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Idaho County, Idaho

Idaho County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho, and the largest by area in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,541. The county seat is Grangeville. Previous county seats of the area were Florence (1864–68), Washington (1868–75), and Mount Idaho (1875–1902).

History
Discovery of gold occurred in succession at Elk City, Newsome, and Florence during the spring and summer of 1861. At the time, all of the settlements were within Shoshone County, Washington Territory. Thousands flocked to Florence. As a result, Idaho County was founded as a region of Washington Territory in 1861, named for a steamer called Idaho that was launched on the Columbia River in 1860. It was reorganized by the Idaho Territorial Legislature on February 4, 1864. In this context, the Idaho Territory and the State of Idaho are both preceded by the county name.

Settlements at Cottonwood, Mount Idaho, and Warrens were established in 1862. The Warrens settlement was a fractured settlement as a result of settlement there by both Union and Confederate affiliated miners. The Union affiliated miners on the northern edge of the settlement named their portion of the settlement Washington while the Confederate affiliated miners named their portion Richmond. Richmond dwindled by 1866 and Washington went on to become the county seat in 1868 and was the name of the settlement used in most government documents during the period of settlement. Out of all these settlements, only Cottonwood went on to eventually become one of Idaho County's seven incorporated cities.

Idaho Territory conducted a census in 1863 and another in 1864. Population data was returned for both years for Warrens (660/521), Florence (575/254), Elk City (372/219), Slate Creek (216/117), Clearwater Station (212/76), and Newsome (62/24). For 1864, data was also returned for the settlements of Mount Idaho (74), Miller's Camp (36), and Cottonwood (17). Between 1863 and 1864, Idaho County saw a decrease from 1,601 residents to 955.

Settlement at White Bird occurred some time prior to 1870 as a precinct under the same name is listed with 71 inhabitants at the 1870 census. Efforts to force White Bird's band of Nez Perce tribesmen to the Nez Perce Reservation led to the Battle of White Bird Canyon in 1877. The town was established in 1891.

Grangeville emerged as a town at the 1880 census with 129 residents. It was incorporated as a city in 1904. Ferdinand and Kooskia were settled starting in 1895 and along with Cottonwood and Stites, were all incorporated prior to 1920. Development of Riggins started prior to 1930 with Riggins Village being incorporated in 1948.

Idaho County's boundaries have changed more times than any other Idaho's county with changes occurring on 20 separate dates over the county's first 57 years. The majority of those changes were from boundary realignment with only three counties taking territory from Idaho County at their creation. Originating at 75,789 square miles, its original boundary under Washington Territory contained the southern portion of Idaho County, Idaho's 34 southern counties, part of Ravalli County, Montana, and parts of Fremont, Lincoln, Park, Sublette, and Teton counties in Wyoming. Boise was partitioned off in January 1863 with the Payette River being the primary dividing line. In 1864, two separate acts transferred the portion in Montana to Missoula County, established the southern boundary at 44° 30' latitude, and made slight adjustments in the northern boundary to define the county as one of Idaho Territory's seven original counties. Three boundary adjustments were made with Nez Perce and Ada between 1866 and 1867 and Lemhi was created in 1869 from territory east of the junction of the Middle Fork and main Salmon Rivers. In 1873, the southern border was moved north to the divide between the main Salmon River with the Payette River and Middle Fork of Salmon River, bringing the county to its smallest historical land area of 2,901 square miles. The boundary adjustment of 1875 created a county very similar to present Idaho County containing an area of 8,165 square miles. Between 1879 and 1885, one change added territory on the Camas Prairie from Nez Perce while another brought back territory in present-day Adams, Valley, Custer, and Lemhi counties in the south. In 1887, territory was exchanged with Boise County dividing present Valley County between the two counties. One change in 1889 transferred territory to Custer County while another change finalized the county's northern border at its present location. The southern border began to take shape after two changes in 1891 and 1895 exchanged territory between Washington and Idaho counties. Adjustments with Lemhi in 1903 and 1911 and the creation of Valley County in 1918 brought the county to its present boundary.

Idaho County is one of seven counties in the United States that has the same name as the state in which it lies. The other six are Arkansas, Hawaii, Iowa, New York, Oklahoma, and Utah.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 8503 sqmi, of which 8477 sqmi is land and 26 sqmi (0.3%) is water. It is the largest county by area in Idaho. The southeast portion of the Nez Perce Indian Reservation is in the county's northwest corner. Due to the county's size, it is the only county that touches Oregon and Montana.

Adjacent counties

 * Clearwater County – north
 * Missoula County, Montana – northeast
 * Ravalli County, Montana – east
 * Lemhi County – southeast
 * Valley County – south
 * Adams County – southwest
 * Wallowa County, Oregon – west
 * Nez Perce County – northwest
 * Lewis County – northwest

National protected areas

 * Bitterroot National Forest – (part)
 * Clearwater National Forest – (part)
 * Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness – (part)
 * Gospel Hump Wilderness
 * Hells Canyon National Recreation Area – (part)
 * Hells Canyon Wilderness – (part)
 * Nez Perce National Forest
 * Nez Perce National Historical Park – (part)
 * Payette National Forest – (part)
 * Salmon-Challis National Forest – (part)
 * Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness – (part)
 * Wallowa–Whitman National Forest – (part)

There are 4,431,720 acre of National Forest land within the county, more than in any county (or borough) outside of Alaska. National Forests and their acreage within the county are: Nez Perce National Forest 2,224,091; Clearwater National Forest 870,807; Payette National Forest 804,853; Bitterroot National Forest 464,108; Salmon National Forest 66,074; and Wallowa National Forest 1,787. The Nez Perce National Forest is located entirely within the county's borders, and is the largest National Forest lying within a single county.

Time zones
Idaho County is one of the few counties in the United States with two time zones, divided by the Salmon River. Most of the county is in the Pacific Time Zone, but those areas south of the Salmon River are in the Mountain Time Zone.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 12.svg|20px]] – US 12
 * [[Image:US 95.svg|20px]] – US 95

Airports

 * Chamberlain USFS Airport (U79) – Chamberlain Guard Station
 * Cold Meadows USFS Airport (U81) – Cold Meadows Guard Station
 * Cottonwood Municipal Airport (S84) – Cottonwood
 * Dixie USFS Airport (A05) – Dixie
 * Wilson Bar USFS Airport (C48) – Dixie
 * Elk City Airport (S90) – Elk City
 * Fish Lake USFS Airport (S92) – Fish Lake
 * Idaho County Airport (S80) – Grangeville
 * Kamiah Municipal Airport (S73) – Kamiah
 * Kooskia Municipal Airport (S82) – Kooskia
 * Moose Creek USFS Airport (1U1) – Moose Creek Ranger Station
 * Orogrande Airport (USFS) (75C) – Orogrande
 * Shearer USFS Airport (2U5) – Shearer
 * Slate Creek Airport (1S7) – Slate Creek
 * Warren USFS Airport (3U1) – Warren

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 15,511 people, 6,084 households, and 4,295 families living in the county. The population density was 2 /mi2. There were 7,537 housing units at an average density of 1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 94.12% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 2.89% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.91% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. 1.57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 29.7% were of German, 12.9% American, 11.7% English and 9.0% Irish ancestry.

