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Anglia Ruskin University

Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) is a public university in East Anglia, United Kingdom. Its origins are in the Cambridge School of Art (CSA), founded by William John Beamont, a Fellow of Trinity College at University of Cambridge, in 1858. It became a university in 1992, and was renamed after John Ruskin, the Oxford University professor and author, in 2005. Ruskin gave the inauguration speech of the Cambridge School of Art in 1858. It is one of the "post-1992 universities". The motto of the university is in Latin Excellentia per societatem, in English Excellence through partnership.

In 2022, Anglia Ruskin has 35,195 students. ARU has six campuses across the south-eastern portion of the United Kingdom in Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Greater London.

Campuses
The university has campuses in Cambridge, Chelmsford, Writtle, Peterborough, and London.

Cambridge
Anglia Ruskin's Cambridge Campus is home to one of only 9 optometry schools in the UK, having its own optometry clinic. The Cambridge campus has recently been redeveloped, which began with the refurbishment of the main building, named Helmore after the late Roy Helmore, who was principal of the Cambridge College of Arts and Technology from 1977 to 1986. This refurbishment was completed in 2006. In 2009, one of the university's largest buildings, Rackham, in the centre of the campus, was demolished to make way for the new Lord Ashcroft International Business School. The new business school was opened in 2011. The Mumford Theatre, which presents a range of professional touring, local community and student theatre for both the public and members of the university, is housed at the centre of the campus.

From 2015, a new building, known as Young Street (named for its location between Young Street and New Street, ) began hosting nursing and health courses, such as midwifery, paramedic, and ODP. This building is also home to the university's music therapy centre.

Also as of 2015, all sports, computing or technology courses became based at the newly established Compass House building, about 0.3 miles (0.5 km) along East Road from the main campus.

Chelmsford
The Chelmsford campus houses the Queen's Building (opened in 1995) and the Sawyer's Building (opened in 2001). The Queen's Building was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II. The Michael A. Ashcroft Building opened in 2003 (renamed to Lord Ashcroft Building) by Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex; the Mildmay Sports Centre, and the Tindal Building, in 2005; the William Harvey Building in 2007; The Faculty Building (renamed The Marconi Building in 2011) in 2008; and the Postgraduate Medical Institute building – named as Michael Salmon Building in 2017 -, opened 2011. In May 2017, the work has started on the building of Essex's first School of Medicine. The School of Medicine was opened in 2019 by Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.

London
ARU London has two locations. Farringdon Building is in Charterhouse Street in Holborn, which is on the border of City of London. East India Building is located in former East India Docks and next to Canary Wharf in London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

Peterborough
Anglia Ruskin University Peterborough was opened in 2022. The University House was the first building at ARU Peterborough. Peterborough Research & Innovation Centre is set to open in 2023. In 2024, XRP eXtended Reality Peterborough was opened by writer Sandi Toksvig OBE.

Writtle
ARU Writtle offers postgraduate, undergraduate, further education and short courses in the areas of agriculture and animal sciences, with students benefiting from a working farm, a specialist small animal unit and an equine centre based on campus. Writtle has also developed a range of degree programmes in applied life sciences, sport, and health subjects. The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded students multiple tiimes. Students have been awarded at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show in London.

In 2023, Anglia Ruskin University and Writtle University College announced a merger. Writtle University College will became ARU Writtle. The official merger took place on 29 February 2024.

Student Housing
Cambridge campus has Anastasia House, Peter Taylor House, Swinhoe House Hall of Residence, the Railyard, Sedley Court, CB1, and university houses around the city.

Chelmsford campus has Chelmsford Student Village.

At the new Peterborough campus students use private-sector accommodations.

Students at ARU London use private-sector accommodations.

Organisation and administration
There are four Faculties of study at Anglia Ruskin University:
 * Faculty of Business and Law
 * Faculty of Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences
 * Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine & Social Care
 * Faculty of Science & Engineering

Faculty of Business and Law
The Faculty of Business and Law is located in Cambridge, Chelmsford, Peterborough, and London.

The faculty has two schools, the School of Economics, Finance and Law, and the School of Management.

Anglia Ruskin University is one of the largest business schools in the East of England, with nearly 100 full-time teaching staff and approximately 7,200 students from over 100 countries.

The business school is a member of the EFMD and offers degrees. Several programmes of the business school are accredited by ACCA and CIMA, and many other professional bodies in the United Kingdom.

In 2017, Bloomberg Financial Markets Lab was opened for finance, banking, accounting, and economics students at Chelmsford campus.

The business school was previously called Lord Ashcroft International Business School. It was named after former student at Mid-Essex Technical College, a predecessor institution that is now part of ARU, and former Chancellor of ARU (2001 until 2021) Lord Ashcroft. In January 2020 Lord Ashcroft stepped down after nearly 20 years as Chancellor of Anglia Ruskin University, with Lord Ribeiro appointed as his successor.

During his time as Chancellor, Lord Ashcroft made donations totalling £10 million to build two Lord Ashcroft International Business School facilities in Chelmsford and Cambridge. Lord Ashcroft Building in Chelmsford was inaugurated by Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex in 2003. Lord Ashcroft Building in Cambridge was opened in 2011.

In 2022, ARU Certificate for Professional Development came 3rd out of over 70 submissions for Most Innovative Approach to Developing Employability Skills at the Pearson HE Innovate Awards.

In 2022, the Faculty of Business and Law was awarded the Small Business Charter Award.

The business school has an Entrepreneurs in Residence programme. In 2023, X-Forces Enterprise joined the programme as a strategic partner.

Faculty of Science & Technology
The Faculty of Science & Technology was one of the largest faculties at Anglia Ruskin University, with six departments spread across both Cambridge and Chelmsford campuses.

The Department of Built Environment was a large multidisciplinary department with the most comprehensive Built Environment portfolio in Eastern England and is based at the Chelmsford campus.

The Department of Computing and Technology was located at both the Chelmsford and Cambridge campuses. The department maintained close links with the electronics, software, automotive and creative industries, and is a Cisco Systems Regional Networking Academy.

The Department of Life Sciences was located at the Cambridge campus. Equipment for teaching includes laboratories, gas and liquid chromatographic systems, and facilities for drugs analysis, toxicology, fire investigation and DNA analysis.

The Department of Psychology was based at the Cambridge campus. It was recognised for its performance in the 2008 UK Research Assessment Exercise, making it the UK's top-rated Psychology department in a post-1992 university for the quality of its research.

The Department of Vision & Hearing Sciences was based at the Cambridge Campus for Optometry and Ophthalmic Dispensing

Research: Psychology, Vision, and Environmental Sciences research was rated as "world leading" or of "international" quality in the 2008 UK Research Assessment Exercise. Successes include discoveries of new animal species, design of new car bonnets for improved pedestrian safety, and leading study in the first to study the toxic effects of benzylpiperazine (BZP).

In 2023, the Peterborough Innovation and Research Centre launched XRP eXtended Reality Peterborough, an immersive learning environment.

Faculty of Arts, Law & Social Sciences
The Faculty of Arts, Law & Social Sciences (ALSS) offered courses from Foundation to PhD level through its five departments, which include the Cambridge School of Art itself.

The faculty also housed the Anglia Ruskin University Language Centre, which provided language training and courses to students, staff and the general public, and supports 11 research clusters, including the Cultures of the Digital Economy Research Institute (CoDE) Research Institute.

Anglia Law School runs courses on both Cambridge and Chelmsford campuses, with a mock courtroom on each. Course provision includes undergraduate, postgraduate, research and professional qualifications. Their LLB (Hons) Law was rated in the top third of undergraduate law courses in the Guardian League Tables 2013. Cambridge School of Art is home to some 800 students studying for undergraduate, taught masters and doctoral qualifications. Its graduates include Syd Barrett and David Gilmour of Pink Floyd, Spitting Image Creators Peter Fluck and Roger Law and Creator of St Trinian's Ronald Searle.

English, Communication, Film and Media: The department offered courses at undergraduate, postgraduate and research level over three programmes: Film and Media; English Literature, writing and publishing; and English Language and Intercultural Communication. Their Film and Media provision ranked in the top quarter, and BA (Hons) in the top third, of The Guardian University League Table 2013. In 2024, ARU students won the Postgraduate, Entertainment and Drama prize at the Royal Television Society's awards.

Humanities and Social Sciences: Offered courses in History, Philosophy, Sociology, Public Service and Psychosocial Studies at undergraduate, postgraduate and degree level. Their History and Sociology provision both ranked in the top third of The Guardian University League Table 2013, while Philosophy ranked 16th.

Music and Performing Arts: Offers courses at undergraduate level in Music, Drama, Creative Music Technology, Popular Music and Performing Arts and at postgraduate level in Music Therapy and Dramatherapy. Research Degree supervision is also offered in a range of subjects. The department organises a varied programme of events each semester, including Lunchtime Concerts, Anglia Opera and Festival Week, and provides individual instrumental and vocal tuition.

Anglia Ruskin is a member of the Creative East.

In 2023, Anglia Ruskin University and University of Cambridge formed a partnership to support PhD researchers in social sciences.

Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine & Social Care
Following a restructure of the university in 2018 the Faculty of Medical Science and the Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education merged to form the new Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care. The merger also involved a transition from a department organisation to a school based one. This saw the School of Economics, Finance and Law move to the new Faculty of Business and Law. The University now contains 13 schools.

The Faculty of Health, Social Care & Education was based in Chelmsford, Cambridge, and Peterborough. The Faculty is divided in 5 departments including Acute Care, Allied Health & Medicine, Education, Family & Community Studies and Primary & Public Health.

The Faculty of Health, Social Care & Education offers courses over a range of study levels, from foundation and undergraduate degrees to postgraduate qualifications. A variety of disciplines were available from nursing, operating department practice and social work to midwifery, education studies, public health and laparoscopic surgery.

