text:
Brockton, Montana

Brockton is a census-designated place and former town in Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 358 at the 2020 census.

Brockton's first post office was established in 1904. Fort Peck Indian Reservation was opened to non-Native settlers in 1913 and the town boomed. It was incorporated in 1952, and was disincorporated on January 23, 2018.

Geography
Brockton is located at 48.14944°N, -104.91639°W (48.149531, -104.916383).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.23 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Wolf Point 29 ENE is a weather station located roughly 12 miles (19.3 km) northwest of Brockton. Wolf Point 29 ENE has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), bordering on a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk).

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 255 people, 70 households, and 61 families residing in the town. The population density was 1108.7 PD/sqmi. There were 77 housing units at an average density of 334.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 3.9% White and 96.1% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 70 households, of which 65.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.6% were married couples living together, 42.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 15.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 12.9% were non-families. 11.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.64 and the average family size was 3.84.

The median age in the town was 22.4 years. 39.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 15.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.4% were from 45 to 64; and 6.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 245 people, 67 households, and 59 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,285.7 PD/sqmi. There were 72 housing units at an average density of 377.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 13.06% White, 84.90% Native American, 0.41% Pacific Islander, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.22% of the population.

There were 67 households, out of which 47.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 37.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.9% were non-families. 9.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.66 and the average family size was 3.85.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 42.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $19,167, and the median income for a family was $19,167. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,231. About 43.5% of families and 50.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 85.7% of those 65 or over.

Transportation
Amtrak’s Empire Builder, which operates between Seattle/Portland and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in Wolf Point, 35 mi to the west.

Education
Brockton School District educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. The team name for Brockton High School is the Warriors.

title: Brockton, Montana


text:
Culbertson, Montana

Culbertson is a town in Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 753 at the 2020 census.

History
Culbertson was created in June 1887 following the arrival of the Great Northern Railway, then known as the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway. The town was named after Major Alexander Culbertson, former head of the American Fur Company's Fort Union, 23 mi to the east.

The settlement of Culbertson followed hard on the heels of the 1886-87 watershed years for the early cattle industry. As a result, the first settlers in the area raised horses for the US Cavalry’s various Montana and Dakota posts. As cattle prices slowly rebounded, the range was once again stocked with cattle, though the second wave of cattlemen utilized hardy English breeds instead of the Texas longhorns of the earlier outfits.

With the passage of new homestead laws in 1909 enabling homesteaders to take out larger acreages, the area saw an influx of dryland farmers. With its railroad connection, Culbertson became the center of the area’s agricultural trade. When the agricultural boom went bust after World War II and never resumed its former glory, Culbertson saw a gradual decline in businesses and population. This was somewhat ameliorated by a heavy railroad presence in the community.

Culbertson also became a surviving center as smaller adjacent communities dried up in the agricultural depression of the 1920s and 1930s. With better automobiles and better roads, farmers and ranchers could live farther from centers of trade.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.60 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Culbertson has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 714 people, 296 households, and 191 families residing in the town. The population density was 1190.0 PD/sqmi. There were 336 housing units at an average density of 560.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 88.9% White, 0.3% African American, 6.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 296 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.5% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the town was 43 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 29% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 716 people, 295 households, and 192 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,213.7 PD/sqmi. There were 356 housing units at an average density of 603.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 89.53% White, 0.28% African American, 6.01% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.84% from other races, and 3.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 295 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $26,771 versus $14,643 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,393. About 11.2% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Culbertson School serves students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Culbertson High School's team name is the Cowboys/Cowgirls.

Roosevelt County Library, headquartered in Wolf Point, has a branch location in Culbertson.

Media
The Community News is a weekly local newspaper. It is a sister paper to the Northern Plains Independent of Wolf Point.

Infrastructure
The Theodore Roosevelt Expressway intersects the town from the north. U.S. Route 2 passes through from east to west.

Big Sky Field Airport is a public use airport located 1 mile northeast of town.

Amtrak’s Empire Builder, which operates between Seattle/Portland and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in Williston, 43 mi to the east.

Notable people

 * Lane Chandler, western film actor; lived here as a child
 * Terry Falcon, former NFL player for the New England Patriots and New York Giants; grew up here
 * Austin Knudsen, attorney who served as a member and Speaker of the Montana House of Representatives
 * Rhonda Knudsen, retired civil engineer and member of the Montana House of Representatives

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Culbertson, Montana


text:
Froid, Montana

Froid is a town in Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 195 at the 2020 census. Froid was named for the French word for "cold".

History
The land that is now Froid was homesteaded by James and Alice Baker, and who erected a building that housed a dry goods store, livery stable, and meat house. One family currently residing in Froid (the Johnsons) are descendants of this couple.

Froid was incorporated in 1910. The town made headlines in 2007, when Governor Brian Schweitzer gave the commencement address to the high school graduating class, which consisted entirely of one student, Roxie Britton. The act received considerable soft news coverage for this distinction.

