text:
The Dreaming

The Dreaming, also referred to as Dreamtime, is a term devised by early anthropologists to refer to a religio-cultural worldview attributed to Australian Aboriginal beliefs. It was originally used by Francis Gillen, quickly adopted by his colleague Sir Baldwin Spencer and thereafter popularised by A. P. Elkin, who, however, later revised his views.

The Dreaming is used to represent Aboriginal concepts of Everywhen, during which the land was inhabited by ancestral figures, often of heroic proportions or with supernatural abilities. These figures were often distinct from gods, as they did not control the material world and were not worshipped but only revered. The concept of the Dreamtime has subsequently become widely adopted beyond its original Australian context and is now part of global popular culture.

The term is based on a rendition of the Arandic word alcheringa, used by the Aranda (Arunta, Arrernte) people of Central Australia, although it has been argued that it is based on a misunderstanding or mistranslation. Some scholars suggest that the word's meaning is closer to "eternal, uncreated". Anthropologist William Stanner said that the concept was best understood by non-Aboriginal people as "a complex of meanings". Jukurrpa is a widespread term used by Warlpiri people and other peoples of the Western Desert cultural bloc.

By the 1990s, Dreaming had acquired its own currency in popular culture, based on idealised or fictionalised conceptions of Australian mythology. Since the 1970s, Dreaming has also returned from academic usage via popular culture and tourism and is now ubiquitous in the English vocabulary of Aboriginal Australians in a kind of "self-fulfilling academic prophecy".

Etymology
The station-master, magistrate, and amateur ethnographer Francis Gillen first used the terms in an ethnographical report in 1896. Along with Walter Baldwin Spencer, Gillen published a major work, Native Tribes of Central Australia, in 1899. In that work, they spoke of the Alcheringa as "the name applied to the far distant past with which the earliest traditions of the tribe deal". Five years later, in their Northern Tribes of Central Australia, they gloss the far distant age as "the dream times", link it to the word alcheri meaning 'dream', and affirm that the term is current also among the Kaitish and Unmatjera.

Altjira
Early doubts about the precision of Spencer and Gillen's English gloss were expressed by the German Lutheran pastor and missionary Carl Strehlow in his 1908 book Die Aranda (The Arrernte). He noted that his Arrernte contacts explained altjira, whose etymology was unknown, as an eternal being who had no beginning. In the Upper Arrernte language, the proper verb for 'to dream' was altjirerama, literally 'to see God'. Strehlow theorised that the noun is the somewhat rare word altjirrinja, which Spencer and Gillen gave a corrupted transcription and a false etymology. "The native," Strehlow concluded, "knows nothing of 'dreamtime' as a designation of a certain period of their history."

Strehlow gives Altjira or Altjira mara (mara meaning 'good') as the Arrente word for the eternal creator of the world and humankind. Strehlow describes him as a tall strong man with red skin, long fair hair, and emu legs, with many red-skinned wives (with dog legs) and children. In Strehlow's account, Altjira lives in the sky (which is a body of land through which runs the Milky Way, a river).

However, by the time Strehlow was writing, his contacts had been converts to Christianity for decades, and critics suggested that Altjira had been used by missionaries as a word for the Christian God.

In 1926, Spencer conducted a field study to challenge Strehlow's conclusion about Altjira and the implied criticism of Gillen and Spencer's original work. Spencer found attestations of altjira from the 1890s that used the word to mean 'associated with past times' or 'eternal', not 'god'.

Academic Sam Gill finds Strehlow's use of Altjira ambiguous, sometimes describing a supreme being, and sometimes describing a totem being but not necessarily a supreme one. He attributes the clash partly to Spencer's cultural evolutionist beliefs that Aboriginal people were at a pre-religion "stage" of development (and thus could not believe in a supreme being), while Strehlow as a Christian missionary found presence of belief in the divine a useful entry point for proselytising.

Linguist David Campbell Moore is critical of Spencer and Gillen's "Dreamtime" translation, concluding:

""Dreamtime" was a mistranslation based on an etymological connection between "a dream" and "Altjira", which held only over a limited geographical domain. There was some semantic relationship between "Altjira" and "a dream", but to imagine that the latter captures the essence of "Altjira" is an illusion."

Other terms
The complex of religious beliefs encapsulated by the Dreamings are also called:

 * Ngarrankarni or Ngarrarngkarni by the Gija people
 * Jukurrpa or Tjukurpa/Tjukurrpa by the Warlpiri people and in the Pitjantjatjara dialect
 * Ungud or Wungud by the Ngarinyin people
 * Manguny in the language Martu Wangka
 * Wongar in North-East Arnhem Land
 * Daramoolen in Ngunnawal language and Ngarigo language
 * Nura in the Dharug language
 * Nyitting in the Noongar language

Translations and meaning
In English, anthropologists have variously translated words normally understood to mean Dreaming or Dreamtime in a variety of other ways, including "Everywhen", "world-dawn", "ancestral past", "ancestral present", "ancestral now" (satirically), "unfixed in time", "abiding events" or "abiding law".

Most translations of the Dreaming into other languages are based on the translation of the word dream. Examples include Espaces de rêves in French ("dream spaces") and Snivanje in Croatian (a gerund derived from the verb for 'to dream').

The concept of the Dreaming is inadequately explained by English terms, and difficult to explain in terms of non-Aboriginal cultures. It has been described as "an all-embracing concept that provides rules for living, a moral code, as well as rules for interacting with the natural environment ... [it] provides for a total, integrated way of life ... a lived daily reality". It embraces past, present and future. Another definition suggests that it represents "the relationship between people, plants, animals and the physical features of the land; the knowledge of how these relationships came to be, what they mean and how they need to be maintained in daily life and in ceremony". According to Simon Wright, "jukurrpa has an expansive meaning for Warlpiri people, encompassing their own law and related cultural knowledge systems, along with what non-Indigenous people refer to as 'dreaming.

A dreaming is often associated with a particular place, and may also belong to specific ages, gender or skin groups. Dreamings may be represented in artworks, for example "Pikilyi Jukurrpa" by Theo (Faye) Nangala represents the Dreaming of Pikilyi (Vaughan Springs) in the Northern Territory, and belongs to the Japanangka/ Nanpanangka and Japangardi/ Napanangka skin groups.

Aboriginal beliefs and culture

Related entities are known as Mura-mura by the Dieri and as Tjukurpa in Pitjantjatjara.

"Dreaming" is now also used as a term for a system of totemic symbols, so that an Aboriginal person may "own" a specific Dreaming, such as Kangaroo Dreaming, Shark Dreaming, Honey Ant Dreaming, Badger Dreaming, or any combination of Dreamings pertinent to their country. This is because in the Dreaming an individual's entire ancestry exists as one, culminating in the idea that all worldly knowledge is accumulated through one's ancestors. Many Aboriginal Australians also refer to the world-creation time as "Dreamtime". The Dreaming laid down the patterns of life for the Aboriginal people.

Creation is believed to be the work of culture heroes who travelled across a formless land, creating sacred sites and significant places of interest in their travels. In this way, "songlines" (or Yiri in the Warlpiri language) were established, some of which could travel right across Australia, through as many as six to ten different language groupings. The dreaming and travelling trails of these heroic spirit beings are the songlines. The signs of the spirit beings may be of spiritual essence, physical remains such as petrosomatoglyphs of body impressions or footprints, among natural and elemental simulacra.

Some of the ancestor or spirit beings inhabiting the Dreamtime become one with parts of the landscape, such as rocks or trees. The concept of a life force is also often associated with sacred sites, and ceremonies performed at such sites "are a re-creation of the events which created the site during The Dreaming". The ceremony helps the life force at the site to remain active and to keep creating new life: if not performed, new life cannot be created.

Dreaming existed before the life of the individual begins, and continues to exist when the life of the individual ends. Both before and after life, it is believed that this spirit-child exists in the Dreaming and is only initiated into life by being born through a mother. The spirit of the child is culturally understood to enter the developing fetus during the fifth month of pregnancy. When the mother felt the child move in the womb for the first time, it was thought that this was the work of the spirit of the land in which the mother then stood. Upon birth, the child is considered to be a special custodian of that part of their country and is taught the stories and songlines of that place. As Wolf (1994: p. 14) states: "A 'black fella' may regard his totem or the place from which his spirit came as his Dreaming. He may also regard tribal law as his Dreaming."

In the Wangga genre, the songs and dances express themes related to death and regeneration. They are performed publicly with the singer composing from their daily lives or while Dreaming of a nyuidj (dead spirit).

Dreaming stories vary throughout Australia, with variations on the same theme. The meaning and significance of particular places and creatures is wedded to their origin in The Dreaming, and certain places have a particular potency or Dreaming. For example, the story of how the sun was made is different in New South Wales and in Western Australia. Stories cover many themes and topics, as there are stories about creation of sacred places, land, people, animals and plants, law and custom. In Perth, the Noongar believe that the Darling Scarp is the body of the Wagyl – a serpent being that meandered over the land creating rivers, waterways and lakes and who created the Swan River. In another example, the Gagudju people of Arnhemland, for whom Kakadu National Park is named, believe that the sandstone escarpment that dominates the park's landscape was created in the Dreamtime when Ginga (the crocodile-man) was badly burned during a ceremony and jumped into the water to save himself.

title: The Dreaming


text: Talk:Shoreditch

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Shoreditch


text:
Lafayette County, Missouri

Lafayette County is a county in the western portion of Missouri, part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,984. Its county seat is Lexington. The county was organized November 16, 1820, from Cooper County and originally named Lillard County for James Lillard of Tennessee, who served in the first state constitutional convention and first state legislature. It was renamed Lafayette County on February 16, 1825, in honor of Revolutionary War hero the Marquis de La Fayette, who was then visiting the United States.

