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Talk:Hyde County, South Dakota

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Scouting in West Virginia

Scouting in West Virginia has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live.

Early history (1909-1950)
In 1920, the Fairmont Council was founded. It closed in 1922.

In 1921, the Morgantown Council was founded. It closed in 1923.

In 1922, the Grafton Council was founded. It closed in 1923.

In 1923, the New River District Council (#615) was founded. It closed in 1923.

In 1928, the Mountaineer Area Council was founded.

In 1925, the McDowell County Council (#707) was founded. It changed its name to the Southern West Virginia Council (#707) in 1928.

In 1925, the Charleston Council (#617) was founded. It changed its name to the Charleston Area Council (#617) in 1929.

In 1926, the Logan County Council (#756) was founded. It changed its name to the Logan-Boone Area Council (#756) in 1930. It merged into the Logan-Boone-Mingo Area Council (#756) in 1935.

In 1930, the Kentucky-West Virginia Council (#626) was founded. It merged into the Logan-Boone-Mingo Area Council (#756) in 1934. It changed its name to the Cornstalk Council (#756) in 1953. It changed its name to the Chief Cornstalk Council (#756) in 1954. It merged into the Buckskin Council (#617) in 1990.

In 1929, the Charleston Area Council (#617) was founded. It changed its name to the Buckskin Council (#617) in 1949.

In 1946, the Appalachian Council (#673) was founded. It merged into the Southern West Virginia Council (#707) in 1955. It changed its name to the Appalachian Council (#707) in 1956. In 1991, the council merged into the Buckskin Council (#617).

In 1949, the Buckskin Council (#617) was founded.

In 1919, the Parkersburg Council (#618) was founded. It changed its name to the Kootaga Area Council (#618) in 1933. In 1990, it merged into the Allohak Council (#618).

In 1916, the Clarksburg Council (#616) was founded. It changed its name to the Clarksburg Area Council (#616) in 1936. It changed its name to the Central West Virginia Council (#616) in 1941. In 1990, it merged into the Allohak Council (#618).

In 1916, the Wheeling Council (#619) was founded. It changed its name to the Wheeling and Moundsville Council (#619) in 1923. It changed its name to the Wheeling Area Council (#619) in 1925. It changed its name to the Huroquois Council (#619) in 1926. It changed its name to the National Trail Council (#619) in 1966. It changed its name to the Ohio River Valley Council (#619) in 1991.

In 1919, the Huntington Council (#672) was founded. It changed its name to the Huntington Area Council (#672) in 1924. It changed its name to the Tri-State Area Council (#672) in 1935.

Recent history (1950-present)
In 1990, the Allohak Council (#618) was created from the merger of the Central West Virginia Council (#616) and the Kootaga Area Council (#618).

The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve, often shortened as Summit Bechtel Reserve (SBR) and The Summit, located in Mount Hope, West Virginia, near Beckley, is one of four facilities managed by the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The Summit is the home of the national Scout jamboree, The Paul R. Christen National High Adventure Base, The James C. Justice National Scout Camp, and the Thomas S. Monson Leadership Excellence Complex. The main site is 10600 acre in size, with additional properties along the New River Gorge totaling around 14,000 acres. The facility hosted the 2013 National Scout Jamboree.

Boy Scouts of America in West Virginia today
There are nine Boy Scouts of America local (BSA) councils in West Virginia. Most of West Virginia lies within the BSA's Central Region,  Mineral, Hardy, Hampshire, are part of the Northeast Region. Pendleton, Morgan, Berkeley and Jefferson counties, are part of the Southern Region.

Allohak Council
The Allohak Council was created in 1990 but was disbanded on December 31, 2018.

It was composed of six districts and served West Virginia and Ohio. The council headquarters was in Parkersburg, West Virginia.

Split of Council

 * Buckskin Council

 * Blennerhassett District - Counties of Ritchie, Wood (except Williamstown), and Belpre, Ohio became part of the newly formed Kootaga District of the Buckskin Council
 * Little Kanawha District - Counties of Calhoun, Jackson, Roane, and Wirt became part of the newly formed Kootaga District in the Buckskin Council

 * Mountaineer Council

 * Highland District - Counties of Barbour, Upshur, Randolph, Tucker moved into the Mountaineer Council
 * Stonewall Jackson District - Counties of Doddridge, Gilmer, Harrison, and Lewis moved into the Mountaineer Council.

 * Simon Kenton Council

 * Hock Hocking District - Athens County, Ohio moved into the Simon Kenton Council

 * Muskingum Valley Council

 * Washington District - Counties of Pleasants, Washington County, Ohio (except Belpre), and Williamstown moved into the Muskingum Valley Council.

Camps
Camp Kootaga is located in Wirt County, WV. It serves as the summer camp for the Allohak Council. The camp is located on approximately 600 acres of forest land along the Hughes River. Each year 5 weeks of summer camp are conducted at Camp Kootaga. Camp Kootaga has 14 campsites.

The property known as Camp Kootaga was purchased in 1922 by Don B. Lowe under the Gim-O-Gash tribe of the Boy Scouts of America. The first long-term summer camp was held that year on the banks of the Hughes River in the Kootaga region. This camp consisted of one or two Troops from the Parkersburg area with Don B. Lowe as the Camp Director during the early years. In 1929 Col. R. L. Cole brought a Kiowa Indian named J. Dougannah to help with the camp program. He gave Indian names to the Leaders and named the Boy Scout camp "Kootaga" which means "Good Friends." Through the years, Camp Kootaga has gone through many changes, but one thing has remained constant: helping develop young men into upstanding citizens and outstanding individuals.

Camp Mahonegon, sitting of approximately 500 acres in Upshur County, is the second camp in the Allohak Council. Though no longer used as an active summer camp, Mahonegon has remained an active part of the council. It is used for many council events yearly, and continues to be a focal point for scouting activity. The First Summer Camp was held in 1948. The last Summer Camp was held in 1980. Camp Mahonegon was put up for sale when the Allohak Council was dissolved.

Buckeye Council
Buckeye Council serves Scouts in Ohio and West Virginia.

Buckskin Council
Buckskin Council serves Scouts in Scouts in Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia and West Virginia.

Organization
The council is divided into several districts:
 * Adena District
 * Chief Cornstalk District
 * Kootaga District
 * Mountain Dominion District
 * Seneca District
 * Shawnee District

Mountaineer Area Council
The Mountaineer Area Council serves Scouts of Monongalia, Marion, Preston, Taylor, Barbour, Tucker, Randolph, Upshur, Harrison, Doddridge, Gilmer, and Lewis counties in North Central West Virginia. It is the only council in the state to exclusively serve counties of West Virginia.

History
The Mountaineer Area Council (#615) was founded 1928.

