text:
Talk:Michael Douglas

His father was Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Litvak from Gomel, today's Belarus
from former Lithuania.

What are you talking about? Michael's father (Kirk Douglas) is American born. (67.239.52.34 (talk) 23:35, 27 January 2016 (UTC))

 * Somebody mixed up father and grandfather. According to Kirk Douglas' memoirs The Ragman's Son, his father = Michael's grandfather was indeed from the East, maybe the now Lithuania. Kirk Douglas spoke Russian and probably als Yiddish. He once did an interview in German where he had a Yiddish accent. 2001:8003:A070:7F00:2015:2FBA:369B:AA4D (talk) 04:36, 27 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Is this important to this article? The accent of his father when he spoke German? Dcs002 (talk) 00:07, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

Other films
Filled out "other movies include..." Gotta love that IMDB ;-)

First para
The first paragraph is total gibberish.

 * Really? What's wrong with it.  It says who he is and what he does. — Frecklefoot | Talk 16:21, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

-Ummm, I don't think that Michael Douglas is a dinosaur.

Copyvio
-The "Personal" section is a word for word duplicate of his Bio on IMDB.

Needs work
The bio lacks some fairly important info - crucially his career which has been partially as a highly successful producer (Cuckoo's Next, Romancing the stone etc), and his acting. The career section lacks balance and has too much editorialising. Major Bloodnok 13:21, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

The bio also lacks even more crucial info relating to how a college grad in 1968, at the peak of the Vietnam War, managed to avoid military service. Perhaps Douglas was able to get deferments until the lottery came in, but the article simply ignores the most important issues for young men of that era -- the draft and the war. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.49.20.187 (talk) 05:39, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

the career section doesn't mention his starring role in the film Traffic, which was nominated for best picture at the oscars in 2000. Sfrostee 28 February 2008. —Preceding comment was added at 22:19, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Last addition in "Personal Life": Please get this right, he was diagnosed with throat cancer, not esophageal cancer, this is not the same. He currently has a squamous cell carcinoma of the throat. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mamarok (talk • contribs) 11:55, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

Return to Streets of San Francisco
I have an idea! why not start "Return to Street of San Francisco with Michael Douglas and he now has a rookie working with him. On some scenes Michael can have dejavu and can remember some of his training days with Stone. This would make a great show for next season. How about it Mr Douglas, want to play inspector Keller again? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.6.245.11 (talk) 23:47, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Compulsive sexual behavior?
I read in an AP article that Douglas has been clinically treated for sexually compulsive behavior. Is this true? Is it notable enough to be included in an article?--MichaelProcton (talk) 05:13, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Kirk Douglas
I am a big fan of Michael's dad, Kirk and find it odd that there is no notable mention of him in Mchael's geneology here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.169.252.247 (talk) 10:53, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
 * The early life section states that he is Kirk's eldest son. Jim Michael (talk) 02:57, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

Heavy smoker
The article needs to mention the fact that Douglas is a heavy cigarette smoker. (92.3.206.40 (talk) 14:33, 13 October 2010 (UTC))
 * It is unsourced, and by placing it there, you are implying that smoking caused the cancer. That is pure speculation. See WP:RS, WP:BLP, and WP:NOR. Nymf hideliho! 14:45, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

Douglas said himself in the Letterman interview that cigarettes and alcohol caused the cancer. In a 1996 interview he admitted smoking 40 cigarettes a day. (92.5.20.167 (talk) 16:18, 15 October 2010 (UTC))
 * WP:VERIFY. Nymf hideliho! 16:21, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

Cancer survivor?
Isn't it a bit soon to label Douglas a "cancer survivor"? The tumour was only detected in August, just a few months ago, and various reports online and in the newspapers state there is a 50% chance that it may return within the next five years. (HantersSpade (talk) 14:16, 12 January 2011 (UTC))
 * Partly true, but numerous sources have used the term "survivor" recently. If you find sources that state otherwise, you can add them for balance. --Wikiwatcher1 (talk) 02:59, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It may be true that the tumour has gone but Douglas will have to wait until 2016 before he will definitely know if he has survived the cancer. (HantersSpade (talk) 13:35, 13 January 2011 (UTC))
 * Anyone who has had cancer and has recovered fits the criteria of the category. We don't have to wait for the 5 yr all-clear. I removed the cat earlier this month before he stated that he no longer has cancer. Jim Michael (talk) 16:19, 15 January 2011 (UTC)

What if his throat cancer returns this year, like it did with George Harrison? (HantersSpade (talk) 21:16, 15 January 2011 (UTC))

 * HantersSpade, my first reaction was to agree with you, until I read cancer survivor. The term is defined externally to include people who are living with cancer but not in the terminal phase.   It could loosely be applied to any person who has been diagnosed with cancer and is still living.  By the information that we accept as accurate for our own article on the subject, Douglas fits the bill.  Rossrs (talk) 05:36, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Never saw that link. But now that you pointed it out, I personally wouldn't accept it as accurate. The very first sentence in the lead, defining it, seems incorrect based on the source, which includes, ". . . currently undergoing treatment for cancer or have done so in the past . . . " And is it really useful to add, "who is still living"? Aren't all "survivors" typically still living? In any case, it would be hard to imagine someone just diagnosed with cancer thinking of themselves as a "survivor." Two cents worth ;) --Wikiwatcher1 (talk) 06:26, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * That's true and worth a great deal more than two cents ;-) It's not a great article by any means, and I don't think a person falls under the heading of "survivor" as they're walking out the doctor's office after being given his or her diagnosis.  I expect that something has to happen first, whether it's treatment, or the passage of time, or subsequent medical testing.  I'm only looking at what is there to read.   Further on, our article quotes the The National Cancer Institute - "An individual is considered a cancer survivor from the time of diagnosis, through the balance of his or her life."  Again, where does it start, and is a person truly a "survivor" in their final minutes when nothing's keeping them alive but science?  I don't know.  In Douglas's case, he has had treatment, and some time has passed.  Broadly speaking, and based on external definitions of the term, I still think he meets it.  As our article says,  it's a loaded term and that's exactly why there are a number of sources using it.  It's emotive and it grabs attention.  On a side note, another phrase that I hate, hate, hate is "lost his/her battle with cancer".  I'm aghast to see a person with cancer demoted from "survivor", with its mix of accurate and inaccurate positive connotations,  to "loser" with its mix of accurate and inaccurate negative connotations, just because his or her body could no longer survive against the disease.  That's getting off-topic a little, but it's another example of the emotive language that surrounds discussion of this illness, and many others, to the point that it gains legitimacy by being used by legitimate news sources.  I'm not sure how we can rise above that, and perhaps, as this terminology is so widely used, we can't.  Rossrs (talk) 07:38, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * We should keep him in the category, unless he develops cancer again, in which case we will swap the cat for Category:Cancer patients. 'Battle with' is an emotive and inappropriate euphemism that should not be used to describe disease and / or death on any encyclopedia, unless it is in a quote from a relevant person and from a reliable source. Jim Michael (talk) 00:22, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

Error in Personal life section
On Catherine Zeta-Jones's page, it says the couple met in 1998. On Michael Douglas's page, it incorrectly states that the couple met in 2000- 2 months after their son was born. Clearly, the date should read 1998. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.42.50.51 (talk) 21:06, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It says they did a movie together in 2000. --Wikiwatcher1 (talk) 22:05, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

His date of birth cannot be 1952 !
C'mon, be serious, the guy was born at least 8 or 9 years before 1952. He's closer to 70 than 60, I swear. Imdb and many other sources have his birthyear as 1944, which seems acceptable. And he's Kirk Douglas's ELDEST son. These are bad errors. Cameron's his son born in 1978, not his brother. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.149.204.74 (talk) 18:26, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

Flawed logic for not acting in Cucko's Nest
Reading through the early years section, I noticed that it says he decided not to play the part in Cuckoo's nest, because, he thought he was too old. It then goes on to say that the part was offered to the "young Jack Nicholson". The simple truth is that Jack is a full 7 years older than Michael. As neither line is sourced as a quote, I assume this is just a simple logic error. I know this is somewhat minor, but, Im just doing my best to help out. Cheers! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.104.152.78 (talk) 06:40, 31 July 2011 (UTC)

