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Pelican, Alaska

Pelican is a small town in the northwestern part of Chichagof Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 88, down from 163 at the 2000 census. As of the newest 2020 census, Pelican has a total population of 98 people.

Geography
Pelican is located on the east side of Lisianski Inlet, a body of water that opens into Lisianski Strait and Cross Sound, on Chichagof Island at coordinates 57.95833°N, -136.22417°W (57.958431, -136.224069).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 km2, of which 1.6 km2 are land and 0.3 km2, or 16.25%, are water.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Pelican has a humid continental climate (Dfb).

Demographics
Pelican first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as the unincorporated village of "Pelican City." It formally incorporated in 1943. It continued to return as "Pelican City" in 1950 & 1960 on census records. In 1970, onwards, it had returned simply as "Pelican."

As of the census of 2000, there were 163 people, 70 households, and 41 families residing in the city. The population density was 280.5 PD/sqmi. There were 94 housing units at an average density of 161.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 72.39% White, 21.47% Native American, 1.23% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 4.29% from two or more races. 0.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 70 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 3.1% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 34.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 143.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 146.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,750, and the median income for a family was $57,083. Males had a median income of $50,500 versus $3,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,347. None of the families and 4.7% of the population were living below the poverty line.

Shipwreck
According to legend, many years ago when Russian ships roamed Alaska waters, one foundered in the uncharted waters of Cross Sound. Survivors rowed their lifeboat up an inlet that would later be known as Lisianski. In a sheltered cove, they founded a settlement. They cleared and planted gardens, trapped, and hunted game. The story goes that a shipyard was built and a ship constructed, which allowed them to return to their homeland.

When the Russian settlement died, the land again reverted to wilderness. Early hunters and trappers noticed the clearing in the woods and found iron and copper tools along with sunken graves. They named the abandoned settlement "Sunnyside". The Lisianski Inlet Lodge is located on the site of the old Russian settlement at Sunnyside, and the owners can attest to there being "mounds" nearby in the trees that may be burial sites and finding tools in the ground.

In the late 1970s, Paul Corbin found what appears to be a spike from a Russian ship while digging a garbage pit a few hundred yards behind the Lodge. A few years later Denny Corbin found a pair of eyeglasses while digging to enforce a coffer dam in the woods behind the lodge. The eyeglasses had gold rims, blue glass, and diamond-shaped pieces of jade in each corner.

Mining exploration
By 1938 the Lisianski Inlet had become home to gold miners. Hjalmar Mork, Jack Ronning and the older of the Mork family boys operated the Mork mine, called the Goldwin Prospect. Besides the Mork mine, there was a gold mine called the Apex, founded earlier, which can be found across the inlet from Sunnyside. The Apex-El Nido mine produced 18,000 ounces of gold. Jack Koby was developing a mine called Lucky Strike up towards the head of the inlet, and another mine was being worked at its mouth. This is the Lisianski Inlet Kalle (Charley) Raatikainen found when he started looking for a place to build a town.

1938–1941 fish processing and storage development
Raatikainen was an Alaskan pioneer and fish buyer when fish made people wealthy. During the fishing season, he would hardly sleep, as he bought fish and ran them from the fishing grounds to Sitka. Raatikainen would leave Deer Harbor when the last troller had unloaded for the night. He would arrive in Sitka around three in the morning awaken the crew, unload, pick up groceries and arrive back on the fishing grounds by noon. Hoping to give better and faster service to the fishermen and buyers, he began looking for a place to build a cold storage plant close to the fishing grounds.

Location and pilings
Raatikainen went to his friend Hjalmar Mork and told him what he was looking for. On August 2, 1938, Hjalmar took him to a place up the inlet near his mine and suggested the location. Raatikainen found a harbor with deep water, land, and a large lake with a waterfall. Located between Juneau and Sitka, the site had everything he was looking for.

Raatikainen organized a corporation and brought in a crew to start the building. On September 26, 1938, his boat the Pelican brought in Bob DeArmond as timekeeper and storekeeper, Eli Rapich as cook's helper, and another cook known as Slim. Others may have been Don White and Gust Savela. A. P. "Coho" Walder and his wife Martha arrived with their troller and Raatikainen had one or two others with him when he brought in his fish scows. One scow was put on the beach and became the mess house with worker quarters in the upper section. The other scow was anchored out and connected to the beach by a floating walkway. It served as a warehouse as well as living quarters for workers. The town site became known as Pelican City. Why is not known, but probably not to confuse it with Raatikainen's boat the Pelican.

Joe and Jim Paddock came with their pile-driving equipment. They used their donkey engine on the pile driver to clear timber from the cold storage site. Hjalmer Mork and Jack Ronning moved their air compressor and jackhammers up from their mine to clear rock from the cold storage site.

Building supplies
The steam schooner the SS Tongass arrived and dropped overboard tons of lumber and pilings in front of the town, despite Raatikainen's lack of funds. DeArmond was the one who had to request that the captain of the Tongass defer the payment. A sawmill and other supplies were loaded on rafts and dragged ashore. The SS Tongass would be the only steamer into Pelican for the next few years with supplies but not regularly.

The first building erected ashore had a dual purpose. It housed a Finnish steam bath on one side and on the other a store and offices for the new corporation. During this time, Pelican was often referred to as "Finn Town". The town started looking like a town when the Paddocks and Raatikainen built homes. Arthur Silverman arrived from Sitka with lumber, beer, and a license to operate a beer parlor and soon was open for business.

The expense of building a cold storage, acquiring diesel engines, and building a water and electric system left the company short of money. Raatikainen went to Seattle and raised money, but it was never enough. The town continued to grow because the depression left little winter work elsewhere. Fishermen and others were willing to take food, tobacco, and stock in the company for their work.

Fire and general expansion
There was a major setback when the bathhouse caught fire and the only available fire equipment was a few buckets of salt water brought up from the beach. The bath/store building was quickly replaced and would later become home to Pelican's first school. One of the first major construction sites was a two-story multipurpose building. On the first floor a kitchen and mess hall occupied one end with the office, store and later the post office on the other side. The upper floor was used for a bunkhouse. This building's second floor is still used as a bunkhouse.

Gus Savela, a Finn and Alaskan fish buyer with engineering experience, oversaw the building of the dam. With the sawmill that had arrived on the Tongass, the Paddock brothers built the wharf, fish house and started the boardwalk. When the summer fishing season began, the men left to work other jobs or fish their boats and even Raatikainen had to take his scows to their summer stations.

Work slowed in 1939, when the Navy began building a base on Japonski Island and outside jobs became available. Even so, a post office under the name "Pelican" was established on November 27, 1939, with Bob DeArmond as first postmaster. Pelican's school opened with Arvo Wahto, of Douglas, becoming its first teacher. He would teach two generations of children before retiring in the 60's. A sawmill was built and put into operation producing the lumber to build homes adding to the permanence of the town.

In the summer of 1940 things got livelier when A. R. Breuger of Wrangell brought his floating cannery to Pelican and moored it to the dock. It brought new people and small seine boats to town, and employment to a few of the residents. By the summer of 1941 Pelican had another salmon cannery. The Cape Cross Salmon Company organized by Larry Freeburn and Pros Ganty put canning machinery and a retort in the fish house, they made a pack of more than 17,000 cases. Later, Cape Cross would build a separate cannery next to the cold storage.

Completion
Henry Roden, the former attorney general of Alaska who was helping Raatikainen raise money, finally had success when Norton Clapp agreed to participate in the project. The work of getting the cold storage plant operating immediately gathered speed. J. P. McNeil, who had been in charge of the Booth Fisheries cold storage at Sitka for many years, was hired as manager to oversee the installation of the refrigeration machinery. The hydroelectric power plant was completed and a new office and store building were attached to the cold storage.

In August 1942 the first fish was loaded into the sharp freezer. The census in 1939 gave Pelican a count of 48. In 1951 it was up to 180, it would later reach its peak at 250.

Recent history

Pelican Seafoods closed for business in July 2008. The city foreclosed on the seafood plant in 2010. However, by 2016, a new fish processing business, Yakobi Fisheries, had begun to operate in Pelican.

Education
Pelican School District is the school district of the city.

title: Pelican, Alaska


text:
Skagway, Alaska

The Municipality and Borough of Skagway is a first-class borough in Alaska on the Alaska Panhandle. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,240, up from 968 in 2010. The population doubles in the summer tourist season in order to deal with more than 1,000 visitors each year. Incorporated as a borough on June 25, 2007, it was previously a city (urban Skagway located at 59.45833°N, -135.31389°W) in the Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area (now the Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska). The most populated community is the census-designated place of Skagway.

