text:
Jesús González (boxer)

Jesus Ernesto Gonzales Jr (born October 3, 1984) is a Mexican-American former professional boxer. Gonzales was the NABF and IBF North American Super Middleweight Champion. Gonzales was considered by boxing critics to be one of the top amateur medal contenders for the United States in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Amateur career
Gonzales' decorated amateur career includes wins over 2004 Olympic Gold Medalist and later WBA World Super Middleweight Champion Andre Ward; WBO Light Middleweight Champion Alfredo Angulo; IBA Intercontinental Light Middleweight champion Sechew Powell; and an astonishing four wins over former WBC Welterweight Champion Andre Berto.

In addition, Gonzales won the National Boxing Championship in the middleweight division in 2002, including the Outstanding Boxer Award.

Professional career
Widely considered to be America's top medal contender for the 2004 Olympic Games, Gonzales stunned fans on June 12, 2003 when he decided to bypass the games and turn pro at the age of 18. Signing to Top Rank under promoter Bob Arum for $30,000, with another $30,000 from manager Cameron Dunkin. Gonzales was touted as the next Oscar De La Hoya. Over the next two years Gonzales fought 17 fights including two of the fastest knockouts in the history of boxing: 16 seconds over Josh Peters and a 17 seconds over Bobby Green while climbing to a 17-0 record.

Against the advice of his trainer/father on September 17, 2005 Gonzales became one of the youngest fighters ever (age 20) to fight for the Vacant IBC Middleweight Title. Gonzales suffered an eighth round knockout by former IBC Middleweight Champion José Luis Zertuche.

After this crucial fight, Top Rank's Peter McKinn climbed into the ring and had a short conversation with Jesus' trainer/father Ernie Gonzales Sr. That conversation ended with Ernie Gonzales Sr. delivering a left hook to the side of McKinn's face.

Jesus was unable to get a fight for nearly a year but had vowed to avenge his loss. He finally got the opportunity August 18, 2005 against Fernando Vela. Six victories later, Jesús found himself fighting for the Interim WBC Continental Americas Light Middleweight title on May 1, 2008. With a 12 round unanimous decision, Jesus became the WBC Continental Americas Light Middleweight Champion at the age of 22 with a record of 24-1.

Several weeks later, Jesus signed his second contract with Star Boxing in New York. With Star holding the rights to Jesus over his head and refusing to pay him, Jesus was forced into a two-year hiatus. For the second time in his career, his climb to the top was shattered over a bad contract and Jesus was forced to resign his WBC Continental Americas Light Middleweight title because of non-defense. Crushed and struggling to support his son, Jesús was forced to take a security job at a local high school to make ends meet.

Gonzales was discovered by Fan Base promotions while they were on a trip to Arizona to train one of their prized Canadian fighters. He was at a local gym tearing up the speed bag and Fan Base immediately noticed his outstanding talent. Fan Base put up the money and legal team to release Gonzales from his Star contract and immediately got him a fight in Canada against top Canadian contender Jason Naugler. After TKO’ing Naugler in the second round, Jesús was granted an opportunity to fight for the IBF N. American Super Middleweight Title in his hometown of Phoenix, Arizona.

In March 2011, Jesus defeated Dhafir Smith in a unanimous decision to become the IBF North American Super Middleweight Champion. He was only 26 years old then and vowed not to stop until he achieved a World Title.

NABF Super Middleweight Championship
Jesus became the new NABF Super Middleweight Champion, by beating tough veteran Francisco Sierra on July 8, 2011 at US Airways Center in Phoenix, Arizona. This bout was televised on ESPN2. In the fight there were two knockdowns, one by each fighter. Gonzales was named the winner by unanimous decision after 12 rounds.

IBF Inter-Continental Super Middleweight Championship
In 2012, Adonis Stevenson brutally knocked out González in the first round with his signature straight left hand. The knock out was a candidate for KO of the year by Ring Magazine. Prior to the fight, González famously had exposed Stevenson's criminal past. This would turn out to be González last ever fight.

Professional record

 * - style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
 * align="center" colspan=8|27 Wins (14 knockouts), 2 Losses, 0 Draw
 * - style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Res.
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Rd., Time
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Venue and Location
 * align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
 * -align=center

 * -align=center
 * Loss || 27-2||align=left|🇨🇦Adonis Stevenson
 * KO || 1 (12), (1:39) || February 18, 2012 ||align=left|🇨🇦Bell Centre, Canada
 * align=left|For vacant IBF Inter-Continental
 * -align=center
 * Win || 27-1 ||align=left|🇲🇽Francisco Sierra
 * UD || 12 (12) || July 8, 2011 ||align=left|US Airways Center, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|Won NABF super middleweight title
 * -align=center
 * Win|| 26-1||align=left|🇺🇸Dhafir Smith
 * UD || 12 (12) || March 15, 2011 ||align=left|Celebrity Theatre, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|Won IBF North American super middleweight title
 * -align=center
 * Win|| 25-1||align=left|🇨🇦Jason Naugler
 * TKO || 2 (8), (3:00) || November 12, 2010 ||align=left|🇨🇦Commonwealth Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 24-1||align=left|🇺🇸Durrell Richardson
 * UD || 12 (12) || May 1, 2008 ||align=left|Arena Theatre, Houston, Texas
 * align=left|Won WBC interim Continental Americas light middleweight title
 * -align=center
 * Win || 23-1||align=left|🇺🇸Joshua Smith
 * TKO || 2 (10), (2:16) || December 20, 2007 ||align=left|Convention Center, Pasadena, Texas
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 22-1 ||align=left|🇺🇸Anthony Greeley
 * KO || 1 (10), (2:34) || June 9, 2007 ||align=left|Convention Center, Pasadena, Texas
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 21-1||align=left|🇻🇪Marcos Primera
 * UD || 10 (10) || January 20, 2007 ||align=left|Celebrity Theatre, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 20-1 ||align=left|🇺🇸Darnell Boone
 * UD || 8 (8) || December 15, 2006 ||align=left|Grand Plaza Hotel, Houston, Texas
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 19-1 ||align=left|🇲🇽Ramon Espinoza
 * TKO || 3 (8), (2:32) || September 22, 2006 ||align=left|Convention Center, Pasadena, Texas
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 18-1 ||align=left|🇲🇽Fernando Vela
 * UD || 6 (6) || August 18, 2006 ||align=left|Las Vegas Hilton, Las Vegas, Nevada
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Loss || 17-1-0 ||align=left|🇲🇽José Luis Zertuche
 * TKO || 8 (2), (2:02) || September 17, 2005 ||align=left|America West Arena, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|For vacant IBC middleweight title
 * -align=center
 * Win || 17-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Dumont Welliver
 * UD || 8 (8) || May 28, 2005 ||align=left|Staples Center, Los Angeles
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 16-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Kendall Gould
 * TKO || 4 (10), (0:10) || May 6, 2005 ||align=left|Fort McDowell Casino, Fountain Hills, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 15-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Chance Leggett
 * UD || 8 (8) || April 8, 2005 ||align=left|Fort McDowell Casino, Fountain Hills, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 14-0-0 ||align=left|🇩🇴Alberto Mercedes
 * UD || 8 (8) || February 18, 2005 ||align=left|Fort McDowell Casino, Fountain Hills, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 13-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Abdias Castillo
 * TKO || 2 (8), (1:36) || January 7, 2005 ||align=left|Veteran's Memorial Coliseum, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 12-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Jorge Garcia
 * TKO || 4 (8), (2:05) || December 3, 2004 ||align=left|Entertainment Center, Laredo, Texas
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 11-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Shay Mobley
 * UD || 6 (6) || August 27, 2004 ||align=left|Dodge Theater, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 10-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Chris Grays
 * DQ || 4 (6), (1:36) || June 18, 2004 ||align=left|Dodge Theater, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 9-0-0 ||align=left|🇲🇽Francisco Mendez
 * UD || 6 (6) || May 14, 2004 ||align=left|Dodge Theater, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 8-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Chris Grays
 * UD || 6 (6) || March 26, 2004 ||align=left|Dodge Theater, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 7-0-0 ||align=left|🇳🇬Vincent Moses
 * TKO || 4 (4), (1:39) || January 31, 2004 ||align=left|Dodge Theater, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 6-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Nathan Martin
 * TKO || 4 (4), (2:09) || December 5, 2003 ||align=left|Dodge Theater, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 5-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Craig Oxley
 * TKO || 1 (4), (2:51) || October 31, 2003 ||align=left|Park ‘N Swap, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 4-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Roy Smith
 * TKO || 1 (4), (2:35) || October 17, 2003 ||align=left|Celebrity Theatre, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 3-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Bobby Green
 * TKO || 1 (4), (0:17) || October 10, 2003 ||align=left|Desert Diamond Casino, Tucson, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 2-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Joshua Peters
 * KO || 1 (4), (0:26) || October 4, 2003 ||align=left|Staples Center, Los Angeles
 * align=left|
 * -align=center
 * Win || 1-0-0 ||align=left|🇺🇸Rawley Wilson
 * KO || 1 (4), (0:59) || August 25, 2003 ||align=left|Celebrity Theatre, Phoenix, Arizona
 * align=left|
 * -align=center