History
Lafayette County was settled primarily from migrants from the Upper Southern states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. They brought enslaved people and slaveholding traditions and started cultivating crops similar to those in Middle Tennessee and Kentucky: hemp and tobacco.

Peter Youree (1843-1914) was born here to merchant P. E. Youree and the former M. M. Zimmerman. As a young man, he enlisted in the Confederate forces from here, and gained the rank of captain during the American Civil War. Afterward, he settled in Shreveport, Louisiana, where he married, became a successful merchant and banker, and served on the Caddo Parish Police Jury.

As a result of the migration from the South, this part of Missouri, and neighboring counties, became known as Little Dixie. In 1860 enslaved people made up 25 percent or more of the county's population, and the county was strongly pro-Confederate during the American Civil War.

But immigrants from Germany, as well as German Americans from St. Louis, began arriving shortly before the war, with many more to come afterwards. Many of the Germans were sympathetic to the Union and opposed slavery. They eventually made up a large part of the populations of Concordia, Emma, Wellington, Napoleon, Higginsville, Mayview, and Lexington.

After the war, there were racial tensions as whites worked to dominate the freedmen. Following Reconstruction, whites lynched two blacks in the decades around the turn of the century.

Sunday May 4, 1919, Lafayette County Sheriff Joseph C. Talbott was killed while transporting car thieves to jail. Also killed were Deputy Sheriff John McDonald and Deputy Constable James Stapleton. On May 29, 1919, Lafayette County held a special election to replace Sheriff Talbott. Sheriff Talbott's wife, Minnie Mae Talbott, won the special election becoming the first woman elected to the office of Sheriff in the United States. Minnie Mae Talbott was sworn into office on June 8, 1919. Minnie Mae Talbott was elected by an all-male electorate. Women would not gain the right to vote until August 1920, with ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

21st century
In November 2013, Leland Ray Kolkmeyer pleaded guilty, in federal court, of a fraud scheme in which he embezzled more than $1.5 million from Wellington-Napoleon Fire Protection District and Special Road District while serving as their treasurer.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 639 sqmi, of which 628 sqmi is land and 11 sqmi (1.6%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Ray County (northwest)
 * Carroll County (northeast)
 * Saline County (east)
 * Johnson County (south)
 * Jackson County (west)
 * Pettis County (southeast)

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-70 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 70
 * [[Image:US 24.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 24
 * [[Image:US 40.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 40
 * [[Image:US 65.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 65
 * [[Image:MO-13.svg|20px]] Route 13
 * [[Image:MO-23.svg|20px]] Route 23
 * [[Image:MO-131.svg|20px]] Route 131
 * [[Image:MO-224.svg|20px]] Route 224

National protected area

 * Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge (part)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 32,960 people, 12,569 households, and 9,099 families residing in the county. The population density was 52 /mi2. There were 13,707 housing units at an average density of 22 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 95.52% White, 2.27% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Approximately 1.17% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 37.3% were of German, 17.5% American, 9.9% English and 9.7% Irish ancestry.

There were 12,569 households, out of which 33.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.30% were married couples living together, 9.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.60% were non-families. 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.20% under the age of 18, 7.60% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 15.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,235, and the median income for a family was $45,717. Males had a median income of $31,972 versus $22,684 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,493. About 6.90% of families and 8.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.90% of those under age 18 and 9.10% of those ages 65 or over.

Public schools

 * Concordia R-II School District – Concordia
 * Concordia Elementary School (PK-06)
 * Concordia High School (07-12)
 * Lafayette County C-1 School District – Higginsville
 * Grandview Elementary School (PK-05)
 * Lafayette County Middle School (06-08)
 * Lafayette County High School (09-12)
 * Lexington R-V School District – Lexington
 * Leslie Bell Elementary School (PK-04)
 * Lexington Middle School (05-08)
 * Lexington High School (09-12)
 * Odessa R-VII School District – Odessa
 * McQuerry Elementary School (K-02)
 * Odessa Upper Elementary School (03-05)
 * Odessa Middle School (06-08)
 * Odessa High School (09-12)
 * Santa Fe R-X School District – Alma
 * Santa Fe Elementary School (K-06)
 * Santa Fe High School (07-12)
 * Wellington-Napoleon R-IX School District – Wellington
 * Wellington-Napoleon Elementary School (PK-06)
 * Wellington-Napoleon High School (07-12)

Private schools

 * Trinity Lutheran School – Alma (K-09) – Lutheran
 * Holy Cross Lutheran School – Emma (PK-08) – Lutheran
 * Immanuel Lutheran School – Higginsville (K-09) – Lutheran
 * Victory Christian Fellowship School – Waverly (K-12) – Nondenominational Christian
 * St. Paul Lutheran High School – Concordia (09-12) – Lutheran
 * St. Paul's Lutheran School – Concordia (K-8) – Lutheran

Public Libraries

 * Robertson Memorial Library
 * Trails Regional Library

Local
The Republican Party mostly controls politics at the local level in Lafayette County. Republicans hold all but three of the elected positions in the county.

State
Lafayette County is divided into two legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives, both of which are held by Republicans.

 * District 33 — Donna Pfautsch (R-Harrisonville). Consists of the community of Oak Grove.

 * District 53 – Glen Kolkmeyer (R-Odessa). Consists of almost all of the county.

All of Lafayette County is a part of Missouri's 21st District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Denny Hoskins (R-Warrensburg).

Federal
All of Lafayette County is included in Missouri's 5th Congressional District, which is currently represented by Emanuel Cleaver (D-Kansas City) in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Cities and towns

 * Alma
 * Aullville
 * Bates City
 * Blackburn (part)
 * Concordia
 * Corder
 * Dover
 * Emma (part)
 * Higginsville
 * Lake Lafayette
 * Lexington (county seat)
 * Mayview
 * Napoleon
 * Oak Grove (part)
 * Odessa
 * Waverly
 * Wellington

Unincorporated communities

 * Chapel Hill
 * Ernestville
 * Greenton
 * Hodge
 * Myrick
 * Page City
 * Tabeau
 * Waterloo

title: Lafayette County, Missouri


text:
Talk:Sidcup

College
According to List of colleges and universities by country, there is a Sidcup in Kent. Can we disambiguate? -- Zoe

 * This is a hugely contentious issue - regularly debated in the local press!! Sidcup is in Kent, however it is Metropolitan Kent - ie all our council tax goes into the London kitty, for example we are paying for the Olympics, but when it comes to issues like public transport the area is conveniently forgotten!!

 * The majority of local schools proudly display the Kentish horse on their badges - I'd certainly rather be referred to as a Kentishman than a Londoner!!

 * the above forgets the basic reason (and perhaps the local press does too!): until 1965, with the setting up of the London Borough of Bexley, Sidcup was literally in Kent, as were all the constituent parts of the borough. Indeed before 1888, much more of what are now London boroughs (eg Greenwich, Woolwich et al) were also in Kent. Peter Shearan 12:25, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thankfully the "local press" and the residents of Sidcup still enjoy a Kent postal address.

Sidcup is NOT in Kent, just because it has a Kent address now means nothing, it is part of South London and is served by the Metroplitan Police, London Ambulance Service etc. There is no such thing as Metropilitan Kent, its either London or Kent. Croydon has accepted its London so Sidcup Orpington etc must too. If this wasnt fact, your council tax would go to Maidstone but it doesnt, also as you drive to the Kent boundry you will see the welcome to Kent signs, for Sidcup this is just before you reach Swanley.

As stated above Sidcup is part of Metropolitan Kent which contary to your post is very much alive and well. Local cricket, rugby and football teams play in the Kent and Kent Metropolitan Leagues. The last post is symptomatic of the politically correct drive to rid the whole of the South East of it's history, culture and traditions. The post neglects to mention that far from accepting it's London status, Croydon attempted to "go it alone" from London and become a city in it's own right less than a decade ago. The outer South London boroughs pay taxes into the Greater London kitty, but thankfully retain independence from the relentless drive to accept "all things Cockney".

I read this and contacted KCC (Kent County Council for the Londeners) and they informed me Sidcup is not in Kent and there is no such thing as Metropolitan Kent. Therefore you will be able to decide whether it is Ken or Boris you want as Mayor ! If Sidcup is in Kent then you wont receive a voting form, but you will as im sure you know.

May 1st is coming. Who are you voting for ??

Are you happy with Boris, Londoner ?? LOL

So mature....... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.208.17.212 (talk) 20:12, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

 * You people are pretty dumb to not be able to distinguish between a Postal Address and a Geographical Reference! Sports Teams in Lewisham also play for Kent Leagues and if you are from Lewisham you can only play for the Kent County Cricket Team. Justgravy (talk) 14:15, 1 September 2013 (UTC)

Twin Towns
Could anybody locate the towns which Sidcup is twinned with. I believe thay may have been in this article once upon a time, but I can't quite remember them or indeed find them online W022a 12:04, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Places in London do not tend to be twinned with other towns as they lack formal boundaries and administration. It is probably the London Borough of Bexley that has any twinning arrangement. Sidcup Urban District (an historical local government district in this area) may have been twinned with other towns in the past. MRSC 16:49, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Fictional residents?
I have slightly altered and expanded the entry for Roderick Spode, 7th Earl of Sidcup, to reflect the fact that he is is a fictional character, and put links to P.G. Wodehouse and the Jeeves (Jeeves & Wooster) stories.