January 1, 2019 included the acquisition of eight counties to the council's territory, to include twelve counties total. The former Stonewall Jackson and Highland Districts of the Allohak Council joined the Mountaineer Area Council after the dissolution of the Allohak Council.

Organization

 * Heart of West Virginia District serving Harrison, Marion, Doddridge, Gilmer, Lewis, and Taylor Counties
 * Cheat District serving Monongalia, Preston, Tucker, Barbour, Upshur, and Randolph Counties

Camps

 * Camp Mountaineer is located in Morgantown, WV. It is the summer camp for the Mountaineer Area Council. Opening in 1956, Camp Mountaineer is a premiere year-round camping facility encompassing over 1,000 acres of West Virginia foliage and fauna. Hidden in the hills of Monongalia County, this serene camp has a variety of campsites and program areas near picturesque Strawn Lake. The Summer Camps include Scouts BSA Resident Camp, Cub Scout Resident Camp, Cub Scout Day Camp, and High Adventure Camp for Scouts 13 and up. From the youngest Scouts, there is the Mountain Man program, advanced leadership building skills of the C.O.P.E. and High Adventure Programs. The state of the art Shooting Sports facilities with specialized rifle, shotgun and archery ranges, and two climbing & rappelling towers.
 * Camp Lynn is located at 39°30'22.8"N 79°52'21.0"W. It is 168 acres of rustic camping just 2.6 miles from Camp Mountaineer on Boy Scout Rd. Camp Lynn is remote with limited access by vehicle. With many natural streams, a large field, and hard wood and pine forests surrounding it, it is the perfect location for backpacking, trail excursions or primitive camping.

Order of the Arrow
Menawngihella Lodge #550

Ohio River Valley Council
Ohio River Valley Council serves Scouts in West Virginia and Ohio.

Districts

 * Two Chiefs serves Harrison County, OH, Jefferson County, OH, Brooke County, WV Hancock County, WV
 * National Trail serves Belmont County, OH, Ohio County, WV
 * Mountaineer serves Monroe County, OH, Marshall County, WV, Wetzel County, WV, Tyler County, WV

Camps

 * Fort Steuben Scout Reservation - Freeport, Ohio
 * Sandscrest Scout Reservation - Wheeling, WV

Order of the Arrow
Onondaga Lodge 36

Laurel Highlands Council
Laurel Highlands Council served Scouts in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.

Shenandoah Area Council
Shenandoah Area Council serves Scouts in Virginia and West Virginia.

Stonewall Jackson Area Council
Stonewall Jackson Area Council serves Scouts in the Shenandoah Valley and Charlottesville areas of Virginia and Pendleton County, West Virginia.

Organization
The council is part of Area 7 of the Southern Region of the BSA. The council service center is in Waynesboro, Virginia and employs seven paid professional Scouters and an office staff. SJAC is divided into four districts:
 * Massanutten District: Harrisonburg; Rockingham and Pendleton counties
 * Monticello District: Charlottesville; Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, Madison and Orange counties
 * Southern District: Buena Vista, Covington, Clifton Forge, Lexington; Alleghany, Bath and Rockbridge counties
 * Valley District: Staunton, Waynesboro; Augusta and Highland counties

Girl Scouting in West Virginia
There are two Girl Scout councils in West Virginia.

Girl Scout Council of the Nation's Capital
In October 2009 the old Shawnee Council of West Virginia joined with the Girl Scout Council of the Nation's Capital as part of the nationwide reorganization.

West Virginia Service Center: Martinsburg, West Virginia

Other Girl Scout Camps
The Girl Scouts Western Pennsylvania has Camp Roy Weller in Bruceton Mills, West Virginia. It is 792 acre and besides lodges and camping areas has the Eberly Family Learning Center.

Girl Scouts of Black Diamond Council
Girl Scouts of Black Diamond Council serves more than 20,000 girls in 61 counties in West Virginia, Ohio, Virginia, and Maryland.

Field Offices

 * Athens, Ohio - Appalachian Field Office shared with Girl Scouts - Seal of Ohio
 * Steubenville, Ohio
 * Beckley, WV
 * Bluefield, WV
 * Chapmanville, WV
 * Huntington, WV
 * Fairmont, WV
 * Lewisburg, WV
 * Morgantown, WV
 * Parkersburg, WV
 * Walton, WV
 * Weston, WV
 * Wheeling, WV

Camps

 * Camp Giscowheco in Triadelphia, West Virginia
 * Camp Sandy Bend in Elizabeth, West Virginia
 * Camp Mamie Flynn in Logan, West Virginia
 * Camp Rocky Ledges in Milton, West Virginia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Scouting in West Virginia


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Talk:Jackson County, South Dakota

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Sechrist, Robert P. BASIC GEOGRAPHIC AND HISTORIC DATA FOR INTERFACING ICPSR DATA SETS, 1620-1983 [UNITED STATES] [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Baton Rouge, LA: Robert P. Sechrist, Louisiana State University [producer], 1984. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.195.90.156 (talk) 02:48, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

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Talk:Jerauld County, South Dakota

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Talk:Jones County, South Dakota

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The year founded came from this source: Sechrist, Robert P. BASIC GEOGRAPHIC AND HISTORIC DATA FOR INTERFACING ICPSR DATA SETS, 1620-1983 [UNITED STATES] [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Baton Rouge, LA: Robert P. Sechrist, Louisiana State University [producer], 1984. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.195.90.156 (talk) 02:50, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

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Talk:Kingsbury County, South Dakota

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Talk:Lawrence County, South Dakota

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Controversy

 * See: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject South Dakota Otr500 (talk) 13:29, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

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User:Camembert/Canadians

Authors

 * Margaret Atwood - 78,200
 * Leonard Cohen - 109,000
 * Douglas Coupland - 22,400
 * Robertson Davies - 13,700
 * Arthur Hailey - 4,020
 * Todd McFarlane - 27,600

Business Personalities

 * Max Aitken - 879 (Lord Beaverbrook - 5,130)
 * Jack Kent Cooke - 4,790
 * Samuel Goldwyn - 21,800
 * Jack Warner - 13,000

Criminals

 * Clifford Olson - 1,660
 * Robert Pickton - 373

Humanitarians

 * Norman Bethune - 4,020

Inventors

 * Alexander Graham Bell - 78,800
 * James Gosling - 22,000
 * Rasmus Lerdorf - 39,500

Motion Pictures, Radio & Television

 * Pamela Anderson - 312,000
 * Dan Aykroyd - 56,400
 * James Cameron - 188,000
 * Graham Greene (actor from Dances with Wolves) - 64,800 (the vast majority about the author)
 * Phil Hartman - 22,900
 * Rick Moranis - 17,300
 * Keanu Reeves - 148,000
 * William Shatner - 78,900

