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Bharani

Bharani (Devanagari: भरणी) is the second nakshatra in Hindu astronomy, corresponding to 35, 39, and 41 Arietis all together. In Jyotiṣa, Bharani is ruled by Shukra (the planet Venus). Also, it is classified as a Cruel or Active nakshatra, meaning that, under electional astrological beliefs, works of a harmful or deceptive nature are best conducted while the moon is Bharani.

Bharani is seen as being under the domain of Yama, the god of death or Kālī.

Traditional Hindu given names are determined by which pada (quarter) of a nakshatra the Ascendant/Lagna was in at the time of birth. The given name would begin with the following syllables:
 * A (pronounced as in "agglutination")
 * Ee (pronounced as in "Eel")
 * Li (pronounced as in "little")
 * Lu (pronounced as in "look")
 * Le (pronounced as in "levity")
 * Lo (pronounced as in "local")

title: Bharani


text:
Talk:Uncle Tom

Uncle Ben's Rice
As example? https://www.tiff.net/the-review/uncle-tom-is-dead/ https://www.rogerogreen.com/2015/10/21/uncle-ben-carson-as-uncle-tom/ 2607:F2C0:E006:34:B103:D3D1:C6F0:DE87 (talk) 21:47, 13 January 2019 (UTC)

Oreo
The definition for Oreo is not the one that I've heard when I was growing up. I remember it as being someone with a white and black parent. It was still derogatory, but I think the definition is wrong. Anyone else have input? 128.193.44.196 (talk) 20:30, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Growing up in South Africa some people were given the label "coconut" - black on the outside, white on the inside - maybe "oreo" is a similar label? --Totorotroll (talk) 15:30, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

 *  … this gets bounced back & forth every few months … an editor adds it, and then Some Other Editor removes it … I've lost track. :-) Happy Editing! —  16:29, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Cabin is real
Uncle Tom's cabin exists: in Canada. One day soon I'll add some info....DW

 * Actually it's the cabin of Josiah Henson (located near Chatham, Ontario), the escaped slave whose experiences inspired much of the book.

 * It would be better included under Uncle Tom's Cabin - stewacide 22:57 Dec 21, 2002 (UTC)

Fine ground glass
We humans have been making glass for over 3500 years.

The Ancient Egyptians were making and exporting glass from their factories to their neighbours in Arabia, Mesopotamia, Syria, Cyprus and Crete.

About 500 years ago, it was believed that if you ground up some valuable glass and fed it to an enemy, it would kill them. A few centuries later, the slave chronicles of pre-Civil War America refer to disgruntled black slaves who “poisoned masters and mistresses with arsenic, ground glass and ‘spiders beaten up in buttermilk’ ”. A popular device in Victorian literature had fictional characters using ground glass to surreptitiously kill off unwanted relatives. The “ground glass death” myth persists to this day. For example, it is claimed that unscrupulous manufacturers of ecstasy cut it with ground glass. But, as it says in Porgy and Bess, it ain’t necessarily so.

Firstly, I should clear up exactly what I mean by ground glass. The ground glass that I don’t mean is the type used in the focussing systems of expensive still and movie cameras. No, the ground glass I’m talking about is what you get if you smash glass up into tiny pieces that you then maliciously feed to someone.

In 1642, the writer and physician, Sir Thomas Browne, described in his book, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, how he tested this myth on dogs – and how he debunked it. (I guess he didn’t have to deal with a Grants Committee or an Ethics Committee). He wrote, “That Glass is poison, according unto common conceit, I know not how to grant … from experience, as having given unto Dogs above a dram thereof, subtilly (sic) powdered in Butter and Paste, without any visible disturbance”.

More recently, in 1916, a poisoner in New York City testified that he had tried to use ground glass to kill people, but that it had proved to be useless.

Since then, many people have written about this supposed toxicity of ground glass, but probably the nicest summary comes from Dr. D. P. Lyle, who wrote the enticingly-entitled Forensics for Dummies. In another of his books, Murder and Mayhem, A Doctor Answers Medical and Forensic Questions for Mystery Writers, he answers the ground glass conundrum. He writes that “very fine glass is unlikely to cause any lethal damage to the Gastro Intestinal tract … Even with coarser glass, the bleeding would probably not be massive or life-threatening, but slow and (would) lead to anaemia and fatigue.”

The gut is a very dynamic organ, writhing around as it does in that space between the bottom of your lungs and the top of your legs. It is also dynamic on its inside. It both grinds your food very finely in the stomach, as well as pushing it along the 8-metre-or-so length of the gut and out into your toilet bowl. Long skinny splinters of glass would definitely cause problems as it got shoved along your gut – but you would certainly notice it as you chewed your meal.

And yes, chunks of jagged glass the size of matchheads would cause bleeding as they rubbed against the soft interior of your gut - but while it was in your mouth, you would have to notice the unexpectedly rough texture of your meal. You would still notice the glass if it were ground as finely as sand (ever had a picnic on a windy day at the beach?). If the glass were ground so finely that you didn’t notice its presence in your mouth, then neither would your gut.

There might be an intermediate grain size of ground glass which you wouldn’t notice eating, but which would cause some minor bleeding, which you would notice in the toilet bowl - and then you could denounce your murderously transparent relative as a Pain in the Glass… Should you really wish to use glass as a murder weapon, do try a broken bottle. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.255.152.243 (talk) 04:26, 18 March 2015 (UTC) A comment on the note about a cook and fine ground glass: no body would die from eating glass if it is fine enough to be eaten without noticing, nor will anyone eat it if it where noticeable. Fine ground glass has no more effect then the sand of the sea shore. If anyone has a beter example, please edit it.

 * Sand on the seashore is old, it has been slowly ground for a long time and it has rounded edges under a microscope. Freshly ground glass will have sharp edges.    —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.124.240.82 (talk) 11:45, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Obviously, you're not familiar with real-life examples of this. Yes, it WAS effective over time; slave masters died slowly, from internal bleeding. (Ya-aay! One more for our side) :-p 17:07, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * From the Internet: "They poisoned masters and mistresses with arsenic, ground glass and 'spiders beaten up in buttermilk.' They chopped them [slaveholders] to pieces with axes and burned their houses, gins and barns to the ground." (Robinson) Plottin' and schemin', grinnin' an' skinnin' to ol' massa's face, but with a stolen knife in a back pocket and an escape plan at the ready. 'S how we got ovuh. :-p 11:39, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I suggest you read this before you believe a general list of ways to poison people... http://www.snopes.com/horrors/poison/glass.htm

Gee, thanks for the patronizing suggestion, but the author of the piece you cite makes certain assumptions based on free folks in the modern era:

 * 1) speed. Slaves were slaves for life. It's not like they had someplace to go. The amount of time it took to accomplish a murder was insignificant. In fact, the slowness of a hated master's death and watching as it took hold of him could make the process even more satisfying/gratifying. :-D
 * 2) Medical care. Rather than visit a physician, it would be far more likely that the afflicted slaveowner would rely on home remedies for something apparently so minor (in the beginning, at least) as intestinal discomfort or stool blackened by blood. And guess who would've tended to him? Yep. Good ol' "Mammy." :-p
 * 3) Poison. Most slaves did not have free access to poisonous substances; indeed, even so common an agricultural substance as lye often was carefully controlled/accounted for. Did vengeance homicide using poisonous substances happen? Of course (hooray!). But shattered glass from an "accident" in the kitchen would have been discarded without reservation. Further, it would have been relatively plentiful over time and never missed. If one had the time (and it's already established they did) to grind it, glass made a perfectly serviceable, untraceable instrument of murder. Poison could be more easily detected -- and, in case of the existence of an antidote -- more easily treated. Given a choice, would you choose to kill a racist, rapist crakkker, or someone who sold your children away from you, and be found out, mutilated/murdered for your trouble in a public and agonizing way so as to be made an example of? Or, would you rather do so surreptitiously over time and survive to savor the act? "Uncle Tom" was an "uncle" because "uncle" was/is a derogatory term for an elderly black man. A reminder: the subject under discussion here is tomming -- not how to be a "bad nigguh" and die young. We're talking stealth here, cunning subterfuge. Rule number two: get even/get ovuh. Rule number one (and the most important; it is "how we got over"): stay alive.
 * 4) Efficacy. Snopes doesn't say ground glass wouldn't kill someone; it most certainly did. It simply says it would take -- again -- time.
 * 5) Detectability. Finely ground glass can be concealed in food -- particularly in the kind of simple food eaten in the antebellum South. The texture of stoneground grains, nuts, porridges and stews -- rather than the refined flours and highly processed and relatively sophisticated fare of today -- could easily disguise it, the occassional grit detected as merely a consequence of rural circumstances, incomplete washing of raw ingredients.