title: Jesús González (boxer)


text:
Talk:Jesús González (boxer)

Untitled
Good Job. This looks completely NPOV and factual to me. (I don't know if someone would want to know what critics, not me.)--AN 23:17 Sep 29, 2002 (UTC)

Page needs to be updated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.196.241.43 (talk) 12:25, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Reverted vandalism
I reverted vandalism regarding the subject's nationality. Thank you, --Tom (talk) 15:58, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Jesús González (boxer)


text:
James Smithson

James Smithson (c. 1765 – 27 June 1829) was a British chemist and mineralogist. He published numerous scientific papers for the Royal Society during the early 1800s as well as defining calamine, which would eventually be renamed after him as "smithsonite". He was the founding donor of the Smithsonian Institution, which also bears his name.

Born in Paris, France, as the illegitimate child of Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie and Hugh Percy (born Hugh Smithson), the 1st Duke of Northumberland, he was given the French name Jacques-Louis Macie. His birth date was not recorded and the exact location of his birth is unknown; it is possibly in the Pentemont Abbey. Shortly after his birth he naturalized to Britain where his name was anglicized to James Louis Macie. He adopted his father's original surname of Smithson in 1800, following his mother's death. He attended university at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1782, eventually graduating with a Master of Arts in 1786. As a student he participated in a geological expedition to Scotland and studied chemistry and mineralogy. Highly regarded for his blowpipe analysis and his ability to work in miniature, Smithson spent much of his life traveling extensively throughout Europe; he published some 27 papers in his life.

Smithson never married and had no children; therefore, when he wrote his will, he left his estate to his nephew, or his nephew's family if his nephew died before Smithson. If his nephew were to die without heirs, however, Smithson's will stipulated that his estate be used "to found in Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men". He died in Genoa, Italy, on 27 June 1829, aged 64. Six years later, in 1835, his nephew died without heir, setting in motion the bequest to the United States. In this way Smithson became the patron of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., despite having never visited the United States.

Early life

James Smithson was born in c. 1765 to Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie. His mother was the widow of John Macie, a wealthy man from Weston, Bath. An illegitimate child, Smithson was born in secret in Paris, resulting in his birth name being the Francophone Jacques-Louis Macie (later altered to James Louis Macie). In 1801 when he was about 36, after the death of his again-widowed mother, he changed his last name to Smithson, the original surname of his biological father. (Baronet Hugh Smithson had changed his surname to Percy when he married Lady Elizabeth Seymour, already a baroness and indirect heiress of the Percy family, one of the leading landowning families of England).

James was educated and eventually naturalised in England. He enrolled at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1782 and graduated in 1786 with an MA. The poet George Keate was a first cousin once removed, on his mother's side.

Smithson was nomadic in his lifestyle, travelling throughout Europe. As a student, in 1784, he participated in a geological expedition with Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond, William Thornton and Paolo Andreani to Scotland and especially the Hebrides. He was in Paris during the French Revolution. In August 1807 Smithson became a prisoner of war while in Tönning during the Napoleonic Wars. He arranged a transfer to Hamburg, where he was again imprisoned, now by the French. The following year, Smithson wrote to Sir Joseph Banks and asked him to use his influence to gain release; Banks succeeded and Smithson returned to England. He never married or had children.

In 1766, his mother had inherited from the Hungerford family of Studley, where her brother had lived up until his death. His controversial legal step-father John Marshe Dickinson (aka Dickenson) of Dunstable died in 1771. Smithson's wealth stemmed from the splitting of his mother's estate with his half-brother, Col. Henry Louis Dickenson.

Scientific work

Smithson's research work was eclectic. He studied subjects ranging from coffee making to the use of calamine, eventually renamed smithsonite, in making brass. He also studied the chemistry of human tears, snake venom and other natural occurrences. Smithson would publish twenty-seven papers. He was nominated to the Royal Society of London by Henry Cavendish and was made a fellow on 26 April 1787. Smithson socialised and worked with scientists Joseph Priestley, Sir Joseph Banks, Antoine Lavoisier, and Richard Kirwan.

His first paper was presented at the Royal Society on 7 July 1791, "An Account of Some Chemical Experiments on Tabasheer". Tabasheer is a substance used in traditional Indian medicine and derived from material collected inside bamboo culms. The samples that Macie analysed had been sent by Patrick Russell, physician-naturalist in India.

In 1802 he read his second paper, "A Chemical Analysis of Some Calamines," at the Royal Society. It was published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London and was the documented instance of his new name, James Smithson. In the paper, Smithson challenges the idea that the mineral calamine is an oxide of zinc. His discoveries made calamine a "true mineral".

He explored and examined Kirkdale Cave; his findings, published in 1824, successfully challenged previous beliefs that the fossils within the formations at the cave were from the Great Flood.

Smithson is credited with first using the word "silicates"; Smithson's bank records at C. Hoare & Co show extensive and regular income derived from Apsley Pellatt, which suggests that Smithson had a strong financial or scientific relationship with the Blackfriars glass maker.

Later life and death
Smithson died in Genoa, Italy on 27 June 1829. He was buried in a Protestant cemetery overlooking Sampierdarena. In his will written in 1826, Smithson left his fortune to the son of his brother – that is, his nephew, Henry James Dickenson. Dickenson had to change his surname to Hungerford as a condition of receiving the inheritance. In the will Smithson stated that Henry James Hungerford, or Hungerford's children, would receive his inheritance, and that if his nephew did not live, and had no children to receive the fortune, it would be donated to the United States to establish an educational institution to be called the Smithsonian Institution.