Skagway was an important port during the Klondike Gold Rush. The White Pass and Yukon Route narrow gauge railroad, part of the area's mining past, is now in operation purely for the tourist trade and runs throughout the summer months. The port of Skagway is a popular stop for cruise ships, and the tourist trade is a big part of the business of Skagway. Skagway is also part of the setting for Jack London's book The Call of the Wild, Will Hobbs's book Jason's Gold, and for Joe Haldeman's novel, Guardian. The John Wayne film North to Alaska (1960) was filmed nearby.

The name Skagway (historically also spelled Skaguay) is the English divergent of sha-ka-ԍéi, a Tlingit idiom which figuratively refers to rough seas in the Taiya Inlet, which are caused by strong north winds. (See, "Etymology and the Mythical Stone Woman", below.)

Etymology and the Mythical Stone Woman
Skagway is the English adaptation of sha-ka-ԍéi, a Tlingit idiom which figuratively refers to rough seas in the Taiya Inlet, that are caused by strong north winds. Literally, sha-ka-ԍéi is a gerund (verbal noun) which means pretty woman. The gerund was derived from the Tlingit finite verb theme -sha-ka-li-ԍéi, which means, in the case of a woman, to be pretty.

The story behind the name is that Sha-ka-ԍéi or Skagway ["Pretty Woman"] was the nickname of Kanagoo, a mythical woman who transformed herself into stone at Skagway bay and who (according to the story) now causes the strong, channeled winds which blow toward Haines, Alaska."A local myth is connected with a rock in the [Taiya] Valley which is supposed to be a woman turned to stone who, under the name of Kanuga [i.e., Kanagoo], is regarded as the bringer of wind. In the months of February and March, 1882, when there were exceptionally strong winds, it was said among the Chilkat that Kanuga was angry ..." , at page 185. See, also,, at pp. 158, 230 (note 22: “goddess Kanuga – A mythical woman who is supposed to have turned to stone and unleashes winds when angry; the rock is in the Taiya Valley.”); 120, 158, 202 (“Kanuga, the personified river that empties into the [Taiya] Valley” is also shown on the maps as Schkaguḗ [Skagway]); 195 (two bays in Taiya Inlet), 197-98 (Kanagu lives in the first bay); Emmons (1916). History of Tlingit Tribes and Clans, reproduced in,, at page 19 ("[T]he name Skagway is reportedly derived from the following legend … 'The rock wall opened and she disappeared forever. But when the North wind blows down from the White Pass, laden with the chill of the north, it was believed to be the breath of her spirit …' "). It is apparent that Kanagoo and Skagway are the same personage, and that Skagway is her nickname. Tlingit given names were proprietary. A phrase meaning pretty woman would not be proprietary, because it is a common and generic description that is applied to many people. For that reason, Skagway [“pretty woman”] would be a nickname, and Kanagoo would be her given name. See,, at page 35 (“Personal names are the property of the clan … Nicknames …  were given to men and women, derived from what they liked most …”). The rough seas caused by these winds have therefore been referred to by the use of Kanagoo's nickname, Sha-ka-ԍéi or Skagway.

The Kanagoo stone formation is now known as Face Mountain, which is seen from Skagway bay. The Tlingit name for Face Mountain is Kanagoo Yahaayí [Kanagoo's Image/Soul]. [Notes: The word which literally means rough seas is jiwsitaan. The phrase which means home of the north wind is xóon neili. ]

Early Skagway
One prominent resident of early Skagway was William "Billy" Moore, a former steamboat captain. As a member of an 1887 boundary survey expedition, he had made the first recorded investigation of the pass over the Coast Mountains, which later became known as White Pass. He believed that gold lay in the Klondike because it had been found in similar mountain ranges in South America, Mexico, California, and British Columbia. In 1887, he and his son, J. Bernard "Ben" Moore, claimed a 160 acre homestead at the mouth of the Skagway River in Alaska. Moore settled in this area because he believed it provided the most direct route to the potential goldfields. They built a log cabin, a sawmill, and a wharf in anticipation of future gold prospectors passing through.

The boundary between Canada and the United States along the Alaska Panhandle was only vaguely defined then (see Alaska boundary dispute). There were overlapping land claims from the United States' purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 and British claims along the coast. Canada requested a survey after British Columbia united with it in 1871, but the idea was rejected by the United States as being too costly, given the area's remoteness, sparse settlement, and limited economic or strategic interest.

The Klondike gold rush changed everything. In 1896, gold was found in the Klondike region of Canada's Yukon Territory. On July 29, 1897, the steamer Queen docked at Moore's wharf with the first boat load of prospectors. More ships brought thousands of hopeful miners into the new town and prepared for the 500-mile journey to the gold fields in Canada. Moore was overrun by lot jumping prospectors and had his land stolen from him and sold to others. The population of the general area increased enormously and reached 30,000, composed largely of American prospectors. Some realized how difficult the trek ahead would be en route to the gold fields, and chose to stay behind to supply goods and services to miners. Within weeks, stores, saloons, and offices lined the muddy streets of Skagway. The population was estimated at 8,000 residents during the spring of 1898 with approximately 1,000 prospective miners passing through town each week. By June 1898, with a population between 8,000 and 10,000, Skagway was the largest city in Alaska.

Due to the sudden influx of visitors to Skagway, some town residents began offering miners transportation services to aid them in their journeys to the Yukon, often at highly inflated rates. A group of miners upset with the treatment organized a town council to help protect their interests. But as the members of the council moved north to try their own hands at mining, control of the town reverted to the more unscrupulous, most notably Jefferson Randolph "Soapy" Smith.

Between 1897 and 1898, Skagway was a lawless town, described by one member of the North-West Mounted Police as "little better than a hell on earth." Fights, prostitutes and liquor were ever-present on Skagway's streets, and con man "Soapy" Smith, who had risen to considerable power, did little to stop it. Smith was a sophisticated swindler who liked to think of himself as a kind and generous benefactor to the needy. He was gracious to some, giving money to widows and halting lynchings, while simultaneously operating a ring of thieves who swindled prospectors with cards, dice, and the shell game. His telegraph office charged five dollars to send a message anywhere in the world. Consequently, unknowing prospectors sent news to their families back home without realizing there was no telegraph service to or from Skagway until 1901.

Smith also controlled a comprehensive spy network, a private militia called the Skaguay Military Company, the town newspaper, the Deputy U.S. Marshal's office and an array of thieves and con men who roamed about the town. Smith was finally shot and killed by Frank Reid and Jesse Murphy on July 8, 1898, in the famed Shootout on Juneau Wharf. Smith managed to return fire — some accounts claim the two men fired their weapons simultaneously — and Frank Reid died from his wounds twelve days later. Jesse Murphy is believed by some to be responsible for killing Smith, but the official coroner's inquest ruled "that said Smith [died] by reason of pistol wound piercing the heart. The said wound was the result of a pistol shot fired by one Frank H. Reid."

Smith and Reid are now interred at the Klondike Gold Rush Cemetery, also known as "Skagway's Boot Hill."

The prospectors' journey began for many when they climbed the mountains over the White Pass above Skagway and onward across the Canada–US border to Bennett Lake, or one of its neighboring lakes, where they built barges and floated down the Yukon River to the gold fields around Dawson City. Others disembarked at nearby Dyea, northwest of Skagway, and crossed northward on the Chilkoot Pass, an existing Tlingit trade route to reach the lakes. The Dyea route fell out of favor when larger ships began to arrive, as its harbor was too shallow for them except at high tide. Officials in Canada began requiring that each prospector entering Canada on the north side of the White Pass bring with him one ton (909 kg) of supplies, to ensure that he did not starve during the winter. This placed a large burden on the prospectors and the pack animals climbing the steep pass.

In 1898, a 14-mile, steam-operated aerial tramway was constructed up the Skagway side of the White Pass, easing the burden of those prospectors who could afford the fee to use it. The Chilkoot Trail tramways also began to operate in the Chilkoot Pass above Dyea. In 1896, before the Klondike gold rush had begun, a group of investors saw an opportunity for a railroad over that route. It was not until May 1898 that the White Pass and Yukon Route began laying narrow gauge railroad tracks in Skagway. The railroad depot was constructed between September and December 1898. This destroyed the viability of Dyea, as Skagway had both the deep-water port and the railroad. Construction of McCabe College, the first school in Alaska to offer a college preparatory high school curriculum, began in 1899. The school was completed in 1900.

