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Hazel Park, Michigan

Hazel Park is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Hazel Park borders Detroit to the north, roughly 10 mi north of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,983.

Hazel Park was incorporated as a city in 1941 and bills itself as The Friendly City. From 1949 to 2018, it was the site of the Hazel Park Raceway, considered a high-quality facility originally used for both Thoroughbred and Standardbred racing. From 1985 on, the track ran only harness races. After 1996, it also provided simulcasts of races year round from across North America, with betting allowed on these races at the track facilities.

History
This area was long occupied by indigenous peoples, with such historic and current tribes as the Potawatomi and others known to European fur traders and colonists from the 17th century.

In the later 19th century, as westward migration increased from the eastern United States to the Great Lakes territories, this area was settled by European Americans. They first developed it for agriculture. In October 1882, a group of farmers gathered to organize the community's first school. They built a one-room school in 1883 and later expanded it to two rooms. In 1884, John W. Benjamine petitioned the state of Michigan to form a school district from Royal Oak Township. Benjamine, who was School Inspector for Royal Oak Township, named it Hazel Park School District 8, after the abundant hazelnut bushes in the area.

In 1920, the Thomas W. Lacey School, was built on present-day Woodruff Avenue. The first Hazel Park school had been sold to Frank Neusius, who used it as a barber shop and neighborhood grocery.

Given a rapid increase in this period of the number of school-age children as population grew, the school district soon added four grade schools. It built a larger building at the central location, also called the Lacey School. This became the site for high school students. With further postwar population growth, Hazel Park High School was built. The former high school at John R and 9 Mile Roads was used as Lacey Junior High School.

Hazel Park's growth was stimulated by the expansion of jobs at the Ford Motor Company, based in nearby Highland Park. Hospitals, offices and shops were developed in the area of 9 Mile Road. The electric Stephenson Line was a convenient way for commuters to travel by trolley to Highland Park and Detroit. In 1924, Hazel Park installed its first traffic light, was granted a post office, and established a Deputy Sheriff's office. The city was incorporated in 1941.

During the 1930s and 1940s, rallies and community events helped the city during the Great Depression and the years of World War II. Large parts of the auto industry were converted to production of defense-related goods, and thousands of people migrated into the area for new jobs. After the city's incorporation, it improved the infrastructure and provided running water to all areas.

In 1942, the Elias Brothers, John, Fred and Louis Elias, established a diner in Hazel Park. The Dixie Drive-In was one of the first in the Midwest to offer curbside services. In 1952, the diner was franchised as a Big Boy restaurant. Louis Elias was elected as Mayor of Hazel Park, serving two terms from 1953 to 1961. The Elias brothers continued to open Big Boy restaurants throughout the Metro Detroit area and in 1983 purchased the franchiser.

With the return of thousands of soldiers from World War II, housing demand was very high in the area. It stimulated a boom in construction. Many of the current bungalows in the city were built shortly after the war.

Hazel Park Raceway opened for thoroughbred horse racing in 1949. It was considered a state-of-the-art facility. Harness racing was added in 1953. In 1950 the Detroit Race Course opened in Livonia, Michigan, to the north of Detroit, offering competition with both flat and harness racing. In 1996 the state legislature approved onsite betting at racetracks for simulcast events, and the track was opened year round for patrons to view on racing events from across North America. In 2018 the profitable Hazel Park track was closed after being sold. The new owner wanted to use the large property to develop new warehouse space for an Amazon distribution center.

In 1966 the Interstate 75 (I-75) freeway was fully completed through Hazel Park, as part of the postwar highway construction subsidized by the federal government. It superseded Stephenson Highway, now used as a service drive. Similarly, I-696 was constructed through the neighboring city of Madison Heights in 1979; it joins the two freeways and creating a busy junction with I-75, part of which extends into Hazel Park's north end.

Architecture
Hazel Park is dominated by domestic architecture of the post-World War II era. Many of the city's houses were built in the Cape Cod bungalow style, shortly after World War Two, and have a second story encompassed in the home's roofing.

Michigan bungalows are also common in the city. These houses were originally built during the 1920s and 1930s and can often be found near the downtown area.

Ranch houses became a popular style, and were builtin the northern neighborhoods during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Older ranch houses were often built with aluminum siding, whereas newer ones, such as the ones built in the Courts, were built in brick or stone.

Front split-level and side split-level houses are not common in the city. However, back split houses - split-levels with the second story built into the back - are common in the southern portion of the city near the 8 Mile border. This style of home is often the result of additions built onto one-story bungalows and ranch houses.

Colonial houses are more rare in the city, but are scattered throughout different neighborhoods. These houses are often built in brick and usually resemble urban Tudor houses. Some are built in stone, often more common north of 9 Mile Road. Others are built in the Traditional Tudor style.

New development homes are extremely common in the city. They can be seen on many blocks of Hazel Park, and often range from two-story snout houses to detached single-family brownstones. Many of these houses are built in the Neo-eclectic style.

Neighborhoods
Residential areas make up the majority of the city and are in most cases located in sub-divisions located off main roads. Hazel Park was originally laid out in a grid from 1900 to 1925. East-west streets ran from Dequindre Road to Hilton Road on the western edge of the city (now the independent city of Ferndale); and north-south streets ran from Nine Mile Road to Woodward Heights Boulevard.

While largely retained, the grid has also been modified through the decades. Dead-end streets became increasingly common in the northeast area of the city after the construction of Karam Park and Longfellow Elementary school, which cut off the streets stemming from Vassar Avenue north of Woodward Heights Boulevard. Other dead-end streets occur at the borders of the properties for Webster Elementary, Ford Elementary, and Saint Justin's Catholic Church.

Economy
The business districts developed along the city's main thoroughfares. Hazel Park's central business district (CBD) developed around the intersection of John R. Road and Nine Mile Road. This CBD contains the city's municipal buildings, two shopping centers, and a high-rise apartment complex. The first Harmony House music store opened in Hazel Park's Central Business District in 1947.

John R. Road serves as the main small business thoroughfare; the majority of the road is zoned for local business use. Small shopping centers, office parks, and sidewalk access stores are characteristic of the John R. corridor through the city. Nine Mile Road has a more suburban assortment of businesses, many of which are restaurants, churches, and slightly larger shopping centers. Eight Mile Road, Dequindre Road, and Ten Mile Road are also well-traveled, industry-related thoroughfares.

Government
Hazel Park has a Council-Manager form of government. It is governed by an elected City Council consisting of a mayor and four council members. The city council appoints a City Manager, who manages the day-to-day operations of the city. The current mayor of Hazel Park is Michael Webb, who succeeded Jeffrey Keeton. Jan Parisi, the city's first woman mayor, resigned in 2016 due to health-and family-related reasons.

Current city council members are Alissa Sullivan, who also serves as Mayor Pro Tem, Andy LeCureaux, Luke Londo, and Mike McFall. The current city manager is Edward Klobucher. City government is located on the same block as the public library, police station, and post office, at 9 Mile Road and John R. Road.

Crime
The crime rate in Hazel Park is low. The crime rate in the city in 2003 was 83.5% of the national average. In 2008, larceny theft made up 43.8% of the city's crime. In 2008 the violent crime rate declined by 57% from what it was in 2000. In contrast, the property crime rate rose 4.6% in the same time period. Specifically, the decrease has been in forcible rape and robbery crimes; and a slight increase in burglary and arson.

Hazel Park has the sixth-highest car theft rate in the state, and the 52nd-highest in the country. Vehicles built before 1992 are common targets, as are expensive vehicles, luxury SUVs, and minivans.

The Hazel Park Police Department has a force of 42 full-time police officers. The department has auxiliary policing and neighborhood watch programs available to citizens ages 21 and over. The police department offers programs such as gun lock giveaways, house watch programs, and programs to put a child up for adoption in case the parent is not capable of raising the child.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.82 sqmi, all land.

Hazel Park is adjacent to the cities of Detroit to the south, Ferndale to the west, Royal Oak to the northwest, Madison Heights to the north, and Warren to the east. The city is bordered by 10 Mile Road to the north, I-696 at its northwest corner, Dequindre Road (the Oakland-Macomb county line) to the east, 8 Mile Road (M-102) to the south, and West End Street, Pilgrim Avenue, and Lenox Street to the west.

Demographics
The median income for a household in the city in 2008 was $40,403, and the median income for a family was $49,448. The per capita income for the city was $19,390. About 10.0% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or older.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 16,422 people, 6,641 households, and 3,999 families residing in the city. The population density was 5823.4 PD/sqmi. There were 7,611 housing units at an average density of 2698.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.8% White, 6.8% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 2.7% of the population.

There were 6,641 households, of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.7% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.8% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.13.

The median age in the city was 36.1 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.5% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census
In 2000, there were 7,284 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the city, 27.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.5% was from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males.