Geography
Froid is located at 48.33583°N, -104.49028°W (48.335950, -104.490264), near the North Dakota border and north of Culbertson, on Highway 16.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.28 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 185 people, 92 households, and 49 families residing in the town. The population density was 660.7 PD/sqmi. There were 117 housing units at an average density of 417.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 0.5% Native American, and 2.2% from two or more races.

There were 92 households, of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.7% were non-families. 43.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the town was 50.9 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.2% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 27.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 45.4% male and 54.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 195 people, 97 households, and 51 families residing in the town. The population density was 688.1 PD/sqmi. There were 122 housing units at an average density of 430.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 90.77% White, 5.64% Native American, 1.54% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population.

There were 97 households, out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.4% were non-families. 45.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 29.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 2.1% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 27.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $21,111 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,021. About 11.8% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 7.1% of those 65 or over.

Education
Froid Public Schools serves students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Froid High School's team name is the Red Hawks.

Roosevelt County Library, headquartered in Wolf Point, has a branch location in Froid.

The international bestseller The Paris Library, a novel written by Montanan author Janet Skeslien Charles is set in Froid.

title: Froid, Montana


text:
Poplar, Montana

Poplar is a city in Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 758 at the 2020 census. It is the tribal headquarters for the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, though Wolf Point is the most populous. The reservation is home to both the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, two distinct American Indian Nations.

The U.S. Army constructed Camp Poplar here in the 1870s to oversee the reservation. Poplar became reservation headquarters after the military abandoned the camp in 1893.

Poplar hosts a Native American Pow Wow called Poplar Indian Days every year, the first weekend in September that is well attended by locals and traveling dancers with prizes for dancers and drummers.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.28 sqmi, all land. The Poplar River joins the Missouri River near town.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Poplar has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 810 people, 313 households, and 196 families residing in the city. The population density was 2892.9 PD/sqmi. There were 352 housing units at an average density of 1257.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 25.2% White, 71.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 313 households, of which 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.3% were married couples living together, 19.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 12.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.16.

The median age in the city was 31.2 years. 30.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 8.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 911 people, 325 households, and 206 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,406.0 PD/sqmi. There were 350 housing units at an average density of 1,308.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 63.67% Native American, 0.11% African American, 32.16% White, 0.77% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 3.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 325 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 19.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.7% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,896, and the median income for a family was $29,688. Males had a median income of $22,250 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,579. About 23.4% of families and 31.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.6% of those under age 18 and 22.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Poplar is the seat for the Fort Peck Sioux and Assiniboine Tribes, including the tribal law enforcement agency, courthouse, and the Fort Peck Reservation correctional facility.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs maintains an agency office in Poplar.

K-12
Poplar Public Schools, District 9/2B, is the second largest public school system on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation with a total enrollment of 824 students for the 2006-2007 school year. Poplar Public Schools operates elementary, middle, and junior/senior high schools. Poplar High School's team name is the Indians.

College
Poplar is home to the main campus of Fort Peck Community College. A branch campus is located in Wolf Point, Montana.

Library
The James E. Shanley Tribal Library is an affiliate of Roosevelt County Library and available to all county patrons.

Transportation
U.S. Route 2, a major east-west route across the northern tier of states, connects Poplar with other Hi-line communities in Montana and North Dakota. The Poplar Municipal Airport provides for light aircraft and general aviation on a single 4400 ft runway. Amtrak serves Wolf Point, approximately 20 miles west.

Medical facilities
The Indian Health Service (IHS) operates the Vern E. Gibbs Health Center through its Fort Peck Service Unit. The health center provides ambulatory, dialysis, and preventive health services. The IHS contracts with Northeast Montana Health Services (NEMHS) which operates Poplar Community Hospital, a critical access hospital with an emergency room, swingbed unit, pharmacy, 22-bed inpatient facility for inpatient services, as well as the Riverside Clinic, and hospital and clinic in Wolf Point, Montana. Poplar has a BLS and ALS ambulance staffed by first responders and EMTs. The ambulance service averages 4.5 calls a day.

Notable residents

 * Barry Beach, convicted murderer
 * Chrysti Smith, radio broadcaster
 * William S. Yellow Robe Jr. (Assiniboine, 1960–2021), playwright, author, professor

title: Poplar, Montana


text:
Wolf Point, Montana

Wolf Point is a city in and the county seat of Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,517 at the 2020 census, down 4% from 2,621 in the 2010 Census. It is the largest community on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. Wolf Point is the home of the annual Wild Horse Stampede, held every year during the second weekend of July. Wolf Point's Wild Horse Stampede is the oldest rodeo in Montana, and has been called the "Grandaddy of Montana Rodeos".

Wolf Point also is home of the Wadopana Pow-wow, the oldest traditional pow wow in Montana and always held the first week in August.

History
Wolf Point began as a trading post in the 1860s, at the confluence of Wolf Creek and the Missouri River. Farming began in the area as early as 1874 with the Civil War pioneer Philip "Sandy" Knorr and John Winn being the first people to plant the first harvest in Northeastern Montana. Philip Knorr, John Winn, Montana Jim Helmer, Hank Cusker, Henry Kirn, Jacob Wirth, and James MacDonald being the first set of pioneers in Wolf Point. The Great Northern Railway arrived in 1887. Wolf Point incorporated in 1915 and became the county seat in 1919.

