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Barisan Nasional

The National Front (Barisan Nasional; abbrev: BN) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats.

The Barisan Nasional coalition employs the same inter-communal governing model of its predecessor the Alliance Party but on a wider scale, with up to 14 communal political parties involved in the coalition at one point. It dominated Malaysian politics for over thirty years after it was founded, but since 2008 has faced stronger challenges from opposition parties, notably the Pakatan Rakyat and later the Pakatan Harapan (PH) alliances. Taken together with its predecessor Alliance, it had a combined period of rule of almost 61 years from 1957 to 2018, and was considered the longest ruling coalition party in the democratic world.

The Barisan Nasional coalition lost its hold of the parliament to PH for the first time in Malaysian history after the 2018 general election. It was also the first time Barisan Nasional became the opposition coalition, with former prime minister and Barisan Nasional chairman Mahathir Mohamad becoming PH's leader. As a result, the Sabah and Sarawak BN component parties left the coalition and formed their own coalitions in 2018 and 2022. In the aftermath of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, together with four other parties, the Barisan Nasional coalition returned to power under a Perikatan Nasional-led government. However, it suffered its worst result in the 2022 election, falling to third behind Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, but it stayed in government by supporting Pakatan Harapan.

Formation
Barisan Nasional is the direct successor to the three-party Alliance coalition formed by United Malays National Organisation, Malaysian Chinese Association, and Malaysian Indian Congress. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1969 general election and the 13 May riots. The Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties, Democratic Action Party and Gerakan, as well as Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Although the Alliance won a majority of seats, it gained less than half the popular vote, and the resulting tension between different communities led to the May 13 riots and the declaration of a state of emergency. After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations to form a new alliance began with parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party, both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).

In 1973, the Alliance Party was replaced by Barisan Nasional. The Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from Sabah and Sarawak (Sabah Alliance Party, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu), registered in June 1974 as a coalition of nine parties. It contested the 1974 general election as a grand coalition under the leadership of the prime minister Tun Abdul Razak, which it won with considerable success.

1977–2007
In 1977, PAS was expelled from Barisan Nasional following a revolt by PAS within the Kelantan state legislature against the chief minister appointed by the federal government. Barisan Nasional nevertheless won the 1978 general election convincingly, and it continued to dominate Malaysian politics in the 1980s and 1990s despite some losses in state elections, such as the loss of Kelantan to PAS, and Sabah to United Sabah Party which later joined Barisan Nasional.

By 2003, Barisan Nasional had grown to a coalition formed of more than a dozen communal parties. It performed particularly well in the 2004 general election, winning 198 out of 219 seats.

Although Barisan Nasional never achieved more than 67% of the popular vote in elections from 1974 to 2008, it maintained the consecutive two-thirds majority of seats in this period in the Dewan Rakyat until the 2008 election, benefitting from Malaysia's first-past-the-post voting system.

2008–2018
In the 2008 general election, Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the parliamentary seats to Pakatan Rakyat, a loose alliance of opposition parties. This marked Barisan's first failure to secure a two-thirds supermajority in Parliament since 1969. Five state governments, namely Selangor, Kelantan, Penang, Perak and Kedah fell to Pakatan Rakyat. Perak however was later returned via a court ruling following a constitutional crisis. Since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the peninsula.

The losses continued in the 2013 general election, and it recorded its worst election result at the time. BN regained Kedah but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. Despite winning only 47% of the popular vote, it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats, thereby retaining control of the parliament.

And finally, during the 2018 general election, Barisan Nasional lost control of the parliament to Pakatan Harapan, winning a total of only 79 parliamentary seats. The crushing defeat ended their 61-year rule of the country, taken together with its predecessor (Alliance), and this paved the way for the first change of government in Malaysian history. The coalition won only 34% of the popular vote amid vote split of Islamic Party. In addition to their failure in regaining the Penang, Selangor and Kelantan state governments, six state governments, namely Johor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Kedah and Sabah fell to Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN (Sabah). The Terengganu state government also fell but to the Gagasan Sejahtera. Barisan Nasional was only in power in three states; namely Perlis, Pahang and Sarawak.

Many of BN's component parties left the coalition following its humiliating defeat at the 2018 general election, reducing its number to 4 compared to 13 before the election. These parties either aligned themselves with the new Pakatan Harapan federal government, formed a new state-based pact or remained independent. They include three Sabah-based parties (UPKO, PBS and LDP), four Sarawak-based parties (PBB, SUPP, PRS and PDP, which formed a new state-based pact GPS),   (under Kayveas faction) and Gerakan. experienced a leadership dispute, with Maglin announcing that the party remained within the coalition and Kayveas announcing that the party had left the coalition, resulting in the dissolution of the party on 14 January 2019.

Among the remaining four component parties in Barisan National, UMNO's parliamentary seats have reduced from 54 to 38 since 16 members of parliament left the party,       while MCA's parliamentary seat maintains one. MIC's parliamentary seats have reduced from two to one after the Election Court nullified the results of the election for the Cameron Highlands federal constituency due to bribery, but BN regained its seat from a direct member under the 2019 by-election.

As a result of these developments, BN's parliamentary seats have reduced to 41, compared with 79 seats that BN won in the general election.

MCA and MIC made a statement in March 2019 that they want to "move on" and find a new alliance following disputes with the secretary-general, Nazri Abdul Aziz. Mohamad Hasan, the acting BN chairman, chaired a Supreme Council meeting in which all parties showed no consensus on dissolving the coalition.

2019–present
In January 2019, all Sabah UMNO branches including Sabah BN branches were dissolved and officially closed, leaving only one BN branch open. This brings the total BN seats in Sabah to only 2 seats.

Since 2019, Barisan Nasional recovered some ground and won a number of by-elections, such as the 2019 Cameron Highlands by-election, 2019 Semenyih by-election, 2019 Rantau by-election, and 2019 Tanjung Piai by-election, defeating Pakatan Harapan.

In September 2019, UMNO decided to form a pact with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) called Muafakat Nasional. Its main purpose is to unite the Malay Muslim communities for electoral purposes. There was however no formal agreement with the other parties of Barisan Nasional, although there were calls for Barisan Nasional to migrate to Muafakat Nasional. Barisan Nasional continued to function as a coalition of four parties comprising UMNO, MCA, MIC and PBRS but aligned themselves with Perikatan Nasional to form a new government in March 2020 after the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government. Barisan Nasional form a new government on 15 August 2021 with Perikatan Nasional after the collapse of the Perikatan Nasional government.

Barisan Nasional also recovered control of the Johor, Malacca and Perak state governments.

On 20 November 2021, Barisan Nasional won a two-thirds majority of 21 out of 28 seats in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly.

On 12 March 2022, Barisan gained a landslide victory in the 2022 Johor state election, allowing it to form the much more stable Johor state government with a two-thirds majority in the Johor State Legislative Assembly, which is 40 out of 56 seats while defeating Pakatan Harapan with 12 seats, Perikatan Nasional with 3 seats and Malaysian United Democratic Alliance with 1 seat.

2022 election
In the 2022 election, BN faced the worst result in its history, winning 30 out of 222 seats, compared to 82 and 74 seats for Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional respectively. Several key figures including Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, Mahdzir Khalid, Azeez Rahim, Tengku Zafrul Aziz, and Khairy Jamaluddin, lost to either PN or PH candidates in their own constituencies. BN also lost several state elections held in Pahang and Perak and won no seats in Perlis. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, the party president, was re-elected with a slim majority of 348, high decrease from 2018 Malaysian general election which he won with majority of 5073 votes. The election produced a hung parliament, but BN was elected to support the biggest coalition Pakatan Harapan and was rewarded with cabinet posts in the government.