Musicians

 * Bryan Adams - 166,000
 * Celine Dion - 409,000
 * Glenn Gould - 42,500
 * Don Messer - 1,660
 * Paul Shaffer - 8,540
 * Neil Young - 249,000

Political Leaders

 * Georges-Étienne Cartier - 805
 * Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine - 1,470
 * William Lyon Mackenzie - 6,010
 * Louis Riel - 14,800

Scholars
(whatever that means)
 * Marshall McLuhan - 43,400

Scientists

 * Frederick Banting - 6,030
 * Bertram Brockhouse - 458
 * David Suzuki - 28,000

Sports Personalities

 * Donovan Bailey - 9,710
 * Wayne Gretzky - 80,400
 * Ben Johnson - 51,000
 * Mario Lemieux - 50,400
 * Gilles Villeneuve - 33,000

Other Personalities

 * Linda Evangelista - 34,000
 * Joe Shuster - 5,930
 * Winnie the Pooh - 410,000 (Winnipeg the Bear - 27)

title: User:Camembert/Canadians


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Talk:Lincoln County, South Dakota

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Talk:Lyman County, South Dakota

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Talk:Marshall County, South Dakota

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Master race

The master race (Herrenrasse) is a pseudoscientific concept in Nazi ideology in which the putative "Aryan race" is deemed the pinnacle of human racial hierarchy. Members were referred to as "Herrenmenschen" ("master humans").

The Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg believed that the "Nordic race" was descended from Proto-Indo-Europeans, who he believed had pre-historically dwelt on the North German Plain and may have ultimately originated on the lost island of Atlantis. Rosenberg, Alfred, The Myth of the 20th Century. The term Atlantis is mentioned two times in the whole book; the term Atlantis-hypothesis is mentioned just once. Rosenberg (page 24): "It seems to be not completely impossible, that at parts where today the waves of the Atlantic ocean murmur and icebergs move along, once a blossoming land towered in the water, on which a creative race founded a great culture and sent its children as seafarers and warriors into the world; but if this Atlantis-hypothesis proves untenable, we still have to presume a prehistoric Nordic cultural center." Rosenberg (page 26): "The ridiculed hypothesis about a Nordic creative center, which we can call Atlantis – without meaning a sunken island – from where once waves of warriors migrated to all directions as first witnesses of Nordic longing for distant lands to conquer and create, today becomes probable." Original: "Es erscheint als nicht ganz ausgeschlossen, dass an Stellen, über die heute die Wellen des Atlantischen Ozeans rauschen und riesige Eisgebirge herziehen, einst ein blühendes Festland aus den Fluten ragte, auf dem eine schöpferische Rasse große, weitausgreifende Kultur erzeugte und ihre Kinder als Seefahrer und Krieger hinaussandte in die Welt; aber selbst wenn sich diese Atlantishypothese als nicht haltbar erweisen sollte, wird ein nordisches vorgeschichtliches Kulturzentrum angenommen werden müssen. ... Und deshalb wird die alte verlachte Hypothese heute Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass von einem nordischen Mittelpunkt der Schöpfung, nennen wir ihn, ohne uns auf die Annahme eines versunkenen atlantischen Erdteils festzulegen, die Atlantis, einst Kriegerschwärme strahlenförmig ausgewandert sind als erste Zeugen des immer wieder sich erneut verkörpernden nordischen Fernwehs, um zu erobern, zu gestalten." The Nazis declared that the Aryans were superior to all other races, and believed they were entitled to expand territorially. The actual policy that was implemented by the Nazis resulted in the Aryan certificate. This document, which was required by law for all citizens of the Reich, was the "Lesser Aryan certificate" (Kleiner Ariernachweis) and could be obtained through an Ahnenpass, which required the owner to trace their lineage through baptism, birth certificates, or certified proof thereof that all grandparents were of "Aryan descent".

The Slavs, Roma, and Jews were defined as being racially inferior and non-Aryan "Untermenschen", and were thus considered to be a danger to the Aryan or Germanic master race. According to the Nazi secret Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost, the Slavic population was to be removed from Central Europe through expulsion, enslavement, starvation, and extermination, except for a small percentage who were deemed to be non-Slavic descendants of Germanic settlers, and thus suitable for Germanisation.

Historical background
Early attempts to claim a racial division between "masters" and "slaves", or the belief that a nation's ruling class is biologically superior to its ruled subjects, were made in the 18th century. Henri de Boulainvilliers in his book History of the Ancient Government of France (published posthumously in 1727) tried to prove that in France, the nobility represented the descendants of the old Frankish ruling class, whereas the rest of the population was descended from the subject Gauls. Therefore, two qualitatively different races were confronting one another, and the only way to abolish the superiority of the Franks was to destroy their civilization. Classical liberal theorists such as Volney and Sieyès discredited this theory by showing that the French nobility consisted mostly of nouveaux riches who came from all parts of the country, and thus the idea of a racially pure Frankish lineage was fraudulent.

In 1855, French count Arthur de Gobineau published his infamous work An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races. Expanding upon Boulainvilliers' use of ethnography to defend the Ancien Régime against the claims of the Third Estate, Gobineau divides the human species into three major groupings, white, yellow and black, claiming to demonstrate that "history springs only from contact with the white races." Among the white races, he distinguishes the Aryan race as the pinnacle of human development, the basis of all European aristocracies. However, inevitable miscegenation led to the "downfall of civilizations".

Gobineau's influence was slight at first. In his letters to Alexis de Tocqueville, he complained that his book was being hushed up in France and was having a real effect only in the United States. Tocqueville, who rejected the book in spite of his friendship with Gobineau, pointed out to him that this was because the book was in accord with the slave owners' interests in the Southern states. However, in the 1880s the book gained popularity in Germany thanks to the efforts of Cosima Wagner. In 1899, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a Germanophile Englishman and Cosima Wagner's son-in-law, published The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century. Expanding upon Gobineau's earlier theories, he argued that Western civilization is deeply marked by the influence of the Teutonic peoples. Chamberlain grouped all European peoples—not just Germans, but Celts, Slavs, Greeks, and Latins—into the "Aryan race", a race built on the ancient Proto-Indo-European culture. At the helm of the Aryan race, and, indeed, all races, he saw the Nordic or Teutonic peoples.

The "Übermensch" (German) ("Overman" or "Superman") is a concept in the philosophy of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche—he posited the "Übermensch" as a goal for humanity to set for itself in his 1883 book Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Also Sprach Zarathustra). However, Nietzsche never developed the concept on racial grounds. Instead, the "Übermensch" "seems to be the ideal aim of spiritual development more than a biological goal". Nazism distorted the concept's real meaning in order to make it fit its 'master race' view.

By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was postulated that Indo-Europeans (who were generally referred to as "Aryans") made up the highest branch of humanity because their civilization was the most technologically advanced. This reasoning was simultaneously intertwined with Nordicism, which proclaimed that the "Nordic race" was the "purest" form of the Aryan race. Today, this view is regarded as a form of scientific racism and contradicts the belief in racial equality by advocating the view that one race is superior to all other races.