By 1899, the stream of gold-seekers had diminished and Skagway's economy began to collapse. By 1900, when the railroad was completed, the gold rush was nearly over. In 1900, Skagway was incorporated as the first city in the Alaska Territory. Much of the history of Skagway was saved by early residents such as Martin Itjen, who ran a tour bus around the historical town. He was responsible for saving and maintaining the gold- rush cemetery from complete loss. He purchased Soapy Smith's saloon (Jeff Smith's Parlor) from going the way of the wrecking ball, and placed many early artifacts of the city's early history inside and opened Skagway's first museum.

In July 1923, President Warren G. Harding visited Skagway while on his historic tour through Alaska. Harding was the first President of the United States to travel and tour Alaska while in office. The Canol pipeline was extended to Skagway in the 1940s where oil was shipped in by sea and pumped north.

Geography
Skagway is located at 59.46861°N, -135.30583°W (59.468519, −135.305962).

Skagway is located in a narrow glaciated valley at the head of the Taiya Inlet, the north end of the Lynn Canal, which is the most northern fjord on the Inside Passage on the south coast of Alaska. It is in the Alaska panhandle 90 miles northwest of Juneau, Alaska's capital city.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 464 sqmi, of which 452 sqmi is land and 12 sqmi (2.5%) is water. It is currently the smallest borough in Alaska, having taken the title away from Bristol Bay Borough at its creation.

Adjacent boroughs

 * Haines Borough, Alaska – south, west
 * Stikine Region, British Columbia – north, east

National protected areas

 * Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park (part, also in Seattle, Washington)
 * Tongass National Forest (part)

Climate
Skagway has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dsb). It is in the rain shadow of the coastal mountains, and though not as pronounced as the rain shadow in Southcentral Alaska in the valley of the Susitna River, this still allows it to receive only half as much precipitation as Juneau and only a sixth as much as Yakutat. Although winters are too cold for the classification, precipitation patterns resemble a mediterranean climate due to the summer precipitation minimum. The highest temperature recorded in Skagway is 92 F in three separate years, most recently in 2019, and the lowest is -24 F on February 2, 1947.

North winds prevail at Skagway from November to March. South winds prevail from April to October.

Demographics
Skagway first appeared on the 1900 U.S. Census, having incorporated as a city that same year. It was the 2nd largest city in Alaska, behind fellow Gold Rush boomtown Nome. It reported 3,117 residents, of which 2,845 were White, 113 were Native Americans, 98 were Black and 61 were Asian. It rapidly declined to 872 residents by 1910, falling to the 8th largest city. It reported 802 Whites, 61 Native Americans and 9 Others. It would be 90 years (until 2000) before it would almost reach that population again (862). It fell to 15th largest community overall in 1920. By 1930, it bottomed out at 492 residents, although it rose to 13th largest in the state. In 1940, it fell to 16th. By 1950, 19th. 1960, it tied for 29th place (16th largest incorporated). In 1970, it dropped to 45th (24th largest incorporated). In 1980, it rose to 35th place. In 1990, it fell to 53rd place. In 2000, it was at 60th place overall (29th largest incorporated). In 2007, with the creation of the Skagway Municipality out of Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon, it ceased to be an incorporated city and became a census-designated place (CDP). As of 2010, it is the 71st largest community in Alaska.

As of the census of 2000, there were 862 people, 401 households, and 214 families residing in the city. The population density was 1.9 /mi2. There were 502 housing units at an average density of 1.1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 92.3% White, 3.0% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. 2.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 401 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.4% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was distributed with 20.5% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years old. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.7 males.

Personal income
The median income for a household in the city was $49,375, and the median income for a family was $62,188. Males had a median income of $44,583 versus $30,956 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,700. About 1.0% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
There are visitors to the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park and White Pass and Chilkoot Trails. Skagway has a historical district of about 100 buildings from the gold rush era. It receives about a million tourists annually, most of whom (about three quarters) come on cruise ships. The White Pass and Yukon Route operates its narrow-gauge train around Skagway during the summer months, primarily for tourists. The WPYR also ships copper ore from the interior. The Days of '98 Show is performed in Skagway's Fraternal Order of Eagles Hall.

Transportation
Skagway is one of three Southeast Alaskan communities that are connected to the road system; Skagway's connection is via the Klondike Highway, completed in 1978. This allows access to the lower 48, Whitehorse, Yukon, northern British Columbia, and the Alaska Highway. This also makes Skagway an important port-of-call for the Alaska Marine Highway — Alaska's ferry system — and serves as the northern terminus of the important and heavily used Lynn Canal corridor. (The other Southeast Alaskan communities with road access are Haines and Hyder.)

The White Pass and Yukon Route is a railway that formerly linked Whitehorse, Yukon in Canada to Skagway, the railway's southernmost terminus. Today, trains travel several times a week from May through September from Skagway to the small community of Carcross, approximately 45 miles south/southwest of Whitehorse. There, passengers (mostly tourists) can make connections via bus to Whitehorse.

Skagway Airport receives service from two bush carriers: Alaska Seaplanes, and Air Excursions.

Local radio and newspapers
Skagway is served by its local semimonthly newspaper, The Skagway News, as well as regional public radio station KHNS, which has its principal studios in nearby Haines but also has studios and programs based in Skagway. Juneau radio station KINY operates a translator in Skagway which serves the entire town.

Skagway also receives copies of the free regional newspaper Capital City Weekly.

Featured in media
Skagway and the surrounding goldfields in 1897-8 is the main setting for George Markstein's 1978 novel 'Tara Kane′, which also features fictionalised versions of Jefferson 'Soapy' Smith and his gang, along with photographer Eric A. Hegg (called Ernst Hart in the novel).

In the Three Stooges short In the Sweet Pie and Pie, Skagway receives a humorous mention: "Edam Neckties, with three convenient locations: Skagway, Alaska; Little America; and Pago Pago."

Skagway is a featured setting in the 1946 film Road to Utopia, starring Bob Hope and Bing Crosby.

In Jack London's short story "The Unexpected," the main characters spend the winter of 1897–98 in "the mushroom outfitting-town of Skaguay" before moving on to stake a gold-mining claim elsewhere.

Skagway is featured in the 1955 Western The Far Country, directed by Anthony Mann.

Skagway is a town featured in the computer game The Yukon Trail.

Skagway and the surrounding region is a campaign available in a modification of the helicopter combat simulator "Enemy Engaged: Comanche vs. Hokum" (version 1.16.0)

In an episode of Homeland Security USA, the border crossing in Skagway was featured as being the least-used crossing in the United States.

Chief Inspector Fenwick often dryly referred to nearby "big city" "Skagway" when sending his mounty, Dudley Do-Right, to capture the show's evil nemesis, Snidely Whiplash.

Skagway's Mo Mountain Mutts came to prominence in 2023 when its "puppy bus" video went viral.

Health care
Skagway is served by Dahl Memorial Clinic, the only primary health clinic in the area. The facility is usually staffed by 3 Advanced Nurse Practitioners and 3 Medical Assistants and is open Monday through Friday year-round with limited Saturday hours during summer. The clinic also operates after hours in emergency situations. The borough is also served 24/7 by local EMS. Individuals in need of dire medical attention are transported by air via helicopter or air ambulance to Bartlett Regional Hospital in Juneau (an approximately 45 minute flight). Whitehorse General Hospital in Whitehorse, Yukon is the nearest hospital to Skagway that is accessible by road (an approximately 2 hour drive).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Skagway, Alaska


text:
Tenakee Springs, Alaska

Tenakee Springs is a city on Chichagof Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 131, up from 104 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Tenakee Springs is located on the northern part of Chichagof Island at 57.77806°N, -135.21972°W (57.778095, -135.219618), on the north side of Tenakee Inlet, about 10 mi west of its mouth in Chatham Strait. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.5 km2, of which 36.7 km2 are land and 12.8 km2, or 25.78%, are water.

Demographics
Tenakee Springs first appeared on the 1910 U.S. Census as the unincorporated village of "Tenakee." It reported under that name until 1940. From 1950-onwards, it reported under its present name of Tenakee Springs. It formally incorporated in 1971.