Henry Hungerford died on 5 June 1835, unmarried and leaving behind no children, and the United States was the recipient. In his will, Smithson explained the Smithsonian mission:

"I then bequeath the whole of my property, . . . to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase & diffusion of knowledge among men."

Legacy and the Smithsonian
Later in the year of his death the United States government was informed about the bequest when Aaron Vail wrote to Secretary of State John Forsyth. This information was then passed onto President Andrew Jackson who then informed Congress; a committee was organized, and after much debate the Smithsonian Institution was established by legislation. In 1836 President Jackson sent Richard Rush, former Treasury Secretary, to England as Commissioner to proceed in Chancery Court to secure the funds. In 1838 he was successful and returned, accompanied by 104,960 gold sovereigns (in eleven crates) and Smithson's personal items, scientific notes, minerals, and library. The gold was transferred to the treasury in Philadelphia and was reminted into $508,318.46. The final funds from Smithson were received in 1864 from Marie de la Batut, Smithson's nephew's mother. This final amount totalled $54,165.38.

On 24 February 1847 the Board of Regents, which oversaw the creation of the Smithsonian, approved the seal for the institution. The seal, based on an engraving by Pierre Joseph Tiolier, was manufactured by Edward Stabler and designed by Robert Dale Owen. Although Smithson's papers and collection of minerals were destroyed in a fire in 1865, his collection of 213 books remains intact at the Smithsonian. The Board of Regents acquired a portrait of Smithson dressed in Oxford University student attire, painted by James Roberts, that is now on display in the crypt at the Smithsonian Castle. An additional portrait, a miniature, and the original draft of Smithson's will were acquired in 1877; they now reside in the National Portrait Gallery and Smithsonian Institution Archives, respectively. Additional items were acquired from Smithson's relatives in 1878.

The circumstances of his birth seem to have created in him a desire for posthumous fame, although he had established quite a reputation in the scientific community and lived proud of his descent. Smithson once wrote: "The best blood of England flows in my veins. On my father's side I am a Northumberland, on my mother's I am related to kings; but this avails me not. My name shall live in the memory of man when the titles of the Northumberlands and the Percys are extinct and forgotten."

Relocation of Smithson's remains to Washington
Smithson was buried in Sampierdarena, Genoa, Italy. The United States consul in Genoa was asked to maintain the grave site, with sponsorship for its maintenance coming from the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Secretary Samuel P. Langley visited the site, contributing further money to maintain it and requested a plaque be designed for the grave site. Three plaques were created by William Ordway Partridge. One was placed at the grave site, a second at a Protestant chapel in Genoa, and the last was gifted to Pembroke College, Oxford. Only one of the plaques exists today. The plaque at the grave site was stolen and then replaced with a marble version. During World War II, the Protestant chapel was destroyed and the plaque was looted. A copy was eventually placed at the site in 1963.

The cemetery where Smithson rested was going to be moved in 1905, for the expansion of an adjacent quarry. In response, Alexander Graham Bell, then a regent of the Smithsonian, proposed that Smithson's remains be moved to the Smithsonian Institution Building; in 1903, he and his wife, Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, traveled to Genoa to exhume the body. A steamship departed Genoa on 7 January 1904 with the remains and arrived in Hoboken, New Jersey on 20 January, where they were transferred to the USS Dolphin (PG-24) for the trip to Washington.

On 25 January a ceremony was held in Washington, D.C., and the body was escorted by the United States Cavalry to the Castle. When handing over the remains to the Smithsonian, Bell stated: "And now... my mission is ended and I deliver into your hands ... the remains of this great benefactor of the United States.” The coffin then lay in state in the Board of Regents' room, where objects from Smithson's personal collection were on display.

Memorial
After the arrival of Smithson's remains, the Board of Regents asked Congress to fund a memorial. Artists and architects were solicited to create proposals for the monument. Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Louis Saint-Gaudens, Gutzon Borglum, Totten & Rogers, Henry Bacon, and Hornblower & Marshall were some of the many artists and architectural firms who submitted proposals. The proposals varied in design, from elaborate monumental tombs that, if built, would have been bigger than the Lincoln Memorial, to smaller monuments just outside the Smithsonian Castle. Congress decided not to fund the memorial. To accommodate the fact that the Smithsonian would have to fund the memorial, they used the design of Gutzon Borglum, which suggested a remodel of the south tower room of the Smithsonian Castle to house the memorial surrounded by four Corinthian columns and a vaulted ceiling. Instead of the tower room, a smaller room (at the time it was the janitor's closet) at the north entrance would house an Italian-style sarcophagus.

On 8 December 1904 the Italian crypt was shipped, in sixteen crates from Italy. It travelled on the same ship that the remains of Smithson travelled on. Architecture firm Hornblower & Marshall designed the mortuary chapel, which included marble laurel wreaths and a neo-classical design. Smithson was entombed on 6 March 1905. His casket, which had been held in the Regent's Room, was placed into the ground underneath the crypt. This chapel was to serve as a temporary space for Smithson's remains until Congress approved a larger memorial. However, that never happened, and the remains of Smithson still lie there today.

Articles

 * Bird Jr., William L., William L. Bird, Jr. "A Suggestion Concerning James Smithson's Concept of 'Increase and Diffusion.'" Technology and Culture Vol. 24 No. 2 (April 1983): 246–255.
 * CNN,
 * CNN,

Books

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title: James Smithson


text:
Talk:Autauga County, Alabama

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Hello,

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title: Talk:Autauga County, Alabama


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Talk:Baldwin County, Alabama

Untitled
Wondering how to edit this U.S. County Entry? The WikiProject U.S. counties standards might help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ram-Man (talk • contribs) 23:48, 29 September 2002 (UTC)

Taste, can you provide a source for the Eastern Shore population? There is no defined location that is THE Eastern Shore. Are you compiliing numbers from each of the communities? Likewise for North Baldwin and Central Baldwin and South Baldwin. JBEvans 15:37, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, I see what you are saying Tasty - sorry. I have adjusted the population numbers to reflect the US Census Bureau and added appropriate footnotes. JBEvans 15:50, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

209.214.45.223 made this comment on the main page, i moved it here: "and to who ever keeps changing this the u.s. census is way off the Eastern Shore it self has a pop. of 80,000 North Baldwin has a pop. of 70,000 South baldwin has a pop. of 100,000 and Central Baldwin has a pop. of 20,000" TastemyHouse 01:38, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Does anyone have accurate sources of population, other than the 2000 census, which says ~140,000. I lived here in 2000, and I can assure you that the comment Tastemyhouse speaks cannot possibly be true. The largest city in the County, Daphne only has 16000 people. Evan Seeds (talk) 05:13, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Beach Photo
The Beach photo is of Perdido Key, which is in Florida —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.194.153.78 (talk) 00:41, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, there is an article here, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1303, that might be useful as an external link. Thanks, Justin --Duboiju (talk) 16:38, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

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Talk:Barbour County, Alabama

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Talk:Bibb County, Alabama

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title: Talk:Bibb County, Alabama


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Talk:Blount County, Alabama

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Stockholms ström

Stockholms ström (The Stream of Stockholm), also known as Strömmen (The Stream), in Stockholm is the innermost part of Saltsjön, a bay of the Baltic Sea. It continues into Lake Mälaren through Norrström and Söderström.

title: Stockholms ström


text:
Talk:Bullock County, Alabama

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title: Talk:Bullock County, Alabama