Add familytree
Add familytree 91.197.170.85 (talk) 12:13, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Where are they now?
We might wonder what happened to the first wife, Diandra Luker, since her 1995 divorce. 109.154.233.80 (talk) 23:36, 15 April 2013 (UTC)

Throat Cancer
Should we mention that his Throat Cancer is actually due to oral sex and not heavy smoking? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.223.99.184 (talk) 08:16, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Supporting image
The supporting image File:Michael Douglas - Sharon Stone.jpg is being restored as it directly helps readers understand the text in the section of "Types of roles," ie. "his characters as the 'Everyman who must contend with, and be victimized by, these women and their raging, psychotic sexuality'." As WP:NFCC #8, requires "Contextual significance . . . if its presence would significantly increase readers' understanding of the topic, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding," this non-free scene still accomplishes that. --Light show (talk) 18:03, 24 August 2013 (UTC)
 * In no way does this image help the reader understand this point significantly (which, per the image rationale, the uploader clearly misunderstands anyway.) Hullaballoo Wolfowitz (talk) 18:21, 24 August 2013 (UTC)

So did he have oropharyngeal cancer?
When Douglas' cancer was first announced in August 2010 it was widely speculated to be oropharyngeal cancer. Since he has now confirmed the original announcement was incorrect, does this mean he did in fact have oropharyngeal cancer? (92.11.192.70 (talk) 14:54, 5 February 2014 (UTC))

Birth name
His birth name is Michael Issurovitch Demsky according to the study "Von Melvin Kaminsky zu Mel Brooks – Wie Hollywood sich einen Namen macht" by Nikola Kunz, mentioned in this article. Would need the study itself as reference, though. http://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/menschen/hollywood-kuenstlernamen-kommen-aus-der-mode-13088135.html --92.224.254.132 (talk) 22:11, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Added. The FAZ (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung) is a respected major newspaper. --92.224.254.132 (talk) 22:23, 8 August 2014 (UTC)
 * That is Michael's real name, as he was born before his father began his film career and changed his name to Kirk Douglas. (Gavsopmas (talk) 12:40, 8 August 2015 (UTC))

 * I really doubt and question this. Kirk Douglas says: Douglas grew up as Izzy Demsky and legally changed his name to Kirk Douglas before entering the Navy during World War II.
 * But Michael Douglas was not born until 1944, after his father was discharged from the Army. Thus, when he was born, his father was already "Kirk Douglas".  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  13:03, 8 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Kirk Douglas still used his real name, except for film roles. That is why his son was called Demsky. (Gavsopmas (talk) 18:40, 12 August 2015 (UTC))
 * You say that, but where is the proof? Please don't just go around saying so-and-so is the case, unless you can cite a reference from a reliable source.  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  18:49, 12 August 2015 (UTC)
 * There are numerous articles online citing his real name. This needs to be in his Wikipedia page as Michael publicly acknowledged that he is Jewish this year. (Gavsopmas (talk) 18:59, 12 August 2015 (UTC))
 * Well, it doesn't gel with what we say about the date of his father's name change, so we really need to get this sorted out, and not just by vaguely mentioning "numerous articles online". We need unimpeachable sources.  If one goes to the trouble of legally changing one's name (and I speak as one who's done that), what purpose is served by using the new name only in certain contexts but continuing to use the original name in other contexts?  Or ignoring the name change when naming one's children?  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  19:07, 12 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Kirk never wanted to change his name and remained proud of his Jewish heritage. It is likely he wanted his sons to have Jewish names too. He only used "Kirk Douglas" for his acting career. (Gavsopmas (talk) 15:57, 15 August 2015 (UTC))
 * This is Wikipedia. We deal with facts not what you personally think is "likely" based on your own thoughts and opinions! (Sellpink (talk) 21:10, 20 January 2023 (UTC))
 * Gavsopmas, please stop posting unsubstantiated statements and outright falsehoods. If these were true you'd be able to cite a source and not just insist that this is the case without ANY evidence. (Sellpink (talk) 21:17, 20 January 2023 (UTC))
 * Need "what" "sorted out" exactly? This Gavsopmas is simply making unsubstantiated claims that are refuted by know facts. We don't have to debate every ignoramus who posts this complete idiocy and treat it like they have a legitimate argument. If he had a valid contention it would be proven by facts and he doesn't have any. He simply insists, without evidence, that this is the case. Why would you engage in an interaction with such an uninformed and clearly ignorant person? There is no good faith here when someone arrogantly assumes that they should be just taken at their word sans facts! (Sellpink (talk) 21:22, 20 January 2023 (UTC))
 * Publicly stating your religion has NOTHING to do with your name. Michael Douglas was born with the name Michael Kirk Douglas. Anyone claiming otherwise is peddling misinformation and ignorance. (Sellpink (talk) 21:12, 20 January 2023 (UTC))
 * That isn't true. His name is Douglas and has always been. Please undertake some due diligence to assure factual accuracy before posting. Thank you (Sellpink (talk) 17:49, 20 January 2023 (UTC))
 * So what? You say it's a "respected newspaper" even if that's the case this is not true and calling something "respected" doesn't make something more factually likely. What is your point? (Sellpink (talk) 21:14, 20 January 2023 (UTC))
 * I have no clue as to who that nut is but Michael Kirk Douglas is the subject's birth name. We can't answer to every online kook spreading misinformation. (Sellpink (talk) 17:48, 20 January 2023 (UTC))

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Semi-protected edit request on 6 February 2020
In the family tree, there is a typo in the name of Lisa Schroeder. It's written as Schoeder. Pvhuf (talk) 19:11, 6 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 23:47, 27 February 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 October 2020
Please change "Diandra Luker, the daughter of an Austrian diplomat.[44][45]" to

"Diandra Luker, the daughter of an American Naval Officer, later a diplomatic attache', and the widowed Australian daughter of a blast furnace foreman, whom he had met and married while stationed in Sydney at the end of WWII2601:14D:8702:93A0:BCCA:1AC6:F82:D957 (talk) 20:58, 9 October 2020 (UTC)."

This can be verified via a search of Diandra's birth and travel records in Ancestry.com. 2601:14D:8702:93A0:BCCA:1AC6:F82:D957 (talk) 20:58, 9 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Ancestry.com is not a reliable source, we'd need a published source that has mentioned this. – Thjarkur (talk) 21:05, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

"Stonebridge Entertainment" listed at Redirects for discussion
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"Big Stick Productions" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Big Stick Productions. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 July 4 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. signed,Rosguill talk 19:00, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 November 2023
One of Michael Douglas's finest film, the plot of which is very relevant today is the 1983 release of THE STAR CHAMBER. The fact that it's not listed here leads me to believe he simply doesn't get enough credit for his OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE in this film. 50.237.254.18 (talk) 07:53, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Liu1126 (talk) 10:16, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Also noting that The Star Chamber does appear in the article. I'm not sure what information the IP wants to add. Liu1126 (talk) 10:18, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Requested change
Hi, I'm Ben and I work for Douglas. COI declared and looking forward to working with the community!

I'd like to propose slight adjustments to the language in the second half of the 4th paragraph of the health section to use correct WP:MEDLANG and remove excessive detail. The suggested revision would be:
 * In June 2013, Douglas told The Guardian that generally oropharyngeal cancer can be caused by the human papilloma virus transmitted by cunnilingus, leading some media to report this as well . His spokesman denied these reports and portrayed Douglas' conversation with The Guardian as general to the type of cancer and not referring specifically to his own diagnosis. >

Thanks for your time, BenKalman2024 (talk) 16:03, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

 * The edit you are offering changes the Guardian source to a completely different article that doesn't actually have anything to do with HPV and cunnilingus. Original source vs your suggestion. You are asking for more than a slight adjustment to the wording. ThaddeusSholto (talk) 16:10, 15 February 2024 (UTC)
 * , thank you for your review. I meant to include this Guardian source, already included in the article as source #6, and grabbed the wrong one. I have also bolded and struck through the slight modifications I am suggesting to the text to highlight those changes. Thanks again, BenKalman2024 (talk) 19:11, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I understand the point of the edit. It already says "his type of cancer" and changing that to "generally oropharyngeal cancer can be" is less accurate because nowhere in the source does it use the term "oropharyngeal cancer." What the article currently says is what the source says. ThaddeusSholto (talk) 21:06, 29 February 2024 (UTC)

Missing roles
Some of Douglas' more recent roles and recognition are not included in this article. I would be grateful for the community's assistance in making the following changes:
 * To the final paragraph of the 1980-2000 subsection, add this final sentence-
 * Douglas and the cast of Traffic were awarded a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.