There were 6,084 households, out of which 29.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.80% were married couples living together, 6.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.40% were non-families. 25.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.00% under the age of 18, 6.30% from 18 to 24, 23.30% from 25 to 44, 28.40% from 45 to 64, and 17.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 103.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,515, and the median income for a family was $33,919. Males had a median income of $28,383 versus $18,214 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,411. About 12.50% of families and 16.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.00% of those under age 18 and 10.00% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 16,267 people, 6,834 households, and 4,536 families living in the county. The population density was 1.9 PD/sqmi. There were 8,744 housing units at an average density of 1.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 93.8% white, 3.0% American Indian, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.6% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.6% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 39.8% were German, 16.6% were Irish, 15.0% were English, and 3.0% were American.

Of the 6,834 households, 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.6% were non-families, and 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age was 48.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,536 and the median income for a family was $39,263. Males had a median income of $36,885 versus $25,982 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,980. About 12.7% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Cottonwood
 * Ferdinand
 * Grangeville (County seat)
 * Kooskia
 * Riggins
 * Stites
 * White Bird

Census-designated place

 * Elk City

Unincorporated communities

 * Burgdorf
 * Clearwater
 * Dixie
 * Fenn
 * Golden
 * Greencreek
 * Harpster
 * Lowell
 * Lucile
 * Orogrande
 * Pollock
 * Syringa
 * Warren

Ghost towns

 * Mount Idaho
 * Florence

Politics
Idaho County has consistently supported the Republican candidate in national elections. A Democratic candidate has not carried the county since 1964, when Lyndon B. Johnson won in a national landslide. Since then, the last Democratic candidate to crack 40% of the county's vote was Jimmy Carter in 1976. After 1976, the county has voted reliably Republican, with the Republican candidate receiving over 70% of the county's vote since 2000.

title: Idaho County, Idaho


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Talk:Aransas County, Texas

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Judge William Adams
The recent controversy concerning the video of the local judge's whipping of his daughter, Heather, for downloading music onto her computer has brought the county into the news. I don't know how this should be handled by Wikipedia, but it shouldn't be ignored. 66.234.204.13 (talk) 00:11, 6 November 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Aransas County, Texas


text:
Gooding County, Idaho

Gooding County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,598. Its county seat is Gooding. The county was created by the Idaho Legislature on January 28, 1913, by a partition of Lincoln County. It is named for Frank R. Gooding, the 7th governor and a United States Senator from Idaho.

History
Almost 15,000 years ago, the Hagerman Valley was formed by the Bonneville Flood which deposited thousands of smooth boulders which can be seen on the surface of the valley floor today. After the Bonneville flood, Natives settled the area starting at least 12,000 years ago. Natives came into contact with emigrants on the Oregon Trail by 1840. The Oregon Trail traversed Gooding County with many emigrants stopping at Salmon Falls on the Snake River to barter fish with the native population. While Gooding County presently contains significant farming operations, it was the discovery of gold in 1862 that brought non-native settlement to the area. Mining settlement in the area was quite small in comparison to the rush to the Boise Valley occurring at the same time. The 1863 Census of Idaho Territory indicates there were 600 miners working Snake River mining operations, possibly covering the span of the river from the Hagerman Valley to Idaho Falls. Seven years later few people remained. A camp was sustained at Salmon Falls during 1870. The U.S. Census of 1870 enumerated 28 residents for "Overland Road and Snake River"

At the time of Snake River mining operations, the mining settlements were under the jurisdiction of Idaho County, Washington Territory. They were transferred to Boise County in 1863, becoming part of Alturas County at its creation in 1864. The railroad came through the area in the early 1880s with the Toponis railroad station being established by 1883. A post office was established there by 1887. The Toponis and Hagerman Valley settlements became part of Logan County at its creation in 1889. Logan county established the Bliss, Malad, and Toponis precincts containing 340 residents at the 1890 census. These precincts were transferred to Lincoln County at the first attempt to organize it in 1891. That act was found unconstitutional. In 1895 the precincts were transferred to Blaine County for a few days before ending up in Lincoln County. The arrival of the 20th Century brought a significant increase in settlement at Wendell and Toponis. Wendell incorporated in 1902. A town was platted on land owned by Frank R. Gooding at the Toponis rail station in 1907 and incorporated under the name of Gooding in 1908. The boom in settlement is clearly reflected when comparing 1900 and 1910 U.S. Census data. From 1900 to 1910, the Gooding precinct posted a 931% increase over the population listed for Toponis in 1900. The Clear Creek, Hagerman, and Wendell precincts were derived from the Malad precinct and posted a 509% increase over its 1900 population. Population growth was substantially lower at Bliss which only increased 42% over the 1900 population for the Bliss and Boulder Hill precincts. The only exception to the boom was for the sparsely populated Clover Creek precinct which saw a population decline. Overall, the precincts grew from 852 residents to 4,677 over that time frame—an increase of 448%.

Compared to other Lincoln County settlements of the time, Gooding's growth was mirrored in new settlement at Jerome and Rupert. The Jerome and Gooding precincts overtook the county seat of Shoshone as the most populous precincts at the 1910 census with the Rupert precinct trailing Shoshone by less than 200 residents. Shoshone was familiar with losing its position as county seat after having been established as the county seat of Logan County in 1889, only to lose that status to Bellevue at an election in 1890. The political considerations of Lincoln County's growth led to the creation of Gooding and Minidoka counties in 1913. Gooding County took on its present shape in 1919 after the formation of Jerome County.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 734 sqmi, of which 729 sqmi is land and 4.7 sqmi (0.6%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Elmore County - west
 * Twin Falls County - south
 * Jerome County - east
 * Lincoln County - east
 * Camas County - north

Highways

 * [[Image:I-84.svg|20px]] Interstate 84
 * [[Image:US 26.svg|20px]] US 26
 * [[Image:US 30.svg|20px]] US 30
 * [[Image:ID-46.svg|20px]] SH-46

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,155 people, 5,046 households, and 3,718 families living in the county. The population density was 19 /mi2. There were 5,505 housing units at an average density of 8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 87.59% White, 0.23% Black or African American, 0.84% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 8.24% from other races, and 2.80% from two or more races. 17.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 15.9% were of English, 13.7% German, 10.9% American and 6.6% Irish ancestry.

There were 5,046 households, out of which 36.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.90% were married couples living together, 7.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.30% were non-families. 22.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.60% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 25.10% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 15.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 104.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,888, and the median income for a family was $36,290. Males had a median income of $25,321 versus $17,903 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,612. About 11.20% of families and 13.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.90% of those under age 18 and 11.30% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 15,464 people, 5,531 households, and 3,927 families living in the county. The population density was 21.2 PD/sqmi. There were 6,093 housing units at an average density of 8.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 80.7% white, 0.8% American Indian, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 15.3% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 28.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 14.2% were German, 11.3% were Irish, 11.0% were English, and 5.6% were American.

Of the 5,531 households, 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.0% were non-families, and 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.32. The median age was 34.3 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,228 and the median income for a family was $45,369. Males had a median income of $31,752 versus $24,450 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,694. About 11.1% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 19.2% of those age 65 or over.

