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San Leandro, California

San Leandro (Spanish for "St. Leander") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area; between Oakland to the northwest, and Ashland, Castro Valley, and Hayward to the southeast. The population was 91,008 as of the 2020 census.

Prehistory
The first inhabitants of the geographic region that would eventually become San Leandro were the ancestors of the Ohlone people, who arrived sometime between 3500 and 2500 BC.

Spanish and Mexican eras
The Spanish settlers called these natives Costeños, or 'coast people,' and the English-speaking settlers called them Costanoans. San Leandro was first visited by Europeans on March 20, 1772, by Spanish soldier Captain Pedro Fages and the Spanish Catholic priest Father Crespi.

San Leandro is located on the Rancho San Leandro and Rancho San Antonio Mexican land grants. Its name refers to Leander of Seville, a sixth-century Spanish bishop. Both land grants were located along El Camino Viejo, modern 14th Street / State Route 185.

The smaller land grant, Rancho San Leandro, of approximately 9000 acre, was given to José Joaquín Estudillo in 1842. The larger, Rancho San Antonio, of approximately 44000 acre, was given to another Spanish soldier, Don Luis Maria Peralta, in 1820. Beginning in 1855, two of Estudillo's sons-in-law, John B. Ward and William Heath Davis, laid out the townsite that would become San Leandro, bounded by the San Leandro Creek on the north, Watkins Street on the east, Castro Street on the south, and on the west by the longitude lying a block west of Alvarado Street. The city has a historical Portuguese American population dating from the 1880s, when Portuguese laborers from Hawaii or from the Azores began settling in the city and established farms and businesses. By the 1910 census, they had accounted for nearly two-thirds of San Leandro's population.

American era
In 1856, San Leandro became the county seat of Alameda County, but the county courthouse was destroyed there by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault. The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn (now part of Oakland) in 1872.

During the American Civil War, San Leandro and its neighbor, Brooklyn, fielded a California militia company, the Brooklyn Guard.

San Leandro was one of a number of suburban cities built in the post–World War II era of California to have restrictive covenants, which barred property owners in the city from selling properties to African Americans and other minorities. As a result of the covenant, In 1960, the city was almost entirely white (99.3%), while its neighbor city of Oakland had a large African American population. The United States Supreme Court, in Shelley v. Kraemer, later declared such covenants unenforceable by the state. San Leandro was an 86.4% white-non-Hispanic community according in the 1970 census. The city's demographics began to diversify in the 1980s. By 2010, Asian Americans had become a plurality population in San Leandro, with approximately one-third of the population, with non-Hispanic Whites accounting for 27.1% of the population.

Geography and geology
The San Leandro Hills run above the city to the northeast. In the lower elevations of the city, an upper regionally contained aquifer is located 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 m) below the surface. At least one deeper aquifer exists approximately 250 feet (75 m) below the surface. Some salt water intrusion has taken place in the San Leandro Cone. Shallow groundwater generally flows to the west, from the foothills toward San Francisco Bay. Shallow groundwater is contaminated in many of the locales of the lower elevation of the city. Contamination by gasoline, volatile organic compounds and some heavy metals has been recorded in a number of these lower-elevation areas.

The trace of the Hayward Fault passes under Foothill Boulevard in San Leandro. Follow the link in the reference to see a series of photos of the fault cutting the asphalt between 1979 and 1987.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that San Leandro had a population of 84,950. The population density was 5423.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of San Leandro was 31,946 (37.6%) White, 10,437 (12.3%) African American, 669 (0.8%) Native American, 25,206 (29.7%) Asian, 642 (0.8%) Pacific Islander, 11,295 (13.3%) from other races, and 4,755 (5.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23,237 persons (27.4%). Non-Hispanic Whites numbered 20,004 (23.5%).

The Census reported that 84,300 people (99.2% of the population) lived in households, 282 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 368 (0.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 30,717 households, out of which 10,503 (34.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 14,142 (46.0%) were married couples, 4,509 (14.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,863 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,706 (5.6%) unmarried couples, and 326 (1.1%) same-sex couples. 8,228 households (26.8%) were made up of individuals, and 3,128 (10.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74. There were 20,514 families (66.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.36.

The population was spread out, with 18,975 people (22.3%) under the age of 18, 7,044 people (8.3%) aged 18 to 24, 23,469 people (27.6%) aged 25 to 44, 23,779 people (28.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,683 people (13.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

There were 32,419 housing units at an average density of 2069.9 /sqmi, of which 30,717 were occupied, of which 17,667 (57.5%) were owner-occupied, and 13,050 (42.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%. 50,669 people (59.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 33,631 people (39.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
According to the 2000 census, there were 30,642 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,081, and the median income for a family was $60,266. Males had a median income of $41,157 versus $33,486 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,895. About 4.5% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
San Leandro has long been home to many food-processing operations, and is home to many corporate businesses, such as Ghirardelli, OSIsoft, 21st Amendment Brewery, Begier Buick, and a Coca-Cola plant. Maxwell House operated a coffee roasting plant, where the Yuban brand was produced from 1949 until 2015, when it was closed as part of a cost-cutting plan instituted by parent company Kraft Foods. The city has five major shopping centers: the Bayfair Center, Westgate Center, Greenhouse Shopping Center, Marina Square Center, and Pelton Plaza. Lucky's flagship store opened in San Leandro.

Under San Leandro Mayor Stephen H. Cassidy, the city set the goal in 2012 of "becoming a new center of innovation in the San Francisco Bay Area." San Leandro came "out of the downturn like few places around, attracting tech startups, artists and brewers to a onetime traditional industrial hub."

In January 2011, Cassidy and Dr. J. Patrick Kennedy, a San Leandro resident and the president and founder of OSIsoft, one of the city's largest employers, "began developing the public-private partnership that would become Lit San Leandro," a high speed, fiber optic broadband network. In October 2011, the city approved the license agreement that allowed the installation of the fiber-optic cables in the existing conduits under San Leandro streets. In 2012, San Leandro was awarded a $2.1 million grant from the U.S. Economic Development Administration to add 7.5 miles to the network. By 2014, the network expansion was completed, bringing the total length of fiber in the city to over 18 miles. The network is capable of transmitting at up to 10 Gbit/s and is currently only available to business users.

The Zero Net Energy Center, which opened in 2013, is a 46000 ft2 electrician training facility created by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 595 and the Northern California chapter of the National Electrical Contractors Association. Training includes energy-efficient construction methods, while the facility itself operates as a zero-energy building.

According to the San Leandro's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Education
San Leandro is home to two school districts: The San Lorenzo Unified School District includes parts of Washington Manor and the San Leandro Unified School District includes most of San Leandro, plus a small part of Oakland. The board of the San Leandro Unified School District is composed of Melissa Fegurgur (Area 1), Jackie C. Perl (Area 2), Evelyn Gonzalez (Area 3), Leo Sheridan (Area 4), Diana J. Prola (Area 5), James Aguilar (Area 6), and Peter Oshinski (at-large).

In the latter part of the 20th century, San Leandro was home to three high schools: San Leandro High School, Pacific High School (in the San Leandro Unified School District) and Marina High School (located within the San Leandro city limits but coming under the authority of the neighboring San Lorenzo Unified School District). San Leandro High School was established in 1926. As the city's population grew, so did the need for a second high school. Pacific High School was built across town nearer the industrial area adjacent to State Route 17 (now Interstate 880) and opened in 1960. It featured a round main building and more traditional outbuildings, as well as a lighted football field. (The football field at San Leandro High School did not have, and still does not have, lights.) All nighttime games for both high schools were played at the Pacific football field, named C. Burrell Field after a former San Leandro Unified School District superintendent. San Leandro High School's nighttime football games are still played there.

Student enrollment declined in San Leandro and statewide in the late 1970s through the mid 1980s. In California, public schools receive their financing from the state based on the number of students. As a result of declining enrollment and corresponding decreases in state funds, both the San Leandro and San Lorenzo school districts were forced to close schools in the 1980s.