Eugenics
Eugenics came to play a prominent role in this racial thought as a way to improve and maintain the purity of the Aryan master race. Eugenics was a concept adhered to by many thinkers in the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s, such as Margaret Sanger, Marie Stopes, H. G. Wells, Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, Madison Grant, Émile Zola, George Bernard Shaw, John Maynard Keynes, John Harvey Kellogg, Linus Pauling, and Sidney Webb.

In 1908, the first "Better Babies" competition was held at the Louisiana State Fair. Babies were judged using standards pertaining to livestock: height, weight, unblemished skin, well-formed fingers, lack of unnecessary fat, and cooperative behavior. The purpose was to develop child-breeding health standards. At the Kansas State Fair beginning in 1920, a "Fitter Family" contest, sponsored by the American Eugenics Society's Committee on Popular Education, family members had to submit an "Abridged Record of Family Traits" and were then administered physical and psychological examinations to determine their "fitness", or eugenic health. Contestants received letter grades and the winners – almost always white and of Western and Northern European background – were awarded trophies. Some years later, contestants in the Miss America contest beginning in 1935 were required to be "of the white race" and had to submit a detailed account of their ancestry; those who had backgrounds connecting them to the Pilgrims' arrival on the Mayflower or the American Revolutionary War received an advantage.

The Nazis took this concept to an extreme by establishing a program to systematically genetically enhance the Nordic Aryans themselves through a program of Nazi eugenics, based on the eugenics laws of the US state of California, to create a super race.

Hierarchy
The modern concept of the master race is generally derived from a 19th-century racial theory, which posited a hierarchy of races that was based on darkness of skin colour. This 19th-century concept was initially developed by Count Joseph Arthur De Gobineau. Gobineau's basic concept, as further refined and developed in Nazism, placed black Indigenous Australians and Equatorial Africans at the bottom of the hierarchy, while white Northern and Western Europeans (which consisted of Germans, Swedes, Icelanders, Norwegians, Danes, British, Irish, Dutch, Belgian and Northern French) were placed at its top; olive skinned white Southern Europeans (who consisted of Southern French, Portuguese, Spaniards, Italians, Romanians, and Greeks, i.e., those who were called the Mediterranean race, were regarded as another sub-race of the Caucasian race) and placed in its upper middle ranks; and the Semitic and Hamitic races (supposed sub-races of the Caucasian race) were placed in its lower-middle ranks (because the Jews, were Semites, the Nazis believed their cleverness made them extremely dangerous—they had their own plan for Jewish world domination, a conspiracy which needed to be opposed by all thoughtful Aryans). Slavs such as Poles and Russians were not considered Aryans; and neither were the members of the Mongoloid race (including its offshoots such as Malayans, American Indians) and mixed-race people such as Eurasians, the bronze Mestizos, Mulattos, Afro-Asians, and Zambos were placed in its lower middle ranks. However, the Japanese were considered honorary Aryans.

In their attempt to scientifically prove the racial inferiority of Slavs, German (and Austrian) racial scientists were forced to gloss over their findings which consistently proved that Early Slavs were dolicocephalic and fair haired, i.e., "Nordic", while the South Slavic "Dinaric" sub-race was often viewed favourable. Nazis used the term "Slavic race", and considered Slavs to be non-Aryan. The concept of a Slavic "Untermensch" accompanied their political goals, and it was particularly aimed at Poles and Russians. Germany's immediate goal was Drang nach Osten or expansion into the East, which was the first phase in its ultimate plan to conquer Europe, and Ukraine's "chernozem" (black earth) soil was regarded as a particularly desirable zone for colonization by the "Herrenvolk" ("master people").

In relation to the Nazis' belief in racial purity, author and historian Lucy Dawidowicz wrote:

"In the hierarchy of Nazi racism, the 'Aryans' were the superior race, destined to rule the world after the destruction of their racial arch-foe, the Jews. The lesser races over whom the Germans would rule included the Slavs — Poles, Russians, Ukrainians. ... Hitler's racial policy with regard to the Slavs, to the extent that it was formulated, was 'depopulation.' The Slavs were to be prevented from procreating, except to provide the necessary continuing supply of slave laborers.'"

Origins and context
In the United States, the concept of 'master race' arose within the context of master-slave race relations in the slavery-based society of historical America – particularly in the South in the mid-19th century. It was based upon both the experience of slavery and the pseudo-scientific justifications for racial slavery, but also on the relations between whites in the South and North, particularly during the American Civil War.

First occurrences
Benjamin W. Leigh, representing Virginia in the United States Senate, said in a speech of January 19, 1836: "There has been in Virginia as earnest a desire to abolish slavery as exists any where at this day. It commenced with the Revolution, and many of our ablest and most influential men were active in recommending it, and in devising plans for the accomplishment of it. The Legislature encouraged and facilitated emancipation by the owners, and many slaves were so emancipated. The leaning of the courts of justice was always in favorem libertatis. This disposition continued until the impracticability of effecting a general emancipation, without incalculable mischief to the master race, and danger of utter destruction to the other, and the evils consequent on partial emancipations, became too obvious to the Legislature, and to the great majority of the people, to be longer disregarded."

The Oxford English Dictionary records that William J. Grayson used the phrase "master race" in his poem The Hireling and the Slave (1855): For these great ends hath Heaven’s supreme command Brought the black savage from his native land, Trains for each purpose his barbarian mind, By slavery tamed, enlightened, and refined; Instructs him, from a master-race, to draw Wise modes of polity and forms of law, Imbues his soul with faith, his heart with love, Shapes all his life by dictates from above

where the phrase denotes the relation between the white masters and negro slaves.

By 1860 Virginian author George Fitzhugh was using the "challenging phrase 'master race', which soon came to mean considerably more than the ordinary master-slave relationship". Fitzhugh, along with a number of southern writers, used the term to differentiate Southerners from Northerners, based on the dichotomy that Southerners were supposedly descendants of Normans / Cavaliers whereas Northerners were descendants of Anglo-Saxons / Puritans.

Uses of the concept
In 1861, the Southern press bragged that Northern soldiers would "encounter a master race" and knowledge of this fact would cause Northern soldiers' "knees to tremble". The Richmond Whig in 1862 proclaimed that "the master race of this continent is found in the southern states", and in 1863 the Richmond Examiner stated that "there are slave races born to serve, master races born to govern".