Topography
Wolf Point is located in north-eastern Montana in the wide, shallow valley of the Missouri River, just below its confluence with Wolf Creek. Wolf Point is situated on the High Plains of eastern Montana. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.88 sqmi, all land.

The city is located on the north bank of the Missouri River, the southern part occupying the ancestral floodplain of that river. The northern part occupies south facing, low-lying hills overlooking a terrace. The central business district is located in the described southern portion.

Climate
Wolf Point experiences a semi-arid steppe climate (BSkw), with generally cold, dry winters and hot summers. Late spring and early summer is on average the wettest period of the year. During the summer warm, humid air masses more typical of a warm summer continental climate (Dfb) may move into the area from the south or east. Summertime thunderstorms commonly occur and sometimes can be severe featuring hail and, infrequently, funnel clouds or tornados.

Cold waves may cover the area 6 to 12 times per winter, with temperatures well below 0 F. Between cold waves there are sometimes periods of longer than 10 days of mild, but often windy weather caused by chinook winds. These winds cause temperatures to rise rapidly, often giving relief in the form of mild temperatures in the coldest months of the year.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,621 people, 952 households, and 635 families residing in the city. The population density was 2978.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,080 housing units at an average density of 1227.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 42.5% White, 0.2% African American, 50.5% Native American, 1.2% Asian, and 5.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 952 households, of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.3% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.25.

The median age in the city was 33.7 years. 29.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.7% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,663 people, 981 households, and 685 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,024.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,091 housing units at an average density of 1,239.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 55.73% White, 0.04% African American, 40.52% Native American, 1.01% Asian, 0.34% from other races, and 2.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.61% of the population.

There were 981 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 31.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,962, and the median income for a family was $33,681. Males had a median income of $26,325 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,605. About 17.0% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

Attractions
Attractions include:
 * Silverwolf Casino, operated by the Sioux and Assiniboine tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. The casino also serves as a funeral chapel.
 * Wolf Point Area Museum.

Library
Roosevelt County Library is headquartered in Wolf Point with branch locations in Culbertson and Froid.

Government

The city of Wolf Point has a mayor-council form of government with a city council consisting of eight elected council members—two members from each of four wards. The mayor is elected at-large for a four-year term. The city council determines the policy direction and administers the daily affairs of city government. The mayor appoints, with advice and consent of the council, the city attorney, the hybrid position of city clerk-treasurer, and the police chief. The position of city judge is shared with the Justice of the Peace of Roosevelt County.

Mayors
Mathew Golik (November 4, 1948 – March 1, 2008) was the mayor between 1999 and 2008. He was appointed mayor in 1999 when the mayor at the time resigned. Golik was elected mayor in his own right in 2001 and re-elected in 2005; he held the post until his death. On March 1, 2008, his three-wheeler went through the ice on Fort Peck Lake where he had been ice fishing and he drowned.

DeWayne W. Jager assumed the duties of the mayor's office following Golik's death as the then city council president and was appointed to the post on March 17, 2008. Mayor Jager was elected to the position in the November 2009 general election, serving until 2013.

Chris M. Dschaak won the election in 2013, 2017, and 2021.

K-12
The Wolf Point Public Schools, District No. 45/45A operates an elementary, a middle, and a junior/senior high school with a total student enrollment of more than 860 students. Nearby, Frontier Elementary School, District No. 3, serves some rural areas of Roosevelt County and northern McCone County in grades pre-kindergarten through eighth grade, and had an enrollment of more than 100 in the 2010–2011 school year. Wolf Point High School is a Class B school (108-306 students) which helps determine athletic competitions. They are known as the Wolves.

Although Native Americans "make up more than half of the student body", they are "less than one-fifth of the staff," and have a lower graduation rate. In June 2017, a civil rights complaint was filed with the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights by the Fort Peck Tribal Executive Board.

College
Fort Peck Community College expanded to Wolf Point. The new brick facility is located one block south of the center of Main Street. FPCC is a tribal community college that offers affordable Applied Science Programs, Associate Degree Programs, Transfer Programs, and GEDs. In 2009, FPCC initiated men's and women's collegiate basketball teams.

Media
Wolf Point is served by two weekly newspapers, the Northern Plains Independent, and the Poplar, Montana, based Fort Peck Journal. A third paper funded by Fort Peck tribal government, the Wotanin Wowapi, ceased publication on January 28, 2008.

The radio stations KVCK (AM) 1450 and KVCK-FM 92.7 are owned by Wolftrax Broadcasting and licensed in Wolf Point. The public radio station KYPW is also licensed in Wolf Point.

Wolf Point and Roosevelt County are part of the Minot-Bismarck-Dickinson local television media market (DMA). Broadcast television can be received, either directly or via translator, from KWSE 4 (PBS), KUMV 8 (NBC), and KXMD 11 (CBS) all based in Williston, North Dakota; and KFBB 5 (ABC/FOX) based in Great Falls, Montana.

