text:
Coffeyville, Kansas

Coffeyville is a city in southeastern Montgomery County, Kansas, United States, located along the Verdigris River in the state's southeastern region. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,826. Coffeyville is the most populous city of Montgomery County, and the home to Coffeyville Community College. The town of South Coffeyville, Oklahoma is approximately 1 mile south of the city.

History
This settlement was founded in 1869 as an Indian trading post by Col. James A. Coffey, serving the population across the border in what was then the Indian Territory. The town was stimulated in 1871 by being made a stop on the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad, which connected it to other markets and developments. With the arrival of the railroad, a young surveyor, Napoleon B. Blanton, was dispatched to lay out the town. The naming of the town was left to the toss of a coin between Col. Coffey and U.S. Army Captain Blanton. Coffey won the toss and the town was officially named Coffeyville.

The city was incorporated in 1872, but the charter was voided as illegal, and the city was re-incorporated in March 1873.

As a frontier settlement, Coffeyville had its share of violence. On October 5, 1892, four of the Dalton Gang were killed in a shootout during an attempted bank robbery; Emmett Dalton survived with 23 gunshot wounds and later pleaded guilty to second-degree murder, although he later asserted that he never fired a shot during the robbery. He served 14 years before being pardoned. The gang had been trying to rob the First National and Condon banks, located across the street from each other. Law enforcement personnel and civilians recognized them under their disguises of fake beards and attacked the gang members as they fled one of the banks. Three civilians and a local marshal, Charles T. Connelly, died defending the town. The town holds an annual celebration each October to commemorate the Dalton Raid. After the discovery of its resources of plentiful natural gas and abundant clay, Coffeyville enjoyed rapid growth from 1890 to 1910, as its population expanded sixfold. Many of the Coffeyville buildings now appearing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) were built during this time period. They include the Old Condon National Bank (now the Perkins Building, c. 1890, added 1/12/1973), the Brown Mansion (c. 1904-1907, added 12/12/1976), the new larger Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (c. 1907, added 7/28/1995), the Midland Theater (c. 1928, added 2/9/2005), and the Charles M. Ball House (c. 1906-1908, added 2/7/2011).

From the turn of the 20th century to the 1930s, Coffeyville was one of the largest glass and brick manufacturing centers in the nation. During this same period, the development of oil production attracted the founding of several oil field equipment manufacturers, and more workers and residents.

In March 1927, a racially charged riot occurred after three African American men were arrested on a false accusation of raping two teenage girls. A white mob stormed the jail, but were unable to locate the three men. The mob then attacked African Americans on the streets. Kansas National Guardsmen arrived and restored order.

Early Sunday School
In 1930 residents who were members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) organized a Sunday School; it was one of only 11 places in Kansas to have such a facility then.

Coffeyville Multiscope
Coffeyville industrialist Douglas Brown founded Coffeyville Multiscope, which produced components of the Norden bombsight. This played a determining role in the perfection of precision daylight bombing during World War II as a result of the bombsight's advanced accuracy and drift correction capability.

2007 flood
On July 1, 2007, Coffeyville suffered a major flood when the Verdigris River crested at 10 feet above flood stage and flooded approximately a third of the city. The flood topped the local refinery (Coffeyville Resources LLC) levees by 4 feet, allowing oil to pollute the water. Approximately 1700 barrels (71,000 gallons) of crude oil mingled with the already contaminated flood waters. The EPA worked to prevent the oil and flood water mix from continuing downriver, where it could damage the water in Oologah Lake near Oologah, Oklahoma. Many residential water supplies are drawn from that lake. A minimal amount of oil reached Oologah Lake, and it did not pose a threat to the water supplies of other cities along the Verdigris River or from the lake. A number of animals were found dead or injured in flood areas, covered with oil.

By July 2, areas east of Patterson Street were off limits, and a curfew was enacted in other areas of the city. On July 3, the city lost its supply of potable water, but the water service was restored and the order to boil water rescinded on July 7. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Red Cross came to aid residents, and Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius and President George W. Bush declared the city a federal disaster area. Most displaced residents found shelter with family and friends, but many were sheltered in two area churches and a senior citizens' apartment complex. Some pets were rescued to a temporary animal shelter built for them at LeClere Park.

The flooded area on the city's east side was reopened on July 11 for residents and business owners to begin assessing damage and to retrieve salvageable items. In order to focus on the post-flood recovery and clean-up, the city and state cancelled the 2007 Inter-State Fair & Rodeo. The ongoing flood recovery included a wholesale environmental remediation of the flood-affected eastern portion of the city, which continued through late 2008 to early 2009. Many of the flood-damaged homes were purchased by Coffeyville Resources LLC as a part of its effort to compensate the homeowners affected by the oil spill.

Geography
Coffeyville is in the southeast corner of Kansas, about 75 mi north of Tulsa, Oklahoma, and 60 mi west of Joplin, Missouri. The city is situated about one-half mile north of the Oklahoma state line along the west bank of the Verdigris River. The city is the location of the lowest point in the state of Kansas at 679 ft above sea level. Coffeyville Municipal Airport is a few miles northeast of the city along US-169. Though Coffeyville is the largest city in Montgomery County, the county seat is Independence, 16 mi northwest of the city.

Coffeyville, specifically a spot just north of Coffeyville Country Club, is the default center starting point of Google Maps, being the accidental center point of the default starting map being displayed, which shows the 48 contiguous United States. (Lawrence, Kansas also claims to be the Google center as it has been the default mid point of the interactive 3D map Google Earth ). Other locations that are considered to be the geographic center of the contiguous United States are also in Kansas.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.43 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Coffeyville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Coffeyville was 113 F on August 4, 2012, while the coldest temperature recorded was -22 F on February 10, 2011.

Demographics
Coffeyville has experienced a slow and steady population decline since around 1960, when its population peaked at more than 17,000. Changes in industry and oil production have caused a loss of jobs in the area, and residents have moved to find work. As of 2006 the population was estimated to be 0 in the year,.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 8,826 people, 3,587 households, and 2,013 families in Coffeyville. The population density was 932.1 per square mile (359.9/km$2$). There were 4,538 housing units at an average density of 479.2 per square mile (185.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 64.66% (5,707) white or European American (61.93% non-Hispanic white), 11.18% (987) black or African-American, 4.2% (371) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.71% (63) Asian, 0.06% (5) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 6.47% (571) from other races, and 12.71% (1,122) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 12.62% (1,114) of the population.

