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Louisburg, Kansas

Louisburg is a city in Miami County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 4,969.

19th century
Prior to the American Civil War, the land of what is now called Louisburg was part of an area reserved for members of various tribes of Native Americans who were ceding their lands in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. Settling there were the Peoria, Wea, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskia tribes which together eventually became the Confederated Tribe of Peoria. Traders and missionaries often visited the area, and by 1854 Euro-American farmers began moving nearby, establishing homes. Upon the organization of the state of Kansas in 1861, the Confederated Tribes were being charged with taxes, and the new state laws conflicted with their own. By 1866, following the Civil War, the government moved the Confederated Tribe of Peoria to Oklahoma, and the land they once occupied was sold to settlers. A community of homes resulted by 1867, and was called St. Louis. Soon, it was often referred to as New St. Louis or Little St. Louis in an effort to distinguish it from St. Louis.

From 1868 to 1870, the settlement of Little St. Louis grew to include businesses and churches, and a railroad depot was to be completed. Because the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad (MKT Railroad) would be coming to serve the community, and to avoid additional confusion, Little St. Louis was renamed Louisburg in 1870. The railroad depot was completed by 1871, and Louisburg's first school opened the same year. The community had some disorder during this time. As a town near the border, there remained conflicts between Kansas Jayhawkers and Missouri Raiders. In addition, the railroad tracks running through the community divided it into north and south areas. Circa 1875, many businesses and homes were moved from north of the railroad to the south, and formed what was to become downtown Louisburg.

Louisburg was incorporated as a city of the third class November 3, 1882, and held its first city election two weeks later on November 17, 1882. The population was listed as 400, and 141 of those residents voted in the first election.

20th century
In the early 1900s, Louisburg's downtown had a variety of businesses such as retail stores, supply stores, livery stables, a hotel, and large nurseries. By 1910 the population was 603, and Louisburg was known as a good supply town for agricultural districts. By the 1920s, the town also had a gas station, an automobile ownership and traffic through town had increased. By the late 1950s the MKT Railroad ended its service to Louisburg, but because K-68 went through town and US Highway 69 and K-68 intersected near town, growth continued.

In October 1912, an unsolved murder in the community took place as the town's postmaster at the time, George McElheny, was shot twice by a 12-gauge shotgun at his home. Several people were accused of the murder, including his wife, after she admitted an affair with one of the accused, but after intense trials and no hard evidence the case was dropped, and no one ever admitted to the murder. In later years, the murder was almost forgotten until Joe Towne, one of the community leaders, grew interested in the subject and studied it and interviewed those who remembered the tragic situation and wrote true crime novel, "Tongues on Fire".

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.12 sqmi, of which 5.57 sqmi is land and 0.55 sqmi is water.

Little Round House
The Little Round House was originally an addition to a front porch for a Victorian-style house in the nearby town of Paola, and was called such because it was indeed round in shape. Because of increased truck traffic from Missouri on K-68 through town, Louisburg was contacted by the State of Kansas about needing an inspection station. As a solution, the Little Round House was moved to Louisburg in the 1930s to serve as a border checkpoint office. As years passed, the Little Round House became a home to a variety of small businesses, and had been used as temporary housing during World War II. The shape and size aided in it becoming a landmark to Louisburg. In 2005, The Little Round House was moved from its original location to the Louisburg City Lake, and has been restored by the community due to its historical value to the town.

Frontier Military Scenic Byway
Along the west side of Louisburg and close to U.S. Route 69 runs part of the Frontier Military Scenic Byway, a 168 mi-long route from near Leavenworth, Kansas to the border of Oklahoma. The byway closely follows a road originally built between 1838 and 1844 that was used to transport soldiers and supplies from Fort Leavenworth in Kansas to Fort Scott in Kansas and to Fort Gibson in Oklahoma.

Demographics
Louisburg is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 4,969 people, 1,841 households, and 1,315 families in Louisburg. The population density was 1,018.4 per square mile (393.2/km$2$). There were 1,894 housing units at an average density of 388.2 per square mile (149.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 91.27% (4,535) white or European American (89.66% non-Hispanic white), 0.54% (27) black or African-American, 0.22% (11) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.66% (33) Asian, 0.04% (2) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.72% (36) from other races, and 6.54% (325) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.64% (181) of the population.

Of the 1,841 households, 41.1% had children under the age of 18; 55.7% were married couples living together; 24.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 24.9% of households consisted of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.3. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 16.8% of the population.

29.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 114.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $77,182 (with a margin of error of +/- $17,473) and the median family income was $87,152 (+/- $8,373). Males had a median income of $57,143 (+/- $16,312) versus $35,573 (+/- $4,940) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $39,977 (+/- $7,955). Approximately, 10.4% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under the age of 18 and 33.5% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,315 people, 1,583 households, and 1,148 families residing in the city. The population density was 774.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,718 housing units at an average density of 308.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population.

There were 1,583 households, of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.5% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.19.

The median age in the city was 33.9 years. 30.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,576 people, 946 households, and 687 families residing in the city. The population density was 775.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,026 housing units at an average density of 308.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.21% White, 0.31% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population.

There were 946 households, out of which 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,500, and the median income for a family was $51,729. Males had a median income of $33,783 versus $29,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,560. About 2.8% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and recreation
Recreation in Louisburg includes several options. The Middle Creek State Fishing Lake is nearby for fishing, and the Louisburg City Lake has a 1.5 mi paved pathway around it for individuals to walk or jog. Additionally, Louisburg has the Louisburg Aquatic Center for swimming, a 9-hole public golf course, a city park, and the Lewis-Young Park, which has softball, baseball, and soccer fields that are used day and night.

