text:
Elizabethtown, New York

Elizabethtown is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,163 at the 2010 census. The county seat of Essex County is the hamlet of Elizabethtown, located in the northern part of the town. The name is derived from Elizabeth Gilliland, the wife of an early settler.

Elizabethtown is in the east-central part of Essex County. It is 39 mi southwest of Burlington, Vermont, 104 mi south of Montreal, Quebec, and 117 mi north of Albany. The town calls itself the "Pleasant Valley".

History
William Gilliland, an investor, bought up large tracts of land in Essex County. The town was first settled around 1792 near New Russia.

The town of Elizabethtown was established in 1798 from the town of Crown Point. The community of Elizabethtown in this town became the county seat, succeeding a location in the town of Essex. Parts of the town were used to form the towns of Moriah (1808), Keene (1898), and Westport (1815).

The lumber industry and processing iron ore were important in the beginning, but tourism became prominent by the end of the 19th century.

The Hand-Hale Historic District and Hubbard Hall are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 215.3 km2, of which 211.4 km2 is land and 3.8 km2, or 1.78%, is water.

The Black River, a northward-flowing tributary of the Boquet River, marks part of the eastern town line.

Interstate 87, the Northway, is a major divided highway passing through the southeastern part of Elizabethtown. There are no exits within the town limits; the closest access is from Exit 32 (Stowersville Rd), just to the north in Lewis and from Exit 31 (NY 9N) just to the east in Westport. U.S. Route 9 is a north-south highway. New York State Route 9N is an east-west highway, which intersects U.S. Route 9 in downtown Elizabethtown. The town is also in the Adirondack High Peaks region, and is 29 km from Mount Marcy, the highest point in the state.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,315 people, 497 households, and 318 families residing in the town. The population density was 16.1 people per square mile (6.2/km2). There were 794 housing units at an average density of 9.7 per square mile (3.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.49% White, 0.68% African American, 0.61% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.38% of the population.

There were 497 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 24.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,244, and the median income for a family was $44,531. Males had a median income of $28,295 versus $23,594 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,059. About 9.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.8% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Elizabethtown

 * Black River – A small river that flows northward out of Lincoln Pond.
 * Boquet River – A small river that flows northward through the center of the town, it is a tributary of Lake Champlain.
 * Colonial Garden – A display garden in Elizabethtown on US-9 / NY-9N, behind the Essex County Historical Society / Adirondack History Center Museum.
 * Elizabethtown – The hamlet of Elizabethtown is at the junction of US-9 and NY-9N. The community has been the county seat since 1807.
 * Euba Mills – A location in the southwestern corner of the town on US-9, at the junction of County Road 70.
 * Hurricane Mountain – A notable elevation in the northwestern part of Elizabethtown.
 * Lincoln Pond – A lake in the southeastern part of the town.
 * New Pond – A small lake at the southern town line near Euba Mills.
 * New Russia – A hamlet south of Elizabethtown on US-9.
 * Pauline Murdock Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area northeast of Elizabethtown hamlet.

Notable people

 * Ezra C. Gross, U.S. Representative from New York (1819–1821)
 * Robert S. Hale, U.S. Representative from New York (1866–1867 and 1873–1875)
 * Augustus C. Hand, U.S. Representative from New York (1839–1841)
 * Augustus Noble Hand, judge who served on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
 * Learned Hand, judge of United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
 * Orlando Kellogg, U.S. Representative from New York (1847–1849 and 1863–1865)
 * Thomas W. Lamb, architect
 * Dermont E. Miner, golf professional and golf course architect, the first American-born professional golfer
 * Gregor Piatigorsky, cellist
 * Jacqueline Piatigorsky, chess and tennis champion, author, sculptor
 * Charles Poletti, 46th governor of New York
 * Mary Post, pioneer of education in Arizona

title: Elizabethtown, New York


text:
Essex, New York

Essex is a town in Essex County, New York, United States overlooking Lake Champlain. The population was 621 at the 2020 census. The town is named after locations in England.

The town is on the eastern edge of the county. It is 17 mi south-southwest of Burlington, Vermont, which is on the opposite shore of Lake Champlain, 32 mi south of Plattsburgh, 94 mi south of Montreal, Quebec, and 135 mi north of Albany. Essex is inside the Adirondack Park.

History
At the time of first European contact ca. 1530, the area on the western shores of Lake Champlain were inhabited by Mohawk people of the Iroquois confederacy, with substantial Abenaki (Algonquian) contact.

Essex was part of a land grant made to Louis Joseph Robart by King Louis XV of France. The land grant was lost after the British took over the region after 1763.

The region was first settled around 1765 with the intention of forming a baronial estate like those of the lower Hudson River for landowner and investor, William Gilliland.

The town was formed from a part of the town of Willsboro in 1805. It was an important shipbuilding location and port, but that economy collapsed after 1849 with the beginning of railroad lines in the region.

The Essex Village Historic District, Foothills Baptist Church, and the Octagonal Schoolhouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 97.4 km2, of which 81.9 km2 is land and 15.5 km2, or 15.88%, is water.

The eastern border of Essex is the Vermont state line in the middle of Lake Champlain.

New York State Route 22 is a north–south highway in Essex.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 713 people, 302 households, and 202 families residing in the town. The population density was 22.5 people per square mile (8.7/km2). There were 522 housing units at an average density of 16.5 per square mile (6.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.7% White, 0.1% Native American, and 0.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.1% of the population.

There were 302 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,596, and the median income for a family was $40,104. Males had a median income of $26,905 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,087. About 10.8% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Town of Essex is a municipal corporation governed by a five-member elected town board. The board is composed of one Supervisor (two-year term beginning every even-numbered year) and four Councilmembers (four terms, of which two begin concurrently with each new supervisor term). The Town Clerk is an elected two-year term position, beginning every even numbered year. The Highway Superintendent is an elected two-year term position beginning every even numbered year and is run independently from the Town Board, except for receiving annual funding of the Highway Department budget. The Town Justice is an elected four-year position and is run independently from the Town Board, except for receiving funds on a monthly basis. There are three duly elected Assessors who each serve a four-year term, with two of them staggering their term two years apart from the other.

Education and culture
Most of Essex is served by Willsboro Central School District, though the Boquet Valley Central School is also used. Additionally, some travel across Lake Champlain to Vermont or drive north to Plattsburgh for private school.

For twenty years, the Essex Theatre Company, located near the ferry dock in the Masonic Lodge, has continuously produced stage plays and broadway musicals for summertime enjoyment – and also occasional winter entertainment programs.

The entire town is situated among quaint shops, cafes, and restaurants. Most notable for their placement on the National Register of Historic Places, the entire town is included on the Registry.

Periodically there are adult education programs, such as a history lecture series, at the Whallonsburgh Grange.

Recreation
There are a wide variety of year-round recreational offerings. Cycling is very popular in many parts of Essex. Whallons Bay Road offers magnificent views of both Vermont and the Adirondack High Peaks, with smooth roads and moderate hills. Walker Road is also a popular bike route, which sees Essex residents routinely riding from the historic hamlet to Dogwood Bakery in Wadhams via this route on the weekends. Route 22 is part of the Empire State Trail, which officially opened in 2020. Hikers will find many opportunities to access small mountains, forests and fields via the Champlain Area Trails (CATS) trails, which wind for dozens of miles throughout Essex. The newest Essex Quarry Trail, at the top of Bull Run in Essex, allows visitors to see the remains of a once-active quarry in a unique woodland. Infrequently traveled side roads throughout the entire town lend themselves to casual walks through serene and beautiful areas. On the lake, sailing, swimming, stand-up paddelboarding (SUPs) and kayaking are favorite summer pastimes. Both Lake Champlain and the Boquet River have excellent and easy to access areas for anglers of all ages.

Public transport
Air service transport is provided by Plattsburgh International Airport (30 miles to the north), and Burlington International Airport (across the lake via the ferry in Essex, to Charlotte, Vermont). Both are within easy driving distance. Burlington International Airport serves international customers, and Plattsburgh International Airport serves regional and national carriers.