Organisation
In 2013, the vast majority of Barisan Nasional's seats were held by its two largest Bumiputera-based political parties—the United Malays National Organisation, and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu. For most of its history, both the Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian Indian Congress have played major roles in Barisan Nasional, but their representation in Parliament and state legislatures has become much more diminished. Nevertheless, each component party purports to represent – and limit membership – to a certain race: UMNO for the Malays, MCA for the Chinese and so on. In the view of some scholars:

"Since its inception the Alliance remained a coalition of communal parties. Each of the component parties operated to all intents and purposes, save that of elections, as a separate party. Their membership was communal, except perhaps Gerakan, and their success was measured in terms of their ability to achieve the essentially parochial demands of their constituents."

Although both the Alliance and BN registered themselves as political parties, membership is mostly indirect through one of the constituent parties while direct membership is allowed. The BN defines itself as a "confederation of political parties which subscribe to the objects of the Barisan Nasional". Although in elections, all candidates stand under the BN symbol, and there is a BN manifesto, each individual constituent party also issues its own manifesto, and there is intra-coalition competition for seats prior to nomination day.

Former member parties
* denotes defunct parties
 * Malaysian People's Movement Party (GERAKAN) (1973–2018)
 * Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) (1973–1978)
 * People's Progressive Party (PPP or ) (1973–2018)*
 * Sabah Alliance Party (ALLIANCE) (1973–1975)*
 * United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) (1973–1975 under Sabah Alliance, 1976–1984, 1986–1993)*
 * Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) (1973–1975 under Sabah Alliance)*
 * United Bumiputera Heritage Party (PBB) (1973–2018)
 * Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) (1973–2018)
 * Sarawak National Party (SNAP) (1976–2004)*
 * Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA) (1976–1986)*
 * Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) (1978–1983)
 * Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) (1983–1989)*
 * Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS) (1983–2004)*
 * United Sabah Party (PBS) (1986–1990, 2002–2018)
 * Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) (1991–2018)
 * People's Justice Front (AKAR) (1991–2001)*
 * Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) (1994–2008)
 * Sabah Democratic Party (PDS) (1995–1999)*
 * United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) (1999–2018)
 * Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP/PDP) (2002–2018)
 * Sarawak Peoples' Party (PRS) (2004–2018)

Leadership structure
Barisan Nasional Supreme Council:

 * Advisor:
 * Mohd Najib Abdul Razak (UMNO)
 * Chairman:
 * Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (UMNO)
 * Deputy Chairman:
 * Mohamad Hasan (UMNO)
 * Vice-Chairman:
 * Wee Ka Siong (MCA)
 * Vigneswaran Sanasee (MIC)
 * Arthur Joseph Kurup (PBRS)
 * Secretary-General:
 * Zambry Abdul Kadir (UMNO)
 * Treasurer-General:
 * Johari Abdul Ghani (UMNO)
 * Women Leader:
 * Noraini Ahmad (UMNO)
 * Youth Leader:
 * Muhamad Akmal Saleh (UMNO)
 * Women Youth Leader:
 * Nurul Amal Mohd Fauzi (UMNO)
 * Executive Secretary:
 * Ahmad Masrizal Muhammad (UMNO)
 * Supreme Council Members:
 * Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail (UMNO)
 * Mohamed Khaled Nordin (UMNO)
 * Mah Hang Soon (MCA)
 * Ti Lian Ker (MCA)
 * Lim Ban Hong (MCA)
 * Yew Teong Look (MCA)
 * Saravanan Murugan (MIC)
 * Sivarraajh Chandran (MIC)
 * Thinalan T. Rajagopalu (MIC)
 * P. Kamalanathan (MIC)
 * Richard Mosinal Kastum (PBRS)
 * Zainon Hj. Kayum (PBRS)
 * Edwin Laimin (PBRS)
 * Freddy Sua (PBRS)
 * State Chairman:
 * Johor: Onn Hafiz Ghazi (UMNO)
 * Kedah: Mahdzir Khalid (UMNO)
 * Kelantan: Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub (UMNO)
 * Malacca: Ab Rauf Yusoh (UMNO)
 * Negeri Sembilan: Jalaluddin Alias (UMNO)
 * Pahang: Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail (UMNO)
 * Perak: Saarani Mohammad (UMNO)
 * Penang: Musa Sheikh Fadzir (UMNO)
 * Perlis: Rozabil Abdul Rahman (UMNO)
 * Sabah: Bung Moktar Radin (UMNO)
 * Selangor: Megat Zulkarnain Omardin (UMNO)
 * Terengganu: Rozi Mamat (UMNO)
 * Federal Territories: Johari Abdul Ghani (UMNO)

Senators

 * His Majesty's appointee:
 * Mohd Hisamudin Yahaya (UMNO)
 * Ti Lian Ker (MCA)
 * Arman Azha Abu Hanifah (UMNO)
 * Azhar Ahmad (UMNO)
 * Vell Pari Samy Vellu (MIC)
 * Zurainah Musa (UMNO)
 * Nelson Renganathan (MIC)
 * Ros Suyati Alang (UMNO)
 * Mohamed Haniffa Abdullah	(MIC)
 * Zambry Abdul Kadir (UMNO)
 * Tengku Zafrul Aziz (UMNO)
 * Nur Jazlan Mohamed (UMNO)
 * Malacca State Legislative Assembly:
 * Koh Nai Kwong (MCA)
 * Mustafa Musa (UMNO)
 * Johor State Legislative Assembly:
 * Lim Pay Hen (MCA)
 * Abdul Halim Suleiman (UMNO)
 * Pahang State Legislative Assembly:
 * Junahis Abdul Aziz (UMNO)
 * Ajiz Sitin (UMNO)
 * Perlis State Legislative Assembly:
 * Aziz Ariffin (UMNO)
 * Seruandi Saad (UMNO)
 * Perak State Legislative Assembly:
 * Shamsuddin Abdul Ghafar (UMNO)
 * Sabah State Legislative Assembly:
 * Noraini Idris (UMNO)

Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament
Barisan Nasional has 30 MPs in the House of Representatives, with 26 MPs (or 92.5%) of them from UMNO.

Malaysian State Assembly Representatives
Malacca State Legislative Assembly Johor State Legislative Assembly Pahang State Legislative Assembly Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly

Sabah State Legislative Assembly Perak State Legislative Assembly Penang State Legislative Assembly Selangor State Legislative Assembly Kelantan State Legislative Assembly

Perlis State Legislative Assembly Kedah State Legislative Assembly Terengganu State Legislative Assembly Sarawak State Legislative Assembly

Barisan Nasional state governments
Barisan Nasional also forms the state governments of Negeri Sembilan, Penang and Selangor in coalition with Pakatan Harapan, following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.

Literature

 * Chok, Suat Ling (4 October 2005). "MPs in the dock". New Straits Times, p. 1, 6.
 * Chin, James. 2002. Malaysia: The Barisan National Supremacy. In David Newman & John Fuh-sheng Hsieh (eds), How Asia Votes, pp. 210–233. New York: Chatham House, Seven Bridges Press. ISBN 1-889119-41-5.
 * Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005). "National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence". Malaysia Not Today

title: Barisan Nasional


text:
Dexter, New York

Dexter is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,052 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from Simon Newton Dexter, one of the village's stockholders.