Of the 3,587 households, 27.5% had children under the age of 18; 35.4% were married couples living together; 33.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 38.4% of households consisted of individuals and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.8% of the population.

23.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 105.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $34,727 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,105) and the median family income was $41,726 (+/- $7,041). Males had a median income of $26,747 (+/- $6,181) versus $17,207 (+/- $2,741) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $20,489 (+/- $2,163). Approximately, 20.5% of families and 26.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.1% of those under the age of 18 and 16.5% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 10,295 people, 4,226 households, and 2,456 families residing in the city. The population density was 1385.6 PD/sqmi. There were 5,021 housing units at an average density of 675.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 72.3% White, 11.7% African American, 5.0% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 3.3% from other races, and 6.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.4% of the population.

There were 4,226 households, of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.9% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.9% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 22.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

2000 census
As of the U.S. Census in 2000, there were 11,021 people, 4,691 households, and 2,847 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,562.1 PD/sqmi. There were 5,550 housing units at an average density of 786.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 75.76% White, 12.12% Black or African American, 4.97% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.63% from other races, and 4.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.82% of the population.

There were 4,691 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.0% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,542, and the median income for a family was $33,180. Males had a median income of $29,199 versus $17,940 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,182. About 10.9% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Coffeyville has a long history as a center of industry and manufacturing. Coffeyville Resources operates a 100,000 barrels per day refinery and a large nitrogen fertilizer plant, using a unique Texaco process of ammonia extraction from coke byproducts produced in the refinery. Sherwin-Williams Chemical Co. has operated a smelting facility in the community since 1909. Coffeyville is also home to John Deere Corporation's Coffeyville Works, which is a major manufacturer of off-road equipment automatic transmissions for the construction, agriculture and mining industries. Acme Foundry is a foundry that has been in operation since 1905 and employs more than 300 people.

Taylor Crane & Rigging is a regional hauling operation, full-service industrial mover and craning services company. Taylor also maintains a facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Other nearby in-county employers include Cessna Aircraft Division of Textron and Spears Manufacturing, a large producer of extruded PVC pipe products.

Southwire Corp is a maker of stranded and solid core wire and acquired the Leviton Industries facility of American Insulated Wire in 2010. The plant was closed in 2014.
 * Historic

Coffeyville was home to an Amazon.com warehouse from 1999 to 2015. It was closed because Amazon was shifting to warehouses closer to large cities. The facility was previously operated by Golden Books.

Public
The community is served by Coffeyville USD 445 public school district, which educates around 2,000 students in three facilities. The district has one early learning center, one large consolidated elementary school with four pods and an Age-to-Age kindergarten, one middle school and one high school.
 * Field Kindley High School, grades 9–12, named after Field Kindley.
 * Roosevelt Middle School, grades 7–8.
 * Community Elementary School, grades K–6. Age-to-Age Kindergarten
 * Dr. Jerry Hamm Early Learning Center, grades preschool.

Private

 * Holy Name School, grades PK-6, parochial private school operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wichita.

College
Advanced education is provided by Coffeyville Community College at three campuses. The main campus and technical trades campus are each in Coffeyville, while a third campus is in Columbus, Kansas. Four-year college degrees are offered by Oklahoma Wesleyan University, Friends University and Sterling College at the main Coffeyville Community College campus. Coffeyville Community College has a long history of academic and athletic success.

Transportation
Bus service is provided northward towards Kansas City, Missouri and southward towards Tulsa, Oklahoma by Jefferson Lines (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines). Coffeyville and surrounding communities are also served by Connections Transportation which has its headquarters in nearby Independence, Kansas. Coffeyville has two railroads that serve the community, the Union Pacific Railroad and a short line railroad, South Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad which is owned by Watco. Coffeyville is served by two U.S. highways, US 166 which runs east-west from where the highway enters from the east at the Verdigris River bridge on Northeast Street to Eleventh Street, and exits to the west at the Union Pacific Railroad viaduct on Eighth Street. US 169 which is a north-south highway, enters from the east at the Verdigris River bridge on Northeast Street to Eleventh Street, then turns left just past the Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad overpass onto Walnut Street and continues south on Walnut Street] and exits the city and continues south towards Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Coffeyville Municipal Airport (KCFV; FAA ID: CFV), about 4 miles northeast, has two runways, the longest 5868 ft x 100 ft. Commercial air transportation is available out of Tulsa International Airport, about 66 miles south.

Media
The Coffeyville Journal is the local newspaper, published twice a week.

One AM and three FM radio stations are licensed to and/or broadcast from Coffeyville. KGGF (AM) broadcasts on 690 AM, playing a News/Talk format. KUSN, a Country station, is licensed to Dearing, Kansas, but broadcasts from Coffeyville on 98.1 FM. KGGF-FM, licensed to Fredonia, Kansas, broadcasts an Oldies format from Coffeyville on 104.1 FM. KQQF is licensed to Coffeyville and broadcasts on 98.9 FM.

Coffeyville is in the Tulsa, Oklahoma television market.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Coffeyville include:

 * Mildred "Micky" Axton, aviator and educator
 * Terry Beeson, NFL linebacker, Seattle Seahawks
 * Bob Bettisworth, member of Alaska House of Representatives
 * Mildred Burke, member of the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Phil Ehart, drummer of the rock band Kansas
 * Wade Flemons, former member of the music group Earth, Wind & Fire
 * Mondriel Fulcher, NFL player
 * Denver David Hargis, Kansas politician
 * Kenyon Hopkins, musician and composer
 * Walter Johnson, Hall of Fame baseball player
 * Ron Kenoly, popular worship leader
 * Field Eugene Kindley, aviator and World War I ace
 * Jack "Dusty" Kleiss, World War II naval aviator, Navy Cross recipient, credited with sinking two Japanese aircraft carriers on June 4, 1942.
 * Omar Knedlik, inventor of the ICEE frozen drink
 * Rudy May, former Major League baseball pitcher
 * Harold Clement McGugin, U.S. Congressman, 1931–1935
 * William Mueller, professional wrestler known as "Trevor Murdoch" and "Jethro Holiday"
 * Gary Paxton, record producer, recording artist, songwriter
 * W. Ann Reynolds, zoologist, administrator at four universities
 * Lafayette "Reb" Russell, football player and western movie actor
 * Johnny Rutherford, race car driver, 3-time Indy 500 winner
 * Henry Schichtle, football player
 * Cynthia Sikes, actress
 * Frank Wickware, Negro leagues and Pre-Negro leagues baseball pitcher
 * Wendell Willkie, 1940 Republican presidential candidate

title: Coffeyville, Kansas


text:
Dearing, Kansas

Dearing is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 382.

