'Farrell

Education
Iosco County has four public school districts:
 * Hale Area Schools
 * Oscoda Area Schools
 * Tawas Area Schools
 * Whittemore-Prescott Area Schools

There are also three private elementary schools:
 * Emanuel Lutheran School (Tawas City)
 * Holy Family School (East Tawas)
 * Shady Grove School (Whittemore)

Alpena Community College offers college-level courses at its campus on the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda and local public school facilities.

Media

 * The Iosco County News-Herald is the newspaper of record for Iosco County.
 * The Oscoda Press is a weekly newspaper serving northern Iosco County and southern Alcona County.

title: Iosco County, Michigan


text:
Ionia County, Michigan

Ionia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 66,804. The county seat is Ionia. The Ionia County Courthouse was designed by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect.

Ionia County is part of the Grand Rapids-Kentwood metropolitan statistical area.

History
The county is named for Ionia, a historic area of Greece.

Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 580 sqmi, of which 571 sqmi is land and 8.7 sqmi (1.5%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Gratiot County – northeast
 * Montcalm County – north
 * Clinton County – east
 * Kent County – west
 * Eaton County – southeast
 * Barry County – southwest

Major highways

 * is an east–west freeway running through the heart of Ionia County. The freeway can be used to access Grand Rapids, to the west, and Lansing and Detroit, to the east.
 * is an east–west highway that runs north of I-96. The highway runs through the city of Ionia.
 * is an east–west highway that runs in the northwest of Ionia County, including access to Belding.
 * is a highway in the southwest of Ionia County, following a largely east–west route. The highway runs through Lake Odessa.
 * is the primary north–south thoroughfare in Ionia County. Running through the center of the county, the highway also passes through downtown Ionia. M-66 is one of Michigan's longest state trunkline highways, running from the Indiana border near Sturgis to Charlevoix, on Lake Michigan.
 * is a highway in the northwest of Ionia County, beginning at M-44 near Belding and running north toward Greenville.
 * is a former US Route that travelled east–west in Ionia County, along what is today known as Grand River Avenue. The highway was replaced by I-96 in 1962.

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 61,518 people, 20,606 households, and 15,145 families residing in the county. The population density was 107 PD/sqmi. There were 22,006 housing units at an average density of 38 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 91.96% White, 4.56% Black or African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.04% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. 2.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 29.0% were of German, 14.7% American, 11.6% English, 8.9% Irish and 5.3% Dutch ancestry. 96.3% spoke English and 2.6% Spanish as their first language.

There were 20,606 households, out of which 38.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.70% were married couples living together, 10.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.50% were non-families. 21.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.15.

The county's population spread included 26.90% under the age of 18, 11.50% from 18 to 24, 31.00% from 25 to 44, 20.50% from 45 to 64, and 10.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $43,074, and the median income for a family was $49,797. Males had a median income of $36,995 versus $25,443 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,451. About 6.80% of families and 8.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.40% of those under age 18 and 8.10% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Ionia County has been reliably Republican from the beginning. Since 1884, the Republican Party nominee has carried the county vote in 82% of the elections (29 of 35 elections).

The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Elected officials

 * Prosecuting attorney: Kyle B. Butler
 * Sheriff: Charlie Noll
 * County clerk: Greg Geiger
 * County treasurer: Judith Clark
 * Register of deeds: Rhonda Lake
 * Drain commissioner: Robert Rose
 * County Commissioner District 1: David Hodges
 * County Commissioner District 2: Larry Tiejema
 * County Commissioner District 3: Karen Banks
 * County Commissioner District 4: Ally Cook
 * County Commissioner District 5: Scott Wirtz
 * County Commissioner District 6: Jack Shattuck
 * County Commissioner District 7: Georgia Sharp

(information )

Education
Public school districts serving Ionia County include:

 * Belding Area Schools
 * Carson City-Crystal Area Schools
 * Central Montcalm Public Schools
 * Grand Ledge Public Schools
 * Greenville Public Schools
 * Ionia Public Schools
 * Lakewood Public Schools
 * Lowell Area Schools
 * Pewamo-Westphalia Community Schools
 * Portland Public Schools
 * Saranac Community Schools
 * Thornapple Kellogg Schools

Cities

 * Belding
 * Ionia (county seat)
 * Portland

Villages

 * Clarksville
 * Hubbardston (part)
 * Lake Odessa
 * Lyons
 * Muir
 * Pewamo
 * Saranac

Townships

 * Berlin Township
 * Boston Township
 * Campbell Township
 * Danby Township
 * Easton Township
 * Ionia Township
 * Keene Township
 * Lyons Township
 * North Plains Township
 * Odessa Township
 * Orange Township
 * Orleans Township
 * Otisco Township
 * Portland Township
 * Ronald Township
 * Sebewa Township

Unincorporated communities

 * Berlin Center
 * Collins
 * Cooks Corners
 * Dildine
 * Elmdale
 * Matherton
 * Orleans
 * Palo
 * Sebewa
 * Shiloh
 * Smyrna

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ionia County, Michigan


text:
Ingham County, Michigan

Ingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 284,900. The county seat is Mason. Lansing, the state capital of Michigan, is largely located within the county. Lansing is the only state capital in the United States located in a county of which it is not also the seat of government. The county is home to Michigan State University, Lansing Community College, and the Class A minor league baseball team Lansing Lugnuts. Ingham County is included in the Lansing–East Lansing, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is considered to be a part of Mid Michigan.

History
Ingham County was established by an act of the Michigan Territorial Legislature on October 29, 1829, from portions of Shiawassee County, Washtenaw County and unorganized territory. It was attached for administrative purposes to Washtenaw County until 1838 when county government was established for Ingham.

The county was named for Samuel D. Ingham, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under President Andrew Jackson, making Ingham one of Michigan's so-called Cabinet counties.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 561 sqmi, of which 556 sqmi is land and 4.6 sqmi (0.8%) is water.

The county consists of gently rolling hills with an elevation ranging between 800 and 1,000 feet above sea level. The highest point in the county is the top of Teaspoon Hill rising to a height of 1,056 feet above sea level 1.5 miles north of Leslie.

The Grand River winds northward along the western boundary of the county and the Red Cedar River flows west across the northern section into the Grand River in Lansing. Most of the midsection of the county drains to the north into the Red Cedar River and the northern tier of townships drain to the south into the Cedar. The Sycamore Creek, flowing northwest into the Red Cedar in Lansing, drains much of the midsection of the county. Most of the southern portion of the county drains south or west into the Grand River. The southeastern corner drains to the southeast into the Huron River via the Portage Creek and Portage River and a series of small lakes.

Adjacent counties

 * Shiawassee County (northeast)
 * Livingston County (east)
 * Washtenaw County (southeast)
 * Jackson County (south)
 * Eaton County (west)
 * Clinton County (north)

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 280,895 people, 111,162 households, and 62,674 families residing in the county. The population density was 502.3 PD/sqmi. There were 121,281 housing units at an average density of 216.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 76.2% White, 11.8% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 5.2% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.3% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. 7.83% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

According to the 2007–2010 American Community Survey 22.8% were of German, 13.2% Irish, 12.5% English and 5.6% Polish ancestry. 88.2% spoke only English, while 3.9% spoke Asian languages and 3.8% Spanish at home.

As of the 2000 Census, there were 108,593 households, out of which 29.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.00% were married couples living together, 12.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.30% were non-families. 30.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, 23.40% of the population was under the age of 18, 18.50% was from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 20.10% from 45 to 64, and 9.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,774, and the median income for a family was $53,063. Males had a median income of $40,335 versus $30,178 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,079. About 8.30% of families and 14.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 6.60% of those age 65 or over.

Government
For most of the 20th century, Ingham County was rather conservative for an urban county. From 1900 to 1988, it voted Republican all but three times, in the national Democratic landslides of 1932, 1936 and 1964.

However, the Republican edge narrowed in the 1980s, and the county has gone Democratic at every election since 1992. In recent years, only Wayne County has been more Democratic.

The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, keeps files of deeds and mortgages, maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The 14-member county board of commissioners controls the budget, but has only limited authority to make laws or ordinances due to Michigan's large devolution of local power to cities, villages, and townships. The county board of commissioners also hires a county administrator/controller who serves as the chief fiscal and administrative officer of the county.