In the works of John H. Van Evrie, a Northern supporter of the Confederacy, the term was interchangeable with white supremacy, notably in White Supremacy and Negro Subordination, Or, Negroes a Subordinate Race and (so-called) slavery its normal condition (1861). In Subgeneation: the theory of the normal relations of the races; an answer to miscegenation (1864) Van Evrie created the words "subgen" to describe what he considered to be the "inferior races" and "subgeneation" to describe the ‘normal’ relation of such inferior races to whites, something which he considered to be the "very corner-stone of  democracy"; but these words never entered the dictionary.

The racial term Untermensch originates from the title of Klansman Lothrop Stoddard's 1922 book The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Under-man. It was later adopted by the Nazis from that book's German version Der Kulturumsturz: Die Drohung des Untermenschen (1925). An advocate of the U.S. immigration laws that favored Northern Europeans, Stoddard wrote primarily on the alleged dangers posed by "coloured" peoples to white civilization, with his most famous book The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy in 1920. Alfred Rosenberg was the leading Nazi who attributed the concept of the East-European "under man" to Stoddard. As the Nazi Party's chief racial theorist, Rosenberg oversaw the construction of a human racial "ladder" that justified Hitler's racial and ethnic policies. Referring to Russian communists, Rosenbeg wrote in his Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts (1930) that "this is the kind of human being that Lothrop Stoddard has called the 'under man.'" ["...den Lothrop Stoddard als 'Untermenschen' bezeichnete."]

Nordicism
The origins of the Nazi version of the master race theory were in the 19th-century racial theories of Count Joseph Arthur De Gobineau, who argued that cultures degenerated when distinct races mixed. It was believed at this time that the peoples of Southern Europe were racially mixed with the non-European Moors from across the Mediterranean Sea, while the peoples of Northern Europe and Western Europe remained pure. Proponents of the Nordicism further argued that Nordic peoples had developed an innate toughness and determination due to the harsh, challenging climate in which they evolved.

The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer was one of the earliest proponents of a theory presenting a hierarchical racial model of history, attributing civilisational primacy to the "white races" who gained their sensitivity and intelligence by refinement in the rigorous north.

"The highest civilisation and culture, apart from the Ancient Indians and Egyptians, are found exclusively among the white races; and even with many dark peoples, the ruling caste or race is fairer in colour than the rest and has, therefore, evidently immigrated, for example, the Brahmins, the Incas, and the rulers of the South Sea Islands. All this is because necessity is the mother of invention because those tribes that emigrated early to the north and there gradually became white, had to develop all their intellectual powers and invent and perfect all the arts in their struggle with need, want and misery, which in their many forms were brought about by the climate. This they had to do in order to make up for the parsimony of nature and out of it all came their high civilisation."

Despite this, he was adamantly against differing treatment of races, was fervently anti-slavery, supporting the abolitionist movement in the United States. He describes the treatment of "[our] innocent black brothers whom force and injustice have delivered into [the slave master's] devilish clutches" as "belonging to the blackest pages of mankind's criminal record".

Hans Frank, Hitler's personal lawyer, stated that Hitler carried a copy of Schopenhauer's book The World as Will and Representation with him wherever he went throughout World War I.

The postulated superiority of these people was said to make them born leaders, or a "master race". Other authors included Guido von List, his associate Lanz von Liebenfels, and the British-born German racial theorist Houston Stewart Chamberlain, all of whom felt that the white race in general, and Germanic peoples in particular, were superior to others, given the purification of both the white race and the German people from the other races which were "polluting" them, a new millenarian age of Aryan god-men would arrive.

Nazi policy stressed the superiority of the Germanic "Übermenschen" ("superhuman") Nordic race, a sub-race of the white Caucasian race European population defined by anthropometric models of racial difference. The Nordic race was said to comprise only of the Germanic peoples: Scandinavians and the rest of the Nordic countries (Norwegians, Swedes, Danes, Icelanders, and Faroese), ethnic Germans (including Austrians, Banat Swabians, as well as Sudeten, Baltic and Volga Germans), Alemannic Swiss, Liechtensteiners, Luxembourgers, the Dutch, Flemings, Afrikaners, Frisians and the English.

The Nazi racial theorist Hans F. K. Günther first defined "Nordic thought" in his programmatic book Der Nordische Gedanke unter den Deutschen. The fact that Germans were not purely Nordic was acknowledged by Günther in his book Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes ("Racial Science of the German People") from 1922, in which he described the German people as being made up of all five of his European racial categories: Nordic, Mediterranean, Dinaric, Alpine, and East Baltic. Most official Nazi comments on the Nordic race were based on Günther's works, and Alfred Rosenberg presented Günther with a medal for his work in anthropology.

Although the physical ideal of these racial theorists was typically the tall, fair-haired, and light-eyed Nordic individual, such theorists accepted the fact that a considerable variety of hair and eye colour existed within the racial categories they recognised. For example, Adolf Hitler and many Nazi officials had dark hair and were still considered members of the Aryan race under Nazi racial doctrine, because the determination of an individual's racial type depended on a preponderance of many characteristics in an individual rather than on just one defining feature.

Hitler and Himmler planned to use the SS as the basis for the racial "regeneration" of Europe following the final victory of Nazism. The SS was to be a racial elite chosen on the basis of "pure" Nordic qualities.

Giuseppe Sergi (1841–1936) was an Italian anthropologist of the early twentieth century, best known for his opposition to Nordicism in his books on the racial identity of ancient Mediterranean peoples. His concept of the Mediterranean race became important to the modelling of racial difference in the early twentieth century.

Aryanism and Nazism
The term Aryan is derived from the Sanskrit word (ā́rya), which is derived from arya, the original Indo-Iranian autonym. Also, the word Iran (from Middle Persian Ērān, "the Ērs") is the Persian word for [the land/place of] the Aryans.

Following the ideas of Gobineau and others, the Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg determined that these people, who, he claimed, were originally from Atlantis, were a dynamic warrior people who dwelt in northern climates on the North German Plain in prehistoric times, from which they migrated southeast by riding their chariots, eventually reaching Ukraine, Iran, and then India. They were supposed to be the ancestors of the ancient Germanic tribes, who shared their warrior values. Rosenberg opposed Christianity because to him, it was an alien Semitic slave-morality which was inappropriate for the warrior Aryan master race and in its place, he supported a melange of aspects of Hindu Vedic and Zoroastrian teachings (both of these religions were organised by Aryans), along with pre-Christian European Odinistic paganism, which he also considered distinctively Aryan in character.

In Nazi Germany, the Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 forbade sexual relations and marriage between an "Aryan" and a "non-Aryan" in order to maintain the purity of the Aryan race. Such relations became a punishable crime which was known as Rassenschande or "racial shame". The League of German Girls was particularly required to instruct girls to avoid Rassenschande because according to Nazism, maintaining racial purity was particularly important for young females. Aryans found guilty of this crime could face incarceration in a concentration camp, while non-Aryans could even face the death penalty. The Nazis recognized the Germanic people as the master race, and several policies were implemented in order to improve and maintain the Germanic-Nordic ubermenschen Aryan "master race," including the practice of eugenics. In order to eliminate "defective" citizens and rid the country of the intellectually disabled or those who were born with genetic deficiencies, as well as those who were deemed racially inferior, the T-4 Euthanasia Program was administered by Karl Brandt, one of Hitler's personal physicians. Additionally, a program of compulsory sterilisation was also implemented and as a result of it, forced operations were performed on hundreds of thousands of individuals. Many of these policies are generally seen as being related to what eventually became known as the Holocaust.