Dexter is in the southern part of the town of Brownville and is west of Watertown.

History
The village was formerly called Fish Island and was part of the lands belonging to Jacob and John Brown. The village was renamed Dexter after Simon Newton Dexter.

Dexter became an incorporated village in 1855, with a population of about 528.

The Dexter Universalist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Geography
Dexter is located in west-central Jefferson County at 44.00826°N, -76.04536°W, in the southern part of the town of Brownville. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.0 km2, of which 1.8 km2 are land and 0.2 km2, or 8.39%, are water.

The village is adjacent to the Black River, near Black River Bay, an arm of Lake Ontario. The village is bordered to the south across the river by the town of Hounsfield.

New York State Route 180, a north-south highway, passes through the village, leading north 1.5 mi to Limerick and south 3.5 mi to NY-3 near Sackets Harbor. Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, is 7 mi to the east via Routes 180 and 12F. County Roads 53 and 59 also serve the community.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,120 people, 420 households, and 299 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,704.7 PD/sqmi. There were 455 housing units at an average density of 1,098.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.86% White, 0.27% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.45% Asian, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.

There were 420 households, out of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the village, the population was distributed with 28.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,482, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $36,875 versus $19,706 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,138. About 14.2% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 24.1% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dexter, New York


text:
Evans Mills, New York

Evans Mills is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 621 at the 2010 census. The village is within the town of Le Ray and is northeast of Watertown.

History
The village was founded around 1802, but the mills were not erected until 1806. In the middle of the 19th century, the community was briefly called "Evansville". It was named for Ethni Evans, a mill owner.

Evans Mills became an incorporated village in 1874. Its population was then about 500.

The LeRay Hotel, circa 1828, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

The town is the home of Evans Mills Speedway which was built in 1967.

Geography
Evans Mills is located northeast of the center of Jefferson County at 44.08861°N, -75.80722°W (44.088555, -75.807193). It sits near the geographic center of the town of Le Ray, in the valley of West Creek, a northeastward-flowing tributary of the Indian River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.1 km2, all land.

Evans Mills is near the west side of Fort Drum. It is located on County Road 16 (Willow Street). U.S. Route 11 passes through the southern side of the village, leading southwest 10 mi to Watertown, the county seat, and northeast 7 mi to the village of Philadelphia.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 605 people, 251 households, and 163 families residing in the village. The population density was 768.8 PD/sqmi. There were 276 housing units at an average density of 350.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 94.05% White, 2.48% African American, 0.33% Native American, 1.49% Asian, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of the population.

There were 251 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $40,750, and the median income for a family was $44,886. Males had a median income of $33,281 versus $21,641 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,358. About 12.4% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Evans Mills, New York


text:
Glen Park, New York

Glen Park is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 502 at the 2010 census. The village is on the border of the towns of Brownville and Pamelia and is immediately northwest of Watertown.

History
The village was built up around the Remington Paper Company and incorporated in 1893.

The village was also the site of an amusement and picnic grounds operated by a local streetcar company. Extensive caves and endangered bat hibernaculum in the vicinity.

Geography
Glen Park is located in central Jefferson County at 43.99889°N, -75.95222°W (43.998895, -75.952235). The majority of the village is in the southeastern corner of the town of Brownville, with a small portion extending east into the town of Pamelia. The village is bordered to the west by the village of Brownville and to the south by the Black River, which forms the border with the town of Watertown.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Glen Park has a total area of 1.9 km2, of which 0.06 sqkm, or 3.30%, are water.

County Route 190, sometimes shown on maps as New York State Route 12E, is the main road through Glen Park. It leads southeast (upstream along the Black River) 3.8 mi to the center of Watertown and west 0.7 mi to NY-12E in Brownville village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 487 people, 175 households, and 131 families residing in the village. The population density was 693.5 PD/sqmi. There were 190 housing units at an average density of 270.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.92% White, 0.21% African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 1.03% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.23% of the population.

There were 175 households, out of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.1% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,250, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $20,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,159. About 8.9% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Glen Park, New York


text:
Great Bend, New York

Great Bend is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 843 at the 2010 census.

Great Bend is in the northern part of the town of Champion. It is adjacent to the southern section of the Fort Drum military reservation.

Geography
Great Bend is located in eastern Jefferson County at 44.03639°N, -75.70833°W (44.036396, -75.708376). It is bordered to the northeast and northwest (but not the north) by the Black River, which makes the bend referred to in the community's name. Across the river to the northwest is Fort Drum in the town of Le Ray, and across it to the northeast is the village of Deferiet in the town of Wilna.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Great Bend CDP has a total area of 15.1 km2, of which 15.0 km2 are land and 0.1 km2, or 0.97%, are water.

Great Bend is at the junction of New York State Route 3, New York State Route 26, and County Road 47. Route 3 leads east and southeast 7 mi to Carthage, passing first through Deferiet, and west 10 mi to Watertown, the Jefferson county seat. Route 26 leads northwest across Fort Drum 6 mi to Evans Mills and southeast 7 mi to West Carthage.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 801 people, 313 households, and 210 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 136.4 PD/sqmi. There were 348 housing units at an average density of 59.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.38% White, 2.12% African American, 1.00% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.62% from other races, and 3.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 313 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,250, and the median income for a family was $49,250. Males had a median income of $38,000 versus $20,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,177. About 8.4% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Great Bend, New York


text:
Henderson, New York

Henderson is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,360 at the 2010 census. The town is named after William Henderson, the original European-American land owner.

Henderson is in the western part of the county and is southwest of Watertown. The Great Lakes Seaway Trail runs through the town along New York State Route 3 and includes a monument to its founder, William E. Tyson.

History
This area had long been occupied by the Onondaga people, a nation of the Iroquois Confederacy, a Native American coalition of tribes who controlled most of upstate and western New York around the Great Lakes by the 15th century. Because most nations of the confederacy had allied with the British in the American Revolutionary War, after the defeat of Britain the United States forced the Iroquois to cede most of their land in New York under the terms of the peace treaty. The tribes moved to Canada, where the British offered them land in what is now Ontario.

New York made available for sale millions of acres of the former Iroquois lands at very low prices in an effort to stimulate settlement and agricultural development of its western and upstate territories. It offered some land to veterans as payment for their service during the war. Speculators based in New York City bought huge portions of land and sold them later for development.

In 1801 Benjamin Wright surveyed and divided the town into lots, but settlers did not begin to arrive until 1802. Most settlers migrated from New England, which had limited lands available for farming. The town was officially organized in 1806 from territory previously part of the town of Ellisburg.

The Cyrus Bates House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 and the Norton–Burnham House, the birthplace of architect Daniel Burnham, was added in 2016.