I've no idea if any of the other residents listed are fictional, I've only heard of a few of them.

Redorc01 (talk) 19:33, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

and is there any evidence that he lived in Sidcup? Wasn't he a kind of pensioner of Sir Watkyn Bassett's at Totleigh Towers? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C4:5602:2301:4473:AA2:E889:A886 (talk) 14:18, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

Why can't there be a list of Bus routes/rail sign?
look at albany park, catford articles - they are all the same. frankly, it makes it look nicer and does not make it a "travel guide" !!!!!!!!!!! SerieLover (talk) 19:27, 26 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Try reading WP:NOT, particularly WP:NOTTRAVEL and WP:NOTGUIDE.Charles (talk) 21:14, 26 May 2015 (UTC)

Notable residents
Over the next couple of weeks I'm going to try to rationalise the lists of notable residents of Bexley towns. Each one currently has a long and unsourced lists of people who might have gone to school there, may anecdotally have been seen in the area, may be from a neighbouring town etc. (see Sidcup for example). Also, many people were born in, say, Bexleyheath but grew up in, say, Welling. Meanwhile the article List of people from Bexley is woefully underpopulated. So I'm going to try to migrate most of the lists to there as a central list (with fully explanation of their local connection and history etc), add them to the articles about their secondary schools if the sources back that up, and only leave people on the list in articles about the specific towns if the source clearly states that they lived in that place. (see current list at Bexleyheath for an example). This should make the info more reliable, easier to check, and easier to understand. Any comments, objections, suggestions? Jdcooper (talk) 13:21, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

Meaning of word
Further to an edit tag today by user:Sirfurboy, historic and historical mean different things. . Quote from Cambridge: "Historic means ‘important or likely to be important in history’: I feel that this is a historic moment for our country. When the Berlin wall came down, it was a historic occasion. Historical means ‘related to the study of things from the past’: I love reading historical novels. Archaeologists found a large number of historical objects when they excavated the field." An historic county is not an historical county. Clarification in the guidelines would help prevent misunderstanding followed by misuse of the what an historic county actually is. I assume the use here by Sirfurboy was a typo because s/he does know the difference. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 23:31, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sidcup


text:
Laclede County, Missouri

Laclede County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,039. Its county seat is Lebanon. The county was organized February 24, 1849, and was named after Pierre Laclède, founder of St. Louis.

Laclede County comprises the Lebanon, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 768 sqmi, of which 765 sqmi is land and 3.3 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Camden County (north)
 * Pulaski County (northeast)
 * Texas County (southeast)
 * Wright County (south)
 * Webster County (southwest)
 * Dallas County (west)

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-44 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 44
 * [[Image:US 66.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 66 (1926-1979)
 * [[Image:MO-5.svg|20px]] Route 5
 * [[Image:MO-7.svg|20px]] Route 7
 * [[Image:MO-17.svg|20px]] Route 17
 * [[Image:MO-32.svg|20px]] Route 32
 * [[Image:MO-64.svg|20px]] Route 64
 * [[Image:MO-64A.svg|20px]] Route 64A

National protected area

 * Mark Twain National Forest (part)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 32,513 people, 12,760 households, and 9,187 families residing in the county. The population density was 42 /mi2. There were 14,320 housing units at an average density of 19 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.04% White, 0.42% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. Approximately 1.23% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 12,760 households, out of which 33.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.90% were married couples living together, 9.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.00% were non-families. 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.70% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 27.80% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 96.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,562, and the median income for a family was $35,962. Males had a median income of $27,011 versus $18,283 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,572. About 11.50% of families and 14.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.50% of those under age 18 and 15.90% of those age 65 or over.

Public schools

 * Laclede County R-I School District – Conway
 * Ezard Elementary School (PK-06)
 * Conway Junior High School (07-08)
 * Conway High School (09-12)
 * Gasconade C-4 School District – Falcon
 * Gasconade Elementary School (PK-08)
 * Lebanon R-III School District – Lebanon
 * Joe D. Esther Elementary School (PK-01)
 * Maplecrest Elementary School (02-03)
 * Boswell Elementary School (04-05)
 * Lebanon Middle School (06-08)
 * Lebanon High School (09-12)
 * Joel E. Barber C-5 School District - Lebanon
 * Joel E. Barber Elementary School (PK-08)
 * Stoutland R-II School District – Stoutland
 * Stoutland Elementary School (PK-06)
 * Stoutland High School (07-12)

Post Secondary Schools

 * Ozarks Technical Community College
 *
 * Drury University
 *
 * Lebanon College of Cosmetology
 *
 * Missouri State University Outreach-Lebanon
 *

Public libraries

 * Lebanon-Laclede County Library

Cities

 * Conway
 * Lebanon (county seat)
 * Richland (mostly in Pulaski County and a small part in Camden County)

Villages

 * Evergreen
 * Phillipsburg
 * Stoutland (mostly in Camden County)

Townships

 * Auglaize
 * Eldridge
 * Franklin
 * Gasconade
 * Lebanon
 * Osage
 * Phillipsburg
 * Spring Hollow
 * Washington

Census-designated place

 * Bennett Springs

Other unincorporated places

 * Abo
 * Agnes
 * Bidwell
 * Brownfield
 * Brush Creek
 * Caffeyville
 * Carrol Junction
 * Case
 * Competition
 * Delmar
 * Dove
 * Drew
 * Drynob
 * Eldridge
 * Falcon
 * Grace
 * Hazelgreen
 * Ira
 * Lynchburg
 * Lyons
 * Morgan
 * Nebo
 * Oakland
 * Origanna
 * Orla
 * Pease
 * Prosperine
 * Radar
 * Russ
 * Saint Annie
 * Sleeper
 * Southard
 * Winnipeg

Local
The Republican Party completely controls politics at the local level in Laclede County. Republicans currently hold all of the elected positions in the county.

State
Laclede County is split between two of Missouri's legislative districts that elect members of the Missouri House of Representatives, both of which are represented by Republicans.

 * District 123 — Diane Franklin (R-Camdenton). Consists of the northern and eastern parts of the county, including Falcon and part of Lebanon.

 * District 129 — Sandy Crawford (R-Buffalo). Consists of the southwestern part of the county, including Conway, Evergreen, Phillipsburg, and most of Lebanon.

All of Laclede County is a part of Missouri's 28th District in the Missouri Senate. The seat is currently vacant. The previous incumbent, Mike Parson, was elected lieutenant governor in 2016.

Federal
All of Laclede County is included in Missouri's 4th Congressional District and is currently represented by Vicky Hartzler (R-Harrisonville) in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Missouri presidential preference primary (2008)
Former Governor Mike Huckabee (R-Arkansas) received more votes, a total of 2,791, than any candidate from either party in Laclede County during the 2008 presidential primary.

title: Laclede County, Missouri


text:
Knox County, Missouri

Knox County is a county located in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,744, making it the third-least populous county in Missouri. Its county seat is Edina. The county was organized February 14, 1845, and named for U.S. Secretary of War General Henry Knox.

Civil War
A battle was fought during the American Civil War at Newark, involving Joseph C. Porter on August 1, 1862.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 507 sqmi, of which 504 sqmi is land and 2.8 sqmi (0.6%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Scotland County (north)
 * Clark County (northeast)
 * Lewis County (east)
 * Shelby County (south)
 * Macon County (southwest)
 * Adair County (west)

Major highways

 * [[Image:MO-6.svg|20px]] Route 6
 * [[Image:MO-11.svg|20px]] Route 11
 * [[Image:MO-15.svg|20px]] Route 15
 * [[Image:MO-151.svg|20px]] Route 151
 * [[Image:MO-156.svg|20px]] Route 156

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,131 people in the county, organized into 1,791 households and 1,217 families. The population density was 9 /mi2. There were 2,317 housing units at an average density of 5 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 98.51% White, 0.09% Black or African American, 0.09% Asian, 0.02% Native American, 0.16% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Approximately 0.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,791 households, out of which 27.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.50% were married couples living together, 6.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.00% were non-families. 29.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.93.

24.90% of the county's population was under the age of 18, 6.20% from 18 to 24, 23.70% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 21.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,124, and the median income for a family was $31,741. Males had a median income of $22,636 versus $18,902 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,075. 18.00% of the population and 12.90% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.10% of those under the age of 18 and 16.50% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

The TFR for Knox County in 2004 was relatively high at 2.64, despite the population being 98% white.

Public schools

 * Knox County R-I School District – Edina
 * Knox County Elementary School (PK-06)
 * Knox County High School (07-12)

Public libraries

 * Northeast Missouri Library Service

Local
The Democratic Party mostly controls politics at the local level in Knox County. Democrats hold all but five of the elected positions in the county.

State
All of Knox County is included in Missouri's 4th District in the Missouri House of Representatives and is represented by Craig Redmon (R-Canton).

All of Knox County is a part of Missouri's 18th District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Brian Munzlinger (R-Williamstown).

Federal
All of Knox County is included in Missouri's 6th Congressional District and is currently represented by Sam Graves (R-Tarkio) in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Cities

 * Baring
 * Edina (county seat)
 * Hurdland
 * Knox City

Villages

 * Newark
 * Novelty

Census-designated place

 * Plevna

Other unincorporated place

 * Colony
 * Fabius
 * Goodland
 * Greensburg
 * Hedge City
 * Jeddo
 * Kenwood
 * Locust Hill
 * Millport

Townships
Knox County is divided into 13 townships:

 * Bee Ridge Township
 * Benton Township
 * Bourbon Township
 * Center Township
 * Colony Township
 * Fabius Township
 * Greensburg Township
 * Jeddo Township
 * Liberty Township
 * Lyon Township
 * Myrtle Township
 * Salt River Township
 * Shelton Township

Notable people

 * Terry Joyce, collegiate football All-American and professional football player.
 * George Turner, U.S. Senator

title: Knox County, Missouri


text:
Johnson County, Missouri

Johnson County is a county located in western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 54,013. Its county seat is Warrensburg. The county was formed December 13, 1834, from Lafayette County and named for Vice President Richard Mentor Johnson.