The Nazis also undertook measures to increase the number of Nordics in Germany. The Lebensborn program was only open to German women who fit the Nordic profile. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, the Nazis took young Nordic-looking Polish children who were classified as being descended from ethnic German settlers in order to determine whether or not they were "racially valuable". If that were the case, the young children were taken back to these Lebensborn houses so they could be raised as Germans.

In Nazi Germany, the Aryan certificate was an official document which certified that its owner was an Aryan. Aryan certificates could also be obtained by citizens of other countries. In its section which is titled Racial Tenet (Rassegrundsatz), the Aryan certificate states:

"In line with national socialist thinking which does full justice to all other peoples, there is never the expression of superior or inferior, but alien racial admixtures."

For the "Greater Aryan certificate" Germans had to prove that as far back as January 1, 1800 "none of their paternal nor their maternal ancestors had Jewish or coloured blood". SS officers had to prove this reaching back to 1750.

During a speech he made in 1936, Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels said:

"Today arises in young and old, high and low, poor and rich, the will that the German nation must again be a world people. All of us are convinced of it: we must participate in the ruling of the world. We must become a master race, and therefore we must educate our people to be a master race. This must begin with the smallest child, who must be educated in this master-ethic."

In 1943, Reichskommissar for Ukraine Erich Koch reminded Germans:

"We are a master race, which must remember that the lowliest German worker is racially and biologically a thousand times more valuable than the population here."

Yamato and Japan
During the Meiji era, a sense of superiority over other Asians existed in the Japanese society, with discrimination being enacted against even against racial minorities such as the Ryūkyū and Ainu peoples. In July 1943, promotion of Yamato racial superiority was further affirmed by the Japanese government with the publishing of An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus.

Mediterranean race
The claim that the Mediterranean race was responsible for the most important of ancient Western civilisations was a problem for the promoters of Nordic superiority. According to Giuseppe Sergi, the Mediterranean race was the "greatest race of the world" and was singularly responsible for the most accomplished civilisations of ancient times, including those of Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Greece, Phoenicia, Carthage, and Rome. The Mediterranean race was also a major influence to the outside world in the modern era: during the 16th century, Spain and Portugal established the first global empires in Western history, placing both nations on the highest level of political and economic powers in Europe.

Charles Gabriel Seligman also stated that "it must, I think, be recognised that the Mediterranean race has actually more achievements to its credit than any other race, since it is responsible for by far the greater part of Mediterranean civilisation, certainly before 1000 BC (and probably much later), and so shaped not only the Aegean cultures, but those of Western as well as the greater part of Eastern Mediterranean lands, while the culture of their near relatives, the Hamitic pre-dynastic Egyptians, formed the basis of that of Egypt."

The Nazis explained this by pointing out that the original Latins and Greeks were Indo-European Nordic tribes which had migrated into Italy and Greece, during the Iron Age era. The Nazis also claimed that the Spanish and Portuguese Empires were examples of Nordic power since, at the time, their governments were run by the descendants of the Germanic Visigoths who invaded Spain and Portugal fifteen centuries earlier. However, they did admit that the masses of people who lived during the flowering of these four civilizations were Mediterranean. This led to Germans of all European races to be classified as Aryans.

Cultural influences
Aryan master race ideology was common throughout the educated intellectual community and literate strata of the Western world until the post-World War II era. Such theories were commonplace in early-20th century fantasy literature.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the original Buck Rogers stories and newspaper cartoons, Buck Rogers, in his adventures in the 25th century that takes place on Earth, depicts him fighting for Aryan-Americans from the liberated zone around Niagara, New York, against the Red Mongol Empire, a Chinese empire of the future which rules most of North America.

In the 1930s, both educational and storybooks for children in Germany taught their readers about the master race. In the Sun Koh science fiction series, the protagonist Koh says things like "My forefathers were Aryan", and in a story about Atlantis, he says, "If our Atlantis once again rises out of the sea, then we will get from there the blond, steel-hard men with the pure blood and will create with them the master race, which will finally rule the earth." The German writer Michael Ende, who was born in 1929 and grew up reading such books, wrote his classic novel Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver in the 1950s, as a way of opposing the Nazi propaganda he was taught as a child. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung writer Julia Voss wrote a book on Jim Button, uncovering Ende's many references to Nazi symbols in that book. Voss shows how Ende upends the Nazi belief that Atlantis was the original home of the Aryan race by creating his own submerged city and making it rise, but not to restore Aryan master-race rule over the Earth, rather it becomes a multi-racial paradise with Jim Button, who is black and a descendant of the Magi Caspar, as its king.

In the 1948 film Rope by Alfred Hitchcock, one of the central characters, Brandon Shaw, is a firm believer in the master race ideology.

In the Doctor Who series, the Doctor's frequent enemies, the Daleks, consider themselves a master race which must purge the universe of all other life forms; Terry Nation explicitly modeled them on the Nazis. In the 2009 special "The End of Time", when the Master transforms the entire human race into copies of himself, he claims that there is no human race, but only "the Master race".

In the Harry Potter series, while the parallels were not originally intentional, there is much similarity between Lord Voldemort's "pureblood" ideology and the master race ideology of the Nazis, with wizards being "pure" and anyone with Muggle (non-wizard) blood being considered "half-blood" or "mudblood", a word used and treated the same way a racial slur would be in the real world (Neo-Nazis call non-white people mud people).

In the film Lethal Weapon 2, the Master Race is a criminal organization of corrupt Afrikaner diplomatic officials from South Africa, led by South African consul-general in Los Angeles namef Arjen Rudd that smuggles illegal gold krugerrands into the United States of America via Los Angeles Harbor.

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Talk:Mellette County, South Dakota

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Talk:Minnehaha County, South Dakota

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Is the history section really neccessary or should we actually put the history of the county on here, instead of that one historical census data number? --Atilla5 (talk) 04:31, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

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Talk:Moody County, South Dakota

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Talk:Pennington County, South Dakota

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Talk:Perkins County, South Dakota

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Scouting in Maryland

Scouting in Maryland has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving millions of youth with activities that have adapted to the changing cultural environment but have always been rooted in an active outdoor program.