The San Leandro school district could not afford to operate two comprehensive high schools given the decline in enrollment. Amid much controversy, the school board voted to close Pacific High School, which graduated its last class in 1983. Those who wished to keep Pacific High School open cited the fact that it was a much newer facility and handicap accessible, with a more modern football field. Those who were in favor of retaining San Leandro High School maintained that it was a larger campus and therefore had more room to house both school populations; but planned on using Marina High School as a buffer. Through failed dealings and negotiations with the San Lorenzo Unified School District, Marina closed its doors shortly after leaving the City of San Leandro with only 1 high school instead of 3.

In 1989, the San Leandro school district sold the property on which Pacific High School was located and the site was developed into the Marina Square Shopping Center. The school's adjacent football field, Burrell Field, and baseball fields were retained. In 2012, the voters of San Leandro approved the Measure M $50 million construction bond for the renovation of Burrell Field and the baseball fields.

In the 1990s and continuing into the 21st century, student enrollment in the San Leandro school district increased. A new science wing was built at San Leandro High School followed by an Arts Education Center with a performing arts theater. In 2010, a separate campus one block from the main campus at San Leandro High School was opened for 9th grade students and is named after the civil rights leader Fred T. Korematsu, who had many connections to San Leandro and lived close to the city.

In 2018, the California State Department of Education selected James Madison Elementary as one of 21 elementary schools across Alameda County, and the only school in San Leandro, as a 2018 California Distinguished School.

San Leandro High School is home to such academic programs as the Business Academy, Social Justice Academy, and San Leandro Academy of Multimedia (SLAM). One of the award-winning national programs located in San Leandro is Distributed Education Clubs of America (DECA), an association for marketing students. In 2007, six students from San Leandro High School won in their competitive events and won a slot to compete in Orlando, Florida, on April 27, 2007.

In 2018, the College Board Advanced Placement named the San Leandro Unified School District a District of the Year for being the national leader among medium-sized school districts in expanding access to Advanced Placement Program (AP) courses while simultaneously improving AP Exam performance. The San Leandro Unified School District was one of 447 school districts across the U.S. and Canada that achieved placement on the annual AP District Honor Roll.

From this list, three AP Districts of the Year were selected based on an analysis of three academic years of AP data. SLUSD was chosen for the 'medium' district population size, which is defined as having between 8,000 and 49,999 students. SLUSD was the only district in the state, and was one of only three districts in the nation, to be honored with this recognition.

A number of students residing in San Leandro attend San Lorenzo Unified School District schools, including Arroyo High School, Washington Manor Middle School and Corvallis Elementary School, due to proximity to the San Leandro/San Lorenzo border.

The rest of San Leandro is served by San Leandro Unified School District.

Government
San Leandro is a charter city with a Mayor-Council-Manager form of government. The City Manager is Fran Robustelli. San Leandro city hall was built in 1939.

Mayor Juan González III was elected in November 2022, and serves on the City Council with six Council members. Council members are elected by all voters in the city using instant-runoff voting. However, the Council members must reside within the district they represent. The San Leandro City Council members are Sbeydeh Viveros-Walton (District 1), Bryan Azevedo (District 2), Victor Aguilar, Jr. (District 3), Fred Simon (District 4), Xouhao Bowen (District 5), and Pete Ballew (District 6).

Politics
In 2017, San Leandro had 45,257 registered voters with 26,421 (58.4%) registered as Democrats, 5,271 (11.6%) registered as Republicans, and 11,723 (25.9%) were decline to state voters.

Transportation
San Leandro is served by the Interstate 880, 580 and 238 freeways connecting to other parts of the Bay Area. East 14th Street (SR-185) is a major thoroughfare in downtown and continues towards East Oakland and Hayward. Davis Street is also another major street that intersects East 14th Street in downtown before heading towards the San Francisco Bay. Public transportation is provided by the Bay Area Rapid Transit BART District with the San Leandro and Bayfair stations serving the city. San Leandro LINKS provides free bus shuttle service for the western part of the city to the San Leandro BART station and AC Transit is the local bus provider for the city. A senior-oriented local bus service, Flex Shuttle, also operates within the city, as does East Bay Paratransit, which provides shuttle type transportation to residents with disabilities.

Healthcare
The Alameda County Medical Center's psychiatric hospital, the John George Psychiatric Pavilion, is located nearby in San Leandro. Fairmont Hospital, also located close by, is an Acute Rehabilitation, Neuro-Respiratoy and HIV care center. San Leandro Hospital is the city's full service hospital. Also present within the city are Kindred Hospital – San Francisco Bay Area, a long-term acute care facility, and the sub-acute unit of the nursing home care facility, Providence Group, Inc's All Saint's Subacute. A Kaiser Permanente Medical Center opened in June 2014, providing Emergency Medical Services.

Parks

The San Leandro Marina, which contains group picnic areas and trails, as well as docking facilities, is part of the San Leandro Shoreline Recreation Area. In addition to Marina Park, the City of San Leandro maintains and services 16 other parks throughout the city, all of which are available for use by residents and visitors alike. The Department of Recreation and Human Services for the City of San Leandro also staffs and maintains the Marina Community Center, the San Leandro Senior Community Center and the San Leandro Family Aquatic Center. Adjacent Lake Chabot Regional Park is popular for its scenic hiking trails, camping, and fishing. Although located in Castro Valley, the Fairmont Ridge Staging Area is the location of the Children's Memorial Grove, which consists of an Oak grove and a stone circle, with annual plaques listing the names of all children who have died as a result of violence in Alameda County.

Notable people

 * Stuart Alexander, sausage maker and mass murderer
 * Joe Alves, film production designer, worked on three of Jaws films, born in San Leandro
 * Richard Aoki, activist, charter member of Black Panther Party, born in San Leandro in 1938
 * C.L. Best, co-founder of Caterpillar, Inc.
 * Daniel Best, manufacturer and pioneer in the development of farming equipment
 * Lloyd Bridges, actor, film and television star, born in San Leandro on January 15, 1913
 * Brian Copeland, comedian, writer, moved to San Leandro in 1972; author of "Not a Genuine Black Man," about growing up black in then all-white San Leandro
 * Ellen Corbett, state senator (later moved to Hayward, California)
 * Dennis Dixon, quarterback for University of Oregon and NFL's Philadelphia Eagles; attended San Leandro High School
 * Carl Friden, Swedish American who started business Friden, Inc. in San Leandro in 1934
 * Kathy Garver, actress, best known for TV series Family Affair, was raised in San Leandro, where she attended school
 * Curtis Goodwin, Major League Baseball player from 1995 to 1999; graduated from San Leandro High School
 * Chuck Hayes, NBA basketball player for Houston Rockets, born in San Leandro on June 11, 1983; former college basketball star for Kentucky Wildcats
 * Leonard Haze, professional drummer and co-founding member of rock and roll band Y&T, was a longtime San Leandro resident and San Leandro High School graduate
 * Pat Hurst, professional golfer and NCAA women's champion, born in San Leandro on May 23, 1969
 * Derrick Jasper, college basketball player for UNLV Runnin' Rebels and Kentucky Wildcats; born in San Leandro on April 13, 1988
 * Fred Korematsu, see Korematsu v. United States, resident of, and arrested in, San Leandro
 * Art Larsen, professional tennis player, graduated from San Leandro High School, top-ranked in U.S. in 1950; lived in San Leandro until his death on December 7, 2012
 * Tony Lema, professional golfer, moved to San Leandro in 1940 at age six; in June 1983, Tony Lema Golf Course was dedicated in San Leandro
 * Bill Lockyer, former State Treasurer and Attorney General of California; served as President pro Tempore of the California State Senate; graduated from San Leandro High School and served on the San Leandro School Board from 1968 to 1973
 * Todd Marinovich, former quarterback for USC and NFL's Oakland Raiders, born in San Leandro in 1969
 * Dave McCloughan, NFL defensive back; born in San Leandro on November 20, 1966
 * Andrew McGuire, consumer advocate, led 30-year campaign to mandate fire-safe cigarettes worldwide, MacArthur Fellow, attended Pacific High class of 1963, John Muir Junior High, Monroe and Cleveland Elementary Schools
 * Russell Means, an Oglala Sioux activist for rights of Native American people, whose family moved to San Leandro in 1942; he graduated from San Leandro High School in 1958
 * Russ Meyer, film director, born in San Leandro on March 21, 1922
 * Natali Morris, technology news journalist and online media personality, born in San Leandro
 * Arlen Ness, custom motorcycle designer
 * Greg Norton, Major League Baseball player, hitting coach for Auburn University; born in San Leandro on July 6, 1972
 * Jarrad Page, starting safety for Kansas City Chiefs; lettered three years at San Leandro High School
 * Harold Peary, actor, comedian and singer in radio, film, television and animation; born in San Leandro
 * Tony Robello, Major League Baseball second baseman for Cincinnati Reds; born in San Leandro in 1914
 * Katherine Sarafian, PIXAR producer
 * David Silveria, musician (drummer for Korn), born in San Leandro on September 21, 1972
 * Jim Sorensen, track and field athlete, primarily middle-distance races; Masters M40 world record holder at 800 meters and former Masters M40 world record holder at 1500
 * Dorothy Warenskjold, lyric soprano, born in San Leandro in 1921
 * Harry Yoon, film editor, lived in San Leandro and graduated from San Leandro High School in 1989