2017
As of 2017 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Gooding County, Idaho were:
 * 11.1% were English
 * 8.0% were German
 * 6.9% were Irish
 * 6.6% were American
 * 3.0% were Dutch
 * 1.5% were Norwegian
 * 1.4% were Swedish
 * 1.3% were Italian
 * 1.3% were Danish
 * 0.9% were Greek

Cities

 * Bliss
 * Gooding
 * Hagerman
 * Wendell

Education
School districts include:
 * Bliss Joint School District 234
 * Buhl Joint School District 412
 * Gooding Joint School District 231
 * Hagerman Joint School District 233
 * Jerome Joint School District 261
 * Wendell School District 232

There is also a state government-operated school in Gooding, Idaho School for the Deaf and the Blind.

It is in the catchment area, but not the taxation zone, for College of Southern Idaho.

title: Gooding County, Idaho


text:
Gem County, Idaho

Gem County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,123. The county seat and largest city is Emmett.

Gem County is part of the Boise, ID Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Gem County is home to the Idaho ground squirrel.

History
Named for the state nickname, "Gem State," the county was established on March 15, 1915, partitioned from Canyon County and Boise County. Fur trappers were in the area as early as 1818, and Alexander Ross explored Squaw Creek in 1824. Prospectors and miners moved through the county in 1862 en route to the gold rush in the Boise Basin around Idaho City, and by the next year irrigation began along the Payette River. Under Washington Territory, the area was part of Idaho County from the time of settlement until the territory south of the Payette River became part of Boise County at its creation in 1863. Picket's Corral, northeast of Emmett was the base of operations for a gang of horse thieves and "bogus dust peddlers" between 1862 and 1864. The Payette Vigilance Committee eliminated the gang, bringing safety for citizens of the area. The act creating Ada County in 1864 established the Ada County boundary common to Boise County as a line from Grimes Creek to Picket's Corral and then north from that point to the existing northern boundary of Boise County, leaving the areas outside of Emmett within Boise County. Jonathan Smith and Nathaniel Martin settled near Emmett about 1862. They established a ferry on the Payette River at Emmett in 1866. On May 31, 1867, a post office was established at the ferry and named Martinsville, which was renamed Emmettsville on October 31, 1868; postal officials shortened the name of the post office to Emmett in 1885.

Census data for the area shows Squaw Creek Precinct under Boise County with a population of 30 in 1870. Ada County did not separately return precincts at that census. By 1890, Squaw Creek was split into two precincts. Those precincts were grouped with Horseshoe Bend at the 1890 census. The Emmett precinct contained 479 residents at that time. The Emmett area was transferred to Canyon County at its establishment in 1892. At the 1910 Census, three Emmett area precincts contained a population of 2,601 while three Boise County precincts of Upper Squaw Creek, Lower Squaw Creek, and Pearl contained 1,069 residents.

The Black Canyon Diversion Dam on the river was built in the early 1920s, east of Emmett. Based on a German television broadcast, there was even in the 1990s a high level of Radioactivity because of the Atomic Tests in Nevada.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 566 sqmi, of which 561 sqmi is land and 4.8 sqmi (0.8%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Idaho by area.

Adjacent counties

 * Washington County - northwest
 * Adams County - north
 * Valley County - northeast
 * Boise County - east
 * Ada County - south
 * Canyon County - southwest
 * Payette County - west

National protected area

 * Boise National Forest (part)

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 15,181 people, 5,539 households, and 4,176 families living in the county. The population density was 27 PD/sqmi. There were 5,888 housing units at an average density of 10 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 93.79% White, 0.73% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.07% Black or African American, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 3.16% from other races, and 1.83% from two or more races. 6.92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.9% were of American, 17.5% German, 13.1% English and 7.2% Irish ancestry.

There were 5,539 households, out of which 34.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.40% were married couples living together, 8.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.60% were non-families. 20.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 7.60% from 18 to 24, 25.30% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 15.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,460, and the median income for a family was $40,195. Males had a median income of $31,036 versus $20,755 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,340. About 11.60% of families and 13.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.60% of those under age 18 and 13.90% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 16,719 people, 6,495 households, and 4,611 families living in the county. The population density was 29.8 PD/sqmi. There were 7,099 housing units at an average density of 12.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 93.4% white, 0.6% American Indian, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.1% black or African American, 3.1% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 23.2% were German, 19.2% were English, 15.8% were American, and 12.3% were Irish.

Of the 6,495 households, 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.0% were non-families, and 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age was 42.9 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,794 and the median income for a family was $49,976. Males had a median income of $39,482 versus $31,083 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,431. About 9.7% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

2016
As of 2016 the largest self-reported ancestries/ethnicities in Gem County, Idaho were:

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 19,123 people, 6,683 households, and 4,585 families residing in the county.

City

 * Emmett

Census-designated place

 * Letha

Unincorporated communities

 * Ola
 * Sweet

Politics
Gem County is almost always Republican. The last time a Democratic presidential candidate carried the county was in 1964 by Lyndon B. Johnson.

Education
There is a single K-12 school district in the county: Emmett Independent School District 221.

Residents are in the area (but not the taxation zone) for College of Western Idaho.

title: Gem County, Idaho


text:
Fremont County, Idaho

Fremont County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census the county had a population of 13,388. The county seat and largest city is St. Anthony. The county was established in 1893, and was named for the explorer John C. Frémont. Fremont County is part of the Rexburg, Idaho micropolitan area, which is also included in the Idaho Falls metropolitan area.

History
Fremont County was established in 1893 when Bingham County was partitioned. It is named for John C. Frémont.

The county initially contained all of the northern portion of eastern Idaho north of Bonneville County. The counties of Jefferson and Madison were created from Fremont in 1913. Teton County was later created from Madison in 1915 and a portion of Butte was created from Jefferson in 1917. Clark County was also created from Fremont in 1919.

The first fur trapping operation by a United States fur company west of the Rocky Mountains occurred in 1810 when Andrew Henry established a fort in the fall of 1810 on Conant Creek in southern Fremont County. Henry later moved the fort to the south bank of the Henry's Fork of the Snake River between present-day settlements of Salem and Parker. The fort was abandoned some time after 1811.

At the time of early settlement, Fremont County was located on the northern edge of Oneida County. Mining, timber, and ranching operations commenced in the Island Park area prior to 1870. The establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872 also contributed to the eventual development of the Island Park area as a popular recreation area. Construction of the Egin Canal commenced in 1879 and farming settlement of the Egin area followed. In 1883, Parker was established and settlement commenced at Teton. These settlements became part of Bingham County when it was created in 1885. Settlement at St. Anthony started in 1888 while the Ashton area settlement of Marysville commenced settlement in 1889. At the 1890 Census, Bingham County enumerated 301 residents in the precincts of Teton and Henry's Lake.

Additional settlement occurred at Warm River in 1896, the Drummond area in 1900, and Newdale in 1914.