Air
Scheduled air service at Wolf Point's L. M. Clayton Airport is provided by Cape Air, the designated United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Essential Air Service (EAS) operator, with direct daily flights to Billings and Glasgow, Montana. The Essential Air Service contract had formerly been held by now-defunct Big Sky Airlines and Great Lakes Airlines.

Highways
U.S. Route 2, a major east–west route in the northern tier of states, connects Wolf Point with other Hi-Line communities from Washington state to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Montana Highway 25 provides a connection to Montana Highway 13, six miles east of the city. Montana Highway 13 extends from the Port of Scobey on the Canada–United States border in the north to Circle, Montana in the south.

Rail
Wolf Point is located on the Hi-Line of the BNSF Railway and has developed as a major shipment point for grain to West Coast and Great Lakes ports. Wolf Point is served daily westbound and eastbound by Amtrak's Empire Builder, and is the first station stop west of Williston, North Dakota.

Medical facilities
Trinity Hospital offers inpatient care, and emergency care in addition to a wide range of other services, and is operated by Northeast Montana Health Services (NEMHS). NEMHS also operates the Faith Lutheran Home, a 60-bed skilled nursing facility; and the Listerud Rural Health Clinic in Wolf Point. The Chief Redstone Clinic is a facility operated by the Indian Health Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It supports a wide range of health needs for the Native American population in the Wolf Point area on an outpatient basis.

Notable people

 * Hank Adams (1943–2020), Native American rights activist.
 * Dolly Akers, first Native American woman elected to Montana Legislature.
 * Nancy Dumont, educator.
 * Robert V. Dumont Jr., educator.
 * Casey FitzSimmons (born 1980), National Football League tight end with the Detroit Lions.
 * Lisa Lockhart, rodeo performer.
 * John Lowenstein (born 1947), former Major League Baseball player for the Cleveland Indians, Texas Rangers and the Baltimore Orioles.
 * Kameron (Kam) Mickolio (born 1984), former Major League relief pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks, currently with Hiroshima Toyo Carp.
 * Montie Montana (1910–1998), rodeo trick rider, actor, stuntman and cowboy inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 1994.
 * Dan Pyle, artist.
 * Ted Schwinden (1925–2023), Democratic Governor of Montana (1981–1989), named one of the "100 Most Influential Montanans of the Century".
 * Bridget Smith, member of Montana House of Representatives.

References in literature

 * William Least Heat-Moon wrote about the night he spent here in his autobiographical book Blue Highways: A Journey Into America.
 * In the fictional Marvel Comics Universe the superhero Red Wolf (William Talltrees) was born in a Wolf Point located on a Cheyenne Reservation.

title: Wolf Point, Montana


text:
Ashland, Montana

Ashland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The population was 464 at the 2000 census. Ashland is immediately east of the boundary of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation and also along the Tongue River. It is the location of the St. Labre Indian Catholic High School, established in 1884 as a boarding school by a Catholic mission to the Cheyenne.

The town was established in 1881 and called Straders after the first postmaster. The name was changed to Ashland in 1886.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.6 sqmi, all land.

Ashland had the original supervisor office for the Custer National Forest. There remains an Ashland Ranger District. The 436,000 acre Ashland Ranger District contains the largest contiguous block of land in Federal ownership in eastern Montana and has one of the largest grazing programs in the nation.

This area is also rich in coal and wildlife. Some oil and gas activity has taken place, but no producing wells have been found to date.

The area offers a variety of topography, varying from rolling grasslands to steep rock outcrops. Vegetation varies from prairie to dense stands of ponderosa pine.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ashland has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 464 people, 151 households, and 104 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 61.4 PD/sqmi. There were 170 housing units at an average density of 22.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 21.55% White, 75.22% American Indian, 0.22% Asian, and 3.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.94% of the population.

There were 151 households, out of which 49.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.7% were married couples living together, 21.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.60.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 40.9% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64, and 2.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $22,222, and the median income for a family was $24,167. Males had a median income of $24,688 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,577. About 30.4% of families and 34.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education
St. Labre Indian Catholic High School St. Labre Catholic School is home of the Braves and Lady Braves. Grades are Pre-K Through 12. The school has been established for almost 129 years now. St. Labre is in the 3-B district along with Lame Deer, Lodge Grass, Colstrip, Forsyth and Baker. The School is particularly known for their Boys and Girls Basketball team the Braves and Lady Braves.

Ashland Public School. Grades include K-8.

Media
The Forsyth-based Independent Press covers news for all of Rosebud County, which includes Ashland.

Emerging industries
As reported in the May 12, 2022, issue of Independent Press, a newspaper serving Rosebud County, officials made a visit to the site in Ashland for a planned factory that will make latex gloves. The Northern Cheyenne Tribe is backing the project. The factory expected be operational in 18 months, and employ up to 100 workers.

title: Ashland, Montana


text:
Birney, Montana

Birney is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The population was 108 at the 2000 census.

The post office was established in 1886.