HSHS, the former Homerton School of Health Studies, was acquired by the University from the Trustees of Homerton College, University of Cambridge, in 2005, after working closely in partnership for a number of years.

The former Faculty of Medical Science built on the international reputation of ARU's Postgraduate Medical Institute (PMI) on its Chelmsford campus, the Faculty of Medical Science (FMS) opened in 2014. The Faculty runs courses at the Department of Allied & Public Health and the Department of Medicine & Healthcare Science. It is home to the university's nascent School of Medicine which is the third department of this Faculty. The Faculty offers medical and clinically-focused undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level degrees.

It merged with the Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education in 2018 to become the new Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care.

On 10 October 2016, Anglia Ruskin announced that they planned to open Essex's first School of Medicine at its Chelmsford Campus. The purpose built brand new medical school would be the first undergraduate medical school in Essex and would cost £20-million to build. The medical school would include state-of-the-art skills facilities, specialist teaching space, a lecture theatre and a cadaveric anatomy suite.

On 19 May 2017, Anglia Ruskin announced that it has begun works to build the purpose built medical school on its Chelmsford Campus, due to be opened in September 2018. Chief Executive of Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust and Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Clare Panniker, attended the event alongside other officials.

On 21 September 2017, the university announced that the General Medical Council had approved its curriculum and that the university now had official School of Medicine status. In 2019 the School was formally opened by Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.

In 2022, ARU founded the first university hub in the UK for Samaritans, a charity for emotional support.

In 2023, Anglia Ruskin was rated as tenth, amongst the top ten British universities in social work, by the Guardian newspaper.

Research Institutes
Anglia Ruskin has six research institutes.
 * Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research
 * Global Sustainability Institute
 * Policing Institute for the Eastern Region
 * StoryLab Research Institute
 * Veterans and Families Research Institute
 * Vision and Eye Research Institute (formerly Vision and Eye Research Unit, VERU

Partnerships
National partners are School of Osteopathy in London, Cambridge Regional College, Cambridge Theological Federation, College of West Anglia, Renew Counselling in Chelmsford, and University Centre Peterborough.

Distance learning partners are CNET Training and Cambridge Spark.

International partners are Imperium International College, First City University College, and MAHSA University in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, and School of Accounting and Management in St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.

Anglia Ruskin University's past and present working life partners are NHS, British Armed Forces, Cambridge University Press, Essex County Council, UPS, Barclays, Capita, Russian Railways, Willmott Dixon, Morgan Sindall Infrastructure, Softwerx, Triangular Alliance, Greenwoods Legal, Virgin Money, Timberland, Volvo, and Harrods.

Chelmsford Campus move
The Chelmsford Central campus closed at the end of the 2007/8 academic year, with all facilities moving to the new buildings at the Rivermead campus (now called the Chelmsford Campus) on Bishop Hall Lane.

Three buildings were saved – the East building (built 1931), the Frederick Chancellor building (built 1902), and the Grade-2-listed Anne Knight building (built in the mid-19th century), which was used by Quakers. The East and Frederick Chancellor buildings fall under a conservation area, meaning they cannot be demolished without planning permission, as they are historically important due to their uses in the early days of higher education in Essex. The site is currently vacant due to the recession halting development which had been planned for many years; however, new plans have been released by Genesis Housing, who currently own the site.

The Chelmsford Campus facilities include a mock law court, mock hospital wards and operating theatres and labs.

ARU Peterborough
On 14 July 2020 the Minister of State for Universities Michelle Donelan announced Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) as the official higher education partner for a new employment-focused university in Peterborough, an initiative by the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority (CPCA) in collaboration with Peterborough City Council (PCC). The campus will also include a materials and manufacturing research and development centre inhabited by 3D printing specialists Photocentric, who have teamed up with the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority to create the facility on the new Peterborough university campus.

Ruskin Gallery
The Ruskin Gallery is the university's public art gallery. Admission is free. Exhibits have included historic and contemporary art, as well as works by students and staff. The gallery is surrounded by fine art, illustration, design, and media studios. On 9 May 2011 Ruskin Gallery unveiled its new digital gallery, which displays art in a digital format on High Definition screens, including the world's first Panasonic 103" 3D Full HD plasma screen.

Arise Innovation Hubs
Anglia Ruskin University founded Arise Innovations Hubs, which are located in Chelmsford and Harlow. Essex-based innovation hubs promote entrepreneurship and innovations by supporting startups and scaleups.

Anglia Ruskin Enterprise Academy (AREA)
Anglia Ruskin Enterprise Academy supports entrepreneurship among university students and alumni. AREA organises annually #ThinkBigARU business plan competition for students and alumni. The Entrepreneurs' Community connects students with alumni and external entrepreneurs. ARU is approved by the Institute of Enterprise and Entrepreneurs (IOEE), and National Centre for Entrepreneurship in Education (NCEE).

Research
The 12 subject areas within Anglia Ruskin classified by the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 as producing "world-leading" research are: Allied Health Professions, Dentistry, Nursing and Pharmacy; Architecture, Built Environment and Planning; Art and Design: History, Practice and Theory; Business and Management Studies; Communication, Cultural and Media Studies, Library and Information Management; English Language and Literature; Geography, Environmental Studies and Archaeology; History; Law; Music, Drama, Dance and Performing Arts; Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Social Work and Social Policy.

An investigation performed at the end of 2007 by the QAA reveal that as a result of its investigations, the audit team's view of Anglia Ruskin University is that "confidence can reasonably be placed in the soundness of the institution's present and likely future management of the academic standards of the awards that it offers and the quality of the learning opportunities available to students". However, an external inspection of Initial Teacher Education revealed inadequacies in 2010. The areas highlighted were the effectiveness of the provision in securing high quality outcomes for trainees, and the extent to which the training and assessment ensures that all trainees progress to fulfill their potential given their ability and starting points. It was only the Primary ITE that was found to be inadequate in the inspection, the Secondary and FE ITE were awarded a mark of satisfactory. Since this inspection, the Primary ITE has been awarded 'satisfactory' grades by Ofsted in May 2011 and 'good' in 2012.

Charters
In October 2023, Anglia Ruskin University was the first university in the United Kingdom to sign the UNISON's Anti-Racism Charter. The signing ceremony was held in Cambridge.

Rankings and awards

 * Anglia Ruskin University was awarded a First in the Green League 2012 by People & Planet. The league is based on ten environmental criteria, both policy and performance related. It incorporates data obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, including the percentage of waste recycled and CO2 emissions for each individual institution.
 * Anglia Ruskin University has been named as one of the most upwardly mobile universities in the world.
 * The list, produced by Higher Education strategy consultants Firetail and published by Times Higher Education, includes Anglia Ruskin as one of the 20 "rising stars" in global Higher Education. Anglia Ruskin is the only UK university to feature in the top 20. Nine of the "rising stars" are located in the United States, with universities in Australia, South Korea, Japan, Germany, and Finland completing the list.
 * Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) is ranked within the top 350 universities in the world and ranked joint 38th in the UK by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020.
 * In 2021, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) was in the top 10% of English higher education institutions (HEIs) for skills, enterprise and entrepreneurship and in the top 20% for local growth and regeneration, according to a report by Research England.
 * In 2022, the Times Higher Education placed ARU as 1st in the UK for Good Health and Wellbeing.
 * In 2023, the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) revelead that ARU was in top 15% in the country for graduates in employment and/or further study. ARU was ranked 3rd in the country for graduates who are employed as managers, directors or senior officials.
 * In 2023, Times Higher Education ranked ARU London as 3rd for overall positivity among higher education institutions in the UK.
 * Anglia Ruskin was awarded Entrepreneurial University of the Year in the 2014 Times Higher Education Awards.
 * The university won the Duke of York Award for University Entrepreneurship at the Lloyds Bank National Business Awards 2016.
 * In 2021, Anglia Ruskin was awarded The Queen's Anniversary Prize for music therapy research.
 * In May 2023, ARU was recognised for advancing race equality with a Bronze Race Equality Charter award. ARU was one of 38 UK universities who have achieved Bronze status, while only one has achieved Silver.
 * In 2023, ARU Peterborough won the University Impact Initiative of the Year from the Association of University Directors of Estates.
 * In 2023, ARU Peterborough won the Alliance Award for successful collaborations.
 * In 2023, ARU Peterborough was shortlisted for the AJ Architecture Awards.
 * In 2023, Anglia Ruskin University won the University of the Year title at the Social Mobility Awards (SOMO) which is a fundraising initiative for a charity. The Social Mobility Awards have been organized since 2017 and supported by the Prime Minister of the UK.
 * In 2023, ARU received Gold Award from The Teaching Excellence Framework. (TEF).
 * In December 2023, ARU won the national Green Gown Award for sustainability.
 * In 2023, Anglia Ruskin won the University of the Year top prize at the Times Higher Education (THE) 2023 awards.
 * In 2024, ARU was awarded the Athena SWAN Silver Award from Advance HE for gender equality progress.
 * In 2024, ARU Law Clinic was nominated for the Alliance Award.

History
Anglia Ruskin University has its origins in the Cambridge School of Art, founded by William John Beamont in 1858. The inaugural address was given by John Ruskin (often incorrectly described as the founder; in fact he founded the Ruskin School of Drawing in Oxford). The original location was near Sidney Sussex College, later moving to its present location in East Road, Cambridge. The governing body in the 1920s included two remarkable pioneers in the civic history of Cambridge, Clara Rackham and Lilian Mellish Clarke after whom buildings on the East Road campus were later named. In 1960 this became the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology (CCAT) In 1989 CCAT merged with the Essex Institute of Higher Education, which was originally a vocational school named Chelmsford School of Science and Art and was later known as Mid Essex Technical College and Chelmer Institute of Higher Education, to form the Anglia Higher Education College. The merged college became a polytechnic in 1991, using the name Anglia Polytechnic, and was then awarded university status in 1992.