History
The first post office in Dearing was established in January 1888. Dearing was incorporated in 1909.

On March 25, 1925, The city was affected by the Tri-State tornado, damages included destroyed homes and a gas station

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.52 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 382 people, 171 households, and 114 families in Dearing. The population density was 252.3 per square mile (97.4/km$2$). There were 188 housing units at an average density of 124.2 per square mile (47.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 77.49% (296) white or European American (76.44% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 6.02% (23) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.05% (4) Asian, 0.26% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 15.18% (58) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.36% (9) of the population.

Of the 171 households, 31.6% had children under the age of 18; 50.3% were married couples living together; 16.4% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 29.2% of households consisted of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.4. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 8.1% of the population.

19.9% of the population was under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 20.2% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 92.5 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $53,125 (with a margin of error of +/- $17,581) and the median family income was $56,463 (+/- $6,930). Males had a median income of $51,346 (+/- $14,349). The median income for those above 16 years old was $32,083 (+/- $12,172). Approximately, 3.1% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under the age of 18 and 4.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 431 people, 187 households, and 124 families residing in the city. The population density was 283.6 PD/sqmi. There were 209 housing units at an average density of 137.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.8% White, 0.2% African American, 5.8% Native American, 0.2% from other races, and 7.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.

There were 187 households, of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.7% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 43.2 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 31.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 415 people, 175 households, and 123 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,339.1 PD/sqmi. There were 203 housing units at an average density of 655.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.53% White, 0.48% African American, 3.86% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 2.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.

There were 175 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,361, and the median income for a family was $30,417. Males had a median income of $28,472 versus $20,139 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,745. About 10.6% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Coffeyville USD 445 public school district.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dearing, Kansas


text:
Elk City, Kansas

Elk City is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States, along the Elk River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 260.

History
Elk City had its start in the year 1868 by the building of a trading post at that location. The first post office in Elk City was established in November 1869.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.34 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 260 people, 106 households, and 69 families in Elk City. The population density was 769.2 per square mile (297.0/km$2$). There were 144 housing units at an average density of 426.0 per square mile (164.5/km$2$). The racial makeup was 88.08% (229) white or European American (85.77% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 1.54% (4) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 10.38% (27) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.46% (9) of the population.

Of the 106 households, 28.3% had children under the age of 18; 53.8% were married couples living together; 21.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.1% of households consisted of individuals and 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.7% of the population.

20.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $26,719 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,988) and the median family income was $27,321 (+/- $15,247). Males had a median income of $20,000 (+/- $13,854) versus $25,625 (+/- $16,803) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $25,078 (+/- $15,376). Approximately, 36.2% of families and 38.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.5% of those under the age of 18 and 9.8% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 325 people, 132 households, and 91 families residing in the city. The population density was 955.9 PD/sqmi. There were 172 housing units at an average density of 505.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 0.6% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 132 households, of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.1% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 42.3 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.7% were from 45 to 64; and 20.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.0% male and 48.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 305 people, 135 households, and 83 families residing in the city. The population density was 889.7 PD/sqmi. There were 170 housing units at an average density of 495.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.75% White, 2.62% Native American, 0.98% from other races, and 1.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.30% of the population.

There were 135 households, out of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,000, and the median income for a family was $35,833. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $17,708 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,152. About 15.0% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 5.8% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Independence USD 446 public school district.

Notable people
Harry Hines Woodring, 25th Governor of Kansas and 53rd United States Secretary of War

title: Elk City, Kansas


text:
Havana, Kansas

Havana is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 84.

History
Havana was founded about 1870, when a general store was built there. It was named after Havana, Illinois. The first post office in Havana was established in 1871.

Havana experienced growth in 1886 when the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway was extended to that point. It incorporated as a city in 1910.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.13 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 84 people, 37 households, and 27 families in Havana. The population density was 535.0 per square mile (206.6/km$2$). There were 44 housing units at an average density of 280.3 per square mile (108.2/km$2$). The racial makeup was 88.1% (74) white or European American (86.9% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 7.14% (6) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.19% (1) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 3.57% (3) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.57% (3) of the population.

Of the 37 households, 32.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.9% were married couples living together; 35.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 21.6% of households consisted of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 3.6% of the population.

19.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 20.2% from 25 to 44, 33.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 100.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $29,167 (with a margin of error of +/- $26,185) and the median family income was $57,917 (+/- $24,354). Approximately, 17.6% of families and 23.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 14.3% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 104 people, 47 households, and 30 families residing in the city. The population density was 800.0 PD/sqmi. There were 63 housing units at an average density of 484.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 2.9% Native American, and 3.8% from two or more races.

There were 47 households, of which 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.2% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.73.

The median age in the city was 50 years. 14.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.2% were from 25 to 44; 32.6% were from 45 to 64; and 24% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 86 people, 42 households, and 25 families residing in the city. The population density was 640.1 PD/sqmi. There were 55 housing units at an average density of 409.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.70% White, 4.65% Native American, and 4.65% from two or more races.

There were 42 households, out of which 19.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.62.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.6% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 34.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,625, and the median income for a family was $34,107. Males had a median income of $25,313 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,996. There were no families and 6.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 8.3% of under eighteens and 19.2% of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Caney Valley USD 436 public school district.

title: Havana, Kansas


text:
Independence, Kansas

Independence is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,548. It was named in commemoration of the Declaration of Independence. It is "home" of Independence Community College.

History
Independence was settled on land that was purchased from the Osage Indians in September 1869 by George A. Brown for the price of $50. The Osage were forced to move to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) to make way for white settlement. Brown originally called the townsite Colfax after Schuyler Colfax, vice president under President Ulysses S. Grant. On August 21, 1869 a group of Oswego, Kansas men led by R. W. Wright settled there with the intent to make Independence the county seat. E. E. Wilson and F D. Irwin opened the first store in October 1869, naming it Wilson & Irwin Groceries. Independence was designated county seat in 1870.