History
The nearby town of Ashland was called Birney, the name of the postmaster, from 1881 to 1886. The current town of Birney was named for a fur trader.

The Battle of Wolf Mountain was fought near present-day Birney in January 1877.

In the late 1950s, the town consisted of a one-room schoolhouse (of two classrooms), a small church, the Birney Cash Store and its post office, the store called Ranch Stores, and six households with a population of 13.

Geography
Birney is located on the Tongue River Road, near the confluence of the Tongue River and Hanging Woman Creek. It is approximately 40 mi northeast of Sheridan, Wyoming and about 20 mi southwest of Ashland. Birney is just outside the boundary of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 15.1 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Birney has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 108 people, 29 households, and 22 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 7.2 PD/sqmi. There were 39 housing units at an average density of 2.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 9.26% White, 86.11% Native American, 1.85% from other races, and 2.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.85% of the population.

There were 29 households, out of which 48.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.5% were married couples living together, 27.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.72 and the average family size was 4.13.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 45.4% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 18.5% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 3.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $15,417, and the median income for a family was $12,500. Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,338. There were 50.0% of families and 50.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 65.2% of those under 18 and 50.0% of those over 64.

Media
The Forsyth-based Independent Press covers news for all of Rosebud County, which includes Birney.

Notable person

 * Frederic Remington (1861-1909) - famous western artist who lived at times, as late as 1901, on the Charles Boals ranch near Birney and the Cheyenne Indian Reservation where he hunted, painted and sketched.

title: Birney, Montana


text:
Colstrip, Montana

Colstrip is a city in Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,096 at the 2020 census.

Established in 1924 and incorporated as a city in 1998, Colstrip is the largest city in Rosebud County with 25.2% of the total population in 2020. Colstrip's primary industries are coal mining and electricity production. In 2005, Sports Illustrated’s 50th anniversary issue named Colstrip the top sports town in Montana. The entire community celebrates Colstrip Days annually on the weekend prior to the 4th of July.

History

Colstrip was established by the Northern Pacific Railway in 1924 as a company town to provide coal for their steam locomotives. The mining at Rosebud Mine two miles south of the town is open pit strip mining, where draglines remove soil above the layer of bituminous coal from the Fort Union Formation.

During The Second World War, the Colstrip mine was identified as strategically important because it supplied coal for the Northern Pacific Railway steam locomotives hauling military equipment for the war effort. The mine was guarded from sabotage, and the employees were not allowed to quit their jobs.

In 1958, the railroad switched to using diesel locomotives and the Colstrip mine was shut down. In 1959, Montana Power Company purchased the rights to the mine and the town, and resumed mining operations in the 1970s with plans to build coal-fired electrical plants.

The power plants were built in the 1970s and 1980s by a collection of contractors including Bechtel. During this construction period, Colstrip was a boomtown, with a large increase in population. Plants 1 and 2 became operational in 1975 and 1976, and plants 3 and 4 became operational in 1984 and 1986.

In 1974, construction of Colstrip's 150 acre Castle Rock Lake (formerly named surge pond) was completed. The Colstrip plants produce electricity from coal using steam. The water for the steam is pumped in an underground pipe 30 mi from the Yellowstone River and stored in the lake. The lake is stocked with fish and the home for a wide variety of wildlife.

In 1990, the Colstrip Energy Limited Project started commercial operations. Located six miles (10 km) north of Colstrip, this experimental electricity production facility is owned by Rosebud Energy Corp., a partnership that at one point included Enron. The plant uses high sulfur waste coal from the Rosebud Coal Mine's topmost one foot layer of coal.

In 1998, plants 1-4 were sold to a group led by PPL Corporation (PPL) and Puget Sound Energy (PSE). The Rosebud Coal Mine was sold to Westmoreland Mining LLC. In this same year, the City of Colstrip was incorporated.

In June 2015, PPL spun off its power generation assets including the Colstrip plants to become Talen Energy.

In 2016, Puget Sound Energy reached an agreement with the Sierra Club and the Montana Environmental Information Center to shut down units 1 and 2 of the coal-fired generating plant by the year 2022. The agreement said nothing about the status of Units 3 and 4 at the generating station. However, the existing electrical transmission capacity that transmits power from Colstrip to the Pacific Northwest may be used to transmit wind energy. Another blow to Colstrip's economy came when a proposed junction point from BNSF Railway to connect to Tongue River Railroad was dismissed.

In June 2019, Talen Energy announced the closure of two of the four coal burning units by the end of the year. The power plant is "the sixth-largest source of greenhouse emissions in the U.S." Units 3 and 4 will remain in operation.

In January 2020, Puget Sound Energy announced that Unit 1 ceased operating in the "first days of January", and Unit 2 ceased operating on January 4. Units 3 and 4 will remain operational as planned, but will be closed within the next five years.

In January 2023, Avista made a deal giving NorthWestern Energy their 15% share of the plant for free. The deal takes effect in 2025. A Washington state law bans use of coal-generated electricity, forcing Avista to relinquish their stake in the company.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.47 sqmi, all land.

