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Master System

The Master System (マスターシステム) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console manufactured and developed by Sega. It was originally a remodeled export version of the Sega Mark III, the third iteration of the SG-1000 series of consoles, which was released in Japan in 1985 with graphical capabilities improved over its predecessors. The Master System launched in North America in 1986, followed by Europe in 1987, and then in Brazil and Korea in 1989. A Japanese version of the Master System was also launched in 1987, which features a few enhancements over the export models (and by proxy the original Mark III): a built-in FM audio chip, a rapid-fire switch, and a dedicated port for the 3D glasses. The Master System II, a cheaper model, was released in 1990 in North America, Australasia and Europe.

The original Master System models use both cartridges and a credit card-sized format known as Sega Cards. Accessories include a light gun and 3D glasses that work with specially designed games. The later Master System II redesign removed the card slot, turning it into a strictly cartridge-only system, and is incompatible with the 3D glasses.

The Master System was released in competition with the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Its library is smaller and with fewer well-reviewed games than the NES, due in part to Nintendo licensing policies requiring platform exclusivity. Though the Master System had newer, improved hardware, it failed to overturn Nintendo's significant market share advantage in Japan and North America. However, it attained significantly greater success in other markets, including Europe, Brazil, South Korea and Australia.

The Master System is estimated to have sold between 10-13 million units worldwide. In addition, Tectoy has sold 8 million licensed Master System variants in Brazil. Retrospective criticism has recognized its role in the development of the Sega Genesis, and a number of well-received games, particularly in PAL (including PAL-M) regions, but is critical of its limited library in the NTSC regions, which were dominated by the NES.

Mark III
On July 15, 1983, Sega released its first video game console, the SG-1000, in Japan. The launch coincided with the same day its competitor Nintendo launched the Famicom. In 1984, parent company Gulf and Western Industries divested its non-core businesses including Sega, and Sega president Hayao Nakayama was installed as CEO. Sega released another console, the SG-1000 II, featuring several hardware alterations, including detachable controllers. Nakayama and Sega co-founder David Rosen arranged a management buyout with financial backing from CSK Corporation and installed CSK CEO Isao Okawa as chairman.

Hoping to better compete with Nintendo, Sega released another console, the Sega Mark III, in Japan in 1985. The Mark III was a redesigned version of the SG-1000. It was engineered by the same team, including Hideki Sato and Masami Ishikawa, who had worked on the II and later led development of the Sega Genesis. According to Sato, the console was redesigned because of the limitations of the TMS9918 graphics chip in the SG-1000, which did not have the power for the kinds of games Sega wanted to make. The Mark III's chip was designed in-house, based around the unit in Sega's System 2 arcade system board.

The Sega Mark III was released in Japan in October 1985 at a price of ¥15,000. Though its hardware was more powerful than the Famicom, the Mark III was not successful on launch. Problems arose from Nintendo's licensing practices with third-party developers, whereby Nintendo required that games for the Famicom not be published on other consoles. Sega developed its own games and obtained the rights to port games from other developers, but they did not sell well.

North American release as Master System
Though the SG-1000 had not been released in the United States, Sega hoped that their video game console business would fare better in North America than it had in Japan. To accomplish this, Sega of America was established in 1986 to manage the company's consumer products in North America. Rosen and Nakayama hired Bruce Lowry, Nintendo of America's vice president of sales. Lowry was persuaded to change companies because Sega would allow him to start his new office in San Francisco. He chose the name "Sega of America" for his division because he had worked for Nintendo of America and liked the combination of words. Initially, Sega of America was tasked with repackaging the Mark III for a Western release. Sega of America rebranded the Mark III as the Master System, similar to Nintendo's reworking of the Famicom into the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The name was chosen by Sega of America employees throwing darts against a whiteboard of suggested names. Plans to release a cheaper console, the Base System, also influenced the decision. Okawa approved of the name after being told it was a reference to the competitive nature of both the video game industry and martial arts, in which only one competitor can be the "Master". The console's futuristic final design was intended to appeal to Western tastes. The North American packaging was white to differentiate it from the black NES packaging, with a white grid design inspired by Apple computer products.