Notable people

 * Joseph Hawkins, (1781 – 1832) United States Representative
 * Charles G. Finney, (1792 – 1875) Presbyterian minister, revivalist, abolitionist, coeducationalist, and 2nd president of Oberlin College
 * Hiram Barney, (1811 – 1895) lawyer and abolitionist
 * Horatio N. Davis, (1812 – 1907) member of the Wisconsin State Senate
 * Cyrus H. Wheelock, (1813 – 1894) early Mormon missionary and hymn writer
 * Mark Hopkins, (1813 – 1878) railroad magnate, one of the "Big Four" behind the Central Pacific Railroad
 * Buel Hutchinson, (1826 – 1903) politician and lawyer
 * John Watson Foster, (1836 – 1913) U.S. Secretary of State, ambassador and military officer, summered in Henderson Harbor
 * Cushman Kellogg Davis, (1838 – 1900) son of Horatio N. Davis, governor and U.S. senator from Minnesota
 * George Wilbur Peck, (1840 – 1916) governor of Wisconsin, mayor of Milwaukee, newspaper publisher and author of "Peck's Bad Boy" stories
 * Daniel Burnham, (1846 – 1912) architect of several famous buildings, including the Flatiron Building in New York City, Union Station in Washington D.C., the Continental Trust Company Building tower skyscraper in Baltimore (now One South Calvert Plaza), and a number of notable skyscrapers in Chicago; urban planner of numerous cities
 * John Foster Dulles, (1888 – 1959) United States Senator and U.S. Secretary of State, summered at Henderson Harbor.
 * Allen Dulles, (1893 – 1969) first civilian director of the Central Intelligence Agency, summered at Henderson Harbor.
 * Eleanor Lansing Dulles, (1895 – 1996) author, professor, and Government envoy.
 * Craig Conroy, professional ice hockey player, two-time Olympian, and current assistant general manager of the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 137.1 km2, of which 106.7 km2 are land and 30.4 km2, or 22.21%, are water. The western boundary of the town is Lake Ontario.

New York State Route 3 is a north-south highway. New York State Route 178 is an east-west highway, which intersects NY-3 at Aspinwall Corners.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,377 people, 577 households, and 406 families residing in the town. The population density was 33.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,557 housing units at an average density of 37.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.69% White, 0.22% Native American, 0.58% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.

There were 577 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 29.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,019, and the median income for a family was $45,357. Males had a median income of $32,050 versus $24,792 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,071. About 8.1% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and inhabited places

 * Alexander Corners – A location southwest of Henderson village on NY-3.
 * Aspinwall Corners – A location west of Henderson village on NY-3.
 * Babbitt Corners – A location in the northeastern part of the town on County Road 71.
 * Bishop Street – A location west of Butterville.
 * Butterville – A hamlet by the eastern town line on County Road 75.
 * Clark Point – A hamlet on the shore of Lake Ontario on Stony Point.
 * Henderson – The hamlet of Henderson is on NY-178. It became an incorporated village in 1886, but subsequently dissolved the incorporation in 1992. The community is now a census-designated place.
 * Henderson Harbor – A hamlet on the shore of Henderson Bay, The community was originally called "Naples" before 1820.
 * Hungerford Corners – A hamlet west of Henderson village.
 * Roberts Corners – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on NY-178 at County Road 75.
 * Scotts Corners – A location near the southern town line on NY-178 at County Road 152.

Geographical features and locations

 * Association Island – An island near the northern tip of Stony Point.
 * Clark Point – A spit of land west of Sawyers Bay.
 * Crystal Lake – A lake in the southeastern part of the town, also called "Sixtown Pond."
 * Gravely Bay – A bay at the western tip of Stoney Point.
 * Henderson Bay – An arm of Lake Ontario in the northwestern part of the town, partly defined by Stony Point and the mainland.
 * Henderson Pond – A lake southwest of Henderson village.
 * Hoveys Island – A location at the northern tip of Stony Point.
 * Rays Bay – A bay at the southwestern tip of Stony Point.
 * Robert G. Wehle State Park – A state park on Stony Point.
 * Sawyers Bay – A bay located where Stony Point meets the mainland.
 * Sawyer Point – A spit of land east of Sawyer Bay.
 * Six Town Point – A location near the northern tip of Stony Point.
 * Stony Creek – A stream flowing westward in the northern part of Henderson.
 * Stony Point – A peninsula into Lake Ontario in the western part of the town.
 * Westcott Beach State Park – A state park by the northern town line and Lake Ontario.

title: Henderson, New York


text:
Herrings, New York

Herrings is a hamlet and former village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 90 at the 2010 census, down from 129 in 2000. The hamlet is named after two brothers who owned a paper mill in the area.

Herrings is at the western edge of the town of Wilna and is east of Watertown.

History
The community was an important stagecoach stop.

Herrings was incorporated as a village in 1921, but dissolved that status in 2017.

Geography
Herrings is located in eastern Jefferson County at 44.02389°N, -75.65972°W (44.023868, -75.659709), on the southwestern edge of the town of Wilna. The community lies on the north bank of the Black River, which forms the boundary between Wilna and the town of Champion.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.86 km2, of which 0.73 km2 are land and 0.13 km2, or 14.79%, are water.

New York State Route 3 passes through the community, leading west 14 mi to Watertown, the county seat, and southeast 4 mi to Carthage.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 129 people, 42 households, and 30 families residing in what was then a village. The population density was 446.7 PD/sqmi. There were 44 housing units at an average density of 152.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 86.82% White, 4.65% African American, 4.65% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 1.55% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.33% of the population.

There were 42 households, out of which 45.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 34.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $24,583 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $9,674. There were 13.5% of families and 18.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 21.3% of under eighteens and 22.2% of those over 64.

title: Herrings, New York


text:
Hounsfield, New York

Hounsfield is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 3,466 at the 2010 census. The name of the town is from Ezra Hounsfield, a land agent and land owner.

Hounsfield is in the western part of the county and is west of Watertown.

History
The first settler within the town arrived around 1800.

The land comprising the town was purchased by Augustus Sackett in 1801 from a foreclosure of two prior landowners. He took an active part in developing the town and increasing its population.

Hounsfield was formed from the town of Watertown in 1806. The town and its citizens were deeply involved in the War of 1812, primarily due to the two battles that took place at Sackets Harbor.

In 1814, the community of Sackets Harbor, by Black River Bay, set itself off from the town by becoming an incorporated village.

The Bedford Creek Bridge, Conklin Farm, District School No. 19, District School No. 20, East Hounsfield Christian Church, Dr. Samuel Guthrie House, Ressequie Farm, Shore Farm, Stephen Simmons House, Star Grange No. 9, Stevenson-Frink Farm, Storrs' Harbor Naval Shipyard Site, and Sulphur Springs Cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Samuel Guthrie, one of the discoverers of chloroform, and inventor of the percussion compound for firearms, which superseded flints (1782–1848). See a photo of his house in the Jewettsville section of the town here:
 * Marsena R. Patrick, Union Civil War general, provost marshal of Army of Potomac (1811–1888)
 * Veranus Alva Moore, bacteriologist and pathologist (1859–1931)
 * William Van Waters, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 311.8 km2, of which 126.7 km2 are land and 185.2 km2, or 59.37%, are water. The northeastern boundary is the Black River and the western boundary is Lake Ontario. Mill Creek enters Black River Bay near Sackets Harbor.

New York State Route 3 is a north-south highway in the western part of Hounsfield. Interstate 81 crosses the southeastern corner of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,323 people, 1,350 households, and 908 families residing in the town. The population density was 67.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,839 housing units at an average density of 37.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.53% White, 0.57% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population.