Elected officials

 * Prosecuting Attorney: John Dewane (D)
 * Sheriff: Scott Wriggelsworth (D)
 * County Clerk: Barb Byrum (D)
 * Register of Deeds: Derrick Quinney (D)
 * County Treasurer: Alan Fox (D)
 * Drain Commissioner: Patrick Lindemann (D)

County Board of Commissioners
15 members, elected from districts (12 Democrats, 3 Republicans)

55th Judicial District Court
2 judges (non-partisan)
 * Judge Donald Allen, Jr.
 * Judge Richard Hillman

30th Judicial Circuit Court
9 judges (non-partisan)
 * General Trial Division
 * Judge Joyce Draganchuk, Chief Circuit Judge
 * Judge Rosemarie Aquilina
 * Judge James Jamo
 * Judge Wanda Stokes
 * Family Division
 * Judge Lisa McCormick, Presiding Judge
 * Judge Shauna Dunnings, Chief Circuit & Probate Judge Pro Tempore
 * Judge Richard Garcia, Judge of Probate
 * Judge Carol Koenig
 * Judge Morgan E. Cole

Air service

 * Ingham County is served by Lansing Capital Region International Airport and Mason Jewett Field.

Rail service

 * Amtrak
 * Canadian National Railway
 * CSX Transportation
 * Jackson & Lansing Railroad

Bus service

 * Capital Area Transportation Authority (CATA)
 * Greyhound Lines
 * Indian Trails

Recreational

 * Lansing River Trail

Cities

 * East Lansing (part)
 * Lansing (part)
 * Leslie
 * Mason (county seat)
 * Williamston

Villages

 * Dansville
 * Stockbridge
 * Webberville

Charter townships

 * Delhi Charter Township
 * Lansing Charter Township
 * Meridian Charter Township

Civil townships

 * Alaiedon Township
 * Aurelius Township
 * Bunker Hill Township
 * Ingham Township
 * Leroy Township
 * Leslie Township
 * Locke Township
 * Onondaga Township
 * Stockbridge Township
 * Vevay Township
 * Wheatfield Township
 * White Oak Township
 * Williamstown Township

Former townships

 * Brutus Township, Michigan

Census-designated places

 * Edgemont Park
 * Haslett
 * Holt
 * Okemos

Other unincorporated communities

 * Columbia
 * Fitchburg
 * Onondaga

Education

 * School districts include:
 * Dansville Schools
 * East Lansing School District
 * Eaton Rapids Public Schools
 * Fowlerville Community Schools
 * Haslett Public Schools
 * Holt Public Schools
 * Lansing Public School District
 * Leslie Public Schools
 * Mason Public Schools
 * Morrice Area Schools
 * Northwest School District
 * Okemos Public Schools
 * Perry Public School District
 * Springport Public Schools
 * Stockbridge Community Schools
 * Waverly Community Schools
 * Webberville Community Schools
 * Williamston Community Schools

The Michigan School for the Blind, a state-operated school, was formerly in Lansing.

Michigan State University is in the county.

title: Ingham County, Michigan


text:
Huron County, Michigan

Huron County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 31,407. The county seat is Bad Axe. Huron County is at the northern tip of the Thumb, which is a sub region of Mid Michigan. It is a peninsula, bordered by Saginaw Bay to the west and Lake Huron to the north and east, and has over 90 mi of shoreline, from White Rock on Lake Huron to Sebewaing on the Saginaw Bay. Huron County's most prominent industry is agriculture, as with most of the other Thumb counties. Huron County enjoys seasonal tourism from large cities such as Detroit, Flint, and Saginaw. Much of the tourism is in the Port Austin and Caseville area.

History
Huron County was originally attached to neighboring Sanilac and Tuscola counties. It was created by Michigan law on April 1, 1840, and was fully organized by an Act of Legislature on January 25, 1859. Sand Beach (now Harbor Beach) was the county seat until 1865, when the court house burned, destroying most of its records. The county seat was moved to Port Austin and remained there until 1873, when the county's Board of Supervisors designated Bad Axe as the county seat.

The name Huron was derived from the word "hures" as used in the phrase "În elles hures" (what heads) as applied by an astonished French traveler to the Wyandotte (Huron) Indians on beholding their mode of dressing the hair. During 1649 and the Beaver Wars of the mid-17th century, the Iroquois from the areas of New York and Pennsylvania drove out the Wyandotte, in order to control the fur trade.

In the 17th and early 18th century in this region, the Thumb of Michigan, the Wyandotte suffix "onti" or "ondi" was used in place names such as Skenchioetontius and E. Kandechiondius. "Onti" means to "jut out". The name Wyandotte, Huron descendants, was said to mean "dwellers of the peninsula". A headland or peninsula in Onondaga, an Iroquoian language, is "onoentoto".

In the early 18th century, the Thumb of Michigan was said to have the best beaver hunting in America. The Detroit region was called Tio-sahr-ondion, "where it is beaver dams athwart many". This was near Skenchioe [now Huron and Sanilac counties].

About 1700, French maps indicated the region of Saginaw and the Thumb of Michigan as "Chasse des caster des amis de François", "the beaver hunting grounds of the friends of Francis."

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2137 sqmi, of which 836 sqmi is land and 1301 sqmi (61%) is water.

Huron county is heavily agricultural. The county is generally flat, with some rolling hills.

Adjacent counties
By land By water
 * Sanilac County (southeast)
 * Tuscola County (southwest)

 * Arenac County (northwest)
 * Iosco County (northwest)

Highways

 * - runs north and south through the southern half of the county
 * - runs along the outer edge of the county, along the shore of Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay
 * - runs north and south through the central part of the county
 * - runs east and west through the central part of the county

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census indicates Huron County had a 2010 population of 33,118. This decrease of -2,961 people from the 2000 United States Census represents an 8.2% decrease. In 2010 there were 14,348 households and 9,328 families in the county. The population density was 39.6 /mi2. There were 21,199 housing units at an average density of 25.4 /mi2. 97.5% of the population were White, 0.4% Asian, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% of some other race and 0.9% of two or more races. 2.0% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 41.1% were of German, 15.9% Polish, 6.8% Irish, 6.1% English and 6.0% American ancestry.

There were 14,348 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were husband and wife families, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.0% were non-families, and 30.7% were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The 2010 American Community Survey 3-year estimate indicates the median income for a household in the county was $38,789 and the median income for a family was $46,533. Males had a median income of $26,688 versus $15,198 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,342. About 1.4% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.7% of those under the age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

 * The United Methodist Church is strong in the Thumb region.
 * The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saginaw is the controlling regional body for the Catholic Church.
 * All Episcopal parishes are members of the Episcopal Diocese of Eastern Michigan
 * The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has one meetinghouse in Huron County.

Government
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Elected officials

 * Prosecuting Attorney: Timothy J. Rutkowski
 * Sheriff: Kelly J. Hanson
 * County Clerk: Lori S. Neal
 * County Treasurer: Deb McCollum
 * Register of Deeds: Sarah Durr
 * Circuit Court Judge: Hon. M. Gerald M. Prill
 * Probate Court Judge: Hon. David L. Clabuesch
 * District Court Judge: Hon. David B. Herrington
 * Commissioner Dist 1: Sami Khoury (R)
 * Commissioner Dist 2: Michael Meissner (R)
 * Commissioner Dist 3: Todd Talaski (R)
 * Commissioner Dist 4: Steve Vaughan (R)
 * Commissioner Dist 5: John L. Bodis (R)
 * Commissioner Dist 6: Joe Murphy (R)
 * Commissioner Dist 7: Mary Ellen Babcock (R)

as of 2018

Politics
Huron County voters have generally supported Republican Party candidates. Since 1884, they have selected the Republican Party nominee in 79% of national elections (27 of 34). In 2016, Donald Trump carried the county by the largest margin in 32 years.

Parks and recreation
Tourism is important to Huron County with bay front and lakefront towns such as Sebewaing, Caseville, Port Austin, Port Hope, and Harbor Beach, attracting tourists from all over. Huron County borders the Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron. There are two state parks – Sleeper State Park and Port Crescent State Park – and three roadside parks – Jenks Park, Brown Park, and White Rock Park. Huron County also maintains eight county parks along the shoreline – Caseville Park, Lighthouse Park, Stafford Park, McGraw Park, Philp Park, Wagener Park, Oak Beach Park, and Sebewaing Park.