Douglas starred in Don't Say a Word (2001), filmed shortly before his marriage to Zeta-Jones. In 2003, he starred in It Runs in the Family, which featured three generations of his family (his parents, Kirk and Diana, as well as his own son, Cameron). The film, although a labor of love, was not successful, critically or at the box office. Also in 2003, Douglas starred in The In-Laws. Douglas was awarded the Cecil B. DeMille Award at the Golden Globes in 2004. Michael and Kirk Douglas are the only father and son to have both been awarded this recognition. He then starred in and produced the action-thriller The Sentinel in 2006. During that time, he also guest starred on the episode "Fagel Attraction" of the television sitcom Will & Grace as a gay cop attracted to Will Truman (Eric McCormack); the performance earned Douglas an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Show. Douglas was also the voice of founding father Benjamin Franklin in Freedom: A History of US, the PBS television adaptation of Joy Hakim's 10-volume book A History of US.
 * To the 2001-present section, modify the first paragraph to include the highlighted content-

Douglas was approached for Basic Instinct 2, but he declined to participate in the project. In 2006, Douglas was Mr. Thompson in You, Me, and Dupree. The following year, Douglas played Charlie in King of California.
 * Also in the 2001-present subsection, add the highlighted text below to the current second paragraph-

This is what I've worked on so far. As I continue my research, I'd appreciate help with the above. BenKalman2024 (talk) 14:29, 13 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Hey, please write the complete paragraph how you would like it to be as I don't understand exactly where same of the text you add should be compared to existing text. It Runs in the Family, for example is already mentioned. Gonnym (talk) 08:30, 27 March 2024 (UTC)
 * , thanks for reviewing and pointing out what is already there. I've modified the request above and hope the additions I am looking to make are clearer now. Let me know if I can help further. Grateful for your time, BenKalman2024 (talk) 14:02, 28 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Added. Gonnym (talk) 20:22, 29 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Since this edit request seems to have been completed, I am going to close it. If not, please ping me or reopen the edit request. Thanks. ARandomName123 (talk)Ping me! 02:36, 31 March 2024 (UTC)

Unable to edit this article
I was going to add information about the fact that Michael Douglas is descended from the Revolutionary War figure John Neilson (colonel) (1745-1833), but I was unable to do so because it appears to be locked from editing. Please fix this ridiculous situation! 98.123.38.211 (talk) 23:40, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

Source: https://www.nj.com/entertainment/2024/04/michael-douglas-discovers-his-familys-big-nj-revolutionary-war-past-on-finding-your-roots.html 98.123.38.211 (talk) 23:40, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

 * See wp:ereq and follow the instructions there. Try to propose your changes in an x to y format.
 * Thanks for pointing this out, by the way! 🇺🇲JayCubby✡ please edit my user page! Talk 22:55, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Roles and recognition to add
Editors and, thank you for your help here before. I'd be grateful for your involvement and implementation again. I've done my best to lay out exactly where these changes/additions should be made to the Michael_Douglas subsection of Career; highlighted text is the new material to add after existing content. I recognize that this is a lot; if you give the green light, I'd be happy to implement myself.
 * Add the following to the current third paragraph:
 * In December 2007, Douglas began announcing the introduction to NBC Nightly News. Howard Reig, the previous announcer, had retired two years earlier. That same year, Douglas received the Career Achievement Award from the National Board of Review.

 * Introduce two new paragraphs below the current third paragraph, to become the fourth and fifth paragraphs:
 * In the late 2000s, Douglas starred in Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009), Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (2009), and Solitary Man (2009). In 2009, he was honored with the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award and the David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures from the Producers Guild of America. In 2011, Douglas voiced Waylon on Disney Channel's cartoon Phineas and Ferb and starred in the dramatic thriller Haywire. He was also honored that year by the French Minister of Culture with the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres with the rank of Officier.
 * In 2012, Douglas was honored with the Monte Cristo Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Eugene O'Neill Center for his "monumental achievements and contributions to the American and international theatre community."

 * Change the remaining content in that section as follows:
 * Douglas collaborated with Steven Soderbergh again on the 2013 film Behind the Candelabra, playing Liberace, opposite Matt Damon, centered on the pianist's life. His portrayal of Liberace received critical acclaim, which resulted in him receiving the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. He also won SAG and Golden Globe Awards for the performance. Also that year, he starred in Last Vegas, a comedy also starring Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman, and Kevin Kline. In 2014, Douglas starred alongside Diane Keaton in the romantic comedy, And So It Goes and he produced and starred in Beyond the Reach.
 * He played Hank Pym, the Marvel Comics superhero, in the films Ant-Man (2015), Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). In 2016, Douglas received his second Cesar d'Honneur for Career Achievement from the French Cesar Awards; the first was in 1998. In 2017, Douglas starred in the action thriller Unlocked.
 * In 2018, he starred with Alan Arkin in The Kominsky Method, playing Sandy Kominsky, an aging acting coach. He received a Golden Globe Award for his performance. The same year, he starred in a Chinese film, Animal World, based on the Japanese manga series Kaiji. In 2018, Douglas received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
 * Starting in 2019, Douglas voiced character Guy-I-Am in the Netflix animated series Green Eggs and Ham.
 * In 2023, Douglas again played Hank Pym in Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania. The Ant-Man films were directed by Peyton Reed and starred Paul Rudd. Douglas reprised his role, voicing Hank Pym in the animated series What If...(2021-2023).
 * In May 2023, Douglas was honored with an Honorary Palme d'or for Lifetime Achievement at the Cannes Film Festival and the Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award at the 54th International Film Festival of India in November 2023.

 * Relocate the misplaced last sentence currently in the 2001-present sub-section to the more appropriate Activism section.
 * Douglas is on the board of selectors of the Jefferson Awards for Public Service.

Thank you again for all your help, BenKalman2024 (talk) 13:34, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

 * I'm not talking as anyone with any say here, but in my opinion, if you disclosed you have a CoI, you post here the changes you want to make and let a few days for other editors to review and comment, there really isn't a need for me or anyone else to rubberstamp it. But that's just my opinion. Regarding the above, please review some of your links as they lead to disambiguation pages and not the target you actually wanted. Gonnym (talk) 08:21, 12 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Regarding citations, please don't use Rotten Tomatoes (or IMDb) as a casting source. I'm pretty sure there are better sources found for that in the relevant articles. Gonnym (talk) 08:24, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

Michael Douglas Misspelling

 * What I think should be changed:
 * Why it should be changed: Misspelling
 * References supporting the possible change (format using the "cite" button):

Johnnybravodidnothingwrong (talk) 12:20, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

 * ✅. Thanks for spotting that! My real namm  (💬talk · ✏contribs) at 12:57, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