There are 30 city parks and 300 acres of green space owned by the city. The strip mining area is a few miles west of town.

South of town 23 mi, is Deer Medicine Rocks, a National Historic Landmark. These sandstone cliffs are covered with petroglyphs and pictographs. Hills covered in sandstone formations are typical of this area. The topography in the county is mostly rolling with small hills. Deer and pronghorn are plentiful.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Colstrip has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics
The historical population of Colstrip has varied largely since it was established in 1924. Prior to incorporation in 1998 it was a census-designated place.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,214 people, 863 households, and 622 families residing in the city. The population density was 495.3 PD/sqmi. There were 986 housing units at an average density of 220.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.7% White, 0.2% African American, 9.0% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 5.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.3% of the population.

There were 863 households, of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.9% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the city was 38.1 years. 28.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 5.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.8% male and 48.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,346 people, 825 households, and 674 families residing in the city. The population density was 522.6 PD/sqmi. There were 936 housing units at an average density of 208.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 83.93% White, 0.68% African American, 11.30% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 3.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.15% of the population.

There were 825 households, out of which 48.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.3% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.4% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 3.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $55,650, and the median income for a family was $60,352. Males had a median income of $54,241 versus $25,234 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,336. About 5.9% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Government
Colstrip has a mayor-council form of government. In 2023 the mayor was John Williams.

Education
Colstrip Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. The highest level of education offered in Colstrip is the Colstrip High School. They are known as the Colts/Fillies.

The nearest college is Chief Dull Knife College in Lame Deer.

Colstrip is about 20 mi north of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. Many Cheyenne students from the reservation attend school at the high school, making up about one third of the students.

The Bicentennial Library operates in Colstrip.

Recreation

Colstrip offers a wide variety of recreational and sports activities. Boating and fishing is available on Castle Rock Lake, an artificial reservoir used by the Colstrip power plants. Fishing enthusiasts can find bluegill, bass, walleye and pike. A 3.2 mile walking/biking trail runs around the lake, and a picnic area and beach is available to swimmers. A year-round recreational facility is available free to residents at Rye Park through Colstrip Parks and Recreation District. CPRD, formerly CARPA, offers sports programs for children and adults alike including golf, soccer, basketball, baseball, fitness and health classes. CPRD facilities include a weight room and cardio room, and two different gymnasiums. CPRD also maintains the bike paths around the city.

Infrastructure
Highway 39 passes through town from north to south.

Colstrip Airport (FAA ID: M46) is a public use airport located 3 mi southwest of Colstrip. The nearest commercial airport is Billings Logan International Airport, 124 mi west.

Colstrip Medical Center provides primary care.

Media
The Forsyth-based Independent Press covers news for all of Rosebud County, which includes Colstrip.

Two radio stations are licensed in Colstrip. FM station KMCJ is part of Your Network of Praise. FM station KYPC is part of Yellowstone Public Radio.

Notable people

 * George Armstrong Custer — one of his final encampments before Battle of the Little Bighorn was 10 mi south of Colstrip
 * Tuff Harris — safety for the Pittsburgh Steelers, moved from Lodge Grass to play football at Colstrip High School as a sophomore
 * Wally McRae — Cowboy poet who earned the 1990 National Endowment for the Arts' National Heritage Award

title: Colstrip, Montana


text:
Forsyth, Montana

Forsyth is a city in and the county seat of Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,647 at the 2020 census. Forsyth was established in 1876 as the first settlement on the Yellowstone River, and in 1882 residents named the town after General James William Forsyth who commanded Fort Maginnis, Montana during the Indian Wars and the 7th Cavalry at the Wounded Knee Massacre. The town has long been a transportation nexus, starting with steamboats on the river and progressing to the Northern Pacific Railway and Interstate 94.

History
Forsyth was established as a settlement on the Yellowstone in 1876 as a steamboat landing supporting United States Army operations in the Indian Wars.

in 1882, Thomas Alexander traded land to the Northern Pacific Railway to start the town, and developed four buildings on main street.

On April 21, 1894, several hundred men of Coxey's Army, inspired by Jacob Coxey and led by William Hogan, commandeered a Northern Pacific Railway train in Butte, Montana headed for Washington, DC. After stopping in Bozeman, they fought Federal Marshals in Billings with one man killed and several wounded. They were finally apprehended in Forsyth on April 25, by five companies of the 22nd Infantry Regiment and Troop L, 8th Cavalry from Fort Keogh, Cheyenne soldiers known as "Casey's scouts." The incident marked one of the few instances in American history where U.S. Native American troops were used against white civilians. Although some escapes occurred, 331 of the Coxeyites were taken to Helena as prisoners.

In the 1980s Forsyth served as the home of the United States Air Force 1st Combat Evaluation Group Detachment 18, evaluating radar observability for B-52s on training runs.