73.1% of all households in Hazel Park were family households. 20.9% of all households were married couple families with children. 10.6% were single-mother families.

The census reported the city as 81.1% White, 9.7% African American, 0.90% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.90% from other races, and 4.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 2.7% of the population.

The top reported ancestries in the city were German (18.6%), Irish (14.8%), Polish (10.3%), English (9.7%), French (6.0%) and Italian (4.1%) Italian. French Canadians (3.6%), Scottish (3%), Arab (2.5%) and Dutch (1.6%). The city has the second-largest proportion of Native American residents in Oakland County, after Keego Harbor.

In 2000, 7.2% of Hazel Park citizens were foreign born. 9.7% reported speaking a language other than English.

As of the 2000 Census, the median income for a household in the city was $37,045, and the median income for a family was $43,584. Males had a median income of $33,063 versus $24,362 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,723.

Primary and secondary schools
The city is served by the Hazel Park School District, which has some establishments in Ferndale, a neighboring city. There are three elementary schools operating in the city of Hazel Park.

The northern portion of the city is served by Webb Elementary, while the southern portion is served by United Oaks Elementary and Hoover Elementary. Multiple other elementary schools once operated in the city, including Roosevelt, Lee O. Clark, Longfellow, Henry Ford, Webster, and Edison Elementaries. Webster was closed as an elementary school at the end of the 2014 school year, but remains open for the Preschool program. Lee O. Clark has since been demolished, and Henry Ford has been converted into the School District Administration Building. Henry Ford also serves as an alternative education facility for students K-8 called Advantage, and a program called Breakfast Club for high school students. There is one high school and one middle school operating in Hazel Park. Hazel Park has followed a recent trend in Metro Detroit suburbs by the consolidation of its middle schools. Formerly, two separate schools, Webb Junior High and Beecher Middle School, operated in the city. Webb was converted to an elementary school in 2004, and Beecher was torn down and re-built, commissioned as Hazel Park Junior High.

High schools in Hazel Park began with the construction of Lacey High School in 1920 and Hazel Park High School in 1929. Lacey High was demolished in the early 1960s, and the Hazel Park High School was re-commissioned as Howard Beecher Junior High. In 1961, a new high school was built in the eastern portion of the city, taking the name of Hazel Park High School.

Jardon Vocational School is also in operation in order to separate special needs students from the mainstream curriculum and serves as a high school. The school operates mainly in the Hazel Park-Ferndale-Pleasant Ridge area, but also serves the rest of Oakland County, especially the south east.

The high school had an average score of 10.3 on the state's MEAP test in 2011. This was one of the lowest scores in Oakland County.

Notable people

 * Connor Barwin, NFL defensive end; born in Southfield and grew up in Hazel Park
 * Steve Fraser, 1984 Olympic wrestling gold medalist, coached at the University of Michigan
 * James R. Fouts, current mayor of Warren, Michigan; father served as Hazel Park City Manager
 * Myles Jury, UFC featherweight contender
 * Archie McCardell, CEO of International Harvester 1977-82
 * Shane Morris, quarterback for Warren De La Salle and the University of Michigan
 * Joe Roa, MLB pitcher for Cleveland Indians and Minnesota Twins
 * Jack Scott, Canadian-born singer who grew up in Hazel Park
 * Terry Thomas, graduate of Hazel Park High School, drafted by the Detroit Pistons in 1975
 * Bill Virdon, MLB outfielder and manager for several teams; 1955 National League Rookie of the Year and 1960 World Series champion; born in Hazel Park
 * Bob Welch, pitcher for Los Angeles Dodgers and Oakland Athletics, NL and AL All-Star, 1990 AL Cy Young Award winner with the A's, pitching coach for Arizona Diamondbacks, 1974 graduate of Hazel Park High School
 * Robert Wyland, known for his mural paintings of whales and dolphins, attended Hoover Elementary School, which has a Wyland mural in its library

Hazel Park in popular culture

 * Scenes in the movie Youth in Revolt were filmed in and around Hazel Park.
 * Two novels, Band Fags! (2008) and Drama Queers! (2009), written by Hazel Park native Frank Anthony Polito, take place in Hazel Park during the 1980s. Both books feature key scenes set at Hazel Park High School. Polito released his latest novel also set in Hazel Park during 2012 and 1994 called Lost in the '90s. The book was released in April 2012 from Polito's own imprint, Woodward Avenue Books.

Transportation

 * provides a connection to neighboring cities such as Royal Oak and Detroit and other major cities in the United States
 * is a major thoroughfare near the city
 * John R. Road provides access to Detroit, Madison Heights and the Oakland Mall
 * Dequindre Road provides access to Warren, Sterling Heights, Detroit and Universal Mall
 * provides access to the former site of the Michigan State Fair, Detroit, Warren, Ferndale and other communities in Oakland, Macomb and Wayne counties.

title: Hazel Park, Michigan


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Highland Township, Oakland County, Michigan

Highland Township, officially the Charter Township of Highland, is a charter township of west Oakland County, Michigan. The population was 19,172 at the time of the 2020 census.

Highland Township is a western suburb of Metro Detroit and is located about 18 mi west of the city of Pontiac and about 45 mi northwest of the city of Detroit.

Highland Township was founded by pioneer families in 1835. A major factor in the development of Highland was the railroad, which allowed lumber to be transported cheaply, and allowed products from the township's early factories to be exported easily. In 2003, in an effort to retain its rural character, as well as preserve its extensive equestrian heritage, Highland declared itself an "equestrian community" and began active support and encouragement of the equestrian presence and related development in the township. In 2006, thanks in large part to the efforts of the Highland Equestrian Conservancy, Highland Township received official recognition by the state government as Michigan's first designated equestrian community.

Communities
While there are no incorporated villages in the township, there are six unincorporated communities:
 * Clyde is located at Milford and Clyde Roads (42.68083°N, -83.61806°W Elevation: 1033 ft./315 m.). Clyde had a Post Office from May 2, 1872, to February 22, 1968. The community also had a rail station. Clyde was platted in 1875.
 * East Highland is located at Duck Lake and Highland Roads(42.655°N, -83.57167°W Elevation: 1050 ft./320 m.).
 * Hickory Ridge is located at Hickory Ridge and Clyde Roads (42.67972°N, -83.665°W Elevation: 1112 ft./339 m.).
 * Highland is located along Livingston Road between Highland and Eleanor Roads (Western point: 42.6375°N, -83.63°W Eastern point: 42.63806°N, -83.61722°W Elevation: 1014 ft./309 m.).
 * Seven Harbors is located on Duck Lake Road between White Lake and Wardlow Roads and Duck Lake and White Lake (42.67194°N, -83.57222°W Elevation: 1030/314 m.).
 * West Highland is located at Hickory Ridge and Highland Roads (42.63611°N, -83.66222°W Elevation: 1014 ft./309 m.).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.18 sqmi, of which 34.11 sqmi is land and 2.07 sqmi (5.73%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 19,169 people, 6,786 households, and 5,374 families residing in the township. The population density was 570.2 per square mile (220.1/km2). There were 7,179 housing units at an average density of 213.5 per square mile (82.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.42% White, 0.30% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.25% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.27% of the population.

There were 6,786 households, out of which 41.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.17.

The age distribution was as follows:29.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $62,805, and the median income for a family was $70,286. Males had a median income of $50,944 versus $29,867 for females. The per capita income for the township was $25,484. About 3.8% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Huron Valley Schools has its headquarters in Highland Township. Milford High School is located in the township.

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Holly, Michigan

Holly is a village in north Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,997 at the 2020 census. The village is located within Holly Township. It is about 15 mi south of Flint and 55 mi northwest of Detroit.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.04 sqmi, of which 2.76 sqmi (90.79%) is land and 0.28 sqmi (9.21%) is water.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, There were 5,997 people, 2,845 households, and 1514 families living in the village. The population density was 2,118.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the village was 91.0% White, 1.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0% Asian, and 5.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 2,845 households, of which 18.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age of the village was 44.4 years. 38.3% of the residents were under 18; 11.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 34.5% were from 25 to 44; and 17.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,086 people, 2,453 households, and 1,538 families living in the village. The population density was 2205.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,703 housing units at an average density of 979.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.0% White, 1.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.6% of the population.

There were 2,453 households, of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.3% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the village was 36.3 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,135 people, 2,412 households, and 1,565 families living in the village. The population density was 2,204.6 PD/sqmi. There were 2,509 housing units at an average density of 901.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.14% White, 1.29% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.31% of the population.

There were 2,412 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 35.6% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $46,436, and the median income for a family was $54,344. Males had a median income of $42,037 versus $27,078 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,988. About 4.3% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
As at February 2024, Holly Academy was a K-8 charter school with a roll of 586, authorized and supported by Central Michigan University.