In popular culture

 * In The Princess Diaries, the cable car conductor, Bruce Macintosh, proclaims that he is from San Leandro.
 * In Heart and Souls, Robert Downey Jr. finds out that one of the people he is searching for died in San Leandro.
 * In the alternative punk/ska band Camper Van Beethoven's song "Tania", San Leandro is (incorrectly) named as the city in which Patty Hearst's photo was taken during a bank robbery.
 * The music video for the song "High and Dry" by alternative rock band Radiohead is set in the former Dick's Restaurant and Satellite Sports Lounge.

Sister cities
San Leandro is twinned with the following cities:

 * 🇵🇭 Naga, Philippines, since 1989
 * 🇵🇭 Calabanga, Camarines Sur, Philippines, Since 2007
 * Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal, since 1970
 * 🇧🇷 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, since 1962

Friendship city
 * 🇨🇳 Yangchun, China, since 2007

title: San Leandro, California


text:
San Lorenzo, California

San Lorenzo (Spanish for "St. Lawrence") is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area in Alameda County, California, United States. The population was 29,581 at the 2020 census. It is an unincorporated community, located at the banks of San Lorenzo Creek. It was originally named Squattersville in 1851, but later renamed to San Lorenzo.

In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, which was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method," were used in later developments, such as the more famous Levittown, Pennsylvania.

History
San Lorenzo is located on the route of El Camino Viejo on land of the former Rancho San Lorenzo, a Mexican land grant given to Guillermo Castro in 1841, and the former Rancho San Leandro, granted to José Joaquin Estudillo in 1842.

Early residents during the California Gold Rush era lived here as squatters along the border between Rancho San Lorenzo and Rancho San Leandro. The informal name given to the area was Squatterville.

The first post office opened in San Lorenzo in 1854.

Many of the early inhabitants are buried in San Lorenzo Pioneer Cemetery, including Moses Wicks, who brought oysters to San Leandro Bay from Patchogue, Long Island. The cemetery is maintained by the county and the Hayward Area Historical Society.

San Lorenzo was mostly farmland, a significant center of production of fruit and flowers, from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.

In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, a tract of two- and three-bedroom homes for workers in the East Bay's war industries. San Lorenzo Village was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method," were used in later developments, such as the more famous Levittown, Pennsylvania. Home construction continued into the 1950s to accommodate the region's booming population.

San Lorenzo Village housing project launched as the largest privately financed housing project on the West Coast during WWII. San Lorenzo Shopping Center became one of the country's first planned community shopping centers and was home to the first Mervyn's Department Store.

Segregation
The original San Lorenzo Village homes were restricted to white owners, and re-sale of homes were limited to white owners through racially restrictive covenants on property deeds. "Sales brochures in the early to mid-1950s [...] assured prospective buyers that the village was "a safe investment" because "farsighted protective restrictions ... permanently safeguard your investment."" These restrictions, among others around fencing and house colors, were enforced by the San Lorenzo Village Association.

Legal enforcement of such covenants was deemed to violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by the Supreme Court in Shelley v. Kraemer (1948), meaning that while parties could choose to abide by the covenants, they could no longer be legally used to prevent non-white persons from buying properties with such restrictions. As a general note, without specific reference to San Lorenzo, after Shelley, homeowners associations still would bar non-white owners by requiring membership in the association before buying property, and federal and state governments refused to enforce the Shelley decision. In San Lorenzo, the black population remained under one-half percent in the early 1970s.

The language of these restrictions, even if not enforceable, may still be on property deeds.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.8 sqmi, of which, 2.8 sqmi island and 0.24% is water. San Lorenzo Creek runs partly through the town. It is located between the incorporated cities of San Leandro to the north and Hayward to the south.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that 23,452 people, 7,425 households, and 5,792 families resided in the CDP. The population density was 8,487.9 PD/sqmi. There were 7,674 housing units at an average density of 2,770.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 47.4% White (32.4% non-Hispanic), 4.8% African American (4.5% non-Hispanic), 1.0% Native American, 21.6% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, 17.9% from other races, and 6.5% from two or more races. 37.7% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The Census reported that 99.7% of the population lived in households and 0.3% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 7,425 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 56.7% were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present. 5.1% of households were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 0.7% were same-sex married couples or partnerships. 17.3% of households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.54.

The population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 9.4% aged 18 to 24, 26.9% aged 25 to 44, 26.8% aged 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

There were 7,674 housing units, of which 7,425 were occupied, of which 75.0% were owner-occupied and 25.0% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 73.0% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 26.7% lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 21,898 people, 7,500 households, and 5,677 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 7,893.4 PD/sqmi. There were 7,609 housing units at an average density of 2,742.7 /sqmi.

There were 7,500 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $66,170, and the median income for a family was $71,787. Males had a median income of $53,626 versus $39,531 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,922. About 3.7% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government
San Lorenzo is an unincorporated community and thus is governed directly by the County of Alameda. The area is policed by the Alameda County Sheriff's Office. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association, home to 5767 single-family homes, has been in place since 1945. The Homes Association Board is made up of five volunteer homeowners. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association is the master association to four sub homeowners associations.

Public education
San Lorenzo is served by the San Lorenzo Unified School District, established in 1865.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: San Lorenzo, California


text:
Sunol, California

Sunol (Suñol) is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Alameda County, California. Located in the Sunol Valley of the East Bay, the population was 913 at the 2010 census. It is best known as the location of the Sunol Water Temple and for its historic tourist railroad system, the Niles Canyon Railway.

Etymology
Sunol, formerly Sunolglen, is named for Don Antonio Suñol. His adobe ranch house from the 1840s was located where the San Francisco water system's works are now located.

History
The first Sunol post office opened in 1871 and the name was changed to Sunolglen the same year. The name reverted to Sunol in 1920. The town's name is in honor of Antonio Suñol, first postmaster in nearby San Jose and part owner of the historical Rancho Valle de San Jose land grant that once contained the site of the town. Thomas Foxwell Bachelder had large farm in Sunol and sold land in 1884 that founded much of the town.

Geography
Sunol is located adjacent to two railroads and lies near the crossroads of Interstate 680 and State Route 84. These connect Sunol with Fremont to the south and west, Pleasanton to the north, and Livermore to the northeast. Sunol sits 17 mi north of the center of San Jose and 32 mi southeast of San Francisco.

The town lies near Alameda Creek at the northwest edge of the Sunol Valley. The San Antonio Reservoir lies 3 mi to Sunol's east, and the Calaveras Reservoir lies 8 mi south of the town.

North of the town is Kilkare Woods, accessible only through Sunol.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Sunol CDP has a total area of 27.8 sqmi, of which 99.95% is land and 0.05% is water.

2010 Census data
The 2010 United States Census reported that Sunol had a population of 913. The population density was 32.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Sunol was 780 (85.4%) White, 1 (0.1%) African American, 6 (0.7%) Native American, 48 (5.3%) Asian, 7 (0.8%) Pacific Islander, 19 (2.1%) from other races, and 52 (5.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 91 persons (10.0%).

The Census reported that 100% of the population lived in households.