On April 17, 1930 the city was the first to use a permanent lighting system for an exhibition baseball game: it was held between the Independence Producers and House of David semi-professional baseball team of Benton Harbor, Michigan. The Independence team won with a score of 9 to 1 before a crowd of 1,700 spectators.

Miss Able, a rhesus monkey, was born at Ralph Mitchell Zoo. Miss Able along with Miss Baker, a squirrel monkey, became the first monkeys that the United States used in its space program to fly in space; they returned alive on May 28, 1959.

Geography
Independence is located along the Verdigris River just south of its confluence with the Elk River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.75 sqmi, of which, 7.74 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Climate
Independence has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by hot, humid and unpleasant summers, and chilly though extremely variable winters. Precipitation is heavy in summer due to frequent incursions of very moist air from the Gulf of Mexico: as much as 7.69 in fell on May 27, 1984 and a maximum daily fall of 3.49 in can be expected in an average calendar year. The wettest month has been June 2007 when 19.53 in was reported, whereas July 1935 saw a mere 0.03 in. The winters are drier and cold, although temperatures in winter are very erratic, ranging from an average of four afternoons in the three winter months above 70 F to an average of three mornings below 0 F. Winters are much drier than the summer, with November 1986 and October 1952 seeing not even a trace of precipitation.

Overall the wettest calendar year has been 1908 with 60.29 in – although the incomplete year of 2007 likely had more than this – and the driest 1952 with only 18.27 in. The hottest month has been July 1936 with an average of 88 F and a mean maximum of 104.8 F, while the coldest has been January 1979 with an average of 18.8 F, a mean maximum of only 28.9 F and a mean minimum of 8.7 F. The hottest monthly mean minimum was in July 2011 with a mean low as high as 74.3 F.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 8,548 people, 3,627 households, and 2,088 families in Independence. The population density was 1,114.6 per square mile (430.4/km$2$). There were 4,380 housing units at an average density of 571.1 per square mile (220.5/km$2$). The racial makeup was 79.12% (6,763) white or European American (76.13% non-Hispanic white), 5.5% (470) black or African-American, 1.66% (142) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.88% (75) Asian, 0.05% (4) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 2.56% (219) from other races, and 10.24% (875) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 8.24% (704) of the population.

Of the 3,627 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18; 36.8% were married couples living together; 32.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 36.0% of households consisted of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.8. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 15.8% of the population.

24.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $38,963 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,924) and the median family income was $50,299 (+/- $5,851). Males had a median income of $31,436 (+/- $4,208) versus $23,707 (+/- $4,084) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $27,652 (+/- $3,039). Approximately, 14.7% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.3% of those under the age of 18 and 12.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,483 people, 3,950 households, and 2,430 families living in the city. The population density was 1225.2 PD/sqmi. There were 4,528 housing units at an average density of 585.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.2% White, 6.5% African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 2.3% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% of the population.

There were 3,950 households, of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.5% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 36.9 years. 26% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 15.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,846 people, 4,149 households, and 2,609 families living in the city. The population density was 1,979.4 PD/sqmi. There were 4,747 housing units at an average density of 954.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.00% White, 7.17% African American, 1.16% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.10% from other races, and 2.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.84% of the population.

There were 4,149 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32, and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,574, and the median income for a family was $37,134. Males had a median income of $26,552 versus $20,017 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,496. About 11.4% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

Colleges
The Independence Community College main campus is located two miles south of the city. ICC West Campus is located in the city one mile west of the downtown. Each semester, over 1000 students are enrolled at ICC.

Primary and secondary education
The community is served by Independence USD 446 public school district.
 * Independence High School (9–12)
 * Independence Middle School (6–8)
 * Jefferson Elementary School (3–5)
 * Eisenhower Elementary School (PreK–2)

Private schools

 * Zion Lutheran School (PreK–8)
 * St. Andrew School (PreK–8)
 * Independence Bible School (PreK–12)

Special education

 * Tri-County Education Co-operative, special education (all grades)

Highway transportation
Independence is located at the intersection of US-75 and US-160.

Railroad transportation
Independence is served by two railroad companies:

 * The Union Pacific Railroad is one of the largest class one railroads in the United States and operates on the former Missouri Pacific Railroad tracks. The headquarters for Union Pacific is located at Omaha, Nebraska.
 * The South Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad, which is a short line railroad owned by WATCO Companies based at Pittsburg, Kansas and operates on the former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway tracks.

Airports
The Independence Municipal Airport (IDP) is located 5 mi southwest of the center of the city.

Area events

 * The Neewollah Festival takes place in late October. Neewollah is "Halloween" spelled backwards.

Area attractions

 * Independence Community College is home to the William Inge Center for the Arts, which maintains the archives of playwright and alumnus, William Inge. The center utilizes the writer's boyhood home for a playwrights-in-residence program, and sponsors the annual William Inge Festival. Each year during the festival a lifetime achievement award is bestowed on a nationally recognized American playwright.
 * The State of Kansas designated the childhood home of Laura Ingalls Wilder and the Ingalls family near Independence as a historic site; it is open to visitors. It is the location where the Charles Ingalls family resided between 1869-1871 and is described in his daughter Laura Ingalls Wilder's book Little House on the Prairie. It includes a cabin modeled after the original and a post office from nearby community of Wayside. The Sunnyside School, a one-room schoolhouse that was moved to the site, is also featured. Much of the surrounding countryside retains its open and undeveloped nature. Then located on the Osage reservation, the property is now within the boundaries of the William Kurtis Ranch about 13 miles southwest of downtown Independence, east of the unincorporated community of Wayside.
 * At the 1964 New York World's Fair, Sinclair Oil sponsored a dinosaur exhibit, featuring life-size replicas of nine different dinosaurs. On flatbed trucks, they toured the United States. Headquartered in Independence, Sinclair Pipeline Company, a division of Sinclair Oil, was acquired by Atlantic Richfield (ARCO). After the acquisition by ARCO, one of the nine dinosaurs, the Corythosaurus, was donated to Riverside Park.
 * Elk City Lake and Elk City State Park are located approximately five miles west of Independence. There are six hiking trails located at Elk City Lake, two of which are notable for receiving a National Trails designation. It is also in this area that the ruins of the Le Hunt cement plant are located, although the site on private property.
 * Montgomery County State Lake is located approximately 4 miles (6.44 km) south of the city on county road 3600. The lake offers boating and fishing opportunities to the area.
 * Riverside Park and Ralph Mitchell Zoo is located on East Oak Street between Pennsylvania and Park Streets on the northeast side of the city. The park offers playground, 4-H, and meeting facilities, picnic areas, tennis courts, miniature golf, miniature train, and a merry go round. It is also the location of Emmot Field, the home field for sporting events for the Independence Middle School, Independence High School, and the Independence Community College. The Ralph Mitchell Zoo is the home for many species of mammals and reptiles, and was the homeplace of the rhesus macaque Miss Able, who was chosen by NASA alongside Miss Baker to test out space travel and become the first animals launched into space; she is commemorated with a sign. The park is also home to Shulthis Stadium and Emmot Field, which is the site of the first night baseball game, and the home field where Mickey Mantle began his professional baseball career.