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Talk:Butler County, Alabama

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Wright County, Iowa

Wright County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,943. The county seat is Clarion. The county organization became effective in January 1851, and is believed to be named either after Silas Wright, a governor of New York, or Joseph Albert Wright, a governor of Indiana.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 582 sqmi, of which 580 sqmi is land and 1.8 sqmi (0.3%) is covered by water. The terrain is generally undulating. The county is intersected by the Boone and Iowa Rivers

Major highways

 * I-35.svg Interstate 35
 * US 69.svg U.S. Highway 69
 * Circle sign 3.svg Iowa Highway 3
 * Elongated circle 17.svg Iowa Highway 17

Adjacent counties

 * Hancock County - north
 * Cerro Gordo County - northeast
 * Franklin County - east
 * Hardin County - southeast
 * Hamilton County - south
 * Webster County - southwest
 * Humboldt County - west
 * Kossuth County - northwest

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 12,943 in the county, with a population density of. 93.48% of the population reported being of one race. There were 6,260 housing units, of which 5,404 were occupied.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 13,229 in the county, with a population density of. There were 6,529 housing units, of which 5,625 were occupied.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,334 people, 5,940 households, and 3,938 families residing in the county. The population density was 25 /mi2. There were 6,559 housing units at an average density of 11 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 95.93% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 2.90% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. 4.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,940 households, out of which 28.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.30% were married couples living together, 6.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.70% were non-families. 30.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.50% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 24.50% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 21.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 96.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,197, and the median income for a family was $44,043. Males had a median income of $29,398 versus $21,222 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,247. About 4.20% of families and 7.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.70% of those under age 18 and 6.40% of those age 65 or over.

Primary and secondary
School districts include:
 * Belmond-Klemme Community School District
 * Cal Community School District
 * Clarion-Goldfield-Dows Community School District
 * Eagle Grove Community School District
 * Humboldt Community School District
 * West Fork Community School District
 * West Hancock Community School District
 * Webster City Community School District

Former school districts:
 * Clarion-Goldfield Community School District
 * Corwith-Wesley Community School District
 * Dows Community School District
 * Northeast Hamilton Community School District
 * Sheffield Chapin Meservey Thornton Community School District

These three school districts in Wright County have or had high schools in the county: Clarion-Goldfield-Dows Community School District K-12 Enrollment 954 Eagle Grove Community School District K-12 Enrollment 836 Belmond-Klemme Community School District K-12 Enrollment 793

Tertiary
Iowa State University maintains an extension office in Clarion. Iowa Central Community College in Fort Dodge, North Iowa Area Community College in Mason City, and Ellsworth Community College in Iowa Falls are all within driving distance of Wright County. Iowa Central Community College began offering ICN Polycom classes in Clarion and Eagle Grove in 2015.

Politics
Wright County has, like many counties in Iowa, been a swing state for the majority of its history. The county has voted for the winning candidate in 21 out of the 25 presidential elections in the 20th Century. However, in 2000, the county was won by Republican George W. Bush and has voted for the party in all presidential elections since.

Media
Several small newspapers are published in Wright County, including the Wright County Monitor, serving Clarion and Dows, the Eagle Grove Eagle, and the Belmond Independent.

Wright County Fair
The first Wright County Fair was held in Clarion. The old fairgrounds were located where Clarion's USA Healthcare Center stands today. the Clarion Fair ran until 1924; it was held in Goldfield in 1925, and moved to its present location in Eagle Grove in 1926; it was later retitled as the Wright County District Junior Fair. Entries are open to children in Hamilton, Humboldt, Webster, Hardin, Franklin, and Wright Counties.

Cities

 * Belmond
 * Clarion
 * Dows
 * Eagle Grove
 * Galt
 * Goldfield
 * Rowan
 * Woolstock

Unincorporated communities

 * Holmes, Iowa

Townships

 * Belmond
 * Blaine
 * Boone
 * Dayton
 * Eagle Grove
 * Grant
 * Iowa
 * Lake
 * Liberty
 * Lincoln
 * Norway
 * Pleasant
 * Troy
 * Vernon
 * Wall Lake
 * Woolstock

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Wright County.

† county seat

title: Wright County, Iowa


text:
Worth County, Iowa

Worth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,443. The county seat is Northwood. The county was founded in 1851 and named for Major General William Jenkins Worth (1794–1849), an officer in both the Seminole War and the Mexican–American War.

Worth County is part of the Mason City, IA Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 402 sqmi, of which 400 sqmi is land and 1.8 sqmi (0.5%) is water. It is the fourth-smallest county in Iowa by land area and third-smallest by total area.

Major highways

 * I-35.svg Elongated circle 27.svg Interstate 35/Iowa Highway 27
 * US 65.svg U.S. Highway 65
 * US 69.svg U.S. Highway 69
 * Circle sign 9.svg Iowa Highway 9

Adjacent counties

 * Freeborn County, Minnesota (north)
 * Mower County, Minnesota (northeast)
 * Mitchell County (east)
 * Cerro Gordo County (south)
 * Winnebago County (west)

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 7,443 in the county, with a population density of. 96.49% of the population reported being of one race. 91.76% were non-Hispanic White, 0.81% were Black, 2.83% were Hispanic, 0.11% were Native American, 0.43% were Asian, 0.01% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 4.04% were some other race or more than one race. There were 3,480 housing units, of which 3,127 were occupied.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 7,598 in the county, with a population density of. There were 3,548 housing units, of which 3,172 were occupied.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 7,909 people, 3,278 households, and 2,265 families in the county. The population density was 20 /mi2. There were 3,534 housing units at an average density of 9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 98.37% White, 0.28% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. 1.57%. were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 3,278 households 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 7.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.90% were non-families. 27.60% of households were one person and 14.30% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.88.

The age distribution was 24.30% under the age of 18, 6.50% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 19.40% 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.20 males.

The median household income was $36,444 and the median family income was $41,763. Males had a median income of $27,927 versus $20,897 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,952. About 6.30% of families and 8.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.60% of those under age 18 and 7.80% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Fertile
 * Grafton
 * Hanlontown
 * Joice
 * Kensett
 * Manly
 * Northwood

Census-designated place

 * Bolan

Townships

 * Barton
 * Bristol
 * Brookfield
 * Danville
 * Deer Creek
 * Fertile
 * Grove
 * Hartland
 * Kensett
 * Lincoln
 * Silver Lake
 * Union

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Worth County.

† county seat

Politics
From its inaugural election in 1860 through 1928, Worth County backed the Republican candidate in every election with the exception of 1912, when former Republican Theodore Roosevelt won as the Progressive candidate. From 1932 to 1980, the county was a bellwether, backing the nationwide winner in every election in that span except for 1960. For the next eight elections, Worth County favored the Democratic nominee in every election, each time by a margin of at least 10% except for 1984. In 2016, the county shifted back to the right, with Donald Trump winning nearly 58% of the vote in Worth County with a margin of victory of almost 22%. He improved on this in 2020, taking almost 62% of the vote and winning by a margin of victory of nearly 26%, the best performance by any candidate since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, the best performance by a Republican since Herbert Hoover in 1928, and the best margin of victory for any candidate since 1928 as well.

title: Worth County, Iowa


text:
Woodbury County, Iowa

Woodbury County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,941, making it the sixth-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat is Sioux City.