As of the census of 2000, there were 104 people, 59 households, and 28 families residing in the city. The population density was 7.5 PD/sqmi. There were 144 housing units at an average density of 10.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.50% White, 2.88% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 0.96% Pacific Islander, 1.92% from other races, and 5.77% from two or more races. 2.88% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 59 households, out of which 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.5% were non-families. 47.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.76 and the average family size was 2.46.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 13.5% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 42.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $38,125 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,482. There were 9.1% of families and 11.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 10.0% of under eighteens and 33.3% of those over 64.

Transportation
Tenakee Springs is served by the Tenakee Seaplane Base and Alaska Marine Highway.

Education
The Chatham School District operates the Tenakee Springs School, a school building used to support homeschooling families. In periods prior to 2016 it was a full-service school.

title: Tenakee Springs, Alaska


text:
Whitestone Logging Camp, Alaska

Whitestone Logging Camp (Lingít: Yan Kashada Tináa ) is a census-designated place (CDP) on Chichagof Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, United States. In 2010, the population was 17, down from 116 in 2000. It is not to be confused with Whitestone, another CDP in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area.

Geography
Whitestone Logging Camp is located on the northern side of Chichagof Island at 58.08528°N, -135.44833°W (58.085264, -135.448453). It lies adjacent to the south side of the city of Hoonah. The community of Game Creek lies adjacent to its southwest side.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 28.4 km2, all of it land.

Demographics
Whitestone Logging Camp first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

At the 2000 census, there were 116 people, 36 households and 28 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 11.1 PD/sqmi. There were 45 housing units at an average density of 4.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.24% White, 2.59% Native American, 0.86% Asian, and 4.31% from two or more races.

There were 36 households, of which 52.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, and 22.2% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.57.

33.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 33.6% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 0.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 165.5 males.

The median household income was $60,625 and the median family income was $64,375. Males had a median income of $72,083 compared with $27,917 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,810. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

title: Whitestone Logging Camp, Alaska


text:
Alcan Border, Alaska

Alcan Border, also known as Port Alcan, is a census-designated place in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. Part of the Unorganized Borough, Alcan Border is the site of the Alcan - Beaver Creek Border Crossing, the main U.S. port of entry for persons arriving in Alaska by road. The population was 33 at the 2010 census, up from 21 in 2000.

Location and climate
Alcan Border is located at 62.66167°N, -141.16111°W (Sec. 04, T026N, R022E, Copper River Meridian) in the Fairbanks Recording District. It is just inside the Alaska-Canada border, southeast of Northway and northwest of Beaver Creek, Yukon, along the Alaska Highway.

Alcan Border has a dry-winter continental subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 148.6 sqmi, of which 147.9 sqmi is land and 0.7 sqmi (0.50%) is water.

History, culture and demographics
Alcan Border first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as the census-designated place (CDP) of "Alcan." The name was changed to Alcan Border with the 2000 census.

The name is derived from the Alaska-Canadian (Alcan) highway, now the Alaska Highway, and the fact that its eastern boundary (as defined by the Census Bureau) is the Yukon Territory, Canada border.

The Alcan community consists of families employed by federal customs at the entry point into the U.S. and Alaska from Canada. Students attend school in Northway or are home-schooled through correspondence study. During the 2000 U.S. Census, total housing units numbered 13, and vacant housing units numbered 4. Vacant housing units used only seasonally numbered 2. Census data showed 11 residents as employed. The unemployment rate at that time was 0 percent, although 35.29 percent of all adults were not in the work force. The median household income was $65,000, per capita income was $21,938, and 0 percent of residents were living below the poverty level.

As of the census of 2000, there were 21 people, 9 households, and 6 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.1 PD/sqmi. There were 13 housing units at an average density of 0.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 66.67% White, 23.81% Native American, 4.76% Asian, 4.76% from other races. 9.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, and 33.3% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 33.3% from 25 to 44, and 38.1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $65,000, and the median income for a family was $87,041. Males had a median income of $77,036 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,938. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Facilities and infrastructure
Alcan residents derive water from a piped community well system and individual wells. Approximately 60% of the homes have complete plumbing. A piped community sewage system serves the majority of households, and outhouses or individual septic tanks are also used. A central generator distributes electrical power. Electricity is provided by Alaska Power & Telephone. There are no state operated schools in the community. The nearest healthcare facilities are in Northway or Tok. Alcan is classified as an isolated village, it is found in EMS Region 1C in the Interior Region. Emergency services have highway and air access. Emergency service is provided by volunteers.

Alcan Border is part of the Alaska Gateway School District. Walter Northway School, a K-12 campus, serves community students.

Alaska does not have a state sales tax and Alcan Border is in the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no local tax authority.

title: Alcan Border, Alaska


text:
Big Delta, Alaska

Big Delta is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 591 at the 2010 census, down from 749 in 2000. Big Delta is at the confluence of the Delta River and the Tanana River and gets its name from the huge river delta formed by the confluence.

History
From at least 10,000 years ago to the present, Athabascan Indians have inhabited portions of the interior of Alaska. They survived by hunting the abundant game and fishing in the rivers of the interior of Alaska.

Beginning in 1899, the United States Army built a pack trail from Valdez, on the south coast of Alaska, to Eagle, northeast of Big Delta, a distance of about 660 km. The trail crossed the Tanana River near the confluence of the Delta and Tanana Rivers.

Gold was discovered in 1902 in Fairbanks, about 150 km north of the crossing of the Tanana River. Roadhouses were built along the pack trail that connected the south coast of Alaska with Fairbanks. One such roadhouse was Bates Landing, which was built at the confluence of the Delta and Tanana Rivers, about 12 km north of the current Delta Junction, in the area known now as Big Delta. The U. S. government collected a toll on the south side of the Tanana River from all passengers crossing north. In 1904 work began on the Richardson Highway, which mostly followed the route of the pack trail.

In 1906, John Hajdukovich bought the roadhouse and enlarged it. In addition to running the lodge there, he took hunting parties into the nearby Granite Mountains and traded with the Athabaskans in the surrounding area. An 18-year-old Swedish girl named Rika Wallen came to the roadhouse to work for John. After several years, John deeded the roadhouse to Rika in lieu of back wages he owed her. Rika also homesteaded an adjoining piece of land. Rika's Roadhouse and the adjacent property are now the Big Delta State Historical Park.

In 1928 a herd of bison were brought from the U. S. state of Montana to Big Delta, because they were thought to be threatened with extinction in the continental United States. The herd still roams in the Delta Junction area, about 12 km south of Big Delta.

The construction of the Alaska Highway during World War II shifted much of the economic activity of the area south to Delta Junction. Later history of the area can be found in the entry for Delta Junction.

Geography
Big Delta is located at 64.14722°N, -145.80167°W (64.147324, -145.801545).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 61.1 sqmi, of which, 55.2 sqmi of it is land and 5.9 sqmi of it (9.70%) is water.

Climate
Big Delta has a dry-winter humid continental climate (Köppen Dwc) with short, mild summers and long, severely cold winters.

Demographics
Big Delta first appeared on the 1950 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It did not appear again until 1980 when it was made a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 749 people, 165 households, and 117 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 13.6 PD/sqmi. There were 232 housing units at an average density of 4.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.46% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 1.47% Native American, 0.53% Asian, and 2.40% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 165 households, out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18 and the average family size was 3.90.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.3% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,000, and the median income for a family was $53,125. Males had a median income of $32,250 versus $37,708 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,803. About 7.9% of families and 30.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Big Delta, Alaska


text:
Chicken, Alaska

Chicken is a tiny unincorporated village in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska. It is a community founded on gold mining, and is one of the few surviving gold rush towns in Alaska. The population was 12 at the time of the 2020 census, up from 7 in 2010. However, usually year round, there are 17 inhabitants. Due to mining, Chicken's population peaks during the summer. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. There is a cafe with gas station, a small hotel, an RV park, a small general store and a saloon located at Chicken.

History
Chicken was settled by gold miners in the late 19th century. In 1902 the local post office was established, requiring a community name. Due to the prevalence of ptarmigan in the area, that name was suggested as the official name for the new community. However, the spelling could not be agreed on, and "Chicken" was used to avoid embarrassment. A portion of Chicken, with buildings from the early 1900s and the F.E. Company Dredge No. 4 (Pedro Dredge), is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Chicken Historic District. Chicken is the outpost for the 40 Mile mining district. There are still active gold mines and inactive gold dredges in this area. Enough gold was mined here to make it worthwhile to haul huge gold dredges to this remote location.