Tourism
Holly is the site of the Annual Holly Dickens Festival, as well as the Michigan Renaissance Festival, which was the main shooting location for the romantic comedy film All's Faire in Love (2009).

Holly is the starting point of the Shiawassee River Heritage Water Trail at WaterWorks Park.

Mount Holly, a large ski/snowboard resort in southeastern Michigan, is located 3 mi northeast of the village in Groveland Township. Nearby is the state-owned Holly Recreation Area.

Crapo Park, named after Michigan Governor Henry H. Crapo (1804–1869), located near the junction of the CSX Saginaw Subdivision and Canadian National Railway's Holly Subdivision, is a popular viewing location for railfans. Both lines were formerly served by Holly's small (now abandoned) Holly Union Depot, built-in 1886. A nonprofit group is currently attempting to restore the neglected building to its former glory.

The town of Holly was featured as a campaign stop in the Clint Eastwood political action thriller film In The Line Of Fire (1993).

News and media
Holly is served by the Tri-County Times for print news, and the Oakland County Times for online news.

Notable people

 * James E. Church Jr., who developed the Mount Rose snow sampler
 * Karl W. Richter, Vietnam War Air Force pilot who, at 23, became the youngest pilot in that conflict to shoot down a MiG in air-to-air combat, and awarded numerous medals for valor including the Air Force Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross and Purple Heart
 * Andrew Anderson, professional ten-pin bowler
 * Elissa Slotkin, Congresswoman for Michigan's 7th congressional district
 * Stan Boyd, racing driver

title: Holly, Michigan


text:
Holly Township, Michigan

Holly Township is a civil township of Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 12,006 at the 2020 census.

Communities
In addition to the incorporated village in the Township, there are two unincorporated communities within the Township:
 * The village of Holly is located within the township.
 * Newark is located in the northern part of the township at the rail tracks and Belford Road (42.86°N, -83.62528°W).
 * Five Points is adjacent to Holly Village on Rood and Grange Hall Roads just south of where Quick and Fagan Roads merger to become Rood Road (42.81389°N, -83.61028°W Elevation: 928 ft./283 m.).

History
Holly was the last of Oakland County's townships to be organized. It was organized on 6 March 1838.

Holly's oldest cemetery, Oak Hill Cemetery, was established around Holly's incorporation as a Township. There are veterans from every major war interred at Oak Hill, dating back to the Revolutionary War. Many of the founding families of the Holly area are also buried at Oak Hill, as well as Holly's historic 'sister cemetery', Lakeside Cemetery.

Around 1900 Holly reached the pinnacle of socioeconomic growth. Having taken full advantage of the booming rail industry, Holly found itself at the hub of rail transit between Flint, Pontiac and Saginaw, as well as east–west transit from Lansing to Port Huron. To this day trains have a profound effect on Holly's economy and social life.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.42 sqmi, of which 34.48 sqmi is land and 1.94 sqmi (5.33%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,037 people, 3,733 households, and 2,639 families residing in the township. The population density was 288.2 PD/sqmi. There were 3,926 housing units at an average density of 112.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 94.51% White, 2.20% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.83% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.88% of the population.

There were 3,733 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $52,865, and the median income for a family was $60,783. Males had a median income of $46,943 versus $28,535 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,370. About 4.6% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
Holly Township is also home to the Great Lakes National Cemetery. Accessible recreation areas include Seven Lakes State Park, Holly Recreation Area, Groveland Oaks, Rose Oaks, Lakeside Park, Ganshaw Park and Holdridge Lakes Mountain Bike Trails.

Those looking for campgrounds may find outdoor locations provided by Seven Lakes State Park and Groveland Oaks. Popular events for campers include Holly's regionally accredited Independence Day Celebration and Michigan Renaissance Festival.

News and media
Holly Township is served by the Tri-County Times for print news.

title: Holly Township, Michigan


text:
Huntington Woods, Michigan

Huntington Woods is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit on the Woodward Corridor, Huntington Woods is located roughly 12 mi northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 6,238.

Huntington Woods is situated along the Woodward Corridor (M-1) and is bounded by Ten and Eleven Mile Roads to the north and south and by Woodward and Coolidge Highway to the east and west. The city is widely known as the "City of Homes", as it consists mostly of residences. Rackham Golf Course is located along the southern end of the city. The western portion of the Detroit Zoo is located within the city limits and is a contributor to its tax base.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.47 sqmi, all land. Rackham Golf Course, owned by the city of Detroit, makes up 20% (0.3 square miles) of the total area of the city.

Huntington Woods is adjacent to the cities of Pleasant Ridge to the southeast, Oak Park to the south and west, Royal Oak to the east, and Berkley to the north.

Huntington Woods is bordered to the south by 10 Mile Road/I-696, to the west by Coolidge Highway, to the east by Woodward Avenue (M-1), Hendrie Boulevard, York Road, Dundee Road, and Hereford Road, and to the north by 11 Mile Road.

Demographics
Huntington Woods has the highest percentage of Jews of any municipality in the state. 65% of households in the 48070 zip code — which covers all of Huntington Woods and the small portion of the uninhabited Detroit Zoo in Royal Oak — identified as Jewish.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,238 people, 2,354 households, and 1,784 families living in the city. The population density was 4243.5 PD/sqmi. There were 2,429 housing units at an average density of 1652.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.0% White, 1.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 2,354 households, of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.9% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.2% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age in the city was 42 years. 27.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 13.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,151 people, 2,381 households, and 1,802 families living in the city. The population density was 4,196.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,416 housing units at an average density of 1,648.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.96% White, 0.68% African American, 0.05% Native American, 1.41% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population. There were 2,381 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.2% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $87,086, and the median income for a family was $97,055. Males had a median income of $73,750 versus $43,565 for females. The per capita income for the city was $45,264. About 1.8% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
All residents live within Berkley School District boundaries.

Many residents also attend local private schools, such as University of Detroit Jesuit High School, Detroit Country Day School, Shrine Catholic High School, The Roeper School, Farber Hebrew Day School, Hillel Day School, Cranbrook-Kingswood School, Brother Rice High School, and Mercy High School.

Notable people

 * Kristen Bell, actress
 * Danny Fenster, American journalist formerly imprisoned in Myanmar on charges of incitement and sedition by that country's military junta
 * Rachel Jacobs, social entrepreneur
 * Angela Povilaitis, former assistant attorney general who led the prosecution of Larry Nassar
 * Jef Mallett, artist and writer of the syndicated comic strip Frazz, current resident
 * Ellen Lipton, American politician and former Democratic member of the Michigan State House of Representatives
 * Ellen Sandweiss, actress
 * Andy Levin Former United States Congressman
 * Sander Levin Former United States Congressman, Residence for most of adult life, until moving to Royal Oak in 2000.
 * Justin Wedes, community activist and social entrepreneur, co-founder of Occupy Wall Street
 * Jan van der Marck, Dutch-born American museum administrator, curator, and art historian, he lived in Huntington Woods for more than 20 years.

title: Huntington Woods, Michigan


text:
Independence Township, Michigan

Independence Township is a charter township of Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 36,686 at the 2020 census.

Independence Township was first organized in 1834. The township surrounds the city of Clarkston, but the two are administered autonomously after Clarkston incorporated as a city in 1992. The township is home to the Pine Knob Music Theatre and the Pine Knob Ski Resort.

History
The first settlers arrived in Independence Township in the mid-1820s and early 1830s, primarily from New Jersey and New York. The first settler to purchase and settle land in the township was John W. Beardslee (b. 1799, d. 1883), from Sussex County, New Jersey.

Independence Township was named by one of its earliest settlers, Joseph Van Sycle, who came to the area in 1834 from Independence Township, New Jersey.

While initially the township was primarily agricultural, the many lakes in the area were beginning to draw vacationers out of Detroit and other cities. In 1851, the railroad came through Clarkston, which prompted hotels to be built in the township to accommodate the resort vacationers coming to the area. The invention of the automobile had a tremendous effect on Independence Township. Roads that were once Native American trails were paved and widened for this new mode of transportation. The old Saginaw Trail, now known as Dixie Highway, was paved as early as 1920, and Main Street (M-15) in Clarkston was paved around 1922.

The expanding national highway system brought I-75 through Independence Township in 1962, spurring both business and residential development. Many farms gave way to subdivisions and strip malls as Independence Township continued evolving into part of Metropolitan Detroit.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.30 sqmi, of which 34.99 sqmi is land and 1.31 sqmi (3.61%) is water.

The township is part of the Metro Detroit area and is 45 mi northwest of Detroit.

Major highways

 * runs diagonally east–west through the southern portion of the township and has two access points at exit 89 (Sashabaw Road) and exit 91 (M-15).
 * runs briefly south–north through the southwest corner of the township and has its eastern terminus just to the west in Springfield Township.
 * runs north beginning at Dixie Highway and passes through the city of Clarkston. It is known as Main Street near Clarkston and Ortonville Road north of Clarkston.