Woodbury County is included in the Sioux City metropolitan area.

History
Originally established in 1851 as Wahkaw County, the Iowa Legislature in 1853 changed the name to Woodbury County in honor of Levi Woodbury (1789–1851), a senator and governor of New Hampshire who served as a Supreme Court justice from 1844 until his death.

The first county seat of Wahkaw County was the now-extinct village of Thompsonville; when the Legislature changed the county name to Woodbury, the new county seat became Sergeant's Bluff (now Sergeant Bluff). The county seat was moved to Sioux City in 1856.

The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska (Ho-Chunk) owns reservation land in Woodbury County.

Geography
The county is on the western edge of Iowa, with its western border being the Missouri River.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 878 sqmi, of which 873 sqmi is land and 4.9 sqmi (0.6%) is water. It is the third-largest county by area in Iowa.

Major highways

 * I-29.svg Interstate 29
 * I-129.svg Interstate 129
 * US 20.svg U.S. Highway 20
 * US 75.svg U.S. Highway 75
 * US 77.svg U.S. Highway 77
 * Elongated circle 12.svg Iowa Highway 12
 * Elongated circle 31.svg Iowa Highway 31
 * Elongated circle 140.svg Iowa Highway 140
 * Elongated circle 141.svg Iowa Highway 141
 * Elongated circle 175.svg Iowa Highway 175

Transit

 * Sioux City Transit
 * List of intercity bus stops in Iowa

Adjacent counties

 * Plymouth County (north)
 * Cherokee County (northeast)
 * Ida County (east)
 * Monona County (south)
 * Thurston County, Nebraska (southwest)
 * Dakota County, Nebraska (west)
 * Union County, South Dakota (northwest)

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 105,941 in the county, with a population density of. 90.93% of the population reported being of one race. There were 42,701 housing units, of which 39,904 were occupied.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 102,172 in the county, with a population density of. There were 41,454 housing units, of which 39,052 were occupied.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 103,877 people, 39,151 households, and 26,426 families residing in the county. The population density was 119 PD/sqmi. There were 41,394 housing units at an average density of 47 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 87.48% White, 2.02% Black or African American, 1.69% Native American, 2.41% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 4.37% from other races, and 1.99% from two or more races. 9.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 39,151 households, 34.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.90% were married couples living together, 11.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.50% were non-families. 26.60% of households were one person and 11.20% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.13.

The age distribution was 27.30% under the age of 18, 10.20% from 18 to 24, 28.30% from 25 to 44, 20.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.40% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males.

The median household income was $38,509 and the median family income was $46,499. Males had a median income of $31,664 versus $22,599 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,771. About 7.20% of families and 10.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.60% of those under age 18 and 7.40% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
For much of the second half of the 20th century, Woodbury County tilted Republican, albeit not as overwhelmingly as most of western Iowa. Between 1988 and 2012 Woodbury County was the quintessential swing county in Iowa. No candidate won it by more than 3.5% over that quarter-century. This was the only county in Iowa that Barack Obama won in 2012 that he failed to carry in 2008. However, in 2016, Woodbury County swung over dramatically to Donald Trump, who carried it by a 19 percent margin, the largest margin of victory since Lyndon Johnson's landslide election in 1964.

Cities

 * Anthon
 * Bronson
 * Correctionville
 * Cushing
 * Danbury
 * Hornick
 * Lawton
 * Moville
 * Oto
 * Pierson
 * Salix
 * Sergeant Bluff
 * Sioux City
 * Sloan
 * Smithland

Unincorporated communities

 * Climbing Hill (a census-designated place)
 * Discord
 * Holly Springs
 * Luton
 * Midway
 * Owego

Townships

 * Arlington
 * Banner
 * Concord
 * Floyd
 * Grange
 * Grant
 * Kedron
 * Lakeport
 * Liberty
 * Liston
 * Little Sioux
 * Miller
 * Morgan
 * Moville
 * Oto
 * Rock
 * Rutland
 * Sioux City
 * Sloan
 * Union
 * West Fork
 * Willow
 * Wolf Creek
 * Woodbury

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Woodbury County.

† county seat

title: Woodbury County, Iowa


text:
Winneshiek County, Iowa

Winneshiek County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,070. The county seat is Decorah.

History
A largely rural and agricultural county, Winneshiek County has a rich cultural history from Czech, Slovak, English, Irish, German, Swiss, and Norwegian immigrants that have settled within its boundaries.

The county was originally settled in 1848 in present-day Bloomfield Township (near Castalia, Iowa) and in Washington Township (near Fort Atkinson, Iowa). It was organized in 1847, and named after a chief of the Winnebago tribe.

In 1980, Winneshiek County reported a population of 21,842. Like much of Iowa during the 1980s it witnessed a population loss, dropping to 20,847 according to the 1990 United States Census. However, during the 1990s the county experienced some mild growth and was able to rise above the 21,000 mark once again.

Government and elected officials
As of 2010, the Winneshiek County government had a total of 785 employees and staff.

Politics
Like all Iowa counties, Winneshiek is governed by an elected partisan Board of Supervisors. Winneshiek County's Board of Supervisors has five members elected by single-member districts of equal population. Other elected officials are the county attorney, auditor, sheriff and treasurer. The offices for the supervisors and county officers are located in the County Courthouse at the county seat.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 690 sqmi, of which 690 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi (0.04%) is water.

Major highways

 * US 52.svg U.S. Highway 52
 * Circle sign 9.svg Iowa Highway 9
 * Elongated circle 24.svg Iowa Highway 24
 * Elongated circle 139.svg Iowa Highway 139
 * Elongated circle 150.svg Iowa Highway 150

Adjacent counties

 * Fillmore County, Minnesota (northwest)
 * Houston County, Minnesota (northeast)
 * Allamakee County (east)
 * Fayette County (south)
 * Chickasaw County (southwest)
 * Howard County (west)
 * Clayton County (southeast)

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 20,070 in the county, with a population density of. 97.20% of the population reported being of one race. There were 8,916 housing units, of which 8,170 were occupied.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 21,056 in the county, with a population density of. There were 8,721 housing units, of which 7,997 were occupied.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,310 people, 7,734 households, and 5,189 families residing in the county. The population density was 31 /mi2. There were 8,208 housing units at an average density of 12 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.85% White, 0.51% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. 0.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 38.3% were of German, 31.7% Norwegian, 5.5% Irish and 5.1% Czech ancestry.

There were 7,734 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 16.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,908, and the median income for a family was $45,966. Males had a median income of $29,278 versus $21,240 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,047. About 5.1% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Calmar
 * Castalia
 * Decorah
 * Fort Atkinson
 * Jackson Junction
 * Ossian
 * Ridgeway
 * Spillville

Census-designated place

 * Burr Oak

Other unincorporated communities

 * Bluffton
 * Festina
 * Frankville
 * Highlandville
 * Hesper
 * Kendallville

Townships

 * Bloomfield
 * Bluffton
 * Burr Oak
 * Calmar
 * Canoe
 * Decorah
 * Frankville
 * Fremont
 * Glenwood
 * Hesper
 * Highland
 * Jackson
 * Lincoln
 * Madison
 * Military
 * Orleans
 * Pleasant
 * Springfield
 * Sumner
 * Washington

Ghost towns

 * Conover
 * Moneek
 * Sattre
 * Canoe

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Winneshiek County.