Also located at Lewis-Young Park is the Powell Observatory, which was built in 1984 by members of the Astronomical Society of Kansas City. The observatory's telescopes include one of the largest in the region, which is also one of the few in the nation of its size that is made available for public viewing. The observatory regularly schedules viewings available to the public, and also provides shows that are intended to educate individuals about astronomy. Private viewings can also be scheduled.

Near Louisburg is Rutlader Outpost, which has an RV park for those who camp and an antique store for shopping.

Louisburg is well known for the Louisburg Cider Mill & Country Store which was constructed of wood saved from an old barn on 26945 Metcalf. The Louisburg Cider Mill holds several special events throughout the year, including Ciderfest in the fall.

Another unique attraction near Louisburg is Cedar Cove Feline Conservatory & Sanctuary. The big cats such as siberian tigers, who reside in this conservatory aid in teaching people about the wild. In addition, the conservatory allows people to learn how to aid these cats and their relatives who still live afar in the wild.

Government
The Louisburg government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 1st and 3rd Monday of each month at 6:30PM.

Education
The community is served by Louisburg USD 416 public school district.

Its schools are:
 * Louisburg High School (grades 9–12)
 * Louisburg Middle School (grades 6–8)
 * Broadmoor Elementary (grades 3–5)
 * Rockville Elementary (grades Pre K–2)

title: Louisburg, Kansas


text:
Osawatomie, Kansas

Osawatomie is a city in Miami County, Kansas, United States, 61 mi southwest of Kansas City. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 4,255. It derives its name as a portmanteau of two nearby streams, the Marais des Cygnes River (formerly named "Osage River") and Pottawatomie Creek.

History
Osawatomie's name is a compound of two primary Native American tribes from the area, the Osage and Pottawatomie. The town is bordered by Pottawatomie Creek and the Marais des Cygnes River (part of the Osage River system), which are also named for the two tribes.

The Emigrant Aid Society's transport of settlers to the Kansas Territory as a base for Free State settlers was key in the establishment of the community of Osawatomie in October 1854. Settled by abolitionists in hope of aiding Kansas's entry to the United States as a free state, the community of Osawatomie and pro-slavery communities nearby was quickly the targets of violence by pro-enslavement forces such as Border Ruffians.

In March 1855, abolitionists Reverend Samuel Adair and his wife Florella settled in a cabin near Osawatomie to serve as missionaries to the community. Florella's half-brother, John Brown came to Bleeding Kansas later the same year with a wagon of guns in order to help fight the pro slavery forces like his five sons, who were already living in another community in the area. Brown then came to Osawatomie to visit the Adairs and fight pro-slavery forces there. By 1856, having established himself as a leader of free state guerillas, Brown made Osawatomie and the Adair cabin his base. In a raid in May 1856, Brown killed five pro-slavery men along Pottawatomie Creek near the current town of Lane, Kansas. This was then referred to as the "Pottawatomie massacre", which inflamed the fighting throughout the Kansas Territory. The second and main Battle of Osawatomie took place on August 30, 1856. Osawatomie played a key role throughout the Civil War, serving as a center for Jayhawker activity.

By 1857, Osawatomie had grown to a town of 800 and in 1859 hosted the first convention of the Kansas Republican Party. In recognition for Osawatomie's part in ensuring Kansas remained a free state, the Kansas Legislature established the Osawatomie State Mental Hospital in 1863, the first mental hospital west of the Mississippi River. It admitted its first patient in 1866, and is still operational. By 1879, a railroad was built to serve Osawatomie, aiding its growth into a supply town and a main shipping point. As a result, Osawatomie grew to a population of 4,046 by 1910. Osawatomie was a division point for the Missouri Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad from 1879 to 1985.

Osawatomie was chartered in 1883 and in 1890 became a second-class city. The commission form of government was adopted in 1914.

Battle of Osawatomie
The first skirmish in Osawatomie took place on June 7, 1856. However, there was not much of a fight, and no blood was shed. The town's buildings were plundered, and some horses were taken. The larger, and main conflict known as the Battle of Osawatomie began August 30, 1856 as John Brown was camped just north Osawatomie and looking east for pro-slavery forces. A pro-slavery force of 250, led by John William Reid, came riding into Osawatomie from another direction. One of John Brown's sons Frederick Brown was walking to the Adair cabin at the time, and was shot. When Reverend Adair heard the shot, he sent his own son to warn and notify John Brown of the raid. Brown and 31 of the free state guerillas took positions to attempt to defend Osawatomie. Heavy gunfire took place for over 45 minutes, until Brown and his men ran out of ammunition. They retreated hoping they would be chased, and the community of Osawatomie would be left alone. However, despite the attempts of Brown to get Reid's men to follow, they instead looted and burned Osawatomie. Only three buildings remained standing when it was over.

Presidential visits
On August 31, 1910, President Theodore Roosevelt gave his famous New Nationalism speech in Osawatomie. The central issue he argued was government protection of human welfare and property rights.

On December 6, 2011, President Barack Obama gave an economic speech reprising many of Roosevelt's themes at Osawatomie High School.

Geography
Osawatomie is located in southwest Miami County along US Route 169 and Kansas Highway 7. The Marais des Cygnes River flows past the north side of the community and Pottawatomie Creek flows past the south side.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.11 sqmi, of which, 5.00 sqmi is land and 0.11 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool dry winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Osawatomie has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
Osawatomie is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 4,255 people, 1,562 households, and 1,023 families in Osawatomie. The population density was 810.2 per square mile (312.8/km$2$). There were 1,799 housing units at an average density of 342.5 per square mile (132.3/km$2$). The racial makeup was 87.38% (3,718) white or European American (85.52% non-Hispanic white), 3.22% (137) black or African-American, 1.01% (43) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.35% (15) Asian, 0.09% (4) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.89% (38) from other races, and 7.05% (300) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 4.28% (182) of the population.