Cities

 * Bad Axe (county seat)
 * Caseville
 * Harbor Beach

Villages

 * Elkton
 * Kinde
 * Owendale
 * Pigeon
 * Port Austin
 * Port Hope
 * Sebewaing
 * Ubly

Civil townships

 * Bingham Township
 * Bloomfield Township
 * Brookfield Township
 * Caseville Township
 * Chandler Township
 * Colfax Township
 * Dwight Township
 * Fairhaven Township
 * Gore Township
 * Grant Township
 * Hume Township
 * Huron Township
 * Lake Township
 * Lincoln Township
 * McKinley Township
 * Meade Township
 * Oliver Township
 * Paris Township
 * Pointe Aux Barques Township
 * Port Austin Township
 * Rubicon Township
 * Sand Beach Township
 * Sebewaing Township
 * Sheridan Township
 * Sherman Township
 * Sigel Township
 * Verona Township
 * Winsor Township

Census-designated place

 * Bay Port

Other unincorporated communities

 * Bach
 * Berne
 * Cracow
 * Filion
 * Glencoe
 * Grindstone City
 * Helena
 * Huron City
 * Ivanhoe
 * Kilmanagh
 * Lewisville
 * Linkville
 * Parisville
 * Pawlowski
 * Pinnebog
 * Pointe aux Barques
 * Popple
 * Rapson
 * Redman
 * Rose Island
 * Ruth
 * Valley Island
 * Verona
 * Weale
 * White Rock

title: Huron County, Michigan


text:
Talk:Utah

No longer a majority
This is not a surprise to LDS evangelists: https://ldschurchgrowth.blogspot.com/2023/12/response-to-mormons-are-no-longer.html tgeorgescu (talk) 02:40, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

 * It doesn't appear as if this is a reliable enough source for changing information here. Please see Reliable sources for more on the quality and notability of sources on Wikipedia. Jwilli39 (talk) 20:05, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Yup, not saying that it is WP:RS, just that it is not a particularly new insight. tgeorgescu (talk) 12:30, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

New Flag
Utah has adopted a new flag recently. Please change it. 78.191.62.233 (talk) 14:40, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

 * It will be updated when it becomes the new state flag in March 2024. Jwilli39 (talk) 20:01, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
 * The new flag is currently being appealed, and the old flag is still an official state symbol. Please put the picture of the old flag back on the page somewhere. 2601:681:8A00:E6C0:5C79:49FC:EDA9:7195 (talk) 16:12, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Is there any evidence of this being the case? I haven't been able to find anything relating to the new beehive flag being appealed. Jwilli39 (talk) 04:19, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * New Utah flag sees mix of public opinion in Deseret News poll – Deseret News (https://www.deseret.com/utah/2023/11/1/23938587/new-utah-flag-sees-mix-of-public-opinion-in-deseret-news-poll/) - It has not gained sufficient support yet, nor is it clear that it will in the future, but there is an effort. I at least think that there should be a section, possibly on State History or State Symbols (such as state flower, state bird, etc.) where the flag can have its picture. 2601:681:8A00:E6C0:800A:22F0:C167:AFC3 (talk) 19:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * There were attempts to repeal the new flag, but the bill that would have done so failed to advance out of committee. In regards to the referendum attempt, only 99,125 signatures were gathered (of the approx. 134,000 required), and of that only around 81K were verified. Unless a referendum or bill passes to officially change it, then the beehive flag should stay put until then. Please see Flag of Utah for more information on what went down. Jwilli39 (talk) 21:14, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * The old flag remains a State symbol under Utah Code as the "historical flag" and requires it be flown by State offices during holidays and above the Capitol when the Legislature is in session. An executive order places it's precedence as being above the present State flag when flown together. In the state symbols section it should still be displayed because of it's legal status and public use. ReminderCG56 (talk) 04:21, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

Manti tornado no longer most recent >(E)F0 tornado
At the end of the climate section in geography/geology, the article says that the last tornado stronger than (E)F0 intensity was the 2002 Manti F2, but the most recent was on June 19, 2022, when an EF2 occurred in rural Duchesne County. Some stupid nerd (talk) 05:08, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Whether or not it is the most recent (and I see that it is not), these "most recent" claims should be avoided where they are unlikely to be updated. I'll be deleting the claim. Uness232 (talk) 12:59, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 31 May 2024
Remove pronunciation no source. 64.189.18.34 (talk) 20:57, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.   [[User:CanonNi ]]  (talk • contribs) 03:46, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 31 May 2024 (2)
No source fo rindian name add source or remove.it. 64.189.18.34 (talk) 20:58, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.   [[User:CanonNi ]]  (talk • contribs) 03:46, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

Navajo name inclusion in summary box seems odd due to an inconsistent formating and absent clear reasoning when accessing most U.S. State pages.
The choice for which languages are appended to the offical names of the U.S. States are scatagorical and inconsistently applied. What is the reason for the Navajo name being used when the State's name comes from the Ute people? Secondly, Spanish is the second most widly spoken language in the state, why does the page not have the Spanish name for Utah broadly mentioned? Wikipedia editors ought to strive for consistincy by establishing needed criteria for a specified format accross sister pages.

Considering 11 of the 50 states have secondary language names applied to them in a manner with no clear system this practice needs review. These states are (Utah, Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota & Tennesee) This seems to confuses readers. It should be moved to another location within the summery box, perhapes as one of the other names if well known or in common usage. ReminderCG56 (talk) 23:16, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

 * There is no indication that the Navajo name is in common usage. The name was added in an edit in March 2024 without discussion. There have been previous attempts to add other Indian names to the article, but those have long since been removed and I was unable to find the diffs offhand.
 * Apart from WP:DUE concerns (as there were historically five tribes in the area now known as Utah), adding uncommon alternative American Indian names is against MOS:BOLDSYN which states that only significant alternative names should be added to the article. Mfko (talk) 20:18, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Utah


text:
Houghton County, Michigan

Houghton County is a county in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,361. The county seat and largest city is Houghton. Both the county and the city were named for Michigan State geologist and Detroit Mayor Douglass Houghton.

Houghton County is part of the Houghton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Keweenaw County, and was part of Copper Country during the mining boom of the latter half of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century.

History
In 1843, the Upper Peninsula was divided into Mackinac, Chippewa, Marquette, Schoolcraft, Delta, and Ontonagon Counties. In 1845, Houghton County boundaries were defined, with areas partitioned from Marquette and Ontonagon Counties. The new county was named after Douglass Houghton, the new state's first State Geologist, who extensively explored the Upper Peninsula's mineralogy. The original boundaries of Houghton County included the future Keweenaw and Baraga Counties. In 1846, the county was organized into three townships: Eagle Harbor, Houghton, and L'Anse. Keweenaw County was set off from Houghton County in 1861 and Baraga County was set off in 1875.

Houghton County's history is heavily marked by immigration. At one of the peaks of its population, the 1910 census had 40.6% of its population of 88,098 as foreign-born, with 89.3% of the population being either foreign-born or having at one or both of their parents as foreign-born. 70.6% of all voters were foreign-born, and only 5.1% of voters were native-born with native parents. This amalgam of immigrants from dozens of countries created a unique culture, especially once population growth stopped, and the county shrank in population to its current numbers. Heavily representative among many ethnicities were the Finnish. The 1910 census listed 13.1% of the residents being Finnish-born (out of the 32.3% total of the residents listed as foreign-born). The 2010 census lists almost the same proportion (32.5%) of the population as having Finnish ancestors.

Amid the Great Depression of the 1930s, a sharp increase in unemployment among workers in the mining and timber industries caused a pivot to potato production. For a brief time in the 1930s and 1940s, the region became a major exporter of potatoes within the United States.

In June 2018, a major flash flood caused sinkholes and washouts in the towns of Chassell, Houghton, Ripley, Lake Linden, and Hubbell.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1502 sqmi, of which 1009 sqmi is land and 492 sqmi (33%) is water.

The Portage Lift Bridge crosses Portage Lake, connecting Hancock and Houghton, Michigan, by crossing over Portage Lake, which is part of the river and canal system that spans the peninsula. The Portage Lift Bridge is the world's heaviest and widest double-decked vertical lift bridge. Its center span "lifts" to provide 100 ft of clearance for ships. Since rail traffic was discontinued in the Keweenaw, the lower deck accommodates snowmobile traffic in the winter. This is the only land-based link between the Keweenaw Peninsula's north and south sections, making it crucial to local transportation.