On September 7, 2021 Jack in the Box released an ad campaign claiming to have purchased the town for 10,000 Cluck Chicken Sandwiches and a commemorative hat. The company explains on a website created for the campaign this was only an ad, but that the company has donated $10,000 to help the town amid the pandemic. However, as of September 2021 the downtown area of Chicken (not owned by Jack in the Box) was for sale, including the Chicken Creek Cafe, the Chicken Creek Saloon, a liquor store, a gas station, the Chicken Mercantile Emporium, and a 1400 sq. ft. residential cabin.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 115.4 sqmi, all of it land.

Chicken is accessible by air via Chicken Airport, and by road via Alaska Route 5, the Taylor Highway, which is not maintained from mid-October through mid-March.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Chicken has a dry-winter subarctic climate (Koppen: Dwc), it is characterized by extremely cold and long winters and warm, short summers. The average temperature of Chicken is 20.2 F, July is the hottest month with 56.1 F, and the coldest month is January with -20.0 F. Although Chicken has a latitude of 64°N, it is hardly affected by the Chinook winds. So far, the maximum temperature in January has never exceeded 32 F, and the extreme high temperature in December is also 32 F. Even in the hottest months, nighttime temperatures are low enough that there is a greater chance of frost in the hottest months of the year, June and July. Extreme temperatures range from -72 F to 91 F. Among them, four days of extreme low temperature were recorded, namely January 1, 2000, February 7–8, 2008, and December 31, 1999. Chicken holds the United States record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in the country in December. Chicken’s extreme high temperature was recorded for two days, both occurred on July 4 and 7, 1998. The record cold daily maximum is −64 °F, set on January 1, 2000, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 61 °F on June 9, 2017. The coldest day of the year averaged -49 F in the 1991 to 2020 normals, while the warmest night average was at 53 F.

Demographics
Chicken first appeared as an unincorporated village on the 1930 U.S. Census. It appeared on the 1940 and 1950 censuses, but then did not appear again until 1980, when the Census Bureau selected Chicken to be part of, and name-source for, a census-designated place (CDP). It was then abandoned as a CDP for a decade and the Census Bureau again did not publish the village-only population in 1990, but the CDP was re-established in 2000. Populations available for Chicken from 2000 onward include, therefore, residents of the entire CDP and not just the village proper.

Depictions in literature
The biographical novel Tisha: The Story of a Young Teacher in the Alaskan Wilderness, by Robert Specht, tells the story of Anne Hobbs, a white teacher in Chicken during the 1920s.

In the short story The Red Convertible, by Louise Erdrich, Henry and Lyman take a road trip from Montana to Chicken, Alaska.

title: Chicken, Alaska


text:
Delta Junction, Alaska

Delta Junction (Делта-Джанкшен; Делта-Джанкшен), officially the City of Delta Junction, is a small city in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 958, up from 840 in 2000. The 2018 estimate was down to 931. The city is located a short distance south of the confluence of the Delta River with the Tanana River, which is at Big Delta. It is about 160 km south of Fairbanks. Native inhabitants are Tanana Athabaskans.

History
For at least 10,000 years, Athabascan indigenous peoples have inhabited portions of the interior of Alaska. Early inhabitants survived by hunting and fishing. The early history of non-native settlement in the area occurred at the river crossing at Big Delta and is found at the entry, Big Delta, Alaska.

In 1904, the location first served as a telegraph station. In 1928, a herd of 23 bison were brought from the National Bison Range in Montana to an area south of Big Delta to provide an additional game species for hunters. Buffalo Center, a small community near the center of present-day Delta Junction, was named because of their presence, especially during the winter months. The huge animals were troublesome, and sometimes made landings dangerous at nearby Allen Field.

World War II (1941–1945)

During World War II, the United States aided the Soviet Union against Germany by sending airplanes and supplies authorized by the Lend-lease Act to the Soviet Union through Alaska into the Russian Far East. The Alaska Highway was built to connect an existing road in Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada, with the Richardson Highway in Alaska, a distance of 2290 km.

The Alaska Highway met the Richardson Highway at a point 12 km south along the Delta River from Big Delta. The place where the highways met became known as Delta Junction. Allen Field was constructed 5 mi south of Delta Junction for use in sending supplies to Russia. The Glenn Highway was built from Anchorage to what is now Glennallen, where it met the Richardson Highway. This connection created a motor route between Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska.

Cold War (1945–1991)
After World War II, a U.S. army base, Fort Greely, was built next to the air field. The base, and a huge tract of land around it, was used for training soldiers for cold weather combat during the Cold War with the former Soviet Union. In 1957, the Richardson Highway was paved. About this time, portions of the Alaska Highway were also paved. The army base and tourism brought on the highways, caused a boom in the area's economy and the commercial center of the area moved from Big Delta to Delta Junction. Some people also began farming and raising livestock in the Delta Junction area. This farming required new techniques to accommodate the short growing season and the cold and dark winters of interior Alaska.

Delta Junction was incorporated on December 19, 1960. Oil was discovered in the North Slope of Alaska in 1968. In 1974, construction began on the pipeline to transport the oil from the North Slope to Valdez. The pipeline construction also aided the economy of the area. Delta Junction experienced a temporary boom, similar to the gold rush, that resulted in a wave of new residents and businesses in the community. Cost of living during this period was well above the national average due to transportation costs, as well as gouging. Prostitution and bars flourished — as did churches and religious communes.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Tanana Valley was designated as a potential agricultural area for Alaska. The state of Alaska then made large tracts of land available to future farmers for purchase. Significant was establishment of the "Barley Project" east of the city. Plans were made to grow barley, ship it to Valdez via a future rail terminal, and from there ship it overseas to Asia. Though farms were established and a storage facility constructed in Valdez, the railroad never came, essentially resulting in the failure of the project.

Political pressure and growing costs resulted in the project being defunded upon change in governors. Today, these original farms are primarily used as pasture or for hay production though barley, potatoes, carrots, and even wheat are still grown with limited commercial success. With the availability of a nearby meat processing facility (Delta Meat and Sausage Company), many farmers turned to cattle with limited success. In addition, the area is now known for production of exotic meats such as yak, bison, and elk.

In 1971, the George Parks Highway between Anchorage and Fairbanks was completed. This highway followed the railroad route and was a shorter route for motorists traveling between Anchorage and Fairbanks than the Glenn and Richardson Highway route. Many travelers used the new highway, bypassing Delta Junction. In 1977, pipeline construction ended. The Cold War also ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. These events caused a decline in the economy of Delta Junction.

Contemporary (1991–present)
During the 1990s and 2000s, immigrants from the former Soviet republics came to the area, significantly changing the makeup of the local population. Fort Greely was included on the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) list in 1995. From 1995 to 2002, Fort Greely was gradually re-aligned through a gradual drawdown in both military and civilian personnel. Once BRAC was complete in 2002, Fort Greely remained open but was staffed with fewer than 100 military and civilian personnel. During this time the remaining workers were either associated with public works functions or the Cold Regions Test Center, which continued testing on the installation. Headquarters for both the Cold Regions Test Center and the Northern Warfare Training Center moved to Fort Wainwright in Fairbanks in 2002. Base housing and numerous surplus buildings remained vacant, though the Army continued heating and maintaining them.

Re-alignment of Fort Greely resulted in heated discussion throughout the Delta Junction community over a proposal to site a privately operated state prison within surplus buildings on Fort Greely. Eventually, the city of Delta Junction entered into a contract with Allvest Corporation to operate this prison. Plans for the prison eventually fell through. Allvest Corporation subsequently sued Delta Junction for $1million for breach of contract.

Shortly after BRAC was complete, the United States government announced plans to build a missile defense installation at Fort Greely. The installation was then divided into two parts operated by two different commands — U.S. Army Garrison Alaska and Space and Missile Defense Command. The main post retained the name Fort Greely and is operated by the Space and Missile Defense Command. Outlying range, training and impact areas were absorbed by Fort Wainwright and were renamed Donnelly Training Area.

From 2002 to 2005, Delta Junction experienced an economic boom similar to the pipeline days as Fort Greely became fully operational again and the missile test bed was constructed. National firms such as Boeing, Bechtel, and Brown and Root, as well as regional firms including Chugach opened up offices on the installation, under contract to the government. Construction of the Pogo Gold Mine just north of Delta Junction, near the Goodpaster River, also contributed significantly to the economic fortune of the city. Mineral deposits near Tangle Lakes, south of Delta Junction, will likely result in additional development of mining in the area.