Ferry service between Essex and Charlotte, Vermont, is provided by the Lake Champlain Transportation Company. This became a year-round route in 1998.

This route is used by many residents for access to medical care, jobs, school, and shopping. While most years in the past decade the ferry service has run year-round, the ice-breaking ferries usually used on this route were redeployed to Crown Point to fill in for the Champlain Bridge which was demolished in 2009.

The first ferry service in Essex began operation circa 1790.

Amtrak service is available in Westport, 10 mi to the south. In the days of peak train service, local Delaware & Hudson Railway trains ending at Plattsburgh or at Rouses Point made stops in Essex, but not the named trains, Laurentian, or its overnight counterpart, the Montreal Limited.

Access to medical care
Essex is in a rural area in the Adirondack Park, so most of its access to medical care is via the ferry operated by Lake Champlain Transportation. The nearest emergency department is Elizabethtown Community Hospital, a 25-bed rural hospital with eighteen on its active medical staff, which is a 17 mi drive. Further away, accessible via 20-minute ferry and a significant drive, is the emergency department of Fletcher Allen Hospital, a large, full-service hospital affiliated with the University of Vermont. An important fully staffed hospital and full-service emergency department is at CVPH Medical Center, in Plattsburgh, approximately 35 mi to the north.

Communities and locations in Essex

 * Beggs Point – Small point in the hamlet of Essex. Horseshoe nail and window sash factories were located here before burning down in the early 1900s. Now the town park with playground, fishing pier and boat launch. Sunrise religious services for Easter.
 * Boquet River – Its southern branch flows northward through the center portion of the town.
 * Boquet (formally West Essex or Wessex) – A hamlet on NY-22 west of Essex.
 * Brookfield – A former hamlet in the western part of Essex settled in 1797 by mostly Morris County, New Jersey, and Dutchess County, New York, farmers and bloomers. Cemetery still exists.
 * Bluff Point – A point in the southeast portion of Essex hamlet. Lake depth drops to 100 ft off the cliff.
 * Bull Run – The hill on south Main Street traveling into Essex hamlet.
 * Crooked S Hill – The hill west of Boquet after crossing the Boquet River. Named from the appearance of Jersey Street (County Road 12) as it twists up the hill.
 * Grog Harbor – A shallow bay south of Split Rock Point. Named when liquor smugglers had to dump their cargo.
 * Cannon Point – A shallow projection into Lake Champlain at the Crater Club.
 * Crater Club – A hamlet on the shore of Lake Champlain, south of Essex hamlet on County Road 80.
 * Essex (formerly "Elizabeth") – The hamlet of Essex on the shore of Lake Champlain at the junction of NY-22 and County Road 80. The hamlet is the location of the town government and is a ferry port to Vermont. The village was the first county seat of Essex County when it was formed in 1799 until 1807, when Elizabethtown became the county seat. It was founded about 1765. The Essex Village Historic District encompasses many of the historic buildings.
 * Essex Station (also known as Merriam Station) – A location southwest of Essex hamlet on NY-22.
 * Sandy Beach – A private small sand beach in the northeast part of Essex hamlet.
 * Split Rock Point – The easternmost extension of the town into Lake Champlain. A privately owned lighthouse operates year-round.
 * Whallonsburg – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on NY-22. It was founded about 1770 before a fire in the early 1900s, the hamlet produced furniture and other wood products. The Essex County Home and Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Whallonsburg Grange Hall is a very popular cultural and educational center, as is Whitcomb's Garage, which was transformed in 2020 into commercial small business space.
 * Whallons Bay – A bay of Lake Champlain in the southeast part of Essex. This bay is very popular for mooring sailboats owned by local residents. A small parking area across the street leads to a tunnel under the road which grants access to the bay.

Notable people
Some notable Essex residents, past and present, include:
 * Millicent Kittredge Blake (1822–1907), educator
 * Sid Couchey (1919–2012), cartoonist
 * George Hearn (born 1934), actor
 * Sergeant Frederick Jarvis (1841–1894), soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
 * Steven Kellogg, children's book author
 * John L. Merriam (1825–1895), Minnesota banker, politician and Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives
 * George Pataki (born 1945), the 53rd governor of New York
 * Henry H. Ross (1790–1862), congressman from New York
 * Peter C. Schultz, co-inventor of fiber optics
 * Eugene Franklin Skinner (1809–1864), a pioneer, after whom is named Eugene, Oregon
 * Reuben Whallon (1776–1843), congressman from New York

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Essex, New York


text:
Jay, New York

Jay is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 2,506 at the 2010 census. The town is named after John Jay, governor of New York when the town was formed.

The town is on the northern border of Essex County and is 34 mi southwest of Plattsburgh, 93 mi south of Montreal, and 135 mi north of Albany. Jay is located inside the Adirondack Park.

History
The area was originally known as "Mallory's Bush", after the principal settlement, based on early settler Nathaniel Mallory, who arrived around 1797 from what is now called Mallorytown Landing in Front of Yonge, Ontario.

The town of Jay, named in honor of New York Governor John Jay, was formed in January 1798 from part of the town of Willsboro. Afterwards, part of Jay was used to form, in whole or part, the towns of Keene (1808), Elizabethtown and Wilmington (1821). In 1822, the town was increased by territory from the town of Chateaugay (now in Franklin County), and the town of Peru (now in Clinton County).

Lumber production and iron ore extraction were important to the early economy of the town.

Land of Makebelieve, an amusement park (1954–1979), was located in Upper Jay.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 176.4 km2, of which 175.3 sqkm is land and 1.1 km2, or 0.62%, is water.

The northern town line, partly defined by the Ausable River, is the border of Clinton County. The East Branch of the Ausable River flows northward the length of the town near the western town boundary.

New York State Route 9N is a north-south highway through the town, following the course of the East Branch of the Ausable. New York State Route 86 leads west from NY-9N at the hamlet of Jay.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,306 people, 918 households, and 651 families residing in the town. The population density was 34.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,443 housing units at an average density of 21.3 per square mile (8.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.44% White, 0.30% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.

There were 918 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,612, and the median income for a family was $39,954. Males had a median income of $29,145 versus $21,438 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,673. About 6.9% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations within the town

 * Au Sable Acres – A private residential community in the northwestern part of town, comprising several hundred year-round inhabitants and seasonal residents. It is south of the West Branch of the Ausable River.
 * Au Sable Forks – A hamlet on the northern town line, extending north into the town of Black Brook in Clinton County. The hamlet is centered around the confluence of the West and East Branches of the Ausable River.
 * Green Street – A hamlet in the northeastern part of town, southeast of Au Sable Forks.
 * North Jay – A hamlet in the northeastern section of the town, located on Stickney Bridge Road. It is south of Au Sable Forks and northeast of Jay hamlet.
 * Jay (formerly "Mallory's Bush") – The hamlet of Jay was originally known as Lower Jay. It is on New York State Route 9N by the East Branch of the Ausable River and is considered the oldest settlement in the town. It is well known for its 1857 covered bridge which was located below the village green near the rapids, a very popular swimming hole. The 1857 bridge was deemed unsafe by the New York Department of Transportation and was closed, then removed. The new covered bridge has many original hand-hewed beams in the interior of the new construction and was officially opened as a footbridge in October 2007.
 * Jersey Section – This small residential community is located across the Jersey Bridge at the end of Main Street in the south part of Au Sable Forks.
 * Rome Section – A small residential area west of Au Sable Forks on the West Branch of the Ausable River. The J & J Rogers Co. pulp mill and dam were located at the end of this road.
 * The Grove – Small community of residential homes along the main stem of the Ausable River, a half mile east of Au Sable Forks. This area had suffered recurring floods and ice jams since 1856. It was the first hamlet within the town of Jay to successfully secure a FEMA buyout in 1997 due to the massive devastation from November 9, 1996, flood.
 * Upper Jay (formerly "Mallory's Bush") – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the township on NY-9N, on the East Branch of the Ausable River. It was the location of the Land of Makebelieve amusement park by Arto Monaco. The park was lost due to recurring flooding and ice jams along the river. The Keith and Branch Ford Motors Factory and Showroom, Wells Memorial Library, and Wellscroft are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Earl Finch (October 27, 1830 – June 11, 1888), Wisconsin State Assemblyman and lawyer
 * Isaac Finch (October 13, 1783 – June 23, 1845), congressman
 * Chris Ortloff (September 20, 1947 – Present), Former New York State Assembly Member, convicted sex offender

title: Jay, New York


text:
Keene, New York

Keene is a town in central Essex County, New York, United States. It includes the hamlets of Keene, Keene Valley, and St. Huberts, with a total population of 1,144 as of the 2020 census

The town is part of the Adirondack Park, and includes 15 of the 46 High Peaks, including Mount Marcy, New York's highest mountain, and the rest of the Great Range. It also includes the Ausable Lakes, the source of the Ausable River. Trailheads for many of the High Peaks are located within the town, along with the Johns Brook Lodge of the Adirondack Mountain Club.