Notable people

 * Taylor Armstrong, born as Shana Hughes, former reality show celebrity on The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills
 * Tacy Atkinson, Christian missionary
 * Sheila Bair, former chairwoman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
 * Gerry Bamman, actor
 * Benny Bartlett, actor
 * Elizabeth Broun, art historian
 * Donald Graham Burt, Academy Award winning production designer
 * Jim Halsey, artist manager, agent, and impresario
 * Sherman Halsey, music video producer and director, talent agent
 * Scott Hastings, NBA basketball player
 * William Wadsworth Hodkinson, founded Paramount Pictures and ventured into commercial aviation
 * Lyman U. Humphrey, newspaper editor, banker, 7th Governor of Kansas
 * William Inge, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, Academy Award-winning screenwriter
 * Bill Kurtis, television journalist
 * Alf Landon, 1936 Republican presidential candidate, 26th Governor of Kansas
 * Mary Howard de Liagre, actress
 * Mickey Mantle, Major league baseball hall-of-famer, started his professional baseball career in Independence.
 * Dave McGinnis, NFL coach
 * John Morris, composer
 * Gareth Porter, historian, author and international journalist
 * Derek Schmidt, former congressional aide, Kansas Senate Majority Leader and since 2011, Attorney General of Kansas
 * Jean Schodorf, former Kansas Senate Majority Leader and congressional candidate.
 * Harry F. Sinclair, founder of Sinclair Oil
 * Charlie Tidwell, sprinter/hurdler active between 1958–60
 * Vivian Vance, actress
 * Ron Warner, NFL football player

title: Independence, Kansas


text:
Liberty, Kansas

Liberty is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 99.

History
Liberty was laid out in 1869 about six miles southeast of Independence, Kansas. It is named for the popular American ideal of liberty. When the railroad was built through the county in 1870, Liberty relocated to its present site. The first post office in Liberty was established in May 1870.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.26 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Liberty has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 99 people, 46 households, and 30 families in Liberty. The population density was 394.4 per square mile (152.3/km$2$). There were 55 housing units at an average density of 219.1 per square mile (84.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 80.81% (80) white or European American (77.78% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 19.19% (19) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.03% (3) of the population.

Of the 46 households, 34.8% had children under the age of 18; 43.5% were married couples living together; 32.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 28.3% of households consisted of individuals and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.7 and the average family size was 2.5. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 0.0% of the population.

28.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 102.9 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $65,556 (with a margin of error of +/- $38,298). Females had a median income of $27,083 (+/- $12,192). The median income for those above 16 years old was $38,500 (+/- $20,231). Approximately, 15.4% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.3% of those under the age of 18 and 25.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 123 people, 58 households, and 36 families residing in the city. The population density was 473.1 PD/sqmi. There were 69 housing units at an average density of 265.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.1% White, 1.6% Native American, and 7.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 58 households, of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.9% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.72.

The median age in the city was 41.5 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 30.1% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 95 people, 50 households, and 29 families residing in the city. The population density was 369.0 PD/sqmi. There were 62 housing units at an average density of 240.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.26% White, 1.05% African American, 8.42% Native American, and 5.26% from two or more races.

There were 50 households, out of which 18.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.0% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 2.52.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.8% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,750, and the median income for a family was $32,500. Males had a median income of $26,667 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,917. There were 9.4% of families and 13.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 33.3% of under eighteens and 8.3% of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Coffeyville USD 445 public school district.

In Film
The Wes Anderson film The French Dispatch (2021) references and has scenes that takes place in the town, although not filmed on location. The character Arthur Howitzer Jr. played by Bill Murray was from Liberty.

title: Liberty, Kansas


text:
Tyro, Kansas

Tyro is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 177.

History
Tyro was laid out in the fall of 1886 when the Denver, Memphis & Atlantic railroad was first extended to that point. It was named from the English word tyro, which also means "beginner" or "novice".

Tyro was incorporated as a city in 1906.

Geography
Tyro is located at 37.03583°N, -95.82167°W (37.035742, -95.821679). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.53 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 220 people, 88 households, and 61 families residing in the city. The population density was 415.1 PD/sqmi. There were 106 housing units at an average density of 200.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.3% White, 1.4% African American, 5.9% Native American, 0.5% Asian, and 5.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 88 households, of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.7% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 40.4 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 29% were from 45 to 64; and 13.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 226 people, 90 households, and 64 families residing in the city. The population density was 428.0 PD/sqmi. There were 105 housing units at an average density of 198.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.71% White, 0.44% African American, 5.31% Native American, and 3.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44% of the population.

There were 90 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,750, and the median income for a family was $30,250. Males had a median income of $22,250 versus $15,556 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,608. About 10.4% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 6.9% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Caney Valley USD 436 public school district.

title: Tyro, Kansas


text:
Council Grove, Kansas

Council Grove is a city and county seat in Morris County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,140. It was named after an agreement between American settlers and the Osage Nation allowing settlers' wagon trains to pass westward through the area on the Santa Fe Trail. Pioneers gathered at a grove of trees so that wagons could band together for their trip west.

History

Council Grove was a stop on the Santa Fe Trail. The first European-American settler was Seth M. Hays, who came to the area in 1847 to trade with the Kaw tribe, which had a reservation established in the area in 1846. Hays was a great-grandson of Daniel Boone.