Geography
Forsyth is located along the south bank of the Yellowstone River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.99 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Forsyth has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,777 people, 807 households, and 472 families residing in the city. The population density was 1794.9 PD/sqmi. There were 921 housing units at an average density of 930.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% White, 0.5% African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 807 households, of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.5% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 46.4 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.9% were from 25 to 44; 32.4% were from 45 to 64; and 20% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,944 people, 826 households, and 525 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,759.0 PD/sqmi. There were 976 housing units at an average density of 883.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.42% White, 0.21% African American, 2.26% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.31% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.23% of the population.

There were 826 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,533, and the median income for a family was $44,100. Males had a median income of $36,827 versus $19,038 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,994. About 9.4% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Forsyth High School offers a variety of classes and is developing capabilities under a technology plan to prepare its students for higher education. The plan has been updated frequently since 1997, and features plans for maintaining internet capability, and laboratory instrument capabilities.

The Forsyth Dogies play in the 3B conference with the Baker Spartans, Colstrip Colts, Lame Deer Morningstars, Lodge Grass Indians, and St.Labre Braves. The school colors are purple and white.

Rosebud County Library serves the area.

Media
Forsyth's local newspaper is the Independent Press.

There are two radio stations licensed in Forsyth - KIKC-AM and KIKC-FM They also receive stations from Miles City.

Infrastructure
The city is served by Interstate 94 and US routes 12 and 10.

Tillitt Field Airport is a public use airport located 3 miles east of town.

Notable people

 * Samuel Russell Barr, Minnesota state legislator
 * John Melcher, former U.S. senator, worked as a veterinarian in Forsyth and served as mayor in 1955.
 * Carol Thurston, actress

title: Forsyth, Montana


text:
Lame Deer, Montana

Lame Deer (Meaveʼhoʼeno in Cheyenne ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The community is named after Miniconjou Lakota chief Lame Deer, who was killed by the U.S. Army in 1877 under a flag of truce south of the town. It was the site of a trading post from the late 1870s.

It is the tribal and government agency headquarters of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. This is the location of the Chief Dull Knife College and the annual Northern Cheyenne Powwow.

Geography
Lame Deer is located at (45.621819, -106.658079). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 55.6 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lame Deer has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,052 people, 521 households, and 401 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 36.3 PD/sqmi. There are a total of 613 housing units, which makes at an average density of 10.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup was 93.7% Native American, 4.3% White, 0.03% African American, 0.01% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.

Of the 521 households, 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.5% were married couples living together, 26.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 19.4% of the households had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.90 and the average family size was 4.53.

The population was spread out, with 43.7% under the age of 18, 55.1% 21 or older and 5.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23.9 years. For every 100 females there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.

The median household income was $28,700 and the median income for a family was $32,039 43.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.8% of those under the age of 18 and 46.9% of those 65 and older.

Education and culture
The Northern Cheyenne Arts and Crafts Center, Charging Horse Casino and Cafe, and Lame Deer Museum are located here.

Chief Dull Knife College is a Native American tribal community college and land grant institution located in Lame Deer.

The main office of the National Indigenous Women's Resource Center, which works to prevent family violence, is located in Lame Deer.

The Lame Deer High School Morningstars play in the 3B conference with the Baker Spartans, Colstrip Colts, Forsyth Dogies, St. Labre Braves, and Broadus Hawks.

Media
The Forsyth-based Independent Press covers news for all of Rosebud County, which includes Lame Deer.

title: Lame Deer, Montana


text:
Dixon, Montana

Dixon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sanders County, Montana, United States. The population was 221 at the 2020 census.

The town is named for Joseph M. Dixon, a Montana politician. The town sits adjacent to the lower Flathead River near the CSKT Bison Range.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.9 sqmi, of which 6.6 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi (4.35%) is water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 216 people, 89 households and 54 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 32.5 PD/sqmi. There were 93 housing units at an average density of 14.0 per square mile (5.4/km$2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 75.46% White, 20.37% Native American, and 4.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.39% of the population.

There were 89 households, of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.07.

25.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.

The median household income was $15,455 and the family median income was $23,750. Males had a median income of $28,750 and females $16,250. The per capita income was $11,379. About 19.6% of families and 35.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 22.2% of those 65 or over.

According to the most recent demographics data available from the Census Bureau released in December 2018, Figure 1 Dixon illustrates it has 203 population.

Of the 203 people living in Dixon, Montana, 95 are Men and 108 are Women, with the median age being 44. The total number of occupied homes in Dixon is 83, with 53 of them being Family led homes.

Media
The Sanders County Ledger is a local newspaper. It is printed weekly and also available online.

title: Dixon, Montana


text:
Heron, Montana

Heron is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sanders County, Montana, named for the village of Heron which is located within it. The population of the CDP was 173 at the 2020 census.

The town was built in 1883 by the Northern Pacific Railroad as a division point.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.4 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Heron has a continental, quasi-Mediterranean climate (Dsb) that has more in common with northern Idaho and the Pacific Northwest than the rest of Montana. It has one of the wettest climates in the state (outside isolated mountain areas), averaging nearly 34 in of precipitation per year. Winters are wet and often snowy with occasional rain; summers are mostly dry with sunny, warm days and cool to chilly nights.