Initially Anglia Polytechnic University (APU), it retained the word 'polytechnic' in its title because "the term 'polytechnic' still had value to students and their potential employers, symbolising as it did the sort of education that they were known for – equipping students with effective practical skills for the world of work" although in 2000 there was some self-doubt about including the term 'polytechnic' – it was the only university in the country to have done so. Wanting to keep the 'APU' abbreviation, a suggestion put forward by the governors was 'Anglia Prior University' (after a former Chancellor), but the Governors decided to keep 'polytechnic' in the title.

The university eventually reconsidered a name change and chose Anglia Ruskin University (thus incorporating into the title the surname of John Ruskin, who gave the inaugural address of the Cambridge School of Art), with the new name taking effect following the approval of the Privy Council on 29 September 2005.

Former students included the Victorian poet, Augusta Webster, who signed John Stuart Mill's petition for votes of women in 1866. Past lecturers include Odile Crick, wife of Francis Crick, who created the simple iconic image of DNA. The musician Syd Barrett, songwriter and leading guitarist of the band, Pink Floyd is an alumnus. Author Tom Sharpe was a lecturer in history at CCAT between 1963 and 1972 and Anne Campbell, the Labour MP for Cambridge from 1992 to 2005, was formerly a lecturer in Statistics at CCAT. A blue plaque to the leading educationalist, Dame Leah Manning, MP was erected  in 2019 at the former ragged school in Young Street acquired by the university in 2006 and subsequently  converted into the Anglia Ruskin University Institute of Music Therapy.

Complaints and appeals vs. protests about examination and assignment marking
In a BBC News article from 3 June 2014, Anglia Ruskin University was reported to have received more complaints and appeals from its students than any of the other 120 universities who responded to freedom of information requests. In the year 2012/13 it received 992 "complaints and appeals". In response, Lesley Dobree, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic), said that only 9 of the 992 recorded complaints were actual complaints – the others were protests about examination and assignment marking. It is not known if the BBC responded to this, or if the other universities in the list were assessed by the same criteria.

The article further stated the case of a group of students from the Chelmsford campus, who were abruptly informed that their Legal Practice Course was moved 45 miles to the Cambridge campus. They would therefore be limited to only two days of face-to-face teaching, having to watch the remaining lectures online rather than attend them live.

Pok Wong
In 2019, Hongkonger Pok Wong, a 2014 graduate of Anglia Ruskin University, received a £61,000 out-of-court settlement from the university after suing it for false advertising, alleging a low quality of teaching. The university has maintained that the payout does not prove that the university was at fault. In 2018, the London County Court ruled in the university's favour and ordered Wong to pay £13,700 of Anglia Ruskin's legal costs. However, the university's insurers then wrote to the former student and offered to settle her £15,000 claim and cover her legal costs. Anglia Ruskin added that it did not support the decision made by its insurer's solicitors.

Retracting Junius Ho's honorary award
Anglia Ruskin bestowed Junius Ho, a pro-Beijing lawmaker in Hong Kong, with an Honorary Doctor of Laws in 2011. During the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, Ho was accused of supporting the people who committed the 2019 Yuen Long attack. In response to the controversial speech by Ho, David Alton wrote to the university regarding the matter. Lord Alton urged the University to retract Ho's honorary doctoral degree. It was confirmed by the university that Ho was deprived of his degree on 29 October 2019.

Chancellors

 * Michael Ashcroft (2001–2020)
 * Bernard Ribeiro (2021–)

Vice chancellors

 * Michael Thorne (2007–2016)
 * Iain Martin (2016–2018)
 * Roderick Watkins (2019–)

Notable alumni

 * Michael Ashcroft, English investor, billionaire and former Conservative vice chairman
 * Eddie Ballard, former English cricketer for Cambridge UCCE and Hertfordshire
 * Syd Barrett and David Gilmour, Pink Floyd members
 * Chris Beckett, academic, author and science-fiction novelist
 * Manish Bhasin, sports journalist and BBC presenter
 * Henry Brock, specialist linguist at University of Cambridge and illustrator
 * Pips Bunce, banking executive and LGBTQ activist
 * John Burnside, academic and T. S. Eliot Prize winning author
 * Elsie Vera Cole, artist
 * Nick Crane, English geographer and TV presenter
 * Sarah-Jane Crawford, TV presenter, radio presenter, and model
 * Hugh Crossley, 4th Baron Somerleyton, restaurateur, hotel owner, landowner, conservationist
 * Grahame Davies, poet, novelist, and lyricist
 * Geraldine Finlayson, researcher and director of John Mackintosh Hall
 * Peter Fluck and Roger Law, creators of Spitting Image
 * Angela Hartnett, entrepreneur and chef
 * Kim Howells, Labour politician and former Chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee
 * Lon Kirkop, Maltese visual artist, award winning published author, songwriter and theatre practitioner
 * Patrick Le Quément, automobile engineer and former chief designer at Renault
 * Emilia Monjowa Lifaka, Chairperson of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
 * Ricardo P. Lloyd, British actor
 * Devant Maharaj, former Senator and Minister of Food Production, Trinidad and Tobago
 * Ian Miller, English footballer
 * Magdalene Odundo, a ceramic artist graduate and 2022 Honorary Doctorate of Arts.
 * Tony Palladino, English cricketer
 * Sarah Perry, author
 * Ama Pomaa Boateng
 * Anders Holch Povlsen, owner and CEO of Bestseller
 * Shoo Rayner, author and illustrator
 * Philip Reeve, author and illustrator of children's books
 * Nicky Richards, CEO and Chief Investment Officer MLC Asset Management
 * Andrew Sayer, English economist, professor of Social Theory and Political Economy at Lancaster University
 * Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal, Labour politician, Commonwealth Secretary-General, government policy-maker, former minister, attorney general and president of Chatham House
 * Ronald Searle, creator of St Trinian's
 * Michal Shalev, author and illustrator of children's books
 * Tim Stokely, founder and CEO of OnlyFans
 * Barbara Yung, Hong Kong actress
 * Mark Wood, businessman, accountant and chairman of NSPCC

Notable faculty

 * Stephen Bustin, medicine
 * Peter Carter, nursing
 * Malcolm Gaskill, history
 * Jon Hare, game design
 * Dave Hill, education
 * Ray Iles, biomedics
 * John Lawrence, illustration
 * Patricia MacCormack, philosophy
 * Una McCormack, creative writing
 * Farah Mendlesohn, literature
 * Helen Odell-Miller, music therapy
 * Guido Rings, postcolonial studies
 * Ash Sarkar, global politics
 * Tom Sharpe, history
 * Justin Stebbing, biomedics

Honorary doctors

 * Michael Ashcroft
 * Anne Campbell
 * Jilly Cooper
 * Richard Dannatt
 * Robert Dixon-Smith
 * Mark Foster
 * Stephen Fry
 * Anthony Giddens
 * David Gilmour
 * Germaine Greer
 * Dido Harding
 * Hermann Hauser
 * Anya Hindmarch
 * Wilko Johnson
 * Griff Rhys Jones
 * Kylie Minogue
 * Katie Piper
 * Anders Holch Povlsen
 * David Prior
 * Suzi Quatro
 * Bernard Ribeiro
 * Andrew Sentance
 * Barbara Young

title: Anglia Ruskin University


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Talk:Flag of Oregon

Comments
We need the large version of the revese and overse of this unique flag. - fonzy

Only few national flags (such as the flag of Paraguay) have a differing obverse and reverse. The entry for the flag of Paraguay now states the reverse and obverse sides are the same. A different example (if one exists) should be cited or this should be removed entirely, I believe. CoachMcGuirk 17:30, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, the flag of Paraguay page was incorrect (and has been updated) -- Paraguay's still the only two-sided (apart from mirror-image corrections) national flag, and valid to cite from here. ScottMainwaring 07:50, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

The two images on this page use different shades of blue. Is this an error, or do the two sides really use different shades? Nik42 07:17, 26 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It was an error, and has now been fixed (thanks, Zscout370). --ScottMainwaring 21:34, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

All USA/State seals, emblems, crests, and flags that contain an sitting eagle, always have the eagle holding an olive branch in one set of talons and arrows in the other set of talons. The head of this eagle is always turned towards the olive branch to indicate that we first look to peace prior to looking to war. Why is the State Seal of Oregon looking towards the arrows? Don Barker 21:01, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Interesting question. You might want to pose it at the talk page for Seal of Oregon as well. --ScottMainwaring 21:34, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Interesting indeed. However, in looking at the Oregon flag and seal, it doesn't look like it is holding arrows at all, and not necessarily an olive branch.  Then, in scanning other states at random, saw New York and Illinois both have eagles without either arrows or olive branches.  So I think Don's original assertion may be incorrect.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dcbrc2 (talk • contribs) 20:47, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

New design contest
The state of Oregon is holding a contest for a new flag because 2009 is the state's (and the flag's) 150th anniversary. You might want to change the article to say that.71.193.162.77 (talk) 23:21, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The contest is being held by the Oregonian. It's not official, though they may submit the winning design to the Legislature for consideration. --Makaristos (talk) 02:49, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Additionally, the flag was not created until the 1920s, so it is not turning 150. Aboutmovies (talk) 03:55, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

O.K., the state newspaper decided to have a fun contest to make their own state flag. Why is this notable? The contest page states, "The current flag remains a legal flag and entitled to all the honors it currently has, and agencies can continue to fly it. The current flag never goes away. We don't want it to; we want to see what of these designs you like best." I fail to see how this one-off contest is worthy of mention here. (Except maybe for the fun fact that the Oregonian was pressured to add "None" as an option and that that won.)  Ulmanor (talk) 05:58, 10 January 2012 (UTC)
 * And I fail to see why the newspaper-contest-winning flag deserves a picture on this page, with no text at all about it in the article. Removing the Oregonian-contest flag from the article as irrelevant. Ehurtley (talk) 22:33, 27 July 2012 (UTC)