Johnson County comprises the Warrensburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 833 sqmi, of which 829 sqmi is land and 3.9 sqmi (0.5%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Lafayette County (north)
 * Pettis County (east)
 * Henry County (south)
 * Cass County (west)
 * Jackson County (northwest)

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 50.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 50
 * [[Image:MO-2.svg|20px]] Route 2
 * [[Image:MO-13.svg|20px]] Route 13
 * [[Image:MO-23.svg|20px]] Route 23
 * [[Image:MO-58.svg|20px]] Route 58
 * [[Image:MO-131.svg|20px]] Route 131

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 48,258 people, 17,410 households, and 11,821 families residing in the county. The population density was 58 /mi2. There were 18,886 housing units at an average density of 23 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 90.12% White, 4.33% Black or African American, 0.65% Native American, 1.43% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 1.29% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Approximately 2.92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 17,410 households, out of which 35.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.90% were married couples living together, 8.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were non-families. 22.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.10% under the age of 18, 20.20% from 18 to 24, 27.60% from 25 to 44, 17.80% from 45 to 64, and 9.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 101.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,391, and the median income for a family was $43,050. Males had a median income of $28,901 versus $21,376 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,037. About 9.50% of families and 14.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.20% of those under age 18 and 10.80% of those age 65 or over.

Public schools

 * Chilhowee R-IV School District – Chilhowee
 * Chilhowee Elementary School (P–6)
 * Chilhowee High School (7–12)
 * Holden R-III School District – Holden
 * Holden Elementary School (P–5)
 * Holden Intermediate School (3–5)
 * Holden Middle School (6–8)
 * Holden High School (9–12)
 * Johnson County R-VII School District – Centerview
 * Crest Ridge Elementary School (P–5)
 * Crest Ridge Middle School (6–8)
 * Crest Ridge High School (9–12)
 * Kingsville R-I School District – Kingsville
 * Kingsville Elementary School (K–6)
 * Kingsville High School (7–12)
 * Knob Noster R-VIII School District – Knob Noster
 * Knob Noster Elementary School (P–5)
 * Whiteman Air Force Base Elementary School (P–5) – Whiteman
 * Knob Noster Middle School (6–8)
 * Knob Noster High School (9–12)
 * Leeton R-X School District – Leeton
 * Leeton Elementary School (P–5)
 * Leeton Middle School (6–8)
 * Leeton High School (9–12)
 * Warrensburg R-VI School District – Warrensburg
 * Reese Early Childhood Education Center
 * Maple Grove Elementary School (P–2)
 * Ridge View Elementary School (P–2)
 * Martin Warren Elementary School (3–5)
 * Sterling Elementary School (3–5)
 * Warrensburg Middle School (6–8)
 * Warrensburg High School (9–12)
 * Warrensburg Area Career Center

Private schools

 * Johnson County Christian Academy – Centerview (K–9) – Nondenominational Christian

Post-secondary

 * University of Central Missouri – Warrensburg – A public, four-year university

Public libraries

 * Holden Public Library
 * Trails Regional Library

Local
The Republican Party predominantly controls politics at the local level in Johnson County. Republicans hold all elected offices in Johnson County.

State
Johnson County is divided into four legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives, all of which are held by Republicans.

 * District 51 — Dean Dohrman (R-La Monte). Consists of the eastern half of the city of Warrensburg.

 * District 52 — Nathan Beard (R-Sedalia). Consists of the community of Knob Noster, and Whiteman Air Force Base.

 * District 53 — Glen Kolkmeyer (R-Odessa). Consists of the northern section of the county.

 * District 54 — Dan Houx (R- Warrensburg). Consists of western half of the city of Warrensburg and the communities of Centerview, Chilhowee, Holden, Kingsville, La Tour, and Leeton.

All of Johnson County is a part of Missouri's 21st District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Denny Hoskins (R-Warrensburg).

Federal
All of Johnson County is included in Missouri's 4th Congressional District and is currently represented by Vicky Hartzler (R-Harrisonville) in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Political culture
Johnson is a solidly Republican county. The last Democrat to carry Johnson County was Bill Clinton in 1992.

Cities

 * Holden
 * Knob Noster
 * Warrensburg (county seat)

Villages

 * Centerview
 * Leeton
 * Chilhowee
 * Kingsville

Census-designated places

 * La Tour
 * Whiteman AFB

Other unincorporated places

 * Bowen
 * Bowmansville
 * Burtville
 * Columbus
 * Cornelia
 * Denton
 * Dunksburg
 * Elm
 * Fayetteville
 * Fulkerson
 * Greendoor
 * Henrietta
 * Hoffman
 * Magnolia
 * Medford
 * Montserrat
 * Mount Olive
 * Owsley
 * Pittsville
 * Post Oak
 * Quick City
 * Robbins
 * Rose Hill
 * Sutherland
 * Valley City

title: Johnson County, Missouri


text:
Talk:Sipson

Odd
What an odd way to describe what, according to the London Atlas map, is an area of West London: a "petite road"! The description of the "many parts" (an overworked expression when there are only four!) is odd too: if this is describing a road then Sipson road begins in the north in West Drayton - built-up area and certainly not farmland. And why Macdonalds should be "an attraction" beats me!!!! Anyway I don't know enough about the place to make any worthwhile amendments, but the map and this article are at odds with one another. Peter Shearan 06:54, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

the attractions part and the 'butcher's shop is never open!' line seem very amateurish, and somebody who knows about Sipson should change this article. Saccerzd 13:22, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Expand this article while there's still a village to write about
It's a tiny consolation for villagers faced with losing their home, but unlike most other abandoned settlements Sipson has the luxury of its twilight years overlapping with the growth of free content media. As such, we can go now and take photos and document the place in other ways so that the memory of this centuries-old village can be preserved for posterity. We need to do this soon before Sipson takes on the appearance of a large concrete pancake. How about UK Wikipedians make this article a collaboration and bringing it to featured status so that on Wikipedia at least, it can go out in a blaze of glory? 79.64.160.29 (talk) 22:50, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

I agree, unfortunataly, I live 200 miles North of Sipson, so I doubt I will be passing anytime soon. Given the intrest in the case, I would have thought someone would have done so. Mtaylor848 (talk) 21:36, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

Lots of farm detail
Is the minutiae of farm ownership in Sipson really of the necessary noteworthiness? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.134.158.72 (talk) 11:33, 7 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sipson


text:
Jefferson County, Missouri

Jefferson County is located in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 226,739, making it the sixth-most populous county in Missouri. Its county seat is Hillsboro. The county was organized in 1818 and named in honor of former president Thomas Jefferson.

In 1980, according to the U.S. census held that year, the county contained the mean center of U.S. population. Notably, this was the first census in which the center of population was west of the Mississippi River.

Jefferson County is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area and encompasses many of the city's southern suburbs.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 664 sqmi, of which 657 sqmi is land and 7.7 sqmi (1.2%) is water. The county's eastern border is the Mississippi River.

Adjacent counties

 * St. Louis County (north)
 * Monroe County, Illinois (east)
 * Ste. Genevieve County (southeast)
 * St. Francois County (south)
 * Washington County (southwest)
 * Franklin County (west)

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-55 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 55
 * [[Image:US 61.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 61
 * [[Image:US 67.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 67
 * [[Image:MO-21.svg|20px]] Route 21
 * [[Image:MO-30.svg|20px]] Route 30
 * [[Image:MO-109.svg|20px]] Route 109
 * [[Image:MO-110.svg|20px]] Route 110
 * [[Image:MO-141.svg|20px]] Route 141
 * [[Image:MO-231.svg|20px]] Route 231

National protected area

 * Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Demographics
As of the 2020 Census Jefferson County had a population of 226,739. The ethnic and racial makeup of the county was 90.4% white (89.7% non-Hispanic white), 1.0% black or African American, 0.3% American Indian, 0.8% Asian, 0.8% some other race, and 6.6% two or more races. 2.4% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin.

As of the 2010 Census Jefferson County had a population of 218,733. The reported ethnic and racial make up of the population was 95.4% non-Hispanic white, 0.8% African-American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.4% reporting some other race, 1.3% reporting two or more races and 1.6% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census of 2000, there were 198,099 people, 71,499 households, and 54,553 families residing in the county. The population density was 302 PD/sqmi. There were 75,586 housing units at an average density of 115 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.48% White, 0.68% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Approximately 1.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 71,499 households, out of which 38.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.00% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.70% were non-families. 18.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.90% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 31.80% from 25 to 44, 22.50% from 45 to 64, and 9.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 98.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $60,636, and the median income for a family was $66,697. Males had a median income of $37,822 versus $25,440 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,058. About 4.90% of families and 6.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.10% of those under age 18 and 6.30% of those age 65 or over.

There were 146,316 registered voters in 2008. As of October 24, 2012, there were 148,011.