Another striking feature of Heron's climate is the patterned, extremely large seasonal variation in diurnal temperature range: only 10-11 degrees in the wettest months, November through January, expanding to nearly 35 degrees in the driest months, July and August, reflecting prevalent low humidity during those months. Around 11 days per year reach 90 F., while 100 F. is a very rare occurrence. Nights are cool year round with freezes having been recorded in every month. On average, the lowest temperature each year is -12 F., placing Heron in hardiness zone 5B.

Average monthly precipitation is very high by Montana standards, especially in the wettest months of November through January, but Heron experiences continuing moderately wet conditions each month from February to June. In May and June, Heron shares with the rest of Montana some frequency of shower and thunderstorm activity, making these the wettest months in virtually all other areas of Montana, but not in Heron due to its exceptionally wet winters.

Overall, Heron's average annual precipitation cycle is similar to that of the Pacific Northwest in its dry summer and wet winter (with a November maximum, as in Seattle, WA), but somewhat transitional into the typical Montana and Wyoming pattern of a May or June maximum, reflected in Heron's continued relatively high rainfall those months. The combination of these factors with possible orographic lift results in Heron being one of the wettest locations in Montana, mostly a dry state elsewhere.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 149 people, 58 households, and 41 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 43.9 PD/sqmi. There were 63 housing units at an average density of 18.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.63% White, 3.36% Native American, 0.67% Asian, and 1.34% from two or more races.

There were 58 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.2% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 2.7% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,725. There were 15.8% of families and 18.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 4.9% of under eighteens and 8.7% of those over 64.

Media
The Sanders County Ledger is a local newspaper. It is printed weekly and also available online.

title: Heron, Montana


text:
Hot Springs, Montana

Hot Springs (Montana Salish: nayyákʷ, Kutenai: Kutmiʔk ) is a town on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Sanders County, Montana, United States. The population was 557 at the 2020 census.

Founded as the settlements of Pineville and Camas in the 1890s, the town was incorporated in 1929.

Previously it was known as both Camas and Camas Hot Springs for the camas plant that grows abundantly in the region as part of the camas prairie habitat.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.38 sqmi, all land.

It is located near several mineral hot springs, including Camas Hot Springs and Wild Horse Hot Springs. The town's motto "Limp In, Leap Out" refers to the perceived therapeutic value of these waters.

Communications
The town of Hot Springs was featured in an article in Time magazine regarding cell phone service. In 2012, the town had a single cell phone tower operated by the Hot Springs Telephone Company, with ATT service. Wi-Fi was only available in selected locations in and around town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 544 people, 297 households, and 108 families living in the town. The population density was 1431.6 PD/sqmi. There were 392 housing units at an average density of 1031.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 77.8% White, 0.6% African American, 9.9% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 1.7% from other races, and 9.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population.

There were 297 households, of which 17.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 22.2% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 63.6% were non-families. 55.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.72 and the average family size was 2.64.

The median age in the town was 54 years. 15.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.7% were from 25 to 44; 37% were from 45 to 64; and 26.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 531 people, 280 households, and 126 families living in the town. The population density was 1,739.1 PD/sqmi. There were 385 housing units at an average density of 1,260.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 84.93% White, 0.19% African American, 9.98% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 1.13% from other races, and 3.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.58% of the population.

There were 280 households, out of which 16.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.6% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 55.0% were non-families. 50.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.81 and the average family size was 2.64.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.3% under the age of 18, 2.4% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 28.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females there were 87.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $12,663, and the median income for a family was $21,786. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,690. About 33.3% of families and 38.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.8% of those under age 18 and 20.2% of those age 65 or over.

Culture
Hot Springs is popular to visitors for its hot springs pools where people come and soak in the mineral water. Hotel accommodations include the NHRP-listed Symes Hotel, and Alameda's, a "vintage 1930s spa motel", that offers private baths in lithium-rich mineral waters sourced from wells on the Alameda's property.

Another big attraction is the "Hot Springs Artists Society" which does many things but is most noted for bringing musical groups to a local Hotel at least twice per week, Fridays and Saturdays. The music genres are generally "blues", "folk", "country" or some combination of all three from local and visiting artists. Occasionally there are special concerts of artists which may include a special concert on Sunday. In summer, the stage moves outdoors.

Popular with tourists is also LaRue Hot Springs Museum.

Preston Hot Springs Library serves the area.

Education
Hot Springs School District educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. In the 2021-2022 school year, 179 students were enrolled. The district has 3 schools.

Hot Springs High School's team name is Savage Heat.

Media
The Sanders County Ledger is a local newspaper along with the Clark Fork Valley Press. Both are printed weekly and also available online.

The FM radio station KJFK-LP is licensed in Hot Springs.

Infrastructure
Montana Highway 28 is east of town.

The Hot Springs Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) east of the central business district of Hot Springs. The nearest commercial airports are Glacier Park International Airport, 73 mi north, or Missoula Montana Airport, 71 mi south.

Sanders County Transportation operates shuttle vans and buses to and from several cities and towns in Sanders, Flathead and Missoula Counties.

title: Hot Springs, Montana