The Master System was first revealed in North America at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Chicago in June 1986. It was initially sold in a package with the "Power Base" console, a light gun, two controllers, and a pack-in multicart. The console was launched in September 1986 at a price of $200, including the games Hang-On and Safari Hunt. Nintendo was exporting the Famicom to the US as the NES, and both companies planned to spend $15 million in late 1986 to market their consoles; Sega hoped to sell 400,000 to 750,000 consoles in 1986. By the end of 1986, at least 125,000 Master System consoles had been sold, more than the Atari 7800's 100,000 but less than Nintendo's 1.1 million. Other sources indicate that more than 250,000 Master System consoles were sold by Christmas 1986.

As in Japan, the Master System in North America had a limited game library. Limited by Nintendo's licensing practices, Sega only had two third-party American publishers, Activision and Parker Brothers. Agreements with both of those companies came to an end in 1989. Sega claimed that the Master System was the first console "where the graphics on the box are actually matched by the graphics of the game", and pushed the "arcade experience" in adverts. Its marketing department was run by only two people, giving Sega a disadvantage in advertising. As one method of promoting the console, at the end of 1987 Sega partnered with astronaut Scott Carpenter to start the "Sega Challenge", a traveling program set up in recreational centers where kids were tested on non-verbal skills such as concentration and the ability to learn new skills. Out Run and Shooting Gallery were two games included in the challenge.

In 1987, amid struggling sales in the US, Sega sold the US distribution rights for the Master System to the toy company Tonka, which had no experience with electronic entertainment systems. The thinking at Sega behind the deal was to leverage Tonka's knowledge of the American toy market, since Nintendo had marketed the NES as a toy to great success in the region. The announcement was made shortly after the 1987 Summer CES. During this time, much of Sega of America's infrastructure shifted from marketing and distribution to focus on customer service, and Lowry departed the company. Tonka blocked localization of several popular Japanese games, and during 1988 were less willing to purchase EPROMs needed for game cartridge manufacture during a shortage. They also became less willing to invest in video games after taking massive loans in purchasing Kenner Toys in 1987, followed by poor holiday season sales and financial losses. Though the distributor of the console had changed, the Master System continued to perform poorly in the market.

The Mark III was rereleased as the Master System in Japan in October 1987 for ¥16,800, but still sold poorly. Neither model posed a serious challenge to Nintendo in Japan, and, according to Sato, Sega was only able to attain 10% of the Japanese console market.

Europe, Brazil, and other markets
The Master System was launched in Europe in 1987. It was distributed by Mastertronic in the United Kingdom, Master Games in France, and Ariolasoft in West Germany, though Ariolasoft initially purchased the distribution rights for the United Kingdom. Because Ariolasoft could not agree to a pricing agreement with Sega, Mastertronic signed a deal in 1987 to take control of UK distribution, and announced the deal at the 1987 Summer CES. The company announced the release of 12 titles by autumn. Mastertronic advertised the Master System as "an arcade in the home" and launched it at £99. Advance orders from retailers were high, but Sega proved unable to deliver inventory until Boxing Day on December 26, causing many retailers to cancel their orders; Mastertronic and Master Games entered financial crises and Ariolasoft vowed never to work with Sega again. Mastertronic had already sold a minority interest to the Virgin Group to enter the console business, and sold the remainder to avoid bankruptcy. The newly rebranded Virgin Mastertronic took over all European distribution in 1988.