There were 362 households, out of which 76 (21.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 228 (63.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 20 (5.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 9 (2.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 16 (4.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 5 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 81 households (22.4%) were made up of individuals, and 24 (6.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52. There were 257 families (71.0% of all households); the average family size was 2.90.

The population was spread out, with 148 people (16.2%) under the age of 18, 74 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 164 people (18.0%) aged 25 to 44, 377 people (41.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 150 people (16.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.8 males.

There were 394 housing units at an average density of 14.2 per square mile (5.5/km$2$), of which 362 were occupied, of which 272 (75.1%) were owner-occupied, and 90 (24.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 708 people (77.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 205 people (22.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000 Census data
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,332 people, 483 households, and 368 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 40.6 PD/sqmi. There were 503 housing units at an average density of 15.3 per square mile (5.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 84.46% White, 0.98% Native American, 4.80% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 4.13% from other races, and 5.41% from two or more races. 8.71% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 483 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the CDP, the population was 22.7% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 33.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $88,353, and the median income for a family was $96,121. Males had a median income of $77,666 versus $37,102 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $45,773. None of the families and 1.4% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Area attractions

 * The Sunol Water Temple is an unusual Roman-inspired structure that marks the confluence of three sources of water that flow into the Sunol Valley.
 * Sunol Regional Wilderness
 * The Niles Canyon Railway Sunol Depot was built in 1884, and is the last surviving example of a Southern Pacific standard design known as a "One-Story Combination Depot #7." The building has been restored and is operated by the Pacific Locomotive Association.
 * Niles Canyon Road runs westward from Sunol and is a scenic 7 mi drive to Fremont.
 * A statue of Bosco, the dog elected mayor, sits in front of the Post Office. Bosco achieved a degree of international notoriety in 1990 when the Chinese newspaper People's Daily reported on his tenure as an alleged example of the failings of the American electoral process.
 * In 2007, songwriter Will Stratton released a song named after the town on his first album.

School district
The majority of Sunol is in the Sunol Glen Unified School District. Castro Valley Unified School District and Pleasanton Unified School District have small portions of Sunol.

The Sunol Glen School, a K–8 public school, is the sole school of Sunol Glen USD. High school students are served by Foothill High School in nearby Pleasanton.

title: Sunol, California


text:
Union City, California

Union City is a city in Alameda County, California, United States in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is located approximately 19 mi south of Oakland, 30 mi from San Francisco, and 20 mi north of San Jose. It was incorporated in 1959, combining the communities of Alvarado and Decoto. The city has 72,000 residents across a diverse population. Alvarado is a California Historical Landmark (#503). The city celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2009.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19 sqmi, all land with no bay frontage. The Niles Cone aquifer, managed by the Alameda County Water District, supplies much of the water consumed by Union City. Hayward surrounds the city to the north.

2020
According to the 2020 census estimate, the median income for a household in the city is $142,374. Males have a median household income of $59,274 versus $40,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,411. About 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

History
Costanoans ("coastal peoples") were the first inhabitants, living along Alameda and Dry Creeks. Shell mounds along the sloughs of Alameda Creek near the Alvarado sugar mill contained burial sites.

The first non-native community was founded in 1850 by John and William Horner, who named it "Union City" after their Sacramento River Steamship, "The Union". In 1854, it merged with the nearby community of New Haven (founded 1851) to form the town of Alvarado, named after a former Mexican governor, Juan Bautista Alvarado. Alvarado was the first county seat of Alameda County, a designation it lost in 1865 to San Leandro. Further east, Decoto was founded in 1870 as a railroad hub, hosting the first transcontinental railroad. Alvarado-Niles Road, one of the city's largest streets, connects the historical Fremont district of Niles with the historical Union City district of Alvarado.

The California Beet Sugar Company, the US' first successful sugar beet mill, was located in Alvarado and began operations in 1870. The plant was demolished in 1977.

Union City is a former railroad and steel town with an extensive industrial heritage. The Pacific States Steel Company occupied the land behind Union City Station that is redeveloping into the Union City Station District Downtown. The Alvarado and Decoto neighborhoods were both former railroad hubs and active railroad lines bisect both East End and the West Side of town. Trains are a way of life in Union City and natives are accustomed to waiting for Amtrak and freight trains to cross while commuting.

In the 1950s, Alvarado and Decoto – the latter making up the eastern side of the town – were annexation targets of the nearby communities of Newark, Hayward, and what would become Fremont. On January 13, 1959, they decided to incorporate into a single city, and named it after the Horners' original settlement, Union City. Tom Kitayama served as the city's first mayor in 1959 and was involved in Union City politics until his 1991 retirement. The population grew from 6,000 in 1959 to 70,000 in 2020. In 2016, Union City started to rebrand and unveiled a new city seal. Union City opened a new Teen Center in 2018.

Economy
Union City is the location of the American Licorice Company's West Coast operations, which moved there in 1971.

Union City is home to three major health care providers: a Kaiser Permanente facility, the Tiburcio Vasquez Health Center, and Washington Hospital's Nakamura Clinic.

Union City hosts industrial and shipping companies, including R&S Manufacturing, RCD Concrete, Jatco, and EntirelyPets.

Shopping
Union Landing Shopping Center is a 100 acre shopping center, adjacent to Interstate 880. It is one of the largest centers in the city and supports about 70 stores. The mall was completed in 1999. The land was previously a drive-in movie park.

A Target shopping center sits near the Hayward/Union City border.

Employers
According to Union City's June 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were:

Education
In 2014 New Haven Unified School District enrolls 10,000 students from Union City and Hayward. The district consists of seven (K-5) elementary schools, two (6–8) middle schools, one comprehensive high school (James Logan High School) with approximately 3,000 students enrolled. In addition, James Logan houses a 3,000-seat gymnasium and a 4,000 seat football stadium with lights. Lastly one adult/K-12 independent study school program is available. In December 2015, New Haven Unified School District renamed Alvarado Middle School to Itliong-Vera Cruz Middle School in honor of Philip Vera Cruz and Larry Itliong. The school district added solar power at school sites to cut energy costs. An arts center and new track and field are available at James Logan High School.

New Haven Unified School District's first teacher strike came in 2019.

Cornerstone International College, located at 725 Whipple Rd., is the city's first post-secondary institution.

Union City lies within the Ohlone Community College District and Chabot-Las Positas Community College District.

Transport
Several transit systems serve Union City, including AC Transit, the Dumbarton Express, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), and Union City Transit. The latter started in 1974 and runs nine bus lines throughout Union City and parts of Hayward.

BART came to Union City when the system opened in 1972. In 2007 the Union City BART station was rebuilt and developed into Union City Intermodal Transit Station.

Union City is served by a network of high-capacity streets, with four exits on Interstate 880 (Nimitz Freeway). Highway 238 also serves the city (Mission Boulevard). Quarry Lakes Parkway, formerly known as the East–West Connector, is a 3 mi roadway project that connects Mission Boulevard and Paseo Padre Parkway.

Station district
Union City invested $100 million into an expansion of the downtown district, including development surrounding the BART station, which links BART with rail services: Capitol Corridor, Dumbarton Rail Corridor and Altamont Corridor Express (ACE).

Government
Union City runs a council–manager government. The City Council consists of five representatives on a part-time basis. On November 3, 2020, the city switched from citywide elections to districts. The Mayor is elected at large. As of December 2023 the elected officials were: Singh, Jaime Patiño, Jeff Wang, and Scott Sakakihara. The mayor and elected council members serve a 4-year term, with a 3-term limit. A utility tax was passed in November 2020.

Politics
In 2017, Union City had 35,857 registered voters with 19,644 (54.8%) registered as Democrats, 4,200 (11.7%) registered as Republicans, and 10,693 (29.8%) registered as decline to state voters.

Media
The monthly East Bay Echo and bi-weekly Tri-City Voice newspapers offer local news. Union City Patch served the community and is part of Patch.com.

Culture
The first sugar beet factory in the United States was located in Union City, called the California Beet Sugar Company. It is noted by a California Historical Landmark #768, situated at Dyer and Ratekin.