Such acts of defiance were more than wishful thinking/apocryphal folklore. They actually happened. 22:08, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC) - I'm sorry, but where is a single cite that supports someone dying from ground glass? -- 02:18, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I'm not going to waste a lot of time hunting down evidence on something so widely known as this. Just about anyone who's studied slave resistance knows of this method of retribution. From ReligiousTolerance.org, "A brief history of the "peculiar institution": 16th-18th centuries, in North America & Britain":

 * "Many, perhaps most, slaves engaged in passive resistance:

 * "'They worked no harder than they had to, put on deliberate slowdowns, staged sit-down strikes and fled to the swamps en masse at cotton picking time. They broke implements, trampled the crops and 'took' silver, wine, money, corn, cotton and machines.' 3

 * "Others were more aggressive:

 * "'They poisoned masters and mistresses with arsenic, ground glass and 'spiders beaten up in buttermilk.' They chopped them [slaveholders] to pieces with axes and burned their houses, gins and barns to the ground.'"

Another source:

From a curriculum abstract developed by Yolanda Jones-Generette of Yale:
 * "Female slaves were often given the job of cook for their slaveholders. These slaves would sometimes poison the food that they prepared for their masters. Slaves would create concoctions from different herbs and plants and put them into the food of their masters in which resulted in death for some slave owners. These slave cooks would grind up glass in food and they would prepare meals with other harmful items in them.2"

If I searched my personal library, I probably could come up with more information on this relatively widespread practice -- but I haven't the time or the inclination to do so. deeceevoice 13:12, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

This is a fairly minor issue so this is the last thing I'm going to add about this since you seem to feel fairly passionately about the testimonies you've read, but the article says:

"or exact a slow and agonizing death from her master by lacing his food with finely ground glass"

Whereas as far as *I've* read there has never been a proven case of poisoning by ground glass being hidden in food. If the article was reworded so that it said something to the effect of "attempting to poison", it'd be better. Pedantic, yes, but also factual. --Vision4bg 14:11, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I've returned to the snopes.com article and re-skimmed it from top to bottom. The case it presents has done absolutely nothing to overturn the historical accounts of poisoning using glass. In fact, it doesn't even address the numerous historical references to the practice of slave cooks grinding glass in their masters' food, which attests to the historical and cultural bias inherent in the article -- something which I suppose is understandable, given the times, but is not at all useful in debunking numerous credible historical references to slave resistance.

Incidentally, it has also occurred to me there is another wrinkle in all of this, and that is the relatively high lead content of a lot of early glass and the effects such lead poisoning would have over time. If players of the water harp (armonica) contracted serious nervous system disorders, insanity and other maladies from merely rubbing the rims of leaded glass, consider what ingestion of it might do over time. Unless you come up with something better than the snopes article to challenge what has been widely accepted as historical fact for decades (ask virtually anyone who has studied the subject or read any decent related work), I'm strongly inclined to let the passage stand. Some historians, for example, have challenged the authenticity of folklore recounting quilts being used as "flags" of sorts to point the way to runaway bondsmen and women (based on the absence of written evidence of the practice before the 1980s) and all sorts of other things -- but never, to my knowledge, such accounts of black, uh ... culinary creativity. deeceevoice 16:48, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Fair/ Unfair Accusations
Hey guys, I was wondering if it was worth putting in something about many people accused of being Uncle Toms based on views that simply aren't in line with the majority of the black race, rather than actually being against the race. For instance, some called Bill Cosby an Uncle Tom because he said black parents were not doing enough. In this day and age, such accusations of "Tomming" are quite frequent and I thought it would be worth a mention.--Zoso Jade 20:36, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ignorant or offended people say lots of things. That doesn't mean they merit mention in a Wikipedia article.  IMO, Cosby's right on time. deeceevoice 18:40, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Disagreeing
If I may chime in, I also feel that simply disagreeing with the majority is commonly thought of as tomming and is based on the ignorance of people who would label Cosby or Clarence Thomas as Uncle Tom's. It may be nice to mention that simply being a black conservative with strict family values does not make you an oreo. Not every African-American wants to hear 50-cent and put down Bush all day. Secondly, as a Microbiologist and skeptic of Urban Legend I conducted a little research time and effort to the ground glass myth as well. I have asked a surgeon friend who works at Harborview in Seattle and have also thought about the effects on stomach lining and intestinal tissue and it is our belief that consuming ground glass (fine enough to avoid detection) is completely harmless. The slave may have felt he or she was poisoning but it is far more likely that coincidental death due to stomach cancer etc. would have perpetuated a myth amongst the black community. It is in fact very much like eating sand and I'd invite a person with doubts to really think about the damage that fine powdered silica (inert in the human body) would have on cells in the GI tract. Because slave historians have encountered reports of its occurence does not make it a valid way of killing someone. Just my two cents, I won't edit the page. I'll leave it up to the community as it is a very SMALL but interesting point. J Shultz 02:02, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Just one minute. The majority of African-Americans are socially (not politically) conservative and continue to have strict family values.  The schism generally is among older African Americans and some youth.  And, I beg to differ.  Hell, most African-Americans get a kick out of anybody putting down Bush, any day, anytime, anywhere.  And, no.  The fact is being a black political conservative in the black community generally does -- rightly or wrongly -- make you an oreo.  You're considered a Quizling. And dat's the troof, roof. :p deeceevoice 16:43, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

While I will defend Cosby, I have to say that Clarence "Uncle" THOMmas is, indeed, a vile, depraved, self-loathing, lying Uncle Tom. :p His set of symptoms/pathology is classic; I knew he had a white wife before I knew it as fact. I'm leftist, pro-choice, feminist, black nationalist/pan-Africanist -- and I have no use for ignorant, misogynist gangsta rap, either; but those things embodied in the code phrase "family values" and white supremacy and racism amd imperialism and paternalism and the bull-crap foreign policy agenda of that arrogant, clueless half-wit in charge at 1600 Pennsylvania avenue, all of which seem to be core, mainstream American values, piss me the hell off. It's not like there's no in-between area here. Further, regardless of your conversation with the surgeon, the historic record is what it is, and it contains numerous such accounts in various credible works. Unless and until a credible historical or medical work addresses and debunks such claims, the passage should be considered as "factual" as any other and should remain. deeceevoice 05:18, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Criticism of the novel
The article states the following:

''Most blacks, however, object to Tom's passivity, willing subservience and complete lack of outrage at his enslavement, and to Stowe's paternalism in the portrayal of the loyal, patient, long-suffering Tom. They view the author's prose as patronizing, condescending, stereotypical, and emasculating. The depiction of Tom in the popular stage version of the novel also was greatly influential in popular perception of Tom as a servile, white-haired, shuffling slave who was grateful to his master.''

Is this opinion or fact? I've read the book and I don't agree with that claim that Tom is "willingly subservient" and harbors a "lack of outrage" at his enslavement. If that is the case, why would he help his niece escape, and then refuse to tell his master where she went? The reason Tom stays on the plantation is because his age and infirmity make escape unrealistic, not because he enjoys being a slave.

Anecdotally, I've known quite a few African Americans who have read the book and been pleasantly surprised at the portrayal of Tom. My understanding is that the epithet "Uncle Tom" comes not from the book itself but from various minstrel shows of the same name that distorted Tom's character into a "happy darkie."