Virgin Mastertronic focused marketing the Master System on ports of Sega's arcade games and positioning it as a superior video game alternative to the Commodore 64 and the ZX Spectrum computers. As a result of this marketing and of Nintendo's less effective early approaches in Europe, the Master System began to attract European developers. The Master System held a significant part of the video game console market in Europe through the release of Sega's succeeding console, the Mega Drive. In 1989, Virgin Mastertronic began offering rentals of the Master System console and 20 games. The United Kingdom also hosted a Sega video games national championship, with the winner competing against Japanese and American champions on the British television show Motormouth. Players competed in a variety of games, including Astro Warrior, platform games, and sports games. During the late 1980s, the Master System was outselling the NES in the United Kingdom.

The Master System was successful in Europe. By 1990, the Master System was the best-selling console in Europe, though the NES was beginning to have a fast-growing user base in the UK. For the year 1990, Virgin Mastertronic sold 150,000 Master Systems in the United Kingdom, greater than the 60,000 Mega Drives and Nintendo's 80,000 consoles sold in the same period. In the whole of Europe that year, Sega sold a combined 918,000 consoles, greater than Nintendo's 655,000.

The Master System was also successful in Brazil, where it was distributed by Tectoy and launched in September 1989. Tectoy, a Brazilian toy company startup focused on electronic toys, reached out to Sega about distributing their products. Despite hesitation given the situation with Tonka in the US, Tectoy was eventually given liberty to manage Sega products in Brazil. Their success distributing Sega's laser tag gun based on the anime Zillion gave Sega the confidence to allow Tectoy to distribute the Master System. By the end of 1990, the installed base in Brazil was about 280,000 units. Tectoy introduced a telephone service with game tips, created a Master System club, and presented the program Master Tips during commercial breaks of the television show Sessão Aventura of Rede Globo. Nintendo did not arrive in Brazil until 1993, and were unable to officially compete, given that clones of the NES dominated the Brazilian market. Tectoy claimed 80% of the Brazilian video game market.

In South Korea, the Sega Mark III was released by Samsung under the name "Gam*Boy" in April 1989 and then the Master System II was released under the name "Aladdin Boy" in 1992. It sold 720,000 units in South Korea up until 1993, outselling the NES (released by Hyundai Group as the "Comboy") and becoming the best-selling console in South Korea up until 1993. The Master System was also popular in Australia, where 250,000 units were sold in 1990 alone, and where it was more successful than the NES. 650,000 Master System consoles had been sold in Australia by November 1994.

Decline
Although the Master System was a success in Europe, and later in Brazil, it failed to ignite significant interest in the Japanese or North American markets, which, by the mid-to-late 1980s, were both dominated by Nintendo. By 1988, Nintendo held 83 percent of the North American video game market. With Sega continuing to have difficulty penetrating the home market, Sega's console R&D team, led by Ishikawa and supervised by Sato, began work on a successor to the Master System almost immediately after its launch. Another competitor arose in Japan in 1987 when Japanese computer giant NEC released the PC Engine (TurboGrafx-16 in North America) amid great publicity.

Sega released its next console, the 16-bit Mega Drive, in Japan on October 29, 1988. The final licensed release for the Master System in Japan was Bomber Raid in 1989. In the same year, Sega was preparing to release the new Mega Drive, rebranded Genesis, in North America. Displeased with Tonka's handling of the Master System, Sega reacquired the marketing and distribution rights to the Master System for the United States. In 1990, Sega released the remodeled Master System II, designed as a lower-cost version without the Sega Card slot. Sega promoted the new model, but it sold poorly. By early 1992, Master System production had ceased in North America, having sold between 1.5 million and 2 million units, behind both Nintendo and Atari, which controlled 80 percent and 12 percent of the market respectively. The last licensed Master System release in North America was Sonic the Hedgehog (1991).