Bay Area Flight 93 Memorial is in Sugar Mill Landing Park. It was the first monument completed in the United States designed to honor the passengers and crew of United Airlines Flight 93, which was bound for San Francisco, but was hijacked and crashed in rural Pennsylvania on September 11, 2001.

Courthouse
Alameda County's first courthouse was located in Alvarado, starting on June 6, 1853. The original courthouse was a two-story wooden building that was originally a mercantile that included a post office. It was built by A. M. Church and Henry C. Smith. In 1865 the county seat moved to San Leandro. With the widening of Union City Blvd., the original site was paved over. The site is listed on the California Historical Landmarks list.

Masonic Home
Masonic Home at Union City, a senior living community for Masons and their spouses, has as its centerpiece a large brick administration building. The administration building was identified as a significant historic property in the 1974 Historic Resource Inventory of Washington Township. Interior features include a main staircase with stained glass windows, a parlor filled with antiques, and paintings of fourteen Masonic US presidents. The original five-story brick building formed the center of the Administration Building. It was constructed in 1898 and was the Masonic Widows and Orphans Home overlooking Decoto. The north and south wings of the Administration Building were added in 1914 and 1928, respectively. Ten more buildings were built on this 305 acre campus, including Acacia Creek, a continuing care retirement community for all seniors, both Masons and non-Masons, completed in 2010.

Sister cities
Union City's sister cities are:

 * 🇦🇫 Asadabad, Afghanistan
 * 🇵🇭 Baybay, Philippines
 * 🇹🇭 Chiang Rai, Thailand
 * 🇮🇳 Jalandhar, India
 * 🇨🇳 Liyang, China
 * 🇲🇽 Mulegé, Mexico
 * 🇵🇭 Pasay, Philippines

Notable people

 * Stephen Abas - Olympic silver medalist in freestyle wrestling
 * Otis Amey - professional football player
 * Joey Bragg - actor, comedian, formerly on Disney Channel television series Liv and Maddie
 * Angelina Camarillo - former pop singer, also associated with NB Ridaz
 * Vicky Galindo - USA Softball player
 * Eddie House - professional basketball player
 * Aaron Ledesma - former Major League Baseball player
 * Darren Lewis - former Major League Baseball player
 * Raaginder - Musician and violinist
 * SuChin Pak - MTV VJ
 * Kelli White - sprinter
 * Roy Williams - professional football player
 * Avantika Vandanapu - actress

title: Union City, California


text:
Alpine Village, California

Alpine Village (formerly, Alphine Village) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alpine County, California, United States. The population was 114 at the 2010 census, down from 136 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.8 sqmi, all land.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Alpine Village had a population of 114. The population density was 40.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Alpine Village was 91 (79.8%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 19 (16.7%) Native American, 1 (0.9%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 2 (1.8%) from other races, and 1 (0.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6 persons (5.3%).

The Census reported that 114 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 52 households, out of which 11 (21.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 25 (48.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2 (3.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 0 (0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6 (11.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 18 households (34.6%) were made up of individuals, and 4 (7.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19. There were 27 families (51.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.96.

The population was spread out, with 22 people (19.3%) under the age of 18, 3 people (2.6%) aged 18 to 24, 24 people (21.1%) aged 25 to 44, 50 people (43.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 15 people (13.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

There were 69 housing units at an average density of 24.6 /sqmi, of which 52 were occupied, of which 41 (78.8%) were owner-occupied, and 11 (21.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 89 people (78.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 25 people (21.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 136 people, 54 households, and 32 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 48.1 PD/sqmi. There were 66 housing units at an average density of 23.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 61.76% White, 30.88% Native American, 5.88% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. 15.44% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 54 households, out of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,188, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $44,375 versus $26,429 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,201. There were no families and 2.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Alpine Village, California


text:
Bear Valley, Alpine County, California

Bear Valley is a census-designated place in Alpine County, California, best known as the location of the Bear Valley ski area. The population was 121 at the 2010 census, down from 133 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Bear Valley is within the Stanislaus National Forest and is reached by State Route 4. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.2 sqmi, of which 99.58% is land and 0.42% is water. Although inside Alpine County, Bear Valley Fire Department has contracted with California Department of Forestry, San Andreas, for dispatching.

Climate
Bear Valley's central Sierra location and elevation gives it a warm-summer Mediterranean climate that is nearly a subarctic climate. Precipitation is seen for a lot of the year except for the middle of the summer, which can experience rare, but not unseen, thunderstorms. Late fall to early spring brings in most of the yearly precipitation, typically in the form of abundant snowfall. Furthermore, summers are warm with cool nights while winters are cold and relatively long.

History
Bear Valley post office opened in 1967.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Bear Valley had a population of 121. The population density was 23.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Bear Valley was 119 (98.3%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 0 (0.0%) Native American, 1 (0.8%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 0 (0.0%) from other races, and 1 (0.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 persons (0.8%).

The Census reported that 121 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 67 households, out of which 11 (16.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 27 (40.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 0 (0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 0 (0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 4 (6.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 33 households (49.3%) were made up of individuals, and 4 (6.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.81. There were 27 families (40.3% of all households); the average family size was 2.67.

The population was spread out, with 18 people (14.9%) under the age of 18, 7 people (5.8%) aged 18 to 24, 28 people (23.1%) aged 25 to 44, 51 people (42.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 17 people (14.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.5 males.

There were 531 housing units at an average density of 102.6 /sqmi, of which 67 were occupied, of which 47 (70.1%) were owner-occupied, and 20 (29.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 29.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 75.3%. 94 people (77.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 27 people (22.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 133 people, 67 households, and 32 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 25.8 PD/sqmi. There were 431 housing units at an average density of 83.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.23% White, 2.26% Native American, 0.75% from other races, and 6.77% from two or more races. 3.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 67 households, out of which 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.9% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.2% were non-families. 41.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.99 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 16.5% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 33.1% from 25 to 44, 37.6% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,583, and the median income for a family was $44,375. Males had a median income of $36,875 versus $27,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,252. There were 14.3% of families and 8.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under 18 and 0.0% of those over 64.

title: Bear Valley, Alpine County, California


text:
Kirkwood, California

Kirkwood (formerly Kirk, Kirkwood's, and Roundtop) is an unincorporated community in Alpine and Amador counties, California, United States. Kirkwood's main attraction is the Kirkwood Mountain Resort. The town is accessible by State Route 88. Kirkwood is within the Eldorado National Forest. The population was 158 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Kirkwood as a census-designated place (CDP).

History
Zack Kirkwood, a cattle rancher who had settled in the area, opened an inn, named Kirkwood's, in 1863 with the opening of the Amador/Nevada Wagon Toll Road, the primary route through the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The following year, Alpine County was created and the redrawing of the county borders placed the inn at the convergence of Alpine, El Dorado, and Amador counties (the borders were later changed so that the inn is no longer in El Dorado County, but the original signpost marking the intersection of the three counties is still in the building). Eventually, the inn became a fashionable summer resort.

After Zack's death, the inn stayed in the family and continued to operate until 1966, when it was sold to an investment group, who then converted it into the present-day Kirkwood Mountain Resort.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.3 sqmi, of which 4.4 sqmi is land and 1.0 sqmi (18.28%) is water.

Climate
Kirkwood has a dry-summer subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsc). Summertime is very mild, with little precipitation, while winter is very wet and cold.

2010
At the 2010 census Kirkwood had a population of 158. The population density was 29.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Kirkwood was 153 (96.8%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 4 (2.5%) Native American, 1 (0.6%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 0 (0.0%) from other races, and 0 (0.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6 people (3.8%).

The census reported that 134 people (84.8% of the population) lived in households, 24 (15.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 72 households, 13 (18.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 26 (36.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1 (1.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2 (2.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 7 (9.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 31 households (43.1%) were one person and 8 (11.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 1.86. There were 29 families (40.3% of households); the average family size was 2.72.

The age distribution was 20 people (12.7%) under the age of 18, 21 people (13.3%) aged 18 to 24, 41 people (25.9%) aged 25 to 44, 51 people (32.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 25 people (15.8%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 44.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 150.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 176.0 males.