Of the 1,562 households, 35.6% had children under the age of 18; 39.2% were married couples living together; 30.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 28.6% of households consisted of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.7% of the population.

27.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 108.7 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $51,307 (with a margin of error of +/- $16,869) and the median family income was $60,739 (+/- $9,457). Males had a median income of $37,192 (+/- $7,732) versus $26,556 (+/- $3,356) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $31,701 (+/- $2,634). Approximately, 16.8% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under the age of 18 and 25.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,447 people, 1,644 households, and 1,075 families residing in the city. The population density was 889.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,891 housing units at an average density of 378.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.3% White, 3.1% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.

There were 1,644 households, of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 34.6 years. 28.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,645 people, 1,781 households, and 1,130 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,045.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,947 housing units at an average density of 438.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.21% White, 4.16% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.75% from other races, and 2.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.54% of the population.

There were 1,781 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,104, and the median income for a family was $37,172. Males had a median income of $30,650 versus $23,043 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,353. About 10.9% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.

Historical places
Osawatomie has several historical places, 5 of which are listed on the National Historic Register.
 * The Mills House - A 7000 sqft. Queen-Anne style home built in 1902 for William Mills.
 * Asylum Bridge - An unusual bridge built in 1906 connecting the community to the state mental hospital.
 * Creamery Bridge - In 1930, this bridge was built crossing the Marais des Cygnes River. Another just like it crosses the Pottawatomie Creek. Osawatomie is between the two. Both bridges are on the National Historic Register.
 * John Brown Museum State Historic Site: The site of the Battle of Osawatomie is contained in the John Brown Memorial Park. Also, the Adair Cabin is exhibited there.
 * John Brown Lookout - Located north of 319th and Lookout Road, this high point in the county was used as a Civil War lookout. There is now a ladder there that can be used to cross the fence line for access to the lookout. An exhibit at John Brown State Historic site also features John Brown Lookout.

Other historic places in or around Osawatomie include:
 * Midway Drive-In Theater - Located off of Old KC Road between Paola and Osawatomie is a drive-in theater, one of only twelve remaining in the state. This outdoor movie theater is still operational and shows movies, which used to be called "talkies", during the spring and summer months.
 * Flood Marker - An historic flood of the Marais des Cygnes River occurred in 1951. A marker was placed north of 343rd and one-half mile east of Columbia Rd to show the height of the water, 50.3 feet, which has yet to be matched.

Community
The community of Osawatomie offers a museum and driving tour for learning of its history, and also offers its residents various opportunities for recreation. There is an 18-hole golf course, and the Osawatomie City Lake for fishing. The USD 367 Sport and Fitness Zone (O-Zone) is also in Osawatomie, which has two indoor pools, an outdoor pool, a gymnasium, weight room, indoor track, and offers programs for all ages. The Karl E. Cole Sports Complex in Osawatomie is used for athletic events such as baseball, softball, soccer, and youth football.

Osawatomie hosts the John Brown Jamboree, an annual arts, crafts, and music festival each summer. Each October, the Talking Tombstones event is held at Oakwood Cemetery, with reenactments of historical figures buried there, to remember their lives and contribution to the community's history.

Film
On March 13, 2010, the short film Change for a Dollar was filmed in Osawatomie.

Government
The Osawatomie government consists of a mayor and eight council members.

Education
The community is served by Osawatomie USD 367 public school district.

Its four schools are:
 * Swenson Early Childhood Education Center (Pre-K and K)
 * Trojan Elementary (grades 1-5)
 * Osawatomie Middle School (grades 6-8)
 * Osawatomie High School (grades 9-12)

Notable people

 * John Brown resided for 20 months in a cabin, now the John Brown Museum
 * Lynn Dickey - pro football player
 * Derrick Jensen - pro football player
 * Lafayette Russell - pro football player and actor

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Osawatomie, Kansas


text:
Paola, Kansas

Paola is a city in and the county seat of Miami County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 5,768.

History

Native Americans, then Spanish explorers such as Francisco Vásquez de Coronado in 1541, and French missionary explorers in 1673 lived and traveled throughout the area of what is now Paola. Despite these early European incursions at the start of the 19th century, the area was largely controlled by the Osage people.

Settlement of the area primarily occurred, however, when Kaskaskia, Peoria, Wea, and Piankeshaw tribes were forced to move to the area between 1827 and 1832. These formed the Confederated Allied Tribe, which was led by Baptiste Peoria, who was of both French and Indian ethnicity. They called their settlement Peoria Village.

By the 1840s, Euro-American settlers were moving into the area, and several missionaries lived in and near "Peoria Village". One of those missionaries was an Italian priest who moved to the area in 1852. The priest, Father Paul D. Ponziglione, was credited with renaming Peoria Village to Paola, after a small town on the coast of Calabria, Italy. The Peoria Indians of the area continued to call it Paola, because they had great respect for Father Ponziglione.

By 1854 there was a large number of settlers who moved to the settlement, and a town plat was laid out by 1855. In 1855, the First Territorial Legislature passed an act that incorporated the Paola Town Company. The Paola Town Company and specifically its member Baptiste Peoria with his wife Mary Ann Isaacs are credited as being influential in the founding and development of Paola through the mid-1860s.