Education
Independence Township is primarily serviced by the Clarkston Community Schools.

In 2016, Clarkston High School had an enrollment of 1,930 students in grade nine through twelve. The school is located at 6093 Flemings Lake Road in Independence Township.

Clarkston High School offers twenty-six varsity sports, and competes in the Oakland Activities Association. It is a member of the Michigan High School Athletic Association.

Renaissance High School is located at 6558 Waldon Road in Independence Township. Renaissance High School is for students in grades 9 to 12 who need an alternative to the traditional high school setting in order to be successful. Renaissance students must meet Clarkston High School graduation requirements and receive a Clarkston High School diploma. Renaissance students are encouraged to participate in athletics, clubs and extracurricular activities offered at Clarkston High School. Renaissance students can also take courses at the Oakland Schools Campus, whose Northwest campus is also located in the township at 8211 Big Lake Road.

Clarkston Junior High School is located at 6595 Waldon Road in Clarkston. The school teaches eight and ninth grades.

Sashabaw Middle School is located at 5565 Pine Knob Lane in Independence Township. The school teaches sixth and seventh grades.

There are five public elementary schools in Independence Township:
 * Bailey Lake Elementary School
 * Clarkston Elementary School
 * Independence Elementary School
 * North Sashabaw Elementary School
 * Pine Knob Elementary School

Everest Academy and High School is a private Roman Catholic high school also located in the township at 5935 Clarkston Road in Independence Township. The school competes athletically in the Catholic High School League and is a member of the Michigan High School Athletic Association.

Golf
Independence Township is home to three public golf courses; Fountains Golf Club, an 18-hole course located at 6060 Maybee Road in Independence Township, Pine Knob Golf Club, a 27-hole course, located at 5580 Waldon Road in Independence Township, and Shepherd's Hollow Golf Club, a 27- hole championship course rated 42nd best golf course in the United States by Golf Magazine. It is located at 9085 Big Lake Road in Independence Township.

Oakhurst Golf and Country Club is a private club, located at 7000 Oakhurst Lane in Independence Township. Oakhurst was the home of the 99th Michigan Amateur

Skiing and music
Pine Knob is a ski resort located in Independence Township. It features 17 trails and 12 lifts. It is known for its slope called "The Wall".

Pine Knob is also home to the Pine Knob Music Theatre, an outdoor amphitheater concert venue that has featured hundreds of celebrities and is always one of the highest grossing outdoor amphitheaters in the United States. It is located in Independence Township minutes away from downtown Clarkston.

Hills and lakes
Independence Township is located along the Hillsdale-Lapeer Moraine Range. The highest hill along that range in Independence Township is Pine Knob, at 1,221 feet. It is also the highest point in Southeastern Michigan. Only three miles away is Waterford Hill, the second highest hill in Independence Township with an elevation of 1,150 feet. Atop Waterford Hill is Olympus Circle, the highest elevation of any residential street in Independence Township.

The Clinton River winds its way through Independence Township creating more than thirty named lakes of all sizes along the way.

Demographics
The population of Independence Township was 34,681 at the 2010 census.

In Independence Township in 2010, there were:
 * 11,765 households
 * 9,094 families
 * 12,375 housing units
 * 95.84% White
 * 1.22% Asian
 * 0.84% African American
 * 0.24% Native American
 * 2.75 was the average household size
 * 3.14 was the average family size
 * 27.7% under the age of 18
 * 6.9% from 18 to 24
 * 31.7% from 25 to 44
 * 25.7% from 45 to 64
 * 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older
 * $74,992 was the median income

Notable people
This list includes people from the area (Clarkston and Independence Township).
 * Valerie Bertinelli, actress
 * Tim Birtsas, former MLB player
 * Dan Dickerson, radio play-by-play broadcaster for the Detroit Tigers
 * Dane Fife, former Indiana University basketball player and current assistant coach at Michigan State University
 * Henry Ford, industrialist and founder of the Ford Motor Company. Maintained a summer home and weekend cottage on Main Street. Ford also owned a mill which operated on the water from what is now called "Mill Pond" in Clarkston. This building still exists in part but has been modernized into a small mall which includes art galleries and office space. He also purchased the old school building on N. Main St. to serve as an apprentice school.
 * John Hardon, Jesuit priest, theologian
 * Steve Howe, former MLB pitcher, 1980 NL Rookie of the Year (LA Dodgers)
 * Geoff Johns, comic book writer
 * Scott Kamieniecki, former MLB player
 * Tim McCormick, former NBA player and current sports broadcaster
 * Bob Miller, former NFL player
 * Marisha Pessl, author
 * Ryan Riess, professional poker player, 2013 World Series of Poker champion
 * Tim Robinson, comedian, former cast member and writer on Saturday Night Live
 * Ron Serafini, former NHL player
 * David Simko, former NASCAR Cup Series driver
 * Samuel William Smith, former member of the United States House of Representatives

title: Independence Township, Michigan


text:
Keego Harbor, Michigan

Keego Harbor is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northern suburb of Detroit, Keego Harbor is located roughly 27 mi from downtown Detroit, and about 3 mi southwest of Pontiac. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 2,970. With a land area of 0.50 sqmi, Keego Harbor is the third-smallest city by land area in the state of Michigan, after Petersburg and Clarkston.

History
The first non-native settlers to the area arrived between 1825 and 1830. Cass Lake drew many wealthy residents to purchase land along the lake for vacationing. In 1890, a railway line was built through Keego Harbor to connect to Detroit and Pontiac, making the area much more accessible. At the turn of the century, a prominent Pontiac lawyer, Joseph E. Sawyer, purchased and platted land just to the southwest along Orchard Lake. He built a canal to connect the smaller Dollar Lake to Cass Lake and declared the area to be a harbor on the eastern edge of Cass Lake. He named the area Keego, which was a phonetic spelling of the Anishinaabemowin word "giigoonh" meaning "fish." The spelling Keego comes from the Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poem, The Song of Hiawatha. The community was originally part of West Bloomfield Township before incorporating as an independent city in 1955.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.55 sqmi, of which 0.50 sqmi is land and 0.05 sqmi (9.09%) is water.

The small Dollar Lake and canal remain within the city of Keego Harbor. The city is on the eastern shores of Cass Lake and is surrounded by Sylvan Lake on the east, Orchard Lake Village on the southwest, Waterford Township on the north, and West Bloomfield Township on the south and northwest.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,970 people, 1,292 households, and 721 families living in the city. The population density was 5940.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,473 housing units at an average density of 2946.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.1% White, 6.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 4.0% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.8% of the population.

There were 1,292 households, of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.2% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age in the city was 35.6 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 33.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.1% were from 45 to 64; and 7.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,769 people, 1,223 households, and 664 families living in the city. The population density was 5,388.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,317 housing units at an average density of 2,563.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.08% White, 0.61% African American, 1.16% Native American, 1.05% Asian, 1.26% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.37% of the population.

There were 1,223 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.7% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 41.1% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,552, and the median income for a family was $49,015. Males had a median income of $37,031 versus $34,038 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,305. About 5.2% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Keego Harbor is within the West Bloomfield School District.

title: Keego Harbor, Michigan


text:
Lake Angelus, Michigan

Lake Angelus is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An affluent northern suburb of Detroit, Lake Angelus is located about 35 mi north of downtown Detroit. With a population of 287 as of the 2020 census, Lake Angelus is the second-smallest city in Michigan, behind Omer; it also has one of the highest per capita incomes of any community in the state.

History
In the early 1900s, a small community formed around the lake, then called Three Mile Lake. During the 1920s, the lake was renamed Lake Angelus by Mrs. Sollace B. Collidge as the original name stood for the distance from the eastern side of the lake shore to the western shore. The community was under pressure from nearby government establishments to be annexed. In 1929, however, a special state act of legislation was passed, granting Lake Angelus incorporation as a village. Lake Angelus became a city of its own in 1984.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.63 sqmi, of which 1.07 sqmi is land and 0.56 sqmi (34.36%) is water.

The city completely surrounds the lake of the same name. The city is bordered:
 * To the north and east by the city of Auburn Hills
 * To the south by the city of Pontiac
 * To the west by Waterford Township

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 290 people, 130 households, and 100 families living in the city. The population density was 271.0 PD/sqmi. There were 151 housing units at an average density of 141.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.2% White, 0.3% African American, 2.8% Asian, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 0.3% of the population.

There were 130 households, of which 14.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.8% were married couples living together, 3.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.1% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.58.

The median age in the city was 55.3 years. 12.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 10.7% were from 25 to 44; 43.8% were from 45 to 64; and 27.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 326 people, 132 households, and 104 families living in the city. The population density was 314.5 PD/sqmi. There were 146 housing units at an average density of 140.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.32% White, 0.92% African American and 2.76% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.23% of the population.