The Fremont County Courthouse in St. Anthony is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1896 sqmi, of which 1864 sqmi is land and 32 sqmi (1.7%) is water. The southern part of the county covers the northeastern tip of the Snake River Basin, with the mountains of the continental divide forming its northern boundary. Montana lies to the north, and Wyoming to the east. A portion of Yellowstone National Park reaches into the county.

Adjacent Counties

 * Clark County - west
 * Jefferson County - southwest
 * Madison County - south
 * Teton County - south
 * Teton County, Wyoming - east
 * Gallatin County, Montana - north
 * Madison County, Montana - north
 * Beaverhead County, Montana - northwest

Fremont County is one of the few US counties to border two counties of the same name in different states. Fremont County borders two such pairs of counties-- Madison County, Idaho and Madison County, Montana and Teton County, Idaho and Teton County, Wyoming.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 20.svg|20px]] US 20
 * [[Image:ID-47.svg|20px]] SH-47
 * [[Image:ID-87.svg|20px]] SH-87

National protected areas

 * Caribou-Targhee National Forest (part)
 * Yellowstone National Park (part)

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,819 people, 3,885 households, and 3,030 families living in the county. The population density was 6 /mi2. There were 6,890 housing units at an average density of 4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 91.41% White, 0.16% Black or African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 5.94% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. 10.62% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 25.1% were of English, 15.1% German and 14.8% American ancestry. Those citing "American" ancestry in Fremont County are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however most English Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their roots have been in North America for so long, in some cases since the 1600s.

There were 3,885 households, out of which 39.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.90% were married couples living together, 6.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.00% were non-families. 19.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.43.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 33.10% under the age of 18, 9.30% from 18 to 24, 24.70% from 25 to 44, 20.40% from 45 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,424, and the median income for a family was $36,715. Males had a median income of $26,490 versus $19,670 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,965. About 10.30% of families and 14.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.40% of those under age 18 and 13.60% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 13,242 people, 4,436 households, and 3,436 families living in the county. The population density was 7.1 PD/sqmi. There were 8,531 housing units at an average density of 4.6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 89.5% white, 0.7% American Indian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 7.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 12.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 29.9% were English, 22.7% were German, 7.6% were Irish, 6.1% were American, 5.7% were Scottish, and 5.1% were Danish.

Of the 4,436 households, 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 22.5% were non-families, and 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.32. The median age was 33.5 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,523 and the median income for a family was $52,510. Males had a median income of $35,907 versus $24,450 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,616. About 6.8% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.3% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The Idaho Department of Correction operates the St. Anthony Work Camp in St. Anthony.

This rural healthcare system has several health clinics in the county with Madison Memorial as the nearest medical hospital with a trauma center for emergencies. Fremont consistently ranks above average for air quality scores.

Like almost all of Idaho, Fremont County is overwhelmingly Republican and has been since 1952, before which it oscillated in cycles between Democratic and Republican presidential candidates. Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 was the last Democratic presidential candidate to carry the county, and even then by only 25 votes. To date, LBJ is the last Democrat to attain 40 percent of the county's vote, and no Democrat has won more than 30 percent of the county’s vote since Jimmy Carter in 1976. In fact, third-party candidates outpolled the Democratic nominee in 1972, 1992 and 2016.

Cities

 * Ashton
 * Drummond
 * Island Park
 * Newdale
 * Parker
 * St. Anthony
 * Teton
 * Warm River

Unincorporated communities

 * Big Springs
 * Chester
 * Egin
 * Lake
 * Macks Inn
 * Squirrel
 * Wilford

Education
School districts include:
 * Fremont County Joint School District 215
 * Sugar-Salem Joint School District 322

College of Eastern Idaho includes this county in its catchment zone; however this county is not in its taxation zone.

Notable people

 * Brad Harris, television and movie actor
 * Sherman P. Lloyd, Utah State Senator and Member of the United States House of Representatives from Utah

title: Fremont County, Idaho


text:
Franklin County, Idaho

Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census the county had a population of 14,194. The county seat and largest city is Preston. The county was established in 1913 and named after Franklin D. Richards, an Apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is the only Franklin County in the United States that is not named after Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the Logan, UT-ID Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Idaho's oldest permanent non-native settlement occurred at Franklin on April 14, 1860, when members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints led by Thomas S. Smart established the settlement at its present location on the Cub River. It was the seventh and northernmost settlement in the Cache Valley at the time of its settlement and was believed to be in Utah until the Idaho boundary with Utah was finalized in 1872. All of the county's incorporated cities were settled by 1868 with Oxford settled in 1864, Weston in 1865, Dayton in 1868, Clifton in 1869, and Preston by 1868. The Bear River Massacre took place in present-day Franklin County on January 29, 1863.

While the settlers at Franklin were effectively governed by Utah Territory until 1872, the settlers were actually located within Washington Territory from 1860 to 1863 and not within the boundary of any county until Shoshone was created in 1861. They became part of Idaho County in 1861, and Boise in 1863. And finally, under Idaho Territory, they briefly became part of Owyhee County before being transferred to Oneida County in 1864. At the 1870 census, the three Franklin County precincts were enumerated in Cache County, Utah, containing 1,053 residents. In 1885, the northern portion of the county was transferred to Bingham County at its creation. At the 1890 Census, Bingham and Oneida Counties returned five precincts of Dayton, Franklin, Oxford, Preston, and Treasureton with 4,969 residents. The Oxford and Treasureton precincts were transferred to Bannock County at its establishment in 1893. Bannock County retained the Oxford precinct and renamed the Treasureton Precinct as Cleveland. By 1900, Oneida contained seven precincts that would later be entirely within Franklin County. Together, the nine precincts comprised a population of 6,566 at that time. The Cleveland and Treasureton areas were transferred to Franklin County in 1918. The portion of the Thatcher area in Franklin County remained within Bannock County until 1946.

In 1953, an aircraft carrying 37 Korean War veterans crashed in the mountains of eastern Franklin County, killing all aboard. This is the most deadly aviation accident in Idaho. A memorial was dedicated in 1967. It is locally known as the Pat Hollow crash site.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 668 sqmi, of which 664 sqmi is land and 4.7 sqmi (0.7%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Oneida County – west
 * Bannock County – northwest
 * Caribou County – north
 * Bear Lake County – east
 * Cache County, Utah – south

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 91.svg|20px]] US 91
 * [[Image:ID-34.svg|20px]] SH-34
 * [[Image:ID-36.svg|20px]] SH-36

National protected area

 * Cache National Forest (part)
 * Caribou National Forest (part)

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,329 people, 3,476 households, and 2,874 families living in the county. The population density was 17 /mi2. There were 3,872 housing units at an average density of 6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 95.11% White, 0.11% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.42% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. 5.22% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 34.6% were of English, 15.2% American, 9.1% Danish, and 8.8% German ancestry.

There were 3,476 households, out of which 48.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.60% were married couples living together, 5.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.30% were non-families. 16.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.64.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 37.30% under the age of 18, 9.30% from 18 to 24, 24.20% from 25 to 44, 17.50% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,061, and the median income for a family was $40,185. Males had a median income of $30,071 versus $21,077 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,702. About 5.40% of families and 7.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.00% of those under age 18 and 5.30% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 12,786 people, 4,079 households, and 3,259 families living in the county. The population density was 19.3 PD/sqmi. There were 4,528 housing units at an average density of 6.8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 94.4% White, 0.4% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.1% Asian, 3.3% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.6% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 34.6% were English, 11.5% were German, 11.0% were Danish, 8.0% were American, and 7.2% were Swedish.