Early history (1910-1950)

Scouting in Maryland dates back to the earliest days of the movement. Robert S. Garrett (1875-1961) was among the twenty-five men who organized the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America in 1910. Mr. Garrett was a Baltimore civic leader, prominent philanthropist, explorer and Olympic champion. Named in the federal charter of 1916, Mr. Garrett served on the BSA National Executive Board from 1912 to 1919 and remained a member of the National Council until his death. He was one of the original nine Baltimore recipients of the Silver Beaver Award in 1931.

The first seven Scout Troops in Baltimore were granted charters by Scout Commissioner H. Laurance Eddy (1884-1962) on September 9, 1910. (Eddy's role as Scout Commissioner was the combined predecessor to the roles of Council Commissioner and Council Scout Executive.) A month prior, Robert Garrett and Laurance Eddy ensured that a patrol of eight Scouts from Mount Washington Troop 1 (organized earlier that summer) attended the first National Boy Scout camp held at Silver Bay on Lake George.

The Maryland Council of Boy Scouts of America was duly incorporated on May 9, 1911. The initial board of directors was composed of Robert Garrett, William H. Morris, James Carey, Jr., Frank Smith and Stuart S. Janney. The first Scout headquarters was at 512 Continental Trust Building (now One Calvert Plaza.) Almost immediately, the council was referred to as the “Baltimore Council.” From 1911 through 1921, the Baltimore Council operated as a department of the Baltimore Social Service Corporation, sharing a finance director, advisory board and other office support with the Public Athletic League, the Social Workers’ Bureau and other Garrett-supported civic endeavors.

The Frostburg Council was founded in 1917 and closed in 1919.

By 1917, the Baltimore Council provided less support beyond Central Maryland as local councils were created in Frostburg, Westminster, Salisbury and Frederick.

The Westminster Council was founded in 1917 and closed in 1919.

The Salisbury Council was founded in 1917 and closed in 1921.

The Frederick Council (#222) was founded in 1917 and changed its name in 1921 to the Frederick County Council (#732) in 1926. In 1928 it changed its name again to the Francis Scott Key Council (#732) and finally merged with the Washington DC Council (#732) in 1930.

The Washington DC Council (#082) was founded in 1913 and changed its name in 1937 to the National Capital Area Council (#082) in 1926.

The Baltimore Area Council (#220) was incorporated on May 9, 1911 as the Maryland Council but immediately referred to as the Baltimore Council (#220). The Bal􀆟more Council was first referred to as the Baltimore Area Council beginning in 1926.

The Washington County Council (#221) was founded in 1927 and changed its name in 1939 to the Washington Area Council (#221) in 1939. In 1956 it changed its name again to the Mason-Dixon Council (#221).

The Cumberland Council (#757) was founded 1926. In 1938 it changed its name to the Potomac Council (#757), It merged in 2014 with Laurel Highlands Council.

The Order of the Arrow Nentico Lodge was established in 1922 by E. Urner Goodman. The 1923 National Order of the Arrow Lodge Meeting was held at Baltimore, Maryland. In the early 1920s, there were several camps named Rodney in the Delmarva area. However, the current Rodney Scout Reservation was established in 1921. In Severna Park, was Camp Linstead, the camp of Nentico Lodge in its early years.

Boy Scouts of America
There are currently six Boy Scouts of America (BSA) local councils serving the youth of Maryland. All the councils are within the Northeast Region of the BSA.

Baltimore Area Council
Baltimore Area Council partners with approximately 800 community-based organizations providing programs to more than 35,000 youth each year. Baltimore Area Council operates three full service Scout Shops either directly or thru license with the National Council, Boy Scouts of America in Baltimore City, Hanover and Whiteford in Harford County, Maryland.

In 2008, Baltimore Area Council announced ten top initiative programs to highlight the Boy Scouts of America 100th Anniversary in 2010. The Top Ten Initiatives are: Star-Spangled Camporee at Fort McHenry and surrounding City Parks, Scout Sunday And Sabbath, Anniversary Black Tie Gala, Gathering of Eagles, Flag Ceremonies, the 100 Great Moments in Baltimore Area Scouting History, Birthday Card Contest, Scouting Mural/Mosaic Project and the 100th Anniversary Service Project.

In February 2009, the Star-Spangled Banner Flag or the Great Garrison Flag (also known as the 15 Star Flag) was officially adopted as the Official U.S. Flag of the Baltimore Area Council by authority of the Council Executive Board. A public ceremony was conducted on February 8, 2009, on the occasion of the 99th Anniversary of the incorporation of the Boy Scouts of America in Washington, D.C., by William D. Boyce, a Chicago publisher. Representatives of Scout Units, Districts, the Council and the public were on hand to commemorate the adoption at the Shapiro Scout Service Center. This was done in anticipation of the bicentennial commemoration at Fort McHenry in 2014 of the battle which inspired Francis Scott Key to write his inspirational poem which later became the national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner.

Organization
The Baltimore Area Council includes seven districts:
 * Arrowhead District (Baltimore County West of Falls Road)
 * Carroll District (Carroll County)
 * Fort McHenry District (Baltimore City)
 * Gunpowder Falls District (Baltimore County East of Falls Road)
 * Harford District (Harford District)
 * National Pike District (Howard County)
 * River Hawk District (Anne Arundel County)

Camps

Broad Creek Memorial Scout Reservation (commonly called "Broad Creek") consists of two separate camps. Camp Saffran focuses on Scouts BSA and Venture Scouts. Camp Spencer focus on Cub Scouts. A third camp, Camp Oest, was also focused on Cub Scouts before being combined with Camp Spencer; the name is still used as "Camp Oest at Camp Spencer". Lake Straus was formed in the 1940s when Susquehanna River tributary Broad Creek was dammed. The facilities at the reservation that are "used by more than 20,000 boys and adults every year."

Del-Mar-Va Council
Del-Mar-Va Council serves Scouts in Delaware and the eastern shore portions (east of the Chesapeake Bay) of Maryland and Virginia.

Rodney Scout Reservation, also known as Camp Rodney or simply RSR, is a Scouts BSA camp located near North East, Maryland. Along with Henson Scout Reservation, it is one of the two main Scout camps in the Del-Mar-Va Council. Covering 900 acre including the Bull Mountain Wilderness Area, it shares a long border with the woodlands of Elk Neck State Park. Along with Broad Creek Reservation, Rodney has placed much of its land into conservation easements for permanent legal protection from residential or commercial development. A number of facilities and campsites directly overlook the Chesapeake Bay which is used for an active aquatics program.

Laurel Highlands Council
Laurel Highlands Council serves youth in the Pittsburgh and surrounding areas, Allegany and Garrett Counties in Maryland and Mineral, Hampshire, Hardy, and Grant Counties in West Virginia.