There were 757 housing units at an average density of 141.9 /sqmi. 72 (9.5%) housing units were occupied year-round, of which 45 (62.5%) were owner-occupied, and 27 (37.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 10.0%. 96 people (60.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 38 people (24.1%) lived in rental housing units. 673 (88.9%) housing units were designated as seasonal use only.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 96 people, 19 households, and 4 families in the CDP. The population density was 43.5 PD/sqmi. There were 82 housing units at an average density of 37.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.50% White, 2.08% Native American, 2.08% Asian, 1.04% Pacific Islander, and 7.29% from two or more races. 5.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 19 households 5.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.1% were married couples living together, and 78.9% were non-families. 5.3% of households were one person and 5.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 5.05 and the average family size was 2.75.

The age distribution was 7.3% under the age of 18, 62.5% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 5.2% from 45 to 64, and 1.0% 65 or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 255.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 256.0 males.

The median household income was $46,250 and the median family income was $0. Males had a median income of $17,917 versus $11,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,853. There were no families and 0.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under 18 and 0.0% of those over 64.

Infrastructure
The Kirkwood Mountain Resort was built with a micro-utility providing electric power without connecting to the state electric grid. The community was eventually connected when the town of Kirkwood took over the utility.

In popular culture
In episode 4 of season 2 of The West Wing entitled "In This White House", Deputy White House Communications Director Sam Seaborn references Kirkwood in a televised debate about school funding, though he mistakenly states that Kirkwood is located in Oregon. His debate competitor, Ainsley Hayes, corrects him by noting that the town is located in California.

title: Kirkwood, California


text:
Markleeville, California

Markleeville (formerly, Markleville) is a census-designated place (CDP) and the county seat of Alpine County, California, United States. The population was 191 at the 2020 census, down from 210 at the 2010 census.

History
Jacob J. Marklee founded a toll bridge crossing the Carson River in 1861. He aimed to tap into the traffic from the silver mining boom at Silver Mountain City. On June 23, 1862, he recorded a land claim of 160 acres in Douglas County, Nevada. A boundary survey took place, and the property ended up being in California. In 1863, Marklee died after being involved in a gunfight. When the Comstock Lode discovery took place, the town of Markleeville was founded on the Marklee property. Today, the Alpine County Courthouse sits on the former property, which is listed as a California Historical Landmark.

A post office opened in Markleeville in 1863.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.5 sqmi, all land. The region comprising Markleeville is Alpine in appearance, with lush grassy valley areas. There is a hot spring, and a state park with a campground. Excellent hiking trails abound.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Markleeville has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csb on climate maps, though it approaches a Humid continental climate (Dsb).

Markleeville has warm to hot summers with only occasional rainfall, mostly from afternoon and evening thunderstorms; nights are usually well below 50 F. Winters are somewhat cold and often snowy. The average January temperatures are a maximum of 45.7 F and a minimum of 17.4 F. The average July temperatures are a maximum of 84.5 F and a minimum of 43.1 F. There are an average of 15.7 afternoons with highs of 90 F or higher and an average of 221.7 mornings with lows of 32 F or lower, including 5.4 mornings falling to or below 0 F, and 8.1 afternoons that do not top freezing. The record high temperature was 102 F on July 11, 1931. The record low temperature was -25 F on December 22, 1990.

Average annual precipitation is 19.18 in. There are an average of 59 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest calendar year was 1996 with 38.35 in and the driest year was 1917 with 11.74 in. The most precipitation in one month occurred in January 1914 with 16.13 in. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 4.72 in on December 3, 1950. Average annual snowfall is 82.9 in, and snow depths of over 60 in were recorded during the very cold months of January 1916 and February 1922 – the average depth of snow on the ground in January being 8 in. The snowiest year was 1916 with 144.0 in, including 99.0 in in January 1916.

2010
At the 2010 census Markleeville had a population of 210. The population density was 32.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Markleeville was 192 (91%) White, 0 (0%) African American, 4 (2%) Native American, 2 (1%) Asian, 0 (0%) Pacific Islander, 6 (3%) from other races, and 6 (3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11 people (5%).

The whole population lived in households; no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 100 households, 19 (19%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 47 (47%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5 (5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 5 (5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 9 (9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 32 households (32%) were one person and 8 (8%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.1. There were 57 families (57% of households); the average family size was 2.7.

The population was spread out, with 39 people (19%) under the age of 18, 3 people (1%) aged 18 to 24, 42 people (20%) aged 25 to 44, 92 people (44%) aged 45 to 64, and 34 people (16%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 50.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.

There were 194 housing units at an average density of 29.7 /sqmi, of which 100 were occupied, of which 63 (63%) were owner-occupied, and 37 (37%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2%; the rental vacancy rate was 10%. 133 people (63% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 77 people (37%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 197 people, 92 households, and 57 families in the CDP. The population density was 10.3 PD/sqmi. There were 173 housing units at an average density of 9.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98% White, 2% Native American, 1% from other races. 2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 92 households, 21% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51% were married couples living together, 8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38% were non-families. 30% of households were one person, and 9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.6.

The age distribution was 17% under the age of 18, 4% from 18 to 24, 31% from 25 to 44, 34% from 45 to 64, and 15% 65 or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.

The median household income was $46,563 and the median family income was $63,750. Males had a median income of $49,375 versus $25,972 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $40,774. About 7% of families and 15% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25% of those under the age of eighteen and 13% of those 65 or over.

Arts and culture
Markleeville hosts an annual bicycle ride called the Death Ride - Tour of the California Alps. The route goes over five passes for a total distance of 129 miles and over 15,000 feet of elevation gain. In 2010 3,500 riders participated and 2,417 completed the full course of 5 mountain passes.

title: Markleeville, California


text:
Mesa Vista, California

Mesa Vista (corruption of Vista de la Mesa, Spanish for "View of Table") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alpine County, California, United States. The population was 200 at the 2010 census, up from 182 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.9 sqmi, all land.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Mesa Vista had a population of 200. The population density was 41.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Mesa Vista was 178 (89.0%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 15 (7.5%) Native American, 2 (1.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 0 (0.0%) from other races, and 5 (2.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11 persons (5.5%).

The Census reported that 200 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 83 households, out of which 21 (25.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 56 (67.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5 (6.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1 (1.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 9 (10.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 12 households (14.5%) were made up of individuals, and 3 (3.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41. There were 62 families (74.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.68.

The population was spread out, with 40 people (20.0%) under the age of 18, 4 people (2.0%) aged 18 to 24, 33 people (16.5%) aged 25 to 44, 87 people (43.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 36 people (18.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.8 males.

There were 103 housing units at an average density of 21.1 per square mile (8.2/km$2$), of which 83 were occupied, of which 73 (88.0%) were owner-occupied, and 10 (12.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 28.6%. 176 people (88.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 24 people (12.0%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 182 people, 72 households, and 49 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 10.7 people per square mile (4.1/km$2$). There were 85 housing units at an average density of 5.0 per square mile (1.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.36% White, 3.30% Black or African American, 6.04% Native American, 0.55% from other races, and 2.75% from two or more races. 4.40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 72 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 36.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $55,781, and the median income for a family was $65,250. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,906. None of the families and 1.7% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 6.3% of those over 64.

title: Mesa Vista, California


text:
Amador City, California

Amador City (formerly Amadore's Creek or South Amador) is a city in Amador County, California, United States. The population was 200 as of the 2020 Census, up from 185 in 2010, making it the least populous incorporated city in California. Amador City is also noted for being the smallest city in California by area.

Geography
Amador City is located at 38.41944°N, -120.82417°W.

Only 2 mi from Sutter Creek on Old Highway 49, Amador City is the state's smallest incorporated city by area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.3 sqmi, all of which is land, making it the smallest city in California by size.

History
Amador City was originally settled in 1849 at what is now Turner Road and Amador Creek (an old wagon road between Drytown and Sutter Creek) by several groups of gold panners who were drawn to the area. One of the groups was the Sunol Group. The Sunol group included José María Amador. José María Amador panned the creek, but his primary success was providing supplies that he brought from his rancheria in the San Ramon area. José María Amador left the group after six months, returning to his rancheria. The rancheria had suffered during his absence, and he needed to care for his ailing wife. José María Amador must have made a significant impression among the other panners. The creek, city and County eventually carried the name "Amador", the city taking its name from the county.