The Main street in Council Grove is the old Santa Fe Trail. The Rawlinson-Terwilliger Home, 803 West Main Street, is the oldest stone home on the Santa Fe Trail and houses the Trail Days Cafe & Museum.

A post office was established in Council Grove on February 26, 1855.

In 1858, the town was officially incorporated by the legislature. Hays also opened a restaurant in 1857, the Hays House, which is said to be the oldest continuously operating restaurant west of the Mississippi River.

The town has 15 sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places. One is the Post Office Oak. Travelers left their mail in this designated tree to be picked up by others going in the right direction. General Custer of the United States Army slept here with his troops during the American Civil War, under a large tree known now as the Custer Elm. The National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, was established in 1912, and was routed through Herington, Delavan, Council Grove.

In 1943, German and Italian prisoners of World War II were brought to Kansas and other Midwest states as a means of solving the labor shortage caused by American men serving in the war effort. Large internment camps were established in Kansas: Camp Concordia, Camp Funston (at Fort Riley), Camp Phillips (at Salina under Fort Riley). Fort Riley established 12 smaller branch camps, including Council Grove.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.01 sqmi, of which, 1.99 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water. The city is fifty-five miles southwest of Topeka.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Council Grove has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 2,140 people, 912 households, and 528 families in Council Grove. The population density was 1,002.3 per square mile (387.0/km$2$). There were 1,050 housing units at an average density of 491.8 per square mile (189.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.89% (1,945) white or European American (88.18% non-Hispanic white), 0.23% (5) black or African-American, 0.33% (7) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.23% (5) Asian, 0.05% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 2.15% (46) from other races, and 6.12% (131) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 7.1% (152) of the population.

Of the 912 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18; 43.3% were married couples living together; 31.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 36.6% of households consisted of individuals and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 20.5% of the population.

23.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 112.8 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $49,519 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,824) and the median family income was $64,722 (+/- $5,171). Males had a median income of $30,238 (+/- $8,095) versus $27,649 (+/- $1,905) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $27,799 (+/- $2,339). Approximately, 5.0% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under the age of 18 and 5.5% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,182 people, 991 households, and 565 families residing in the city. The population density was 1096.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,107 housing units at an average density of 556.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.8% White, 0.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 1.9% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.0% of the population.

There were 991 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.0% were non-families. 39.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the city was 45.9 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 24.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.8% male and 53.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,321 people, 1,002 households, and 634 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,293.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,099 housing units at an average density of 612.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.23% White, 0.26% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.47% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.11% of the population.

There were 1,002 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,949, and the median income for a family was $37,061. Males had a median income of $29,500 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,189. About 7.4% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over.

Area events

 * Heritage Rendezvous
 * Washunga Days

Area attractions
Presently, both the Council Grove Reservoir and the City Lake are popular for recreational activities. While both lakes are open to the public and motorized boats, most of the land around the City Lake is leased to the owners of over three hundred lake houses. Building is restricted on the larger Council Grove Reservoir but there are many well-positioned camp sites. Excellent fishing is found on these lakes as well. Walleye, crappie, white bass, and many more fish are in both the Council Grove Reservoir and the City Lake.
 * Allegawaho Heritage Memorial Park
 * Kaw Mission State Historic Site
 * 1857 Hays House
 * Madonna of the Trail monument
 * Trail Days Historic Site

Education

The community is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district. Council Grove High School is a high school located at 129 Hockaday St., Council Grove. Students from the surrounding areas travel to Council Grove to attend high school. Council Grove Middle School includes grades 6 through 8 and is located at 706 E Main St. Council Grove Elementary School includes kindergarten through the 5th grade and is attached to the middle school. The athletic teams are known as the Braves.

Transportation
Council Grove was located on the National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, that was established in 1912.

Notable people

 * Charles Curtis Vice President of the United States under Herbert Hoover 1929 - 1933, member Kaw Indian tribe.
 * Don Harvey, actor
 * Clara Hazelrigg, author, educator, social reformer
 * James Miller, U.S. Representative from Kansas
 * John Rhodes, United States House of Representatives from Arizona 1952 - 1983, House Republican Leader 1973 - 1981

Gallery

 * Historic Images of Council Grove, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library

title: Council Grove, Kansas


text:
Dunlap, Kansas

Dunlap is a city in Morris County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 27.

History
On March 19, 1874, a post office was established in Hillsborough, Kansas. It was later reestablished on April 20 of the same year as Dunlap, Kansas. This was named after an Indian agent representing the Kanza tribe named Joseph Gage Dunlap who had founded the town in 1869 once the Kanza tribe had migrated to Oklahoma. The town grew slowly after its founding, taking it five years to be eligible for a post office.

The town really started to take off when Benjamin "Pap" Singleton came to town in the spring of 1878. He was born a slave in 1809 in Nashville, Tennessee. At 37, in 1846, he escaped to freedom and made his way to Detroit and started an underground boarding house for other escaped slaves. Following the emancipation, he returned to Nashville.

Following the Civil War, newly freed slaves in the South enjoyed their time as free citizens. However, when military troops were removed their rights were no longer secure. This brought up the Ku Klux Klan and then continued to wreak havoc on African Americans. The Klan then continued to terrorize and killed African Americans if they did not bend to their will, and a new system of sharecropping and Jim Crow laws virtually re-enslaved African Americans. Singleton, having returned to the South, realized something needed to be done. Having knowledge that Kansas was famous for John Brown's efforts and its struggle against slavery he chose it as the place he would lead his people, treating it as a type of “promised land”. Singleton continued to support this effort by traveling across the South organizing groups of people to colonize in Kansas. His mission to free slaves never stopped and during the 1870s, he led a group of African Americans to Kansas. Here he formed Singleton's Colony which consisted of 200 black families and was situated on 7,500 acres of land. Singleton, however, encouraged only independent blacks to move to Kansas and was against the highly educated “political” ones as he wanted men that worked. Singleton moved to Dunlap in 1878. He then decided this is where we would lead more freed slaves escaping the South. He distributed posters and flyers boasting; “Sunny Kansas”, “one of the finest countries for a poor man in the world”, “plenty of stone and water, and wood on the streams”, and “large tracts of land, peaceful homes, and firesides, undisturbed by anyone”. Between 1877 and 1879, hundreds followed him to Kansas, some settling in Wyandotte, others in “Singleton’s Colony”, near Topeka, and finally in Dunlap. Dunlap was Singleton's biggest success giving himself the name “Father of the Exodus”. After this initial movement, the second wave of almost 20,000 African Americans migrated to Kansas. These people are known as Exodusters. They arrived daily in waves of hundreds of people between 1879 and 1880. Unlike the first group led by Singleton, the Exodusters came with no resources. The towns and communities they migrated too already struggled with supporting a large population, so this large influx of people did not help. These communities went to the state government for help in this, which resulted in the Kansas Freedmen's Relief Association in 1879. Established by Governor John St. John, the KFRA distributed resources for struggling African American families. This gave those with little resources the ability to improve their quality of life and be a vital part of their communities. Benjamin “Pap” Singleton died peacefully in 1900, in Kansas City, Missouri. Towards the end of his life, he was comforted by the fact that he led thousands to a better life in Kansas providing people of the future a better place to live.