During the Civil War a military post was established on the west side of Bull Creek, just west of Paola. At times troops were inside Paola itself. Paola was barely spared an attack on August 21, 1863, by Confederate guerrilla William C. Quantrill during Quantrill's retreat after raiding Lawrence. Paola was 10 mi west of the retreat of Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's force on October 24, 1864, while he was retreating toward Indian Territory. Paola's post was deactivated in August or September 1865.

Following Kansas' admission to the Union in 1861, Civil War pressure to move the Native American tribes increased, and they were exiled to Oklahoma by 1868. Some individuals stayed and became citizens of the United States, however, their leader Baptiste Peoria left Paola with the tribe. From the late 1860s and through the 1870s, Paola grew and progressed, building its first school, jail, and bank.

The railroad came to serve Paola in 1870, which also aided its progress through this time. Following the discovery of natural gas in 1882, Paola became the first town west of the Mississippi River to use it commercially and have the town illuminated using natural gas lanterns. In 1898 the Miami County Courthouse was built, designed by architect George Washburn. Several homes and buildings were designed by Washburn, including the Paola Park Square gazebo and the Paola Free Library. Martha Smith had the Paola Library building constructed in honor of her husband John, a wine maker. It was completed in 1906 and the Paola Park Square's Victorian-style gazebo is from 1913. The library, courthouse, gazebo, and several homes are among those still in use today.

In 1912, James Patterson moved to Paola to establish his winter quarters for his travelling circus, the Patterson Circus. The circus continued until 1927. A wall mural based on a 1924 circus pamphlet, is at 106 W. Peoria. The Patterson's home still stands in Paola in the 600 block of north Mulberry, as the only remaining structure from the circus winter headquarters.

Paola Park Square

Paola's town began with the Indian tribes who once lived in the area and used it as their primary gathering place. Prior to their exile to Oklahoma, Indian leader Baptiste Peoria gave this area to the Paola Town Company (of which he was a member) as a treaty of peace. The Paola Town Company later gave the square to the City of Paola, with the provision that no building be built on it. In 1867, the original gazebo was put on the square, and was a bandstand. In the 1800s the square was used as a track for racing horses in addition to serving as a central point for parades, celebrations, and other community events. In 1913, a new Victorian-style gazebo was built, designed by George Washburn. Paola Park Square is used for community events each year. The 1913 gazebo is still used, and near the gazebo is a bust of Paola founders Baptiste Peoria and his wife, Mary Ann Isaacs Dagenet. It is the only known monument in the United States featuring a Native American and his wife. A fountain in the center of the square was also added.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.32 sqmi, of which 4.90 sqmi is land and 0.42 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool dry winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Paola has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
Paola is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 5,768 people, 2,396 households, and 1,440 families in Paola. The population density was 1,132.8 per square mile (437.4/km$2$). There were 2,605 housing units at an average density of 511.6 per square mile (197.5/km$2$). The racial makeup was 88.18% (5,086) white or European American (86.74% non-Hispanic white), 2.31% (133) black or African-American, 0.47% (27) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.38% (22) Asian, 0.09% (5) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.06% (61) from other races, and 7.52% (434) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.71% (214) of the population.

Of the 2,396 households, 29.3% had children under the age of 18; 42.8% were married couples living together; 32.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 34.6% of households consisted of individuals and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 20.6% of the population.

24.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.9 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $52,417 (with a margin of error of +/- $15,986) and the median family income was $79,716 (+/- $16,079). Males had a median income of $50,753 (+/- $14,543) versus $31,607 (+/- $2,933) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $36,509 (+/- $3,766). Approximately, 3.8% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under the age of 18 and 10.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,602 people, 2,173 households, and 1,407 families residing in the city. The population density was 1143.3 PD/sqmi. There were 2,344 housing units at an average density of 478.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 2.4% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population.

There were 2,173 households, of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 35.5 years. 28.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 23.2% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,011 people, 1,927 households, and 1,244 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,229.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,009 housing units at an average density of 493.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.43% White, 3.55% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.44% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population.

There were 1,927 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,285, and the median income for a family was $50,804. Males had a median income of $36,209 versus $22,392 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,191. About 4.4% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
Paola is the largest city in Miami County and is the county seat. Annually, Paola hosts the Miami County Fair in July, the Roots Festival in August, the Harvest Festival in October, and a Christmas tree lighting after Thanksgiving.

Water recreation and camping are available at Lake Miola, a contemporary Aquatic Center in Wallace Park, the Swan River Museum, and the Miami County Historical and Genealogical Society, and a variety of events held at the Paola Community Center.

Education
The community is served by Paola USD 368 public school district:
 * Public
 * Paola High School (9-12)
 * Paola Middle School (6-8)
 * Sunflower Elementary (3-5)
 * Cottonwood Elementary (PreK-2)
 * Hillsdale Learning Center - previously was Hillsdale Elementary School

Private

 * Holy Trinity Catholic School (K-8)

Colleges

 * Fort Scott Community College is a community college with a satellite campus in Paola.

Notable people

 * Olive Ann Beech (born Olive Ann Mellor), U.S. aviation pioneer and businesswoman
 * Danny Carey, drummer for the band Tool
 * John Conway, State Senator, NM, United States Federal Judge
 * Lynn Dickey, Kansas State and NFL quarterback
 * Barney Graham, vaccine scientist
 * Stephen Johnson, music video director
 * Steve Pepoon, television writer
 * John Tibbetts, film critic and historian
 * Justice Brothers, co-founders of Justice Brothers car care products

title: Paola, Kansas


text:
Beloit, Kansas

Beloit is a city in and the county seat of Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 3,404.