There were 1,350 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,011, and the median income for a family was $47,742. Males had a median income of $32,464 versus $26,406 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,806. About 7.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and inhabited places

 * Alverson – A hamlet north of Sulphur Springs.
 * Baggs Corner – A hamlet on NY-3 at County Route 66, east of Sackets Harbor.
 * Boulton Beach – A location southwest of Sackets Harbor on the Lake Ontario shore.
 * Camps Mills – A hamlet east of Sackets Harbor on County Route 62.
 * East Hounsfield – A hamlet on NY-3 near the eastern town line.
 * Field's Settlement – A hamlet on County Route 63 at the eastern town line.
 * Jewettville – A location on NY-3 west of Baggs Corner. It was a thriving brick-making community in the early history of Hounsfield.
 * Maxon Corners – A location on County Route 63 in the southeastern part of Hounsfield.
 * Paddy Hill – A location on NY-12F at the northern town line.
 * Purpura Corners – A hamlet south of Sackets Harbor on NY-3.
 * Sackets Harbor – A village on the south shore of Black River Bay in the central part of Hounsfield.
 * Stowell Corners – A location on County Route 63 in the southeastern part of Hounsfield.
 * Sulphur Springs – A hamlet on County Route 62 in the southeastern part of the town.
 * Watertown International Airport (ART) – An airport in the northeastern part of the town.

Geographical features and other locations

 * Bass Island – A small island offshore of the mainland in Lake Ontario.
 * Black River Bay – A bay of Lake Ontario in the northern part of Hounsfield.
 * Calf Island – A small island southwest of Stony Island.
 * Campbell Point – A projection into Lake Ontario by the southern town line.
 * Galloo Island – A large island, northwest of Stony Island, far from the mainland in Lake Ontario.
 * Gull Island – A small island offshore of the mainland in Lake Ontario.
 * Horse Island – A small island offshore of the mainland in Lake Ontario.
 * Little Galloo Island – A small island south of Galloo Island.
 * Navy Point – A point of land in Black River Bay by Sackets Harbor.
 * Stony Island – A large island far from the mainland in Lake Ontario.
 * Stoors Point – The end of a peninsula in the northeastern part of Black River Bay.

title: Hounsfield, New York


text:
La Fargeville, New York

La Fargeville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Orleans in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 733 at the 2020 census. The hamlet is named after John Frederick La Farge, one of the early proprietors of the town. La Fargeville was once a village, but dissolved its municipal corporation in 1922.

La Fargeville is north of Watertown. The small hamlet has one school, LaFargeville Central School, which serves Pre-K through 12th grade. La Fargeville Central School is ranked the 911th largest public school, 17,312th nationally, and has a total student population of 552.

History
The hamlet was previously called "Log Mills" when it was first settled around 1816, due to the construction of a sawmill for logs. John Frederick La Farge, a French immigrant who had Americanized his name from Jean Frédéric de la Farge, arrived in 1826. Already wealthy from an import business he had set up in New Orleans, he began in the 1820s to buy real estate and build houses in Jefferson County, speculation that eventually led to La Fargeville being named after him. His son John La Farge became a well-known artist.

By 1850, the population was about 300.

Geography
La Fargeville is in northern Jefferson County, in the central part of the town of Orleans. The Chaumont River, a southwest-flowing tributary of Lake Ontario, flows through the center of the community.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.7 km2, of which 8.6 km2 are land and 0.1 km2, or 1.62%, are water.

La Fargeville is at the junction of New York State Route 180 and New York State Route 411 (Plank Road). NY-180 leads north 7 mi to Fishers Landing on the St. Lawrence River and south 14 mi to Dexter at the mouth of the Black River into Lake Ontario. NY-411 leads east 4 mi to Interstate 81 and 9 mi to Theresa. County Road 181 (Plank Street) serves the hamlet from the west, leading 7 mi to Clayton on the St. Lawrence. Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, is 17 mi south of La Fargeville via Routes 180 and 12.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 588 people, 219 households, and 160 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 169.2 PD/sqmi. There were 236 housing units at an average density of 67.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.41% White, 2.21% African American, 1.36% Native American, 0.34% Asian, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.

There were 219 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,286, and the median income for a family was $41,705. Males had a median income of $21,750 versus $24,306 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,816. About 22.5% of families and 28.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.9% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: La Fargeville, New York


text:
Le Ray, New York

Le Ray is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 25,574 at the 2020 census, up from 21,782 in 2010. The town is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray, known as a French "father of the American Revolution".

The town is in the central part of the county and is northeast of Watertown.

History
Archaeological remains show the presence of aboriginal natives in the town.

The region was part of Macomb's Purchase and was acquired by Gouverneur Morris and James Le Ray in 1800. Settlement began around 1802.

The town was formed in 1806 from the town of Brownville and included a large portion of northern Jefferson County. Parts of the town were used to create the towns of Wilna, Alexandria, Theresa, Antwerp, and Philadelphia.

Many of the historic settlements of the town were abandoned due to the formation of Fort Drum, which occupies the eastern half of the town.

The LeRaysville Archeological District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 191.7 km2, of which 190.7 sqmi are land and 0.9 km2, or 0.49%, are water. The Black River marks the south town border.

U.S. Route 11 is a northeast–southwest highway through Le Ray. New York State Route 3 passes across the southeastern part of Le Ray. New York State Route 26 is a north–south highway. New York State Route 37 is a north–south highway in the western part of Le Ray. New York State Route 342 crosses the southern part of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 19,836 people, 4,998 households, and 4,303 families residing in the town. The population density was 269.1 pd/sqmi. There were 5,245 housing units at an average density of 71.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 70.48% White, 16.36% African American, 0.79% Native American, 2.06% Asian, 0.49% Pacific Islander, 6.09% from other races, and 3.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.94% of the population.

There were 4,998 households, out of which 58.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.9% were non-families. 10.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 27.9% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 6.8% from 45 to 64, and 2.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 145.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 167.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,359, and the median income for a family was $33,806. Males had a median income of $21,541 versus $21,074 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,140. About 7.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.1% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Le Ray

 * Black River – A village on the southern town line along the Black River.
 * Calcium – A hamlet and census-designated place west of Fort Drum.
 * Doolins Crossing – A location by the eastern corner of the town.
 * Dutch Settlement – A hamlet in the northern part of the town on County Road 18.
 * Evans Mills – A village in the center of the town on the western side of Fort Drum, north of US-11.
 * Five Corners – A location in the southwestern part of Le Ray.
 * Fort Drum – Part of the military reservation occupies the eastern half of the town.
 * Gould Corners – A location southeast of Evans Mills, located on US-11.
 * Gracey Corners – A location in the southwest of Le Ray.
 * Hall Corners – A location near the northeastern town line.
 * Pine Plains – A location near the eastern corner of the town.
 * Westwood Corners – A location on US-11 near the northeastern town line.

title: Le Ray, New York


text:
Lorraine, New York

Lorraine is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,037 at the 2010 census, up from 930 in 2000. The town is named after Lorraine, a region in France.

The town is on the southern border of the county and is south of Watertown.

History
Settlement began around 1802. The original designation for this area was "Atticus".

The town was formed in 1804 from part of the town of Mexico in Oswego County. At that time the new town was called "Malta", but the name was changed to "Lorraine" in 1808 in order to avoid confusion with the town of Malta in Saratoga County.

Part of Lorraine was used to form the town of Worth in 1848.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 101.0 km2, of which 0.05 km2, or 0.05%, are water.

The southern town line is the border of Oswego County.

South Sandy Creek is an important stream flowing through the northern part of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 930 people, 327 households, and 248 families residing in the town. The population density was 23.8 people per square mile (9.2/km2). There were 400 housing units at an average density of 10.3 per square mile (4.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.57% White, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.