Of the 4,079 households, 44.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 20.1% were non-families, and 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.56. The median age was 31.5 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $45,682 and the median income for a family was $50,586. Males had a median income of $41,208 versus $25,717 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,967. About 9.4% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Clifton
 * Dayton
 * Franklin
 * Oxford
 * Preston (county seat)
 * Weston

Unincorporated communities

 * Mink Creek
 * Thatcher
 * Whitney
 * Fairview
 * Riverdale

Politics
Franklin County is overwhelmingly Republican. The last Democrat to carry the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. In fact, the last Democrat to win 21 percent of the county's ballots was Jimmy Carter in 1976, and Bill Clinton in 1996 was the last Democrat to gain so much as one-eighth of the county's vote. In 2016 and 1992 third-party candidates easily outpolled the Democratic candidate, and in the latter case Bo Gritz was only 23 votes shy of forcing Bill Clinton into fourth place.

title: Franklin County, Idaho


text:
Elmore County, Idaho

Elmore County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,666. The largest city and county seat is Mountain Home.

Elmore County comprises the Mountain Home, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Boise-Mountain Home-Ontario, ID-OR Combined Statistical Area.

History
Elmore County was established February 7, 1889, with its county seat at Rocky Bar. It is named after the Ida Elmore mines, the area's greatest silver and gold producer of the 1860s, located near Silver City in Owyhee County.

While the Oregon Trail crossed the Snake River in Elmore County, at Three Island Crossing near Glenns Ferry, the significant early settlements of Elmore County were mining settlements located primarily in northern Elmore County surrounding the ghost town of Rocky Bar. Settlement at Rocky Bar commenced in 1863 with the settlement having 560 residents at the Territorial Census of that year. Nearby, Atlanta was settled in 1864. Elmore County north of the Snake River was originally part of Alturas County when it was created in 1864 and Rocky Bar became its county seat. The portion of Elmore County south of the Snake River was within Owyhee County until 1930. A small portion of Ada County was also annexed in 1948, bringing Elmore to its present boundary. The settlement at Rocky Bar was impacted by poor management by mining companies, mining lawsuits, and its geographic remoteness between 1869 and 1880. The Wood River experienced a surge in settlement at Hailey starting in 1880 that led to Rocky Bar's loss of the county seat to Hailey in 1882. Rocky Bar would briefly become a county seat upon the creation of Elmore County in 1889.

A station on the overland stage route, originally named Rattlesnake, was moved west to the railroad line and became Mountain Home. On February 4, 1891, the county seat was moved to Mountain Home.

Construction of Mountain Home Air Force Base began in October 1942, 12 mi southwest of Mountain Home. The base officially opened in August 1943 as a training base for bombers, and was an operational base under the Strategic Air Command (SAC) through 1965. It became a fighter base in 1966 under Tactical Air Command (TAC), which became Air Combat Command (ACC) in 1992.

Anderson Ranch Dam is east of Mountain Home on the South Fork of the Boise River. At the time of its completion in 1950, it was the world's highest earthfill dam.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3101 sqmi, of which 3075 sqmi is land and 26 sqmi (0.8%) is water. Elmore County's highest point is Snowyside Peak at 10651 ft above sea level, located in the northeast corner of the county in the Sawtooth Wilderness. The lowest elevation in the county is the Snake River in the southwest corner, at less than 2500 ft.

Adjacent counties

 * Boise County - north
 * Ada County - west
 * Owyhee County - south
 * Twin Falls County - southeast
 * Gooding County - east
 * Camas County - east
 * Blaine County - northeast
 * Custer County - northeast

National protected areas

 * Boise National Forest (part)
 * Sawtooth National Forest (part)
 * Sawtooth National Recreation Area (part)
 * Sawtooth Wilderness (part)
 * Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (part)

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 29,130 people, 9,092 households, and 6,846 families living in the county. The population density was 10 /mi2. There were 10,527 housing units at an average density of 3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 85.37% White, 3.25% Black or African American, 0.89% Native American, 1.66% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 5.39% from other races, and 3.25% from two or more races. 11.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.8% were of German, 12.0% English, 9.2% American and 8.3% Irish ancestry.

There were 9,092 households, out of which 43.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.10% were married couples living together, 7.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.70% were non-families. 20.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.00% under the age of 18, 13.90% from 18 to 24, 36.00% from 25 to 44, 15.00% from 45 to 64, and 7.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 123.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,256, and the median income for a family was $37,823. Males had a median income of $26,248 versus $21,309 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,773. About 8.80% of families and 11.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.00% of those under age 18 and 10.80% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 27,038 people, 10,140 households, and 7,135 families living in the county. The population density was 8.8 PD/sqmi. There were 12,162 housing units at an average density of 4.0 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 82.2% white, 2.8% Asian, 2.7% black or African American, 1.0% American Indian, 0.4% Pacific islander, 6.8% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 15.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 20.4% were German, 13.5% were English, 12.4% were Irish, and 9.0% were American.

Of the 10,140 households, 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.6% were non-families, and 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.11. The median age was 30.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $43,089 and the median income for a family was $50,840. Males had a median income of $34,126 versus $25,999 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,388. About 9.2% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.3% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Glenns Ferry
 * Mountain Home

Census-designated place

 * Hammett
 * Mountain Home Air Force Base

Unincorporated communities

 * Atlanta
 * Dixie
 * Featherville
 * King Hill
 * Pine
 * Tipanuk

Ghost town

 * Rocky Bar

Education
School districts include:
 * Bliss Joint School District 234
 * Bruneau-Grand View Joint School District 365
 * Glenns Ferry Joint School District 192
 * Mountain Home School District 193
 * Prairie Elementary School District 191

Residents in a portion of the county are in the area (but not the taxation zone) for College of Western Idaho. In the remainder, it is in the area (but not the taxation zone) for College of Southern Idaho.

title: Elmore County, Idaho


text:
Custer County, Idaho

Custer County is a rural mountain county in the center of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,275, making it the fifth-least populous county in Idaho. The county seat is Challis. Established in 1881, the county was named for the General Custer Mine, where gold was discovered five years earlier. Custer County relies on ranching, mining, and tourism as its main resources.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4937 sqmi, of which 4721 sqmi is land and 16 sqmi (0.3%) is water. It is the third-largest county in Idaho by area.

The Lost River Range, the state's highest mountains, are located in eastern Custer County. The highest is Borah Peak, the highest natural point in Idaho at 12662 ft. On the western border of the county is Idaho's famous Sawtooth Range; the tallest is Thompson Peak in Custer County, above picturesque Redfish Lake. 20 mi east are the White Cloud Mountains, the tallest of which is Castle Peak at 11815 ft.

The Salmon River and Big Lost River flow through Custer County.