There were 132 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.5% were married couples living together, 0.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the city, 20.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 17.5% from 25 to 44, 36.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $114,524, and the median income for a family was $131,261. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $48,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $83,792. None of the families and 1.2% of the population were living below the poverty line, including none under eighteen and 2.6% of those over 64.

Education
A portion is in the Pontiac School District.

title: Lake Angelus, Michigan


text:
Lake Orion, Michigan

Lake Orion is a village in the northern outskirts of Metro Detroit in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. The population was 2,973 at the 2010 census. "Lake Orion" can refer to either the village or the much larger Orion Township, of which the village is a part.

Lake Orion began as a resort town and over time has incorporated elements of a bedroom community.

History
Judah Church and Moses (or Samuel) Munson were among the first settlers. Munson, who arrived in 1824, built a sawmill in 1825, and planted the first orchard. Jesse Decker arrived from upstate New York with his wife, Mary, in 1825. He was energetic and became "everything to everybody", so that the place soon became known as "Decker's Settlement" and the town "Canandaigua," after Canandaigua, New York, where the settlers originated. The settlement grew into a bustling commercial center with a sawmill, tavern, post office, general store, blacksmith shop, school and cemetery. In 1828, a power dam was built uniting several small lakes and forming the mile-wide Lake Canandaigua, just west of the village.

In 1830, Decker raised the first frame barn in the area, with local Native Americans' help. The first post office was opened in 1832, with Decker as postmaster. In 1835, the community's name was changed from Canandaigua to Orion, and Lake Canandaigua was renamed Lake Orion. The new name was chosen by the village's attorney, reportedly for the Orion Trees in the area. The same year, the Township of Orion was formally approved by the Michigan Territorial government. Decker became the first Supervisor of Orion, with a salary of $2 a year. By 1836, two persons were licensed to keep taverns in the town, one of whom was Decker. He was elected to the first Michigan House of Representatives in 1837 and also served as justice of the peace for the Orion area. By 1840 Decker owned 440 acre of land.

In 1909 a Marine Postal Center was established, with mail delivered to over 300 cottages on the lake and islands by boat. Lake Orion was the first town in the United States to have this service.

In 1929, Amelia Earhart visited Lake Orion at the invitation of Orion resident and fellow aviator William Edmund Scripps. While visiting Scripps Mansion, she flew an experimental glider. Also in 1929, the village known as "Orion" was officially renamed "Lake Orion."

Railroads and trails
The Village of Lake Orion was served by trains on the Michigan Central Railroad from 1872 to 1976, and the Detroit United Railway interurban system from 1899 to 1931. Each service had its own track and depot, although both were named "Orion" and in the village near the intersection of M-24 and Flint Street. Lake Orion also had a flag stop, Rudds Station, on the MCC line east of the village near Clarkston and Kern Roads. Rudds Station served Rudds Mill, a milling operation on Paint Creek that produced wheat. The MCR line ran from Detroit to Mackinaw City, and the Flint Division of the DUR line ran from Royal Oak to Flint. With the automobile's increased popularity and the paving of M-24 in 1929, passenger service on the DUR ended in 1931, and track was scrapped during the 1940s for a World War II metal drive. Little remains of the corridor. The MCR line maintained passenger service until 1950, and freight service continued until the 1970s. The MCC track passed through New York Central and Penn Central and operated until 1976, when it was closed after acquisition by Conrail. The original MCR rails and track east of M-24 were completely removed, and the line from the village south toward Rochester, now serves as the recreational Paint Creek Trail. The line from the village north to Oxford exists now only as a narrow path, but still passes over the historic Indian Lake Road Stone Arch Bridge, a small limestone bridge constructed over Indian Lake Road in 1891.

Lake Orion was also served by trains on the Grand Trunk Western Railroad. The Polly Ann line ran from Pontiac to Caseville, passing through western Orion Township. Two flag stop stations served Lake Orion on the Polly Ann line. Eames Station was near the intersection of Joslyn and Silverbell Roads, and Cole Station was near the intersection of Joslyn and Clarkston Roads. A short section of the track was still in use as of 2014, operated by Canadian National Railway specifically to connect the General Motors Orion Assembly plant with the CN main line in Pontiac, but all track north of Orion Assembly was eliminated and removed by 1985. In 1993, a Rails to Trails federal grant was awarded and matched by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, providing more than $728,000 to purchase the right-of-way from Grand Trunk. The corridor now serves as the recreational Polly Ann Trail, connecting Lake Orion with Oxford, Addison Township, and Leonard.

Amusement park
Lake Orion was an amusement destination for residents of Metro Detroit in the first half of the century. The addition of the Michigan Central Railroad track in 1872 set the stage for Lake Orion as a major summertime resort for those traveling on the line, especially between Detroit and Flint. In 1874, several prominent citizens formed the Orion Park Association to capitalize on the growing number of travelers to the area. They developed a park on the shore of the lake (now Green's Park) near the train depot and operated a steam-powered boat for lake excursions and delivery to Park Island. Over time, the Park Island Amusement Park grew to include a penny arcade, carousel, souvenir booths, refreshment booths, lunch stands, dining rooms, dance halls, and a wooden roller coaster named "The Thriller."

The swimming beach on the north side of Park Island had both a men's and ladies' bathhouse, a waterslide, and numerous diving boards, the highest 42 feet above the water. Lake Orion was stocked annually with bass, pickerel, and pike, and fishing tournaments and contests were held seasonally. Several double-deck boats, including the "City of Orion," offered lake excursions replete with bands and a dance floor on the upper deck. At night, Park Island was illuminated by strings of thousands of lights.

Once a premier destination among vacationers, the park suffered through the Great Depression and several fires, gradually losing business before closing in 1955. The park was owned by the Detroit Edison Company (via the purchase of a subsidiary, the Orion Power and Light company) from 1912 until closure. The island and park property were later purchased by a private real estate developer who built homes on the island in the 1960s. In many brochures and newspaper advertisements in the 1910s and 1920s, Lake Orion was advertised to potential travelers as the "Venice of the Middle West," "Paris of Detroit," and "Lake Orion, the One Best Resort".

Folklore
The story of the Lake Orion Dragon says that sometime in the 1800s, a group of local children played a prank by building a fake dragon and launching it on the lake. A number of people saw it and soon Lake Orion was known for its dragon. There are competing stories about who made it and how it was built, but most agreed that a Levi A. Wild was responsible.

"That same year [1894] the Lake Orion 'dragon' made its entrance into Orion history. First seen by two ladies near the present Robert's Rondevoo cove, the animal grew in length as the story grew in listeners. What had started out as an average-sized lake monster was claimed by some to be at least eighty feet long. Detroit and other newspapers joshingly suggested, upon hearing of the behemoth, that Orion residents should 'drink more well-water in the future.'" The nickname of Lake Orion High School's sports teams (the Dragons) derives from this.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.30 sqmi, of which 0.79 sqmi is land and 0.51 sqmi is water.

Lake Orion
Lake Orion (less commonly known as "Orion Lake") is a medium-sized inland lake, with area of 506 acres. It has a maximum depth of 80 feet and an average depth of 16 feet. The lake is located within the Village of Lake Orion and Orion Township. It is the eighth largest lake by area in Oakland County.

The current area of the lake was formed by a collection of smaller lakes over time, beginning with the damming of Paint Creek in the 1830s. Canals have also been dredged to maximize lake frontage.

There is a public access boat launch on the northern side of the lake. It is administered by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

Islands
There are several islands in Lake Orion, some of which feature seasonal and year-round residences. The largest islands, Bellevue and Park, are connected to the mainland by two-lane bridges and are populated year-round. Most boats can pass under the Bellevue Bridge, which has a clearance of 9.6 feet. The Park Island bridge has a lower clearance that allows only canoes, kayaks and rowboats to pass underneath. The remaining islands are reachable only by watercraft. Victoria Island is the third largest island, and is home to several seasonal and year-round homes. A smaller island, Paint Island, was home to a single residence from the 1850s to the 1950s. Little remains of the island due to erosion save for a solitary tree, and the shallow waters can be a hazard to boaters. Sweet's Island is home to the Lake Orion Boat Club, and features a private boathouse and docks for LOBC members. Romance Island is home to a single cottage, Preston Island to two seasonal cottages, Dot Island to one seasonal cottage and Armada Island to four seasonal cottages. The residences on all islands except for Bellevue and Park require the use of watercraft to travel to and from the mainland.

Demographics
''The demographics below are for the village only. Refer to Orion Township for the demographics of the entire township.''

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,973 people, 1,304 households, and 709 families residing in the village. The population density was 3763.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,483 housing units at an average density of 1877.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the village was 94.2% White, 1.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.