 * There was information in the article about that flag contest and reaction. Perhaps both should be restored. -DevinCook (talk) 02:53, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Except that it isn't relevant to the actual flag. It was one local newspaper contest - the 'new' flag never got *ANY* traction, not even unofficially (as the Cascadia flag has.) I like the alternate flag, but it's just not notable. Ehurtley (talk) 18:10, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

2013 redesign
Is this section noteworthy enough to keep? Other than mentioning that a change was proposed, it doesn't seem to bring much to the article. JohnMcButts (talk) 06:24, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

 * I seriously doubt that it's worth a mention in the article; a reference in that section cites a bill that made zero progress after being introduced, which means it did not receive serious consideration by the Legislature. Musashi1600 (talk) 11:53, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

OE source

 * https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/oregon_state_flag/#.WUGmNxiZO1s --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 21:10, 14 June 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Flag of Oregon


text:
Anhur

In early Egyptian mythology, Anhur (also spelled Onuris, Onouris, An-Her, Anhuret, Han-Her, Inhert) was a god of war who was worshipped in the Egyptian area of Abydos, and particularly in Thinis. Myths told that he had brought his wife, Mehit, who was his female counterpart, from Nubia, and his name reflects this—it means '(one who) leads back the distant one'.

One of his titles was slayer of enemies. Anhur was depicted as a bearded man wearing a robe and a headdress with four feathers, holding a spear or lance, or occasionally as a lion-headed god (representing strength and power). In some depictions, the robe was more similar to a kilt.

God of war
Due to his position as a war god, he was patron of the ancient Egyptian army, and the personification of royal warriors. Indeed, at festivals honoring him, mock battles were staged. During the Roman era the Emperor Tiberius was depicted on the walls of Egyptian temples wearing the distinctive four-plumed crown of Anhur.

The Greeks equated Anhur to their god of war, Ares. In the legend of Olympian gods fleeing from Typhon and taking animal form in Egypt, Ares was said to have taken the form of a fish as Lepidotus or Onuris.

Sky bearer
Anhur's name also could mean 'sky bearer' and, due to the shared headdress, Anhur was later identified with Shu, becoming Anhur-Shu. He is the son of Ra and brother of Tefnut if identified as Shu.

High priests of Anhur

 * Amenhotep, from the time of Thutmose IV. Amenhotep's wife Henut was a singer of Anhur. Their sons Hat and Kenna were Chariot Warriors of His Majesty. Known from a stela now in the British Museum (EA 902).
 * Nebwenenef High Priest of Anhur during the reign of Seti I. Was appointed High Priest of Amun in the beginning of the reign of Ramesses II.
 * Hori
 * Minmose, son of the High Priest of Anhur Hori and his wife Inty. From the reign of Ramesses II.
 * Anhurmose, from the time of Merneptah.
 * Sishepset, from the time of Ramesses III
 * Harsiese, mentioned on an ostracon in Abydos

In popular culture
Anhur is a playable character in the multiplayer online battle arena, SMITE. Anhur is a Hunter wielding a spear and bears the title the Slayer of Enemies and is shown in his (anthropomorphic) lion form maintaining his beard, robe, and a crown incorporating four large feathers.

Anhur is a chaotic god in the computer game NetHack/Slash'EM.

Onuris has a minor role in the 2012 fantasy novel The Serpent's Shadow as a presumed dead god who is revived in order to destroy the Lord of Chaos, Apophis.

Anhur is one of the 20 bosses you fight in the video game Boss Rush: Mythology.

The American death metal band Nile did two tracks about Anhur in their 2000 album Black Seeds of Vengeance, called Masturbating the War God and Libation Unto the Shades Who Lurk In the Shadows of the Temple of Anhur.

title: Anhur


text:
Yuma County, Colorado

Yuma County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,988. The county seat is Wray.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2369 sqmi, of which 2364 sqmi is land and 4.3 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

The point where the Arikaree River flows out of Yuma County and into Cheyenne County, Kansas is the lowest point in the State of Colorado at 1,010 m elevation. This crossing point is the highest low point of any U.S. state.

Adjacent counties

 * Phillips County (north)
 * Chase County, Nebraska (northeast)
 * Cheyenne County, Kansas (east/Central Time border)
 * Dundy County, Nebraska (east)
 * Kit Carson County (south)
 * Washington County (west)
 * Logan County (northwest)

Major highways

 * US 34.svg U.S. Highway 34
 * US 36.svg U.S. Highway 36
 * US 385.svg U.S. Highway 385
 * Colorado 59.svg State Highway 59

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 9,841 people, 3,800 households, and 2,644 families living in the county. The population density was 4 /mi2. There were 4,295 housing units at an average density of 2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 94.17% White, 0.11% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 4.14% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. 12.88% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 3,800 households 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.60% were married couples living together, 6.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% were non-families. 27.40% of households were one person and 13.30% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.13.

The age distribution was 28.30% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 16.30% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 96.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.

The median household income was $33,169 and the median family income was $39,814. Males had a median income of $26,124 versus $18,578 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,005. About 8.80% of families and 12.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.50% of those under age 18 and 10.70% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Like all the High Plains, Yuma County is a Republican Party stronghold in presidential elections. Only nine presidential elections from 1892 to the present day have seen the county fail to back the Republican candidate, the most recent being 1964 during Lyndon B. Johnson's statewide & national landslide.

Cities

 * Wray
 * Yuma

Town

 * Eckley

Census-designated places

 * Idalia
 * Joes
 * Kirk
 * Laird
 * Vernon

Other unincorporated community

 * Hale

Ghost towns

 * Abarr
 * Alvin
 * Arlene
 * Armel
 * Arnold
 * Avoca
 * Beecher
 * Bolton
 * Bryant
 * Clarkville
 * Condon
 * Ford
 * Fox
 * Friend
 * Gurney
 * Happyville
 * Heartstrong
 * Hermes
 * Hughes
 * Ladlum
 * Lansing
 * Leslie
 * Logan
 * Mildred
 * Newton
 * Robb
 * Rogers
 * Schramm
 * Shields
 * Steffens
 * Wages
 * Wauneta
 * Waverly
 * Weld City
 * Witherbee

title: Yuma County, Colorado


text:
Weld County, Colorado

Weld County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 328,981. The county seat is Greeley.

Weld County comprises the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Denver–Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area.

History

On May 30, 1854, the Kansas–Nebraska Act created the Nebraska Territory and the Kansas Territory, divided by the Parallel 40° North (Baseline Road or County Line Road or Weld County Road 2 in the future Weld County). Present-day Weld County, Colorado, lay in the southwestern portion of the Nebraska Territory, bordering the Kansas Territory.

In July 1858, gold was discovered along the South Platte River in Arapahoe County, Kansas Territory. This discovery precipitated the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Many residents of the mining region felt disconnected from the remote territorial governments of Kansas and Nebraska, so they voted to form their own Territory of Jefferson on October 24, 1859. The following month, the Jefferson Territorial Legislature organized 12 counties for the new territory, including St. Vrain County. St. Vrain County was named in honor of Ceran de Hault de Lassus de St. Vrain, the French trader who established the first trading post on the upper South Platte River. St. Vrain County encompassed much of what is today Weld County.

The Jefferson Territory never received federal sanction, but on February 28, 1861, U.S. President James Buchanan signed an act organizing the Territory of Colorado. On November 1, 1861, the Colorado General Assembly organized 17 counties, including Weld County, for the new Colorado Territory. Weld County was named for Lewis Ledyard Weld, a lawyer and territorial secretary. He died while serving in the Union Army during the Civil War. Until February 9, 1887, Weld County's boundaries included the area now comprising Weld County, Washington County, Logan County, Morgan County, Yuma County, Phillips County, and Sedgwick County.

Weld County was thrust into the media spotlight on the evening of November 1, 1955, when United Airlines Flight 629, a Douglas DC-6B airliner flying from Denver to Portland, Oregon, exploded in midair and crashed, killing all 44 persons on board the plane and scattering bodies, wreckage and debris over a six-square-mile area of the county. The subsequent investigation of the accident revealed that Denver resident John Gilbert Graham had secretly placed a time bomb composed of 25 sticks of dynamite in a suitcase belonging to his mother, who was a passenger on the airplane. Graham was tried and convicted of the crime, and executed in 1957.

In northeastern Weld County, Minuteman III missile silo "N-8", one of the many unmanned silos there, was the target of symbolic vandalism by Catholic peace activists in 2002.

Weld County also holds the distinction of having more confirmed tornado sightings than any other U.S. county from 1950 to 2011, with 252 confirmed reports.

On March 6, 2019, the county declared itself to be a Second Amendment sanctuary.

Secession proposals
In 2013, conservative Weld County commissioners began a campaign to secede from the State of Colorado to create a new state; a state ballot measure regarding the issue was put on the November 2013 ballot. The legality of this initiative has been questioned by local attorneys. On November 5, 2013, 6 out of 11 Colorado counties voted no for secession, including Elbert, Lincoln, Logan, Moffat, Sedgwick, and Weld counties voted no, while Cheyenne, Kit Carson, Phillips, Washington, and Yuma counties voted yes. "Weld County voters said this is an option we shouldn't pursue and we won't pursue it," said Weld County Commissioner Sean Conway, "But we will continue to look at the problems of the urban and rural divide in this state."