Adjacent counties

 * Lemhi County - north
 * Butte County - east
 * Blaine County - south
 * Elmore County - southwest
 * Boise County - southwest
 * Valley County - west

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 93.svg|20px]] US 93

National protected areas

 * Challis National Forest (part)
 * Sawtooth National Forest (part)
 * Sawtooth National Recreation Area (part)
 * Hemingway–Boulders Wilderness (part)
 * Jim McClure–Jerry Peak Wilderness
 * Sawtooth Wilderness (part)
 * Cecil D. Andrus–White Clouds Wilderness

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,342 people, 1,770 households, and 1,196 families living in the county. The population density was 0.88 /mi2. There were 2,983 housing units at an average density of 0.60 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.28% White, 0.55% Native American, 0.02% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.17% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. 4.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.6% were of English, 17.0% German, 10.9% Irish and 9.9% American ancestry.

There were 1,770 households, out of which 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.10% were married couples living together, 4.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 27.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the county, the population was distributed as follows: 25.50% were under 18, 4.80% were between 18 and 24, 25.90% were between 25 and 44, 29.30% were between 45 and 64, and 14.50% were 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. There were 104.50 males for every 100 females, and for every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 106.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,174, and the median income for a family was $39,551. Males had a median income of $32,255 versus $21,463 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,783. About 10.70% of families and 14.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.70% of those under age 18 and 12.80% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 4,368 people, 1,936 households, and 1,244 families living in the county. The population density was 0.9 PD/sqmi. There were 3,103 housing units at an average density of 0.6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.4% white, 0.6% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 34.3% were English, 25.6% were German, 19.5% were Irish, and 2.8% were American.

Of the 1,936 households, 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.7% were non-families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.74. The median age was 48.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $41,910 and the median income for a family was $56,710. Males had a median income of $42,865 versus $27,317 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,625. About 10.1% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Custer County is overwhelmingly Republican. The last Democrat to carry the county was John F. Kennedy in 1960, since 1968 no Democrat has passed 37 percent of the county's vote, and the last to pass 28 percent was Michael Dukakis in 1988. However, unusually for so Republican a county, the westernmost precincts adjacent to Blaine County give Democratic majorities in most statewide elections. In the 2008 Presidential election, it supported Republican John McCain over Democrat Barack Obama by a margin of 71 percent to 25 percent. In 2012, the county gave Mitt Romney a first ballot victory in the Republican primary caucus and subsequently voted 74.1 percent for him in the Presidential election. In 2016, Donald Trump won the Republican primaries with 41.8 percent of support in the county although Ted Cruz won the state with 45.5 percent.

Cities

 * Challis
 * Clayton
 * Lost River
 * Mackay
 * Stanley

Unincorporated communities

 * Dickey
 * Ellis
 * Goldburg

Ghost towns

 * Bayhorse
 * Bonanza
 * Custer

Education
School districts include:
 * Butte County Joint School District 111
 * Challis Joint School District 181
 * Mackay Joint School District 182

College of Eastern Idaho includes this county in its catchment zone; however this county is not in its taxation zone.

title: Custer County, Idaho


text:
Clearwater County, Idaho

Clearwater County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,734. The county seat is Orofino. Established in 1911, the county was named after the Clearwater River.

The county is home to North Fork of the Clearwater River, and a small portion of the South Fork and the main Clearwater. Also in the county are the Dworshak Reservoir, Dworshak State Park, Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, and the Dworshak Dam, third highest in the U.S. The modest Bald Mountain ski area is located between Orofino and Pierce.

History
The Clearwater River and Lolo Pass, in the southeast corner of the county, were made famous by the exploration of Lewis and Clark in the early 19th century. Following an arduous trek through the Bitterroot Mountains, suffering through a mid-September snowstorm and near starvation, the Corps of Discovery expedition camped with the Nez Perce tribe on the Weippe Prairie outside of present-day Weippe in 1805. With the assistance of the Nez Perce, the expedition recuperated and constructed burned-out canoes at Canoe Camp in October 1805 and then paddled down the Clearwater, Snake, and Columbia rivers and met the Pacific Ocean a month later at present-day Astoria, Oregon.

Elias D. Pierce and Wilbur F. Bassett made the first discovery of gold in Idaho, on Orofino Creek (Canal Gulch) in 1860, 1 mi north of present-day Pierce.

Until 1904, Clearwater County was part of Shoshone County to the north. It was annexed by Nez Perce County for several years and then was established as a new county in 1911. The original county seat of Shoshone County was Pierce, in today's Clearwater County. It was the first gold rush area of present-day Idaho (then Washington Territory) in 1860 and was made the county seat of a vast Shoshone County in 1861, two years prior to the establishment of the Idaho Territory. When the Silver Valley population rose dramatically in the 1880s, the seat was moved to Murray in 1884 (and to Wallace in 1898) to better serve the majority of the county's population. The population of the southern area increased with homesteading in the Weippe area in the late 1890s. The vast distance and time required for travel to Wallace from the Clearwater River area prompted the move of the southern portion to Nez Perce County.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2488 sqmi, of which 2457 sqmi is land and 31 sqmi (1.2%) is water. It is part of the Palouse, a wide and rolling prairie-like region of the middle Columbia basin.

Adjacent counties

 * Shoshone County – north
 * Mineral County, Montana – northeast/Mountain Time Border
 * Missoula County, Montana– east/Mountain Time Border
 * Idaho County – south
 * Lewis County – southwest
 * Nez Perce County – southwest
 * Latah County – west

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 12.svg|20px]] US-12
 * [[Image:ID-7.svg|20px]] SH-7
 * [[Image:ID-8.svg|20px]] SH-8
 * [[Image:ID-11.svg|20px]] SH-11

National protected areas

 * Clearwater National Forest (part)
 * Mallard-Larkins Pioneer Area
 * Lolo Trail National Historic Landmark (part)
 * Nez Perce National Historical Park (part)
 * Canoe Camp
 * Musselshell Meadows
 * Pierce Courthouse
 * Weippe Prairie
 * St. Joe National Forest (part)

Ski area

 * Bald Mountain Ski Area

Government and infrastructure
The Idaho Department of Correction operates the Idaho Correctional Institution-Orofino in Orofino.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,930 people, 3,456 households, and 2,481 families living in the county. The population density was 3.6 /mi2. There were 4,144 housing units at an average density of 2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 94.82% White, 0.15% Black or African American, 2.03% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.63% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. 1.85% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.0% were of German, 14.0% English, 11.7% Irish and 10.5% American ancestry.

There were 3,456 households, out of which 28.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.50% were married couples living together, 6.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.20% were non-families. 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.00% under the age of 18, 5.90% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 29.20% from 45 to 64, and 15.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 113.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,071, and the median income for a family was $37,259. Males had a median income of $31,426 versus $21,694 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,463. About 9.70% of families and 13.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.90% of those under age 18 and 8.20% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 8,761 people, 3,660 households, and 2,397 families living in the county. The population density was 3.6 PD/sqmi. There were 4,453 housing units at an average density of 1.8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 93.9% white, 2.2% American Indian, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.8% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 29.3% were German, 17.8% were Irish, 13.8% were English, 6.7% were American, and 6.2% were Norwegian.