Major highways

 * runs from the southeast corner of the county, north and northwest to Chassell and Houghton, then northeast to Copper Harbor.
 * enters the western portion of county from Mass City and runs northeast through South Range and Houghton to intersect with US 41 at Keweenaw Park.
 * runs east–west across lower portion of county, past Kenton and Sidnaw.
 * runs east–west across center of county, past White, Nisula, and Alston.
 * runs northwest from Houghton, then loops northeast and east to intersect with US 41.

Airport

 * Prickett-Grooms Field privately owned public-use general-aviation daytime-access airport at Sidnaw (since 1940s).
 * Houghton County Memorial Airport (KCMX) between Hancock and Calumet (since 1948). General-aviation and limited commercial airline service.

Adjacent counties

 * Keweenaw County, north
 * Baraga County, east
 * Iron County, south border (on Central Time Zone)
 * Ontonagon County, west

National protected areas

 * Keweenaw National Historical Park (part)
 * Ottawa National Forest (part)

Cities

 * Hancock
 * Houghton (county seat)

Villages

 * Calumet
 * Copper City
 * Lake Linden
 * Laurium
 * South Range

Charter townships

 * Calumet Charter Township
 * Portage Charter Township

Civil townships

 * Adams Township
 * Chassell Township
 * Duncan Township
 * Elm River Township
 * Franklin Township
 * Hancock Township
 * Laird Township
 * Osceola Township
 * Quincy Township
 * Schoolcraft Township
 * Stanton Township
 * Torch Lake Township

Census-designated places

 * Atlantic Mine
 * Chassell
 * Dodgeville
 * Dollar Bay
 * Hubbell
 * Hurontown
 * Painesdale
 * Trimountain

Other unincorporated communities

 * Alston
 * Askel
 * Baltic
 * Beacon Hill
 * Blue Jacket
 * Bootjack
 * Boston
 * Centennial
 * Centennial Heights
 * Champion Mine
 * Chickenville
 * Dakota Heights
 * Donken
 * Dreamland
 * Elo
 * Florida
 * Franklin Mine
 * Freda
 * Frost
 * Gregoryville
 * Kearsarge
 * Kenton
 * Klingville
 * Lake Roland
 * Liminga
 * Mason
 * Nisula
 * Oneco
 * Osceola
 * Oskar
 * Paavola
 * Pewabic
 * Phillipsville
 * Pilgrim
 * Point Mills
 * Pori
 * Portage Entry
 * Rabbit Bay
 * Redridge
 * Ripley
 * Schmidt Corner
 * Seeberville
 * Senter
 * Sidnaw
 * Superior
 * Swedetown
 * Tamarack City
 * Tapiola
 * Toivola
 * Traverse Bay
 * Twin Lakes
 * Winona
 * Wolverine
 * Yellow Jacket

Ghost towns

 * Albion Station
 * Backstreet
 * Bishop
 * Boot Jack Point
 * Craig Roy
 * E-Location
 * Elm River
 * Frenchtown
 * Jacobsville
 * Motley
 * White City
 * Wyandotte

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 37,361 people, 14,173 households and 8,117 families residing in the county. The population density was 37.0 inhabitants per square mile (14.29/km²). There were 18,807 housing units at an average density of 18.63 per square mile (7.19/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 93.9% White, 1.1% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 2.5% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 1.9% of the population.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 36,628 people, 14,232 households and 8,093 families residing in the county. The population density was 36.29 inhabitants per square mile (14.01/km²). There were 18,635 housing units at an average density of 18.46 per square mile (7.13/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.5% White, 2.9% Asian, 0.6% Native American, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.2% from other races and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 1.9% of the population. The biggest ancestry groups were Finnish at 32.5% of the population, German at 14.0%, French at 9.4%, English at 6.2% and Irish at 5.1%. Of the 14,232 households 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.01. The county population contained 20.6% under the age of 18, 20.6% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 15% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.1 years. The population was 45.9% female and 54.1% male. The median income for a household in the county was $34,625, and the median income for a family was $48,506. The per capita income for the county was $18,556. About 12.6% of families and 22.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of people under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Houghton County voters tend to favor Republican Party nominees. Since 1884, the Republican Party has been selected in 76% (26 of 34) of national elections.

The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

The Houghton County Courthouse "..stood high upon the bluff on Houghton Village facing North and pleasantly overlooking Portage Lake.", and has been inducted in the US Registry of Historic Districts and Buildings of the Upper Peninsula. Construction began in spring 1886. The building had its first addition to the north wing, the addition of a larger jail wing, in 1910, and that was the only renovation until the jail wing was condemned in 1961. A new jail was built in its present location, adjacent to the original. According to the Mining Gazette, "The materials used with the exception of the facing brick are the product of the Upper Peninsula" (July 25, 1886, p. 3). Kathryn Eckert, in her Buildings of Michigan, wrote:
 * "The courthouse is composed of the original structure, a rectangular block from which project central pavilions with parapeted dormers, a four-story tower, and north and west wing additions. The curbed mansard roof, the grouping of windows beneath red sandstone lintels connected by bands that encircle the structure, and the decorative entablature unite the composition. Porches supported with posts and Gothic-arch brackets...The interior is richly finished with wood; red, rich brown, and light yellowish brown floor tiles; ornamental plaster; and oak staircase; and stone fireplaces."

The building section that was once the jail wing is now used for office space.

Elected officials

 * Prosecuting Attorney: Daniel J. Helmer (from 2023)
 * Sheriff: Josh Saaranen (from 2021)
 * County Clerk/Register of Deeds: Jennifer Kelly
 * County Treasurer: Lisa Mattila
 * Drain Commissioner: John Pekkala
 * Mine Inspector: Murray Giles

(information as of June 2024)

title: Houghton County, Michigan


text:
Hillsdale County, Michigan

Hillsdale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 45,746. The county seat is Hillsdale. Hillsdale County is the only county in Michigan to border both Indiana and Ohio. Due to an angle in the state's southern border, Hillsdale County has the southernmost point in the state. Hillsdale County is conterminous with the Hillsdale, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area. The Hillsdale County Courthouse was designed by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect.

History
The county is named for its rolling terrain. It was described by action of the Michigan Territorial legislature in 1829, and was organized six years later. See List of Michigan county name etymologies.

Hillsdale County was a New England settlement; its early settlers came from the northern coastal colonies – "Yankees", descended from the English Puritans who emigrated from the Old World in the 1600s. There was a wave of such settlers into the Northwest Territory during the early 1800s, many traveling on the newly completed Erie Canal, and made safe by the conclusion of the Black Hawk War. They brought with them a passion for education, establishing many schools. Many were abolitionists.

Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 607 sqmi, of which 598 sqmi is land and 8.9 sqmi (1.5%) is water. Hillsdale is the only county in Michigan to have a land border with two other states – Ohio and Indiana. The headwaters of two St. Joseph Rivers rise in Hillsdale County: the St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan) and the St. Joseph River (Maumee River).

Parks

 * McCourtie Park
 * Slayton Arboretum

Adjacent counties

 * Jackson County (northeast)
 * Calhoun County (northwest)
 * Lenawee County (east)
 * Branch County (west)
 * Fulton County, Ohio (southeast)
 * Williams County, Ohio (south)
 * Steuben County, Indiana (southwest)

Climate
Hillsdale County experiences four distinct seasons. July is the hottest month with an average high of 82 F and January the coldest with an average high of 29 F. June is the wettest month with 4.29 in of rain on average.

Demographics
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 46,527 people, 17,335 households, and 12,550 families residing in the county. The population density was 78 /mi2. There were 20,189 housing units at an average density of 34 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.56% White, 0.43% Black or African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. 1.20% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 28.4% were of German, 28.2% English and 9.3% Irish ancestry, 97.0% spoke English, 1.2% Spanish and 1.2% German as their first language.

There were 17,335 households, out of which 32.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.90% were married couples living together, 8.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.60% were non-families. 22.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.05.

The county's population contained 26.30% under the age of 18, 10.00% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 13.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 99.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,396, and the median income for a family was $45,895. Males had a median income of $35,349 versus $23,718 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,255. About 5.20% of families and 8.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.80% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Hillsdale County has been a reliably Republican county since the 19th century. Since 1884, the Republican nominee has carried the county in 32 of 34 presidential elections, the lone exceptions being when it was carried by Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson amidst a national landslide in 1964 (albeit by only 144 votes), and when it was carried by Progressive nominee Theodore Roosevelt when the Republican electorate had a schism in 1912.