Public schools

 * School District 47 - Crystal City
 * Crystal City High School - Crystal City
 * De Soto School District 73 - De Soto
 * Early Childhood Center (PK)
 * Athena Elementary School (K-06)
 * Vineland Elementary School (K-06)
 * De Soto Jr. High School (07-08)
 * De Soto High School (09-12)
 * Dunklin R-V School District - Herculaneum
 * Festus R-IV School District - Festus
 * Festus Elementary School (K-03)
 * Festus Intermediate School (04-06)
 * Festus Middle School (07-08)
 * Festus High School (09-12)
 * Fox C-6 School District - Arnold
 * Grandview R-II School District - Hillsboro
 * Grandview Elementary School (K-05) - Hillsboro
 * Grandview Middle School (06-08) - Hillsboro
 * Grandview High School (09-12) - Ware
 * Hillsboro R-3 School District - Hillsboro
 * Hillsboro Primary School (K-02)
 * Hillsboro Elementary School (03-04)
 * Hillsboro Middle School (05-06)
 * Hillsboro Jr. High School (07-08)
 * Hillsboro High School (09-12)
 * Jefferson County R-VII School District - Festus
 * Plattin Primary School (PK-02) - Plattin
 * Telegraph Intermediate School (03-05) - Festus
 * Danby-Rush Tower Middle School (06-08) - Festus
 * Jefferson High School- Festus
 * Northwest R-I School District - High Ridge
 * Brennan Woods Elementary School (K-05) - High Ridge
 * Cedar Springs Elementary School (K-05) - House Springs
 * High Ridge Elementary School (K-05) - High Ridge
 * House Springs Elementary School (K-05) - House Springs
 * Maple Grove Elementary School (K-05) - Dittmer
 * Murphy Elementary School (K-05) - High Ridge
 * Woodridge Middle School (06-08) - High Ridge
 * Valley Middle School (06-08) - House Springs
 * Northwest High School (09-12) - Cedar Hill
 * Sunrise R-IX School District - De Soto
 * Sunrise Elementary School (K-08) - De Soto
 * Windsor C-1 School District - Imperial

Private schools

 * Christian Outreach School (K-12) - Hillsboro - Nondenominational Christian
 * People's Christian Academy (K-12) - Arnold - Assembly of God/Pentecostal
 * St. Pius X High School (09-12) - Festus - Roman Catholic
 * Twin City Christian Academy (PK-12) - Festus - Baptist
 * Good Shepherd Catholic School - (K-08) - Hillsboro - Roman Catholic
 * Holy Child Elementary & Middle School - Arnold - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
 * Manna Christian Academy - De Soto - (K-12) - Southern Baptist
 * Our Lady's Catholic School - Festus - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
 * Sacred Heart Catholic School - Festus - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
 * St. Anthony's Catholic School - High Ridge - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
 * St. Joseph's Catholic School - Imperial - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
 * St. Johns Lutheran School - Arnold - (PK-08) - Lutheran
 * St. Johns School - Imperial - (K-08) - Nondenominational Christianity
 * St. Rose of Lima Catholic School - De Soto - (K-08) - Roman Catholic

Post-secondary
Jefferson College - Hillsboro A public, two-year community college

Public libraries

 * Crystal City Public Library
 * De Soto Public Library
 * Festus Public Library
 * Herculaneum Public Library
 * Jefferson County Public Library

Local
Historically, the Democratic Party has controlled politics at the local level in Jefferson County but starting in 2010 the Republican Party has flipped the county with 66% of the population voting Republican in 2020.

State
Jefferson County is divided into seven legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives; All of which are held by Republicans. Jefferson County consists of two State Senate Districts.

 * District 111 Shane Roden (R-Cedar Hill). Consists of Byrnes Mill, Cedar Hill, Cedar Hill Lakes, House Springs, and Scottsdale.

 * District 112 Rob Vescovo (R-Arnold). Consists of areas near Arnold and Byrnes Mill.

 * District 113 Dan Shaul (R-Imperial). Consists of most Arnold, all of Imperial and Kimmswick, and part of Barnhart.

 * District 114 Becky Ruth (R-Festus). Consists of part of Barnhart, and all of Crystal City, Festus, Herculaneum, and Pevely.

 * District 115 Cyndi Buchheit-Courtway (R-Festus). Consists of Olympian Village and areas near De Soto.

 * District 118 Mike McGirl (R-Potosi). Consists of De Soto and Hillsboro.

Jefferson County is also divided into two districts in the Missouri Senate.

 * District 3 — Elaine Gannon (R-De Soto) Consists of De Soto, Hillsboro, and Olympian Village as well as part of Festus.

 * District 22 — Paul Wieland (R-Imperial) Consists of the northern part of the county.

Federal
Jefferson County is divided among three congressional districts. Prior to the 2012 election all of it was included in Missouri's 3rd Congressional District, but now about half of it is in the 3rd District, while the northeastern portion is in the 2nd Congressional District and the southern portion is in the 8th Congressional District.

Political culture
A predominantly suburban county, Jefferson County used to be fairly independent-leaning at the federal level with a tendency to tilt Democratic. Presidential elections in Jefferson County were often very close; George W. Bush just narrowly carried the county in 2004 by less than 600 votes and by just over a half of a percentage point. Al Gore and Barack Obama also just narrowly carried the county in 2000 and 2008, respectively. Bill Clinton, however, did manage to carry Jefferson County by double digits both times in 1992 and 1996. However, in 2012 the county began to swing hard to the right with Mitt Romney carrying it with 55% of the vote. In 2016 Donald Trump won the county with 65% of the vote, the largest margin of any candidate since Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

Typical of the suburban culture in most counties throughout the country, voters in Jefferson County tend to be rather centrist on social issues but more liberal on economic issues. In 2004, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman—it overwhelmingly passed Jefferson County with 72.56 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent of support from voters as Missouri became the first state to ban same-sex marriage. In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state—it narrowly passed Jefferson County with 51.85 percent voting for the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research. In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $6.50 an hour—it passed Jefferson County with 79.90 percent of the vote. The proposition strongly passed every single county in Missouri with 78.99 percent voting in favor as the minimum wage was increased to $6.50 an hour in the state. During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage.

2008 Missouri presidential primary

 * Republican

U.S. Senator John McCain (R-Arizona) won Jefferson County with 33.54% of the vote. Former Governor Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts finished in second with 30.45% of the vote, while former Governor Mike Huckabee (R-Arkansas) came in third with 30.19% in Jefferson County. Libertarian-leaning U.S. Representative Ron Paul (R-Texas) finished a distant fourth place with 3.94% of the vote in Jefferson County. McCain received all of Missouri's 58 delegates as the Republican Party utilizes the winner-takes-all system.

 * Democratic

U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton (D-New York) won Jefferson County over Senator Barack Obama (D-Illinois) with 61.32% of the vote, while Obama received 35.02% of the vote. Although he withdrew from the race, former U.S. Senator John Edwards (D-North Carolina) still received 2.74% of the vote in Jefferson County. Jefferson County gave Clinton one of her strongest showings in a predominantly suburban county in the entire country.

Clinton had a large initial lead in Missouri at the beginning of the evening as the rural precincts began to report, leading several news organizations to call the state for her; however, Obama rallied from behind as the heavily African American precincts from St. Louis began to report and eventually put him over the top. In the end, Obama received 49.32 percent of the vote to Clinton's 47.90% — a 1.42% difference. Both candidates split Missouri's 72 delegates, as the Democratic Party utilizes proportional representation.

Hillary Rodham Clinton received more votes, a total of 19,075, than any candidate from either party in Jefferson County during the 2008 Missouri Presidential Primaries. She also received more votes than the total number of votes cast in the entire Republican Primary in Jefferson County.

Health
According to a 2012 census study by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Jefferson County led the Saint Louis metropolitan area in the number of adults who smoke, roughly 30% of all adult residents of Jefferson County smoked or used tobacco in some form, compared to the 19% national average and the 24% Missouri state average. Jefferson County and the state of Missouri led the nation in methamphetamine production, peaking in the mid-2000s.

Cities

 * Arnold
 * Byrnes Mill
 * Crystal City
 * De Soto
 * Festus
 * Herculaneum
 * Hillsboro (county seat)
 * Kimmswick
 * Olympian Village
 * Pevely

Villages

 * Cedar Hill Lakes
 * Lake Tekakwitha
 * Parkdale
 * Peaceful Village
 * Scotsdale

Townships

 * Big River
 * Central
 * High Ridge
 * Joachim
 * Meramec
 * Plattin
 * Rock
 * Valle

Census-designated places

 * Barnhart
 * Briarwood Estates
 * Cedar Hill
 * High Ridge
 * Horine
 * Imperial
 * LaBarque Creek
 * Murphy
 * Raintree Plantation
 * Summer Set

Other unincorporated communities

 * Antonia
 * Bailey
 * Belews Creek
 * Bushburg
 * Byrnesville
 * Danby
 * Dittmer
 * Donnell
 * Fletcher
 * Flucom
 * Frumet
 * Goldman
 * Grubville
 * Hematite
 * House Springs
 * Jarvis
 * Knorpp
 * Liguori
 * Local
 * Ludwig
 * Mapaville
 * Melzo
 * Meramec Heights
 * Morse Mill
 * Munsons
 * Oermann
 * Old Mines
 * Papin
 * Plattin
 * Regina
 * Riverside
 * Rush Tower
 * Seckman
 * Selma
 * Sulphur Springs
 * Valles Mines
 * Victoria
 * Vineland
 * Ware

title: Jefferson County, Missouri


text:
Jasper County, Missouri

Jasper County is located in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 122,761. Its county seat is Carthage, and its largest city is Joplin. The county was organized in 1841 and named for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolutionary War.