National Capital Area Council

The National Capital Area Council (NCAC) is a local council within the Northeast Region and serves Scouts in the Washington, D.C., Maryland, Virginia, and the United States Virgin Islands. The council offers extensive training, and administrative support to units. It is rated as a "Class 100" council by the National Council (headquarters office), which denotes that the NCAC is among the very largest in the country. Chartered in 1911, it is also one of the oldest. The council is divided into 23 districts serving ten counties in Northern Virginia, six counties in Maryland, the District of Columbia, and the US Virgin Islands. The council has a 2.5 to 1 ratio of youth members to adult leaders, which is among the highest of all the councils. The youth retention rate approaches 80%.

Chester County Council
The Chester County Council serves Chester County, Pennsylvania and part of Cecil County, Maryland in that state's northeast corner. It is one of the oldest councils in the nation. The Council's Camp Horseshoe straddles the Mason–Dixon line between these two counties.

Mason-Dixon Council
The Mason-Dixon Council serves southern Franklin and Fulton Counties in Pennsylvania and neighboring Washington County in Maryland.

Sinoquipe Scout Reservation (Sinoquipe means Builder of Men) is a remote 500 acre forested mountain facility with a 10 acre lake located in the rural area two miles (3 km) from the village of Fort Littleton, Pennsylvania in Fulton County. It is located 120 mi from Baltimore, 115 mi from DC, and 65 mi from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

On July 11, 2023, the Mason-Dixon Council voted to merge into the Shenandoah Area Council based in Winchester, Virginia.

Organization
The Mason Dixon Council is made up of three districts:
 * Great Cove District - Fulton County, PA
 * Washington County District - Washington County, MD
 * Tuscarora District - Franklin County, PA

Order of the Arrow
The Order of the Arrow lodge for the Mason-Dixon Council is Guneukitschik Lodge No. 317.

Girl Scouts of the USA
Four Girl Scout Councils serve Maryland but only one is headquartered in the state.

Girl Scouts of Black Diamond Council
Serves Maryland girls in Garrett County.

Girl Scouts of Central Maryland
The only council with headquarters in Maryland, it serves over 30,000 girls in Baltimore City, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford and Howard Counties.

It originated the Girl Scouts Beyond Bars program that tries to maintain ties between female prisoners and their daughters by having them participate in Girl Scouts. The program has been replicated in some 25 other Girl Scout Councils.

Girl Scouts of the Chesapeake Bay Council
Serves Maryland girls on the Delmarva Peninsula.

Girl Scout Council of the Nation's Capital
This council supports girls in several Maryland counties: Calvert, Charles, Montgomery, Prince George's, Frederick, St. Mary's, Allegany, and Washington.

International Scouting in Maryland
An international Polish Scout Jamboree with several thousand participants took place in Maryland in the summer of 2006, composed primarily of Scouts-in-Exile from Canada and the United States. It was held at Baltimore Area Council's camp at Broad Creek Scout Reservation in an area known as Camp Spencer.

title: Scouting in Maryland


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Talk:Roberts County, South Dakota

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Talk:Sanborn County, South Dakota

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Talk:Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota

Help
Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. Counties standards might help. -- unsigned by user:Ram-Man at 02:27, 14 October 2002.

Prohibition
"taxes on alcohol consumed within the county go to other counties." - that's not the point of being a dry county... it is illegal to consume alcohol on the reservation at all. -- unsigned by 156.33.81.147 at 15:51, 11 August 2006.

 * This should be fixed also in List of dry communities by U.S. state. --BjKa (talk) 08:49, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

Consulting the map at "dry county", this county seems to be the only dry county in SD, and the only county with total prohibition of alcoholic beverages north of Kansas. I find this quite noteworthy and think it should be mentioned in the article. Unfortunately said map mentions no sources for SD's counties. --BjKa (talk) 08:49, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

Politics Section
The politics section has a long, opaque screed sourced only with a reference to some political discussion board. I'm no expert here, but is that appropriate for Wikipedia? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.183.181.124 (talk) 13:03, 16 October 2014 (UTC)

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Life expectancy
The life expectancy for Oglala Lakota County is said to be 66. But the life expectancy for Pine Ridge Indian Reservation is listed as 48 and 52 (in 2007). This is a very wide disparity.Naddruf (talk) 16:02, 2 June 2019 (UTC)

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Talk:Spink County, South Dakota

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Talk:Stanley County, South Dakota

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Talk:Sully County, South Dakota

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Talk:Todd County, South Dakota

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Talk:Tripp County, South Dakota

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Talk:Turner County, South Dakota

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Talk:Union County, South Dakota

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Talk:Walworth County, South Dakota

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Talk:Yankton County, South Dakota

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Talk:Ziebach County, South Dakota

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Talk:Anderson County, Tennessee

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The total population in 2005 is 72,430

Buffalo
Does anyone live in Buffalo? When I drove through there a few years ago, I only saw a couple of abandoned buildings. Bms4880 (talk) 15:40, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

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Famous People from Anderson County?
I was wondering if there were any celebrities or other famous people who were born and raised in Anderson County? Zimm3479 (talk) 15:17, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

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Talk:Bedford County, Tennessee

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Talk:Benton County, Tennessee

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Talk:Bledsoe County, Tennessee

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Talk:Blount County, Tennessee

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Talk:Bradley County, Tennessee

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Orphaned references in Bradley County, Tennessee
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Bradley County, Tennessee's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "TDOT": From South Cleveland, Tennessee:  From Tennessee State Route 60:  From Tennessee State Route 312:  From Tennessee State Route 74:  From Tennessee State Route 308:  From Special routes of U.S. Route 11:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 09:42, 13 November 2017 (UTC)

History
I've noticed that the History section is rather short. Anyone wanna help fix this? Chewie1138 (talk) 20:02, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bradley County, Tennessee


text:
Talk:Rockwall County, Texas

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title: Talk:Rockwall County, Texas


text:
Talk:Cochran County, Texas

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I have just modified 4 one external links on Cochran County, Texas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx to http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061612/https://sites.google.com/site/photosbyleaflet/home/photos-of-the-llano-estacado to https://sites.google.com/site/photosbyleaflet/home/photos-of-the-llano-estacado

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External links modified
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I have just modified 3 external links on Cochran County, Texas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140516154641/http://www.tabc.state.tx.us/local_option_elections/index.asp to http://www.tabc.state.tx.us/local_option_elections/index.asp
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://factfinder2.census.gov/

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title: Talk:Cochran County, Texas


text:
Talk:Coke County, Texas

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Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. Counties standards might help. talk:Maile66|talk]]) 00:00, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

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I have just modified 3 one external links on Coke County, Texas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx to http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov

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I need a coke
Im thirsty after coming here. I need a coke! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pilot0674 (talk • contribs) 02:50, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coke County, Texas


text:
Talk:Coleman County, Texas

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I have just modified 3 one external links on Coleman County, Texas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx to http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov

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title: Talk:Coleman County, Texas