Revised Activism content
I'm back to suggest revisions to the current Activism section of this article, to better organize the information and include additional activities. Most of the content in my suggestion below is not new; this draft is primarily designed to put the existing content in the proper place. I've done my best to highlight (in blue) new material being introduced. and, I welcome your input and feedback as you've been helpful in the past. == Activism == === Political activities === Douglas is a registered Democrat and has donated money to the campaigns of Barack Obama, Christopher Dodd, Al Franken, Edward Markey Michael Bloomberg, and Joe Biden. Douglas is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations(CFR). He also supports RepresentUs. In 2019, Douglas appeared in a short film for RepresentUs titled Unbreaking America:Divided We Fall. In 2023, Douglas was a key speaker at the American Democracy Summit in Los Angeles. Douglas is on the board of selectors of the Jefferson Awards for Public Service. Douglas is a major supporter of gun control since John Lennon was murdered in 1980. Since then Douglas has supported gun safety organizations like Everytown for Gun Safety and the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. He is an advocate of nuclear disarmament, a supporter of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, sits on the board of the Nuclear Threat Initiative, and is an honorary board member of the anti-war grant-making foundation Ploughshares Fund. In 1998, he was appointed UN Messenger of Peace by Secretary-General Kofi Annan. In 2003, Douglas hosted a "powerful film" on child soldiers and the impact of combat on children in countries such as Sierra Leone. During the documentary film, Douglas interviewed children, and estimated that they were among 300,000 other children worldwide who have been conscripted or kidnapped and forced to fight. Of one such child he interviewed, Douglas stated, "After being kidnapped by a rebel group, he was tortured, drugged, and forced to commit atrocities." Douglas discussed his role as a Messenger Peace for the UN: "I'm in an enviable position ... When I talk about movies I can talk about messages of peace, and infuse them into the entertainment pages." In 2006, he was a featured speaker in a United Nations-sponsored conference on the trade of illicit arms, especially of small arms and light weapons. Douglas made several appearances, saying: "The conference is an opportunity for UN member states to build on the Program of Action and to encourage countries to strengthen their laws on the illicit trade, ... an issue that affects us all ... [and] while owning guns is a legal right in most countries, the illegal trade in guns continues to fuel conflict, crime and violence." In 2009, Douglas joined the project Soldiers of Peace, a movie against all wars and for global peace. In February 2012, following his return to the character of financial criminal Gordon Gekko, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released a public service announcement video of Douglas calling on viewers to report financial crime. In August 2014, Douglas was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue. In 2023, Douglas served as executive producer and narrator for the political documentary by David Smick, America's Burning, that predicts a coming tidal wave of political, social, and economic division in America. Douglas and Zeta-Jones hosted the annual Nobel Peace Prize concert in Oslo, Norway on December 11, 2003. They acted as co-masters of ceremony in the concert celebrating the award given to Iranian human rights activist Shirin Ebadi. In 2006, Douglas was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. In 2010, Douglas supported a campaign to release Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, an Iranian woman, who after being convicted of committing adultery in Iran, was sentenced to death by stoning. In June 2015, during a visit in Israel to receive the Genesis Prize, Douglas said the boycott movement against that country is an "ugly cancer". In October 2023, Douglas joined over 700 other actors in signing an open letter condemning Hamas and demanding the safe return of hostages being held in Gaza. Thank you, BenKalman2024 (talk) 13:51, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

 * The Democrat link at the top leads to a disambiguation page, please fix that link. During the documentary film, if the film has a name please use it as it isn't clear what film the article is referring to. Citation number 5 is broken. I haven't verified that that citations say what you attribute them to saying and I'm WP:AGF here. After you fix the above 3 points, in my opinion it's good to go. Gonnym (talk) 07:38, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

Philanthropy
 Currently, this article does not include any of Michael Douglas' philanthropic activity. I am asking to add the following Philanthropy section to the article: : In a 2016 interview to Town & Country magazine, Douglas described his philanthropic giving as the “sprinkle approach”. He has given to over 70 organizations including Memorial Sloan-Kettering, the hospital where he was treated for cancer. Douglas is a benefactor of the Perelman Performing Arts Center in New York City. He attended the ribbon-cutting opening ceremony in September 2023. He is also a supporter of PEN America and has presented awards at the organization's annual galas. In 1999, Douglas funded the establishment of UC San Francisco’s Michael Douglas Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Center. Douglas is a supporter of the Clinton Global Initiative, part of the Clinton Foundation. In 2023, Douglas voiced the opening film, "Keep Going!" shown at the opening event of the annual meeting. For 12 years, Douglas hosted the Michael Douglas and Friends Celebrity Golf Tournament, raising over $10 million for the Motion Picture & Television Fund. At the UC Santa Barbara, he supports the Center for Film, Television, and New Media. He also founded and funds the Michael Douglas Foundation Visiting Artists Program for the Department of Theater and Dance. He serves on the Board of Trustees of The Douglas Foundation, founded by his father. BenKalman2024 (talk) 20:58, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

Acting credits and awards
In the section entitled Acting credits and awards, under the link to the awards page, please add the following: In 2006, Douglas received an honorary doctorate from University of St. Andrews in Scotland. This content on Douglas' Genesis Prize award should be moved from the subsection of Personal life to the Acting credits and awards section as well: ''Douglas was the recipient of the 2015 Genesis Prize, a $1 million prize awarded by the Genesis Prize Foundation for Jewish achievement. He donated the prize money to activities designed to raise awareness about inclusion and diversity in Jewish life, and to finding innovative solutions to pressing global and community problems. ''  Appreciate the input from the community. Pinging and  who have been helpful and collaborative in the past. BenKalman2024 (talk) 21:01, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * with above edits. P,TO 19104 (talk) (contribs) 15:22, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Michael Douglas


text:
Level 7 (novel)

Level 7 is a 1959 science fiction novel by American writer Mordecai Roshwald. It is told from the first-person perspective (a diary) of a modern soldier, X-127, living in the underground military complex Level 7, where he and several hundred others are expected to reside permanently. X-127 fulfills the role of 'push-button' offensive initiator of his nation's nuclear weapons capacity against an unspecified enemy. X-127 narrates life within a deep shelter before, during and after a nuclear war that wipes out the human species.

Plot summary
During his forced residence at a deep underground offensive-warfare complex, X-127 is ordered to push missile firing buttons to begin World War III (which lasts a total of 2 hours and 58 minutes). From that point, humanity's few civilian survivors are situated within a collection of underground shelter complexes on Levels 1 through 5 at various depths from the irradiated surface, while military personnel already occupy the deepest and safest Levels 6 and 7. It later emerges that the orders given have been wholly automatic due to a launch on warning strategy; the war has taken place as a series of automated electronic responses to an initial accident.

X-127 and his fellow shelter inhabitants belatedly learn the criteria that had determined admission to the shelters: civilians were granted only an illusion of protection, while government officials and military personnel were granted significantly more security. Those who were assigned to launch the nuclear missiles, and their support staff, were selected for their ability to behave like machines, yet are counted upon to preserve the human spirit and rebuild the human race. X-127 and his colleagues attempt to carry on human life, but discover that institutions such as marriage and preparations for child-rearing have been hollowed out by conditions and attitudes in the antiseptic underground.

Toward the end of the novel, the inhabitants of surviving shelters within collaterally hit neutral nations, the former enemy nation and the unnamed protagonist nation gradually meet their deaths as radioactive surface contamination makes its way down past air filters and into water sources in the ground. As Level 7's safety falls into question, its inhabitants confront their growing isolation, overconfidence in technology, loneliness below a dead world, and the insanity of a society whose momentum toward annihilation exceeded its collective will to live. At last, the inhabitants of "Level 7" are wiped out after a malfunction in their nuclear power pile results in lethal contamination of their erstwhile sanctuary. They are apparently the last human beings on Earth to perish, and X-127 is the very last one at the story's conclusion. The extinction of humanity has taken four months from the time that the missiles were first fired.

Structure
The book is apparently written in such a way to discourage the reader from determining which side is which. References to democracy are structured as to be just as applicable to Soviet democracy as to British or American democracy. The book contains no geographical references or individual names, but does use non-metric measurements. It is left to the individual reader to determine if this indeed identifies a Western setting or merely reflects the author's background. In any case, specific national identities are arguably irrelevant to the book's themes of dehumanization, the abstraction of nuclear warfare, and the danger that this leads to when combined with the destructive potential of the weapons involved. The novel thus acts as a warning against the nuclear arms race, as the original (but later removed) postscript makes clear:

"This book is neutral - in the sense that it does not defend either the East or the West. It is not neutral in the sense that it accuses both. It is submitted for the benefit of the West and the East, as well as anybody caught in between."