There were 327 households, out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.1% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,523, and the median income for a family was $40,417. Males had a median income of $32,083 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,471. About 9.8% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 17.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Lorraine

 * Allendale – A hamlet located in the northwestern corner of the town on County Road 97. It was formerly called "Caulkins Mill".
 * Gould Corners – A location near the northern town line on County Road 97.
 * Haights Corners – A location near the western town line on County Road 91.
 * Lorraine – A hamlet and census-designated place on County Road 189 in the north-central part of the town. The community was first settled around 1803 and called "Lorraine Huddle".
 * Lorraine Gulf – A valley in the northern part of the town.
 * South Sandy Creek – A stream flowing through Lorraine Gulf in the northern part of Lorraine.
 * Totmans Gulf – A valley in the western part of the town.
 * Waterville – A hamlet near the eastern border of the town.
 * Winona – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on County Road 90.

title: Lorraine, New York


text:
Lyme, New York

Lyme is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,185 at the 2010 census. The settlements of Chaumont and Three Mile Bay are located within the town. Lyme is in the western part of Jefferson County and is northwest of Watertown.

History
A prehistoric occupation area from the Middle Woodland Period is known as the Point Peninsula complex.

A common belief is that early explorers visited this town during the 16th century.

Settlement began around 1802. Due to the large expanse of low-lying land, there was a great deal of sickness in the town.

During the War of 1812, the inhabitants built a fort, but tore it down after visiting British officials assured them no harm would come to them if they removed fortifications.

Residents Ira Polley (Polly) and Chauncey Bugby (later Buckby) were active combatants supporting the Republic of Canada and Canadian independence in the Patriot War (1837). They were captured and sentenced to exile to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in Australia. Both men were subsequently released but elected to remain in Australia, married, and have numerous descendants today.

The town of Lyme was organized from part of the town of Brownville in 1818. In 1849, the northern part of Lyme was used to form the town of Cape Vincent.

The hamlet of Chaumont set itself off from the town in 1874 by incorporation as a village.

District School No. 3 at Putnam Corners, Evans-Gaige-Dillenback House, Getman Farmhouse, and Lance Farm were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Lyme has a total area of 277.1 km2, of which 144.6 km2 are land and 132.6 km2, or 47.83%, are water. The western boundary of Lyme is Lake Ontario, but most of the coastline comprises the shoreline of Chaumont Bay, which is entirely within Lyme.

New York State Route 12E is an east-west highway through Lyme.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,015 people, 813 households, and 573 families residing in the town. The population density was 35.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,183 housing units at an average density of 38.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.42% White, 1.14% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 813 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,569, and the median income for a family was $43,068. Males had a median income of $32,554 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,522. About 6.2% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Lyme

 * Ashland Flats Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area by the northern town line.
 * Chaumont – A village at the shore of Chaumont Bay on NY-12E. The village is on the south side of the Chaumont River, which empties into Chaumont Bay at that location.
 * Chaumont Bay – A large bay of Lake Ontario, entirely within the town, enclosed by Point Peninsula and the mainland.
 * Cherry Island – An island southwest of Point Salubrious.
 * Clines Point – A location on the eastern side of Point Peninsula.
 * Fir Island – A small island near the tip of Point Salubrious.
 * Herrick Grove – A lakeside hamlet located on the south side of Three Mile Point, northwest of Chaumont village.
 * Horse Creek – A stream flowing past the south side of Chaumont.
 * Independence Point – A peninsula projecting into Chaumont Bay southwest of Chaumont village.
 * Isthmus-Flanders Road – Area that transitions between the mainland and Point Peninsula.
 * Long Point – A location on the northeastern shore of Point Peninsula.
 * Long Point State Park – A state park on the northeastern side of Point Peninsula.
 * Point Peninsula – A peninsula connected to the remainder of the town by a narrow isthmus, called "The Isthmus."
 * Point Peninsula – A hamlet on the southeast shore of Point Peninsula on County Road 57. Union Hall and United Methodist Church were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
 * Point Salubrious – A peninsula south of Chaumont village. Point Salubrious Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
 * Sawmill Bay – A small bay south of Chaumont.
 * Shangra-La – A commercial camping area on the eastern side of Point Peninsula facing Chaumont Bay.
 * Three Mile Bay – A lakeside hamlet (and census-designated place) located on an arm of Chaumont Bay called Three Mile Bay. The Row, Old Stone Shop, Taft House, Taylor Boathouse, and Three Mile Bay Historic District were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
 * Three Mile Creek – A stream in the northern part of Lyme that flows into Three Mile Bay.
 * Three Mile Point – A peninsula enclosing Three Mile Bay on the south.
 * Toad Hole Cove – A small bay at the southwestern part of Point Peninsula.

Adjacent towns and areas
The town is southeast of the town of Cape Vincent and west of the towns of Brownville and Clayton. The western side of the town is defined by Lake Ontario.

title: Lyme, New York


text:
Mannsville, New York

Mannsville is a village in the town of Ellisburg in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 354 at the 2010 census, down from 400 in 2000. The name is from Barzillian Mann, early developer.

Mannsville is in the southeastern part of Ellisburg and is south of Watertown.

History
The community was first settled around 1801. Mannsville incorporated as a village in 1879. In 1885, a fire burned several structures in the small village, but they were soon rebuilt.

In the 1830s missionaries served the area. The Mannsville Methodist-Episcopal Church was organized in 1847 with Rev. Fuller serving as the first pastor. The building was erected in 1859. The parsonage, located three houses east, was built in 1880. In 1957 a large addition was built, and the sanctuary was remodeled in 1967. A new steeple was erected in 2002 with funds provided by Ethel S. Joyner, and work done by Graves Construction.

The first school building in the community was a little red schoolhouse built in 1826, at the intersection of Balch Place and current Route 11. A second larger two-story building was built on Lorraine Street, but burned in 1878. The third school, built on the foundation of the Lorraine street building, burned in January 1883. A new building was dedicated in September 1883. There were 106 students in three departments. The schoolhouse again burned in 1907. A new two-story building was completed in 1908, and is currently known as the Mannsville Manor Elementary School. The cement blocks were made to resemble stone. O.D. Greene Jr. of Adams was the builder. Classes ran from first to eighth grades. The district centralized in 1930 with other districts in the towns of Ellisburg and Lorraine.

In the early 1930s, six village men held a meeting in the old Club House on Mill Street in Mannsville. With a dollar each, the Mannsville Volunteer Fire Department was established. In 1949 they became incorporated and merged with Pierrepont Manor to become the Mannsville Manor Fire Department, or tongue in cheek as the "Cellar Savers".

In May 1960 seven active members of the Mannsville Manor Fire Department borrowed $200 from the department to start the first ambulance service in southern Jefferson County, which at that time served six townships. This was the beginning of Rescue 48. In May 1976, Rescue 48 was reorganized with 25 active members supplying 24-hour ambulance service. The Mannsville Manor Rescue Squad observed their 30th anniversary in 1990. On January 4, 1991, the Rescue Squad became one of the first volunteer paramedic ambulance services in Jefferson County.

The Pierrepont Manor Complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Geography
Mannsville is located near the southern border of Jefferson County at 43.71139°N, -76.06417°W (43.711334, -76.064104), in the southeastern part of the town of Ellisburg. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.4 km2, of which 2.3 km2 are land and 0.1 sqkm, or 3.50%, are water. Skinner Creek by the village attracted early settlers to use its water power.

Mannsville is at the intersection of U.S. Route 11 and County Road 90. Interstate 81 passes within one mile of the village to the west, with an interchange at CR 90. US-11 and I-81 lead north 21 mi to Watertown, the county seat, and south 50 mi to Syracuse.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 400 people, 143 households, and 106 families residing in the village. The population density was 434.6 PD/sqmi. There were 168 housing units at an average density of 182.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.25% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.25% Asian, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population.