Funnyhat 04:34, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * My understanding of the term is that it originally meant a character like Uncle Tom in the book: someone who had the opportunity for freedom and independence from white control but refused to take it. What made it derogatory wasn't that Tom was too dumb to gain his own freedom, but that Tom knew slavery was miserable and had the power to free himself, but chose wretch familiarity instead.
 * Over time the semantic content of the insult drifted to describe blacks in the white establishment who acted in the interest of themselves and their white cronies against that of other blacks, especially poor ones. The term "Uncle Tom" couldn't have been applied with this meaning originally, since for a long time there was no such thing as a black in the white establishment; rich blacks had instead a sort of parallel society until the decline of segregation in the 40s, 50s, and 60s.--96.245.223.207 (talk) 04:45, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

"The practice of covert resistance"
Can any sources be provided that support the assertion that 'Tomming' was often a practice of resistance? While I agree with User:Deeceevoice that Wikipedia has multiple systemic biases and sympathise with the aim to "set the record straight on race", I'm afraid that this section simply reads like speculation at the moment. It really does need some explicitly-referenced verifiable content. TSP 15:32, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * That section looks like a WP:NOR violation ... I've moved it further down in the article. —141.156.241.54 00:23, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Oreo etc
This article doesn't do a very good job of explaining the diff between Oreo (+ equivalent terms) and Uncle Tom. The Oreo article does so somewhat better. The kind of people these terms were used to describe are rather diff... Nil Einne 15:54, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I cleaned up the section "Other terms with the same meaning" and removed the Mounds and cocoanut references, as well as Twinkie, bananna, and apple ... that article Food metaphors for race does a sufficient job, and it was getting a little off-target ... this is a very America-centric term (not British or French), and specific to African Americans, not Asian Americans or Latino Americans. --72.75.105.165 11:37, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * As I was editing, I got interrupted in the reorganization of that section ... it seemed that Uncle Tomahawk belonged closer to the top, and it made sense to keep cocoanut after some other text was removed ... the order still does not feel quite right, but I'm starting to get sloppy, so that's all I'll do for now. I still think that Mau-Mauing thing is unique to British Colonials, but I won't take responsibility for removing it. --72.75.105.165 12:01, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Cleaned up the definition section
I took out "It is often used towards African American police officers who are accused of "selling out" through working for what is considered an oppressive white power structure criminal justice system.". It was superflous and needlessly specific. Defining the term and then explaining its most popular usage - a perjorative for blacks who side politically with seemingly anti-black views - was enough, and the police-related usage is close to original research without a cite (especially since I've never heard it used that way before). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Vandalism
This page has been vandalized, and I can't figure out how to edit out the vandalism. It is obviously a complex code. Someone please fix this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

People accused of being an Uncle Tom
This is the second time that I have reverted this list ... please read Biographies of living persons, and most of these are "poorly sourced" (and I'm not just talking about the editor's failure to use cite templates, BTW) as they are simply blogs or other editorial essays, and not Hard News, i.e., they are the opinions of the writer, not verifiable reports of the accusation, e.g., when Belafonte called Colin and Condi "White House niggers" ... even if a few of the references provided came from reliable sources, the very idea of such a list violates neutral point of view ... note that the Three-revert rule does not apply to such reverts, so please stop, or else I will have to notify an administrator of this situation. — 05:40, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 *  has restored the list again, this time without the blog citations ... but it's still a Bad Idea that violates WP:BLP, so I'm reverting it again. --72.75.85.159 03:04, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

I also agree. I found the inclusion of these derogatory references to certain political figures to be controversial, offensive, and add no relevant value to the page. --68.13.47.75 18:24, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Please stop, Please stop IM SOOOOOOO OFFENDED ..... shut up already —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.152.116.80 (talk) 19:45, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Carlton Banks
Not satisfied with being unable to make "improvements" to this article, Hoponpop69 added a wikilink for Uncle Tom to the Carlton Banks article the other day so that they could then add Carlton's photograph to this article ... OTOH, they did not do a very good job of providing a proper wikilink to the character, so I have fixed it (List of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air characters instead of Carlton Banks, which is an incomplete redirect to just the list, not the character in the list) ... if some other editor thinks that the photo does not belong, then feel free to remove it, because I (for one) really do not have time for these kinds of ego trips from editors who refuse to discuss controversial edits (see above) ... since it's about a fictional character and not a living person, I really don't care one way or the other, but if you're going to do something like this, at least do it the correct way. --Dennette 01:05, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

POV?
This line:

"It is commonly used to describe black people whose political views or allegiances are considered by their critics as detrimental to blacks as a group."

I believe is biased and uses what I think people call "weasel words" (i.e. "considered by their critics"). "Uncle Tom" is often used if a black person is simply outside the political mainstream of blacks (typically having a conservative or libertarian ideology). AbstractClass 08:49, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
 * sofixit ... OTOH, I'd check the cited source first to see if it isn't a direct quote from the author ... frankly, I can't see that much difference between "detrimental" and "outside the political mainstream" from the detractor's perspective, since the latter implies the former to them ... the key point not to lose is that it's a black-on-black term, like "You don't get to use the N-word".

 * I seem to remember that an earlier version (about a year ago) had "other blacks" instead of "their critics", but someone thought that it was not PC or something, changed it, and no one reverted it. —  13:38, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

That like is perfectly NPOV as it is. Who is it biased against? It carefully does not describe what any of those views or allegiances are, yet factually states the common current day usage. And the problem with "other blacks" instead of "their critics" is obviously (I must add in a most insulting way) a matter of accuracy - it's the simple fact that non-blacks can and do use the term.Snackmagic 03:11, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Racist Term
There should be some discussion as to whether the term itself is racist and why or why not.

I agree. In my personal opinion, it is a racial slur and an offensive one at that.--74.74.110.50 16:32, 26 May 2007 (UTC) Palanaki

Uncle Tomahawk
Winfred Blevins, in his Dictionary of the American West (various publishers and editions) cites the term "Uncle Tomahawk" as a term for an Amerindian displaying the same outlook as an Uncle Tom negro, and cites it as an extension of that original term.

TJ —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Tanyajane (talk • contribs) 00:17, 27 February 2007 (UTC).

Tanyajane 00:24, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I also wonder if we could include the term "Twinkie", which I've seen used as a derogative term for asians who act the same way (yellow on the outside, white on the inside). I can only come up with one third party usage at the moment though, in the movie Harold and Kumar go to White Castle. --Ifrit (talk) 21:46, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Deleted section
I have deleted the Notable controversial users section per WP:BLP and WP:SYN. Substantial parts of the section were unreferenced, and most of what was referenced simply documented the use of the term (in one case only allegedly). In only one instance was controversy established through multiple independent sources. One instance isn't enough to sustain an entire section, nor did it have significance beyond a brief news event. Probably deletable outright per BLP, and if not then belongs in the individual biographies rather than here. Durova Charge! 02:46, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Looks good … it was starting to get kinda off topic. :-) Happy Editing! —  18:14, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Durova Charge! 22:39, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Rewrite
The problem I have with this rewrite is that it focusses almost entirely on the literary origins of the character and says almost nothing about the actual meaning of the term in modern discourse. I think that needs to be addressed. Gatoclass (talk) 15:29, 23 April 2009 (UTC)
 * By all means expand it more. When I started it was one paragraph of content followed by a laundry list of BLP violations.  For two years people had tried to remove the BLP violations, but they kept getting reinstated and converted into WP:SYNTH violations.  That landry list took up most of the article (such as it was), so the only feasible way to move forward was to undertake a major expansion.  This is where the sources that were readily available went.  If you'd like to bring in more sources, please do.  Durova Charge! 17:53, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Changing "white Southern slaveowners" to "white slaveowners"
In the novel, Uncle Tom's master, Simon Legree, is from the North. This was an important point to Stowe: she was trying to point out that the North as well as the South bore the moral guilt for slavery, and Tom's Christianity is superior not merely to that of Southern slaveowners but also to that of Northerners who countenanced and encouraged slavery or, like Legree, actually came south to practice it themselves. Pirate Dan (talk) 14:06, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