The county government operates the county jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Elected officials

 * Circuit Court Judge: Honorable Sara S. Lisznyai
 * District Court Judge: Honorable Megan Stiverson
 * Probate Judge: Honorable Michelle A. Bianchi
 * Prosecuting Attorney: Neal A. Brady
 * Sheriff: Scott B. Hodshire
 * County Clerk: Marney Kast
 * County Treasurer: Stephenie Kyser
 * Register of Deeds: Bambi L. Somerlott
 * Drain Commissioner: Matt Word
 * Board of Commissioners:
 * District One: Ruth Brown
 * District Two: Andy Weldon, Vice Chairperson
 * District Three: Mark E. Wiley, Chairperson
 * District Four: Bruce Caswell
 * District Five: John Burtka

Republican Party Split
On August 12, 2022, the Hillsdale County Republican Party refused to let duly elected precinct delegates from entering the County Convention. This was under the claim that Hillsdale County Clerk, Marney Kast, had purposely spoiled certain candidates ballots past the filing deadline. They held the convention with those who were not disavowed inside the Sozo Church. The duly elected precinct delegates held their own convention outside in the parking lot. The party split, and multiple lawsuits followed.

Currently, the Michigan Republican Party recognizes Brent Leininger as the Chair of the Hillsdale County Republican Party, who was one of the precinct delegates previously disavowed.

Major highways

 * crosses the county in a generally east–west direction for a distance of about 23 miles. US 12 is the southernmost US Highway in Michigan to go east and west.
 * is the north–south highway running along a portion of the eastern boundary of the county and is also called Meridian Road as it runs along the Michigan meridian.
 * is a highway from the eastern border of the county westward until it joins M-99. It is also known as Hudson Road.
 * is a north–south highway running north from the Ohio border and intersects M-99 in the northwest corner of the county.
 * crosses the county in a generally north–south direction for a distance of about 30 miles. It is also known as Carleton Road (named after the poet Will Carleton who attended Hillsdale College and lived in Hillsdale for a time.)

Airports
Hillsdale Municipal Airport (KJYM) established in 1963, has a 5000' paved and lighted runway with instrument approaches, hangars, tie-downs, and fuel services available. It allows general aviation access to Hillsdale County and nearby areas.

Trails
The 4000 mile National Scenic North Country Trail passes through the county in a north–south direction.

Cities

 * Hillsdale (county seat)
 * Jonesville
 * Litchfield
 * Reading

Villages

 * Allen
 * Camden
 * Montgomery
 * North Adams
 * Waldron

Civil townships

 * Adams Township
 * Allen Township
 * Amboy Township
 * Cambria Township
 * Camden Township
 * Fayette Township
 * Hillsdale Township
 * Jefferson Township
 * Litchfield Township
 * Moscow Township
 * Pittsford Township
 * Ransom Township
 * Reading Township
 * Scipio Township
 * Somerset Township
 * Wheatland Township
 * Woodbridge Township
 * Wright Township

Unincorporated communities

 * Amboy Center
 * Austin
 * Bankers
 * Betzer
 * Cambria
 * Church's Corners
 * Frontier
 * Jerome
 * Lake LeAnn
 * Locust Corners
 * Moscow
 * Mosherville
 * Osseo
 * Pittsford
 * Prattville
 * Ransom
 * Somerset
 * Somerset Center

Notable people

 * Moses Allen, first settler and veteran of the War of 1812.
 * Oscar F. Avery (1841–1924), lawyer and Illinois state senator, was born in Allen Township.
 * Don A. Jones (1912–2000), admiral and civil engineer, seventh Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and second Director of the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps, born in Waldron.
 * Penny Neer, Olympic athlete.

title: Hillsdale County, Michigan


text:
Gratiot County, Michigan

Gratiot County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 41,761. The county seat is Ithaca, although its most populous city is Alma.

Gratiot County comprises the Alma, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Mount Pleasant-Alma, MI Combined Statistical Area. The Gratiot County Courthouse was designed in the classical revival style by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect. It is one of seven sites in the county listed on the National Register of Historic Places (No. 76002291 added 1976). In June 2012, the 212.8 MW Gratiot County Wind Project opened, the largest wind power installation in the state.

History
Gratiot County, Michigan is named for Captain Charles Gratiot, who supervised the building of Port Huron's Fort Gratiot. It was described by the Territorial Legislature in 1831. By 1837, the Territory had been admitted to the Union as a state; in 1855 the State Legislature authorized the organization of Gratiot County – the death year of the county's namesake.

Gratiot County was a New England settlement. The original founders of Ithaca and of Alma were settlers from New England, "Yankees", descended from the English Puritans who settled the northeastern coast of the new continent in the 1600s. The Gratiot County settlers were farmers who headed west into what was then the wilds of the Northwest Territory during the early 1800s. Most of them arrived as a result of the completion of the Erie Canal as well as the close of the Black Hawk War. They arrived to virgin forest and wild prairie, but laid out farms, constructed roads, erected government buildings and established post routes. They maintained their customs, such as passion for education, and abhorrence of the existing slave trade. They were members of the Congregationalist Church or the Episcopal Church.

In the 1890s, German immigrants began settling in Gratiot County. See List of Michigan county name etymologies. Emil Lockwood, a noted Michigan legislator, represented Gratiot County in the Michigan Senate from 1963 to 1970, much of the time as Senate Majority Leader.

There are six Michigan historical markers in Gratiot County:
 * Alma College
 * Gratiot County
 * Jackson Weller House
 * Lumberjack Park
 * Michigan Masonic Home
 * Saginaw and Gratiot County State Road / Saginaw Valley & St. Louis Railroad

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 572 sqmi, of which 568 sqmi is land and 3.1 sqmi (0.6%) is water. It is considered to be part of Central Michigan.

Adjacent counties

 * Midland County – northeast
 * Isabella County – northwest
 * Saginaw County – east
 * Montcalm County – west
 * Shiawassee County – southeast
 * Clinton County – south
 * Ionia County – southwest

Major highways

 * – runs north to I-75 and south to Lansing.
 * – business loop through downtown Alma.
 * – business loop through downtown Ithaca.
 * – business loop through downtown St. Louis.
 * – a north–south highway that runs north into Midland County; runs north to West Branch.
 * – cross-peninsular highway that runs east to Saginaw and Port Sanilac; runs west to Muskegon.
 * – runs east to Flint; runs west to US 131 near Grand Rapids.

Demographics
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 42,285 people, 14,501 households, and 10,397 families residing in the county. The population density was 74 /mi2. There were 15,516 housing units at an average density of 27 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 92.01% White, 3.72% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.76% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. 4.43% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 29.8% were of English ancestry, 24.4% were of German ancestry and 6.9% Irish ancestry, 96.1% spoke English and 2.7% Spanish as their first language.

There were 14,501 households, out of which 34.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.60% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.30% were non-families. 23.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.02.

The county population included 23.80% under the age of 18, 11.60% from 18 to 24, 29.50% from 25 to 44, 21.60% from 45 to 64, and 13.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 108.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,262, and the median income for a family was $43,954. Males had a median income of $32,442 versus $22,333 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,118. About 7.30% of families and 10.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.70% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over.

Religion
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saginaw is the controlling regional body for the Catholic Church.

Government
Gratiot County has been reliably Republican from the beginning. Since 1884, the Republican Party nominee has carried the county vote in 76% of the elections (26 of 34 elections).

The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget, and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Elected officials

 * Prosecuting Attorney: Laura Bever
 * Sheriff: Mike Morris
 * County Clerk: Angie Thompson
 * County Treasurer: Terri Ball
 * Register of Deeds: Kimberlee VanHoose
 * Drain Commissioner: Bernard J. Barnes

Cities

 * Alma
 * Ithaca (county seat)
 * St. Louis

Villages

 * Ashley
 * Breckenridge
 * Perrinton

Unincorporated communities

 * Bannister
 * Beebe
 * Edgewood
 * Elm Hall
 * Elwell
 * Forest Hill
 * Galloway
 * Middleton
 * Newark
 * New Haven Center
 * North Star
 * Pompeii
 * Rathbone
 * Riverdale
 * Sethton
 * Sickles
 * Sumner
 * Wheeler

Ghost towns

 * Bridgeville
 * Langport
 * Ola

Townships

 * Arcada Township
 * Bethany Township
 * Elba Township
 * Emerson Township
 * Fulton Township
 * Hamilton Township
 * Lafayette Township
 * New Haven Township
 * Newark Township
 * North Shade Township
 * North Star Township
 * Pine River Township
 * Seville Township
 * Sumner Township
 * Washington Township
 * Wheeler Township

Education
The Gratiot–Isabella Regional Education Service District, based in Ithaca, services the students in the county. The intermediate school district offers regional special education services, early education programs, and technical career pathways for students of its districts.