Jasper County is included in the Joplin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Jasper County Sheriff's Office has legal jurisdiction throughout the county.

Osage Nation
Before European contact, the area that today makes up Jasper County was the domain of the Osage Native Americans, who called themselves the "Children of the Middle Waters" (Ni-U-Kon-Ska). A Siouan language tribe, they had migrated west and south centuries before from the Ohio Valley.

They were powerful and dominated a large territory encompassed the land between the Missouri and Osage rivers to the north, the Mississippi River to the east, and the Arkansas River to the south. To the west were the Great Plains, where they hunted buffalo. By the late 17th century, the Osage were calling themselves Wah-Zha-Zhe.

The earliest record of European-Osage contact is a 1673 map by French Jesuit priest and explorer Jacques Marquette. He noted the people he encountered as the Ouchage, his way of pronouncing the sound of the name with French spelling conventions. A few years after the Marquette expedition, French explorers discovered a Little Osage village and called it Ouazhigi. French transliterations of the tribe's name settled on a spelling of Osage, which was later adopted by English-speaking European Americans.

In 1682 Robert de La Salle canoed down the length of the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming and naming the entire Mississippi basin as “La Louisiane” in honor of King Louis XIV. In 1699 Louisiana was designated as an administrative district of New France. The European colonists and nationals (France, England and Spain) considered this to be French territory. The French divided the Louisiana district into upper and lower parts, with the Arkansas River as the dividing line.

After France and Spain's defeat by Great Britain in the Seven Years' War in 1763, France ceded Louisiana to Spain and most of the rest of New France, on the east side of the Mississippi River, to the British. They exchanged Cuba with Spain and took over east Florida. For a few decades, the Spanish District of New Madrid, containing present-day Jasper County, was the southernmost of the five Spanish districts comprising Upper Louisiana. France regained control of Louisiana through the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800, but in 1803, following defeat of his troops in an effort to retake the colony of Saint Domingue in the Caribbean, Napoleon Bonaparte I decided to sell his North American territory to the United States in what is known as the Louisiana Purchase.

The Osage began treaty-making with the United States in 1808 with the first cession of lands in Missouri in the (Osage Treaty). The Osage moved from their homelands on the Osage River in 1808 to the Jasper County area of southwest Missouri. In 1825, the Osages ceded their traditional lands across present-day Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma (then known as Indian Territory). They were first moved onto a southeastern Kansas reservation in the Cherokee Strip, on which the city of Independence, Kansas developed. In 1872 they were forced to move again, south to Indian Territory.

Missouri Territory

The Upper Louisiana Territory, including the Jasper County area, was renamed as the Missouri Territory on June 4, 1812, to avoid confusion with the state of Louisiana. This had joined the Union in 1812. The new New Madrid District became New Madrid County, Missouri Territory. Old Lawrence County was established in 1815 from New Madrid County west of the St. Francis River and north of Arkansas County. It originally consisted of all of present-day southwestern Missouri and part of northwestern Arkansas.

Three years later (1818), Lawrence County was combined with part of Cape Girardeau County and renamed as Wayne County. By 1819, Arkansas Territory had been created; Wayne County lost some of its area but still consisted of most of southern Missouri: from present-day Wayne County west to the Kansas State Line and bordered on the south by the Arkansas State Line.

In 1820, all of Missouri Territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Missouri. In 1831, with increased population in the region, Crawford County was carved from the original Wayne. This new division covered all of the southern part of Missouri and included Jasper County in its boundaries. This alignment was also short-lived; in 1833 Greene County was organized from Crawford County, and extended from the Niangua River west to the Kansas State Line.

On January 5, 1835, a big piece was cut out of Greene County and organized as Barry County. In 1838 Barry County was divided into four parts called Barry, Dade, Newton and Jasper counties. At this time Jasper was not a full-fledged county but was attached to Newton County and it would remain so until 1841.

County organization

On January 29, 1841, the Missouri Legislature enacted a bill authorizing formation of Jasper County; it was named in honor of Sergeant William Jasper, a hero in the American Revolutionary War. The Jasper County Court initially divided the area into three townships: North Fork, Center Creek and Marion. Later it was organized as 15 townships, which continue as unincorporated jurisdictions.

The county court, as a temporary seat of justice, was established on February 25, 1841, in the home of George Hornback. It was a 12×16-foot log cabin, one and a half miles northwest of Carthage on Spring River. The officers of the court were Charles S. Yancey, judge, and Elwood B. James, clerk. Mount Vernon attorney Robert W. Crawford was appointed circuit attorney pro tem. John P. Osborn, the first sheriff, gave public notice that the county court of Jasper County would meet in the home of George Hornback until the permanent seat of justice was established. The first session of the court was two days; the proceedings covered four pages of record.

A permanent county seat was chosen in March 1842 and designated by the name of Carthage. The courthouse, a one-story single-room wooden structure with a large door in the south, was completed on June 29, 1842. It was located on the north side of the present public square in Carthage. This courthouse was later replaced by a larger two-story brick-and-stone structure that was completed in 1854; it also had facilities in the building for the county jail. At the second term of the court held in October of the same year, attorneys Robert W. Crawford and John R. Chenault were cited for contempt and fined the sum of ten dollars for "fighting in the presence and view of said court during the said sitting."

At the March 1861 Secession Convention held in Jefferson City, Chenault represented Jasper County while Crawford represented Lawrence County. Possibly for their own self-preservation, and to buy time to make preparations in Southwest Missouri for the war, the two former adversaries voted in favor of keeping Missouri in the Union. Missouri was the only state whose secession convention resulted in voting to stay in the Union.

At the outset of the war Chenault, by then a circuit court judge, moved with his family to Texas. Following the Battle of Carthage, on July 12, 1861, Crawford was elected Lieutenant Colonel of the 13th Missouri Cavalry Regiment and 5th Missouri Infantry, both of the 8th Division, Missouri State Guard. They were part of the Confederate States Army (CSA), although Missouri remained with the Union. After leading the 13th Cavalry Regiment into numerous battles, in a command that included two of his sons in first lieutenant and quartermaster ranks, Crawford moved his noncombatant family to Texas for safety.

He served as a recruiter for the Confederate Army in Missouri, a post he was nominated for by Waldo P. Johnson, formerly a United States Senator from Missouri in a letter to Missouri governor-in-exile Claiborne Fox Jackson dated October 24, 1862.

By the start of the American Civil War in 1861, there were several small river mill settlements, some mining camps, and about nine or ten towns (seven platted) in Jasper County, Missouri. The county seat of Carthage, Missouri had an estimated population of between four and five hundred at that time. The newer brick courthouse was used as a hospital during the American Civil War and was destroyed by fire during fighting in October 1863. By the end of the war, Carthage had been evacuated and completely destroyed, and much of Jasper County laid in ruins. Other than military tribunals, no courts were held in Jasper County between May 11, 1861, and October 10, 1865.

By order of the Governor in 1865, the courthouse was relocated to the pioneer schoolhouse at Cave Springs (near present-day La Russell, Missouri), with John C. Price of Mount Vernon appointed as the circuit court judge. Price later (before?) served as treasurer of the United States under President James Buchanan. The county court operated in other temporary locations within the county until the current Jasper County Courthouse was constructed on Carthage square in the mid-1890s.

The county adopted an official flag in 2001, which was unveiled during the county's 160th birthday celebration. The flag depicts the county courthouse surrounded by 15 stars, representing Jasper County's 15 townships. The center blue and red stars memorialize the struggle in Jasper County during the Civil War years, including the Battle of Carthage in 1861 and second battle in 1863.

Towns established prior to the Civil War
,

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 641 sqmi, of which 638 sqmi is land and 2.8 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

On Sunday, May 22, 2011, Jasper County was struck in Joplin with a catastrophic EF5 multiple-vortex tornado. The 2011 Joplin tornado ranked as the seventh deadliest in America's history.

Adjacent counties

 * Barton County (north)
 * Dade County (northeast)
 * Lawrence County (east)
 * Newton County (south)
 * Cherokee County, Kansas (west)
 * Crawford County, Kansas (northwest)

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-44 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 44
 * [[Image:I-49 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 49
 * [[Image:US 66.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 66 (1926–1985)
 * [[Image:US 71.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 71
 * [[Image:MO-37.svg|20px]] Route 37
 * [[Image:MO-43.svg|20px]] Route 43
 * [[Image:MO-66.svg|20px]] Route 66
 * [[Image:MO-96.svg|20px]] Route 96
 * [[Image:MO-171.svg|20px]] Route 171
 * [[Image:MO-249.svg|20px]] Route 249

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 117,404 people, 45,639 households, and 30,202 families residing in the county. The population density was 164 /mi2. There were 50,668 housing units at an average density of 71 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 88.24% White, 1.93% Black or African American, 1.51% Native American, 0.99% Asian, 0.25% Pacific Islander, 3.89% from other races, and 3.18% from two or more races. Approximately 6.84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 45,639 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.05

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.17% under the age of 19, 7.4% from 20 to 24, 25.11% from 25 to 44, 22.24% from 45 to 64, and 12.14% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,323, and the median income for a family was $37,611. Males had a median income of $28,573 versus $20,386 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,227. About 10.40% of families and 14.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.20% of those under age 18 and 10.30% of those age 65 or over.