James Weldon Johnson's opinion
HUGE problem with the line about James Weldon Johnson's opinion on the book. The quote does NOT come from Johnson's autobiography Along This Way. Rather, it comes from his fictional book The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. The book is absolutely not autobiographical in any way, and its narrator actually expresses a few views that were contrary to Johnson's own. Even the wiki page on the book, which is otherwise completely appalling, could tell you that. 192.246.233.118 (talk) 03:22, 6 November 2009 (UTC)caty
 * If that's in error the mistake was unintentional. Feel free to correct it; this is a wiki.  Durova 357 03:30, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Michael Steele
I know Michael Steele is often called an Uncle Tom, but why is he in the "see also" section. Doesnt seem very NPOV TylerRDavis (talk) 06:41, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

Intro doesn't summarize article
The intro does not summarize the article. The lede says: But that is not the major concept in the article. Instead, the article mostly discusses character(s) named "Uncle Tom". Maybe the article should be split. But the current article is poorly summarized in the intro.  Will Beback   talk    18:48, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * ''Uncle Tom is a derogatory term for a person who perceives themselves to be of low status, and is excessively subservient to perceived authority figures; ..
 * User:Lycurgus started fixing this. I did some further shuffling that I think puts the article more in-line with others on Wikipedia that would describe an element of fiction along with a resulting epithet.
 * Most of the article is about the character, with one section describing the evolution of the epithet. I edited the intro and hat statement to better represent it. Also renamed the section that explains the history of the epithet (was "Minstrel stock character"), added an explicit description of it, and moved the epithet's details down there from the intro. I also added a "main article" link here from Uncle Tom's Cabins section on the Uncle Tom character. Equazcion  ( talk )' 12:34, 26 Feb 2012 (UTC)

Mohammad Ali documentary?
Under 'notes' there are currently two references, one being 'Mohammad Ali (2009). Thrilla in Manilla (Documentary). USA: HBO.' Is this cited at all in the text? I'm just wondering how it's relevant. --Genya Avocado (talk) 05:15, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

== this whole article is whitewashed and scrubbed of racially and criminal charges against white people. heritage that they think we are too stupid to remember what our grandparents spoke of, as you researchers have done as history shows once again you are trying to change history. I JUST WANT TO KNOW WHY WHITE PEOPLE CANT LIVE IN THE TRUTH. PAST OR PRESENT. just from this bullshit either white people are still up to the same shit still teaching their kids FROM THE CRADDLE UP, to follow the racist bullshit that will get them killed this day time.. just a different year. Same evil spirit and action. this article is trying to convince young people that it was happening to everybody. '''teaching your white kids a will false narrative in this day and time will get them killed. Tell them the truth so they can live a long life. I CAN CLEARLY TELL THAT WHITE PEOPLE ARE PROUD OF THIS RACIST HISTORY FOR YHIS COUNTRY. YET YOUR ASHAMED LYING ABOUT THE CHOAS AND EVIL DISTRUCTION AND HATE THAT THE WHITE RACE HAS DONE TO WORLD.

Uncle Tom cabin
Several incidents from text that show slavery was barbaric and life threatening 103.242.199.189 (talk) 16:49, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Uncle Tom


text:
Doc Savage

Doc Savage is a fictional character of the competent man hero type, who first appeared in American pulp magazines during the 1930s and 1940s. Real name Clark Savage Jr., he is a polymathic scientist, explorer, detective, and warrior who "rights wrongs and punishes evildoers." He was created by publisher Henry W. Ralston and editor John L. Nanovic at Street & Smith Publications, with additional material contributed by the series' main writer, Lester Dent. Doc Savage stories were published under the Kenneth Robeson name. The illustrations were by Walter Baumhofer, Paul Orban, Emery Clarke, Modest Stein, and Robert G. Harris.

The heroic-adventure character would go on to appear in other media, including radio, film, and comic books, with his adventures reprinted for modern-day audiences in a series of paperback books, which had sold over 20 million copies by 1979. Into the 21st century, Doc Savage has remained a nostalgic icon in the U.S., referenced in novels and popular culture. Longtime Marvel Comics editor Stan Lee credited Doc Savage as being the forerunner to modern superheroes.

Publication history
Doc Savage Magazine was printed by Street & Smith from March 1933 to the summer of 1949 to capitalize on the success of The Shadow magazine and followed by the original Avenger in September 1939. In all, 181 issues were published in various entries and alternative titles.

Doc Savage became known to more contemporary readers when Bantam Books began reprinting the individual magazine novels in 1964, this time with covers by artist James Bama that featured a bronze-haired, bronze-skinned Doc Savage with an exaggerated widows' peak, usually wearing a torn khaki shirt and under the by-line "Kenneth Robeson". The stories were not reprinted in chronological order as originally published, though they did begin with the first adventure, The Man of Bronze. By 1967, Bantam was publishing once a month until 1990, when all 181 original stories (plus an unpublished novel, The Red Spider) had run their course. Author Will Murray produced seven more Doc Savage novels for Bantam Books from Lester Dent's original outlines. Bantam also published a novel by Philip José Farmer, Escape From Loki (1991), which told the story of how in World War I Doc met the men who would become his five comrades.

Clark Savage Jr. first appeared in March 1933 in the first issue of Doc Savage Magazine. Because of the success of the Shadow, who had his own pulp magazine, the publishers Street & Smith quickly launched this pulp title. Unlike the Shadow, Clark Savage, "Doc" to his friends, had no special powers but was raised from birth by his father and other scientists to become one of the most perfect human beings in terms of strength, intelligence, and physical abilities.

Doc Savage set up base on the 86th floor of a world-famous New York skyscraper (implied, but never outright stated, as the Empire State Building; Phillip Jose Farmer, in his Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life, gives good evidence that this is likely the case). Doc Savage fights against evil with the assistance of the "Fabulous Five".

Comics, films, pulp magazines
Doc Savage has appeared in comics and a movie, on radio, and as a character in numerous other works, and continues to inspire authors and artists in the realm of fantastic adventure.

Doc Savage Magazine was created by Street & Smith Publications executive Henry Ralston and editor John Nanovic to capitalize on the success of Street and Smith's pulp character, The Shadow. Ralston and Nanovic wrote a short premise establishing the broad outlines of the character they envisioned, but Doc Savage was only fully realized by the author chosen to write the series, Lester Dent. Dent wrote most of the 181 original novels, hidden behind the "house name" of Kenneth Robeson. (See List of Doc Savage novels for a complete list of the titles in the original pulp magazine series.) One Lester Dent biographer hypothesizes that one inspiration for Doc Savage may have been the American military officer and author Richard Henry Savage, who wrote more than 40 books of adventure and mystery stories and lived a dashing and daring life.

The character first appeared on screen in a 1975 film, Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze.

It was announced on May 30, 2016, that Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson will be playing Clark "Doc" Savage, being billed as the "World's First Superhero", and the film will be directed by Shane Black with a script written by Anthony Bagarozzi and Chuck Mondry. In 2020, the concept was changed from a film to a television show.

Fictional character biography
A team of scientists assembled by his father deliberately trained his mind and body to near-superhuman abilities almost from birth, giving him great strength and endurance, a photographic memory, a mastery of the martial arts, and vast knowledge of the sciences. Doc is also a master of disguise and an excellent imitator of voices. He is a physician, scientist, adventurer, detective, inventor, explorer, researcher, and, as revealed in The Polar Treasure, a musician. Dent described the hero as a mix of Sherlock Holmes' deductive abilities, Tarzan's outstanding physical abilities, Craig Kennedy's scientific education, and Abraham Lincoln's goodness. He also described Doc Savage as manifesting "Christliness." Doc's character and world-view is displayed in his oath, which goes as follows:

Let me strive every moment of my life to make myself better and better, to the best of my ability, that all may profit by it. Let me think of the right and lend all my assistance to those who need it, with no regard for anything but justice. Let me take what comes with a smile, without loss of courage. Let me be considerate of my country, of my fellow citizens and my associates in everything I say and do. Let me do right to all, and wrong no man.