† county seat

Education
The following school districts have their administrative headquarters in the county:
 * Decorah Community School District
 * South Winneshiek Community School District
 * Turkey Valley Community School District

North Winneshiek Community School District was in the county, until it merged with Decorah CSD on July 1, 2018. The Decorah district and the Mabel-Canton Public Schools in Minnesota have an agreement where people who live in the Decorah district but closer to the Mabel-Canton schools than to Decorah schools can enroll in Mabel-Canton schools.

The following school districts have their administrative headquarters outside of the county but serve sections of Winneshiek County:
 * Allamakee Community School District
 * Howard–Winneshiek Community School District
 * Postville Community School District

title: Winneshiek County, Iowa


text:
Winnebago County, Iowa

Winnebago County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,679. The county seat is Forest City. The county was founded in 1847 and named after the Native American tribe. It is the location of the motor homes manufacturer Winnebago Industries.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 402 sqmi, of which 400 sqmi is land and 1.2 sqmi (0.3%) is water. It is Iowa's fifth-smallest county by land area and second-smallest by total area.

Adjacent counties

 * Faribault County, Minnesota (northwest)
 * Freeborn County, Minnesota (northeast)
 * Worth County (east)
 * Hancock County (south)
 * Kossuth County (west)
 * Cerro Gordo County (southeast)

Major highways

 * US 69.svg U.S. Highway 69
 * Circle sign 9.svg Iowa Highway 9

Airport

 * Forest City Municipal Airport

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 10,679 in the county, with a population density of. 96.07% of the population reported being of one race. There were 5,077 housing units, of which 4,512 were occupied.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 10,866 in the county, with a population density of. There were 5,194 housing units, of which 4,597 were occupied.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 11,723 people, 4,749 households, and 3,181 families in the county. The population density was 29 /mi2. There were 5,065 housing units at an average density of 13 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.37% white, 0.18% black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. 2.02% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 4,749 households 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.90% were married couples living together, 7.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.00% were non-families. 29.40% of households were one person and 14.70% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.91.

The age distribution was 24.10% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 24.10% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 18.90% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median household income was $38,381 and the median family income was $47,306. Males had a median income of $30,720 versus $22,509 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,494. About 5.00% of families and 8.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.90% of those under age 18 and 8.20% of those age 65 or over.

History
"When the first white settlers came into the county, and for some years thereafter, roving bands of Winnebago Indians made their temporary home within the limits of the county. At times there would be as many as one hundred living along the Lime Creek valley or about Coon Grove, and at other times there would be but a mere handful ... During the summer seasons they would cache their cooking utensils, leave their tepees standing and go northward into Minnesota to hunt and trap. At that time the Winnebago agency was located about forty miles north of Forest City." The Winnebago were removed after the Dakota War of 1862.

Initial settlement was in the wooded eastern third of the county, with prairie and marshy areas in the west being settled after 1880. Early teachers in Winnebago County were required to be able to converse in the language of their pupils. Many of the county's pioneers were of Norwegian descent.

The oldest standing structure in the county is Trinity Church, built in 1874.

In 1938, the Winnebago Rural Electric Cooperative was established. The first section of lines was energized on January 3, 1940.

A 1951 movie by the Rural Electrification Administration featured local residents describing the struggles for adequate phone service in Winnebago County, prior to the federal loan which enabled the Winnebago Cooperative Telephone Association to convert the area to modern dial service.

The Winnebago Industries RV manufacturing company was founded in Forest City in 1958.

The Winnebago Historical Society is located in the Mansion Museum in Forest City.

Cities

 * Buffalo Center
 * Forest City
 * Lake Mills
 * Leland
 * Rake
 * Scarville
 * Thompson

Townships

 * Buffalo
 * Center
 * Eden
 * Forest
 * Grant
 * King
 * Lincoln
 * Linden
 * Logan
 * Mount Valley
 * Newton
 * Norway

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Winnebago County.

† county seat

Politics
Winnebago County has backed the statewide winner in every presidential election since 1996 with the exception of 2012, when it backed losing Republican Mitt Romney by just 3 votes over incumbent Democrat Barack Obama.

title: Winnebago County, Iowa


text:
Webster County, Iowa

Webster County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,999. The county seat is Fort Dodge. The county was established in January 1851, one of 43 counties established by a legislative package. This county was named after Daniel Webster, an American statesman noted for his moving oratory.

Webster County comprises the Fort Dodge, IA Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 718 sqmi, of which 716 sqmi is land and 2.8 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

Major highways

 * US 20.svg U.S. Highway 20 – runs east–west across central Webster County, through Moorland and Coalville.
 * US 169.svg U.S. Highway 169 – enters northern Webster County at mid-county and runs south to Harcourt. It runs four miles east, then turns south to exit the county.
 * Circle sign 7.svg Iowa Highway 7 – enters western Webster County running east from Manson. It runs east to its terminus at US Highway 169 at Fort Dodge.
 * Elongated circle 175.svg Iowa Highway 175 – enters southeastern Webster County, running west from Stratford. It runs west and south–north to its connection to US Highway 169, four miles east of Harcourt.
 * Elongated circle 144.svg Iowa Highway 144 – enters southern Webster County near its midpoint. It runs north to its connection to Iowa Highway 175, three miles west of Harcourt.

Transit

 * Dodger Area Rapid Transit
 * List of intercity bus stops in Iowa

Airport
The Fort Dodge Regional Airport (FOD) is located just north of Fort Dodge. It is primarily a general aviation airport. Daily direct flights are operated to Lambert-St. Louis International Airport and Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, with connecting service through Mason City to Chicago O'Hare International Airport.

Adjacent counties

 * Boone County (southeast)
 * Calhoun County (west)
 * Greene County (southwest)
 * Hamilton County (east)
 * Humboldt County (north)
 * Pocahontas County (northwest)
 * Wright County (northeast)

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 36,999 in the county, with a population density of. 94.86% of the population reported being of one race. There were 16,937 housing units, of which 15,046 were occupied.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 38,013 in the county, with a population density of. There were 17,035 housing units, of which 15,580 were occupied.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 40,235 people, 15,878 households, and 10,304 families in the county. The population density was 56 /mi2. There were 16,969 housing units at an average density of 24 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 93.39% White, 3.39% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.10% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. 2.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 15,878 households 30.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.80% were married couples living together, 9.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.10% were non-families. 30.30% of households were one person and 13.10% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.97.

The age distribution was 24.50% under the age of 18, 11.10% from 18 to 24, 25.50% from 25 to 44, 21.60% from 45 to 64, and 17.40% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 100.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.20 males.

The median household income was $35,334 and the median family income was $43,772. Males had a median income of $31,047 versus $23,042 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,857. About 6.70% of families and 10.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.30% of those under age 18 and 7.00% of those age 65 or over.

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Webster County.