Geography
"Big Delta" lies at the intersection of the Delta River and the Tanana River. The city of Delta Junction sits on the Delta River at the intersection of the Richardson Highway and the terminus of the Alaska Highway. The city and Delta community lie within the fertile Tanana River valley. Three mountain ranges—the White Mountains to the north, the Granite Mountains to the southeast, and the Alaska Range to the southwest—and the Delta River to the west surround the city.

Once overlain by glaciers, the geology is marked by glacial moraines as well as alluvial deposits from the Delta and Tanana Rivers. Numerous mineral deposits are found in the vicinity of Delta Junction ranging from gold to molybdenum to coal. A prominent natural feature on the landscape is Donnelly Dome, located within the Donnelly Training Area of Fort Wainwright (formerly a part of nearby Fort Greely until 2001), to the south of Delta Junction. This dome was formed as a glacier coming from the Alaska Range split in two, carving away sides of a former mountain.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.3 sqmi, all land.

Climate
As is typical of the Alaska Interior, Delta Junction has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc), closely bordering on a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk). The average high temperature is below freezing from mid-October thru late March, and during the height of winter cold, as the town is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 2a, the coldest conditions of the year typically bottom out in the -45 to -50 F range, with sub-0 °F highs a common occurrence. Precipitation averages at only 11.62 in annually, and over half of this total occurs from June to August.

Snow, which typically falls from October to April and sometimes May and September, is generally not heavy due to the dry climate, and averages 54 in per season. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −63 °F on January 30, 1947, up to 92 °F on June 15, 1969. Delta Junction has an unofficial record low of -72 °F set on January 6, 1975 (as seen on the big thermometer in the town center) but the Delta Junction weather station and NOAA refuse to acknowledge this record as legitimate, as such temperatures are atypical for the region and atypical temperature readings are usually inaccurate.

The coldest daily maximum on record from Delta Junction was an extremely cold -55 F in January 1975. During an average year between 1991 and 2020, the coldest maximum averaged -39 F. Summer nights are seldom warm but nevertheless did not fall below 70 F in August 1999. During an average year the warmest low is 61 F.

Delta Junction was known as the "Windy City" and "Little Chicago" by many soldiers on Fort Greely. In Delta Junction itself, but not in the nearby areas, wind blows many days from the south down the Delta River from the Gulf of Alaska, bringing river silt in the summer and snowdrifts in the winter. There are usually several days in the winter when the temperature is in the range of −40 °F/°C when a wind (known as a Chinook wind) begins to blow. A few minutes later, the temperature climbs to above the freezing mark. When the wind stops, the temperature returns to colder ranges.

Delta Junction's prevailing winds are from the east.

 * Notes:

Demographics
Delta Junction first appeared on the 1970 U.S. Census as an incorporated city.

Race and ethnicity
As of the census of 2000, there were 840 people, 312 households, and 208 families residing in the city. The population density was 48.7 PD/sqmi. There were 422 housing units at an average density of 24.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.43% White, 1.07% Black or African American, 4.05% Native American, 0.95% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 2.38% from two or more races. 0.83% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Delta Junction has the highest percentage of Ukrainian people in the United States, with 16.4% of residents having been born in Ukraine and an even higher total number having Ukrainian ancestry. According to the 2000 Census, 19.64% of the general population and 31.10% of those aged 5–17 used either Russian or Ukrainian as home language. Delta Junction is home for a sizable community of Russian Orthodox Old Believers.

Age and gender
Of the 312 households, 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 32.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.6 males.

Income
The median income for a household in the city was $43,500, and the median income for a family was $58,250. Males had a median income of $50,469 versus $25,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,171. About 12.3% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.8% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Construction and maintenance of the military facilities, mining, agriculture, tourism and their support industries form the backbone of the area economy. An Alaska Railroad spur from Fairbanks to Delta Junction has been proposed to transport material to the missile defense site. This could facilitate other types of industry in Delta Junction, as the railroad could transport agricultural products out of the area as well as promote tourist travel into the area by rail.

Many people in Delta Junction supplement their food supply by hunting the moose, caribou, Dall sheep and bison in the area, as well as fishing. A few operate small gold mines or hunt or trap fur-bearing animals for extra income. Delta Junction, like most Alaskan communities, has a small airstrip where charter flights are available for sightseeing, hunting and fishing. Due to limited shopping availability, many residents travel to Fairbanks via the Richardson Highway to purchase goods and services. Though Delta has a clinic, primary medical care is also in Fairbanks.

Parks and recreation
The area around Delta Junction is home to a number of parks. Just north of the city is the Quartz Lake State Recreation Area. South of the city is the Clearwater State recreation Site, a 27 acre park with a campground and access to the Delta Clearwater River.

Further south is the Delta State Recreation Site, a 23 acre park directly across from the Delta River. It has a campground, a nearby airstrip, and views of the Alaska Range. The Donnelly Creek State Recreation Site is an isolated 46 acre park in an alpine environment. The park has a campground and is considered a prime spot for wildlife viewing and is adjacent to the calving grounds for the bison herd.

In the early 1980s, the 90000 acre Delta Junction Bison Range, south of the Alaska Highway and between Ft. Greely and the Little Gerstle River was established. The range is managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to provide fall habitat for bison to reduce farm depredations and to provide habitat for other wildlife. The herd is now kept at several hundred animals by the annual issuance of hunting permits.

Education
Public education in Delta Junction is provided by the Delta-Greely School District, which combines the city with neighboring communities such as Big Delta, Deltana, Fort Greely Gerstle River School, and Healy Lake. In 2007, Delta Junction Elementary School was named a National Blue Ribbon School.

Notable people
Cindy Lou Aillaud author of “Recess at 20 Below”
 * Ben Grossmann (c. 1977), grew up in Delta Junction, 2012 Academy Award winner for his work on Hugo

Sean Purucker notable costumer for many projects including “The Masked Singer”

title: Delta Junction, Alaska


text:
Deltana, Alaska

Deltana is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,359, up from 2,251 in 2010. Native inhabitants are Tanana Athabaskans.

History
In 1904, the U.S. Army Signal Corps built the McCarty Telegraph station on a site near a roadhouse established the previous year at the confluence of the Tanana and Delta rivers. The Chisana gold strike of 1913 brought many hopeful prospectors to the area. In the 1920s, many American Bison were brought to the area, and in 1927, the name was changed to Buffalo Center.

In 1942, five miles south of Deltana, Fort Greely was constructed. Beef cattle were shipped during the 1950s, and during the 1970s, the local economy was given another boost with the completion of the trans-Alaska pipeline.

In 1980, 70,000 acre of land were set aside as the Delta Bison Range to confine the bison and separate the expanding herd from local farmland.

Geography
Deltana is located at 63.96389°N, -145.40889°W (63.963825, -145.408931).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 565.2 sqmi, of which, 562.2 sqmi of it is land and 3.0 sqmi of it (0.52%) is water.

Demographics
Deltana first appeared on the 2000 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,570 people, 539 households, and 417 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2.8 PD/sqmi. There were 669 housing units at an average density of 1.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.6% White, 1.2% Black or African American, 0.9% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 4.8% from two or more races. 1.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Deltana has the second highest percentage of residents, having been born in Ukraine in the United States at 8.4%, with an even higher total percentage of residents being Ukrainians or having Ukrainian ancestry.

There were 539 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87, and the average family size was 3.30.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.9 males.

Income
The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,066, and the median income for a family was $53,021. Males had a median income of $42,500 versus $31,042 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,446. About 12.1% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.9% of those under age 18 and 0.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Deltana, Alaska


text:
Dot Lake, Alaska

Dot Lake (Kelt’aaddh Menn’ in Tanacross) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is located on the Alaska Highway between Delta Junction and Tok. The population was 13 at the 2010 census, down from 19 in 2000.

Geography
Dot Lake is located at 63.65861°N, -144.06583°W (63.658742, -144.065816).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 279.1 sqmi, of which, 278.0 sqmi of it is land and 1.1 sqmi of it (0.38%) is water.

Demographics
Dot Lake first appeared on the 1960 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980. Dot Lake Village, a native (Alaskan Indian) village within the Dot Lake CDP, was carved off as a separate CDP in 2000, which accounted for the substantial drop in population.

As of the census of 2000, there were 19 people, 10 households, and 6 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.1 PD/sqmi. There were 19 housing units at an average density of 0.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 84.21% White, and 15.79% from two or more races.

There were 10 households, out of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 2.50.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 15.8% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 42.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $13,750, and the median income for a family was $62,500. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,406. There were no families and 5.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 33.3% of those over 64.