By the third story, Doc already has a reputation as a "superman".

Doc Savage's aides
Savage is accompanied on his adventures by up to five other regular characters (referred to in the 1975 movie and in marketing materials from the Bantam Books republication as "The Fabulous Five"), all highly accomplished individuals in their own right.

 * Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Blodgett "Monk" Mayfair, an industrial chemist. Monk got his nickname from his simian build, notably his long arms, and his covering of red hair. He is in a constant state of "friendly feuding" with "Ham" Brooks. This began when his friend taught him some French words to say to an officer and Monk repeated them, not knowing they were a string of insults. The result was a lengthy stay in the guardhouse.
 * Brigadier General Theodore Marley "Ham" Brooks, an accomplished attorney. Ham is considered one of the best-dressed men in the world, and as part of his attire, carries a sword cane whose blade is dipped in a fast-acting anesthetic. His nickname was acquired when Monk, in retaliation for his guardhouse incarceration, framed Brooks on a charge of stealing hams from the commissary. In the only case which Ham ever lost, he was convicted of stealing the hams.
 * Colonel John "Renny" Renwick, a construction engineer. Renny is a giant of a man, with "fists like buckets of gristle and bone." His favorite pastime is knocking the panels out of heavy wooden doors. He always wears a look of depression, which deepens the happier he grows. His favorite—and frequently used—expression, is "Holy Cow!"
 * Major Thomas J. "Long Tom" Roberts, an electrical engineer. "Long Tom" got his nickname from using an antiquated cannon of that nickname in the successful defense of a French village in World War I. Long Tom was a sickly-looking character but fought like a wildcat.
 * William Harper "Johnny" Littlejohn, an archaeologist and geologist. Johnny has an impressive vocabulary, never using a small word when a big one could suffice. ("I'll be superamalgamated!" is a favorite expression.) Johnny wore eyeglasses with a magnifying lens over his left eye in early adventures—that eye having been damaged in World War I. Doc later performed corrective surgery that restored Johnny's sight in that eye, but Johnny retained the magnifier as a monocle for use both as a magnifying glass and as a memento.

In later stories, Doc's companions become less important to the plot as the stories focus more on Doc. The "missing" characters are explained as working elsewhere, too busy with their own accomplishments to help. Toward the end of the series, usually only Monk and Ham appear with Doc.

Doc's cousin Patricia "Pat" Savage, who has Doc's bronze skin, golden eyes, and bronze hair, also is along for many of the adventures, despite Doc's best efforts to keep her away from danger. Pat chafes under these restrictions, or indeed any effort to protect her simply because she is female. She is also able to fluster Doc, even as she completely charms Monk and Ham.

The 86th Floor
Doc's office is on the 86th floor of a New York City skyscraper, implicitly the Empire State Building, reached by Doc's private high-speed elevator. Doc owns a fleet of cars, trucks, aircraft, and boats which he stores at a secret hangar on the Hudson River, under the name The Hidalgo Trading Company, which is linked to his office by a pneumatic-tube system nicknamed the "flea run". He sometimes retreats to his Fortress of Solitude in the Arctic, which pre-dates Superman's similar hideout of the same name. The entire operation is funded with gold from a Central American mine given to him by the local descendants of the Maya people in the first Doc Savage story. (Doc and his assistants learned the little-known Mayan language of this people at the same time, allowing them to communicate privately when others might be listening.)

Technology
Lester Dent kept current with the scientific developments of his era. While some of Doc's gadgets were simply science fiction many of his 'futuristic' devices were actual inventions, or ideas engineers were attempting to produce. Futuristic devices described in the series include the flying wing, the answering machine, television, automatic transmission, night vision goggles, electromagnetic rail guns, and a hand-held automatic weapon, known variously as the machine pistol, the supermachine pistol, or the rapid-firer. A wide range of ammunition types were used for the machine pistols, including incendiary bullets that smash on contact, coating the target with a high-temperature paste-fed fire, high explosive bullets able to uproot trees, ordinary lead bullets, and the sleep-inducing "mercy bullets". Doc also developed an automated typewriter.

Villains
Doc's greatest foe, and the only enemy to appear in two of the original pulp stories, was the Russian-born John Sunlight, introduced in October 1938 in the Fortress of Solitude. Early villains in the "super-sagas" were fantastic schemers bent on ruling the world. Later, the magazine was retitled Doc Savage, Science Detective, and Doc dealt with more conventional criminal organizations. The super-saga was revived in 1948 by new editor Daisy Bacon shortly before the final cancellation of the magazine. In a September 20, 1948, letter to Lester Dent, Bacon wrote "As long as we are dropping the science detective and returning to just Doc Savage, I think we should return to a real adventure story..."

A key characteristic of the Doc Savage stories is that the threats, no matter how fantastic, usually have a rational explanation. For example, a giant mountain-walking spider is revealed as a blimp, a scorching death comes from super-charged electric batteries, a "sea angel" is a mechanical construct towed by a submarine, Navy ships sunk by a mysterious force are actually sabotaged, and so on. But Doc Savage also battles invisible killers, a murderous teleporter, and superscientific foes from the center of the Earth.

In earlier stories, some of the criminals captured by Doc receive "a delicate brain operation" to cure their criminal tendencies. These criminals return to society, unaware of their past, to lead productive lives. The operation is mentioned in Truman Capote's novel In Cold Blood, as an older Kansan recalls Doc's "fixing" of the criminals he had caught.

Lester Dent
Lester Dent, the series' principal author, had a mixed regard for his own creations. Though usually protective of his own work, he could be derisive of his pulp output. In interviews, he stated that he harbored no illusions of being a high-quality author of literature; for him, the Doc Savage series was simply a job, a way to earn a living by "churning out reams and reams of sellable crap", never dreaming how his series would catch on. Comics historian Jim Steranko revealed that Dent used a formula to write his Doc Savage stories, so that his heroes were continually, and methodically, getting in and out of trouble. Dent was initially paid $500 per story and this was later increased to $750 during the Great Depression, enabling him to buy a yacht and vacation in the Caribbean.

Novels
All of the original stories were reprinted in paperback form by Bantam Books in the 1960s through 1990s. Of the first 67 paperback covers, 62 were painted in extraordinary monochromatic tones and super-realistic detail by James Bama, whose updated vision of Doc Savage with the exaggerated widow's peak captured, at least symbolically, the essence of the Doc Savage novels. The first 96 paperbacks reprinted one of the original novels per book. Actor and model Steve Holland, who had played Flash Gordon in a 1953 television series, was the model for Doc on all the covers. The next 15 paperbacks (consisting of stories 97 through 126 in the Bantam reissue series) were "doubles", reprinting two novels each (these were actually shorter novellas written during paper shortages of World War II). The last of the original novels were reprinted in a numbered series of 13 "omnibus" volumes of four to five stories each. It was one of the few pulp series to be completely reprinted in paperback form.

The Red Spider was a Doc Savage novel written by Dent in April 1948, about the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The story was killed in 1948 by new editor Daisy Bacon, though previous editor William de Grouchy had commissioned it. It was forgotten until 1975, when Doc Savage scholar Will Murray found hints of its existence in the Street & Smith archives. After a two-year search, the carbon manuscript was located among Dent's papers. It finally saw print in July 1979 as Number 95 in Bantam's Doc Savage series.

When the original pulp stories were exhausted, Bantam Books hired Philip José Farmer to pen the tale of how Doc and his men met in World War I. Escape from Loki was published in 1991. It was followed by seven traditional Doc Savage stories written by novelist Will Murray, working from unpublished Lester Dent outlines, beginning with Python Isle. Philip José Farmer had earlier written the book Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life in 1973, which described the characters and the stories on the entertaining premise that Doc actually existed and the novels chronicled his exploits in "fictionized" form.