History
On permanent organization of the county in 1870, Beloit was selected as the county seat of Mitchell County, Kansas, and is located northeast of the center of the county on the Solomon River. The town site of Beloit was first settled by A.A. Bell in 1868 with the idea of improving the water power and for some time was known as Willow Springs. Beloit is named after Beloit, Wisconsin, the native home of a first settler. Beloit sits at the junction of the Union Pacific and the Missouri Pacific Railroads.

Local legend has it that the local Indians advised Bell to locate the town at a certain bend of the Solomon river to protect the town from tornadoes. As of 2022, downtown Beloit has been hit with a tornado only once, in November 1922.

The town of Beloit was platted March 26, 1872, and the original description as found in the recorder's office covers all of Section 9, and the south half of the southeast quarter and south half of the southwest quarter of Section 4, Town 7 and Range 7 west. The proprietors of the town were T.F. Hersey, A.A. Bell, George Campbell, Alexander Campbell, C.H. Morrill, Edward Valentine, W.C. Ingram, Daniel Kepler and Vinton Whitehurst. The town grew very rapidly, and in July 1872, was incorporated as a city of the third class. On March 10, 1879, Gov. John P. St. John proclaimed Beloit a city of the second class.

Beloit was home to the Beloit Juvenile Correctional Facility of the Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.05 sqmi, of which, 4.02 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Beloit has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 3,404 people, 1,471 households, and 855 families in Beloit. The population density was 869.0 per square mile (335.5/km$2$). There were 1,788 housing units at an average density of 456.5 per square mile (176.2/km$2$). The racial makeup was 94.45% (3,215) white or European American (93.21% non-Hispanic white), 0.44% (15) black or African-American, 0.29% (10) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.24% (8) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.85% (29) from other races, and 3.73% (127) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.26% (111) of the population.

Of the 1,471 households, 24.0% had children under the age of 18; 48.1% were married couples living together; 27.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 38.1% of households consisted of individuals and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.7. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 19.8% of the population.

23.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 24.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 112.5 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $46,196 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,878) and the median family income was $51,765 (+/- $3,192). Males had a median income of $35,960 (+/- $4,983) versus $24,554 (+/- $6,200) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,283 (+/- $5,552). Approximately, 5.4% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under the age of 18 and 12.8% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,835 people, 1,647 households, and 964 families residing in the city. The population density was 954.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,842 housing units at an average density of 458.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White, 0.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 1,647 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.5% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age in the city was 42.8 years. 21.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 10% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 21% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.9% male and 50.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,019 people, 1,623 households, and 994 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,012.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,851 housing units at an average density of 466.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.94% White, 0.77% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.07% of the population.

There were 1,623 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,227, and the median income for a family was $43,030. Males had a median income of $26,099 versus $20,694 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,713. About 5.5% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

Local
Beloit has a Mayor/City Council form of government. Voters elect eight city council members, two from each of the City's four wards, to four-year terms. Also, the voters elect a Mayor. The Mayor and the 8 City Councilors form the City of Beloit Governing Body.

The Beloit Governing Body meets in business session at 7:00 p.m. on the first and third Tuesdays of each month. Meetings take place in the Council Chambers at the Municipal Building. Cable channel 12 televises regular meetings.

Districts
Beloit lies within Kansas's 1st congressional district, currently represented by Roger Marshall (politician). For the purpose of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is located in the 36th Senate District, currently represented by Elaine Bowers, and the 107th House District, currently represented by Susan Concannon. On the local level, Beloit is in both the first, represented by Tom Claussen, and second, represented by Mike Cooper, Mitchell County Commissioner Districts. Beloit is mostly in Beloit Township, but the very far north side of the city is located in Plum Creek Township.

Education
The community is served by Beloit USD 273 public school district, where two of its three schools are located: Beloit Elementary School and Beloit Junior/Senior High School. Beloit Junior/Senior High School contains an average of 230 students per school year. This high school participates in the 3A division for extracurricular activities. The mascot for Beloit Junior/Senior High is the "Trojans."

Beloit also is home to St. John's Catholic Grade School and St. John's Catholic High School (Beloit, Kansas). St. John's Catholic High School contains an average of 60 students total each school year. This high school participates in the 1A, Division II category for extracurricular activities. The mascot for St. John's is the "Bluejay."

Beloit is home to the North Central Kansas Technical College and was home, until 2009, to the Kansas Industrial School for Girls.

Notable people

 * Sam Colson, former javelin thrower.
 * Scott Fulhage, professional football punter with the Atlanta Falcons and Cincinnati Bengals.
 * Margaret H'Doubler, educator.
 * Gene Keady, college and professional basketball coach.
 * Waldo McBurney, former oldest living worker in the United States.
 * Nancy Moritz, United States circuit judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit and former justice on the Kansas Supreme Court. She was born in Beloit and lived in nearby Tipton, Kansas, until the age of 15.
 * Mathew Pitsch, Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from Fort Smith since 2015; former resident of Beloit.
 * Dean Sturgis, baseball player.
 * Rodger Ward, professional race car driver. Two-time Indianapolis 500 winner.

title: Beloit, Kansas


text:
Cawker City, Kansas

Cawker City is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 457. The city is located along the north shore of Waconda Lake and Glen Elder State Park. It is one of several places claiming to be home of the largest ball of twine in the world.

History
Cawker City was founded in 1870. According to tradition, Colonel E. H. Cawker won naming rights for the town with a winning hand at poker. Cawker City was incorporated as a city in 1874. The first post office in Cawker City was established in June 1870.