Public schools

 * Avilla R-XIII School District – Avilla
 * Avilla Elementary/Middle School (K-08)
 * Carl Junction R-I School District – Carl Junction
 * Carl Junction Primary School (K-01)
 * Carl Junction Primary School (02-03)
 * Carl Junction Intermediate School (04-06)
 * Carl Junction Junior High School (07-08)
 * Carl Junction High School (09-12)
 * Carthage R-IX School District – Carthage
 * Columbian Elementary School (PK-04)
 * Fairview Elementary School (PK-04)
 * Mark Twain Elementary School (PK-04)
 * Pleasant Valley Elementary School (PK-04)
 * Steadley Elementary School (PK-04)
 * Carthage Middle School (05-06)
 * Carthage Junior High School (07-08)
 * Carthage High School (09-12)
 * Jasper R-V School District – Jasper
 * Jasper County Elementary School (K-06)
 * Jasper High School (07-12)
 * Joplin R-VIII School District – Joplin
 * Memorial Education Center (PK)
 * Cecil Floyd Elementary School (K-05)
 * Columbia Elementary School (K-05)
 * Soaring Heights Elementary School (K-05)
 * Eastmorland Elementary School (PK-05)
 * Irving Elementary School (K-05)
 * Jefferson Elementary School (K-05)
 * Kelsey Norman Elementary School (K-05)
 * McKinley Elementary School (K-05)
 * Royal Heights Elementary School (K-05)
 * Stapleton Elementary School (K-05)
 * West Central Elementary School (K-05)
 * East Middle School (06-08)
 * North Middle School (06-08)
 * South Middle School (06-08)
 * Joplin High School (09-12)
 * Sarcoxie R-II School District – Sarcoxie
 * Wildwood Elementary School (PK-05)
 * Sarcoxie High School (06-12)
 * Webb City R-VII School District – Webb City
 * Franklin Early Childhood Center (PK)
 * Madge T. James Kindergarten Center (PK-K)
 * Bess Truman Primary Center (K-01)
 * Webster Primary Center (01-02)
 * Carterville Elementary School (PK-04)
 * Eugene Field Elementary School (03-04)
 * Harry S. Truman Elementary School (02-04)
 * Mark Twain Elementary School (03-04)
 * Webb City Middle School (05-06)
 * Webb City Junior High School (07-08)
 * Webb City High School (09-12)

Private schools

 * Thomas Jefferson Independent Day School – Joplin (K-12) – Nonsectarian (Special Education)
 * Joplin Area Catholic Schools – Joplin (PK-12) – Roman Catholic
 * St. Mary's Elementary School (PK-05)
 * St. Peter's Middle School (06-08)
 * McAuley Catholic High School (09-12)
 * Martin Luther School – Joplin (PK-08) – Lutheran
 * College Heights Christian School – Joplin (PK-12) – Nondenominational Christian
 * St. Ann’s Catholic School – Carthage (PK-06) – Roman Catholic

Post-secondary

 * Missouri Southern State University - Joplin. A public, four-year university.
 * Ozark Christian College - Joplin. A private, four-year college associated with the independent Christian churches and churches of Christ.

Public libraries

 * Carthage Public Library
 * Joplin Public Library
 * Sarcoxie Public Library
 * Webb City Public Library

Cities

 * Alba
 * Asbury
 * Carl Junction
 * Carterville
 * Carthage (county seat)
 * Duenweg
 * Jasper
 * Joplin (small portion in Newton County; largest city)
 * La Russell
 * Neck City
 * Oronogo
 * Purcell
 * Reeds
 * Sarcoxie
 * Waco
 * Webb City

Villages

 * Airport Drive
 * Avilla
 * Brooklyn Heights
 * Carytown
 * Duquesne
 * Fidelity

Unincorporated communities

 * Belleville
 * Bowers Mill
 * Dudenville
 * Galesburg
 * Kendricktown
 * Knights
 * Lone Elm
 * Maple Grove
 * Maxville
 * Medoc
 * Parshley
 * Preston
 * Prosperity
 * Scotland
 * Tuckahoe

Former community

 * Oakland Park

Townships

 * Duval
 * Galena
 * Jackson
 * Jasper
 * Joplin
 * Lincoln
 * Madison
 * Marion
 * McDonald
 * Mineral
 * Preston
 * Sarcoxie
 * Sheridan
 * Twin Groves
 * Union

Local
The Republican Party completely controls politics at the local level in Jasper County. Republicans hold every elected position in the county. In 2016, Hillary Clinton received 21.9% of the vote in Jasper County, lower than any Democratic presidential candidate in the county's history.

State
Jasper County is divided into four districts in the Missouri House of Representatives, all of which are held by Republicans.

 * District 127 — Ann Kelley (R-Lamar) Consists the Northeast part of the county.

 * District 161 — Bill White (R-Joplin) Consists of the city of Joplin.

 * District 162 — Charlie Davis (R-Carl Junction) Consists of the Western art of County.

 * District 163 — Cody Smith (R-Carthage) Consists of the Eastern part of the county.

All of Jasper County is a part of Missouri's 32nd District in the Missouri Senate and is represented by Jill Carter (R-Joplin).

Federal
All of Jasper County is included in Missouri's 7th Congressional District and is represented by Billy Long (R-Springfield) in the U.S. House of Representatives.

title: Jasper County, Missouri


text:
Jackson County, Missouri

Jackson County is located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri, on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 717,204. making it the second-most populous county in the state (after St. Louis County in the east).

Although Independence retains its status as the original county seat, Kansas City, Missouri, serves as a second county seat and the center of county government. The county was organized December 15, 1826, and named for former Tennessee senator Andrew Jackson, who would become President of the United States three years later in 1829.

Early years
Jackson County was long home to members of the indigenous Osage tribe, who occupied this territory at the time of European encounter. The first known European explorers were French trappers who used the Missouri River as a highway for explorations and trading with regional Native American tribes. Jackson County was claimed as a part of the territory of New France, until 1763 and the British victory in the French and Indian War. After that, France ceded this territory west of the Mississippi River to Great Britain's ally, Spain. In 1800 Spain was forced by France in the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso to return its Louisiana Territory (of which modern Jackson County formed a part) to France. Soon abandoning its claims in North America, Napoleon of France sold the territory to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.

Operating on behalf of President Thomas Jefferson, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark passed through Jackson County on their notable Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1804, to survey peoples, property and resources of the Louisiana Territory. Among other items, their report indicated a "high, commanding position" along the river within the current boundaries of Jackson County; in 1808 Fort Osage was constructed there. This stockade and trading post was one of the first U.S. military installations within the Louisiana Purchase territory, and remained active until 1822.

In 1821, Jackson County was included in the newly admitted state of Missouri. Jackson County was organized on December 15, 1826, and named for Andrew Jackson, U.S. Senator from Tennessee and military hero of the War of 1812, who would ascend to the Presidency shortly after, in 1829. Its county seat was designated as Independence, then a minuscule settlement near a spring. However, the rapid increase in westward exploration and expansion ultimately resulted in Independence becoming the starting point for three of the great Westward Trails: the Santa Fe Trail, the Oregon Trail, and the California Trail. Following the American Civil War and construction of railroads through this area, nearby Kansas City, Missouri, ultimately eclipsed Independence, though both towns remain county seats.

In 1838, the "Town Company" bought a small piece of land along the Missouri River in northern Jackson County, establishing "Westport Landing" (today this is known as the River Market district). The area outside Westport Landing was renamed in 1839 as the "Town of Kansas", after the local Kanza or Kaw tribe.

The town was chartered by Jackson County in 1850 and incorporated by the State of Missouri in 1853 as the "City of Kansas". In 1889, with a population of around 60,000, the city adopted a new charter and changed its name to Kansas City. In 1897, Kansas City annexed Westport.

Latter Day Saints
Jackson County figures prominently in the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as Mormons. The Church was formed in upstate New York in 1830 and in March 1831 President Joseph Smith said that a location on the Missouri–Kansas border was to be the latter-day "New Jerusalem" with the "center place" located in Independence, the county seat. Traveling to the area in the summer of 1831, Smith and some associates formally proclaimed Jackson County as the site in a ceremony in August 1831.

Leadership and members of the Church began moving to Jackson County soon after but open conflict with earlier settlers ensued, driven by religious and cultural differences. Many early settlers along the Missouri River had come from the upper South: Kentucky and Tennessee, for instance, and brought their slaves and pro-slavery customs with them. They believed that the "Yankee" Mormons, from New York and northern states, were abolitionists. Mobs in the public and private sector used force to drive individual Saints from Jackson to nearby counties within Missouri and put Latter Day Saints on notice that they had until November 6, 1833, to leave the county en masse. On November 23, 1833, the few remaining LDS residents were ordered to leave Jackson County. By mid-1839, following the Missouri Mormon War, the Mormons were driven from the state altogether. They did not return to Jackson County or Missouri in significant numbers until 1867, two years after the end of the Civil War.

Civil War
During the Civil War, Jackson County was the scene of several engagements, the most notable of which was the Battle of Westport in 1864, sometimes referred to as "the Gettysburg of Missouri". The Union victory here firmly established Northern control of Missouri, and led to the failure of Confederate General Sterling Price's Missouri expedition. Other noteworthy battles were fought in Independence in 1862, Lone Jack a few days later, and again in Independence in 1864.

Jackson County was strongly affected by Union General Thomas Ewing's infamous General Order No. 11 (1863). With large numbers of Confederate sympathizers living within its boundaries, and active Confederate operations in the area a frequent occurrence, the Union command was determined to deprive Confederate bushwhackers of all local support. Ewing's decree practically emptied the rural portions of the county, and resulted in the burning of large portions of Jackson and adjacent counties. According to American artist George Caleb Bingham, who described the order as "imbecilic" and was a resident of Kansas City at the time, one could see the "dense columns of smoke arising in every direction", symbolic of what he termed "a ruthless military despotism which spared neither age, sex, character, nor condition". Because of the destruction carried out under the order, its legacy haunted Jackson County for decades after the war.