Gratiot County is served by the following regular public school districts:

 * Alma Public Schools
 * Ashley Community Schools
 * Breckenridge Community Schools
 * Fulton Schools
 * Ithaca Public Schools
 * St. Louis Public Schools

Gratiot County has the following private schools:

 * Countryside Christian School (Mennonite)
 * Ithaca SDA School (Seventh-day Adventist)
 * St. Mary School (Roman Catholic)

title: Gratiot County, Michigan


text:
Grand Traverse County, Michigan

Grand Traverse County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 95,238, making it the largest county in Northern Michigan. Its county seat is Traverse City. The county is part of the Traverse City metropolitan area, which also includes neighboring Benzie, Kalkaska, and Leelanau counties.

Long a part of territory under the Council of Three Fires (comprising the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi), Grand Traverse County's first European settlement was established in 1839. It was originally created in 1840 as Omeena County; however, it was reorganized in 1851 as Grand Traverse County. The county itself and Traverse City are named after Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.

Interlochen Center for the Arts, a prestigious boarding school, is located within the county.

History
Prior to European settlement, Grand Traverse County was part of territory under the Council of Three Fires (comprising the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi). These people called the area at the head of Grand Traverse Bay gichi-wiikwedoongsing (Ojibwe: 'place at the head of the great bay').

As a duty of the federal government under the 1836 Treaty of Washington, the first permanent settlement in the county was the mission now known as Old Mission, established in May 1839 as "Grand Traverse". Grand Traverse Bay, from which the area takes its name, earned its name from 18th-century French voyageurs who made la grande traversée, or "the long crossing", across the mouth of bay.

The Michigan Legislature separated the unorganized Omeena County from part of Michilimackinac County in 1840. Omeena is derived from an Ojibwe expression, o-me-nah, meaning "is it so?"

On April 7, 1851, an act of legislature organized Omeena County, effectively renaming it Grand Traverse County. The seat of government was designated to Boardman's Mills, a location in the young Traverse City. The future counties of Antrim, Benzie, Kalkaska, Leelanau, Manistee, Missaukee, and Wexford were subsequently attached to Grand Traverse County for administrative purposes, until being organized in their own rights. However, the act contained no provisions on formation of townships or choosing of election officials, thus Grand Traverse County had no legal government until 1858. That winter, an act of the state legislature completed the organization of Grand Traverse County and divided the county between two initial townships:
 * Peninsula Township, comprising the Old Mission Peninsula, and
 * Traverse Township, which encompassed the rest of the county.

Today, Grand Traverse County contains thirteen townships.

An 1884 article called the Traverse Region famous for "its productiveness of soil, salubrious climate and romantic scenery".

Historical markers
There are 12 recognized Michigan historical markers in the county:  They are:

 * City Opera House
 * Congregation Beth El
 * Dougherty Mission House
 * Fife Lake–Union District No. 1 Schoolhouse
 * Friends Meetinghouse
 * Grand Traverse Bay
 * Hannah and Lay Mercantile Building
 * Hesler Log House
 * Interlochen
 * Ladies Library Association
 * Novotny's Saloon
 * Traverse City Regional Psychiatric Hospital

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 601 sqmi, of which 464 sqmi is land and 137 sqmi (23%) is water. Grand Traverse County is considered to be part of Northern Michigan. The highest point in Grand Traverse County is Exodus Hill in Long Lake Township, and the lowest point is the Grand Traverse Bay. The county is home to many notable lakes, including Arbutus Lake, Fife Lake, Green Lake, Silver Lake, Spider Lake, and part of Elk Lake. The county's largest inland lake is Long Lake.

The Old Mission Peninsula, which projects 17 mi into Grand Traverse Bay, is politically part of Grand Traverse County, and is largely part of Peninsula Township. Power Island, an island in Grand Traverse Bay, is also part of Peninsula Township.

Rivers

 * Betsie River, begins at Green Lake (although its tributaries extend much further into the county), flows west into Benzie County, and eventually to Lake Michigan at Frankfort.
 * Boardman River, enters from the east from Kalkaska County, flows west and north until reaching West Bay in Traverse City.
 * Platte River, begins at Long Lake and flows west to Lake DuBonnet and into Benzie County, eventually ending at Lake Michigan.

Adjacent counties

 * Antrim County (northeast)
 * Kalkaska County (east)
 * Missaukee County (southeast)
 * Wexford County (south)
 * Manistee County (southwest)
 * Benzie County (west)
 * Leelanau County (northwest)

Protected area

 * Pere Marquette State Forest

State parks

 * Interlochen State Park
 * Keith J. Charters Traverse City State Park
 * Old Mission State Park

City

 * Traverse City (county seat, partially in Leelanau County)

Villages

 * Fife Lake
 * Kingsley

Charter townships

 * East Bay Township
 * Garfield Township
 * Long Lake Township

Civil townships

 * Acme Township
 * Blair Township
 * Fife Lake Township
 * Grant Township
 * Green Lake Township
 * Mayfield Township
 * Paradise Township
 * Peninsula Township
 * Union Township
 * Whitewater Township

Census-designated places

 * Chums Corner
 * Grawn
 * Interlochen

Other unincorporated communities

 * Acme
 * Brookside
 * Devils Elbow
 * Fivemile Corner
 * Hannah
 * Hilltop
 * Jacks Landing
 * Karlin
 * Long Lake
 * Mapleton
 * Mayfield
 * Monroe Center
 * Neahtawanta
 * Old Mission
 * Summit City
 * Walton
 * Wexford Corner
 * Williamsburg
 * Yuba

Ghost towns

 * Angell
 * Archie
 * Bates
 * Bartlett
 * Beitner
 * Cedar Run
 * Diamond Park
 * Duck Lake Park
 * East Bay
 * Hilltop
 * Hodge
 * Keystone
 * Kratochvil's Plat
 * Lakeside Resort
 * Mabel
 * McManus Corner
 * Moffatt
 * Munro
 * Neal
 * Ogdensburg
 * Pavlovic Corner
 * Peninsula Resort
 * Slights
 * Skegemog Point
 * Traverse Point
 * Westminster
 * Wylie

Indian reservation

 * Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 77,654 people, 30,396 households, and 20,730 families residing in the county. The population density was 167 PD/sqmi. There were 34,842 housing units at an average density of 75 /sqmi. By 2020, its population grew to 95,238.

In 2000, the racial makeup of the county was 96.51% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 0.93% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. 1.49% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 25.1% were of German, 11.3% English, 10.7% Irish, 8.4% American and 7.4% Polish ancestry, 96.4% spoke English and 1.6% Spanish as their first language.

There were 30,396 households, out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.70% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.80% were non-families. 25.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 13.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the county was $43,169, and the median income for a family was $51,211. Males had a median income of $34,796 versus $24,139 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,111. About 3.80% of families and 5.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.30% of those under age 18 and 5.90% of those age 65 or over.

Religion
Grand Traverse County is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord. It is also located in the Episcopal Diocese of Western Michigan.

Politics
Historically, Grand Traverse County has been a Republican-leaning county; it has voted for the Republican candidate in every presidential election since the Civil War, except for four: 1912, 1932, 1936, and 1964. In the last decade, the county has become more politically competitive; though Democratic candidates have not carried the county since 1964, their margins of defeat have narrowed in recent elections. Traverse City leans Democratic while the rest of the county leans Republican.

In the 2022 Michigan gubernatorial election, Democrat Gretchen Whitmer received 27,396 votes (52.38%), making it the first time a Democratic gubernatorial candidate has carried the county since 1986.

In the 2020 presidential election, Donald Trump carried the county, despite losing the state of Michigan. In 2020, he won the county with 50.54% (30,502 votes), and in 2016, won with 52.73% (27,413 votes). Despite Trump's relatively similar percentage, his margin was massively decreased due to the lack of third party options in 2020 as well as a higher turnout for Democrats.