Of the 3,660 households, 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.5% were non-families, and 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.71. The median age was 49.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $41,835 and the median income for a family was $46,415. Males had a median income of $42,568 versus $30,048 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,507. About 9.0% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

As of the 2020 census, there were 8,734 people, and 3,474 households in the county. The population density of the county was 3.6 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 93% White, 0.6% Black or African American, 2.6% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, and 2.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.5% of the population.

Cities

 * Elk River
 * Orofino
 * Pierce
 * Weippe

Unincorporated communities

 * Ahsahka
 * Cardiff
 * Cavendish
 * Dent
 * Grangemont
 * Greer
 * Headquarters
 * Hollywood
 * Judge Town
 * Konkolville
 * Moose City
 * Teakean

Ghost town

 * Fraser

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Clearwater County.

† county seat

title: Clearwater County, Idaho


text:
Hau

Hau or HAU may refer to:

People and characters

 * Hau, a character in Pokémon Sun and Moon
 * Hau (mythology), a Polynesian wind god
 * Hau (surname)
 * Hau Latukefu (AKA Hau, born 1976), Australian hip hop musician and radio host

Places

 * Hậu River, Vietnamese name for the Bassac River
 * Haugesund Airport, Karmøy, in Norway

Universities

 * Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, India
 * Holy Angel University, in Angeles City, Philippines
 * Hunan Agricultural University, in Changsha, Hunan, China

Other uses

 * Haemagglutinating unit (hau), a measure of Phytohaemagglutinin
 * Hau, a superunit of the Tongan pa'anga currency
 * Hau, ISO 639-2 code for the Hausa language
 * Hau (sociology)
 * HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory
 * Hebbel am Ufer, or HAU, a German theatre company and performance centre in Berlin
 * Hebrew Actors' Union, United States
 * Hibiscus tiliaceus (Hawaiian: hau), a tree

title: Hau


text:
Clark County, Idaho

Clark County is a rural county in the U.S. state of Idaho; its county seat and largest city is Dubois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 790, making it the least populous county in the state.

History
Establishment of stage coach stops along the route between Salt Lake City and the Montana mining towns were established at Beaver Canyon (named after Beaver Creek (Camas Creek) ) and Dry Creek (now Dubois) in 1864. Originally part of Alturas County, both locations were transferred to Oneida County in 1877. They became part of Bingham County at its creation in 1885. Clark County was also the site of the Battle of Camas Creek during the Nez Perce War which occurred at Camas Meadows near Kilgore on August 20, 1872. The Utah and Northern Railway reached Beaver Canyon in 1879. By the 1890 Census, Beaver Canyon had a population of 216. The settlement relocated to Spencer in 1897.

The majority of Clark County was transferred to Fremont County when it was created in 1893 with the remaining territory being transferred in 1896. By the 1900 Census, 1,199 residents lived in the five precincts of Birch Creek, Dubois, Kilgore, Medicine Lodge, and Spencer. At the 1910 census, the precincts contained 1,095 residents.

Dry Creek was renamed Dubois in 1892 and incorporated prior to 1920 while Spencer was incorporated in 1947.

The county was established 105.64942511231608 years ago in 1919, partitioned from Fremont County by the state legislature; the county division bill was signed by Governor D. W. Davis on February 1. It was named for state senator Sam K. Clark, an early pioneer on Medicine Lodge Creek in the upper Snake River valley.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1765 sqmi, of which 1764 sqmi is land and 1.0 sqmi (0.1%) is water.

The northern border of the county is the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains, which forms the state line with Montana and is also the continental divide. It is crossed by Interstate 15 over Monida Pass at 6820 ft above sea level. Monida Pass also marks an east–west divide between Bitterroot subranges: the Beaverhead Mountains are to the west and the Centennial Mountains are to the east.

Adjacent counties

 * Lemhi County – west
 * Butte County – southwest
 * Jefferson County – south
 * Fremont County – east
 * Beaverhead County, Montana – north

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-15.svg|20px]] Interstate 15 – Monida Pass
 * [[Image:ID-22.svg|20px]] SH-22

National protected areas

 * Caribou-Targhee National Forest (part)
 * Nez Perce National Historical Park (part)
 * Salmon-Challis National Forest (part)

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 982 people, 345 households, and 243 families living in the county. The population density was 0.6 PD/sqmi. There were 531 housing units at an average density of 0.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 72.4% white, 1.0% American Indian, 0.7% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 23.8% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 40.5% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 14.8% were English, 7.4% were German, and 6.5% were American.

Of the 345 households, 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.6% were non-families, and 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.41. The median age was 32.7 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,909 and the median income for a family was $37,656. Males had a median income of $32,895 versus $24,125 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,737. About 8.7% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.5% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 1,022 people, 340 households, and 257 families living in the county. The population density was 1 /mi2. There were 521 housing units at an average density of 0 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 74.17% White, 0.10% Black or African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 23.48% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. 34.25% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 14.3% were of English, 8.1% German and 5.8% Irish ancestry.

There were 340 households, out of which 45.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.80% were married couples living together, 7.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.40% were non-families. 20.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.52.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 35.20% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 20.10% from 45 to 64, and 9.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 110.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,576, and the median income for a family was $31,534. Males had a median income of $23,854 versus $20,192 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,141. About 18.70% of families and 19.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.10% of those under age 18 and 11.70% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The sole school district in the county is Clark County School District #161, headquartered in Dubois. Clark County High School competes in athletics in the Rocky Mountain Conference in IHSAA 1A Division II; the school colors are orange and black and its mascot is a bobcat.

College of Eastern Idaho includes this county in its catchment zone; however this county is not in its taxation zone.

Incorporated communities

 * Dubois (county seat)
 * Spencer

Unincorporated communities

 * Humphrey
 * Kilgore

Presidential elections
Clark County has participated in every presidential election since the election of 1920. The county has voted for every Republican candidate except in 1932 when it voted for the Democratic candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt giving him 54 percent of the vote. It was the solitary county in Idaho, and one of only three counties west of the Continental Divide alongside Rio Blanco County in Colorado and Kane County in Utah, to give at least a plurality to Alf Landon in his 1936 landslide defeat.

Federal
The county is represented in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Mike Simpson of the 2nd Congressional District. It is represented in the United States Senate by Republicans Mike Crapo and James Risch.

State
The county is in the 35th Legislative district. It is represented by Republican Senator Van Burtenshaw and Republican representatives Karey Hanks and Rod Furniss.

County
The county has 3 County Commissioners Nick Hillman, Greg Shenton, and Macoy Ward. The county also has other County officials like Sheriff, County Clerk, Attorney, Coroner, Treasurer, and Assessor.

title: Clark County, Idaho


text:
Cassia County, Idaho

Cassia County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census the county had a population of 24,655. The county seat and largest city is Burley. Cassia County is included in the Burley, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The first Europeans explored the Milner area in Cassia County in 1811. It was trappers who initially developed the Oregon Trail, which ran on the county's northern border. The Raft River's junction with the Oregon Trail marked the split for the California Trail.

While the Oregon and California trails brought hundreds of thousands of emigrants through Cassia County, it also brought settlers. A stage line through the county was established between Kelton, Utah and Boise, Idaho in 1869. A stage station existed at City of Rocks. Additional stations were spaced at increments of 10–12 miles between stations to include one at Oakley Meadows, in the Goose Creek valley two miles west of the present settlement of Oakley.