Twentieth century
The coming of the railroads and the building of stockyards led to the rapid expansion of Kansas City in the late 19th century. During the 1920s and '30s, the city became a noted center for Jazz and Blues music, as well as the headquarters of Hallmark Cards and the site of Walt Disney's first animation studio. The county fared better than many during the Great Depression, as local political boss Thomas Pendergast worked to implement a $50,000,000 public works project that provided thousands of jobs. One of Pendergast's political protegés was a young World War I veteran from Independence, Harry S. Truman, who had been his nephew's commanding officer in the war. Truman was elected Presiding Judge (equivalent to a County Executive) of Jackson County with Pendergast support in 1926. He later was elected as a U.S. Senator from Missouri, Vice President and, in 1945, following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, succeeded him to become the thirty-third President of the United States. Truman was also elected president in 1948 in his own right.

Following World War II, developers followed new highways and created subdivisions for new housing, which increasingly encroached on rural portions of the county. They provided housing for the nation's returning veterans and their young families. Independence, Blue Springs and Lee's Summit underwent growth during this period, which continues to the present. Kansas City, on the other hand, suffered problems of urban decay as jobs and families left the industrial city, problems common to many large American cities in the late 20th century.

Recent building projects have sought to reverse this trend, including work on the city's famous City Market, Westport district, 18th and Vine Historic District, and most recently, the Kansas City Power & Light District.

Some of the county's local history is presented at the Pleasant Hill Historical Society Museum, in Pleasant Hill on the southern edge of the county.

Economy
The total employment as of 2021 is 332,758.

Government
Jackson County was the second county to adopt a home-rule charter under the Missouri Constitution. The Jackson County Charter was adopted by the voters in 1970 and was amended in 1985 and 1986.

Executive power of the county is vested in the county executive, which is a full-time salaried position. The county executive is elected at-large by the general population of the county for a four-year term.

The County Prosecutor is a full-time salaried position elected at-large by the general population of the county for a four-year term

Ordinances are passed by a county legislature. The legislature is made up of nine members: six are elected from smaller, single-member districts within the county. Three are elected "at large" from larger districts, each by voters of the whole county. Member terms are 4 years, beginning on January 1 following the election.

There are 244,570 registered voters.

Law enforcement
The County Sheriff is a full-time salaried position elected by the general population of the county for a four-year term the sheriff is Darryl Forté. The Sheriff's Office is also responsible for the county's jail. Sheriff Mike Sharp resigned in April 2018 amidst scandal. He was the subject of a lawsuit that alleged sexual misconduct, personal use of public funds and sexual harassment. Sheriff Darryl Forté was then appointed. He had recently retired as the chief of the Kansas City Police Department. He was elected to a full term in November of that year.

In mid-2019, Sheriff Forté directed a more-restrictive policy on high-speed pursuits the day after one of his deputies was charged with injuring a bystander during such a chase in May 2018.

Courts
Jackson County is the only county that falls under the jurisdiction of the 16th Judicial Circuit of the Missouri Circuit Courts. The Court seats 19 Circuit Judges and 10 Associate Circuit Judges. All Judges of the court are appointed by the Governor of Missouri, Circuit Judges serve a term of 6 years and Associate judges serve a term of 4 years.

Jackson County also has a municipal court with one judge. The Municipal Judge is appointed by the County Executive with approval by the County Legislature and they serve a 4-year term.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 616 sqmi, of which 604 sqmi is land and 12 sqmi (1.9%) is water.

Notable Lakes include
 * Longview Lake
 * Lake Jacomo
 * Blue Springs Lake
 * Lake Lotawana
 * Prairie Lee Lake
 * Lake Tapawingo

The Missouri River comprises Jackson County's northern border (with the exception of one small portion north of the river around the intersection of Highways 210 and 291 as well as all of the 291 bridge). The county has historically been a major traveling point for American river travel.

Adjacent counties

County]] (northeast)
 * Johnson County, Kansas (west/southwest)
 * Clay County, Missouri (north)
 * Wyandotte County, Kansas (west/northwest)
 * Cass County, Missouri (south)
 * Lafayette County, Missouri (east)
 * [[Ray County, Missouri|Ray
 * Johnson County, Missouri (southeast) - not part of the Kansas City metropolitan area

Major highways
Interstate 70 Alternate U.S. Route 24 Bus.
 * [[Image:I-29 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 29
 * [[Image:I-35 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 35
 * [[Image:I-49 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 49
 * [[Image:I-70 (MO).svg|20px]] Interstate 70
 * [[Image:Alt plate green.svg|20px]]
 * [[Image:I-435 (MO).svg|25px]] Interstate 435
 * [[Image:I-470 (MO).svg|25px]] Interstate 470
 * [[Image:I-670 (MO).svg|25px]] Interstate 670
 * [[Image:US 24.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 24
 * Business plate.svg
 * [[Image:US 40.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 40
 * [[Image:US 50.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 50
 * [[Image:US 56.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 56
 * [[Image:US 71.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 71
 * [[Image:US 169.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 169
 * [[Image:MO-7.svg|20px]] Route 7
 * [[Image:MO-150.svg|20px]] Route 150
 * [[Image:MO-291.svg|20px]] Route 291
 * [[Image:MO-350.svg|20px]] Route 350

Transit

 * RideKC
 * KC Streetcar
 * Kansas City Area Transportation Authority
 * Amtrak at Kansas City Union Station
 * Greyhound Lines and Jefferson Lines at Kansas City Bus Station

National protected area

 * Harry S Truman National Historic Site

2010 census
As of the 2010 census Jackson County had a population of 674,158. The racial and ethnic makeup of the population was 63.3% non-Hispanic white, 23.7% non-Hispanic black, 0.5% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander alone or in combination with one or more other races, 0.1% non-Hispanic from some other race, 3.8% reporting two or more races and 8.4% Hispanic or Latino.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 654,880 people, 266,294 households, and 166,167 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,083 PD/sqmi. There were 288,231 housing units at an average density of 476 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 70.10% White, 23.27% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American, 1.28% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 2.43% from other races, and 2.25% from two or more races. 5.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.7% were of German, 9.1% American, 8.9% Irish and 8.8% English ancestry.

There were 266,294 households, out of which 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.40% were married couples living together, 14.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.60% were non-families. 31.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.80% under the age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $39,277, and the median income for a family was $48,435. Males had a median income of $35,798 versus $27,403 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,788. About 9.00% of families and 11.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.40% of those under age 18 and 8.70% of those age 65 or over.

Religion
According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Jackson County is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of the Bible Belt, with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Jackson County who adhere to a religion are Roman Catholics (19.51%), Southern Baptists (17.96%), and non-denominational evangelical Christians (11.52%).

Politics
Jackson County is a solidly Democratic county and has remained so even as most other parts of the state of Missouri have trended rightward. The last Republican presidential candidate to carry the county was Richard Nixon in 1972, the only Republican to do so since 1932. John Ashcroft was the last Republican gubernatorial candidate in 1988 and Kit Bond for the Senate in 1998. Tom Schweich is the last Statewide Republican candidate to win the county in his landslide victory for State Auditor in 2014.

The county's Democratic lean is due almost entirely to the presence of Kansas City. In 2008, for example, John McCain barely carried the areas of the county outside Kansas City, but Barack Obama carried Kansas City by a nearly 3-to-1 margin, enough for him to carry the county as a whole with 62 percent of the vote.

K-12 schools
School districts include:

 * Blue Springs R-IV School District
 * Center 58 School District
 * Fort Osage R-I School District
 * Grain Valley R-V School District
 * Grandview C-4 School District
 * Hickman Mills C-1 School District
 * Independence 30 School District
 * Kansas City 33 School District
 * Lee's Summit R-VII School District
 * Lone Jack C-6 School District
 * Oak Grove R-VI School District
 * Raytown C-2 School District

Archives

 * Jackson County Historical Society

Libraries

 * Kansas City Public Library
 * Linda Hall Library
 * Mid-Continent Public Library

Museums

 * American Jazz Museum
 * National World War I Museum and Memorial
 * Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
 * Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
 * Harry S. Truman Library and Museum
 * Harry S Truman National Historic Site
 * Jackson County Jail and Marshal's House
 * National Toy and Miniature Museum
 * Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art
 * Kansas City Museum
 * Missouri Town 1855
 * Vaile Mansion
 * Fort Osage National Historic Landmark
 * Owens-Rogers Museum

Cities

 * Blue Springs
 * Buckner
 * Grain Valley
 * Grandview
 * Greenwood
 * Independence (co-county seat)
 * Kansas City (partly in Platte and Clay counties and a small part in Cass County; co-county seat)
 * Lake Lotawana
 * Lake Tapawingo
 * Lee's Summit
 * Levasy
 * Lone Jack
 * Oak Grove
 * Pleasant Hill (Mostly Cass County, but partly in Jackson County)
 * Raytown
 * Sugar Creek

Villages

 * River Bend
 * Sibley
 * Unity Village

Census-designated places

 * Blue Summit
 * Tarsney Lakes

Unincorporated communities

 * Atherton
 * Blue Mills
 * Blue Summit
 * Cockrell
 * Courtney
 * Hiler
 * Hicks City
 * Pink Hill
 * Sni Mills
 * Tarsney Lakes

title: Jackson County, Missouri


text: Talk:Snaresbrook

title: Talk:Snaresbrook