History
The earliest settlement in the present village of Keene Center was in 1787. The town of Keene was created from splitting parts of the towns of Jay and Elizabethtown on March 19, 1808. This originally included current North Elba, but that was split in 1849 from the original Keene. The area is mountainous with bedrock close to the surface in most areas, leaving little arable land. It has a low population due to the unsuitable and often unstable soil in the region. A road along the Ausable River from Jay was extended south to Keene Center about 1797, but it was often deemed almost impassible due to the structure of the area. The town of Keene organized the first school district in the Adirondacks, which held its first recorded trustee meeting in 1813.

Early development in the area was based on lumber and iron extraction; however, exporting lumber was difficult due to lack of transportation, and most was used locally. The first sawmill was built in 1823 and was quickly followed by forges and gristmills. The riverbed region of Keene sprouted the first community, Keene Central, and Keene Flats (renamed Keene Valley in 1883 ) was developed by 1840. In 1892, after the Adirondack Mountain Reserve acquired the land, a privately tolled and maintained road to Lower Ausable Lake was constructed.

In 2011, the town completed a grassroots project to bring broadband service to more than 97% of the homes in Keene, and installing the service in every home with a student in the town's public school. The extension of this network into rural areas makes it unique in the Adirondack Park.

The Hurricane Mountain Fire Observation Station, Slater Bridge (St. Huberts) and Walton Bridge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 405.6 km2, of which 403.9 km2 is land and 1.8 km2, or 0.43%, is water.

Many of the High Peaks of the Adirondack Park are in or near the town, including Mount Marcy, elevation 5343 ft, the highest point in New York. The Garden, one of the most popular trailheads in the Adirondacks, is located in the hamlet of Keene Valley and is the eastern end of the Johns Brook Trail, leading to Johns Brook Lodge, Mount Marcy, and the heart of the High Peaks Region.

The Lower Ausable Lake and the northern half of the Upper Ausable Lake are in the town of Keene. The East Branch of the Ausable River flows north out of the Lower Ausable Lake and passes through the hamlets of St. Huberts, Keene Valley and Keene before entering the Town of Jay. The Hull's Falls cascade near Keene is a local scenic site.

New York State Route 9N changes from north–south to east–west south of Keene hamlet, at the foot of Spruce Hill. New York State Route 73 changes from east–west to north–south just north of the hamlet of Keene.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,063 people, 443 households, and 279 families residing in the town. The population density was 6.8 people per square mile (2.6/km2). There were 984 housing units at an average density of 6.3 per square mile (2.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.68% White, 0.09% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.38% of the population.

There were 443 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. Of all households, 31.4% were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.90.

The population distribution by age was as follows: 21.8% under 18 years old; 5.9% between 18 and 24 years old, 22.3% between 25 and 44 years old, 30.4% from 45 to 64 years old, and 19.6% 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,226, and the median income for a family was $44,250. Males had a median income of $35,417 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,037. About 1.4% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Keene

 * Adirondack Mountain Reserve: ~7,000 acres of public-access private-wilderness, protected prior to the creation of the Adirondack Park
 * Ausable Club: late Victorian Queen Anne stick-style hotel, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
 * Cascade: A former community in the western part of Keene.
 * Glenmore: A former hamlet east of Keene hamlet, located on County Road 13.
 * The Great Range: A 10 mi mountain range that includes seven of the 46 Adirondack High Peaks.
 * Keene (formerly "Keene Center"): A hamlet in the north-central part of the town on Routes NY-73 and NY-9N.
 * Keene Valley (formerly "Keene Flats"): A hamlet south of Keene hamlet on NY-73. The Beer's Bridge, Keene Valley Library, Notman Bridge, and Ranney Bridge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * Mount Marcy: The highest peak in the state is in the western part of the town, southwest of Keene Valley and St. Huberts.
 * St. Huberts: A hamlet in the southern part of the town on NY-73. Slater Bridge (Maghee Bridge) over the Ausable River is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Putnam Camp was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
 * Lower Ausable Lake: A lake in the southwestern part of Keene.
 * Upper Ausable Lake: A lake partly in the town at the southern town line.

Notable person

 * Russell Banks, novelist

title: Keene, New York


text:
Lake Placid, New York

Lake Placid is a village in the Adirondack Mountains in Essex County, New York, United States. In 2020, its population was 2,205.

The village of Lake Placid is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 mi southwest of Plattsburgh. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics, the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games.

History

Lake Placid was founded in the early 19th century to develop an iron ore mining operation. By 1840, the population of "North Elba" (four miles southeast of the present village, near where the road to the Adirondak Loj crosses the Ausable River), was six families. In 1845, the philanthropist Gerrit Smith arrived in North Elba and not only bought a great deal of land around the village but granted large tracts to former slaves. He reformed the land law and demonstrated his support of abolitionism.

The abolitionist John Brown heard about Smith's reforms and left his anti-slavery activities in Kansas to buy 244 acre of land in North Elba. This parcel later became known as the "Freed Slave Utopian Experiment," Timbuctoo. Brown would become known for his militant abolitionist work, which led to his raid on Harpers Ferry and his conviction for treason and murder. Shortly before his execution in 1859, John Brown asked to be buried on his farm, which remains preserved as the John Brown Farm State Historic Site.

As leisure time increased in the late 19th century, Lake Placid was discovered as a resort by the wealthy, drawn to the fashionable Lake Placid Club. Melvil Dewey, who invented the Dewey Decimal System, designed what was then called "Placid Park Club" in 1895. This inspired the village to change its name to Lake Placid, an incorporated village in 1900. Dewey kept the club open through the winter in 1905, which aided the development of winter sports in the area. Nearby Saranac Lake had hosted an international winter sporting event as early as 1889 and was used year-round by patients seeking treatment for tuberculosis at sanatoria. The fresh, clean mountain air was considered good for them and was a common treatment for tuberculosis.

As the dramatic surroundings became more known to residents of New York City, filmmakers started to use Lake Placid and its surroundings for shooting silent films around 1920. Many movies, among them News Parade, Summer Bachelors, The Avalanche, and Out of the Snows, were shot in the area.

By 1921, the Lake Placid area boasted a ski jump, speed skating venue, and ski association. In 1929, Godfrey Dewey, Melvil's son, convinced the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Lake Placid had the best winter sports facilities in the United States. The Lake Placid Club was the headquarters for the IOC for the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid.

The Club did not allow Jews or Catholics, but there were other hotels that catered to them. Especially during and after World War Two, many cosmopolitan refugees from Hitler's Germany and Austria spent their summers in Lake Placid. Main Street was filled with fashionable shops, albeit opened only during the season.

In addition to the John Brown Farm and Gravesite, the Mount Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run, New York Central Railroad Adirondack Division Historic District, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Major historical hotels
There were three major hotels built in the 1870s, and many subsequent inns flourished. Among the most prominent hotels were: The Grand View Hotel, Stevens House, The Mirror Lake Inn, The Ruisseaumont Hotel, Northwoods Inn, Hotel Marcy, Searles House, and The Homestead. Some of them are still in business.