† county seat

Cities

 * Badger
 * Barnum
 * Callender
 * Clare
 * Dayton
 * Duncombe
 * Fort Dodge
 * Gowrie
 * Harcourt
 * Lehigh
 * Moorland
 * Otho
 * Stratford (in Webster and Hamilton Counties)
 * Vincent

Census-designated place

 * Coalville

Unincorporated communities

 * Burnside
 * Lanyon

Townships
Townships include:

 * Badger
 * Burnside
 * Clay
 * Colfax
 * Cooper
 * Dayton
 * Deer Creek
 * Douglas
 * Elkhorn
 * Fulton
 * Gowrie
 * Hardin
 * Jackson
 * Johnson
 * Lost Grove
 * Newark
 * Otho
 * Pleasant Valley
 * Roland
 * Sumner
 * Wahkonsa
 * Washington
 * Webster
 * Yell

Notable people

 * Robert Schliske, member of the Wyoming House of Representatives, 1971–1975, born in Webster County

Politics
In every U.S. presidential election from 1984 to 2012, the Democratic candidate has won a majority in Webster County, but in 2016 the county voted for Republican Donald Trump by a wide margin, a nearly 27 point swing from 2012. In 2020, Trump received a larger percentage of the county's vote (over 61%) than any presidential candidate since Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

title: Webster County, Iowa


text:
Wayne County, Iowa

Wayne County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,497, making it the sixth-least populous county in Iowa. The county seat is Corydon.

History
Wayne County was formed in 1846 but was still attached to other counties for governmental purposes. It was named after General Anthony Wayne.

Its southern border with Missouri was uncertain until the states got a decision from the US Supreme Court in 1848 which held the 1816 Sullivan line (re-marked in 1850), originally run as the northern boundary of an Osage Indian cession. This line is not a true east–west line so the county does not have an exactly rectangular shape.

There had been settlement in this county as early as 1841 by persons thinking they were in Missouri, but the first settlers intending to be in Iowa came about 1848. Its government was organized and the county seat selected in 1851.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 527 sqmi, of which 525 sqmi is land and 1.7 sqmi (0.3%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 65.svg|x20px]] U.S. Highway 65
 * [[Image:Circle sign 2.svg|x20px]] Iowa Highway 2
 * [[Image:Elongated circle 14.svg|x20px]] Iowa Highway 14

Adjacent counties

 * Lucas County (north)
 * Appanoose County (east)
 * Putnam County, Missouri (southeast)
 * Mercer County, Missouri (southwest)
 * Decatur County (west)

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 6,497 in the county, with a population density of. 97.38% of the population reported being of one race. 95.43% were non-Hispanic White, 0.15% were Black, 0.94% were Hispanic, 0.26% were Native American, 0.38% were Asian, 0.03% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 2.80% were some other race or more than one race. There were 3,025 housing units, of which 2,585 were occupied.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 6,403 in the county, with a population density of. There were 3,212 housing units, of which 2,652 were occupied.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,730 people, 2,821 households, and 1,918 families residing in the county. The population density was 13 /mi2. There were 3,357 housing units at an average density of 6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 98.78% White, 0.06% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. 0.71% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,821 households, out of which 27.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.20% were married couples living together, 6.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.00% were non-families. 29.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.90% under the age of 18, 5.90% from 18 to 24, 23.40% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 23.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 91.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,380, and the median income for a family was $35,534. Males had a median income of $26,018 versus $18,310 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,613. About 10.80% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.20% of those under age 18 and 14.20% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

 * "Nones" is an unclear category. It is a heterogenous group of the not religious and intermittently religious. Researchers argue that most of the "Nones" should be considered "unchurched", rather than objectively nonreligious;  especially since most "Nones" do hold some religious-spiritual beliefs and a notable amount participate in behaviors.  For example, 72% of American "Nones" believe in God or a Higher Power.

Cities

 * Allerton
 * Clio
 * Corydon
 * Humeston
 * Lineville
 * Millerton
 * Promise City
 * Seymour

Unincorporated communities

 * Cambria
 * Confidence
 * Harvard
 * New York
 * Sewal

Ghost town

 * Big Spring

Townships

 * Benton
 * Clay
 * Clinton
 * Corydon
 * Grand River
 * Howard
 * Jackson
 * Jefferson
 * Monroe
 * Richman
 * South Fork
 * Union
 * Walnut
 * Warren
 * Washington
 * Wright

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Wayne County.

† county seat

title: Wayne County, Iowa


text:
Washington County, Iowa

Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,565. The county seat is Washington.

Washington County is included in the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Washington County was originally formed in 1838 as Slaughter County in honor of William B. Slaughter, the secretary of Wisconsin Territory. The county, still named Slaughter County, became part of Iowa Territory on July 4, 1838, when it was organized. To honor George Washington, the county opted to change its name on January 25, 1839. The first White American colonizers arrived in Washington County in 1835, and began establishing individual domiciles in 1836. A settlement, Astoria, was built in the present township of Oregon; it became the first county seat and housed the first court house. The county seat was moved to the city of Washington in 1839.

The first religious society, organized by Reverend J.L. Kirkpatrick, a Methodist minister was created in 1839. The first newspaper was established in 1853; it was published for two years. In 1856 another newspaper started up; it has continued to the present. The major waterways through Washington County are the Skunk and English Rivers, and Crooked Creek. Timber is found in abundance around these waterways, which has allowed a timber industry to grow up. In 1855 Washington hosted the county's first bank. The county population swelled after 1858, when a railway line belonging to the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad was laid there.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 571 sqmi, of which 569 sqmi is land and 2.1 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

Major highways

 * US 218.svg U.S. Highway 218
 * Circle sign 1.svg Iowa Highway 1
 * Elongated circle 22.svg Iowa Highway 22
 * Elongated circle 27.svg Iowa Highway 27
 * Elongated circle 78.svg Iowa Highway 78
 * Elongated circle 92.svg Iowa Highway 92

Adjacent counties

 * Iowa County (northwest)
 * Johnson County (northeast)
 * Louisa County (east)
 * Henry County (southeast)
 * Jefferson County (southwest)
 * Keokuk County (west)

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,670 people, 8,056 households, and 5,631 families residing in the county. The population density was 36 PD/sqmi. There were 8,543 housing units at an average density of 15 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 97.04% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.51% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. 2.73% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,056 households, out of which 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.30% were married couples living together, 6.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.10% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.10% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 26.80% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 17.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $39,103, and the median income for a family was $45,636. Males had a median income of $29,592 versus $22,818 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,221. About 5.10% of families and 7.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.30% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 21,704 in the county, with a population density of. There were 9,516 housing units, of which 8,741 were occupied.

2020 census
The 2020 census recorded a population of 22,565 in the county, with a population density of. 95.31% of the population reported being of one race. 83.15% were non-Hispanic White, 0.83% were Black, 7.14% were Hispanic, 0.31% were Native American, 0.51% were Asian, 0.01% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 8.04% were some other race or more than one race. There were 9,573 housing units, of which 8,916 were occupied.

Education
The county is served by 3 school districts
 * Highland Community School District
 * Mid-Prairie Community School District
 * Washington Community School District.

Highland Community School District includes:
 * Highland Elementary School
 * Highland Middle School
 * Highland High School

Cities

 * Ainsworth
 * Brighton
 * Coppock
 * Crawfordsville
 * Kalona
 * Riverside
 * Washington
 * Wellman
 * West Chester

Unincorporated communities

 * Noble
 * Rubio
 * Haskins

Townships

 * Brighton
 * Cedar
 * Clay
 * Crawford
 * Dutch Creek
 * English River
 * Franklin
 * Highland
 * Iowa
 * Jackson
 * Lime Creek
 * Marion
 * Oregon
 * Seventy-Six
 * Washington

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Washington County.

† county seat

title: Washington County, Iowa


text:
Bichon Frisé

The Bichon Frisé or Bichon à Poil Frisé is a Franco-Belgian breed of small toy dog of bichon type. It was recognised by the Société Centrale Canine in 1933 and by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1959.