There were 1,304 households, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.6% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the village was 41.2 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.5% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

Government
As a village, Lake Orion is provided assessing, counties and school districts tax collecting and elections administration for county, state and national by Orion Township. The Village of Lake Orion is a Michigan home rule village with a council-manager form of government. The village is governed by a local charter adopted by village electors. The village's legislative body is its village council, comprising a President and six council members. The village council appoints a Village Manager to serve as the Chief Administrative Officer of the government responsible for the management of the village's daily operations and oversight of all departments. Current Village Manager Joe Young was appointed as interim manager in February 2017 and was appointed permanently on July 1, 2017.

Lake Orion is served by the Lake Orion Community Schools school district.

Notable people
This list includes people from Orion Township and the Village of Lake Orion
 * Keith Aldridge, former professional hockey player
 * Scott Amedure, The Jenny Jones Show guest and murder victim
 * Matthew Blackmer, American pair skater
 * Trevor Blaylock, United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command
 * Christopher Bowman, U.S. Winter Olympian, National Champion, World Medalist champion figure skater
 * William Broomfield, former congressman
 * Pat Caputo, sportswriter for The Oakland Press, radio personality at WXYT-FM
 * Rolla C. Carpenter, engineer, academic, writer
 * Dave Collins, former professional baseball player, former coach at Lake Orion High School
 * Barbara Ann Crancer, associate circuit court judge, daughter of Jimmy Hoffa
 * Nicole Curtis, host of DIY and HGTV's home renovation show Rehab Addict
 * Matthew Dear, musician
 * Andrew J. Feustel, NASA astronaut
 * Frontier Ruckus, art-folk band
 * Tom Gillis, professional golfer
 * Jeff Heath, professional football player
 * Frederick Henderson, former CEO of General Motors
 * James P. Hoffa, International Brotherhood of Teamsters President, son of Jimmy Hoffa
 * Jimmy Hoffa (family summer home), former International Brotherhood of Teamsters President
 * Zak Keasey, former professional football player
 * Scott Kowalkowski, former professional football player
 * Mickey Lolich, former professional baseball player and donut shop owner
 * James Marcinkowski, politician, attorney, former CIA case officer
 * Chris "Hot Wings" Michels, syndicated radio show host
 * Jamie Milam, professional hockey player
 * Troy Milam, professional hockey player
 * Frank Novak, former NFL coach
 * Shannon Pettypiece, White House correspondent for Bloomberg LP
 * Raymond Plouhar, staff sergeant, USMC
 * William Edmund Scripps, newspaper magnate
 * Rich Strenger, lawyer, former professional football player
 * Rod Taylor, former professional hockey player
 * Ron Tripp, World sambo and judo champion; president of USA Judo
 * Cynthia Watros, actress
 * Mike Weger, business owner, real estate developer, former professional football player
 * Della Woods, drag racer

title: Lake Orion, Michigan


text:
Fuzzy Haskins

Clarence Eugene "Fuzzy" Haskins (June 8, 1941 – March 16, 2023) was an American singer. He performed with 1950s and 1960s doo-wop group, The Parliaments, and was a founding member of the groundbreaking and influential 1970s funk bands Parliament and Funkadelic, also known as Parliament-Funkadelic. He left Parliament-Funkadelic in 1977 to pursue a solo career. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2019, he and Parliament-Funkadelic were given Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards.

Early life
Haskins was born in Elkhorn, West Virginia, and grew up in New Jersey. Starting in the late 1950s, he was a founding member of doo wop vocal group The Parliaments, led by George Clinton. The group originated as a barbershop quintet in the back room of a barber shop on West 3rd Street in Plainfield, New Jersey. Haskins often sang lead in the group. They started traveling to Detroit, Michigan on weekends in order to audition for Motown Records and to participate in the fertile music scene there. The Parliaments released singles on several record labels, but did not have a hit until 1967 when "(I Wanna) Testify," on the small Detroit imprint Revilot Records, reached #3 on the Billboard R&B singles chart. The song was actually recorded by George Clinton and a group called The Holidays, as the other Parliaments didn't make it to Detroit that week. Revilot went out of business, and in the process, the group lost their name, The Parliaments.

Career
By 1970, the five Parliaments singers were touring with five backing musicians known separately as Funkadelic. The highly rehearsed performances and suited look of The Parliaments gave way to the members dressing in their own outrageous styles. Haskins wore long johns on stage. Due to the contractual issues surrounding the group name, Clinton signed the band as Funkadelic to Westbound Records. The ensemble released their first album Funkadelic in 1970. Clinton also renamed his group of singers Parliament (but still with the Funkadelic musicians as official members) and signed that act to the Holland-Dozier-Holland-owned record label, Invictus. Parliament released their first album Osmium in 1970. Clinton now had two groups that were actually one entity. Under the name Funkadelic, the ensemble was geared towards a rock audience, and as Parliament it was aimed at a soul music audience. Collectively, they became known as Parliament-Funkadelic, or P-Funk. Haskins contributed to P-Funk as a writer through 1972. He toured and appeared on P-Funk albums as a singer, and occasionally as a guitarist, throughout the 1970s. In June 1977 at the height of P-Funk's popularity, Haskins (along with other original Parliaments Calvin Simon and Grady Thomas) left the ensemble over financial and management disputes with Clinton.

Haskins released his first solo album, A Whole Nother Thang, in 1976. The album featured P-Funk members: Tiki Fulwood and Cordell "Boogie" Mosson on drums, and Bootsy Collins and Mosson on bass. Bernie Worrell makes an appearance on keyboards, contributing horn and string arrangements as well. Haskins served as producer, singer, songwriter, guitarist and even drummer on one song. Haskins released his second album, Radio Active, two years later. An Ace compilation from 1994 reissued both albums on one CD.

In 1981, Haskins, Simon, and Thomas formed a new funk band using the name Funkadelic, appeared on Soul Train under that name, and released the album, Connections & Disconnections. The album was later reissued on CD with the title Who's a Funkadelic? in 1992. In the 1990s, Haskins toured with Original P, a group made up of four of the original five Parliaments.

Personal life and death
Haskins was married twice, to Estelle James and Lorraine Debney, with both marriages ending in divorce. He had five children, two of whom predeceased him. He lived in Southfield, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.

Haskins suffered a serious stroke in 2022. He died from complications of diabetes in Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, on March 16, 2023, at the age of 81.

Discography

 * A Whole Nother Thang (1976), Westbound
 * Radio Active (1978), Westbound
 * A Whole Nother Radio Active Thang (1994), Westbound/Ace – reissue of both albums on one CD

title: Fuzzy Haskins


text:
Rob Watson (musician)

Robert D. Watson is a keyboardist, record producer and composer. He is best known for his work with the rock bands Daniel Amos and The Swirling Eddies (credited as Arthur Fhardy). Watson has many projects to his credit, including his album Great Hymns of the Faith, released in 1996.

title: Rob Watson (musician)


text:
Province of Málaga

The province of Málaga (Provincia de Málaga ) is located in Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and by the provinces of Cádiz to the west, Seville to the northwest, Córdoba to the north, and Granada to the east.

The province is subject to extreme water stress in the wake of the proliferation of avocado plantations in the Axarquía region, with the arid local climate being unsuitable to the plant's large water demands.

Overview
With an area of 7,308 km2 and a population of 1,652,999 (2013), concentrated mainly in the metropolitan area of Málaga, the provincial capital, and throughout the coastal area. The population density surpasses both the Andalusia and Spanish averages, reaching 222.53 inhabitants per km2. Málaga contains 102 municipalities. Besides the capital, the main cities are Marbella, Mijas, Fuengirola, Vélez-Málaga, Torremolinos, Estepona, and Benalmádena, all in the coastal zone. The towns of Antequera and Ronda are located in the interior.

The prevailing climate is a warm Mediterranean, with dry and warm long summers with short mild winters. The geographical relief varies greatly from zone to zone. In general, the coastal zone has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. To the north, a continental Mediterranean climate exists with cold, dry winters and warm summers.

The main industry and claim to fame are tourist resorts, particularly those on the beaches along the Costa del Sol. These beaches are visited by millions of European tourists; other attractions include the gorge of El Chorro near Álora, El Torcal de Antequera, the Moorish-Mudéjar district of Frigiliana, the Dolmen of Menga, the Tholos de El Romeral, the Dolmen de Viera and the Caves of Nerja.

Population development
The historical population is given in the following chart:

Regions

 * Málaga
 * Costa del Sol
 * Valle del Guadalhorce
 * Axarquía
 * Serranía de Ronda
 * Antequera

Protected areas

 * Los Alcornocales Natural Park
 * Sierra de las Nieves National Park
 * Montes de Málaga Natural Park
 * Sierras of Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park

title: Province of Málaga


text:
John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk

John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, also known as Jack of Norfolk, (c. 1425 – 22 August 1485), was an English nobleman, soldier, politician, and the first Howard Duke of Norfolk. He was a close friend and loyal supporter of King Richard III, with whom he was slain at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

Family
John Howard, born about 1425, was the son of Sir Robert Howard (1398–1436) of Tendring Hall, Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk by his wife Margaret de Mowbray (1391–1459), eldest daughter of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (of the first creation) (1366–1399), by wife Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366–1425). His paternal grandparents were Sir John Howard of Wiggenhall, Norfolk, and wife Alice Tendring, daughter of Sir William Tendring.