The city previously served many families living on small farms. A resident stated that Cawker City had three grocery stores in the 1960s. By 2017 the community had no grocery stores. Many young adults were leaving to find work elsewhere. In the area family sizes decreased and farm plot sizes increased. These factors caused the community's population to decline.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.00 sqmi, all of it land. The city is located along the north shore of Waconda Lake.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 457 people, 215 households, and 110 families in Cawker City. The population density was 454.3 per square mile (175.4/km$2$). There were 292 housing units at an average density of 290.3 per square mile (112.1/km$2$). The racial makeup was 96.28% (440) white or European American (96.28% non-Hispanic white), 0.22% (1) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 3.5% (16) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.66% (3) of the population.

Of the 215 households, 20.0% had children under the age of 18; 40.0% were married couples living together; 26.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 46.5% of households consisted of individuals and 25.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.3% of the population.

22.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 26.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $40,125 (with a margin of error of +/- $19,649) and the median family income was $45,250 (+/- $6,979). Males had a median income of $29,750 (+/- $10,771) versus $16,250 (+/- $7,840) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $25,000 (+/- $6,753). Approximately, 19.2% of families and 23.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.9% of those under the age of 18 and 14.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 469 people, 244 households, and 132 families residing in the city. The population density was 469.0 PD/sqmi. There were 315 housing units at an average density of 315.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.2% African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 244 households, of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.9% were non-families. 41.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.92 and the average family size was 2.52.

The median age in the city was 50.1 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.9% were from 25 to 44; 32.4% were from 45 to 64; and 26.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.4% male and 48.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 521 people, 261 households, and 151 families residing in the city. The population density was 525.9 PD/sqmi. There were 335 housing units at an average density of 338.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.50% White, 0.19% African American, 1.73% Native American, 0.38% from other races, and 0.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.

There were 261 households, out of which 17.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.61.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.0% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 29.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,833, and the median income for a family was $30,769. Males had a median income of $25,893 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,693. About 12.3% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

Attractions

 * Cawker City is one of several places claiming to be home of the largest ball of twine in the world. Each year a twine-a-thon is held in August to increase the size of the ball.
 * Waconda Lake
 * Eyegore's Curiosities and Monster Museum

Education
The community is served by Waconda USD 272 public school district. The district elementary school is Lakeside Elementary school in Cawker City. The district high school is Lakeside High School (Kansas)|Lakeside High School in Downs with the mascot Knights.

School unification combined Cawker City High School with Glen Elder High School in 1971 forming Waconda East High School. The Waconda East High School mascot was Vikings. Waconda East High School was then unified with Downs High School in 2003 forming USD 272.

Prior to school unification, the Cawker City High School mascot was Cawker City Pirates.

The elementary building was formerly known as Cawker City Elementary School. Its name changed to the current one in 2015.

Notable people

 * Emma B. Alrich (1845-1925), teacher and superintendent in Cawker City
 * Martia L. Davis Berry (1844-1894), social reformer
 * Merwin Coad (b1924), Iowa politician
 * Claire Windsor (1892–1972), silent film actress

title: Cawker City, Kansas


text:
Glen Elder, Kansas

Glen Elder is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 362.

History
Glen Elder was originally known as West Hampton, and under the latter name was laid out and platted in 1871 by promoters who built a large gristmill at the site. The town later adopted the name Glen Elder when the post office of that name was moved there from its former location a half mile north. The present name is after a grove of box elder trees. Glen Elder incorporated in 1879.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.44 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 362 people, 171 households, and 106 families in Glen Elder. The population density was 830.3 per square mile (320.6/km$2$). There were 228 housing units at an average density of 522.9 per square mile (201.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 95.3% (345) white or European American (94.75% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.28% (1) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.28% (1) from other races, and 4.14% (15) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.93% (7) of the population.

Of the 171 households, 22.2% had children under the age of 18; 53.2% were married couples living together; 19.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 33.3% of households consisted of individuals and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.8. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 18.2% of the population.

22.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 27.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 97.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $51,667 (with a margin of error of +/- $15,534) and the median family income was $80,386 (+/- $11,078). Males had a median income of $45,457 (+/- $7,306) versus $31,875 (+/- $15,028) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $36,148 (+/- $2,579). Approximately, 7.3% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under the age of 18 and 2.2% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 445 people, 193 households, and 129 families residing in the city. The population density was 1011.4 PD/sqmi. There were 250 housing units at an average density of 568.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.9% White, 0.4% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.9% Asian, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 193 households, of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.2% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 41.2 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 26.5% were from 45 to 64; and 18.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 439 people, 196 households, and 130 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,131.1 PD/sqmi. There were 265 housing units at an average density of 682.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.81% White, 0.68% African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.46% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population.

There were 196 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 25.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,000, and the median income for a family was $32,361. Males had a median income of $21,528 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,169. About 5.4% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and Recreation

 * Waconda Lake and Glen Elder State Park.

Education
The community is served by Waconda USD 272 public school district. The district elementary school is Lakeside Elementary School in Cawker City. The district high school is Lakeside High School in Downs with the mascot Knights.

School unification combined Cawker City High School with Glen Elder High School in 1971 forming Waconda East High School. The Waconda East High School mascot was Vikings. Waconda East High School was then unified with Downs High School in 2003 forming USD 272.

Glen Elder High School was closed through school unification. The Glen Elder High School mascot was Glen Elder Bearcats.

The district previously operated Glen Elder Elementary School and Glen Elder Junior High School.

title: Glen Elder, Kansas


text:
Hunter, Kansas

Hunter is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 51.