Early in 1851 gold quartz veins were discovered along the same creek but further west. Arrastras were brought to the area to crush the quartz. Shortly stamps mills were brought in to process the hard quartz that the gold veins were embedded in. By September two stamp mills were erected along Amador Creek. These stamp mills were so remarkable that it drew the attention of Eadweard Muybridge. He photographed the area and 3D images taken in 1851 were made of the stamp mills.

Amador City was incorporated as a city on June 2, 1915.

2010
At the 2010 census Amador City had a population of 185. The population density was 589.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Amador City was 171 (92.4%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 4 (2.2%) Native American, 2 (1.1%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 2 (1.1%) from other races, and 6 (3.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11 people (5.9%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 85 households, 22 (25.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 35 (41.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 9 (10.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3 (3.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 10 (11.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 26 households (30.6%) were one person and 9 (10.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.18. There were 47 families (55.3% of households); the average family size was 2.74.

The age distribution was 37 people (20.0%) under the age of 18, 18 people (9.7%) aged 18 to 24, 40 people (21.6%) aged 25 to 44, 65 people (35.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 25 people (13.5%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 43.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

There were 108 housing units at an average density of 344.2 /mi2, of which 85 were occupied, 54 (63.5%) by the owners and 31 (36.5%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 6.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.8%. 111 people (60.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 74 people (40.0%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 196 people in 85 households, including 54 families, in the city. The population density was 601.7 PD/sqmi. There were 91 housing units at an average density of 279.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 90.82% White, 1.02% Native American, 4.08% from other races, and 4.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.18%.

There were 85 households, 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 27.1% of households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.76.

The age distribution was 19.4% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 32.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median household income was $45,625 and the median family income was $39,861. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,963. About 14.0% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.5% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older.

Government and politics
In the California State Legislature, Amador City is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Amador City is in.

Education
Amador City is within the sole school district in Amador County: Amador County Unified School District.

There are currently no schools within Amador City's boundaries. The city is serviced by Amador High School, Ione Junior High and Sutter Creek Elementary.

Points of interest
Traveling the two blocks on Highway 49 the traveler can see signs of abandonment in this once thriving city, a contrast to the time when the placers and underground mines produced in abundance. An abandoned brick building stands next to the Fleehart Store, a beautiful reflection of the stone masonry of the time. Also on Main Street is the old Imperial Hotel, another example of the beautiful brickwork of California's past. A bridge replacement project completed in 2014 has beautified and revitalized the center of the city, providing patio dining at the Imperial Hotel, new public restrooms and improved access to the many quaint shops, wine tasting rooms and purveyors of unique, tasty comestibles.

 * Little Amador Railroad — Remnants remain of an incredibly-detailed G-Scale model train set in a garden that featured miniature mines and mills and turn-of-the-century full-size mining equipment. It is currently unused.
 * Amador City Cemetery — located behind the Imperial Hotel. Visitors can take a self-guided tour of the 1.25 acre cemetery that dates back to the beginning of the town. Historic Highway 49
 * Amador Whitney Museum — located in one of the oldest commercial buildings in town, dating back 1860, the museum collects and displays items related to history and culture of the Mother Lode region. The museum is named after Mr. Whitney, an antique dealer, that bequeathed the building to the city of Amador to be used as a museum. Amador Whitney Museum

title: Amador City, California


text:
Ione, California

Ione is a city in Amador County, California. As of the 2020 census the population is 5,141, which is a 35.1% decrease from the 2010 census. Once known as "Bedbug" and "Freeze Out," Ione was an important supply center on the main road to the Mother Lode and Southern Mines during the California Gold Rush.

History
Ione is the historical home of the Sierra Miwok Indians. In 1840, the future town site became part of the Mexican land grant Rancho Arroyo Seco in Alta California.

The town is located in the fertile Ione Valley, which is believed to have been named by Thomas Brown around 1849 after one of the heroines in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's drama The Last Days of Pompeii, but conflicting legends and sources for the name exist. During the days of the Gold Rush, the miners knew the town by the names of "Bedbug" and "Freezeout." Unlike other communities in Amador County, which were founded on gold mining, Ione was a supply center, stage and rail stop, and agricultural hub.

The first post office opened in 1852. The town of Ione continued to grow and prosper after its gold rush founding. The first school was built in 1853. The historic Methodist Church was organized in 1853 and the structure was completed in 1862. The first flour mill was built in 1855. The first brick building was built by Daniel Stewart, D. Stewart Company Store, in 1855 for his general merchandise store and is still owned and operated by the same family. In March 1865, Camp Jackson was built nearby, garrisoned by Company D, 2nd California Volunteer Cavalry, who stayed for three months until moving on to a new post.

At the centennial celebration of 1876, Ione had a population of about 600 which included about 100 Chinese who lived in Ione's Chinatown. The town included one public school, four churches, four general stores, one meat market, one laundry, one brewery, a restaurant, millinery shop, an art gallery, six saloons, a drug store and barber shop, and many other business establishments. The centennial also celebrated the completion of the Stockton and Ione Railroad, which had been incorporated in 1873 to build a 40 mi long narrow gauge railroad from Stockton via Linden to Ione, which operated only until 1876. The centennial celebration was the beginning of what is now known as the Ione Homecoming. This annual celebration has been held during the month of May almost every year since that first Centennial celebration in 1876 and is now held on the second full weekend in May every year.

The City of Ione was incorporated as a General Law City in 1953.

Ione has many landmarks and historical points of interest. Three are listed as California Historical Landmarks:
 * The Preston School of Industry, known as The Castle, was built between 1890–1894 to serve as a school for juveniles referred by the courts. The Castle is currently not in use, but the Preston Castle Foundation is working to help restore it.
 * Community Methodist Church of Ione
 * D. Stewart Company Store (#788)

Geography
Ione is located at 38.35278°N, -120.93278°W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.8 sqmi, of which 4.8 sqmi is land and 0.015 sqmi (0.31%) is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ione has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

2010
At the 2010 census Ione had a population of 7,918. The population density was 1,656.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Ione was 5,826 (73.6%) White, 824 (10.4%) African American, 173 (2.2%) Native American, 110 (1.4%) Asian, 21 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 678 (8.6%) from other races, and 286 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,991 persons (25.1%).

The census reported that 3,746 people (47.3% of the population) lived in households, 12 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,160 (52.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,466 households, 482 (32.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 810 (55.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 159 (10.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 77 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 84 (5.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 6 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 335 households (22.9%) were one person and 143 (9.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56. There were 1,046 families (71.4% of households); the average family size was 2.99.

The age distribution was 1,060 people (13.4%) under the age of 18, 648 people (8.2%) aged 18 to 24, 2,880 people (36.4%) aged 25 to 44, 2,550 people (32.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 780 people (9.9%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 310.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 366.5 males.

There were 1,635 housing units at an average density of 342.1 /mi2,of which 1,466 were occupied, 1,026 (70.0%) by the owners and 440 (30.0%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.9%. 2,574 people (32.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,172 people (14.8%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 7,129 people in 1,081 households, including 780 families, in the city. The population density was 1,502.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,155 housing units at an average density of 243.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 57.90% White, 17.83% Black or African American, 2.30% Native American, 1.68% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 18.12% from other races, and 1.99% from two or more races. 20.16% of the population were Hispanics The age distribution was 17.8% under the age of 18, 13.6% from 18 to 24, 45.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 5.6% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 380.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 449.1 males.

The median household income was $40,625 and the median family income was $48,911. Males had a median income of $26,922 versus $23,633 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,340. About 9.3% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
In the state legislature, Ione is in, and in. Federally, Ione is in.

State government
Mule Creek State Prison is located in the community. Adjacent to Mule Creek is the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Training Academy, which trains staff from all over California, as well as the Preston Youth Correctional Facility (formerly the Preston School of Industry, deactivated in 2011). According to the Mule Creek State Prison website, there are 3,782 prisoners residing in the facility, well above the designed capacity of 1,700, and they account for over half of Ione's population.