There were 143 households, out of which 42.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $47,574, and the median income for a family was $48,182. Males had a median income of $29,545 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,768. About 13.6% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.0% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Mannsville, New York


text:
Natural Bridge, New York

Natural Bridge is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 365.

It is located in the northeastern corner of the town of Wilna and is east of Watertown. The name "Natural Bridge" was derived from Natural Bridge Caverns, marble cave which the Indian River runs underground through. Natural Bridge Station is a location along a railroad line southeast of the community in Lewis County.

History
In 1812, a hunter, Aleaser Carr, crossed the Indian River on what he assumed to be a log while hunting. Much to his amazement while hunting a short time later, he again came to the river on the same side as before he crossed. After an examination by himself and a party of hunters, it appeared that he had unknowingly recrossed the river on what turned out to be a marble arch. Consequently, this is how Natural Bridge received its name.

Settlement began in the area in 1818. The former king of Spain, Joseph Bonaparte, known in America as the Count de Survilliers, owned land consisting of a one-mile square. After coming to look at his land in 1828, he was impressed by the limestone arch and with being so close to his lake, "Lake Bonaparte" (8 mi to the northeast), he decided to build a second summer residence in Natural Bridge in 1829. He resided here with his "Madame" until 1835. The house was destroyed in September 1905 in a fire that also consumed two hotels and their barns, the country store, and another dwelling house.

An old story which still proves to be a mystery today is of the Joseph Bonaparte residence. The cellar of the residence was supposedly connected by secret passage to the caverns so that if he ever needed to escape, he had this passage.

Natural Bridge Caverns, the hamlet's namesake, was formerly operated as a show cave, with tourists being ferried by boat on the underground portion of the Indian River.

Geography
Natural Bridge is located along the eastern edge of Jefferson County at 44.06861°N, -75.49472°W (44.068527, -75.494749), in the eastern part of the town of Wilna. It is bordered to the east by the town of Diana in Lewis County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.6 sqkm, all land. The Indian River flows northward through the community to the east of the downtown area.

Natural Bridge is located on New York State Route 3 southeast of Fort Drum, at the western edge of the Adirondacks. Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, is 23 mi to the southwest via Routes 3 and 3A, while Harrisville is 11 mi to the northeast.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 365 people, 139 households, and 100 families residing in Natural Bridge. The racial makeup of the population was 94.8% White, 1.1% African American, 2.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3% Asian, and 1.1% from two or more races. 2.2% were Hispanic or Latino, 1.4% Mexican and 0.8% Puerto Rican.

There were 139 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were Husband and Wife, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were Nonfamily. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the village the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $26,838, and the median income for a family was $25,662. Males had a median income of $18,571 versus $15,536 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,349. About 20.4% of families and 26.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Natural Bridge, New York


text:
Orleans, New York

Orleans is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,789 at the 2010 census, up from 2,463 in 2000. The town is located in the northern part of the county and is north of Watertown. Orleans is named after the commune of Orléans in France.

History
The Oneida tribe granted land, a 100 sqmi tract, in the town to Peter Penet in 1788. The town was first settled around 1806.

The community of La Fargeville was founded around 1816 by the construction of a mill on the Chaumont River.

The town of Orleans was formed from part of the town of Brownville in 1821 at the same time as some other new towns.

Fordham University was founded as St. John's College in La Fargeville in 1838 by a purchase of the lands and home of John La Farge. The college moved to New York City after a few years.

The Irwin Brothers Store and Stone Mills Union Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 202.1 km2, of which 185.0 km2 are land and 17.1 km2, or 8.48%, are water. Part of the town is located on the St. Lawrence River and includes part of Wellesley Island, containing Dewolf Point State Park. The northern town line is the international border with Canada (Ontario).

Interstate 81, a major divided highway, passes through the town to the Canada–US border. New York State Route 12 follows the south bank of the St. Lawrence River and intersects New York State Route 180, a north–south highway, at Fishers Landing. New York State Route 411 is an east–west highway in the southern part of Orleans.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,465 people, 928 households, and 703 families residing in the town. The population density was 34.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,084 housing units at an average density of 29.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.20% White, 0.77% African American, 0.77% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population.

There were 928 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,458, and the median income for a family was $41,471. Males had a median income of $28,828 versus $22,132 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,315. About 8.8% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.9% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and inhabited locations

 * Barlow Corners – A location in the southeastern corner of the town on County Road 15.
 * Collins Landing – A community on the southern shore of the St. Lawrence River, across from Wellesley Island.
 * DeLaFarge Corners – A hamlet on the eastern town line on County Road 3.
 * Dewolf Point State Park – a state park on Wellesley Island by Lake of the Isles.
 * Fineview – A location on the south shore of Wellesley Island on County Road 100.
 * Fishers Landing – A hamlet and census-designated place in the northern part of town by the St. Lawrence River, on Routes NY-12 and NY-180.
 * Getman Corners – A location in the southeastern part of the town on County Road 15.
 * Grass Point State Park – A state park in the northern part of the town, off NY-12.
 * Grenell – A community on Wellesley Island north of Thousand Islands Park.
 * Grandview Park – a community on the northwestern tip of Wellesley Island.
 * La Fargeville – A hamlet and census-designated place at the intersection of Routes NY-180 and NY-411, along with County Road 181.
 * Moore Landing – A location on the southern shore of Wellesley Island.
 * Omar – A hamlet in the northern part of the town on Route 180. The community was once called "Mudges Mills".
 * Orleans Corners (or "Orleans Four Corners," formerly "Shantyville") – A location in the eastern part of the town on NY-411 at County Road 15.
 * Stone Mills – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town on Route 180.
 * Thousand Island Park – A hamlet and census-designated place on the southwestern tip of Wellesley Island by South Bay.
 * Waterson Point State Park – A state park on the northern shore of Wellesley Island.
 * Wellesley Island State Park – A state park on Wellesley Island.

Geographic locations

 * American Narrows – A narrow channel of the St. Lawrence River that flows between Wellesley Island and the mainland of New York.
 * Chaumont River – A stream in the southern part of Orleans, flowing past La Fargeville.
 * Collins Landing Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area by the St. Lawrence River.
 * Crow Island – A small island by the north shore of Wellesley Island.
 * Eel Bay – A bay at the western end of Wellesley Island.
 * Mullet Creek – A stream entering the St. Lawrence River at Fishers Landing.
 * Lake of the Isles – A bay formed by two arms of Wellesley Island.
 * South Bay – A bay on the southwestern corner of Wellesley Island.
 * Wellesley Island – An island in the St. Lawrence River, partly in the town of Orleans.

title: Orleans, New York


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Pamelia, New York

Pamelia is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 3,160 at the 2010 census, up from 2,897 in 2000. The town was named for Pamelia Williams, wife of landowner and developer General Jacob J. Brown.

Pamelia is in the north-central part of the county and is north of Watertown.

History
The town was first permanently settled circa 1804.

The town was formed in 1819 from part of the town of Brownville. Around 1824, the name was briefly changed to "Leander", but was then changed back to "Pamelia". A small part of the town of Orleans was added to Pamelia in 1824. A small south part of Pamelia was lost when Watertown incorporated in 1869.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 91.2 km2, of which 87.6 km2 are land and 3.5 km2, or 3.89%, are water.