In 2021, a group known as "Weld County, WY" organized a petition to place a measure on the November 2021 ballot for the county to secede from Colorado to join Wyoming, due to a clash between the conservative politics of Weld County and the liberal government of Colorado. Mark Gordon, the Governor of Wyoming, said when asked about the topic, "We would love that." In response to Gordon's comment, Colorado Governor Jared Polis said, "Hands off Weld County."

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4017 sqmi, of which 3987 sqmi are land and 30 sqmi (0.7%) are water. It is the third-largest county in Colorado by area.

Weld County lies within the relatively flat eastern portion of Colorado; the northeastern portions of the county contain the extensive Pawnee National Grassland and the Pawnee Buttes, which jut 350 ft above the surrounding terrain and are surrounded by many small canyons and outcroppings. Along the western border, hilly areas indicate the presence of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains further west.

The county is served by two interstate highways: I-25 (US 87) runs through the southwestern corner and I-76 from the south central edge northeastward to the Morgan county border. Other major roads include US 85 and US 34, which intersect near Greeley, and State Highway 14, which runs through Ault.

Adjacent counties

 * Kimball County, Nebraska - northeast
 * Logan County - east
 * Morgan County - east
 * Adams County - south
 * City and County of Broomfield - southwest
 * Boulder County - west
 * Larimer County - west
 * Laramie County, Wyoming - northwest

Major highways

 * I-25 (CO).svg Interstate 25
 * I-76 (CO).svg Interstate 76
 * US 6.svg U.S. Highway 6
 * US 34.svg U.S. Highway 34
 * US 85.svg U.S. Highway 85
 * US 87.svg U.S. Highway 87
 * Colorado 7.svg State Highway 7
 * Colorado 14.svg State Highway 14
 * Colorado 52.svg State Highway 52
 * Colorado 56.svg State Highway 56
 * Colorado 60.svg State Highway 60
 * Colorado 66.svg State Highway 66
 * Colorado 71.svg State Highway 71
 * Colorado 79.svg State Highway 79
 * Colorado 257.svg State Highway 257
 * Colorado 392.svg State Highway 392

Transit

 * Greeley-Evans Transit
 * Express Arrow

National protected area

 * Pawnee National Grassland

State protected area

 * Fort Vasquez State History Museum
 * St. Vrain State Park

Trails and byways

 * American Discovery Trail
 * Pawnee Pioneer Trails
 * Poudre River National Recreation Trail
 * South Platte Trail

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 180,936 people, 63,247 households, and 45,221 families residing in the county. The population density was 45 /mi2. There were 66,194 housing units at an average density of 17 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 81.71% White, 0.56% Black or African American, 0.87% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 13.29% from other races, and 2.65% from two or more races. 27.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 63,247 households, out of which 37.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.60% were married couples living together, 9.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.50% were non-families. 21.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.20% under the age of 18, 13.20% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 20.00% from 45 to 64, and 9.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 100.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,321, and the median income for a family was $49,569. Males had a median income of $35,037 versus $25,757 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,957. About 8.00% of families and 12.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 8.50% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Weld County is Colorado's leading producer of cattle, grain and sugar beets, and is the richest agricultural county in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, and the fourth richest overall nationally. It is also becoming more important as a milk producing county, with close to half of the state's cattle. Weld County is also an important area of oil and natural gas production in the Denver-Julesburg Basin.

Cities

 * Brighton‡
 * Dacono
 * Evans
 * Fort Lupton
 * Greeley
 * Longmont‡
 * Northglenn‡
 * Thornton (part)‡

Towns

 * Ault
 * Berthoud ‡
 * Eaton
 * Erie‡
 * Firestone
 * Frederick
 * Garden City
 * Gilcrest
 * Grover
 * Hudson
 * Johnstown‡
 * Keenesburg
 * Kersey
 * LaSalle
 * Lochbuie‡
 * Mead
 * Milliken
 * Nunn
 * Pierce
 * Platteville
 * Raymer
 * Severance
 * Windsor‡

Census-designated places

 * Aristocrat Ranchettes
 * Briggsdale

Unincorporated communities

 * Auburn
 * Avalo
 * Buda
 * Carr
 * Dearfield
 * Galeton (originally called "Zita")
 * Gill
 * Hereford
 * Highlandlake
 * Ione
 * Keota
 * Lucerne
 * Roggen
 * Stoneham
 * Wattenburg

Ghost towns

 * Adna
 * Agricola
 * Chapelton
 * Chenoa
 * Cherokee City
 * Cloverly
 * Coleman
 * Dearfield
 * Elwell
 * Flemings Ranch
 * Fort St. Vrain
 * Fosston
 * Gault
 * Geary
 * Graham
 * Green City
 * Highland Lake
 * Hillsborough
 * Hiltonville
 * Hungerford
 * Ione
 * Kalous
 * Kauffman
 * Koenig
 * Lancaster
 * Latham
 * Liberty
 * Masters
 * Nantes
 * New Liberty
 * Osgood
 * Peckham
 * Platte Valley
 * Raymer
 * Rinn
 * Rosedale
 * Saint Vrain
 * Serene
 * Sligo
 * Spanish Colony
 * Wentz
 * Zilar
 * Zita

‡ means a populated place has portions in an adjacent county or counties

Politics
Similar to the fellow Denver Metropolitan Area county of Douglas, Weld leans Republican. Except for Lyndon Johnson's 1964 landslide win over Barry Goldwater, it has not voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since 1936.

Education
School districts serving Weld County include:
 * Ault-Highland School District RE-9
 * Briggsdale School District RE-10
 * Eaton School District RE-2
 * Greeley School District 6
 * Johnstown-Milliken School District RE-5J
 * Pawnee School District RE-12
 * Platte Valley School District RE-7
 * Prairie School District RE-11
 * School District 27J
 * St. Vrain Valley School District RE 1J
 * Thompson School District R-2J
 * Weld County School District RE-1
 * Weld County School District RE-3J
 * Weld County School District RE-8
 * Weldon Valley School District RE-20J
 * Wiggins School District RE-50J
 * Windsor School District RE-4

title: Weld County, Colorado


text:
Washington County, Colorado

Washington County is a county located in the eastern side of the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,817, making it the least populous “Washington County” in the United States. The county seat is Akron. The county was named in honor of the United States President George Washington.

History
Colorado State Legislature made Washington County out of larger Weld County in 1887. In 1889, Washington County's eastern half formed Yuma County. In 1903, Arapahoe County ceded its eastern portion to Washington County to create its present form.

Like many Counties in Eastern Colorado, The Great Depression affected Washington County, bringing its population down significantly. Recently growth has been stagnant.

Washington County's Eastern Colorado Roundup is home to Colorado's first home-owned carnival held on every July annually. There are activities such as rodeos, various rides, and animals to see.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2524 sqmi, of which 2518 sqmi is land and 5.9 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Logan County - northeast
 * Yuma County - east
 * Kit Carson County - southeast
 * Lincoln County - southwest
 * Adams County - west
 * Arapahoe County - west
 * Morgan County - northwest

Major highways

 * I-76 (CO).svg Interstate 76
 * US 34.svg U.S. Highway 34
 * US 36.svg U.S. Highway 36
 * Colorado 59.svg State Highway 59
 * Colorado 61.svg State Highway 61
 * Colorado 63.svg State Highway 63
 * Colorado 71.svg State Highway 71
 * Colorado 71.svg State Highway 71

Trails and byways

 * American Discovery Trail
 * South Platte Trail

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 4,926 people in 1,989 households, including 1,408 families, in the county. The population density was 2 /mi2. There were 2,307 housing units at an average density of 1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.39% White, 0.04% Black or African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.03% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. 6.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 1,989 households 31.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.70% were married couples living together, 6.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.20% were non-families. 26.20% of households were one person and 11.60% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.97.

The age distribution was 26.50% under the age of 18, 6.30% from 18 to 24, 24.80% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 18.20% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 103.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.10 males.

The median household income was $32,431 and the median family income was $37,287. Males had a median income of $26,225 versus $21,558 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,788. About 8.60% of families and 11.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.30% of those under age 18 and 9.40% of those age 65 or over.

Towns

 * Akron
 * Otis

Census Designated Place

 * Cope

Unincorporated Communities

 * Anton
 * Last Chance
 * Lindon
 * Platner
 * Rago
 * Thurman
 * Woodrow

Ghost Towns

 * Messex
 * Pinneo

Politics
Like all of the High Plains, Washington is a powerfully Republican county in Presidential elections. Among Colorado counties only Washington, Elbert and Hinsdale were carried by Barry Goldwater in 1964, and no Democratic presidential nominee has carried Washington County since Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936. The last five Republican presidential candidates have all obtained over 75 percent of Washington County's vote.

In other statewide elections, Washington County also leans Republican, although the county was carried by Democrat Roy Romer by a narrow margin in 1990 – when he carried all but three counties statewide – by Dick Lamm in 1982 and by Constitution Party candidate Tom Tancredo in 2010.

Education
There are 5 school districts in Washington County:
 * Akron R-1
 * Arickaree R-2
 * Lone Star 101
 * Otis R-3
 * Woodlin R-104.

Akron R-1 includes:
 * Akron High School

Arickaree R-2 includes:
 * Arickaree School (all grades K-12)

Lone Star 101 includes:
 * Lone Star School (all grades K-12)

Otis R-3 includes:
 * Otis Elementary School
 * Otis Jr.-Sr. High School

title: Washington County, Colorado


text:
Teller County, Colorado

Teller County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,710. The county seat is Cripple Creek, and the most populous city is Woodland Park.