Howard was a descendant of English royalty through both sides of his family. On his father's side, Howard was descended from Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, the second son of King John, who had an illegitimate son, named Richard (died 1296), whose daughter, Joan of Cornwall, married Sir John Howard (d. shortly before 23 July 1331). On his mother's side, Howard was descended from Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, the elder son of Edward I of England by his second wife, Margaret of France, and from Edward I's younger brother, Edmund Crouchback.

Career
Howard succeeded his father in 1436 and then his grandfather in 1437. In his youth, he was in the household of his cousin John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk (died 1461), and was drawn into Norfolk's conflicts with William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk. In 1453 he was involved in a lawsuit with Suffolk's wife, Alice Chaucer. He had been elected to Parliament in 1449 as Shire knight for Suffolk and during the 1450s he held several local offices. According to Crawford, he was at one point during this period described as "wode as a wilde bullok". He is said to have been with Lord Lisle in his expedition to Guyenne in 1452, which ended in defeat at Castillon on 17 July 1453. He received an official commission from the King on 10 December 1455 and also had been utilised by Henry to promote friendship between Lord Moleyns (his father-in-law) and one John Clopton.

He was a staunch adherent of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses, and was knighted by King Edward IV at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461. In the same year he was appointed Constable of Norwich and Colchester castles, and became part of the royal household as one of the King's carvers, "the start of a service to the house of York which was to last for the rest of his life."

In 1461 Howard was High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, and during the years 1462-4, he took part in military campaigns against the Lancastrians. In 1467 he served as deputy for Norfolk as Earl Marshal at 'the most splendid tournament of the age' when Antoine, count of La Roche, the Bastard of Burgundy, jousted against the Queen's brother, Lord Scales. In the same year he was one of three ambassadors sent to Burgundy to arrange the marriage of the King's sister, Margaret of York, to Charles, Duke of Burgundy. At about this time he was made a member of the King's council, and in 1468 he was among those who escorted Margaret to Burgundy for her wedding. During the 1460s Howard had become involved in the internal politics of St John's Abbey in Colchester, of which he was a patron. He interfered with the abbatial elections at the Abbey following the death of Abbot Ardeley in 1464, helping the Yorkist supporter John Canon to win the election. Howard then appears to have interfered again in support of Abbot Stansted's election following Canon's death in 1464.

Howard's advancement in the King's household continued. By 1467 he was a Knight of the Body, and in September 1468 was appointed Treasurer of the Royal Household, an office which he held for only two years, until Edward lost the throne in 1470.

According to Crawford, Howard was a wealthy man by 1470, and when Edward IV's first reign ended he went into exile on the continent. In the area around Stoke-by-Nayland Howard held some sixteen manors, seven of which the King had granted him in 1462. After 1463, he purchased a number of other manors, including six forfeited by John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, the son of his cousin, Elizabeth Howard.

Howard was summoned to Parliament from 15 October 1470 by writs directed to Iohanni Howard de Howard Militi and Iohanni Howard Chivaler, whereby he is held to have become Lord Howard. On 24 April 1472, he was admitted to the Order of the Garter. In 1475 he accompanied Edward in his attempt on France. In 1482 he spent time in Harwich, Essex building up the navy, and made a donation to the Dovercourt shrine.

In April 1483 he bore the royal banner at the funeral of King Edward IV. He supported Richard III's accession to the throne, and at his behest took the nine year old Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger son of Edward IV, from Westminster Abbey where he was seeking sanctuary with his mother to the Tower of London to join his brother Edward V, both of whom subsequently disappeared in mysterious circumstances. He was appointed Lord High Steward and bore the crown before Richard at his coronation, while his eldest son, the Earl of Surrey, carried the Sword of State. On 28 June 1483 he was created Duke of Norfolk, third creation, the first creation having become extinct on the death of John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk, in 1476, and the second creation having been invalidated by Richard's illegitimisation, on 25 June 1483, of Edward IV's second son Richard of York. This left John Howard as heir to the duchy, and his alliance with Richard ensured his acquisition of the title. He was also created Earl Marshal, and Lord Admiral of all England, Ireland, and Aquitaine.

The Duke's principal home was at Stoke-by-Nayland (and later Framlingham Castle) in Suffolk. However, after his second marriage he frequently resided at Ockwells Manor at Cox Green in Bray as it was conveniently close to the royal residence at Windsor Castle.

Marriages and issue
Before 29 September 1442, he married Catherine (died 3 November 1465), the daughter of Sir William Moleyns (7 January 1378 – 8 June 1425), of Stoke Poges in Buckinghamshire, and his wife Margery (died 26 March 1439). With Catherine Moleyns, he had two sons and four daughters: Howard married secondly, before 22 January 1467, Margaret (1436–1494), the daughter of Sir John Chedworth and his wife, Margaret Bowett, and widow, firstly of Nicholas Wyfold (1420–1456), Lord Mayor of London, and secondly of Sir John Norreys (1400 – 1 September 1466), Master of the Wardrobe.
 * Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey (1443 – 21 May 1524), who married firstly, on 30 April 1472, as her second husband, Elizabeth Tilney, by whom he had ten children including Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Howard, wife of Sir Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire; he married secondly, in 1497, Agnes Tilney, by whom he had eleven children.
 * Nicholas Howard (died c. 1468).
 * Isabel or Elizabeth Howard, who married Robert Mortimer (died 1485), esquire, of Landmere in Thorpe-le-Soken, slain at Bosworth, by whom she had a daughter, Elizabeth, who married George Guildford, younger son of Sir Richard Guildford.
 * Anne Howard (1446–1474), who married Sir Edmund Gorges (died 1512) of Wraxall, by whom she had issue including Thomas Gorges.
 * Jane Howard (1450 – 15 August 1508), who in 1481 married Sir John Timperley of Hintlesham, Suffolk, without issue.
 * Margaret Howard (1445–1484/1524), who married Sir John Wyndham of Crownthorpe and Felbrigg, Norfolk (1443-1503), by whom she had issue (see Wyndham).

By his second wife, Margaret Chedworth, he had one daughter:
 * Katherine Howard (died 17 March 1536), who married John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, by whom she had issue.

Death
John Howard was slain at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485 by the knight Sir John Savage in single combat, according to the Ballad of Lady Bessy. Howard was the commander of the vanguard, and his son, the Earl of Surrey, his lieutenant. Howard's death had a demoralising effect on his friend and patron King Richard who was slain later in the battle. There is an alternative telling of events which states that Howard was killed when a Lancastrian arrow struck him in the face after the face guard had been torn off his helmet during an earlier altercation with the Earl of Oxford. Shakespeare relates how, the night before, someone had left John Howard a note attached to his tent warning him that King Richard, his "master", was going to be double-crossed (which he was):

"Jack of Norfolk, be not too bold, For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold."

However, this story does not appear earlier than Edward Hall in 1548, so it may well be an apocryphal embellishment of a later era.

He was buried in Thetford Priory, but his body seems to have been moved at the Reformation, possibly to the tomb of the 3rd Duke of Norfolk at Framlingham Church. The monumental brass of his first wife Katherine Moleyns can, however, still be seen in Suffolk.

Howard was the great-grandfather of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, the second and fifth Queens consort, respectively, of King Henry VIII. Thus, through Anne Boleyn, he was the great-great-grandfather of Elizabeth I. After his death, his titles were declared forfeit by King Henry VII, but his son, the 1st Earl of Surrey, was later restored as 2nd Duke (the Barony of Howard, however, remains forfeit). His senior descendants, the Dukes of Norfolk, have been Earls Marshal and Premier Peers of England since the 17th century, and male-line descendants hold the Earldoms of Carlisle, Suffolk, Berkshire and Effingham.

title: John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk


text:
Tales of Kidd Funkadelic

Tales of Kidd Funkadelic is the eighth studio album by the band Funkadelic, released in September 1976. It was their final album on the Westbound record label. The tracks were recorded during the same sessions as their first release for Warner Bros. Records, Hardcore Jollies; which was released a month later. Two tracks from Tales of Kidd Funkadelic, the single “Undisco Kidd” and the party anthem “Take Your Dead Ass Home!” have been staples in the band’s live performances since the album’s 1976 release, and can be heard on the 1977 Parliament concert album Live: P-Funk Earth Tour. The album opener “Butt-To-Buttresuscitation” and the song “I’m Never Gonna Tell It” were included in the band’s live shows during the early 2000s. The song "Let's Take It to the People" has been sampled by hip-hop band A Tribe Called Quest for their song "Everything Is Fair", on their album The Low End Theory.