In 2008, Republican candidate John McCain received 24,716 votes in the county (50.60% of the total) to Democratic candidate Barack Obama's 23,258 (47.62%), even as Obama carried the state of Michigan by a double-digit margin. McCain's margin of victory was narrower than usual for a Republican candidate in the county.

In 2004, Republican president George W. Bush received 27,446 votes in the county (59.42%) to Democrat John Kerry's 18,256 (39.52%).

In 2000, Bush received 22,358 votes in the county (58.48%) to Democrat Al Gore's 14,371 (37.59%).

Government
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, keeps files of deeds and mortgages, maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has only limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Grand Traverse County is represented in the U.S. House of Representatives by Jack Bergman (R), and is part of Michigan's 1st congressional district.

In the Michigan House of Representatives, Grand Traverse County is divided between the 103rd and 104th districts. The 103rd, which comprises Traverse City and the townships of East Bay, Garfield, Long Lake, and Peninsula, is represented in Lansing by Betsy Coffia (D). The 104th, which comprises the rest of Grand Traverse County, is represented by John Roth (R). In the Michigan Senate, Grand Traverse County is part of the 37th Senate district, and is represented by John Damoose (R).

Elected officials

 * Prosecuting Attorney: Noelle Moeggenberg
 * Sheriff: Michael Shea
 * County Clerk: Bonnie Scheele
 * County Treasurer: Sarah Gum
 * Register of Deeds: Peggy Haines
 * Drain Commissioner: Andy Smits

County

 * Grand Traverse County Sheriff's Department

City

 * Traverse City Police Department

Fire departments

 * Blair Township Fire Department
 * Fife Lake Springfield Fire Department
 * Grand Traverse Metro Fire Department
 * Green Lake Township Emergency Services
 * Long Lake Fire-Rescue
 * Paradise Emergency Services
 * Peninsula Township Fire Department
 * City of Traverse City Fire Department
 * Whitewater Township Fire Department

Primary and secondary
Grand Traverse County is served by the following public school districts:

 * Benzie Central Schools (BCS) serves the extreme southwestern corner of the county.
 * Buckley Community School District (BCSD) serves the southwest of the county.
 * Elk Rapids Schools (ERS) serves the northeasternmost areas of the county.
 * Forest Area Community Schools (FACS) serves the southeast of the county, including the village of Fife Lake.
 * Manton Consolidated Schools (MCS) serves a few square miles in the extreme southeastern corner of the county.
 * Kingsley Area Schools (KAS) serves the south–center of the county, focused on the village of Kingsley.
 * Traverse City Area Public Schools (TCAPS) serves most of the county, centered on Traverse City. The district contains two high schools, Traverse City Central and Traverse City West.

The county is also home to many smaller charter and private schools, most notably those that are a part of Grand Traverse Area Catholic Schools.

Post-secondary
Grand Traverse County is home to Northwestern Michigan College, a public community college in Traverse City.

Economy
According to the Grand Traverse Economic Development Corporation, the largest employers in Grand Traverse County, as of 2017, are:

Air service
Grand Traverse County is served commercially by Cherry Capital Airport, which is located near Traverse City. It serves the 21-county Northern Michigan area, and has year-round and seasonal destinations around the United States. In 2019, Cherry Capital Airport had the fourth-most enplanements of any airport in Michigan, behind Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Grand Rapids' Gerald R. Ford International Airport, and Flint's Bishop International Airport.

Other airparks in the county include: Formerly, there was an airport on the south side of Traverse City called Ransom Field. This was located on Rennie Hill. This airport closed sometime in the 1930s.
 * Acme Skyport
 * Green Lake Airport
 * Tramps Aerodrome
 * Yuba Airport

Major highways
Previously, an additional highway, M-137, ran through Grand Traverse County, from US 31 in Green Lake Township south to Interlochen, passing by Interlochen Center for the Arts and Interlochen State Park. However, MDOT decommissioned the highway in 2020.
 * follows a jagged path through the county, at various points traveling north–south and east–west. The route is one of Northern Michigan's busiest thoroughfares as it passes through Traverse City. It provides access to cities to the north (such as Charlevoix and Petoskey) and southwest (such as Ludington and Muskegon). The highway runs south to Spanish Fort, Alabama, through major cities like Indianapolis, Louisville, Nashville, and Birmingham.
 * runs northeast–southwest through the far southeast of the county, entirely within Fife Lake Township. The highway provides access to Kalkaska and Petoskey to the north, and cities such as Cadillac, Grand Rapids, and Kalamazoo to the south. The southern end is at the Indiana Toll Road just across the state line.
 * begins at an intersection in Traverse City, and runs northwest along the Grand Traverse Bay. It then continues in Leelanau County, following the shore of Grand Traverse Bay towards Suttons Bay and Northport, then turning southwesterly towards Leland, Glen Arbor, Frankfort, and Manistee.
 * is the longest highway in the county. A north–south route, the highway enters the county from near Buckley and continues north to the Old Mission Peninsula via Traverse City. The highway terminates at a cul-de-sac near Mission Point Light. South of Grand Traverse County, the route continues south through the state to Baldwin, Grand Rapids, Hastings, and Battle Creek.
 * is an east–west route, entering the county from the northwest. The route passes through Traverse City, and continues east toward Kalkaska, passing through Williamsburg along the way. The highway provides access to Empire and central Leelanau County to the west, and Grayling and Harrisville on the Lake Huron shore to the east.
 * is an east–west route in the south of the county, connecting M-37 to US 131 while passing through Kingsley and Walton.
 * is a short highway providing a direct route from M-113 to US 131 at Fife Lake.

Bicycle route

 * parallels the shore of Grand Traverse Bay along a number of roadways and local trails, including those that are part of the TART Trails system.

title: Grand Traverse County, Michigan


text:
Gogebic County, Michigan

Gogebic County ( or  ) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,380. The county seat is Bessemer. Gogebic County is the westernmost county in Michigan, and is one of four Michigan counties within the Central Time Zone. Gogebic County borders Wisconsin to the south, and has a shoreline on Lake Superior to the north.

Gogebic County has long been territory of the Lake Superior Chippewa. The Lac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation is located within Gogebic County.

History
Gogebic County was organized in 1887, partitioned from Ontonagon County. The county's name derives from a lake of the same name, which was originally rendered Agogebic. Sources agree that the name is from Ojibwe, but differ on the original meaning. The county's website suggests it meant "body of water hanging on high," but an 1884 military annal said it meant "water-mold lake" (Agogibing). (See also: List of place names of Native American origin in Michigan)

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1476 sqmi, of which 1102 sqmi is land and 374 sqmi (25%) is water.

Water features

 * Lake Superior – forms the county's northern land border.
 * Lake Gogebic – the largest lake in the Upper Peninsula.
 * Montreal River – forms the county's western border, as well as the state's border with Wisconsin in this area.

Adjacent counties

 * Ontonagon County – north, northeast (Eastern Time)
 * Iron County – east (Central Time)
 * Vilas County, Wisconsin – south
 * Iron County, Wisconsin – southwest
 * Ashland County, Wisconsin – northwest

National protected area

 * Ottawa National Forest (part)

State protected area

 * Lake Gogebic State Park

Cities

 * Bessemer (county seat)
 * Ironwood
 * Wakefield

Charter township

 * Ironwood Charter Township

Civil townships

 * Bessemer Township
 * Erwin Township
 * Marenisco Township
 * Wakefield Township
 * Watersmeet Township

Census-designated places

 * Marenisco
 * Watersmeet

Other unincorporated communities

 * Anvil
 * Connorville
 * Dunham
 * Harley
 * Puritan
 * Ramsay
 * Siemens
 * Tamarack
 * Thayer
 * Thomaston
 * Tula
 * Wellington

Indian reservations

 * Lac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation

Demographics
The 2010 United States census indicated Gogebic County had a population of 16,427. This decrease of 943 people from the 2000 United States census was a -5.4% change in population. In 2010, there were 7,037 households and 4,171 families residing in the county. The population density was 15 /mi2. There were 10,795 housing units at an average density of 10 /mi2. Among them, 91.7% of the population were White, 4.1% Black or African American, 2.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% of some other race and 1.4% of two or more races. 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 17.4% were of Finnish, 12.8% German, 11.2% American, 10.0% Italian, 6.8% Polish, 6.7% English and 5.1% Irish ancestry.