Teller County is included in the Colorado Springs, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A few years after gold was discovered in Cripple Creek, political differences between area miners and mine owners, many of whom lived in Colorado Springs, resulted in the division of El Paso County. Created in 1899, Teller County was carved from the western slope of Pikes Peak, and was named after United States Senator Henry M. Teller. Within five years of its formation, Teller County became the scene of a dramatic labor struggle called the Colorado Labor Wars.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 559 sqmi, of which 557 sqmi is land and 1.9 sqmi (0.3%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Douglas County - north
 * Jefferson County - north
 * El Paso County - east
 * Fremont County - south
 * Park County - west

Major highways

 * US 24.svg U.S. Highway 24
 * Colorado 67.svg State Highway 67

National protected areas

 * Cripple Creek National Historic District
 * Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument
 * Pike National Forest

State protected area

 * Mueller State Park

Trails and byways

 * American Discovery Trail
 * Gold Belt Tour National Scenic and Historic Byway

Historic places

 * See List of National Register of Historic Places Listings in Teller County

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 20,555 people in 7,993 households, including 5,922 families, in the county. The population density was 37 /mi2. There were 10,362 housing units at an average density of 19 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 94.92% White, 0.55% Black or African American, 0.97% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.90% from other races, and 2.00% from two or more races. 3.49% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 7,993 households 33.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.20% were married couples living together, 6.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.90% were non-families. 19.60% of households were one person and 4.00% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.94.

The age distribution was 25.90% under the age of 18, 5.60% from 18 to 24, 31.20% from 25 to 44, 29.80% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 102.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $50,165, and the median family income was $57,071. Males had a median income of $37,194 versus $26,934 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,412. About 3.40% of families and 5.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.90% of those under age 18 and 4.20% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

 * Cripple Creek
 * Victor
 * Woodland Park

Town

 * Green Mountain Falls (partly in El Paso County)

Census-designated places

 * Divide
 * Florissant
 * Goldfield
 * Midland

Unincorporated communities

 * Crystola (Partly in El Paso county)

title: Teller County, Colorado


text:
Summit County, Colorado

Summit County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,055. The county seat and largest town is Breckenridge.

Summit County comprises the Breckenridge, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Summit County was organized as one of the seventeen original Colorado counties by the First Territorial Legislature on November 1, 1861. It was named for the many mountain summits in the county. Until February 2, 1874, its boundaries included the area now comprising Summit County, Grand County, Routt County, Moffat County, Garfield County, Eagle County, and Rio Blanco County.

In 1874, the northern half of the original Summit County was split off to form Grand County; with the creation of Garfield and Eagle counties in 1883, Summit County arrived at its present boundaries. In addition, Summit County has seen two major boom eras.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 619 sqmi, of which 608 sqmi is land and 11 sqmi (1.8%) is water.

The terrain of the county is mountainous with elevations ranging from 7957 ft at Green Mountain Reservoir to 14270 ft at Grays Peak. The elevation of the county seat of Breckenridge is 9602 ft, making it one of the highest cities in the state of Colorado and the United States. Much of the county has an Alpine (ET in the Köppen Classification) characterized by tundra vegetation. Breckenridge and other similar elevations in the county have a Subarctic climate (Dfc) characterized by cool summers and abundant snowfall in winter.

Adjacent counties

 * Grand County – north
 * Clear Creek County – east
 * Park County – southeast
 * Lake County – southwest
 * Eagle County – west

Major highways

 * I-70 (CO).svg Interstate 70
 * US 6.svg U.S. Highway 6
 * Colorado 9.svg State Highway 9
 * Colorado 91.svg State Highway 91
 * Colorado 91.svg State Highway 91

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,548 people, 9,120 households, and 4,769 families residing in the county. The population density was 39 /mi2. There were 24,201 housing units at an average density of 40 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 91.84% White, 0.68% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 3.96% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. 9.79% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,120 households, out of which 24.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.00% were married couples living together, 4.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.70% were non-families. 21.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 17.40% under the age of 18, 15.70% from 18 to 24, 44.30% from 25 to 44, 19.40% from 45 to 64, and 3.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. As of 2014, the life expectancy in Summit County was 86.83 years, the longest average life expectancy of any county in the United States. For every 100 females there were 139.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 144.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $56,587, and the median income for a family was $66,914 (these figures had risen to $65,281 and $80,441 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $33,741 versus $27,017 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,676. About 3.10% of families and 9.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.30% of those under age 18 and 3.40% of those age 65 or over.

The 2019 average real estate prices in Summit County were $1,262,929 for a single family home, $559,776 for a condo, townhome or duplex and $344,945 for a vacant piece of land (YTD through December 2019).

Life expectancy
According to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association, residents of Summit County had a 2014 life expectancy from birth of 86.83 years in 2014, the longest in the United States. Both men and women live longer in Summit County than in any other county in the United States: 85.5 years for men and 88.0 years for women is the life expectancy at birth. Two contiguous counties, Pitkin and Eagle counties, rank numbers two and three in the nation in life expectancy. Factors contributing to the high life expectancy in Summit County are "high education, high income, high access to medical care, the people are physically active, obesity is lower than anywhere else — so you’re doing it right,” said Dr. Ali Mokdad, one of the study's co-authors.

Elementary Schools

 * Breckenridge Elementary School
 * Dillon Valley Elementary School (Dillon)
 * Frisco Elementary School
 * Silverthorne Elementary School
 * Summit Cove Elementary School (Dillon)
 * Upper Blue Elementary School (Breckenridge)

Middle School

 * Summit Middle School (Frisco)

High Schools

 * Snowy Peaks Junior/Senior High School (Frisco)
 * Summit High School (Breckenridge)

Higher Education
Colorado Mountain College operates campuses in Breckenridge and Dillon.

Politics
Summit County is liberal in most elections. As of the 2020 presidential election, Summit County has not voted for the Republican candidate since 1988.

Towns

 * Blue River
 * Breckenridge
 * Dillon
 * Frisco
 * Keystone
 * Montezuma
 * Silverthorne

Census-designated places

 * Copper Mountain
 * Heeney

Ghost towns

 * Dyersville
 * Kokomo
 * Parkville
 * Preston
 * Saints John
 * Tiger

National protected areas

 * White River National Forest
 * Eagles Nest Wilderness

Ski areas

 * Arapahoe Basin
 * Breckenridge
 * Copper Mountain
 * Keystone

Trails and byways

 * American Discovery Trail
 * Colorado Trail
 * Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
 * Great Parks Bicycle Route
 * Top of the Rockies National Scenic Byway
 * TransAmerica Trail Bicycle Route
 * Vail Pass National Recreation Trail
 * Wheeler Ten Mile National Recreation Trail

Lakes
The county has three reservoirs, Lake Dillon, Green Mountain Reservoir, and Clinton Gulch Dam Reservoir that are also popular recreation sites.

Islands

 * Silver Dollar Island

Concert Venues

 * Dillon Amphitheater

title: Summit County, Colorado


text:
Sedgwick County, Colorado

Sedgwick County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,404. The county seat is Julesburg. The county was named for Fort Sedgwick, a military post along the Platte Trail, which was named for General John Sedgwick. It is located near the state border with Nebraska.

History
Sedgwick County was named after John Sedgwick, who was a major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 549 sqmi, of which 548 sqmi is land and 1.4 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Deuel County, Nebraska – north
 * Perkins County, Nebraska – east
 * Phillips County – south
 * Logan County – west
 * Cheyenne County, Nebraska – northwest

Major highways

 * I-76 (CO).svg Interstate 76
 * US 138.svg U.S. Highway 138
 * US 385.svg U.S. Highway 385
 * Colorado 11.svg State Highway 11
 * Colorado 23.svg State Highway 23
 * Colorado 59.svg State Highway 59

Trails and byways
Upper Crossing of the California Trail
 * American Discovery Trail
 * First transcontinental railroad
 * Pony Express National Historic Trail
 * South Platte River Trail Scenic and Historic Byway
 * South Platte Trail

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 2,747 people in 1,165 households, including 802 families, in the county. The population density was 5 /mi2. There were 1,387 housing units at an average density of 2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 90.50% White, 0.51% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 5.97% from other races, and 2.04% from two or more races. 11.43% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 1,165 households 26.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.10% were married couples living together, 6.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.10% were non-families. 29.40% of households were one person and 13.60% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.83.

The age distribution was 22.80% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 23.50% from 25 to 44, 25.00% from 45 to 64, and 22.10% 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.20 males.

The median household income was $28,278 and the median family income was $33,953. Males had a median income of $25,463 versus $16,392 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,125. About 7.80% of families and 10.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.70% of those under age 18 and 4.20% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Sedgwick County has been strongly Republican for most of its history. It was the only Colorado county to vote for Charles Evans Hughes in 1916 and one of only two carried by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912, while only three Democratic presidential candidates – William Jennings Bryan in the “free silver” 1896 election plus Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon Johnson in the 1932, 1936 and 1964 landslide wins – have ever carried the county, which has voted for the same candidate as the state of South Dakota in every election since its formation.

Towns

 * Julesburg
 * Ovid
 * Sedgwick

title: Sedgwick County, Colorado


text:
San Miguel County, Colorado

San Miguel County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,072. The county seat is Telluride. The county is named for the San Miguel River.

History
San Miguel County was given the Spanish language name for "Saint Michael" due to the nearby San Miguel River. On February 27, 1883, Ouray County was split to form San Miguel County. Originally the San Miguel County portion was to retain the name Ouray County with the new portion called Uncompahgre County.

Mining operators in the San Juan mountain area of Colorado formed the San Juan District Mining Association (SJDMA) in 1903, as a direct result of a Western Federation of Miners proposal to the Telluride Mining Association for the eight-hour day, which had been approved in a referendum by 72 percent of Colorado voters. The new association consolidated the power of thirty-six mining properties in San Miguel, Ouray, and San Juan counties. The SJDMA refused to consider any reduction in hours or increase in wages, helping to provoke a bitter strike.