Olympic Winter Games
Lake Placid hosted the Winter Olympics in 1932 and 1980. Lake Placid, St Moritz, and Innsbruck are the only sites to have twice hosted the Winter Olympic Games.

Jack Shea, a resident of the village, became the first person to win two gold medals when he doubled in speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics.

In the U.S., the village is especially remembered as the 1980 USA–USSR hockey game site. Dubbed the "Miracle on Ice," a group of American college students and amateurs upset seasoned and professional Soviet national ice hockey team, 4–3, and two days later won the gold medal. Another historic first was the performance of American speed-skater Eric Heiden, who won five gold medals.

Other international sporting events
Lake Placid has continued to host international multi-sport events. The World University Games took place there on two occasions; hosting the 1972 Winter Universiade and the 2023 Winter World University Games. Lake Placid hosted the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games.

Regular sporting events

 * Since 1999 Lake Placid has been a site for the annual Ironman Lake Placid Triathlon, the second oldest Ironman in North America and one of ten official Ironman Triathlons held in the continental U.S.
 * The Lake Placid and I Love New York Horse Shows have been held at the North Elba Showgrounds since 1969.
 * The Winter Empire State Games are held in Lake Placid every February.
 * The Lake Placid ice dance competition is held every year in July or August in the 1980 Olympic Arena.
 * CAN/AM hosts an adult pond hockey tournament. The Canadian American pond hockey tournament is held in February on Mirror Lake.
 * The Lake Placid Summit Classic Lacrosse Tournament is held every year in early August since 1990; roughly 250 teams participate.

Recreational opportunities
Lake Placid is well known among winter-sports enthusiasts for its skiing, both Alpine and Nordic. Whiteface Mountain (4867 ft), in nearby Wilmington about 13 mi from Lake Placid, offers skiing, hiking, gondola rides, and mountain biking, and is the only one of the High Peaks that can be reached by an auto road. Whiteface Mountain has a vertical elevation of 3430 ft, the highest vertical elevation of mountains in Eastern North America. The area has one of only 16 bobsled runs in the Western Hemisphere.

In 2010, U.S. News & World Report highlighted Lake Placid as one of the "6 Forgotten Vacation Spots" in North America.

Many people use Lake Placid as a base from which to climb the 46 High Peaks in the Adirondack Mountains.

Lake Placid built its first golf course in 1898, one of the first in the U.S., and has more courses than any other venue in the Adirondacks. Many of its courses were designed by well-known golf course architects, such as Seymour Dunn and Alister MacKenzie. The geographic features of the Adirondacks were considered reminiscent of the Scottish landscape, where the game started, and thus a fitting canvas for original play, or "mountain golf."

Lake Placid is near the West Branch of the Ausable River, a well-known stretch of water for fly fishing.

Music
Lake Placid is home to the Lake Placid Sinfonietta, a professional summer chamber orchestra that has existed since 1917. Musicians associated with New York City's Greenwich House Music School summered in Lake Placid around 1920, as did the opera singer George Hamlin. Victor Herbert was the most famous musician to own a camp in town. The Lake Placid Club offered concerts and gala festivities for decades.

Education

 * Postsecondary education
 * North Country Community College
 * Primary and secondary education
 * In Lake Placid, public education is administered by the Lake Placid Central School District.

Lake Placid is home to five private schools:
 * Mountain Lake Academy
 * National Sports Academy
 * North Country School
 * Northwood School
 * St. Agnes School

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.0 km2, of which 3.6 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 10.79%, is water.

The village is located near the southern end of Lake Placid lake. More immediate to the village is Mirror Lake, which lies between the village and Lake Placid.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,638 people, 1,303 households, and 604 families residing in the village. The population density was 1913.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,765 housing units at an average density of 1280.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.75% White, 0.68% African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.91% Asian, 0.57% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 1.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.

There were 1,303 households, of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.6% were non-families. 45.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02, and the average family size was 2.93.

The population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $28,239, and the median income for a family was $43,042. Males had a median income of $26,585 versus $21,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,507. About 8.5% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lake Placid has a warm-summer, humid continental climate (Dfb). Dfb climates are characterized by a least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ 32.0 °F, at least four months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50.0 °F, all months with an average mean temperature < 71.6 °F and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are comfortably humid in Lake Placid, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values > 90 °F. Since 1897, the highest air temperature was 97 °F. The average wettest month is June which corresponds with the annual peak in thunderstorm activity. During the winter months, the average annual extreme minimum air temperature is -24.5 °F, corresponding to hardiness zone 4. Since 1897, the coldest air temperature was -39 °F. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < -50 °F. The average annual snowfall total is 104.1 in.

Ecology
According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Lake Placid would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Hardwoods/Spruce (108) with a dominant vegetation form of Northern Hardwoods (23). The plant hardiness zone is 4a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of -27.1 °F. The spring bloom typically peaks on approximately May 12 and fall color usually peaks around October 1.

Notable residents

 * Bill Beaney (born 1951) ice hockey coach
 * John Brown (1800–1859), abolitionist
 * Chadd Cassidy (born August 3, 1973), AHL coach
 * Lana Del Rey (born 1985), singer and songwriter
 * John Desrocher (born 1964), ambassador to Algeria
 * Godfrey Dewey (1887-1977), president of the Lake Placid Organizing Committee
 * Melvil Dewey (1851–1931), inventor of the Dewey Decimal Classification System, founder of the Lake Placid Club
 * Victor Herbert (1859–1924), composer and summer resident
 * Chris Ortloff (born 1947), former New York State Assemblyman
 * Artur Rodziński (1892–1958), conductor
 * Katharine Sharp (1865–1914), pioneer in library science, died there in a car crash.
 * Kate Smith (1907–1986), singer
 * James Tolkan (born 1931), actor
 * Craig Wood (1901–1968), golfer

Winter Olympic athletes

 * Lowell Bailey (b. 1981), biathlete
 * Stanley Benham (1913–1970), bobsledder
 * Ashley Caldwell (b. 1993), biathlete
 * Art Devlin (1922–2004) ski jumper, decorated World War II veteran, sports commentator
 * Peter Frenette (b. 1992), ski jumper
 * Mark Grimmette (b. 1971), luger
 * Eric Heiden (born 1958), speedskater
 * Haley Johnson (b. 1981), biathlete
 * Jack Shea (1910–2002), speed skater
 * Jimmy Shea (b. 1968), luger
 * Andrew Weibrecht (born 1986), alpine skier

title: Lake Placid, New York


text:
Lewis, Essex County, New York

 * There is another Town of Lewis in Lewis County, New York.

Lewis is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,382 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Morgan Lewis, the governor of New York at the time the town was established.

The town is in the northeastern quadrant of the county. It is 30 mi southwest of Burlington, Vermont, 32 mi south of Plattsburgh, 94 mi south of Montreal, Quebec, and 131 mi north of Albany.

History
Settlement began before 1798 near Lewis village.

The town of Lewis was established in 1805 from a section of the town of Willsboro. Part of Lewis was taken in 1844 and 1854 to increase the size of the town of Elizabethtown.

Iron mining was an important early industry. Both Stowersville and Deerhead were communities based on the iron industry.

The First Congregational Church and Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Notable person

 * Joseph Call (March 31, 1781, near Woodstock, Vermont – September 20, 1835, in Westport, New York), the "Lewis Giant", was a strongman and wrestler of widespread fame, as well as a postmaster, millwright, logger, town assessor, auditor, justice of the peace, war veteran and teamster.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 220.1 km2, of which 219.6 km2 is land and 0.5 km2, or 0.25%, is water. The town is drained by tributaries of the Boquet River, flowing east to Lake Champlain.

Lewis is inside the Adirondack Park.

The Northway, Interstate 87, is a major multilane north-south highway, with access from Exit 32 (Stowersville Road). U.S. Route 9 is a north-south highway that passes through the center of town.

The results of Proposition 5 being passed in the November 5 election of 2013 showed New York State to have successfully exchanged 200 acres of land with NYCO Minerals Inc., who will mine said land. The Land was estimated to be worth roughly 1 million dollars.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,200 people, 475 households and 341 families residing in the town. The population density was 14.2 per square mile (5.5/km2). There were 620 housing units at an average density of 7.3 per square mile (2.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.25% White, 0.17% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.08% from other races, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.08% of the population.