Notable people

 * Tiny Bonham, baseball player
 * Dave Brubeck, jazz pianist, raised in Ione
 * Justin Grant, racing driver
 * Merle Haggard, singer and songwriter
 * Eliza Withington (1825–1877), photographer

title: Ione, California


text:
Jackson, California

Jackson (formerly, Botilleas, Botilleas Spring, Bottileas, Bottle Spring, and Botellas) is a city in and the county seat of Amador County, California. Its population was 4,651 at the 2010 census, up from 3,989 at the 2000 census. The city is accessible by both State Route 49 and State Route 88.

Geography and geology
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.7 sqmi, all of it land. Jackson Creek traverses the city. Alluvial soils such as Pardee cobbly loam is found throughout the Jackson area.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Jackson has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (abbreviated Csa).

Early history
The area was inhabited by the Northern Sierra Indians, who occupied areas along creeks, spring, and seep areas, including permanent and seasonal drainages, flat ridges, and terraces. Therefore, areas along watercourses are considered likely locations for prehistoric cultural resources. Permanent villages were usually placed on elevations above seasonal flood levels. Surrounding areas were used for hunting and seed, acorn, and grass gathering.

Recent history
Jackson, named after Colonel Alden Jackson, was founded in 1848 around a year-round spring. Settlement of the region by American pioneers was stimulated by the discovery of gold in the Sierra foothills around 1848. The settlement was named for a local lawyer who was liked by miners named Alden Appola Moore Jackson. Although Amador County was an important mining center, its county seat of Jackson was not typical of the early gold camps. The camp grew quickly, as besides being a popular mining spot, it was also a convenient stopping place on the road from Sacramento to the Southern Mines. The camp became an important supply and transportation center for the neighboring towns, and by 1850, its population had reached an estimated 1,500. Jackson grew first as a watering hole for cattle, then as one of the earliest and most durable of the mother lode's hard rock mining areas. In 1853, Jackson became the county seat of newly formed Amador County, California. Previously, from 1851 to 1852, it had been the county seat of Calaveras County.

Placer mining gave out by the 1860s, replaced by hard rock mining. One of the town's most prominent historical landmarks, the Kennedy Mine, began operation in 1860; at the time of its closure during World War II in 1942, it was the deepest gold mine in North America, at 1802 m (5912 ft). On August 27, 1922, 47 miners became trapped when a fire broke out in the Argonaut mine. All 47 men died in the fire, but the last body was not recovered until over a year later. The Argonaut mine incident was the worst gold mine disaster in US history.

In October 1942, the US government passed the War Production Board Limitation Order, which signaled the demise of gold mining in California. The government needed men for the war and gold was not considered a strategic war metal.

Landmarks

 * Argonaut and Kennedy Mines: California Historical Landmark No. 786.

 * Jackson Gate: Jackson Gate, on the north fork of Jackson Creek, takes its name from a fissure in a reef of rock that crosses the creek. In 1850, about 500 miners worked here and the first mining ditch in the county was dug here; its water sold for $1 per inch, CHL No. 118.
 * Site of Jackson's Pioneer Jewish Synagogue: On September 18, 1857, Congregation B'nai Israel of Jackson dedicated on this site the first synagogue in the Mother Lode. High holy day worship continued until 1869 when the larger Masonic Hall was used to accommodate the congregation. The wooden structure then served as a schoolhouse until 1888. Relocated onto a nearby lot, it became a private dwelling, and was razed in 1948, CHL No. 865. The Jackson Pioneer Jewish Cemetery (active from 1857 to 1921) was connected to the synagogue.
 * Pioneer Hall: The Order of Native Daughters of the Golden West was organized on these premises, the site of the Pioneer Hall, on September 11, 1886, CHL No. 34.

Demographics
Jackson has a large Serbian community and Serbian Orthodox church.

2010
At the 2010 census, Jackson had a population of 4,651. The population density was 1,246.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Jackson was 4,090 (87.9%) White, 32 (0.7%) African American, 94 (2.0%) Native American, 60 (1.3%) Asian, 4 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 185 (4.0%) from other races, and 186 (4.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 520 people (11.2%).

The census reported that 4,423 people (95.1% of the population) lived in households, 12 (0.3%) lived in noninstitutionalized group quarters, and 216 (4.6%) were institutionalized.

Of the 2,065 households, 537 (26.0%) had children under 18 living in them, 822 (39.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 294 (14.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 98 (4.7%) had a male householder with no wife present., 120 (5.8%) were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, five (0.2%) were same-sex married couples or partnerships; 747 households (36.2%) were one person and 438 (21.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.14. Of the 1,214 families (58.8% of households), the average family size was 2.75.

The age distribution was 945 people (20.3%) under 18, 306 people (6.6%) 18 to 24, 1,030 people (22.1%) 25 to 44, 1,197 people (25.7%) 45 to 64, and 1,173 people (25.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 46.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.

The 2,309 housing units had an average density of 619.0 /sqmi,of which 2,065 were occupied, 1,122 (54.3%) by the owners and 943 (45.7%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%; 2,305 people (49.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,118 people (45.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census, 3,989 people in 1,746 households, including 1,023 families, lived in the city. The population density was 1,135.8 PD/sqmi. The 1,859 housing units had an average density of 529.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 1.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. About 6.5% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. Of the 1,746 households, 24.0% had children under 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were not families. About 36.1% of households were one person, and 20.0% were one person 65 or older. The average household size was 2.13, and the average family size was 2.74.

The age distribution was 20.0% under 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 28.8% 65 or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.3 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 75.3 males.

The median income for a household was $35,944 and for a family was $45,887. Males had a median income of $40,444 versus $35,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,399. About 4.1% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

High school
Jackson has only one high school, Argonaut High School. The school's namesake is the Argonaut Mine, located in town.

Notable people

 * Robert Grant Aitken, astronomer
 * John C. Begovich, politician
 * Anthony Caminetti, politician
 * Ernest Gallo, winemaker
 * James T. Farley, politician
 * Marie Suize, French woman who became a gold miner in early Jackson

title: Jackson, California


text:
Plymouth, California

Plymouth (formerly, Puckerville, Pokerville, and Poker Camp) is a city in Amador County, California, United States. The population was 1,005 at the 2010 census. The town was originally named Pokerville, when it was settled during the time of the gold rush. Plymouth is commonly now known as a "Gateway to Shenandoah Valley", a popular wine-producing region in the Sierra foothills. Plymouth is home to the number one Country County Fair in the state of CA and to a wonderful community of people who value their rural lifestyle.

Geography
Plymouth is located at 38.48194°N, -120.84472°W

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.9 sqmi, of which 98.66 percent is land and 1.34 percent is water.

History
A post office was opened in 1871. The city incorporated in 1917. The Plymouth Trading Post is a registered as California Historical Landmark #41.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Plymouth has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

2010
At the 2010 census Plymouth had a population of 1,005. The population density was 1,065.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Plymouth was 850 (84.6%) White, three (0.3%) African American, 18 (1.8%) Native American, six (0.6%) Asian, two (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 70 (7.0%) from other races, and 56 (5.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 183 people (18.2%).

The census reported that 996 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, nine (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 403 households, 130 (32.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 185 (45.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 41 (10.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 23 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 28 (6.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and two (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 119 households (29.5%) were one person and 56 (13.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47. There were 249 families (61.8% of households); the average family size was 3.14.

The age distribution was 238 people (23.7%) under the age of 18, 75 people (7.5%) aged 18 to 24, 247 people (24.6%) aged 25 to 44, 290 people (28.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 155 people (15.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 40.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

There were 493 housing units at an average density of 522.5 /sqmi,of which 403 were occupied, 259 (64.3%) by the owners and 144 (35.7%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.0 percent; the rental vacancy rate was 12.0 percent. 634 people (63.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 362 people (36.0%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 980 people in 392 households, including 272 families, in the city. The population density was 1,060.6 PD/sqmi. There were 457 housing units at an average density of 494.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.51% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 2.24% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 1.43% from other races, and 4.49% from two or more races. 5.10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 392 households 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 25.8% of households were one person and 13.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.99.

The age distribution was 29.3% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,262, and the median family income was $43,611. Males had a median income of $32,411 versus $23,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,197. About 9.3% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Plymouth, California