In 2011, Altus Press revived the series with another Murray-Dent posthumous collaboration, The Desert Demons. Nine new novels are planned for the new series The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage. In 2011, Doc Savage: Horror in Gold was published. In 2012, Altus Press published Doc Savage: Death's Dark Domain, Doc Savage: The Forgotten Realm, Doc Savage: The Infernal Buddha and Doc Savage: The Desert Demons. Doc Savage: Skull Island, a crossover with King Kong, was released in 2013. Murray teamed Doc up with another Street & Smith pulp-era hero, The Shadow, in Doc Savage: The Sinister Shadow (2015) and Doc Savage: Empire of Doom (2016).

Sanctum Books, in association with Nostalgia Ventures, began a new series of Doc reprints (starting November 2006), featuring two novels per book, in magazine-sized paperbacks. Several editions came with a choice of the original pulp cover or the covers from the Bantam paperbacks, and most include the original interior artwork, as well as new essays and reprints of other old material. In late 2008, Nostalgia Ventures ended their relationship, and Sanctum Books continues with the reprints on their own.

Radio
Two Doc Savage radio series were broadcast during the pulp era. The first, in 1934, was a 15-minute serial which ran for 26 episodes. The 1943 series was based not on the pulps, but on the comic book version of the character. No audio exists from either series, although some scripts survived. In 1985, National Public Radio aired The Adventures of Doc Savage, as 13 half-hour episodes, based on the pulps and adapted by Will Murray and Roger Rittner. Daniel Chodos starred as Doc.

Golden Age
Street & Smith Comics published comic book stories of Doc both in The Shadow comic and his own title. These started with Shadow Comics #1–3 (1940). In May 1940, the character moved to his own book, Doc Savage Comics. Originally, these stories were based on the pulp version, but with Doc Savage Comics #5 (1941), he was turned into a genuine superhero when he crashed in Tibet and was given a blue hood with a sacred ruby in the forehead that deflected bullets and hypnotized anyone who gazed into its mystical red light. These stories had a Doc (now known as "The Invincible") who bore little resemblance to the character in the pulps. This lasted through the end of Doc Savage Comics in 1943 after 20 issues, and briefly with his return to Shadow Comics in vol. 3, #10 (Jan. 1944). He would last until the final issue, vol. 9, #5 (1948), though did not appear in every one. He also appeared in Supersnipe Comics #9 (June 1943).

Modern Age
Post-Golden Age, there have been several Doc Savage comic books:
 * Gold Key Comics—A 1966, one-issue adaptation of The Thousand-Headed Man to tie into the planned movie starring Chuck Connors. Doc resembles Connors on the cover.
 * Marvel Comics—In 1972, eight standard color comics with four adaptations of books—The Man of Bronze, Brand of the Werewolf, Death in Silver, and The Monsters—and one giant-size issue of reprints that was promoted as a movie issue. In May 2010, DC Comics reprinted the eight-issue series as a trade paperback. In 1975, the Marvel imprint Curtis Magazines released eight black-and-white magazines as a movie tie-in. These were also collected by DC Comics and reprinted in July 2011 as a trade paperback. All are original stories by Doug Moench, John Buscema, and Tony DeZuniga. The character also teamed up with the Thing in Marvel Two-in-One #21, an important issue that would form the basis of later significant stories like "The Project Pegasus Saga" and "Squadron Supreme: Death of a Universe", and Spider-Man in Giant-Size Spider-Man #3.
 * DC Comics—A 1987–1990 four-issue miniseries tryout, then 24 issues and one Annual, mostly written by Mike W. Barr. Original adventures, including a reunion with Doc's Mayan sweetheart/wife Monya and John Sunlight, adventures with Doc's grandson "Chip" Savage, and backstory on Doc's parents and youth. Included a four-issue crossover with DC's then-current run of The Shadow called The Shadow Strikes!. In 2009, DC would publish a special one-shot Doc Savage crossover with Batman written by Brian Azzarello with art by Phil Noto and a cover by J. G. Jones. Other characters involved included the Black Canary, the Avenger, Rima the Jungle Girl, the Spirit, and Doc Savage's group the Fabulous Five. It is a prologue to First Wave, a six-issue miniseries with art by Rags Morales. The First Wave line was then expanded to include a Doc Savage ongoing series written by Paul Malmont, with art by Howard Porter. Malmont only wrote the first four issues, with other authors writing the rest of the series. It ran for 18 issues, with the final issue released only in digital format.
 * Millennium Publications published several miniseries and one-shots, including Doc Savage: The Monarch of Armageddon, a four-part miniseries, from 1991 to 1992. Written by Mark Ellis and penciled by Darryl Banks, the treatment "come[s] closest to the original, capturing all the action, humanity, and humor of the original novels". Other miniseries were Doom Dynasty and Devil's Thoughts, the one-shots Pat Savage: Woman of Bronze and Manual of Bronze, and an unfinished two-part adaptation of Repel.
 * Dark Horse Comics—In 1995, Dark Horse Comics published two miniseries: a two-issue miniseries The Shadow and Doc Savage: The Case of the Shrieking Skeletons and four-issue miniseries Doc Savage: Curse of the Fire God.
 * In December 2013, Dynamite Entertainment began publishing the title Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze, written by Chris Roberson, with art by Bilquis Evely and covers by Alex Ross.

Film
With the Bantam Books reprints a success, media tie-ins for Doc Savage began immediately. A 1965 house ad for a poster, "The Arch-Enemy of Evil", announces, "Tougher than Tarzan, braver than Bond, Doc is America's newest rage - with teenagers, college students, and the 'in' groups all over the country. And there's a television series and feature motion picture in the future."

The Thousand-Headed Man
In 1967, a TV Guide article reported talks were underway to have Chuck Connors play Doc Savage in a movie adaptation of The Thousand-Headed Man. Complications with rights killed the project.

Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze
In 1975, producer and director George Pal produced the movie Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze, starring Ron Ely as Doc Savage. The movie was a critical failure and did poorly at the box office. Several articles and a later interview with Pal suggest the movie's failure had much to do with its loss of funding during filming when the studio changed heads and Pal was forced to cut costs. Nevertheless, Pal, as producer, is generally blamed for using the "high camp" approach in the style of the Batman television series. An original soundtrack for the film was also commissioned, but when Pal lost his funding, he resorted to a patriotic march from John Philip Sousa, which was in the public domain. Science-fiction writer Philip José Farmer tried to get another movie made (there is a notation at the end of the original film that a sequel adapted from the novel Death in Silver featuring the infamous Silver Death's-Heads was in the works, but nothing came of it, despite the drafting of a script for it).

Doc Savage: The Arch Enemy of Evil
According to the screenplay by Joe Morhaim that was posted on the Internet, as well as other archival and news accounts, Doc Savage: The Arch Enemy of Evil was based very loosely on the October 1934 pulp novel Death in Silver. Doc Savage: The Arch Enemy of Evil would feature a deformed, German-speaking supervillain, whose pet man-eating octopus was a nod to a similar plot element in the September 1937 pulp novel The Feathered Octopus.

In fact, this screenplay was originally intended to be filmed as the first Doc Savage movie. However, producer George Pal commissioned a second script based on the first Doc Savage pulp novel, The Man of Bronze, because he felt the movie-going audience needed more background information about Doc and his origin.

Contemporary news accounts indicated that Doc Savage: The Arch Enemy of Evil had been filmed in the Lake Tahoe area simultaneously with the principal photography for the first Doc Savage film. However, due to the poor reception of the first film, Doc Savage: The Arch Enemy of Evil was never completed or released. In an interview conducted in 2014, while he was filming the television movie Expecting Amish, actor Ron Ely stated unequivocally that "no portion of The Arch Enemy of Evil was ever filmed, concurrently with The Man of Bronze or otherwise. That's a total myth."