There were 475 households, of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.91.

Age distribution was 27.3% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.7 males.

The median household income was $36,750, and the median family income was $37,778. Males had a median income of $28,950 versus $21,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,030. About 5.5% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Lewis

 * Big Pond – A small lake northeast of Lewis village.
 * Boquet River – A river in the southern part of Lewis.
 * Crowningshield – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town.
 * Deerhead – A hamlet in the northern part of the town on NY-9.
 * Lewis – The hamlet of Lewis is on US-9 at the junction of County Road 10 (Lewis-Wadhams Road), west of Interstate 87, in the southern part of the town.
 * Stowersville – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town, east of Interstate 87. Stowersville was an important iron manufacturing location in the 19th century.

title: Lewis, Essex County, New York


text:
Minerva, New York

Minerva is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 773 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom. The town has a highly irregular polygonal shape. It is located in the southwestern corner of the county. By road, it is 40 mi north-northwest of Queensbury, 85 mi southwest of Burlington, Vermont, 88 mi south of Plattsburgh, 93 mi north of Albany, and 147 mi south of Montreal, Quebec.

History
The town was first settled around 1804 in the southeast part of Minerva, which has remained the center of the town's population. The town was formed from part of the Town of Schroon in 1817. Part of Minerva was part of the Town of Newcomb until 1828. In 1870, Minerva was increased with territory taken from the Town of Schroon.

Notable people

 * Solomon Northup (1808 – c. 1863), a free-born African-American kidnapped and sold into slavery for 12 years before regaining his freedom, was born here and attended local schools. His book about his experiences was published in 1853, adapted in 1984 as a PBS movie directed by Gordon Parks, and again in 2013 as a feature-length film directed by Steve McQueen.
 * Winslow Homer, nineteenth-century painter, was a summer visitor for several years.
 * Grace Hudowalski, ninth person and first woman to climb all 46 of the Adirondack High Peaks, grew up in Minerva.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 415.1 km2, of which 406.0 km2 is land and 9.1 km2, or 2.2%, is water.

The northern part of the Hudson River forms part of the southwestern boundary of the town. The western town line is the border of Hamilton County, and the southern town line is the border of Warren County. The Indian River and Boreas River flow into the Hudson in the southwestern part of Minerva.

New York State Route 28N, the Roosevelt Marcy Memorial Highway, is a north–south highway which passes through Minerva and is the only road of significance in the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 796 people, 321 households, and 225 families residing in the town. The population density was 5.0 people per square mile (1.9/km2). There were 648 housing units at an average density of 4.1 per square mile (1.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.86% White, 0.25% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.13% Asian, and 2.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.13% of the population.

There were 321 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,903, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $28,523 versus $19,688 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,531. About 11.3% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Minerva

 * Aiden Lair – A location near the northern town line on NY-28N.
 * Lake Balfour – A lake south of Aiden Lair.
 * Camps Baco and Che-Na-Wah – brother/sister camps located on Lake Balfour in the summer
 * Boreas River – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town on Route 2.
 * Chain Lakes – A number of connected lakes at the western town line.
 * Hewitt Pond – A lake east of Alden Lair.
 * Irishtown – A hamlet on County Road 24.
 * Leonardsville – A hamlet due east of Minerva on the Trout Brook Rd.
 * Loch Muller – A hamlet northeast of Minerva.
 * Minerva – The hamlet of Minerva is in the southern part of the town on NY-28N. It is primarily a resort village for tourists.
 * Minerva Lake – A small artificial lake east of Minerva village, formed circa 1932 by damming Jones Brook.
 * Mink Lake – A small lake near the southern town line.
 * Moose Pond – A small lake in the northwestern part of Minerva.
 * Moose Pond Club – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Morse Corners – A former community in Minerva, near Minerva village.
 * Northwoods Club – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town, by Mink Lake.
 * Olmstedville – A hamlet southeast of Minerva village on County Road 29. Minerva Central School and station of Minerva Fire & Rescue are located there.
 * Pudding Hollow – A hamlet northwest of Minerva village on NY-28N.
 * Stillwater – A hamlet southeast of Moose Pond Club.

title: Minerva, New York


text:
Mineville-Witherbee, New York

Mineville-Witherbee was a census-designated place in the town of Moriah in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,747 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the area was split into two separate CDPs comprising the hamlets of Mineville (pop. 1,269) and Witherbee (pop. 347). They are located in the northern part of Moriah, northwest of Port Henry. Mineville was named for the iron ore mines that used to operate here.

History
The Witherbee Memorial Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Geography
Mineville-Witherbee is located at 44.08694°N, -73.52444°W (44.086842, -73.524480).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 4.45 sqmi, of which 4.44 sqmi was land and 0.01 sqmi, or 0.22%, was water.

The CDP was located mostly between County Roads 7 and 70 at the junction of County Road 6.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,747 people, 609 households, and 403 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 393.1 PD/sqmi. There were 680 housing units at an average density of 153.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.64% White, 7.21% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.52% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.98% of the population.

There were 609 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 136.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 149.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,579, and the median income for a family was $43,011. Males had a median income of $28,594 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,440. About 6.7% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents

 * Former Major League Baseball pitcher Johnny Podres was born in Witherbee.
 * Raymond R. Wright, awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for meritorious service during the Vietnam War.

title: Mineville-Witherbee, New York


text:
Moriah, New York

Moriah is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. Lying within the Adirondack Park, it is situated in the eastern part of the county, 47 mi by road south-southwest of Burlington, Vermont, 55 mi south of Plattsburgh, 115 mi north of Albany, and 116 mi south of Montreal, Quebec. The population was 4,798 at the 2010 census.

History
This area was inhabited for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. At the time of European encounter, the area was inhabited chiefly by the historic Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk of the Iroquois Confederacy to the west of Lake Champlain, with the Algonquian-speaking Mahican people to the south.

In 1749, French Jesuits attracted numerous Iroquois (mostly Onondaga fleeing warfare in the western part of present-day New York) to a site on the Oswegatchie River near present-day Ogdensburg. The Jesuit priests founded a mission village and fort. The Iroquois were required to convert to Catholicism to live there. The converted Iroquois and their descendants became known as the "Oswegatchie", and were considered "nephews" to the Six Nations of the Iroquois. They were among the Seven Nations of Canada that allied with the French during the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War on the North American front) and with the British during the American Revolutionary War, in part due to their strong trading ties and cultural links. After the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) and British victory, the colonial government granted some of its soldiers land in the region, which was ceded to Britain by the French.

It was not until 1785, after the American Revolutionary War, when most of the Iroquois allies went to Upper Canada with the Loyalists, that the first European-American permanent settlement was made here. At the time, local Native Americans still hunted in the area. They were called the St. Regis and Oswegatchie Indians, although both groups were Catholic Iroquois, primarily Mohawk and Onondaga. Relations were initially friendly, but American settlement patterns pushed the Native Americans from their hunting grounds. (The St. Regis group were Catholic Mohawk who lived at the reserve of Akwesasne, whose territory along the St. Lawrence River included land within the boundaries of both Canada and New York. Today it is recognized in the United States as the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation and in Canada as Akwesasne.)

The Town of Moriah was formed in 1808 from the town of Elizabethtown.

The discovery and mining of iron in the Adirondacks caused a boom in the local economy. This area also processed iron in smelting, and shipped products from Port Henry on Lake Champlain. These operations were conducted from 1824 until 1971. The Iron Center Museum in Port Henry recalls and interprets that past era.

Winter ice-fishing for smelt on the frozen Lake Champlain has been a popular sport for more than a century. Tourists come to join residents in this activity.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 184.2 km2, of which 167.0 km2 is land and 17.1 km2, or 9.31%, is water.

The eastern town line is formed by Lake Champlain and the border of Vermont.