Education
Dot Lake is part of the Alaska Gateway School District. Dot Lake School, a K-12 campus, serves community students.

title: Dot Lake, Alaska


text:
Dot Lake Village, Alaska

Dot Lake Village (Kelt’aaddh Menn’ in Tanacross Athabascan) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 62 at the 2010 census, up from 38 in 2000.

Geography
Dot Lake Village is located at 63.65028°N, -144.04278°W (63.650261, -144.042721).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.6 sqmi, all of it land.

Demographics
Dot Lake Village first appeared on the 2000 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP). It was subdivided from Dot Lake CDP, which surrounds Dot Lake Village, in order to establish a separate native village.

As of the census of 2000, there were 38 people, 15 households, and 10 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 10.5 PD/sqmi. There were 25 housing units at an average density of 6.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 23.68% White, 57.89% Native American, and 18.42% from two or more races.

There were 15 households, out of which 53.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.3% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 34.2% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 171.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $16,250, and the median income for a family was $16,667. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,476. None of the families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line. None of those under the age of 18 or above the age of 65 were living below the poverty line.

title: Dot Lake Village, Alaska


text:
Dry Creek, Alaska

Dry Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 94, down from 128 in 2000.

Geography
Dry Creek is located at 63.68361°N, -144.60417°W (63.683609, −144.604040).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 156.5 sqmi, of which 156.4 sqmi (99.94%) is land and 0.1 sqmi (0.06%) is water.

Climate
Dry Creek has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc).

Demographics
Dry Creek first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 128 people, 37 households, and 30 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.8 PD/sqmi. There were 38 housing units at an average density of 0.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 100.00% White. 7.03% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 37 households, out of which 54.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.4% were married couples living together, 2.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.9% were non-families. 13.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.46 and the average family size was 3.87.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 43.8% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 14.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $12,500, and the median income for a family was $10,000. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,780. There were 62.5% of families and 69.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 73.8% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Many abuses have been reported since the beginning of this religious commune.

title: Dry Creek, Alaska


text:
Eagle, Alaska

Eagle (Tthee T’äwdlenn in Hän Athabascan ) is a village on the south bank of the Yukon River, near the Canada–US border in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area in Alaska, United States. It includes the Eagle Historic District, a U.S. National Historic Landmark. The population was 86 at the 2010 census. Every February, Eagle hosts a checkpoint for the long-distance Yukon Quest sled dog race.

Geography
Eagle is located at 64.78611°N, -141.2°W (64.786022, -141.199917), in a straight line about 5.9 mi west of the border between Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada at the 141st meridian west.

Eagle is on the southern bank of the Yukon River at the end of the Taylor Highway, near Yukon–Charley Rivers National Preserve.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Like most of Alaska, Eagle has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc) with long, severely cold, dry winters occasionally moderated by chinook winds, and short, warm summers. In the absence of chinook moderation, winter temperatures can be dangerously cold: in the notoriously cold month of December 1917, the temperature did not rise above -25 F and it averaged -46 F. When chinooks occur, winter temperatures can get above 32 F, doing so on an average of five days per winter.

History
For thousands of years prior to Europeans arriving in Alaska, the Eagle area was home to many indigenous peoples, including the Han.

The first known American-built structure in Eagle was a log trading post called "Belle Isle", erected around 1874. Subsequently, in the late 1800s, Eagle became a supply and trading center for miners working the upper Yukon River and its tributaries. By the year 1898, Eagle's population had exceeded 1,700 persons; many newcomers journeyed to the area with word of the Klondike Gold Rush.

In 1901, Eagle became the first incorporated city of the Alaska Interior. It was named for the many eagles that nested on nearby Eagle Bluff. A United States Army camp, Fort Egbert, was built at Eagle in 1900. A telegraph line between Eagle and Valdez was completed in 1903. In 1905, Roald Amundsen arrived in Eagle and telegraphed the news of the Northwest Passage to the rest of the world.

The ensuing gold rushes in Nome and Fairbanks eventually lured people away from Eagle. In 1903, Judge James Wickersham moved the Third Division court from Eagle to Fairbanks. By 1910, Eagle's population had declined to its present-day level, below 200 people. Fort Egbert was abandoned in 1911.

Present-day Eagle is home to (mostly) people of European descent; nearby Eagle Village has a small population that is about 50 percent Han.

The town enjoyed some notoriety, as the setting of John McPhee's book Coming into the Country, first published in 1977 and becoming quite popular. Many of the buildings from the Gold Rush years are preserved as part of the Eagle Historic District, a National Historic Landmark district.

The Eagle area also is one of the locales featured on the National Geographic Channel series Life Below Zero.

Demographics
Eagle first appeared on the 1900 U.S. Census as Eagle City, although it was not incorporated until the following year. It was shortened to Eagle in the following census.

As of the census of 2000, there were 129 people, 58 households, and 37 families residing in the city. The population density was 127.9 /sqmi. There were 137 housing units at an average density of 135.8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 93.02% White, 6.20% Native American, and 0.78% from two or more races. 0.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 58 households, 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 3.1% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 44.2% from 45 to 64, and 3.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,042, and the median income for a family was $44,375. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,221. There were 2.6% of families and 16.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 40.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
In the 1970s high school-aged children took correspondence courses from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, with a local resident supervising their work. Eagle is now part of the Alaska Gateway School District. Eagle School, a K–12 campus, serves city students.

Eagle Historic District
The Eagle Historic District is a well-preserved example of the historic development in Northern Alaska. Fort Egbert was built in 1889 to serve a central governmental role for the area. Over 100 buildings from this era survive including the Federal courthouse which was funded by fines enacted against the rowdy inhabitants. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 27, 1970 and was designated as a National Historic Landmark on June 2, 1978.

title: Eagle, Alaska


text:
Eagle Village, Alaska

Eagle Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 67 at the 2010 census.

The village was destroyed in spring 2009 during severe flooding. Ice dams formed on the river, and the waters flooded behind them, destroying much of the old village. There were no fatalities.

The Eagle area has been the historical home to Han people since before the arrival of Europeans in Alaska. 30 people (44%) of Eagle Village population are Native Americans, mostly Han, but also some Gwich'in. Of the total Alaskan Hän population of about 50 people, perhaps 12 speak the language.

Eagle Village was called Johnny's in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by some people, after its chief at the time, known as John in English.

Geography
Eagle Village is located at 64.78139°N, -141.11472°W (64.781324, -141.114728) at the end of the Taylor Highway, next to Eagle on the Yukon River, in a straight line about 3.4 mi west of the border between Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada at the 141st meridian west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 19.1 sqmi, all of it land.

Demographics
Eagle Village first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as "Fetoutlin (David's people)", an unincorporated village with 106 residents, all of the Tinneh tribe. In 1890, it was called "David's Camp" with a population of 66. In 1920 through 1940, it appeared as Eagle Native Village (to distinguish it from neighboring Eagle to the west). It reappeared in 1980 as Eagle Village and made a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 68 people, 32 households, and 14 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3.6 PD/sqmi. There were 50 housing units at an average density of 2.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 55.88% White and 44.12% Alaska Natives.

There were 32 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.0% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 56.3% were non-families. 43.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 39.7% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 142.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $6,875, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $40,000 versus $47,917 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,887. There were 20.0% of families and 55.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 35.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
Eagle Village is part of the Alaska Gateway School District. Eagle School, a K-12 campus, serves community students.

title: Eagle Village, Alaska


text:
Fort Greely, Alaska

Fort Greely is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is home to the Fort Greely military installation. At the 2010 census the population was 539, up from 461 in 2000.

Geography
Fort Greely is located at 63.96722°N, -145.70917°W (63.905016, -145.554566). Fort Greely is located 5 mi south of Delta Junction on the Richardson Highway. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 169.7 sqmi. 169.4 sqmi of it is land and 0.4 sqmi of it (0.21%) is water.

Army Nuclear Power Program
Because of its remote location, Fort Greely was chosen as one of the first US military posts to have a compact, nuclear power reactor to generate heat and electricity, under the auspices of the Army Nuclear Power Program. A nuclear power plant, designated the SM-1A was flown in and installed between 1960–62, and was based on the Army's first prototype reactor, the SM-1 at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. SM-1A pressurized-water reactor reached initial criticality on March 13, 1962, and was shut down in 1972: the reactor core was removed and sent to the Savannah River nuclear site.

Demographics
Fort Greely first appeared as an unincorporated military installation on the 1970 U.S. Census. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980.