After Singleton's death, the community continued to grow through the beginning of the 20th century. In 1880, the Presbyterian church's Rev. John M. Snodgrass was a missionary to the freedmen, and he founded the Freedmen's Academy. This was founded so that African Americans could have a proper education. The church is now collapsed and has been in disrepair since the 1930s. Because of the large influx of African Americans, the original settlers and townspeople of Dunlap were not originally happy that Singleton chose Dunlap as a relocation spot for freed slaves. In the late 1800s and early 20th century, the newly freed slaves faced some prejudice. However, it was nothing compared to the hate and terror they were put through in the South. While they were segregated in schools and businesses, African Americans were able to own and run their own. That is also why they had to find their own school. For certain parts of Dunlap's history, they were also confined to their own cemetery, Dunlap Colored Cemetery chartered in 1894.

Now after its founding, and after Singleton brought large numbers of Exodusters to Dunlap and its surrounding areas. At the turn of the century, Dunlap was home to hundreds of citizens and served as a major shipping port for the surrounding counties, Morris, Lyon, and Chase. Being located on the Neosho River the fields were fertile and it helped Dunlap grow even further. During its heyday, Dunlap was home to a blacksmith, the Guarantee State Bank, Baptist, Congregational and Methodist churches an ice cream lounge, a dairy factory producing cheese and butter, a hotel, and a flour mill. However, with racism still being present some store owners wouldn't let African Americans into their businesses and were forced to run their own. This segregation eventually fell away as Dunlap integrated stores and schools far before the rest of the country. With Dunlap being a virtual “promised land” for African Americans escaping racism in the South and while Dunlap had thrived in the early 20th century it fell victim to the Great Depression.

In the 1930s the Dust Bowl also occurred. The Dust Bowl was caused by poor farming techniques and resulted in dust storms across the country. This resulted in difficulties in growing crops. All these factors lead to the abandonment of small farming communities across the country, resulting in the ghost town. The last celebration of Juneteenth, a celebration of the day slaves heard they were emancipated, was in 1931. Eventually, the bank filed for bankruptcy and businesses closed. This was then followed by the school and then the church closing its doors, even the old Methodist church which was donated to the Kansas Historical Society. And just as fast as the population grew, it fell. Hundreds left to find a better life, many going to Kansas City, Council Grove, and other larger communities. Eventually, the economy came back and was stronger than it ever had been. However, the old Dunlap never returned and if it is known, it is only known as one of the many ghost towns of Kansas.

The post office finally closed its doors in 1988 marking the end of Dunlap. Dunlap is now an unincorporated territory of Kansas and is only home to roughly thirty people. Its last Black resident was buried in the colored cemetery on April 27, 1993, to be with family.

Dunlap Colored Cemetery
Dunlap Colored Cemetery, also known as the Exoduster Cemetery, was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places by Janet Kimbrell and the Morris County Historical Society. Dunlap's Colored Cemetery was built in response to segregation and the prejudice against the Exoduster community. The cemetery was first established in 1880 and is now occupied with over a hundred African American graves. Dunlap's Colored Cemetery was added to the register on September 14, 2018. The Cemetery was officially added for its association with the Exoduster's Movement and to “Pap” Singleton the Father of the Exodus.

Geography
Dunlap is located at 38.57583°N, -96.36611°W (38.575818, -96.366117). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.23 sqmi, all of it land. Dunlap is near the Neosho river which has historically caused issues with flooding.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Dunlap has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 27 people, 15 households, and 9 families in Dunlap. The population density was 109.8 per square mile (42.4/km$2$). There were 21 housing units at an average density of 85.4 per square mile (33.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 85.19% (23) white or European American (85.19% non-Hispanic white), 3.7% (1) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 11.11% (3) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.0% (0) of the population.

Of the 15 households, 13.3% had children under the age of 18; 46.7% were married couples living together; 6.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 26.7% of households consisted of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 4.1.

7.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 0.0% from 18 to 24, 37.0% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 25.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 58.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 66.7 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $53,438 (with a margin of error of +/- $30,379). Females had a median income of $20,000 (+/- $10,628) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $26,042 (+/- $13,535).

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 30 people, 11 households, and 10 families residing in the city. The population density was 130.4 PD/sqmi. There were 22 housing units at an average density of 95.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.7% White and 3.3% from two or more races.

There were 11 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 18.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 9.1% were non-families. 9.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 45.5 years. 16.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 16.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.6% were from 25 to 44; 36.7% were from 45 to 64; and 13.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 60.0% male and 40.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 81 people, 25 households, and 21 families residing in the city. The population density was 353.7 PD/sqmi. There were 28 housing units at an average density of 122.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.06% White, 1.23% from other races, and 3.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.23% of the population.

There were 25 households, out of which 52.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.0% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.0% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.62.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 38.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,500, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $43,750 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,939. There were 9.1% of families and 6.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district.

title: Dunlap, Kansas


text:
Dwight, Kansas

Dwight is a city in Morris County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 217.

History
Dwight had its start in the year 1887 by the building of the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway through that territory. It was named for Dwight Rathbone, the owner of the original town site. Dwight was incorporated as a city in 1903.

The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway was foreclosed in 1891 and taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad, merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad, merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".

A post office was established in Dwight on March 19, 1887.