New York State Route 9N is a north-south highway near Lake Champlain. Interstate 87, the Northway, crosses the northwestern corner of Moriah.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,879 people, 1,894 households, and 1,253 families residing in the town. The population density was 75.4 PD/sqmi. There were 2,253 housing units at an average density of 34.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.71% White, 2.79% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.21% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.30% of the population.

There were 1,894 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,903, and the median income for a family was $39,827. Males had a median income of $31,747 versus $21,592 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,721. About 8.5% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Moriah

 * Bartlett Pond - A pond by the northern town line, northeast of Mineville.
 * Bulwagga Bay - A bay of Lake Champlain, southeast of Port Henry.
 * Cheever - An area of Port Henry located north of the village along Route 9N on the way to Westport.
 * Grover Hills - A hamlet north of Moriah Center and immediately south of Mineville at County Road 7 (Plank Road) and Pilfershire Road.
 * Mineville - A hamlet northwest of Port Henry at County Road 7 (Plank Road/Fisher Hill Road) and County Road 6 (Raymond Wright Road).
 * Moriah - The hamlet of Moriah is west of Port Henry at County Road 42 (Tarbell Hill Road) and County Road 7 (Center Road/Moriah Road).
 * Moriah Center - A hamlet north of Moriah on County Road 7 (Plank Road/Center Road) at County Road 4 (Dugway Road/Ensign Pond Road) and County Road 70 (Witherbee Road).
 * Mullen Bay - A bay of Lake Champlain, north of Port Henry by the northern town line.
 * Newport Pond - A 25 acre pond beside County Road 6 (Tracy Road) west of Witherbee, seven miles west northwest of Port Henry. Namesake of a former royal fish pond in Newport, Essex, England.
 * Port Henry - A hamlet (formerly a village) on the shore of Lake Champlain; functions as the economic center of the town.
 * Witherbee - A hamlet near the northern town line and immediately west of Mineville at County Road 70 (Witherbee Road/Dalton Hill Road) and County Road 6 (Raymond Wright Road/Tracy Road).

Notable people

 * Tony Adamowicz, racing driver
 * Robert Garrow, serial killer who murdered several women in the Syracuse area in 1973
 * Johnny Podres, Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher and 1955 World Series MVP. Born in Witherbee.
 * Jonathan Tarbell, born in Moriah, lieutenant-colonel of the 91st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment and promoted to brevet brigadier general of United States Volunteers during the American Civil War.
 * Tom Tyler, early 20th-century film star
 * Raymond R. Wright, Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipient
 * Wallace T. Foote Jr., 19th century US Congressman

title: Moriah, New York


text:
Newcomb, New York

Newcomb is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 436 at the 2010 census.

The town is on the western border of the county. It is 86 mi by road southwest of Plattsburgh, 77 mi southwest of Burlington, Vermont, 110 mi northeast of Utica, 112 mi north-northwest of Albany, and 146 mi south-southwest of Montreal. The town is inside the Adirondack Park and contains the Lake Harris Campground. The town is the largest by area in Essex County.

History
The town lies in an area historically claimed by both Iroquois and Algonquian tribes, and was on the frontier between colonial New York and New France.

The town was settled around 1816. Most of the early industry was devoted to harvesting lumber until the discovery of large iron ore deposits.

The town of Newcomb was established in 1828 from parts of the towns of Minerva and Moriah. It includes the hamlet of Newcomb, but does not contain an incorporated village.

By the end of the 19th century, the town was becoming famous as a sportsman's paradise.

Theodore Roosevelt was informed of the impending death of President William McKinley in September 1901 while hunting and hiking in the town.

Camp Santanoni and the Mount Adams Fire Observation Station, located atop Mount Adams, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 603.9 km2, of which 586.0 km2 is land and 17.9 km2, or 2.96%, is water. The Hudson River officially starts at Henderson Lake in the northeastern part of town and flows southward through the center of town.

The northern part of the western town line is the border of Hamilton County. The western section of the northern town boundary is the border of Franklin County.

New York State Route 28N, an east–west road, is a major highway in Newcomb.

Climate
Newcomb has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with warm summers coupled with cool nights and cold, snowy winters with seasonal snowfall averaging 104.9 in.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 481 people, 211 households, and 140 families residing in the town. The population density was 2.1 people per square mile (0.8/km2). There were 655 housing units at an average density of 2.9 per square mile (1.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.22% White, 0.62% Native American, 0.62% from other races, and 3.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.42% of the population.

There were 211 households, out of which 19.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.5% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 18.9% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 26.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,639, and the median income for a family was $41,875. Males had a median income of $35,750 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,043. About 5.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Newcomb

 * Adirondack Interpretive Center (AIC) – A visitor center that provides environmental education and helps orient visitors to the park.
 * Camp Santanoni – One of the "Great Camps" of the 19th century, currently under restoration. Also known as Santanoni Preserve. On Newcomb Lake.
 * Catlin Lake – A lake partly in the town at the western town line.
 * Goodnow Flow – An artificial lake southwest of Newcomb hamlet.
 * Lake Harris – A lake northeast of Newcomb hamlet.
 * Henderson Lake – A lake north of Tahawus, source and start of the Hudson River.
 * Hudson River Gorge – A valley cut by the Hudson River, south of Newcomb hamlet.
 * Moose Pond – A lake near the western town boundary.
 * Newcomb – The hamlet of Newcomb is situated on NY-28N.
 * Newcomb Lake – A lake in the western part of the town.
 * Perch Pond – A lake east of Tahawus Club.
 * Rich Lake – A lake northwest of Newcomb hamlet.
 * Sanford Lake – A lake located on the Hudson River at Tahawus, a couple miles south of Henderson Lake.
 * Tahawus – A location on County Road 25 in the northern part of the town. This was the site of a major mining and iron smelting operation in the 19th century. It is now a ghost town. Tahawus is also the accepted aboriginal name for Mount Marcy, the highest peak in New York, located outside the town to the east.
 * Tahawus Club – A location east of Newcomb.
 * Trout Pond – A lake east of Tahawus Club.
 * Wolf Pond – A lake near the western town line.

title: Newcomb, New York


text:
North Elba, New York

North Elba is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 7,480 at the 2020 census.

North Elba is on the western edge of the county. It is 57 mi by road southwest of Plattsburgh, 112 mi south-southwest of Montreal, and 138 mi north of Albany. While it is only 59 mi west-southwest of Burlington, Vermont, one would have to either take a ferry across Lake Champlain, or drive around it. The entirety of the village of Lake Placid is located within the boundaries of North Elba, as is part of the village of Saranac Lake.

History
The town was first settled around 1814. In 1840 there were six families in the future North Elba, which was formed from part of the town of Keene in 1849.

The abolitionist John Brown, attracted by the views of local abolitionist Gerrit Smith, came to the town in 1849 to found a community for former black slaves. Smith was trying to resettle free blacks on land in the area, but it was not suitable for family farming. Brown left from his farm for the raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859.

A visitor in 1861 noted that in North Elba there was "a school house, which serves for this purpose, for a church, and a town hall." At that time, when the village of Lake Placid did not exist, a map of 1858 reveals that North Elba was at that time also a hamlet, centered at the intersection of what are today (2021) New York State Route 73 and Adirondack Loj roads. The town and its village, Lake Placid, were the site of the 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics.

Barngalow and the Larom-Welles Cottage were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Notable people

 * John Brown, the famous abolitionist, who was executed after his conviction of treason, sedition, and murder by the state of Virginia, is buried on his family's farm in North Elba, as is his son Watson Brown. Twelve other participants in Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, including his son Oliver, were moved in 1899 to a common grave near Brown's.
 * Melvil Dewey, inventor of the Dewey Decimal System, founded a resort in the town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 405.0 km2, of which 392.8 km2 is land and 12.3 km2, or 3.03%, is water.

Some of the High Peaks of the Adirondack Park are in the southern part of town. The West Branch of the Au Sable River flows out the northeastern corner of the town.

The western town line is the border of Franklin County.

New York State Route 73 and New York State Route 86 are east–west highways in the town that intersect at Lake Placid village.