"The Diary of Push-Button Officer X-127 is intended as a preventative anti-radioactive medicine, good for consumption in any place in the world. It is especially offered to button-pushers, rocket constructors, nuclear physicists, megaton bomb manufacturers, "small" atomic bomb producers, and last but not least, statesmen and politicians. It is 'not' (!) effective against buttons, robots, rockets, and the bombs themselves."

Originally, the manuscript contained a preface by Martian archaeologists, who discover the diary amongst the ruins of a destroyed Earth. However, this was removed in editions published before 2003 because it was felt that it spoiled the ending of the book.

Adaptations
Level 7 was adapted by J. B. Priestley for a 1966 episode of the BBC2 television science-fiction drama programme Out of the Unknown. It had originally been written as a feature film adaptation, but was cut down to fit into the show's one hour time slot. It has been released on DVD with all other extant episodes of the series.

It was also adapted specifically for young students as a one-hour radio play and broadcast in 1980 by Radioteatern, the Swedish national radio theatre, under the Swedish title Nivå 7.

Reception
Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Science Fiction in 1961 rated Level 7 4.5 stars out of five, stating that X127's story "has the strange unreality and impact of the too intense reality".

title: Level 7 (novel)


text:
Talk:Prince Claus of the Netherlands

"jonkher"?
Really jonkher? This sounds Dutch to me and should have been Junker or Jungherr in German. -- JeLuF

 * The Dutch is jonkheer. Jeronimo

"Lunenburg"?
"After his release, he finished school in Lunenburg and studied law in Hamburg." Where is "Lunenburg"? There seems to be such a place in the Netherlands. Or is Lüneburg in Germany meant? S.

 * Yes, he finished school in Germany, Lüneburg. He moved to the Netherlands the same time he married the queen. -- JeLuF

But "Lunenburg" is, I believe, the common English name for "Lüneburg", so our naming conventions would put the page at Lunenburg, Germany rather than at Lüneburg. — Toby 02:11 Nov 3, 2002 (UTC)

Hitler youth
The article currently states: "He was also a member of Nazi youth organisations such as Jungvolk and Hitlerjugend (said to be automatic for all members of his generation)." I'm fairly certain that the parenthetical comment is not true (that is, that membership in the Hitler Youth was not automatic) but wouldn't want to stake anything on it. I don't want to take it out without more knowledge, but I do want to flag it for someone who perhaps knows more. Remes 04:39, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Also, "In 1944, he was conscripted into the German Wehrmacht, becoming a soldier in the German 90th Panzergrenadier Division in Italy in March 1945.[2]" This is a photograph of him in his uniform of the Totenkopf Division of the Waffen SS. HET VERHAAL OVER PRINS CLAUS DAT NIEMAND MOCHT LEZEN, 27 SEPTEMBER 2015, collection Gerard de Boer. 2001:1C00:1E31:5F00:A133:B0C5:5BD4:D215 (talk) 09:11, 20 May 2021 (UTC)

Official rank?
Was Prince his official royal title?--Wasabe3543 04:17, 10 February 2006 (UTC) Ok, thanks.--Wasabe3543 04:35, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Yes, as the Queen's consort he had the personal title of Prince of the Netherlands. 161.24.19.112 (talk) 17:50, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

Clinical Depression?
"Many also believed that these restrictions were at least partly the cause of his severe depression, which lasted many years."

This is not a diagnosis of Clinical Depression.

 * Michael David 14:37, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Beatrixandclausdancing.jpg
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BetacommandBot 02:31, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * This bot seems to be malfunctioning because there IS a FU rationale with the image. The bot's talk page has many mentions of it incorrectly tagging FU images so I think this is another case. Someone else has already reverted the bot's edits to the image. Rpvdk 07:21, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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NAME
The name of Claus in Wikipedia is "Prince Claus of the Netherlands".

I believe that he should have the name of "Claus von Amsberg", because he was born with this name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MonarchyLover (talk • contribs) 20:12, 12 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Disagree. GoodDay (talk) 00:21, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * No, I disagree as per WP:CONSORTS. He was/is primarly known as "Prince Claus of the Netherlands". Mr. D. E. Mophon (talk) 01:58, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

Does he has “Prince Consort” title
Shall we add Prince consort in a the infobox’s title parameter Ethan2345678 (talk) 09:56, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

"Grand Corodn" > "Grand Cordon" ?
I'm guessing that "Grand Corodn" > "Grand Cordon" ? R. Henrik Nilsson (talk) 14:43, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prince Claus of the Netherlands


text:
Out of the Unknown

Out of the Unknown is a British television science fiction and horror anthology drama series, produced by the BBC and broadcast on BBC2 in four series between 1965 and 1971.

Most episodes of the first three series were dramatisations of science fiction short stories. Some were written directly for the series, but most were adaptations of published stories. The first three series were exclusively science fiction, but that genre was mostly abandoned in the final year in favour of horror-fantasy stories, with only one story based around science-fiction.

Many videotapes of episodes were wiped in the early 1970s, as was standard procedure at the time. A large number of episodes are still missing, although some have resurfaced: for example, "Level Seven", an episode in series two originally broadcast on 27 October 1966, was returned to the BBC from the archives of a European broadcaster in January 2006.

Origins
Irene Shubik had been a science fiction fan since she was at university. In 1961 she suggested to Sydney Newman, then head of the drama department of ABC Television, an ITV franchise contractor, that the company create a science fiction version of Armchair Theatre. This became Out of this World, a sixty-minute anthology series hosted by Boris Karloff that ran for thirteen episodes between June and September 1962. Many of the episodes were adaptations of published short stories by writers including John Wyndham, Isaac Asimov and Philip K. Dick.

Series one
Shubik began work and soon found that gathering science fiction stories suitable for adaptation was a difficult task. She later recalled: "I had to read hundreds of stories to pick a dozen. You have no idea how difficult some of these authors are to deal with, and it seems a special thing among SF writers to hedge themselves behind almost impossible copyright barriers, even when they have got a story that is possible to do on television. So many you can't. Either the conception is so way out you would need a fantastic budget to produce it, or the story is too short, too tight to be padded out to make an hour's television". When she had been working on Out of this World Shubik had made a valuable contact in John Carnell, a key figure in British science fiction publishing. He was the founder of the science fiction magazine New Worlds and agent for many of Britain's science fiction writers. Carnell was able to suggest stories and authors for her to consider. Shubik also received copies of science fiction anthologies from British publishers and sought advice from many authors, including Frederik Pohl, Alfred Bester and Robert Silverberg. The latter two admitted to her that they had run into similar difficulties in finding suitable material for television adaptation. She considered asking Nigel Kneale if he would write a new Quatermass story for the series, and contacted Arthur C. Clarke regarding the possibility of adapting his novel The Deep Range.

In March 1965 Shubik travelled to New York City to negotiate rights with authors whose works she was considering, to seek ideas from U.S. television, and to obtain more science fiction anthologies from U.S. publishers. During her visit she met science fiction editors and also Isaac Asimov, who granted permission for two of his stories to be adapted on the condition that they could be shown only in the UK: sales to foreign territories were not allowed. A visit to New York became an annual event for Shubik during her time on Out of the Unknown.

On her return to London from her first visit Shubik learned that she had been appointed producer and story editor for the new anthology series. She obtained the services of George Spenton-Foster as her associate producer. Spenton-Foster was a science fiction fan and his wide experience of BBC television production proved invaluable to Shubik.

By this stage she had found the twelve scripts she needed for the first series: ten episodes were adaptations of stories by John Wyndham ("Time to Rest" and its sequel "No Place Like Earth", dramatised together as "No Place Like Earth"); Alan Nourse ("The Counterfeit Man"); Isaac Asimov ("The Dead Past" and Sucker Bait); William Tenn ("Time in Advance"); Ray Bradbury ("The Fox and the Forest"); Kate Wilhelm ("Andover and the Android"); John Brunner ("Some Lapse of Time"); J. G. Ballard ("Thirteen to Centaurus") and Frederik Pohl ("The Midas Plague"). Two original stories were also commissioned, "Stranger in the Family" by David Campton and "Come Buttercup, Come Daisy, Come...?" by Mike Watts. Among those commissioned to adapt the stories were a few notable names in television writing. Terry Nation, creator of the Daleks for Doctor Who and later of Survivors and Blake's 7, adapted Bradbury's "The Fox and the Forest", while Troy Kennedy Martin, co-creator of Z-Cars, adapted Pohl's "The Midas Plague".