William Oakley settled at the Oakley Meadows station in 1870. Cattle operations also developed starting in 1872. Settlement began at nearby Albion in 1873 with significant Mormon settlement in 1875. By 1880, Albion had a population of 257. Mormon settlement at Oakley also began on June 1, 1878, when four Mormon men each staked out 160 acres for their settlement. Settlements remained primarily agricultural with more than 38,000 head of cattle in the area by 1885. Settlement at Malta occurred prior to 1890, as the Malta precinct had 172 residents at the 1890 census.

Albion State Normal School was established at Albion in 1893. The school was focused on training Idaho teachers until 1951 when its programs were transferred to Idaho State College (now Idaho State University) in Pocatello.

Burley was platted and settled in 1905 after a branch of the Oregon Shortline was constructed through the town. Declo was settled under the name of Marshfield by 1909.

Cassia County was created from Owyhee County on February 20, 1879, with Albion becoming the county seat. A western portion became Twin Falls County in 1907. The county assumed its present boundaries when an eastern portion became Power County on January 30, 1913. The county seat was moved to Burley in 1918. The county was named for Cassia Creek, which in turn was named either for John Cazier, a member of the Mormon Battalion and an emigrant train captain, or for a plant found in the area.

Elected Officials
Similar to other Idaho counties, an elected three-member county commission heads the county government. Other elected officials include clerk, treasurer, sheriff, assessor, coroner, and prosecutor.

County Commission Other Elected Officials
 * District 1: Leonard Beck (chair)
 * District 2: Robert Kunau
 * District 3: Kent Searle
 * Clerk: Joseph Larsen
 * Treasurer: Laura Greener
 * Sheriff: George Warrell
 * Assessor: Martin Adams
 * Coroner: Craig Rinehart
 * Prosecuting Attorney: McCord Larsen

Cassia County is in Idaho's 2nd congressional district and represented by Congressman Mike Simpson. At the state level, Cassia County is in Legislative District 27, represented by Senator Kelly Anthon of Declo, Douglas Pickett of Oakley and Clay Handy of Burley.

Politics
At every level, Cassia County is a Republican Party stronghold. All county-level offices are held by Republicans and have been for decades. Republican primaries are tantamount to election to office, as Democrats rarely field challenges for county or state legislative office. Cassia County is one of the most consistently Republican counties in the state, and in the gubernatorial election of 2010 Republican Butch Otter carried Cassia County with 76.54% to Democrat Keith Allred's 16.73%. In the presidential election of 2012, Mitt Romney, whose father lived for a few years in his youth in Oakley, carried Cassia County with 85.2% while Barack Obama received 13.1%. The last Democratic presidential candidate to carry Cassia County was Franklin Roosevelt in the election of 1940 edging out Wendell Willkie by around 100 votes.

State legislators from Cassia County traditionally hold their seats for long periods of time. Two of the longest serving legislators in Idaho history were from Cassia County: Vard Chatburn of Albion who served in the House of Representatives from 1957 to 1986 and Denton Darrington in the Senate who served from 1982 to 2012. Because legislators rarely lose their seats, legislators representing Cassia County are often in leadership or chair committees. From 2012 to 2023, Representative Scott Bedke served as Speaker of the House. Bruce Newcomb of Burley also served as Speaker from 1998 to 2006.

Though born in Burley, Congressman Simpson now lives in Idaho Falls. The only other member of congress with ties to the county is Henry Dworshak who represented Idaho's 2nd congressional district and later served in the Senate. He lived in Burley and was the publisher of the Burley Bulletin. A Burley elementary school is named after him.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2580 sqmi, of which 2565 sqmi is land and 15 sqmi (0.6%) is water. The county's highest point is Cache Peak at an elevation of 10339 ft above sea level in the Albion Mountains, and the lowest is Milner Lake, a reservoir on the Snake River, at 4134 ft.

The northern half of the county is part of the Magic Valley region of the Snake River Plain, and numerous mountain ranges extend north from the southern boundary and diminish as they approach the river, which flows from east to west.

The Silent City of Rocks National Reserve, containing exposed granitic batholith as old as 2.5 billion years, is located in the southern part of the county.

Adjacent Counties

 * Minidoka County - north
 * Blaine County - north
 * Power County - northeast
 * Oneida County - east
 * Box Elder County, Utah - southeast
 * Elko County, Nevada - southwest/Pacific Time Border
 * Twin Falls County - west
 * Jerome County - northwest

Highways

 * [[Image:I-84.svg|20px]] Interstate 84
 * [[Image:I-86.svg|20px]] Interstate 86
 * [[Image:US 30.svg|20px]] US 30
 * [[Image:ID-27.svg|20px]] SH-27
 * [[Image:ID-77.svg|20px]] SH-77
 * [[Image:ID-81.svg|20px]] SH-81

National protected areas

 * City of Rocks National Reserve
 * Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge (part)
 * Sawtooth National Forest (part)

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 22,952 people, 7,666 households, and 5,758 families living in the county. The population density was 8.9 PD/sqmi. There were 8,372 housing units at an average density of 3.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 81.8% white, 0.8% American Indian, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 14.2% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 24.9% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 22.3% were English, 11.8% were German, 10.6% were American, and 5.1% were Irish.

Of the 7,666 households, 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.9% were non-families, and 21.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.46. The median age was 32.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $39,866 and the median income for a family was $47,995. Males had a median income of $36,402 versus $22,156 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,782. About 12.4% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Cassia County is served primarily by one school district, Cassia Joint School District #151, which was consolidated in the 1950s. Other portions are in:
 * American Falls Joint School District 381
 * Minidoka County Joint School District 331
 * Murtaugh Joint School District 418

The county is in the catchment area, but not the taxation zone, for College of Southern Idaho.

Schools Located in Cassia County
High Schools
 * Burley High School in Burley
 * Cassia Alternative High School in Burley
 * Declo High School in Declo
 * Oakley High School in Oakley
 * Raft River High School in Malta

Jr. High Schools
 * Burley Jr. High School in Burley
 * Declo Jr. High School in Declo
 * Oakley Jr. High School in Oakley
 * Raft River Jr. High School in Malta

Elementary Schools
 * Albion Elementary School in Albion
 * Almo Elementary School in Almo
 * Declo Elementary in Declo
 * Dworshak Elementary School in Burley
 * Evans Elementary School in Burley
 * Mountain View Elementary School in Burley
 * Raft River Elementary School in Malta
 * White Pine Elementary School in Burley

Cities

 * Albion
 * Burley
 * Declo
 * Malta
 * Oakley

Unincorporated communities

 * Almo
 * Artesian City
 * Basin
 * Beetville
 * Bridge
 * Connor
 * Elba
 * Golden Valley
 * Hobson
 * Idahome
 * Jackson (Extends into) Minidoka County
 * Kenyon
 * Marion
 * Milner Dam (Extends into) Jerome County and Twin Falls County
 * Pella
 * Ruby
 * Springdale
 * Sublett
 * Trout
 * Unity
 * View

title: Cassia County, Idaho