History
The first post office in Hunter was established in 1895. It was named for Al Hunter, an early settler. Hunter was incorporated in 1915.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.21 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hunter has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 51 people, 28 households, and 15 families in Hunter. The population density was 242.9 per square mile (93.8/km$2$). There were 45 housing units at an average density of 214.3 per square mile (82.7/km$2$). The racial makeup was 94.12% (48) white or European American (94.12% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.96% (1) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 3.92% (2) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.0% (0) of the population.

Of the 28 households, 25.0% had children under the age of 18; 32.1% were married couples living together; 28.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.1% of households consisted of individuals and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.9 and the average family size was 2.8. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 11.8% of the population.

21.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 27.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 131.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 135.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $30,000 (with a margin of error of +/- $29,934) and the median family income was $76,250 (+/- $29,979).

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 57 people, 33 households, and 15 families residing in the city. The population density was 271.4 PD/sqmi. There were 61 housing units at an average density of 290.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.2% White and 1.8% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 33 households, of which 15.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 54.5% were non-families. 45.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 30.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.73 and the average family size was 2.33.

The median age in the city was 63.5 years. 14% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.1% were from 25 to 44; 17.6% were from 45 to 64; and 49.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 43.9% male and 56.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 77 people, 41 households, and 23 families residing in the city. The population density was 363.6 PD/sqmi. There were 57 housing units at an average density of 269.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.70% White and 1.30% Native American.

There were 41 households, out of which 19.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.9% were non-families. 43.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.88 and the average family size was 2.48.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.6% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 18.2% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 32.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $19,000, and the median income for a family was $27,708. Males had a median income of $15,625 versus $11,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,424. There were no families and 5.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 7.1% of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Sylvan–Lucas USD 299 public school district.

Hunter High School was established in 1917. Hunter, Sylvan Grove and Vesper schools united to form Sylvan Unified schools in 1966. In 2010, Sylvan unified with Lucas-Luray schools to form Sylvan-Lucas Unified.

The Hunter High School mascot was Hunter Huntsmen. Sylvan Unified as well as Sylvan-Lucas Unified mascot is the Mustangs.

title: Hunter, Kansas


text:
Scottsville, Kansas

Scottsville is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 26.

History
Scottsville was platted in October 1878 when the railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Tom Scott, a pioneer settler.

The post office in Scottsville was discontinued in 1967.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.25 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 25 people, 11 households, and 7 families residing in the city. The population density was 100.0 PD/sqmi. There were 15 housing units at an average density of 60.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.0% White and 4.0% from two or more races.

There were 11 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.6% were married couples living together, and 36.4% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 28% of residents were under the age of 18; 0.0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 56.0% male and 44.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 21 people, 8 households, and 7 families residing in the city. The population density was 83.9 PD/sqmi. There were 12 housing units at an average density of 48.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.48% White, and 9.52% from two or more races.

There were 8 households, out of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, and 12.5% were non-families. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 14.3% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 14.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 133.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 166.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $38,333. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $11,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,624. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Education
The community is served by Beloit USD 273 public school district.

title: Scottsville, Kansas


text:
Tipton, Kansas

Tipton is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 193.

History
Tipton was originally called Pittsburg, and under the latter name was founded in 1872. When it was later realized that another Pittsburg existed in Kansas, the name was changed to Tipton after Tipton, Iowa, the former home of a local resident.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.26 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 210 people, 98 households, and 57 families residing in the city. The population density was 807.7 PD/sqmi. There were 116 housing units at an average density of 446.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White and 1.9% Asian.

There were 98 households, of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 1.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.8% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the city was 47 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.6% were from 25 to 44; 29% were from 45 to 64; and 24.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.8% male and 45.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 243 people, 108 households, and 69 families residing in the city. The population density was 959.5 PD/sqmi. There were 118 housing units at an average density of 465.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.59% White, 0.41% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population.

There were 108 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $45,938. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $14,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,637. About 7.6% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 12.8% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Waconda USD 272 public school district. It operates two schools: Lakeside Elementary School in Cawker City and Lakeside High School in Downs.

Previously it operated Tipton Elementary School and Tipton Junior High School.

Tipton Catholic High School is located in the community.

title: Tipton, Kansas


text:
Caney, Kansas

Caney is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,788.

History
Caney was founded in 1869. It was named from the Caney River. The first post office in Caney was established in May 1870.

In 1887, the railroad was built through Caney, and in that same year, the town was incorporated.

Caney has long been associated with the petroleum industry in Kansas. In 1906, a major gas well fire took place in this area. In 1909, Caney became the site of the original Kanotex Refining Company. Currently, CVR Energy's pipeline system can transport up to 145,000 barrels/day of crude oil from Caney to that company's refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas.

"Caney Kansas: 'A March attempt to cover the huge burning gas well six miles from here with a great iron hood upon which a week of preparation had been spent was made last night and failed. The hood with its attached pipes and weights weighing more than 35 tons was thrust aside, bent and broken by the mighty rush of gas and flames. The cap was placed partly over the stream of fire only after strenuous efforts and at great hardship to the men, the intensity from the heat slowing the effort; the gas spouted from the well with renewed force expelling rocks and shooting a flame over 150 feet into the air. Several thousand spectators drawn by the unusual spectacle came to Caney from all directions, the railways running in excursion trains. The well has now been burning for 15 days and millions of feet of gas have been burned.'"