A title for the series had not been decided when production began. Titles such as Dimension 4, The Edge of Tomorrow and From the Unknown were considered before Out of the Unknown was settled on. The title music was composed by Norman Kay and the title sequence was created by Bernard Lodge. It was intended from an early stage that, as with Boris Karloff on Out of this World, each story would be introduced by a regular host. Christopher Lee and Vincent Price were approached, but neither was available and the idea was dropped.

The opening title sequence was designed by Bernard Lodge, using stock shots and specially created optical illusion patterns filmed on a rostrum camera, combined with a face frozen in a scream and a mannequin falling repeatedly through space. The forty-second sequence won a Design & Art Direction Wood Pencil for Television Graphics in 1965. Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop created a theme for the sequence, but it was rejected.

The episode "Some Lapse of Time" is notable for having Ridley Scott, future director of such films as Alien and Blade Runner, as its designer.

Out of the Unknown made its debut on BBC2 at 8 p.m. on Monday 4 October 1965 with "No Place Like Earth". Science fiction and fantasy were popular on television, and Doctor Who, The Avengers, Thunderbirds, The Man from UNCLE and Lost in Space were all notable hits at the time. Out of the Unknown, however, was intended to offer more cerebral fare. Initial audience and critical reaction was mixed, but improved as the series went on. "Andover and the Android" ("It's not until intelligence, humour and gaiety break into television that you notice what tasteless pap we've been living on" – Daily Mail) and "Some Lapse of Time" ("It was not surprising to hear from Late Night Line Up that there had been many complimentary telephone calls after the play [...] it left the viewer with the disconcerting feeling that there was more than a grain of truth in its fantasy" – Birmingham Evening Mail and Dispatch) proved particularly popular with audiences and critics alike. BBC2 Controller David Attenborough praised the "overall professionalism that has become a hallmark of the series". By the end of its first run Out of the Unknown was the second-most popular drama on BBC2, after the imported Western The Virginian.

Series one holds the distinction of being the only series to have its first and final broadcast episodes still in existence. Series three and four are missing both, while series two is missing its final episode.

Series two
In parallel with preparing for the second series of Out of the Unknown Shubik was producing another anthology series, Thirteen Against Fate, comprising adaptations of short stories by Georges Simenon. To assist her she was assigned a script editor, initially Rodney Gedye and then, after Gedye left following clashes with Shubik, Michael Imison. As with series one, finding suitable stories for adaptation remained a problem. On her annual visit to New York Shubik placed an advertisement looking for stories in the Science Fiction Writers Association Bulletin. One author who answered the advertisement was Larry Eisenberg, whose stories The Fastest Draw and Too Many Cooks were commissioned. Two further adaptations, of E.M. Forster's "The Machine Stops" and Mordecai Roshwald's Level 7 (dramatised as "Level Seven"), were scripts that had been offered to film studios for some years without success. Another script, adapting Colin Kapp's Lambda 1, had been commissioned for series one but shelved, owing to the technical problems it involved. When the special effects designer Jack Kine indicated that he had a solution to the technical challenges, the script was brought back into production for series two. Five further adaptations were commissioned: John Rankine's The World in Silence, Henry Kuttner's The Eye, Frederik Pohl's Tunnel Under the World and Isaac Asimov's "Satisfaction Guaranteed" and "Reason" (dramatised as "The Prophet"). Three original stories were also commissioned: "Frankenstein Mark II" by Hugh Whitemore, "Second Childhood" by Hugh Leonard and "Walk's End" by William Trevor.

In response to Kenneth Tynan's use of the word "fuck" on the satirical programme BBC-3 Sydney Newman issued directives to his producers regarding language and content. In the case of Out of the Unknown this led to particular attention being paid to the scripts for "Second Childhood" (about reawakening of sexual desire when an elderly man undergoes a rejuvenation process) and "Satisfaction Guaranteed" (about a woman taking a robot as a lover). The theme music was given a faster pace.

Series two was broadcast on Thursday nights at 9:30 p.m., beginning with the episode "The Machine Stops" on 6 October 1966. The new series was promoted by the Radio Times, then owned by the BBC, with a front cover photograph of Yvonne Mitchell, star of "The Machine Stops", and an article previewing the upcoming episodes written by Michael Imison. The two most notable productions of the series were "The Machine Stops" and "Level Seven". "The Machine Stops", directed by Philip Saville, was a particularly challenging production, later described by Shubik as "the most complex and technically demanding script I have ever had in my hand" —requiring large and complex sets, including construction of one with a working monorail. The adaptation was met with good reviews ("A haunting film – and a deeply disturbing one" – The Times) and was awarded first prize at the Fifth Festival Internazionale del Film di Fantascienza (International Science Fiction Film Festival) in Trieste on 17 July 1967. Due to the expected complexities of editing, the episode was recorded onto 35mm film instead of videotape, and still exists as this original film negative. It is the only episode produced during the show's black and white era that exists in its original broadcast format.

"Level Seven" was adapted by J. B. Priestley and directed by Rudolph Cartier. Priestley's script had begun life as a potential screenplay for a feature film and condensing it down to Out of the Unknown's standard running time of 50 minutes proved impossible. In the end Shubik convinced the management of the BBC to allow "Level Seven" to run to 60 minutes as a one-off. Reviewing "Level Seven" in The Listener (also then owned by the BBC), J. C. Trewin wrote that "the tension was inescapable, the excitement incontestable, more so, undoubtedly, than other thrusts into the future". The robot costumes created for "The Prophet" were later reused in the Doctor Who serial "The Mind Robber".

Despite its positive reception, only four of the thirteen episodes are known to survive.

Series three
Shubik was in the middle of her third visit to New York in early 1967 when she received a call from Sydney Newman offering her the opportunity to co-produce, with Graeme McDonald, BBC1's most prestigious drama slot, The Wednesday Play. Shubik accepted the new post, but insisted that she be given time to commission a full third series of Out of the Unknown scripts before moving on to The Wednesday Play and handing Out of the Unknown over to a new production team. At the same time Michael Imison also moved on to produce Thirty Minute Theatre.

For series three Shubik commissioned dramatisations of stories by Robert Sheckley (Immortality, Inc.); Isaac Asimov (Liar! and The Naked Sun (the sequel to The Caves of Steel, which Shubik had dramatised for Story Parade in 1963)); John Brunner (The Last Lonely Man); Clifford D. Simak (Beach Head and Target Generation); John Wyndham (Random Quest); Cyril M. Kornbluth (The Little Black Bag); Rog Phillips (The Yellow Pill) and Peter Phillips (Get Off My Cloud). Original stories were provided by Donald Bull ("Something in the Cellar"), Brian Hayles ("1+1=1.5") and Michael Ashe ("The Fosters"). Two scripts, "The Yellow Pill" and "Target Generation", had previously been used in Shubik's earlier anthology series Out of this World.

In September 1967 Alan Bromly and Roger Parkes were appointed as, respectively, the new producer and script editor. Bromly and Parkes both had backgrounds in thriller series. A new opening title sequence was implemented, essentially a green and orange colourisation of the original. This was created when colourisation was a relatively uncommon process, particularly for television, so the results of each image vary.