Etymology
The French word bichon comes from Middle French bichon ('small dog'), a diminutive of Old French biche ('female dog', cognate with English bitch), from Old English bicce, and related to other Germanic words with the same meaning, including Old Norse bikkja, and German Betze. Some speculate the origin of bichon to be the result of the apheresis, or shortening, of the word barbichon ('small poodle'), a derivative of barbiche ('shaggy dog'); however, this is likely impossible, since the word bichon (attested 1588) is older than barbichon (attested 1694). While the English name for the breed, Bichon Frise, is derived from the French bichon à poil frisé meaning 'curly haired small dog'.

History

The dogs found early success in Spain and it is generally believed that Spanish seamen introduced the early breed to Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Their association with European nobility began in the 13th century, entering the royal courts of Spain, Italy and France. In the 14th century, Italian sailors rediscovered the dogs on their voyages and are credited with returning them to continental Europe.

The Bichon à Poil Frisé was recognised by the Société Centrale Canine in 1933. It was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in October 1959.

Some of the dogs were brought to the United States in 1955 and to the United Kingdom in 1973.

Appearance
The Bichon Frisé is a small dog, standing 23-30 cm at the withers and weighing approximately 5 kg, the weight varying in proportion to the height. The skull is rather flat, but may appear rounded; the muzzle tapers only slightly, and constitutes two-fifths of the length of the head. The nose is black, the eyes dark and round.

The coat is loosely curled in spirals or corkscrews, with a thick soft undercoat. It is always pure white; only in dogs under a year old may it be slightly tinged with beige, this extending over no more than 10% of the area of the body. The head and legs are proportionate in size to the body.

Health
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 12.5 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.

An American study looking at immune-mediated hemolytic anemia found a predisposition to the condition in the Bichon Frise, with 9% of cases belonging to the breed despite being 2% of the control population.

A study in the UK found the Bichon Frise to be predisposed to gall bladder disease (excluding gall bladder mucocele). The Bichon Frise was found to be 9.26 times more likely to acquire a non-mucocele gall bladder disease than other dogs.

title: Bichon Frisé


text:
Oligoclonal band

Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are bands of immunoglobulins that are seen when a patient's blood serum, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is analyzed. They are used in the diagnosis of various neurological and blood diseases. Oligoclonal bands are present in the CSF of more than 95% of patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis.

Two methods of analysis are possible: (a) protein electrophoresis, a method of analyzing the composition of fluids, also known as "SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)/Coomassie blue staining", and (b) the combination of isoelectric focusing/silver staining. The latter is more sensitive.

For the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, a sample is first collected via lumbar puncture (LP). Normally it is assumed that all the proteins that appear in the CSF, but are not present in the serum, are produced intrathecally (inside the central nervous system). Therefore, it is normal to subtract bands in serum from bands in CSF when investigating CNS diseases. A sample of blood serum is usually obtained from a clotted blood sample taken around the time of the LP.

Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis
OCBs are especially important for multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, normally only OCBs made of immunoglobulin G antibodies are considered, though sometimes other proteins can be taken into account, like lipid-specific immunoglobulin M. The presence of these IgM OCBs is associated with a more severe course.

Typically for an OCB analysis, the CSF is concentrated and the serum is diluted. After this dilution/concentration prealbumin appears as higher on CSF. Albumin is typically the dominant band on both fluids. Transferrin is another prominent protein on CSF column because its small molecular size easily increases its filtration in to CSF. CSF has a relatively higher concentration of prealbumin than does serum. As expected large molecular proteins are absent in CSF column. After all these bands are localized, OCBs should be assessed in the γ region which normally hosts small group of polyclonal immunoglobulins.

New techniques like "capillary isoelectric focusing immunoassay" are able to detect IgG OCBs in more than 95% of multiple sclerosis patients.

Even more than 12 OCBs can appear in MS. Each one of them represent antibody proteins (or protein fragments) secreted by plasma cells, although why exactly these bands are present, and which proteins these bands represent, has not yet been fully elucidated. The target antigens for these antibodies are not easy to find because it requires to isolate a single kind of protein in each band, though new techniques are able to do so.

In 40% of MS patients with OCBs, antibodies specific to the viruses HHV-6 and EBV have been found.

HHV-6 specific OCBs have also been found in other demyelinating diseases. A lytic protein of HHV-6A virus was identified as the target of HHV-6 specific oligoclonal bands.

Though early theories assumed that the OCBs were somehow pathogenic autoantigens, recent research has shown that the IgG present in the OCBs are antibodies against debris, and therefore, OCBs seem to be just a secondary effect of MS. Nevertheless, OCBs remain useful as a biomarker.

Diagnostic value in MS
Oligoclonal bands are an important indicator in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Up to 95% of all patients with multiple sclerosis have permanently observable oligoclonal bands at least for those with European ancestry. The last available reports in 2017 were pointing to a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 87% for differential diagnosis versus MS mimickers (specificity respect unselected population should be equal or higher).

Other application for OCBs is as a tool to classify patients. It is known since long ago that OCB negative MS patients have a slower evolution. Some reports point that the underlying condition that causes the MS lesions in these patients is different. There are four pathological patterns of damage, and in the majority of patients with pattern II and III brain lesions oligoclonal bands are absent or only transiently present.

Heterogeneity
It has been reported that oligoclonal bands are nearly absent in patients with pattern II and pattern III lesion types.

Six groups of patients are usually separated, based on OCBs:

 * type 1,  no  bands  in  CSF  and  serum;
 * type 2,  oligoclonal  IgG  bands in CSF,
 * type 3, oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum with additional bands in CSF;
 * type 4, identical oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum,
 * type 5, monoclonal bands in CSF and serum,
 * type 6, presence of a single band limited to the CSF.

Type 2 and 3 indicate intrathecal synthesis, and the rest are considered as negative results (No MS).

Alternatives
The main importance of oligoclonal bands was to demonstrate the production of intrathecal immunoglobins (IgGs) for establishing a MS diagnosis. Currently alternative methods for detection of this intrathecal synthesis have been published, and therefore it has lost some of its importance in this area.

A specially interesting method are free light chains (FLC), specially the kappa-FLCs (kFLCs). Several authors have reported that the nephelometric and ELISA FLCs determination is comparable with OCBs as markers of IgG synthesis, and kFLCs behave even better than oligoclonal bands.

Another alternative to oligoclonal bands for MS diagnosis is the MRZ-reaction (MRZR), a polyspecific antiviral immune response against the viruses of measles, rubella and zoster found in 1992.

In some reports the MRZR showed a lower sensitivity than OCB (70% vs. 100%), but a higher specificity (92% vs. 69%) for MS.

Bands in other diseases
The presence of one band (a monoclonal band) may be considered serious, such as lymphoproliferative disease, or may simply be normal—it must be interpreted in the context of each specific patient. More bands may reflect the presence of a disease.

Diseases associated
Oligoclonal bands may be found in:

 * Multiple sclerosis
 * Lyme disease
 * Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease)
 * Systemic lupus erythematosus
 * Neurosarcoidosis
 * Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
 * Subarachnoid hemorrhage
 * Syphilis
 * Primary central nervous system lymphoma
 * Sjögren's syndrome
 * Guillain–Barré syndrome
 * Meningeal carcinomatosis
 * Multiple myeloma
 * Parry–Romberg syndrome

title: Oligoclonal band