Part of the south town line borders the city Watertown. The Black River flows westward along the southwestern edge of the town.

Interstate 81 is a major highway in the western part of Pamelia. New York State Route 37 is a north-south highway east of Interstate 81. New York State Route 342 is an east-west highway which crosses NY-37 at Pamelia Center. New York State Route 12 crosses the southwest part of the town. U.S. Route 11 crosses the south part of Pamelia.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,897 people, 1,044 households, and 790 families residing in the town. The population density was 85.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,144 housing units at an average density of 33.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.20% White, 1.52% African American, 0.66% Native American, 1.21% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.59% from other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.73% of the population.

There were 1,044 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $45,500. Males had a median income of $33,050 versus $21,832 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,314. About 9.0% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Pamelia

 * Glen Park – A village primarily in the town of Brownville; a small portion occupies the southwestern corner of Pamelia.
 * Knowlesville – A hamlet by Interstate 81 north of Pamelia Center.
 * Pamelia Center (formerly "Williamsville") – A hamlet and census-designated place near the middle of the town on NY-37.
 * Pamelia Four Corners – A hamlet by the eastern town line on NY-37 and County Road 16.
 * Perch Lake – A lake partly in the northern part of Pamelia.
 * Perch River – A stream partly in the northern part of the town.
 * Scoville Corners – A location near the western town line at NY-12 and NY-342.

Notable person

 * Frank Leach, Wisconsin State Assemblyman and businessman, was born in Pamelia.

title: Pamelia, New York


text:
Redwood, New York

Redwood is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 605.

Geography
Redwood is located at 44.30083°N, -75.80056°W (44.300703, -75.800489) in the eastern part of the town of Alexandria. The community is bordered to the southeast by the town of Theresa.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.6 km2, of which 5.2 km2 are land and 1.4 km2, or 20.89%, are water. Mud Lake is in the southern part of the CDP, and the southwest end of Butterfield Lake is in the eastern part.

Redwood is located on New York State Route 37 at the junction of County Roads 3 and 192. Route 37 leads south 24 mi to Watertown, the county seat, and north 22 mi to Morristown on the St. Lawrence River. Alexandria Bay, also on the St. Lawrence, is 7 mi to the northwest by County Route 192 and State Route 26.

Notable residents
Former Democratic U.S. Representative John Cosgrove, who served Missouri's 6th Congressional District, was born near Alexandria Bay and attended school in Redwood, NY.

Former boxer Tommy Ryan was born here.

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 584 people, 205 households, and 160 families residing in the village. The population density was 286.8 PD/sqmi. There were 277 housing units at an average density of 136.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.63% White, 0.68% African American, and 0.68% from two or more races.

There were 205 households, out of which people 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $36,850, and the median income for a family was $42,721. Males had a median income of $32,344 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,105. 12.1% of the population and 9.2% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 27.3% of those under the age of 18 and 3.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

title: Redwood, New York


text:
Rodman, New York

Rodman is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from a public official, Daniel Rodman.

The town is in the southeastern part of the county and is south of Watertown.

History
Prehistoric remains in the town document the lives of the original natives.

The region was part of Macomb's Purchase. The town was first settled around 1801.

Rodman was organized as a town in 1804 from part of the town of Adams. The town was originally called "Harrison" after an early landowner, but was later changed to "Rodman", the name of the clerk of the legislature, due to confusion with other similarly named communities. Part of Rodman was used in 1808 to form the Town of Pinckney (Now part of Lewis County).

Notable people

 * Rodman native Benjamin Burr (1818-1894) served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a businessman in Stevens Point, Wisconsin.
 * Rodman native Adele M. Fielde (1839–1916) became a Baptist missionary in China. She wrote books about China, parliamentary procedure, and the Swatow dialect.
 * Rodman native Mary A. Hitchcock Wakelin (1834-1900) was a temperance reformer.
 * Rodman native Frank Winfield Woolworth (1852-1919) made a fortune from his "five and dime" mercantile empire.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 109.5 km2, of which 0.1 km2, or 0.13%, are water.

The town is north of Syracuse and south of Watertown, on the western slopes of the Tug Hill Plateau. The eastern town line is the border of Lewis County.

New York State Route 177 is an east–west highway crossing the town.

The North and South Branches of Sandy Creek run through Rodman and eventually join near Litt's Bridge at the western border of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,147 people, 385 households, and 314 families residing in the town. The population density was 27.2 PD/sqmi. There were 455 housing units at an average density of 10.8 per square mile (4.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.34% White, 0.17% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.09% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.39% of the population.

There were 385 households, out of which 46.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.1% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.2% were non-families. 13.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,339, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $25,764 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,453. About 6.7% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Rodman

 * Babbits Corners – A location in the southeastern part of the town at the junction of NY-177 and County Road 189.
 * Dillen – A hamlet in the northwestern corner of the town on County Road 155.
 * East Rodman – A hamlet near the eastern town line on County Roads 69 and 156. It was also called "Whitesville".
 * Rodman – A hamlet (and census-designated place) at the junction of County Roads 69 and 97 in the west-central part of the town.
 * Ross Corners – A location in the southwestern part of the town on County Road 97.
 * Shingle Gulf – A canyon in the northeastern part of Rodman.
 * Tremaines Corners – A hamlet southeast of the center of the town on County Roads 95 and 177.
 * Whitford Corners – A location in the northwestern part of the town on NY-177. The location was also called "West Rodman" and "Toad Hollow".
 * Zoar – A hamlet northeast of Rodman village, formerly known as "Unionville".

title: Rodman, New York


text:
Rutland, New York

Rutland is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 3,038 at the 2020 census.

Rutland is in the eastern part of the county, east of Watertown and southwest of Fort Drum.

History
Prehistoric remains are evidence of an original early native population. The first modern settlement took place near Rutland Center circa 1799.

The town was formed from part of the town of Watertown in 1802, before the establishment of Jefferson County. In 1844, an island in the Black River at Felts Mills was annexed from the town of Le Ray.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 117.5 km2, of which 116.8 km2 are land and 0.7 km2, or 0.61%, are water. The Black River defines the northern town line, and most of the southern town line is the county line of Lewis County.

New York State Route 12 and New York State Route 126 are east-west highways through the central part of the town. New York State Route 3 follows the south bank of the Black River.

The community of Black River set itself apart from Rutland and the town of Le Ray by incorporating as a village in 1891.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,959 people, 1,097 households, and 840 families residing in the town. The population density was 65.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,178 housing units at an average density of 26.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.34% White, 1.49% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.84% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.82% of the population.

There were 1,097 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,417, and the median income for a family was $38,906. Males had a median income of $30,040 versus $21,450 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,919. About 10.3% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Rutland

 * Black River – A village along the northern town line and the Black River, half in Rutland and half in Le Ray. It was once called "Lockport".
 * Felts Mills – A hamlet (and census-designated place) by the northern town line and the Black River. A mill was built in 1800, establishing the community.
 * Harpers Ferry – A hamlet on NY-126 at County Road 163, east of Rutland Center.
 * Rutland Center – A hamlet on NY-126.
 * Rutland Hollow – A shallow valley in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Rutland Lake – A small lake near Rutland Center.
 * Sandy Creek – A stream flowing through the southern part of Rutland.
 * Tylerville – A hamlet in the southern part of town at the junction of County Roads 69 and 161. The community dates from circa 1805 and was originally called "South Rutland".
 * Underwood Hill – An elevation in the southwestern part of Rutland.

title: Rutland, New York