Series three, the first series of Out of the Unknown to be made in colour, was broadcast on Wednesday nights beginning on 7 January 1969 with "Immortality, Inc." One viewer of this episode was George Harrison of the Beatles, who can be seen discussing the episode with his bandmate Ringo Starr in the film Let It Be. Scheduled opposite the very popular ITV drama series The Power Game, the series suffered in the ratings and met with mixed reviews. The Daily Express found the series "most erratic", sometimes "wonderfully inventive" but at other times "as silly as a comic strip in a child's magazine". The production of "Random Quest" led John Wyndham, the author of the story it was based on, to write to its director Christopher Barry praising "the hard work and ingenuity of a great number of people concerned [...] excellent work by everybody – not forgetting the adapter. My thanks to everyone [...] for weaving it all together so skillfully." "Beach Head" was entered into the Sixth Festival Internazionale del Film di Fantascienza in July 1968, in the hope of repeating the earlier success of "The Machine Stops", but did not win.

Get off my Cloud included Doctor Who's prop of the TARDIS exterior and the scenes were recorded in August 1968.

Series three is the most incomplete season of the show. While several clips and audio recordings exist for the missing episodes, only one episode, "The Last Lonely Man", exists in its entirety as its original colour videotape master. "The Little Black Bag" exists only partially, since roughly 20 minutes of footage, mainly from the first act, is missing.

Series four
The fourth series of Out of the Unknown began production in early 1970. Encouraged by the BBC's Head of Plays, Gerald Savory, Bromly and Parkes sought to recast the show as "not straight science fiction, but with a strong horror content, all starting out from a realistic basis". The decision to move towards psychological horror came about partly because of the difficulties involved in finding suitable science fiction scripts, partly because the production team felt that their budgets could not compete with those of 2001: A Space Odyssey or Star Trek (the latter had just begun to be broadcast in the UK at this time), and partly because it was felt that science fiction could not compete with the real-life drama of the Apollo Moon landings then occurring.

Another major change for series four was a move away from adapting novels and short stories. Only one episode of series four, "Deathday", based on a novel by Angus Hall and dramatised by Brian Hayles, was an adaptation. The opening title sequence was changed again, designed by Charles McGhie, employing a variety of techniques, from computer-generated images to real-time visual effects and stop-frame model animation. The music used was "Lunar Landscape" by Roger Roger.

Series four was broadcast on Wednesday nights beginning on 21 April 1971. Both ratings and critical reception were positive, although some viewers were disappointed by the move away from hard science fiction – a typical comment was that of Martin J. Pitt, who wrote to the Radio Times that "it will be a pity if the opinions of people like Alan Bromly rob television of the opportunity to present intelligent and exciting science fiction". "To Lay a Ghost" was a particularly controversial production at the time due to its "somewhat questionable" depiction of rape and sexual repression.

Although the fourth series was judged to be a success, the BBC chose not to renew Out of the Unknown for a fifth series. With the exception of the Play for Today spin-off Play for Tomorrow, no regular lengthy science fiction anthology series has been made by a UK broadcaster since Out of the Unknown went off the air (in 1981 Ian Levine planned a 13-part fifth series, but nothing came of it). Of the eleven episodes produced during its final year, only five are known to exist, with the first and final episodes missing.

Archive status
Of the forty-nine episodes of Out of the Unknown only twenty survive in their entirety, mainly from series one.

Background
Until 1978, when the BBC Film and Videotape Library was created as a permanent archive for all its television programmes, the BBC had no central archive. The videotapes and film recordings stored in the BBC's various libraries were often either wiped or discarded for recording new programmes and to free storage space to reduce costs. The BBC Film Library kept only some programmes that were made on film, while the Engineering Department handled videotape but had no mandate to retain material. Some shows were kept by BBC Enterprises, but they too had limited storage space and kept only material that was considered commercially exploitable. In the mid-1970s BBC Enterprises disposed of a lot of older material for which the rights to sell the programmes had expired, and the Engineering Department routinely wiped videotapes in an era when rescreening potential was limited.

The wiping policy officially came to an end in 1978, when the means to further exploit programmes by taking advantage of the new market for home VCRs started to become apparent. The prevailing view had also begun to shift toward the attitude that archive programmes should, in any case, be preserved for posterity and historical and cultural reasons. The BBC Film Library was turned into a combined Film & Videotape Library for the preservation of both media.

Recovery
After the archive purge ended in 1978 only 17 episodes of the series were retained. Series 1 has fared remarkably well, with the fortuitous retention of ten 16 mm film telerecordings made for the purposes of overseas sales. These were discovered at Villiers House, alongside several 60s Doctor Who episodes. Of the other seven, one episode was from Series 2, one episode from Series 3, and five episodes from Series 4, all retained in their original broadcast format (The Machine Stops in 35 mm telerecording in the Brentford library, and the rest in 625 line colour 2-inch Quadruplex videotape).

Recovery of the missing episodes had often been in the form of clips, either audio or video. The recovered visual clips from series 3 and 4 were in black and white since they were from 16 mm t/r of the episodes for overseas broadcast. They were restored in 2014 using Richard Russell's colour recovery process, which uses colour signal information (commonly referred to as chroma dots) embedded in the 16mm black and white film recordings, to recreate the colour part of the original signal.

Neither any audio and/ or video extracts nor any tele-snaps exists from the Series 4 episodes Taste of Evil, The Sons and Daughters of Tomorrow, The Chopper and The Shattered Eye. The only remains from these episodes are some production stills and brief summaries of these episodes.
 * A 2½-minutes section of Satisfaction Guaranteed survived, courtesy a 28/12/67 edition BBC-1 science documentary series Towards Tomorrow entitled Robot.
 * The fourth-series episodes The Last Witness and The Uninvited, both of which are missing, were remade as episodes of Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense – respectively as "A Distant Scream" and "In Possession" – and broadcast in the UK in 1986.
 * Around the same time, Ian Levine discovered Lambda 1 which was returned.
 * Parts of an almost 2½ minutes segment of the series 3 episode Liar! resurfaced for the first time after the archive purge in a 1997 Future Fantastic documentary series edition 'I Robot'.
 * In late January 1999, during the BBC's then systematic D3 conversion of its archived videotapes, the b/w extant recording (with colour signals retained) of series 3 episode The Little Black Bag was discovered. Having started work on the regional archives, the fragments turned up on an engineering training tape held in the Glasgow holdings of BBC Scotland. The videotape recording starts mid-way, just after Full has cured Angie of the facial scars inflicted on her by a criminal gang she has become involved with. The recovered material begins after this 'eyeline shot' of the gang moving to the rear of the room, with the recording then capturing the action up to third-last scene when Angie tragically demonstrates the medical kit's instruments to a suspicious Mrs. Coleman. Unfortunately, the last thirty seconds of the play were missing from the recording.
 * The two missing episodes of the mostly extant first series have end-credits sequences extant on a 1965 BBC Graphics Department showreel, recovered by BBC engineer Steve Roberts in the late nineties.
 * Around the same time, 6 audio fragments of the episode The Prophet and 5 audio fragments of the episodes Get Off My Cloud (both having Doctor Who connection) begun started circulating. Both sets of clips originated from the fairly extensive reel-to-reel tape collection of SF fan Trevor Wells, which also thankfully contained 3 clips from Second Childhood, 2 short clips from The Fastest Draw, 1 long clip from Satisfaction Guaranteed, 4 clips from Immortality Inc., 2 clips from Liar!, 12 clips from Something In The Cellar, 2 clips from Random Quest, 4 clips from The Little Black Bag, 4 clips from 1+1=1.5, 6 clips from The Fosters and 5 clips from Target Generation. (Probably the surviving audio clips of second season originate from the repeat broadcast of The Machine Stops, Level 7, Second Childhood, The Fastest Draw, Satisfaction Guaranteed and The Prophet on BBC 1 in early 1967.) Trevor used an Elizabethan LZ34 recorder and he was able to reuse many of his old tapes to record new tracks at a slower speed. In each case, Trevor recorded only fragments of the broadcast plays as ‘snapshots’ of the various stories; in any case, he found that the cost of tapes prevented him from recording the plays in their entirety. Despite the relative quality of several of these recordings having deteriorated over the years, Trevor's 'snapshots' currently remain the only known record of many missing episodes.
 * In 2002, a complete off-air recording of the penultimate episode The Uninvited was discovered. It was made on 15 August 1972 by fan Martin Townley, during Series 4 repeat broadcast on BBC2 in 1972. A number of other episodes (including The Chopper) were also recorded, although The Uninvited is the only one to have survived. It was the first complete audio recording of any Out of the Unknown episode to be discovered.
 * In early 2003, a complete recording of The Yellow Pill was discovered. The existence first came to light, when archive TV enthusiast Mark Slater had an opportunity to sift through approximately 70 reel-to-reel audio tapes owned by his friend Keith Underhill, a SF fan who had routinely taped various television broadcasts since 1968 (including that of The Naked Sun and Liar! which were unfortunately wiped).
 * Off-screen photographs, called tele-snaps, which were taken by John Cura exist from the missing episodes The Fox and the Forest, Andover and the Android, Frankenstein Mark 2, Second Childhood, The Eye, The Fastest Draw, Too Many Cooks, Walk's End, Satisfaction Guaranteed and The Prophet. These were published in Mark Ward's Out of the Unknown: A guide to the legendary BBC series in 2004. A complete set of Tele-snaps from Series 3, when loaned by Alan Bromly's wife to an interested party, went missing. And no telesnaps exist for Seies 4, which was produced after John Cura's death.
 * In 2004, Tunnel Under the World was found in a private collection. The return of the episode to the archive was apparently a lengthy process, as the collector who had it had apparently tried to contact BBC about the episode back in 2001.
 * In circa 2005, it emerged that the BBC sound archives already held recordings of Beach Head and The Naked Sun, the latter having 4 minutes 20 seconds missing. To date, there is no information on their origin or how long they had been held in the archive, although it can obviously be inferred that the recording of The Naked Sun stems from its one and only broadcast in the UK during February 1969.
 * A b/w clip of the series 3 episode Random Quest (featured in a 22/10/70 Nationwide interview of Roberta Gibbs) was located by BBC archivist Andrew Martin in September 2005, following a lead from engineer James Insell. Next year, a new adaptation of the same story was made for BBC Four and broadcast on 27 November 2006 as part of that channel's Science Fiction Britannia season.
 * The episode Level Seven was returned to the archive as a film copy by a European broadcaster in 2006, shown at the British Film Institute South Bank in August 2009.
 * All the series aired in Australia from September 1967 to 1973 in b/w since colour TV appeared in Australia for the first time in 1975. Transmission began with Time in Advance. Unfortunately contractual limitations entailed that the Season 2 and 3 Asimov stories weren’t part of the package. Last showing in Australia was The Sons and Daughters Of Tomorrow. Often, the overseas viewing prints were physically edited for content by local censor boards, before transmission for reasons such as excessive violence, fright-inducing material. In 2017, 2 b/w censor clips, each from Immortality Inc. and The Last Witness were discovered.