In 1875, the Smuggler gold vein was discovered near Telluride. The Smuggler-Union, Tomboy, and Liberty Bell mines combined produced over a hundred tons of gold by 1920, third in the state of Colorado.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1289 sqmi, of which 1287 sqmi is land and 2.0 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Montrose County - north
 * Ouray County - east
 * San Juan County - southeast
 * Dolores County - south
 * San Juan County, Utah - west

Major highways

 * Colorado 62.svg State Highway 62
 * Colorado 141.svg State Highway 141
 * Colorado 145.svg State Highway 145

National protected areas

 * Lizard Head Wilderness
 * Mount Sneffels Wilderness
 * Old Spanish National Historic Trail
 * Telluride National Historic District
 * Uncompahgre National Forest

Trails and byways

 * Great Parks Bicycle Route
 * San Juan Skyway National Scenic Byway
 * Unaweep/Tabeguache Scenic and Historic Byway
 * Western Express Bicycle Route

Politics
For most of the 20th century, San Miguel County was a national bellwether. It voted for the winner in every presidential election from 1912 to 1984. Since 1988, the county has become one of the most Democratic in Colorado and the nation, largely due to the presence of the Telluride Ski Resort and the influx of liberal-minded voters in the 1960s and 1970s. These trends have made San Miguel similar in vein to other heavily Democratic ski resort counties like Blaine County in Idaho, Teton County in Wyoming, and Pitkin County within Colorado. In the 2000 presidential election, San Miguel County was Green Party candidate Ralph Nader's best countywide performance in the country with 17.2% of the vote.

San Miguel County is situated in Colorado House of Representatives, House District 58. The Current Representative is Marc Catlin, who has represented the county since 2017.

Towns

 * Mountain Village
 * Norwood
 * Ophir
 * Sawpit
 * Telluride

Census-designated place

 * Placerville

Unincorporated Communities

 * Ames
 * Egnar
 * Pandora
 * Sams
 * Slick Rock
 * Tomboy (ghost town)

title: San Miguel County, Colorado


text:
San Juan County, Colorado

San Juan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 705, making it the least populous county in Colorado. The county seat and the only incorporated municipality in the county is Silverton. The county name is the Spanish language name for "Saint John", the name Spanish explorers gave to a river and the mountain range in the area. With a mean elevation of 11,240 ft, San Juan County is the highest county in the United States and also has the two highest elevation houses in the United States; the ‘Bonnie Belle’ above Animas Forks at 11,900’ – 11,950’ elevation and an unnamed house above Picayune Gulch at 12,000’ elevation.

History
Long before European settlement, the area was regularly explored by the Anasazi, and later the Utes, who hunted and lived in the San Juans during the summer. There is also speculation that Spanish explorers and fur traders ventured into the area in the 1600s and 1700s.

Permanent settlement in the area surrounding present-day San Juan County began in 1860, near the end of the Colorado Gold Rush. These first settlers were a group of prospectors led by Charles Baker, who made their way into the San Juan Mountains searching for gold.

After the Brunot Agreement with the Utes in 1873, which exchanged 4 e6acre for the Southern Ute Indian Reservation and $25,000 per year, several mining camps were constructed. These would later become the communities of Howardsville, Eureka, and Silverton. San Juan County was formed on January 31, 1876, from part of La Plata County.

The region boomed after George Howard and R. J. McNutt discovered the Sunnyside silver vein along Hurricane Peak, outside the mining camp of Eureka. Gold was then discovered in 1882, which helped the county weather the Panic of 1893 far better than other mining communities, such as Aspen or Creede. The Sunnyside Mine would become one of Colorado's longest running and most productive mines.

Mining operators in the San Juan mountain area of Colorado formed the San Juan District Mining Association (SJDMA) in 1903, as a direct result of a Western Federation of Miners proposal to the Telluride Mining Association for the eight-hour day, which had been approved in a referendum by 72 percent of Colorado voters. The new association consolidated the power of thirty-six mining properties in San Miguel, Ouray, and San Juan Counties. The SJDMA refused to consider any reduction in hours or increase in wages, helping to provoke a bitter strike.

The Sunnyside mine was shut down after the 1929 stock market crash, but was acquired by Standard Metals Corp. in 1959, and reopened, finding gold in 1973 with the Little Mary vein. The county's economy was dealt a devastating blow in 1992 when the mine and the corresponding Shenandoah-Dives mill, the last operating in the region, permanently closed. The closure meant the end of jobs for over one third of the county's workforce.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 388 sqmi, of which 387 sqmi is land and 0.8 sqmi (0.2%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Colorado by area. The county is located in the heart of the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. Though it has the highest mean elevation of any county in the United States, at 11,240 ft, none of Colorado's 53 fourteeners (mountains at least 14,000 feet in elevation) are in San Juan County.

Adjacent counties

 * Ouray County – north
 * Hinsdale County – east
 * La Plata County – south
 * Montezuma County – southwest
 * Dolores County – west
 * San Miguel County – northwest

Major highways

 * US 550.svg U.S. Highway 550

National protected areas

 * Durango-Silverton Narrow-Gauge Railroad National Historic District
 * Rio Grande National Forest
 * San Juan National Forest
 * Shenandoah-Dives (Mayflower) Mill
 * Silverton National Historic District
 * Uncompahgre National Forest
 * Weminuche Wilderness

Trails and byways

 * Alpine Loop National Back Country Byway
 * Colorado Trail
 * Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
 * San Juan Skyway National Scenic Byway

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 558 people, 269 households, and 157 families residing in the county. The population density was 1 /mi2. There were 632 housing units at an average density of 2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.13% White, 0.72% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.36% Pacific Islander, 0.72% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. 7.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 269 households, out of which 23.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.90% were married couples living together, 8.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.30% were non-families. 36.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.63.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.10% under the age of 18, 4.30% from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 40.50% from 45 to 64, and 7.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,764, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $30,588 versus $19,545 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,584. About 13.50% of families and 20.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.40% of those under age 18 and 7.10% of those age 65 or over.

San Juan county is the only county outside Alaska where walking is the most common form of commute to work. As of 2013, 33% of residents walked to work, 18% drove alone, 19% carpooled, and 18% bicycled, though the small population size introduces considerable margins of error to these statistics.

As of November 2006, the one and only local school had 53 students in grades K–12.

Town

 * Silverton

Unincorporated communities

 * Howardsville
 * Middleton
 * Needleton

Former communities

 * Animas Forks (restored ghost town)
 * Eureka (ghost town)

Politics
In the era of William Jennings Bryan, San Juan County strongly favored the Democratic Party: no Republican managed to carry the county between 1892 and 1916, and it was even one of the few northern or western counties to vote for Alton B. Parker in 1904. It remained a Democratic-leaning county until the 1960s but then turned towards the Republican Party in subsequent decades. No Democratic presidential nominee won San Juan County between 1968 and 2000, although it was one of fifteen rural or remote counties to give a plurality to Ross Perot in 1992. Since John Kerry carried the county for his party for the first time in four decades at the 2004 election, San Juan County has voted Democratic at the last five Presidential elections.

title: San Juan County, Colorado


text:
Saguache County, Colorado

Saguache County (suh-WATCH ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,368. The county seat is Saguache.

History
Saguache County was formed December 29, 1866, in the Territory of Colorado when it was extracted from the northern half of Costilla County. A partition from Lake County on February 9, 1872, added the northwest section of the present-day county.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3170 sqmi, of which 3169 sqmi is land and 1.7 sqmi (0.05%) is water. It is the 7th largest of Colorado's 64 counties.

Adjacent counties

 * Chaffee County - north
 * Fremont County - northeast
 * Custer County - east
 * Huerfano County - southeast
 * Rio Grande County - south
 * Alamosa County - south
 * Mineral County - southwest
 * Hinsdale County - southwest
 * Gunnison County - northwest

Major highways

 * US 285.svg U.S. Highway 285
 * Colorado 17.svg State Highway 17
 * Colorado 112.svg State Highway 112
 * Colorado 114.svg State Highway 114

National protected areas

 * Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
 * Great Sand Dunes Wilderness
 * Gunnison National Forest
 * La Garita Wilderness
 * Rio Grande National Forest
 * Sangre de Cristo Wilderness

Trails and byways

 * Colorado Trail
 * Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
 * Great Parks Bicycle Route
 * Liberty Road historic mail route open to foot, horse, and bicycle travel between Crestone and the ghost towns of Duncan and Liberty crossing the Baca Mountain Tract Rio Grande National Forest.
 * Medano Pass Primitive Road
 * Montville Nature Trail
 * Mosca Pass Trail
 * Old Spanish National Historic Trail
 * Sand Ramp Trail, a hiking trail within the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve which skirts the east and north of the dune field.
 * Western Express Bicycle Route

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,917 people, 2,300 households, and 1,557 families living in the county. The population density was 2 /mi2. There were 3,087 housing units at an average density of 1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 71.29% White, 0.12% Black or African American, 2.06% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 23.00% from other races, and 3.08% from two or more races. 45.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,300 households, out of which 33.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.70% were married couples living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.30% were non-families. 26.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.40% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 26.90% from 45 to 64, and 10.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 101.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $25,495, and the median income for a family was $29,405. Males had a median income of $25,158 versus $18,862 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,121. About 18.70% of families and 22.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.60% of those under age 18 and 12.50% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Like many Colorado counties with a strong Hispanic presence, Saguache leans Democratic in Presidential elections. The last Republican to carry the county was Ronald Reagan in 1984.

Towns

 * Bonanza
 * Center
 * Crestone
 * Moffat
 * Saguache

Unincorporated communities

 * Alder
 * Duncan
 * La Garita
 * Mineral Hot Springs
 * Parkville
 * Sargents
 * Villa Grove

National Register of Historic Places
Saguache County has nine locations listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

title: Saguache County, Colorado


text:
Routt County, Colorado

Routt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,829. The county seat is Steamboat Springs. Routt County comprises the Steamboat Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Placer gold was found near Hahns Peak in 1864 as part of the Colorado Gold Rush.