Sites

 * North Country Community College
 * The Adirondack Scenic Railroad traverses the town
 * John Brown Farm State Historic Site

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,661 people, 2,944 households, and 1,675 families residing in the town. The population density was 57.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3,991 housing units at an average density of 26.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 85.71% White, 10.10% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 1.82% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.51% of the population.

There were 2,944 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 39.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 158.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,329, and the median income for a family was $44,828. Males had a median income of $27,787 versus $23,356 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,259. About 7.3% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in North Elba

 * Buck Island – An island in Lake Placid.
 * Lake Placid – A lake in the north-central part of the town.
 * Lake Placid – A village near the center of the town at the junction of NY-73 and NY-86.
 * Lake Placid Airport (LKP) – A general aviation airport south of Lake Placid village.
 * Mirror Lake – A small lake adjacent to Lake Placid village.
 * Moose Island – An island in Lake Placid north of Buck Island.
 * North Elba – The hamlet of North Elba is southeast of Lake Placid village on NY-73.
 * Ray Brook – A hamlet between Saranac Lake and Lake Placid villages on NY-86.
 * Federal Correctional Institution, Ray Brook – A federal prison near Ray Brook hamlet. It is a medium security facility for male prisoners. During its construction, it was used as an Olympic village for competitors.
 * Round Lake – A small lake, east of North Elba village.
 * Saranac Lake – A village, a part of which is at the western border of the town on NY-86.
 * Timbuctoo (1850–1870) – a failed community of Black farmers, brought there by John Brown
 * Undercliff – A hamlet on the northwestern shore of Lake Placid.
 * Whiteface – A hamlet on the southwestern shore of Lake Placid.

title: North Elba, New York


text:
North Hudson, New York

North Hudson is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 240 at the 2010 census. The town derives its name by being near the northern end of the Hudson River.

The town is in the south-central part of the county and is south of Plattsburgh. North Hudson is within the Adirondack Park.

History
The region was first settled circa 1800. Early pioneers chose the southeastern part of the town.

The town was formed in 1848 from the town of Moriah. Early industry was based on tanning, owing to the presence of hemlock bark from the forests. Later, the trees were harvested for wood pulp.

By the end of the 19th century, the tourist trade began to predominate, especially at Underwood and Elk Lake. The theme park Frontier Town, a Wild West themed family tourist attraction, operated here from 1952 to 1998. The closure of Frontier Town had a severe negative impact on the town's economy. In 2018, Frontier Town reopened as Adirondack campground and day-use area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 478.3 km2, of which 470.0 km2 is land and 8.3 km2, or 1.74%, is water.

Two branches of the Schroon River, a south-flowing tributary of the Hudson River, arise in North Hudson.

The Adirondack Northway (Interstate 87) and U.S. 9 traverse the town as north-south highways. I-87 Exits 29 (North Hudson hamlet) and 30 (US-9) are within the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 266 people, 114 households, and 76 families residing in the town. The population density was 1.5 people per square mile (0.6/km2). There were 279 housing units, at an average density of 1.5 per square mile (0.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.74% White, 1.13% Native American, 0.38% Asian, and 3.76% from two or more races.

There were 114 households, of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were nonfamilies. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,977, and the median family income was $40,833. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,075. About 9.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.5% of those 65 or over.

Communities and locations in North Hudson

 * Blue Ridge — A location west of North Hudson hamlet, on County Road 84.
 * Boreas Ponds — A lake near the western town line.
 * Deadwater — A former community in the town, named after an iron works.
 * Elk Lake — A lake in the northwestern part of the town, on U.S. 9 and the Northway.
 * North Hudson — The hamlet of North Hudson is situated in the southeastern section of the town by the Schroon River at the Northway and U.S. 9.
 * Underwood — A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town located along U.S. 9, just south of I-87 Interchange 30.

title: North Hudson, New York


text:
Port Henry, New York

Port Henry is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,194 at the 2010 census.

Port Henry lies on the eastern side of the town of Moriah and is approximately one hour's drive (52 miles or 84 km) south of Plattsburgh. It is 44 mi by road south-southwest of Burlington, Vermont, 115 mi north of Albany and 113 mi south of Montreal, Quebec.

History
Port Henry is in a tract of land set aside by the British Crown for veterans of the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War). Although a mill was built in 1765, no other European-American settlers arrived until 1785, after the American Revolutionary War.

The Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk and Oswegatchie, members of the Seven Nations of Canada, were still living in the town until after 1800.

Most of the Iroquois from the territory of New York had been resettled in Canada, forced out of New York and the United States due to their alliance with the British during the war. In the early years, timber harvesting was a major industry and 20 mills were located in the area. The first dock was built on Lake Champlain by 1820 for shipping lumber to other ports.

Early settlers discovered iron ore a few miles inland. Its extraction and processing became an important industry in the township for about one hundred and fifty years. A blast furnace constructed in 1822 in Port Henry was one of the first in the United States, and Republic Steel established major operations in the county. The village residents used Lake Champlain and the Hudson River to transport its ore and products to major markets such as Albany and New York City. Later a railroad connected the village to markets.

The village of Port Henry was incorporated in 1869. By the end of the 19th century, residents harvested smelt from the lake for the restaurant trade, by ice fishing. The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Depot, Moriah Town Office Building, Mount Moriah Presbyterian Church, Port Henry Fire Department Building, Sherman Free Library, and Van Ornam & Murdock Block are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Essex County Republication was published in Port Henry in the 19th and early 20th centuries, after which it moved to Keeseville.

Effective March 31, 2017, the Village of Port Henry was dissolved by the result of a public referendum. The village ceased to exist as a municipality. Village operations were absorbed by the Town of Moriah. Port Henry continues to exist as a hamlet within the town.

Geography
Port Henry is located in eastern Essex County at 44.04528°N, -73.46111°W (44.045238, −73.461011), in the eastern part of the town of Moriah. The village is on the western shore of Lake Champlain at the northern end of Bulwagga Bay and is in the Adirondack Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.8 km2, of which 3.0 km2 is land and 0.8 km2, or 20.29%, is water. Port Henry is located on conjoined New York State Route 9N and New York State Route 22 (North/South Main Street) at the junction of County Road 4 (Broad Street).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,152 people, 491 households, and 295 families residing in what was then village. The population density was 958.7 PD/sqmi. There were 596 housing units at an average density of 496.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.66% White, 0.52% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population.

There were 491 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $29,306, and the median income for a family was $40,556. Males had a median income of $34,821 versus $20,703 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,455. About 12.2% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Port Henry, operating its Adirondack daily in both directions between Montreal, Canada and New York City.

A few miles south of Port Henry, the Champlain Bridge was built in 1929, connecting Crown Point to Vermont. In 2009, the bridge was demolished. A temporary ferry service, operated by the Lake Champlain Transportation Company and funded by the states of New York and Vermont, provided access to Vermont until a new bridge (Route 185) at the same location opened in November 2011.

Notable person

 * Tom Tyler (1903–1954), actor in Westerns during the eras of silent and sound films

 * Wallace T. Foote Jr. 19th century US Congressman

Cultural references
Port Henry is mentioned in the song "Two Coins" by the Vermont-based band Dispatch.

title: Port Henry, New York


text:
Schroon, New York

Schroon is a town in the Adirondack Park, in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,880 at the 2020 census. The largest community in the town is the hamlet of Schroon Lake, located at the northern end of the lake of the same name.

The Town of Schroon is in the southern part of Essex County and is north of Albany. The town contains two lakes: the northern two-thirds of 9 mi Schroon Lake, and 5 mi Paradox Lake. The two lakes are connected by the Schroon River, a southward-flowing tributary of the Hudson River.