Geography
Dwight is located at 38.8446°N, -96.59493°W (38.844602, -96.594935). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.37 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 217 people, 90 households, and 59 families in Dwight. The population density was 601.1 per square mile (232.1/km$2$). There were 113 housing units at an average density of 313.0 per square mile (120.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 82.95% (180) white or European American (82.95% non-Hispanic white), 1.38% (3) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.46% (1) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 15.21% (33) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.92% (2) of the population.

Of the 90 households, 26.7% had children under the age of 18; 55.6% were married couples living together; 27.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 33.3% of households consisted of individuals and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 23.5% of the population.

20.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 17.5% from 25 to 44, 35.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 102.4 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $45,536 (with a margin of error of +/- $15,927) and the median family income was $68,750 (+/- $19,136). Males had a median income of $38,750 (+/- $22,837) versus $15,750 (+/- $5,715) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $32,321 (+/- $5,152). Approximately, 8.5% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.9% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 272 people, 117 households, and 79 families residing in the city. The population density was 735.1 PD/sqmi. There were 136 housing units at an average density of 367.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.0% White, 1.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.8% of the population.

There were 117 households, of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.5% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 45.1 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 10% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.3% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 23.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 330 people, 143 households, and 90 families residing in the city. The population density was 886.8 PD/sqmi. There were 163 housing units at an average density of 438.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.85% White, 0.30% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 1.52% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.85% of the population.

There were 143 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,909, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $20,227 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,727. About 9.4% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Dwight government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 3rd Monday of each month at 7PM.

Education
The community is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district. The district high school is Council Grove High School.

Dwight schools were closed through school unification. The Dwight Rockets won the Kansas State High School boys class BB basketball championship in 1966 and 1967.

title: Dwight, Kansas


text:
Latimer, Kansas

Latimer is a city in Morris County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 31.

History
The community was originally called Far West, and was founded in about 1883. It was renamed Latimer in 1888. Latimer was the name of one of the town's founders.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a main line from Topeka through Latimer to Herington. The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway was foreclosed in 1891 and taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad, merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad, and merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".

The post office in Latimer was discontinued in 1961.

Geography
Latimer is located at 38.73778°N, -96.84611°W (38.737844, -96.846059). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.09 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 31 people, 9 households, and 8 families in Latimer. The population density was 516.7 per square mile (199.5/km$2$). There were 9 housing units at an average density of 150.0 per square mile (57.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 100.0% (31) white or European American (100.0% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 0.0% (0) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.0% (0) of the population.

Of the 9 households, 55.6% had children under the age of 18; 77.8% were married couples living together; 11.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 11.1% of households consisted of individuals and 0.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.0 and the average family size was 2.0.

32.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 12.9% from 25 to 44, 35.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 47.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 40.0 males.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 20 people, 9 households, and 5 families residing in the city. The population density was 222.2 PD/sqmi. There were 11 housing units at an average density of 122.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 9 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, and 44.4% were non-families. 44.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 3.20.

The median age in the city was 46 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15% were from 25 to 44; 40% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 21 people, 9 households, and 3 families residing in the city. The population density was 241.9 PD/sqmi. There were 13 housing units at an average density of 149.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.48% White and 9.52% Native American.

There were 9 households, out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, and 55.6% were non-families. 55.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 33.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.75.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 9.5% under the age of 18, 14.3% from 18 to 24, 38.1% from 25 to 44, 9.5% from 45 to 64, and 28.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,875, and the median income for a family was $13,750. Males had a median income of $20,000 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,536. There were no families and 18.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 40.0% of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Rural Vista USD 481 public school district.

title: Latimer, Kansas


text:
Parkerville, Kansas

Parkerville is a city in Morris County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 46.

History
A post office was established in Parkersville on August 9, 1870, then renamed to Parkerville on June 23, 1892. The post office closed on October 31, 1953. The city was incorporated as Parkerville in 1871. Parkerville was named for Charles G. Parker, a pioneer settler.

Geography
Parkerville is located at 38.76472°N, -96.6625°W (38.764622, -96.662441). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.12 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 59 people, 25 households, and 17 families residing in the city. The population density was 491.7 PD/sqmi. There were 32 housing units at an average density of 266.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 81.4% White, 13.6% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.6% of the population.

There were 25 households, of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.0% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the city was 34.3 years. 22% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 37.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.4% were from 45 to 64; and 11.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.8% male and 49.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 73 people, 22 households, and 17 families residing in the city. The population density was 602.0 PD/sqmi. There were 32 housing units at an average density of 263.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.63% White, 1.37% from other races. Hispanic or Hispanic of any race were 6.85% of the population.

There were 22 households, out of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.7% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.32 and the average family size was 3.94.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 42.5% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $32,188. Males had a median income of $17,292 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,792. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Education
The community is served by Rural Vista USD 481 public school district.

title: Parkerville, Kansas


text:
White City, Kansas

White City is a city in Morris County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 447.

History
White City was founded in 1871 by a colony from Chicago. It was named for F.C. White, superintendent of the Neosho division of the M-K-T Railroad, which was built on the land in 1868, prior to the existence of the community. Prior to the naming of the community, other names considered were "New Chicago" (because the founders came from Chicago) and "Swedeland" (because so many Swedes settled in the community).

The first post office in White City was established in January 1872.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a main line from Topeka through White City to Herington. The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway was foreclosed in 1891 and taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad, merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad, merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".

Geography
White City is located at 38.79528°N, -96.73667°W (38.795216, -96.736657). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.26 sqmi, of which, 1.25 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, White City has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 618 people, 238 households, and 169 families residing in the city. The population density was 494.4 PD/sqmi. There were 279 housing units at an average density of 223.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.3% White, 0.8% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 1.3% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 238 households, of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.0% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.05.

The median age in the city was 39.2 years. 26.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.8% male and 49.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 518 people, 218 households, and 149 families residing in the city. The population density was 416.3 PD/sqmi. There were 253 housing units at an average density of 203.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.37% White, 0.77% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 1.16% from other races, and 2.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.32% of the population.

There were 218 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,136, and the median income for a family was $39,423. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $18,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,603. About 5.7% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
White City is connected to the Union Pacific rail system.

Education
The community is served by Rural Vista USD 481 public school district. The community is served by a pre-kindergarten through grade 12 school with a mascot of Huskies. In most sports, however, the school consolidates with Hope High School to become the Rural Vista Heat.

title: White City, Kansas