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.35 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Caney has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 1,788 people, 761 households, and 452 families in Caney. The population density was 1,322.5 per square mile (510.6/km$2$). There were 928 housing units at an average density of 686.4 per square mile (265.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 79.53% (1,422) white or European American (78.02% non-Hispanic white), 0.28% (5) black or African-American, 4.98% (89) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.5% (9) Asian, 0.22% (4) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.73% (31) from other races, and 12.75% (228) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 4.64% (83) of the population.

Of the 761 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18; 39.9% were married couples living together; 32.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 35.1% of households consisted of individuals and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.8. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 7.7% of the population.

26.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.7 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $38,056 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,864) and the median family income was $55,391 (+/- $7,385). Males had a median income of $38,281 (+/- $7,347) versus $22,321 (+/- $7,991) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,484 (+/- $5,669). Approximately, 13.3% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under the age of 18 and 6.6% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,203 people, 866 households, and 574 families residing in the city. The population density was 1631.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,020 housing units at an average density of 755.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.2% White, 0.7% African American, 5.8% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 6.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.1% of the population.

There were 866 households, of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.7% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.05.

The median age in the city was 35.9 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,092 people, 850 households, and 574 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,738.0 PD/sqmi. There were 992 housing units at an average density of 824.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.44% White, 0.19% African American, 5.59% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 1.39% from other races, and 2.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.01% of the population.

There were 850 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,316, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $29,833 versus $22,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,578. About 6.1% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

Area events
Mayfest is a yearly gathering to celebrate School Alumni and the town's festivities along with the Fourth & Live Concert Series

Education
The community is served by Caney Valley USD 436 public school district.

Notable people

 * Clancy Hayes, jazz musician
 * Kenneth McFarland, educator and superintendent of schools for Topeka at the time of Brown v. Board of Education
 * Glenn Shafer, statistician, co-developer of the Dempster-Shafer Theory
 * Rosalie Wahl, former associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court

title: Caney, Kansas


text:
Cherryvale, Kansas

Cherryvale is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,192.

History
Cherryvale was founded on the land of the Osage Indians who were pushed out by veterans of the American Civil War looking for land. The first white man to purchase property and settle here was Mr. Abe Eaton, who later sold it to the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Kansas Railroad which then became the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railway, and eventually came under the control of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which operated the line for much of the 20th century. The town site was platted by the railroad in 1871. It was named Cherryvale from its position in the valley of Cherry Creek.

Between 1871 and 1873, at least eleven people vanished in the vicinity of an inn and general store operated by the Bender family about eight miles (8 mi) northeast of Cherryvale. Following the disappearance of the Benders in 1873, it was discovered that they had apparently murdered a number of travellers. Between eight and eleven bodies were discovered buried on the premises. Governor Thomas A. Osborn offered a reward of $2,000 for the apprehension of the Benders, but they were never found.

The main part of the town was destroyed by fire in 1873, but was soon rebuilt, and in 1880 Cherryvale became a city of the third and afterwards of the second class. Natural gas, which is used as a factory fuel and for street and domestic lighting, was found here in 1889, and oil several years later.

The city is currently the headquarters for the South Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad, a shortline that runs 511 miles of track in Kansas and Oklahoma. The railroad, owned by WATCO, painted locomotive EMD SD40-2 number 4158, in the high school's colors of blue and white in 2011, and the unit is stationed at the intermodal switchyard, completed 2013, north of Cherryvale.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.92 sqmi, of which, 1.90 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water. Is self-described as the "Gateway to Big Hill Lake."

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cherryvale has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 2,192 people, 874 households, and 543 families in Cherryvale. The population density was 1,093.8 per square mile (422.3/km$2$). There were 1,021 housing units at an average density of 509.5 per square mile (196.7/km$2$). The racial makeup was 87.23% (1,912) white or European American (85.17% non-Hispanic white), 0.87% (19) black or African-American, 1.41% (31) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.23% (5) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.96% (21) from other races, and 9.31% (204) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 5.29% (116) of the population.

Of the 874 households, 30.8% had children under the age of 18; 39.5% were married couples living together; 28.4% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.6% of households consisted of individuals and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 5.6% of the population.

26.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 103.9 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $39,931 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,694) and the median family income was $45,754 (+/- $3,226). Males had a median income of $31,017 (+/- $4,615) versus $21,410 (+/- $4,678) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $26,731 (+/- $2,708). Approximately, 13.0% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under the age of 18 and 9.9% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,367 people, 930 households, and 615 families residing in the city. The population density was 1245.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,087 housing units at an average density of 572.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.3% White, 1.0% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.

There were 930 households, of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.9% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.05.

The median age in the city was 36.9 years. 27.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 16% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,386 people, 982 households, and 639 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,537.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,142 housing units at an average density of 735.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.09% White, 0.08% African American, 1.97% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 1.30% from other races, and 2.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.77% of the population.

There were 982 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,917, and the median income for a family was $33,599. Males had a median income of $25,964 versus $19,356 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,655. About 13.0% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.4% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Cherryvale USD 447 public school district, and home to Lincoln Central Elementary School (Cherryvale) (K–6), Thayer Elementary (K–8) and Cherryvale Middle/High School (7–12). They compete in the Tri-Valley League and the mascot is the Charger, represented by a knight. It was previously the Fighting Cherries. The mascot was changed in 1969 by the high school student council after an overwhelming vote of the student body.

Notable people

 * Sam Avey, wrestling promoter
 * Louise Brooks, dancer, silent film star, and author
 * Claude Wendell Horton, Sr., geophysicist, acoustic researcher
 * Billy Sandow, manager for World Champion Ed "Strangler" Lewis
 * Vivian Vance, actress played Ethel Mertz on I Love Lucy

title: Cherryvale, Kansas