Home video releases and future
Plans were made in 1990s to release two episodes from the series in VHS, but the plan was shelved.

All surviving episodes of Out of the Unknown, as well as reconstructions (the first three–Beach Head, The Naked Sun and The Yellow Pill– were reconstructed using original audio, publicity photos and CGI, while The Uninvited has the surviving audio has been synchronized to a copy of the camera script due to the lack of photographs and The Little Black Bag has some sections reconstructed with the audio segments mentioned above) and clips of some of the missing episodes (except that of Immortality Inc. and The Last Witness), were released on DVD by the BFI on 24 November 2014 (delayed from 27 October), with audio commentaries and interviews with cast and crew, a new documentary called Return of the Unknown, extensive stills galleries, and a fully illustrated booklet with essays by show expert Mark Ward with full episode credits.

As mentioned above, Isaac Asimov granted permission for his stories to be adapted on the condition that they could only be shown in the UK: sales to foreign territories were not allowed. Of the six adaptations of Isaac Asimov stories, only two from Series 1 survive. With the rest four being not aired outside UK, the recovery of the missing Asimov episodes from overseas sources remains unlikely.

It is alleged that Beach Head was transferred to b/w 35 mm film to allow it to be shown from a cinema projector in Italy but that may have never been returned.

32 episodes from Series 1, 2 and 3 (except the Asimov stories) screened in New Zealand (in black and white of course since colour television was formally introduced to New Zealand in 1973–1975 and the episodes aired till circa 1970), then the prints were sent to various overseas stations such as Finland in October 1968 and February 1970, Hungary in February 1969, Sweden (March 1970), Sierra Leone (December 1971) and Yugoslavia in June 1973. However the episodes from Season 3 Something In the Cellar, Random Quest, Little Black Bag, 1+1=1.5, The Fosters, Yellow Pill, Target Generation, Get Off My Cloud (all from Season 3) have no "fate" recorded against them in the TVNZ archive files, so it is possible these might still exist somewhere in New Zealand.

Some uncertainty still surrounds the fate of the last episodes of Series 4, The Chopper and The Shattered Eye apparently documented as being dispatched to Dubai in the 1976 but not returned. Some BBC records continue to list these as still extant, suggesting a hope in the future.

The BBC Archive Treasure Hunt, a public appeal campaign, continues to search for lost episodes.

title: Out of the Unknown


text:
Klismaphilia

Klismaphilia (or klysmaphilia), from the Greek words κλύσμα ("enema", from κατακλυσμός, "deluge, flood") and φιλία ("love"), is a paraphilia involving enjoyment of, and sexual arousal from, enemas.

History
The term klismaphilia was coined in 1973 by Joanne Denko, an early investigator in this field, in her article "Klismaphilia: Enema as a Sexual Preference: Report of Two Cases," to describe the activities of some of her patients, whom she referred to as klismaphiliacs. Klismaphile has come into use as a synonym for klismaphiliac.

Manifestation

Klismaphiles might gain pleasure from a large, water distended belly or the feeling of internal pressure. An enema fetish may include the sexual attraction to the equipment, processes, environments, situations, or scenarios, and some may be sexually aroused by the preparations, such as by the feel and smell of a latex rubber or plastic syringe, by the smell of soapsuds enema solution, or by preparing the recipient. Often, klismaphiles report discovering these desires after a chance administration of an enema sometime in their childhood, but some do report discovering these feelings later on. Klismaphiles can gain satisfaction of enemas through fantasies, by actually receiving or giving one, or through the process of eliminating steps to being administered one (e.g., under the pretense of being constipated). Usually, klismaphiles carry out normal lives and successfully engage in this behavior secretly.

An enema can be an auxiliary to, or a substitute for, genital sexual activity.

That some women use enemas while masturbating was documented by Alfred Kinsey in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female: "There were still other masturbatory techniques which were regularly or occasionally employed by some 11 percent of the females in the sample... Douches, streams of running water, vibrators, urethral insertions, enemas, other anal insertions, sado-masochistic activity, and still other methods were occasionally employed, but none of them in any appreciable number of cases."

Sadomasochistic activities may incorporate enemas for erotic humiliation or for physical discomfort. BDSM punishment scenes can involve administering an enema in a manner that is humiliating and painful and for producing pain and cramps an extra-large volumes or highly irritating substances can be injected. Among the attractions to enema play in BDSM are erotic humiliation, dominance and submission, discipline, psychodrama, power exchange, and so on. An erotic enema allows acting out vulnerability in a primal form.

Classification
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) classifies klismaphilia under the diagnosis of "Paraphilias, Not Otherwise Specified". The diagnostic code is 302.9. Proactive treatment for klismaphilics is not generally recommended, due to the lack of any significant desire to be "cured". Health treatment for klismaphilia thus is typically only focused on ensuring the techniques employed and chemicals used are not harmful to the practitioner. Caution should always be maintained on the part of the practitioners experimenting with new techniques and concoctions; in certain cases cramps produced by the chemicals used have led to hospitalizations, in other circumstances the effects can even be life-threatening.

title: Klismaphilia


text: Talk:-logy

title: Talk:-logy


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Talk:Frasier

Canned laughter
Please remove this hideous distraction! 68.4.252.33 (talk) 04:04, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

Start Date: First episode aired 5/27/93, exactly one week after final episode of Cheers. First air date is later referenced in a May 1994 episode because first anniversary of Frasier's first radio episode has arrived. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.77.208.127 (talk) 05:29, 5 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frasier