Kidd Funkadelic was/is the nickname for guitarist Michael Hampton.

Side One

 * 1) "Butt-to-Butt Resuscitation" (George Clinton, Eddie Hazel, Bernie Worrell, Michael Hampton) - 3:53
 * 2) "Let's Take It to the People" (Clinton, Hazel, Garry Shider) - 1:50
 * 3) "Undisco Kidd" (Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Worrell) (released as a single-Westbound 5029) - 6:34
 * 4) "Take Your Dead Ass Home! (Say Som'n Nasty)" (Clinton, Glenn Goins, Shider, Worrell) - 7:18

Side Two

 * 1) "I'm Never Gonna Tell It" (Clinton, Worrell) - 3:41
 * 2) "Tales of Kidd Funkadelic (Opusdelite Years)" (Clinton, Worrell) - 12:56
 * 3) "How Do Yeaw View You?" (Clinton, Collins, Worrell) (released as the B-side to "Undisco Kidd) - 3:39

Funkadelic Main Invasion Force (Personnel)

 * Guitars: Michael Hampton, Garry Shider, Glenn Goins
 * Keyboards, Synthesizers: Bernie Worrell
 * Bass: Cordell "Boogie" Mosson
 * Drums: Jerome "Bigfoot" Brailey
 * Percussion: Calvin Simon
 * Vocals: George Clinton, Ray Davis, Glen Goins, Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins, Calvin Simon, Garry Shider, Grady Thomas
 * Maggotusi Vocal Choir (Backup Vocals): Jessica Cleaves, Cynthia Davis, Donna Davis, Debbie Edwards, Taka Kahn, Pamela Vincent, Debbie Wright, Gary “Mudbone” Cooper

Spastic Funkadelic Alumni

 * Eddie Hazel: Guitar
 * Billy "Bass" Nelson: Bass guitar
 * William "Bootsy" Collins: Bass guitar
 * Ron Bykowski: Lead guitar

title: Tales of Kidd Funkadelic


text:
Open publishing

Open publishing is a term used by Matthew Arnison in March 2001 to describe the online process of creating text, audio and video news by methods that are fully transparent to the readers. In the early 2000s, the term was widely associated with the online Indymedia network.

History
The aim of open publishing described by Matthew Arnison was that anybody could contribute a story and see it instantly appear in the pool of stories publicly available. Those stories are filtered as little as possible to help the readers find the stories they want. Readers can see editorial decisions being made by others. They can see how to get involved and help make editorial decisions. If they can think of a better way for the software to help shape editorial decisions, they can copy the software because it is free and open source to change it and start their own site. If they want to redistribute the news, they can, preferably on an open publishing site.

Internet sites run on open publishing software allow anyone with Internet access to visit the site and upload content directly without having to penetrate the filters of traditional media. Several fundamental principles tend to inform the organizations and sites dedicated to open publishing, though they do so to varying degrees. These principles include non-hierarchy, public participation, minimal editorial control, and transparency.

Related ideas
Arnison's idea of open publishing can be compared to Eric S. Raymond's point of view in the open source software versus free software debate. Given a large enough audience of peers, readers and/or commentators, supporters of open publishing hope or expect that almost all problematic content will quickly be noticed, highlighted and fixed. Linus's law could in this be context be described as Arnison's Law, reworded as, "Given enough eyeballs, problematic content is shallow".

The term "open publishing" is intended to be much more open than the more restricted idea of open access publishing, in which the publishing of material organized in such a way that there is no financial or other barrier to the reader, but there is no claim for transparency in the methods and procedures of publishing. In other words, open publishing is open access, but open access publishing is only sometimes "open publishing".

Examples
Online historical and existing networks typically associated with open publishing include the Independent Media Center network, Kuro5hin, Slashdot, Wikipedia and Wikinews.

title: Open publishing


text:
Talk:Gilroy, California

Town folklore
article currently states:

"Gilroy to San Jose" is a slang term for a poker hand containing three tens. It refers to the distance between the two cities before the advent of suburban sprawl in the 1970's and 1980's; currently the distance is around 15 miles.

This doesn't make any sense. How can the distance between two places change? Google Maps reports the distance is 32 miles. Perhaps someone who's more familiar with poker and/or the area could fix this. Izzycat 00:32, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I've lived in the area since late 1967, and in all that time Gilroy hasn't gotten any closer to San Jose. No wonder:  They're on the same side of the San Andreas Fault!  I think the statement is patent nonsense.  At best, it's an "inside joke".  I've never heard the expression in the decades I've lived here. --QuicksilverT @ 23:06, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it means that the city limits have gotten closer as the cities have grown, hence the reference to "suburban sprawl". But I agree that that whole section sounds unverifiable. -- Scott eiπ  20:23, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

patent nonsense? Are you daft? Please be careful not to accidently whang any of us in the back of the head with that brand new dictionary of internet lingo you so adamantly wave about. (preceding unsigned comment by 71.116.104.74 moved to the proper section by Gentgeen 08:13, 19 April 2006 (UTC))

 * Removed entire section this day. Citations of sources weren't forthcoming and the material could only be described as scurrilous, lurid and un-encyclopedic.  It did nothing to enhance the article. —QuicksilverT @ 11:45, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Who is Don Christopher anyway and what has he done?
can someone enlighten on this? Anlace 22:38, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a bit late, but Don Christopher owns Christopher Ranch, LLC, a large garlic farm. . Gentgeen 08:13, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Telephony history
Who cares, anyway? This non-notable section is describing the way telephones were everywhere in the world before single-subscriber lines and stepper relays replaced party lines, human telephone operators and switchboards. Do we really want to clutter the article about the town of Gilroy with information that should probably be in a separate Wikipedia article about telephony? —QuicksilverT @ 08:56, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I removed the section. I can understand this being relevant to a place like Woodstock, Maine, were they had manual telephones until 1983. Here there aren't any years listed, so there no reason to think Gilroy's phone service was any different than other similar citys. Seano1 (talk) 23:19, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and carefull attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 20:32, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I have removed it; the article was in Category:Garlic which I have removed (articles about places should not usually be in categories of products they are known for). I have added the category tag to Gilroy Garlic Festival instead. --Snigbrook ( talk ) 23:35, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

Garlic Capital of the world? LOL
I don't know what yokel came up with this embarrassing motto but this is the typical narrow-minded yankee statement: "The World" is ONLY the United States, the rest of the planet Earth is just an uncharted swamp full of darkness and uncivilized savages. Personally I'd remove that naive statement right away. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Klavss (talk • contribs) 17:27, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Personally, I'd remove your out-of-place, condescending comment here right away. The moniker is part of a marketing campaign.  If you weren't such a narrow-minded yokel, as you accuse Yankees of being, you'd realize that there are many communities in the world that bill themselves "Garlic Capital of the World", or "(Whatever) Capital of the World" for similar reasons. — QuicksilverT @ 16:02, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

Intro
I removed a lot of uncited information in the intro, both because I felt it was a bit much for an into and would fit better in a subsection like Arts and Culture. Also thought the newer picture of city hall looked nicer. I actually think the paragraphs about the lotto tickets, Gilroy Gardens, and especially the Yamato Hot springs should be included but I don't have the time to track down citations right now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Loki733 (talk • contribs) 03:24, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Gilroy, California. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc to http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141011233458/http://www.cityofgilroy.org/cityofgilroy/city_hall/city_council/default.aspx to http://www.cityofgilroy.org/cityofgilroy/city_hall/city_council/default.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150306085408/http://www.cityofgilroy.org:80/cityofgilroy/city_hall/administration/city_administrator/default.aspx to http://www.cityofgilroy.org/cityofgilroy/city_hall/administration/city_administrator/default.aspx
 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080410143053/http://amtrakcapitols.com/included/docs/schedules/train_schedules.pdf to http://amtrakcapitols.com/included/docs/schedules/train_schedules.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:41, 12 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Gilroy, California. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130118223120/http://www.cityofgilroy.org/cityofgilroy_files/city_hall/finance/Cover_and_Intro_2011-05-02.pdf to http://www.cityofgilroy.org/cityofgilroy_files/city_hall/finance/Cover_and_Intro_2011-05-02.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100407073247/http://www.santaclaracountylib.org/gilroy/ to http://www.santaclaracountylib.org/gilroy/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080410143053/http://www.vta.org/schedules/pdf/bus_rail_map_h.pdf to http://www.vta.org/schedules/pdf/bus_rail_map_h.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:45, 17 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gilroy, California


text:
User:Matchboy

My name is Robby Russell.

I live in Portland, Oregon.

House_of_Teriyaki

title: User:Matchboy