Finally, in anticipation of a proposed Doc Savage TV series, George Pal commissioned a two-part teleplay by Alvin Sapinsley based on the May 1935 pulp novel The Secret in the Sky. The teleplay was completed in January 1975, but due to the poor reception of the first Doc Savage film, a pilot was never filmed.

Other film adaptations
Another screenplay was written by Philip José Farmer based on the January 1936 pulp novel Murder Mirage. It included a potential Wold Newton Universe cross-over involving a meeting between Doc Savage and a retired Sherlock Holmes in 1936. In any case, this screenplay was never filmed. In 1966, the basic premise of Doc Savage's origin was an obvious influence on the Mexican lucha libre film character Mil Mascaras (1966), which was released at the height of the popularity of the Doc Savage paperback book series in the U.S.

In 1999, there was an announcement that a possible remake featuring Arnold Schwarzenegger was in the works, with the involvement of Frank Darabont and Chuck Russell, but it and several other Schwarzenegger projects (Sgt. Rock and an epic about the Crusades) were shelved when Schwarzenegger ran for and was elected Governor of California.

In late 2006, Sam Raimi was rumoured to be making a film involving several Street and Smith pulp heroes, including The Shadow, The Avenger, and Doc Savage. A screenplay was supposedly written by Siavash Farahani but since then, no other news surfaced with regards to this script.

Original Film projects
Writer/director Shane Black was set to direct a film adaptation for Original Film and Sony Pictures. Black would also co-write the screenplay with Anthony Bagarozzi and Chuck Mondry. The film version will be set in the 1930s and will include the Fabulous Five. Neal H. Moritz will produce. In September 2013, talking about the difficulty in casting the character, Black commented, "He's the perfect physical specimen, people look at him and they are over-awed by the symmetry and perfection he exudes." In June 2014, it was revealed that he wanted Chris Hemsworth for the lead role but Hemsworth was never officially announced or attached to the project.

On May 22, 2016, Black told Thrillist that he would like to make the movie with Dwayne Johnson, stating, "I made a decision that Dwayne is the guy. I would like to do Doc with Dwayne Johnson if we can make that work. It's on the back burner while he's busy." On May 30, 2016, Johnson confirmed on his Instagram account that he will be starring as Savage in the film, also hinting that the character is being dubbed the "World's First Superhero", mentioning that Savage's published appearance pre-dated that of Superman's (who debuted in 1938). Johnson also included the hashtag "#World'sFirstSuperhero". On April 11, 2018, Johnson said he and Black were still eager to do the project, but, "That project had a few issues, not creative issues but more so business affairs issues—where the project once was, who had rights to it, where we were trying to move it to. There was a lot of that, which we're still kind of working through."

On February 19, 2020, it was announced Original Film would, instead, shift development to a television series. The project is a co-production with Sony Pictures Television and Condé Nast Entertainment.

title: Doc Savage


text:
Talk:Sputnik 1

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 25 January 2021 and 7 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Hunterafortune.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:05, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Citation style
I find the current citation style really hard to work with; would you be amenable to changing it to either sfn, harvnb, or similar? I think sfn is the simplest of those types personally, but I am sure not all agree.  Kees08  (Talk)   07:52, 14 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Choose which ever you like. --- Coffee  and crumbs  09:34, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

Harvard designator
I think there's room in this article to explain objects 1957 Alpha 1, 1957 Alpha 2, and 1957 Alpha 3, and why they were named that, since it was the first designation for an artificial satellite. Sources:

 * Comments on Satellites
 * NYT

Plan to incorporate them later, but if anyone beats me to it feel free. I made a similar edit to International Designator just now which has some explanation.  Kees08  (Talk)   07:09, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Propaganda
I made a |change, and this change has a copy/paste mistake. But in the second part of this change, I believe, it was constructive change. My change was reverted (and I agree, because of copy/paste mistake). In order to avoid WP:EW I am not tried to implement my changes again (in their right part). Let's discuss here. I'll send a message in your page. What do you think about my change overall (not in the part of copy/paste mistake)? SHaggY caT (talk) 02:52, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

I suggest to add:

Sputnik-V - Russian vaccine against covid-19, which is named after the fist mankind's satellite in the LEO in order to improve efficiency of the modern Russia's propaganda. Russian propaganda claimed that Sputnik-V is the first vaccine against Covid, like Sputnik satellite was the first artificial satellite in the LEO.

SHaggY caT (talk) 17:13, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

 * The new vaccine name Sputnick V is clearly intended to remind people of Sputnick 1, but how important is this vaccine to the actual topic of Sputnick 1? To me, it looks peripheral. It doesn't change how people think of Sputnick 1. Binksternet (talk) 18:00, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

Name transcription
What is the source for [ˈspʌtnɪk] transcription? [ˈspʊtnɪk] is how it sounds in its origin language. Should the other one be removed, or is it commonly used and therefore included? Eerienempty (talk) 21:05, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sputnik 1


text:
Bharat Mata

Bharat Mata (, Mother India in English) is a national personification of India (Bharat ) as a mother goddess. Bharat Mata is commonly depicted dressed in a red or saffron-coloured sari and holding a national flag; she sometimes stands on a lotus and is accompanied by a lion.

The word Bharat Mata dates to late 19th century Bengal in modern literature. She was popularised by the Bengali language-novel Anandamath (1882), wherein she was depicted in a form inseparable from the Hindu goddesses Durga and Kali. After the controversial division of Bengal province in 1905, she was highlighted during the boycott of British-made goods organized by Sir Surendranath Bannerjee. In numerous protest meetings, she was invoked in the rallying cry Vande Mataram (I bow to the mother).

Bharat Mata was painted as a four-armed goddess by Abanindranath Tagore in 1904, in the style associated with the Bengal School of Art, in a form derived from typical depictions of Hindu goddesses. This painting is displayed in the Victoria Memorial Museum in Kolkata. By the late 19th century, maps of India produced by the British Raj, and based on the Great Trigonometrical Survey, had become widely available. Over the background of a map, Bharat Mata was depicted on the cover of the poet Subramania Bharati's Tamil language-magazine Vijaya in 1909. In the decades following, she appeared throughout India in popular art: in magazines, posters, and calendars, becoming a symbol of Indian nationalism.

There are a handful of Bharat Mata temples in India. The first was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in Varanasi in 1936. The temple has a large marble relief map of India on its floor, but originally lacked a murti (divine image used for worship). On its wall is displayed a poem written for the inauguration by the nationalist Hindi language-poet Maithili Sharan Gupt; it proclaims the temple to be open to all castes and religions. Most visitors to the temple are foreign tourists. Indian Muslims have opposed the chanting of her name, because in Islam, the divine cannot be worshipped in human form.

History

The image of Bharat Mata formed with the Indian independence movement of the late 19th century. A play by Kiran Chandra Banerjee, Bharat Mata, was first performed in 1873. The play, set during the 1770 Bengal famine, depicts a woman and her husband who go to the forest and encounter rebels. A priest takes them to a temple where they are shown Bharat Mata. Thus they are inspired and lead a rebellion which results in the defeat of the British. The Manushi magazine story traces origin to a satirical work Unabimsa Purana or The Nineteenth Purana by Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay which was first published anonymously in 1866. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1882 wrote a novel Anandamath and introduced the hymn "Vande Mātaram", which soon became the song of the emerging freedom movement in India. As the British Raj created cartographic shape of India through the Geological Survey of India, the Indian nationalist developed it into an icon of nationalism.

In the 1920s, it became a more political image, sometimes including images of Mahatma Gandhi and Bhagat Singh. The Tiranga flag was also started being included during this period. In 1930s, the image entered in religious practice. The Bharat Mata temple was built in Varanasi in 1936 by Shiv Prashad Gupt and was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi. This temple does not have any statuary but only a marble relief of the map of India. Bipin Chandra Pal elaborated its meaning in idealizing and idealist terms, along with Hindu philosophical traditions and devotional practices. It represented an archaic spiritual essence, a transcendental idea of Universe as well as expressing Universal Hinduism and nationhood.