Routt County was created out of the western portion of Grand County on January 29, 1877. It was named in honor of John Long Routt, the last territorial and first state governor of Colorado. The western portion of Routt County was split off to form Moffat County on February 27, 1911.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2368 sqmi, of which 2362 sqmi is land and 6.1 sqmi (0.3%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Carbon County, Wyoming - north
 * Jackson County - east
 * Grand County - southeast
 * Eagle County - south
 * Garfield County - south-southwest
 * Rio Blanco County - southwest
 * Moffat County - west

Major highways

 * US 40.svg U.S. Highway 40
 * Colorado 131.svg State Highway 131
 * Colorado 134.svg State Highway 134

National protected areas

 * Mount Zirkel Wilderness
 * Routt National Forest
 * Sarvis Creek Wilderness
 * White River National Forest

State protected areas

 * Pearl Lake State Park
 * Stagecoach State Park
 * Steamboat Lake State Park
 * Yampa River State Park

Trails and byways

 * Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
 * Fish Creek Falls National Recreation Trail
 * Flat Tops Trail Scenic Byway
 * Great Parks Bicycle Route
 * Swamp Park National Recreation Trail

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 19,690 people, 7,953 households, and 4,779 families living in the county. The population density was 8 /mi2. There were 11,217 housing units at an average density of 5 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.90% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. 3.22% of the population were Hispanic Latino of any race. Of the 7,953 households 31.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.60% were married couples living together, 5.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.90% were non-families. 24.40% of households were one person and 3.70% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.92.

The age distribution was 22.60% under the age of 18, 10.10% from 18 to 24, 36.50% from 25 to 44, 25.70% from 45 to 64, and 5.00% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 116.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.40 males.

The median household income was $53,612 and the median family income was $61,927. Males had a median income of $36,997 versus $26,576 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,792. About 2.80% of families and 6.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.20% of those under age 18 and 7.70% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Routt County is home to three public school districts: The county is also home to Steamboat Mountain School in Steamboat Springs and North Routt Community Charter School in Clark.
 * Hayden School District RE-1, serving Hayden
 * Steamboat Springs School District RE-2, serving Steamboat Springs
 * South Routt School District RE-3, serving Oak Creek and Yampa

Routt County is also home to the Steamboat Springs campus of Colorado Mountain College. CMC Steamboat is the only college in the United States that offers a degree in Ski & Snowboard Business, which focuses on the retail, manufacturing, and marketing of snowsports.

Politics
Routt County tilted Republican for much of the second half of the 20th century. From 1952 to 1988, Republicans carried the county in all but one election. The one break in this trend came in 1964, when Lyndon Johnson won Routt by a healthy margin of 63–37.

Since the late 1980s, Routt County has trended Democratic. It swung from a 34-point win for Ronald Reagan in 1984 to only a five-point win for George H. W. Bush in 1988. In 1992, Bill Clinton became the first Democrat to win the county since 1964 and only the second since 1948, carrying it with modest pluralities in both of his bids. George W. Bush won the county in 2000 by only 264 votes. However, John Kerry won it by a 10-point majority in 2004, and since then Routt has become powerfully Democratic, with Democrats winning by margins rivaling those in the counties closer to Denver. In 2016, Hillary Clinton won the county 54–37. Routt County continued its Democratic trend in 2020, with Joe Biden winning the county 63–35. This is the largest margin of victory for a Democratic presidential candidate in the county since the 1916 election.

City

 * Steamboat Springs

Towns

 * Hayden
 * Oak Creek
 * Yampa

Census-designated place

 * Phippsburg

Other places

 * Clark
 * Hahns Peak Village
 * Toponas
 * Milner

title: Routt County, Colorado


text:
Rio Grande County, Colorado

Rio Grande County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,539. The county seat is Del Norte. The county is named for the Rio Grande (Spanish language for "Big River"), which flows through the county.

Description
The gateway to the San Juan Mountains, Rio Grande County is one of the highlights of the San Luis Valley. The county covers 913 sqmi ranging from approximately 7000 ft on valley floor to several 13000 ft peaks. There are three municipalities within the county, Monte Vista, Del Norte, and South Fork and all have been historically developed along the rail line that follows the Rio Grande.

Monte Vista is the county's largest community situated on the valley floor. "Monte", as locals call it, is the center of the agricultural aspect of the county. There are numerous festivals, events, and clubs that take place in and around Monte Vista, and the Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge is a stop for migratory Sand Hill Cranes every year. Del Norte is a quaint town with a focus on its historic past; it is the county seat, home to the Rio Grande County Museum, and maintains a historic façade in its main street.

The newest town in Rio Grande County is South Fork. South Fork is surrounded by the Rio Grande National Forest and other public lands and has easy access to Wolf Creek Ski Area. Developed as a logging center it has become a gem of the Valley with a booming housing market, world-class 18-hole golf course, and the distinction of being the "Gateway to the Silver Thread" scenic byway.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 912 sqmi, of which 912 sqmi is land and 0.4 sqmi (0.04%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Saguache County - north
 * Alamosa County - east
 * Conejos County - south
 * Archuleta County - southwest
 * Mineral County - west

Major highways

 * US 160.svg U.S. Highway 160
 * US 285.svg U.S. Highway 285
 * Colorado 15.svg State Highway 15
 * Colorado 112.svg State Highway 112
 * Colorado 149.svg State Highway 149
 * Colorado 368.svg State Highway 368
 * Colorado 370.svg State Highway 370

National protected areas

 * Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge
 * Rio Grande National Forest

Trails and byways

 * Continental Divide National Scenic Trail
 * Old Spanish National Historic Trail
 * Silver Thread Scenic Byway

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 12,413 people, 4,701 households, and 3,417 families living in the county. The population density was 14 /mi2. There were 6,003 housing units at an average density of 7 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 73.93% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 1.26% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 21.45% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. 41.67% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 4,701 households 35.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, 11.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.30% were non-families. 24.10% of households were one person and 10.30% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.

The age distribution was 28.10% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 25.30% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 14.70% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 97.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.40 males.

The median household income was $31,836 and the median family income was $36,809. Males had a median income of $30,432 versus $23,005 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,650. About 11.30% of families and 14.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.40% of those under age 18 and 11.20% of those age 65 or over.

City

 * Monte Vista

Towns

 * Center
 * Del Norte
 * South Fork

Census-designated places

 * Alpine
 * Gerrard

Unincorporated

 * Homelake

title: Rio Grande County, Colorado


text:
Rio Blanco County, Colorado

Rio Blanco County (Condado del Río Blanco) is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,529. The county seat is Meeker. The name of the county is the Spanish name for the White River which runs through it.

History
Rio Blanco County was created on March 25, 1889, when it was split from Garfield County. The town of Meeker became the county seat.

On May 17, 1973, Rio Blanco County became one of two counties in Colorado to have a peaceful nuclear explosion as a part of Operation Plowshare. There were three nearly simultaneous explosions targeted at producing unconventional natural gas, all detonated as Project Rio Blanco. The other county is Garfield County under Project Rulison.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3223 sqmi, of which 3221 sqmi is land and 1.9 sqmi (0.06%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Moffat County - north
 * Routt County - northeast
 * Garfield County - south
 * Uintah County, Utah - west

Major highways

 * Colorado 13.svg State Highway 13
 * Colorado 64.svg State Highway 64
 * Colorado 139.svg State Highway 139

National protected areas

 * Routt National Forest
 * White River National Forest
 * Flat Tops Wilderness

Scenic byways

 * Dinosaur Diamond Prehistoric Highway National Scenic Byway
 * Flat Tops Trail Scenic Byway

State parks and wildlife areas

 * Colorow Mountain State Wildlife Area

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 5,986 people, 2,306 households, and 1,646 families living in the county. The population density was 2 /mi2. There were 2,855 housing units at an average density of 1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 95.01% White, 0.18% Black or African American, 0.77% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 2.02% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. 4.94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 2,306 households 35.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.10% were married couples living together, 7.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 24.80% of households were one person and 8.70% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.

The age distribution was 26.50% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 25.60% from 45 to 64, and 11.20% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 101.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.60 males.

The median household income was $37,711 and the median family income was $44,425. Males had a median income of $38,125 versus $19,940 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,344. About 6.70% of families and 9.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.60% of those under age 18 and 10.40% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Rio Blanco County is home to Meeker School District RE-1 and Rangely School District RE-4, as well as Rangely Christian Academy, a private K-8 school.

The county is home to Colorado Northwestern Community College in Rangely, as well as an extension of Colorado State University in Meeker.

Politics
Rio Blanco is an overwhelmingly Republican county in Presidential elections. It was along with Clark County, Idaho and Kane County, Utah one of only three counties west of the Continental Divide to vote for Alf Landon over Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936. In that election Rio Blanco was Landon's strongest county in the eleven western states, marginally shading normal Republican “banner county” Kane. Since that time only two Democrats – Harry S. Truman in 1948 and Lyndon Johnson who narrowly carried the county in 1964 – have obtained over forty percent of the county's vote. In fact, since 1968 only one Democratic presidential candidate, Michael Dukakis in 1988, and him only very marginally, has topped thirty percent of Rio Blanco County's ballots.

In other statewide elections, Rio Blanco County also leans Republican, although it was carried by Democrat Roy Romer in 1990 – when he carried all but four counties statewide – and by Constitution Party candidate Tom Tancredo in 2010. Rio Blanco County was also carried by Democratic Senatorial candidate “Nighthorse” Campbell in 1992, although since then no Democratic candidate for this office has surpassed thirty percent since.

Towns

 * Meeker (county seat)
 * Rangely

Unincorporated communities

 * Buford
 * White River City

title: Rio Blanco County, Colorado