By the 2020 census, its population was 14,380. Its population remained predominantly non-Hispanic white, and the largest ancestries as of 2022's American Community Survey were German (16.5%), Italian (13.6%), English (9.5%), and Polish (7.9%).

In 2010, were 7,037 households, out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.69. Its county population was 16.9% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.8 years. 53.3% of the population was male, and 46.7% of the population was female.

As of 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $34,917, and the median income for a family was $47,219. The per capita income for the county was $20,759. About 14.0% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Sports
Gogebic is the only known place in the Upper Peninsula to ever host a professional sports team, with Ironwood hosting the Northwest Football League's Gogebic Panthers in 1935 and 1936. Their 1935 campaign was immensely successful as the Panthers finished with a 6–1 record, their only loss coming to the eventual league champion La Crosse Old Style Lagers. Their 1936 campaign featured a 6–0 victory over the Madison Cardinals, who folded a few days after the Lagers defeated them 100–0 in an effort to kick them out of the league.

Politics
Gogebic County was reliably Republican at the beginning of the twentieth century. Roosevelt's New Deal changed the county's mood, which has voted for the Democratic candidate in all but four presidential elections since 1932. In 2016, Donald Trump became the first Republican to win the county since Richard Nixon did in 1972. Trump carried the county again in 2020, despite losing nationally.

The county is strongly liberal on economic issues and also tends to be somewhat liberal on cultural issues, voting in favor of Michigan Proposal 2 and Michigan Proposal 3, which loosened voter restrictions and codified abortion rights, respectively. Both referendums passed statewide but failed in most counties in the Upper Peninsula. However, the county's heavily unionized electorate is significantly more conservative on other issues, such as affirmative action, as over 70% of Gogebic County residents voted in favor of the Republican-led Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, which banned affirmative action.

Government
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, maintains vital records and property records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Major highways

 * serves the city of Ironwood.
 * serves the city of Ironwood.

Transit

 * Indian Trails

Airport

 * KIWD - Gogebic-Iron County Airport – 7 mi NE of Ironwood. Commercial air service is available.

title: Gogebic County, Michigan


text:
Gladwin County, Michigan

Gladwin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 25,386. The county seat is Gladwin.

Prehistory
Gladwin County is a headwaters area. Most of the water that flows out of the county via the Tittabawassee River comes from Gladwin County, only a very small portion flows in from Clare or Roscommon counties. Native Americans crossed this area, and even spent summers here where the fishing was good and summer berries plentiful.

Research is underway to determine the importance of an ancient trail that was noted by the crew of the 1839 re-survey of Township 17 north Range 2 west, which later became Beaverton Township. The eastern terminus of the "Muskegon River Trail" was plotted at the confluence of the three branches of the Tobacco (Assa-mo-quoi-Sepe) River in the northwest corner of Section 12. It is possible that an early cross-country route from Saginaw Bay to Lake Michigan proceeded up the Saginaw, Tittabawassee, and Tobacco Rivers to a point west across Ross Lake from the Beaverton City Cemetery. At that point, the canoes would be portaged along the trail to the Muskegon River, then floated down to Lake Michigan.

Many native artifacts have been found along that route that attest to seasonal occupation, but so far no signs have been found to indicate a permanent settlement.

European arrival
The earliest documented visitors to the area were surveyors who platted the lands under provision of the 1787 Northwest Ordinance. Most of the early work was completed during the 1830s, although some of the survey work was faulty - the surveyors reportedly doubted that the area would ever be settled.

The earliest census to mention residents in the area was in 1860.

The county is named for Henry Gladwin, British military commandant at Detroit in 1763 during Pontiac's War. The county was set off and named in 1831, and its government was organized in 1875.

Sesquicentennial
The year 2011 marked 150 years since the first permanent settler of record, Marvel Secord, took up residence along the Tittabawassee River in what is now Secord Township. He was a trapper and trader who provided supplies to lumbering camps in the area. Another man, William Brayton, may have been an earlier settler; the 1860 census listed 14 residents, including two families with children. Of these, 11 were associated with lumbering camps that had begun to appear that year, and three were listed as "hunters." One of the "day laborers" at a camp had brought his wife to the area. The first issue of the Gladwin County Record (1878) mentions his 20 acre of wheat under cultivation. His stepson, Dr. Russell E. Finch arrived in the area in 1875, becoming the county's first physician. William Brayton died in 1895. His claim to being the first permanent settler appears valid, except that just before the 1880 census was taken he and his wife went to Lynn, Massachusetts to care for his dying father. He returned to Gladwin after settling his father's estate in 1882, thus missing being included in the Gladwin County census for 1880.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 516 sqmi, of which 502 sqmi is land and 14 sqmi (2.7%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Michigan by total area. Gladwin County is sometimes considered to be a part of Central Michigan, and at other times is included in Northern Michigan.

Major highways

 * runs north–south through the western part of the county. It runs south along the western county line from the county's northwestern corner for 5 mi then runs east and south to Gladwin, then west and south to Beaverton. It exits the county 6 mi from the southwestern county corner, running to an intersection with US 10.
 * enters the northeastern part of county 2 mi south of the northeastern corner. It runs westerly through the northern part of county, then turns to run south through the center part of county. The highway passes White Star and Billings before exiting the south county line near its midpoint.
 * runs east–west through center part of county and passes Gladwin and White Star.

Adjacent counties

 * Ogemaw County – northeast
 * Arenac County – east
 * Bay County – southeast
 * Midland County – south
 * Clare County – west
 * Isabella County – southwest
 * Roscommon County – northwest

Demographics
As of the 2000 United States Census, of 2000, there were 26,023 people, 10,561 households, and 7,614 families in the county. The population density was 51 /mi2. There were 16,828 housing units at an average density of 33 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.65% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 28.1% were of German, 11.5% American, 11.1% English, 9.4% Irish, 7.3% Polish and 6.4% French ancestry according to Census 2000. 96.3% spoke English, 1.7% German and 1.1% Spanish as their first language.

There were 10,561 households, out of which 27.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.50% were married couples living together, 8.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.90% were non-families. 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.85.

The county population contained 23.20% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 24.20% from 25 to 44, 27.80% from 45 to 64, and 18.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 98.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,019, and the median income for a family was $37,090. Males had a median income of $33,871 versus $21,956 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,614. About 10.40% of families and 13.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.40% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Gladwin County has been reliably Republican from the beginning. Since 1884, the Republican Party nominee has carried the county vote in 85% of the elections (29 of 35 elections).

The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Elected officials

 * Prosecuting Attorney: Mark Toez
 * Sheriff: Michael Shea
 * County Clerk: Karrie Hulme
 * County Treasurer: Christy VanTiem
 * Register of Deeds: Ann Manning-Clayton
 * Drain Commissioner: Terry Walters
 * Road Commissioners: Chuck Hinman
 * County Administrator:
 * Commissioner Dist. 1 – Mike Visnaw
 * Commissioner Dist. 2 – Ron Taylor
 * Commissioner Dist. 3 – Tami O'Donnell
 * Commissioner Dist. 4 – Karen Moore
 * Commissioner Dist. 5 – Rick Grovel

(information as of 2024)

Cities

 * Beaverton
 * Gladwin (county seat)

Civil townships

 * Beaverton Township
 * Bentley Township
 * Billings Township
 * Bourret Township
 * Buckeye Township
 * Butman Township
 * Clement Township
 * Gladwin Township
 * Grim Township
 * Grout Township
 * Hay Township
 * Sage Township
 * Secord Township
 * Sherman Township
 * Tobacco Township

Unincorporated communities

 * Albright Shores
 * Billings
 * Butman
 * Dale
 * Estey
 * Hockaday
 * Lockwood Beach
 * Rhodes
 * Secord
 * Skeels
 * Sugar Rapids
 * White Star
 * Wildwood Shores
 * Winegars
 * Wooden Shoe Village

Ghost town

 * Hard Luck

Education
The Clare-Gladwin Regional Education Service District, based in Clare, services the students in the county along with those of Clare County. The intermediate school district offers regional special education services, early education and after-school programs, and technical career pathways for students of its districts.

Gladwin County is served by the following regular public school districts:

 * Beaverton Schools
 * Gladwin Community Schools

Gladwin County has the following private schools:

 * Lilac Grove Amish School (Amish)
 * Meadow Brook (Amish)
 * Skeels Christian School (Baptist)
 * Southwell Amish School (Amish)

title: Gladwin County, Michigan