Abanindranath Tagore portrayed Bharat Mata as a four-armed Hindu goddess wearing saffron-colored robes, holding the manuscripts, sheaves of rice, a mala, and a white cloth. The image of Bharatmata was an icon to create nationalist feeling in Indians during the freedom struggle. Sister Nivedita, an admirer of the painting, opined that the picture was refined and imaginative, with Bharatmata standing on green earth and blue sky behind her; feet with four lotuses, four arms meaning divine power; white halo and sincere eyes; and gifts Shiksha-Diksha-Anna-Bastra of the motherland to her children.

Indian Independence activist Subramania Bharati saw Bharat Mata as the land of Ganga. He identified Bharat Mata as Mahadevi. He also says that he has got the Darśana of Bharat Mata during his visit with his guru Sister Nivedita.

Significance

In the book Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India, Kalyani Devaki Menon argues that "the vision of India as Bharat Mata has profound implications for the politics of Hindu nationalism" and that the depiction of India as a Hindu goddess implies that it is not just the patriotic but also the religious duty of all Hindus to participate in the nationalist struggle to defend the nation. This association has caused controversy with devout Muslims, whose belief in the oneness of God keeps them from assigning divinity to any god other than Allah.

The motto Bharat Mata ki Jai ("Victory for Mother India") is used by the Indian Army. In contemporary colloquial usage, however, the expression is analogous to "Long live Mother India" or "Salute to Mother India." (See also Jai Hind.) Muslim-majority Indonesia's several dozen national armed units also use Hindu-origin Sanskrit language mottoes, including the National Armed Forces, Army, Navy, for example the Indonesian Air Force's motto Swabhuana Paksa ("Wings of The Motherland") and the Indonesian National Police's motto Rastra Sewakottama ("Nation's main servants").

Varanasi
The Bharat Mata Temple is located in the Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth campus in Varanasi. The temple houses a marble idol of Bharat Mata along with a marble relief map of India.

The Temple, a gift from the nationalists Shiv Prasad Gupta and Durga Prasad Khatri, was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1936. Mahatma Gandhi said, "I hope this temple, which will serve as a cosmopolitan platform for people of all religions, castes, and creeds including Harijans, will go a great way in promoting religious unity, peace, and love in the country."

Haridwar
The temple was founded by Swami Satyamitranand on the banks of the Ganges in Haridwar. It has 8 storeys and is 180 feet tall. It was inaugurated by Indira Gandhi in 1983. Floors are dedicated to mythological legends, religious deities, freedom fighters and leaders.

Kolkata
The temple is located in Michael Nagar on Jessore Road, barely 2 km away from the Kolkata Airport. Here, Bharat Mata is portrayed through the image of "Jagattarini Durga". This was inaugurated on October 19, 2015 (Mahashashti Day of Durga Puja that year) by Keshari Nath Tripathi, the Governor of West Bengal. The initiative to build the temple, which has been named Jatiya Shaktipeeth, was taken by the Spiritual Society of India in order to mark the 140th anniversary of "Vande Mataram".

Kurukshetra
In July 2019, the Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar, granted 5 acre land near Mahabharta-era Jyotisar tirth to the "Bharat Mata Trust" of "Juna Akhara" to construct the next temple of Bharat Mata.

title: Bharat Mata


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Bharati

Bharati or Bharathi may refer to:

Hinduism

 * Bharati, an epithet of the Hindu goddess of knowledge and music Saraswati
 * Bharati, consort of Hindu wind god, Vayu

Given name

 * Bharathi (Tamil actress) (born 1987), Indian film actress
 * Bharathi Vishnuvardhan (born 1950), Indian actress who has performed in Tamil and Kannada languages
 * Bharathiraja (born 1941), South Indian filmmaker
 * Bharati Braille, a family of braille alphabets used in South Asia

Surname

 * Agehananda Bharati (1923–1991), Austrian academic and Hindu monk
 * Gopalakrishna Bharati (1811–1896), Tamil poet and composer
 * Subramania Bharati (1882–1921), Indian Nationalist poet and revolutionary, also referred to as Bharathi

Other uses

 * Bharathi (1948 film), an Indian Kannada film
 * Barati (1954 film), 1954 Indian Hindi film
 * Bharathi (2000 film), a 2000 Indian Tamil-language film starring Sayaji Shinde and Devayani
 * Bharati (2006 film), a 2006 Indian Telugu children's film
 * Bharati (research station), Indian research station in Antarctica
 * Bharati script, a constructed script proposed as a common script for Indian languages

title: Bharati


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User:Obik

OBIK
Obik is a slightly insane fan of rock music.

Obik has been known to refer to himself in third person and make sweeping proclaimations that have very little relation to, well, anything.

Obik maintains two very large websites, the first, the Dementlieu Punk Archive, being dedicated to punk rock. Period. The second is his insanely complete Big Black page. A further webpage, devoted to the Ruts, is in the works.

Sometimes people think he has problems. But don't worry, he hardly ever hurts people nowadays.

Obik will no doubt replace this craptastic little bio with something a bit more substantial--including his list of things to do in the Wikipedia. Until then, suck on it.

title: User:Obik


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Eldar

Eldar is a common masculine given name found in the Azerbaijani and Bosnian languages. It may refer to:

People

 * Eldar Abdulayev (born 1985), Kazakhstani ice hockey forward
 * Eldar Assanov (born 1974), Ukrainian freestyle wrestler
 * Eldar Ćivić (born 1996), Bosnian footballer
 * Eldar Djangirov (born 1987), American jazz pianist
 * Eldar Efendijev (born 1954), Estonian-Azerbaijani politician
 * Eldar Gasanov (born 1982), Ukrainian chess grandmaster
 * Eldar Gasimov (born 1989), Azerbaijani singer
 * Eldar Getokov (born 1986), Russian footballer
 * Eldar Guliyev (born 1951), Azerbaijani politician
 * Eldar Quliyev (1941–2021), Azerbaijani film director
 * Eldar Hansen (born 1941), Norwegian footballer
 * Eldar Hasanović (born 1990), Bosnian footballer
 * Eldar Hasanov (born 1955), Azerbaijani politician
 * Eldar Kuliev (1951–2017), Soviet film director
 * Eldar Kurtanidze (born 1972), Georgian wrestler and political activist
 * Eldar Mahmudov (born 1956), Azerbaijani politician
 * Eldar Mamayev (born 1985), Russian footballer
 * Eldar R. Mamedov (born 1990), Russian footballer
 * Eldar Mammadov (born 1968), Azerbaijani military figure
 * Eldar Mansurov (born 1952), Azerbaijani musician and composer
 * Eldar Memišević (born 1992), Bosnian-born Qatari handball player
 * Eldar Mikayilzade (born 1956), Azerbaijani designer and visual artist; known for carpet design
 * Eldar Namazov (born 1956), Azerbaijani politician
 * Eldar Nebolsin (born 1974), Uzbekistani pianist
 * Eldar Nizamutdinov (born 1981), Russian footballer
 * Eldar Quliyev (1941–2021), Soviet Azerbaijani film director
 * Eldar Rønning (born 1982), Norwegian cross-country skier
 * Eldar Ryazanov (1927–2015), Soviet Russian film director
 * Eldar Sætre (born 1956), Norwegian businessman
 * Eldar Sattarov (born 1973), Kazakhstani writer
 * Eldar Shengelaia (born 1933), Soviet Georgian film director and screenwriter
 * Eldar Vågan (born 1960), Norwegian musician and Illustrator

Fiction

 * A division of the Elves in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium; see
 * Aeldari (Warhammer 40,000), a race of elf-like aliens in the Warhammer 40,000 fictional universe, formerly known as Eldar.
 * A race of ancient elves in The Riftwar Cycle by Raymond Feist
 * A planet in the video game Star Ocean: The Last Hope

Other

 * Pinus brutia, a species of pine called the Eldar or Turkish Pine
 * Eldar Pine State Reserve, in Azerbaijan

title: Eldar