As of the census of 2000, there were 461 people, 126 households, and 112 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2.7/sq mi (1.1/km2). There were 354 housing units at an average density of 2.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.73% White, 19.74% Black or African American, 1.30% Native American, 1.30% Asian, 1.95% Pacific Islander, 3.69% from other races, and 6.29% from two or more races. 15.40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 126 households, 73.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.2% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.1% were non-families. 11.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.53.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38.6% under the age of 18, 16.1% from 18 to 24, 43.4% from 25 to 44, 2.0% from 45 to 64,. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $32,969. Males had a median income of $26,544 versus $21,375 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,368. About 11.6% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Climate
As it is not near the ocean, this area is drier than coastal Alaska and experiences seasonal extremes typical of subarctic areas. The annual precipitation is only 12 inches (305 mm), including 37 inches (94 cm) of snow. The average low temperature in January is −11 °F (−23 °C). The average high during July is +69 °F (+20 °C). Temperature extremes have been recorded from −63 °F to +92 °F (−53 °C to +33 °C).

Fort Greely is mostly sunny in the summer and split between clear and overcast days in the winter. On clear winter nights, the aurora borealis can often be seen dancing in the sky. Like all subarctic regions, the months from May to July in the summer have no night, only a twilight during the night hours. The months of November to January have little daylight.

Sources and references

 * "Fort Greely". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved July 18, 2006.
 * "Fort Greely". Fort Greely report May 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012.

title: Fort Greely, Alaska


text:
Healy Lake, Alaska

Healy Lake (Mendees Cheeg in the Healy Lake-Joseph Village dialect of Tanacross Athabascan, meaning "body of water, with an outlet") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 13 at the 2010 census, down from 37 in 2000.

Geography
Healy Lake is located at 63.98889°N, -144.70806°W (63.988835, -144.708173). The Healy Lake Village is located roughly 29 miles east of Delta Junction, Alaska.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 74.3 sqmi, of which, 66.2 sqmi of it is land and 8.1 sqmi of it (10.86%) is water. The lake is about 5 miles long.

Demographics
Healy Lake first appeared on the 1980 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 37 people, 13 households, and 9 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.6 PD/sqmi. There were 21 housing units at an average density of 0.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 27.03% White and 72.97% Native American.

Of the 13 households, 53.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.1% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 40.5% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64,. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 164.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 200.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,250, and the median income for a family was $53,750. Males had a median income of $25,417 versus $38,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,127. There were 12.5% of families and 9.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 5.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Archaeology
Coordinates: 64°N, 144°45'W

Healy Lake Village is a large historic and prehistoric site located on the NE shore of Healy Lake, ca 200 km SE of Fairbanks and 50 km E of Delta Junction, Alaska. It is located near Tanana River, and the Healy River. Ancient artifacts recovered in the area demonstrate human occupation spanning as much as 11,000 years.

Transportation
Healy Lake is not on the road system. The main way in or out is by air.

Healy Lake Airport is an airport serving Healy Lake. Scheduled airline passenger service at this airport is subsidized by the United States Department of Transportation via the Essential Air Service program.

Airline and destinations
The following airline offers scheduled passenger service at this airport:

Other sources for airport

 * Essential Air Service documents (Docket DOT-OST-1998-3546) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
 * Order 2004-5-13 (May 14, 2004): tentatively re-selects 40-Mile Air, Ltd., to provide essential air service at Healy Lake, Alaska, for a two-year period from June 1, 2004, through May 31, 2006, at an annual subsidy of $51,781.
 * Order 2006-4-11 (April 7, 2006): re-selecting 40-Mile Air, Ltd., to provide subsidized essential air service at Healy Lake, Alaska, at an annual subsidy rate of $71,105 for the period of June 1, 2006, through May 31, 2008.
 * Order 2008-4-41 (April 29, 2008): selected 40-Mile Air, Inc., to continue providing subsidized EAS at Chisana and Healy Lake for the two-year period through May 31, 2010, and established an annual subsidy rate of $77,683 for two nonstop round trips per week between Healy Lake and Fairbanks with 5-seat Cessna 206 or 207 aircraft.
 * Order 2010-4-15 (April 23, 2010): selected 40-Mile Air, Inc., to continue providing EAS at Chisana and Healy Lake for the two-year period through May 31, 2012, and established an annual subsidy rate of $98,915 for two nonstop round trips per week between Healy Lake and Fairbanks with 5-seat Cessna 206 or 207 aircraft.
 * Order 2012-6-18 (June 22, 2012): re-selecting 40-Mile Air, Inc., to continue providing Essential Air Service (EAS) at Chisana and Healy Lake, Alaska, and establishing annual subsidy rates of $81,040 and $104,703, respectively, for a new two-year period, through May 31, 2014. Two nonstop round trips between Healy Lake and Fairbanks with 5-seat Cessna 206 or 207 aircraft. Route FAI-HKB-FAI.

title: Healy Lake, Alaska


text:
Northway, Alaska

Northway (K’ehtthiign in Upper Tanana Athabascan) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. Prior to the 2020 Census, the borders of the CDP got expanded to include Northway Junction and Northway Village. The population was 234 at the 2020 census, up from 71 in 2010.

Geography
Northway is located at 62.96917°N, -141.905°W (62.969297, -141.905034).

According to the United States Census Bureau in 2020, the CDP has a total area of 247.32 sqmi, of which, 242.41 sqmi of it is land and 4.91 sqmi of it (8.45%) is water.

The highest sea-level pressure in the United States was recorded at Northway on January 31, 1989, with a reading of 31.85 inches, a record only surpassed by two readings in Siberia. Due to aircraft altimeters only being able to calibrate to 31 inches, most were grounded.

Climate
Northway has a dry-winter continental subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc).

Transportation
There is a shuttle between Tok and Northway three times a week, connecting with the Fairbanks - Glennallen - Anchorage service.

Demographics
Northway first appeared on the 1950 U.S. Census as the unincorporated village of "Northway-Nabesna", which included the native village of Nabesna on the west side of Nabesna River across from present-day Northway Village. It returned as Northway in 1960. In 1980, it was made a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2010, there were 290 people. The racial makeup of the CDP was 66% Native American, 29% White, and 4.8% from two or more races.

The median age was 39.6.

Education
Northway is part of the Alaska Gateway School District. Walter Northway School, a K-12 campus, serves community students.

title: Northway, Alaska


text:
Northway Junction, Alaska

Northway Junction was a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. It was merged with Northway CDP prior to the 2020 Census. The population was 54 at the 2010 census, down from 72 in 2000.

History
Historically, the area around Northway was used as hunting grounds for the Athabascan people. The native settlement established there, originally called Nabesna, is now known as Northway Village, roughly two miles south of Northway Junction. In World War II, Northway Junction was established as a United States Army supply point for the construction of the Alaska Highway, named after the Athabascan Chief Walter Northway. An airfield named Reeve's Field was also established as part of a series of airfields across Canada and Alaska known as the Northwest Staging Route.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.6 sqmi, of which, 8.5 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (1.40%) is water.

Demographics
Northway Junction first appeared on the 1990 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 72 people, 23 households, and 18 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 8.5 PD/sqmi. There were 29 housing units at an average density of 3.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 41.67% White, 48.61% Native American, and 9.72% from two or more races. 4.17% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 23 households, out of which 47.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.7% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 38.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64,. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $67,500, and the median income for a family was $63,750. Males had a median income of $38,750 versus $36,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,439. There were 11.1% of families and 15.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 20.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Northway Junction, Alaska


text:
Northway Village, Alaska

Northway Village (Upper Tanana: K'ehtthiign) was a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. It was merged with Northway CDP prior to the 2020 Census. The population was 98 at the 2010 census, down from 107 in 2000.

Geography
Northway Village is located at 62.97982°N, -141.95112°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.8 sqmi, of which, 2.6 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (4.00%) is water.

Demographics
Northway Village first appeared on the 1980 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP). It had previously been a part of Northway-Nabesna and Northway in 1950 and 1960 (population 196 for both censuses).

As of the census of 2000, there were 107 people, 32 households, and 20 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 40.5 PD/sqmi. There were 39 housing units at an average density of 14.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.87% White, 89.72% Native American, 2.80% from other races, and 5.61% from two or more races. 5.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 32 households, out of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.3% were married couples living together, 25.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34 and the average family size was 4.19.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 32.7% under the age of 18, 14.0% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,688, and the median income for a family was $26,875. Males had a median income of $27,188 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,300. There were 9.1% of families and 25.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 28.6% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Northway Village, Alaska