History
The Town of Schroon was first settled by Europeans in 1804 from part of the Town of Crown Point, north of the current Schroon Lake hamlet, as part of France's colonial holdings south of Quebec. The town was partitioned to form the newer Town of Minerva in 1817. In 1840, part of Schroon was returned to Crown Point. As with other towns of Essex County, the early economy was heavily involved in lumber production. The origination of the name "Schroon" is not precisely known. Some believe it to be derived from a Native American word for "large lake". Others believe it devolved from French soldiers who inhabited the region during the French & Indian Wars. The soldiers were enamored with Madame Scarron (a popular paramour of French King Louis XIV and prior to that the wife of noted French poet/playwright Paul Scarron). In the late 1800s the Village of Schroon became a destination for wealthy families from the NY Metropolitan area. Their trip started in New York City by rail to the town of Riverside, then a stagecoach to Pottersville, and finally aboard a steamer that traveled up the lake to the Village. By 1915, after the introduction of automobiles, people from the cities were flocking to the Schroon Lake region. Capitalizing on this booming tourist trade, grand resorts such as Taylor's on Schroon (later Scaroon Manor), the Leland House and the Brown Swan – along with a number of Adirondack Style Lodges – made Schroon Lake a premier summer vacation spot. Prior to the construction of the Adirondack Northway (Interstate 87), US Route 9 was the major north–south highway between Albany and Montreal, which made Schroon Lake a convenient stopping point for travelers to purchase gas, lodging, and meals.

The Scaroon Manor resort, which closed in 1962, was the site for the 1957 filming of the Warner Brothers movie Marjorie Morningstar, which starred Gene Kelly, Natalie Wood. Carolyn Jones and Ed Wynn. Also featured in the film was Camp Red Wing (though not mentioned by name) on the east side of the lake, from which Wood and Jones depart by canoe at night for their escape to the musical South Winds (Scaroon Manor). Open to the public for many years, the old Scaroon Manor site is now a NY State Campground.

The "Scaroons" is/are mentioned twice in The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper, as a place seen by Hawkeye (Natty Bumppo), Chingachgook and Uncas after they had departed Horicon (the name used by Cooper for Lake George) while traveling northward chasing Magua and his two captives, Cora and Alice Munro. It is unclear from the context in the book whether Cooper is referring to the lake or a chain of mountains, the latter being a more likely interpretation.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 366.2 km2, of which 343.6 km2 is land and 22.6 km2, or 6.17%, is water.

The southern line of Schroon is the border of Warren County. Schroon Lake (the water body) lies in both Essex and Warren counties.

The Adirondack Northway (Interstate 87) passes through the center of the town of Schroon. Access is from Exits 27 and 28. US Route 9 runs parallel to the Interstate. New York State Route 74, an east–west highway, intersects US-9 and the Interstate at Exit 28, west of Severance.

Schroon is approximately 240 mi by highway north of New York City, 130 mi south of Montreal, and 66 mi southwest of Burlington, Vermont.

Schroon has an airfield with a 3000 ft runway that is capable of landing small- and medium-size private airplanes.

The Schroon River flows into the town across the northern town line and flows out across the southern town line towards the Hudson River.

In the town, there are many state hiking trails, some leading to the Hoffman Notch Wilderness area.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,759 people, 737 households, and 473 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.2 people per square mile (5.1/km2). There were 2,130 housing units at an average density of 16.0 per square mile (6.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was White, 98.98% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.

There were 737 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,054, and the median income for a family was $36,579. Males had a median income of $29,821 versus $20,298 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,302. About 8.5% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Schroon

 * The Arlington House – A bed and breakfast in the early 20th century, this 18-bedroom house is a giant in the town.
 * Clarks Island — An island in Schroon Lake near Schroon Lake hamlet. The Native American name was Caywanoot. Called Magdalen Island in 1798, and later Islobella, and most recently Word of Life Island, after the current owner. The home of a youth camp operated by Word of Life Fellowship.
 * Loch Muller — A hamlet near the western town line.
 * The Narrows - A constricted part of Schroon Lake near South Schroon Lake.
 * Paradox - A hamlet near the eastern town line on NY-74, and at the eastern end of Paradox Lake.
 * Paradox Lake — A lake located in Schroon by the hamlet of Severance.
 * Schroon Falls — A location near the northern town boundary on U.S. Route 9.
 * Schroon Lake – A lake located in the south-central portion of the town and extending south into Warren County.
 * Schroon Lake – A hamlet on the northwest end of the lake. The town government is located here on the western side of Schroon Lake on US-9. Talichito was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
 * Schroon Lake Airport (4B7) - A general aviation airport, located northeast of Schroon Lake hamlet.
 * Schroon Lake Loop — A hamlet south of Schroon Lake hamlet on US-9.
 * Schroon River — A river that flows into the northern end of Schroon Lake.
 * Severance — A hamlet in the northern part of the town on NY-74, at the west end of Paradox Lake. It is home to several clusters of rental homes and permanent residences. The Samson Fried Estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
 * South Schroon Lake — A hamlet near the southern end of the lake on US-9.
 * The Three Bears — a private community on the eastern side of the lake.

Local attractions
Schroon Lake (43.78028°N, -73.77778°W) is located in the towns of Schroon and Horicon, and is a year-round tourist destination, with boating, swimming and fishing in the summer and snowmobiling, snowshoeing and ice fishing in the winter; hiking and hunting are popular in the fall and spring.

Each September, hundreds of runners compete in the Adirondack Marathon, which finishes in downtown Schroon Lake. The roads around the lake constitute an almost perfect 26 mile distance.

Schroon's main street is US 9, which offers restaurants, antique and collectible shops, a movie theater and churches. The Town of Schroon maintains public docks in the village area, which makes the shops and restaurants accessible to boaters. Schroon has two free municipal boat launches. New York State has public campsites on Schroon Lake and Paradox Lake.

Schroon Lake is the summer home of the Seagle Festival (formerly Seagle Music Colony). It is also home to Schroon-North Hudson Historical Museum, Natural Stone Bridge & Caves, and a 9-hole golf course located on Hoffman Road. Along with these, there are a few local restaurants and bars.

Schroon Lake is the home of the Word of Life Bible Institute, as well as family and youth camps and programs. The town is also the home of Camp Southwoods, a traditional, co-ed, resident camp on Paradox Lake.

title: Schroon, New York


text:
St. Armand, New York

St. Armand is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,446 at the 2020 census. The town was named by an early settler for Saint-Armand, Quebec, in Canada.

The town of St. Armand is in the northwestern corner of the county and is southwest of Plattsburgh.

History
The town was first settled circa 1829. The early industry was based on lumber production. After most of the trees were harvested, farming became predominant. Because the town was set at the conjunction of five roads, including New York Route 3, it became an active community.

The town was set off from the town of Wilmington in 1844.

By the end of the 19th century, the town had become the locale for sanatoria intended for tuberculosis (TB) cures. Dr. Edward Trudeau, in 1884, was one of the first to establish a sanatorium within the town, near the village of Saranac Lake.

Notable person

 * Robert Louis Stevenson, author, spent one year in St. Armand for a TB cure

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 148.8 km2, of which 146.4 km2 is land and 2.4 km2, or 1.63%, is water.

The northern and eastern town lines are the border of Franklin County. The town is in the Adirondack Park. The Saranac River flows through the northwestern part of St. Armand.

New York State Route 3 passes through the western part of the town.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,321 people, 543 households and 349 families residing in the town. The population density was 23.4 per square mile (9.0/km2). There were 689 housing units at an average density of 12.2 per square mile (4.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.43% White, 0.38% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population.

There were 543 households, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.04.

Age distribution was 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median household income was $39,500, and the median family income was $51,250. Males had a median income of $36,696 versus $23,828 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,828. About 4.0% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in St. Armand

 * Bloomingdale – A hamlet near the northern town line on NY-3. The community was founded circa 1852.
 * Camp Woodsmoke – A youth camp formerly located at the northern end of Lake Placid.
 * Franklin Falls Pond – A wide part of the Saranac River at the northern town boundary.
 * Lake Placid – A small part of the northern end of the lake is within the town.
 * Moose Pond – A small lake in the western part of St. Armand.
 * Saranac Lake – A small part of the village of Saranac Lake is in the southeastern part of the town.
 * St. Armand – A location near the northern town line on NY-3.
 * Trudeau – A hamlet northeast of Saranac Lake village on NY-3, named for Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau.

title: St. Armand, New York