In Europe, where the Master System was the best-selling console up until 1990, the NES caught up with and narrowly overtook the Master System in Western Europe during the early 1990s, though the Master System maintained its lead in several markets such as the United Kingdom, Belgium and Spain. In 1993, the Master System's estimated active installed user base in Europe was 6.25 million units, larger than that of the Mega Drive's 5.73 million that year but less than the NES's 7.26 million. Combined with the Mega Drive, Sega represented the majority of the European console market that year. The Master System II was also successful and helped Sega to sustain their significant market share. Releases continued into the 1990s in Europe, including Mercs (1991), Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992) and Streets of Rage 2 (1993).

The Master System has had continued success in Brazil, where dedicated "plug and play" consoles emulating the original hardware continue to be sold by Tectoy, including portable versions. These systems include the Master System Compact and the Master System III, and Tectoy has also received requests to remake the original Master System. A 2012 article on UOL wrote that Tectoy re-releases of the Master System and Mega Drive combined sold around 150,000 units per year in Brazil. By 2016, Tectoy said they had sold 8 million units of Master System branded systems in Brazil.

Technical specifications
The Master System's main CPU is a Zilog Z80A, an 8-bit processor rated for 4 MHz, but runs at 3.58 MHz. It has 8 KB of ROM, 8 KB of RAM and 16 KB of video RAM. Video is provided through an RF switch (though Model 1s with an AV port can also output composite and even RGB video) and displays at a resolution of 256 × 192 pixels and up to 32 colors at one time from a total palette of 64 colors; the Video Display Processor (VDP) graphics chip was designed by Sega for the Mark III. The Master System measures 365 x, while the Mark III measures 318 x. Both consoles use two slots for game input: one for Mega Cartridges and one for Sega Cards, along with an expansion slot and two controller ports. Sound is provided by the SN76489 PSG built into the VDP, which can provide three square wave channels and one noise channel. The Japanese version also integrates the YM2413 FM chip, an optional feature on the Mark III. With few exceptions, Master System hardware is identical to the hardware in the Mark III. Games for the console are playable on the Sega Genesis using the Power Base Converter accessory, and on the Game Gear using the Master Gear Converter. Compared to the base NES, the Master System has four times as much system memory, eight times as much video memory, and a higher CPU clock rate.

Sega produced several iterations of the Master System. The Master System II, released in 1990, removed a number of components to reduce cost: the Sega Card slot, reset button, power light, expansion port, and startup music and logo. In most regions, the Master System II's A/V port was omitted, leaving only RF output available; this was reversed in France, where the local version of the Master System II had only A/V video output available and omitted the RF hardware. In Brazil, Tectoy released several licensed variations; the Master System Super Compact functions wirelessly with an RF transmitter, and the Master System Girl, molded in bright pink plastic, was targeted at girls. The Master System 3 Collection, released in 2006, contains 120 built-in games. Handheld versions of the Master System were released under several brands, such as Coleco in 2006.

Accessories
A number of cross-compatible accessories were created for the Mark III and Master System. The controller consists of a rectangle with a D-pad and two buttons. Sega also introduced additional Mark III controllers, such as a paddle controller. A combination steering wheel and flight stick, the Handle Controller, was released in 1989. The Sega Control Stick is an arcade-style joystick with the buttons on the opposite side as the standard controller. Unreleased in Europe, the Sega Sports Pad utilizes a trackball and is compatible with three games. Sega also created an expansion for its controller, the Rapid Fire Unit, that allows for auto-fire by holding down one of two buttons. This unit connects between the console and the controller. A light gun peripheral, the Light Phaser, was based on the weapon of the same name from the Japanese anime Zillion. It is compatible with 13 games and released exclusively in the West.

A pair of 3D glasses, the SegaScope 3-D, were created for games such as Space Harrier 3-D, although Mark III users need an additional converter to use them. The SegaScope 3-D works via an active shutter system, creating a stereoscopic effect. The glasses need to be connected to the Sega Card slot, and thus do not function with the Master System II due to lack of the card slot. A total of eight games, including Zaxxon 3-D and Out Run 3D, are compatible with the glasses.

The Mark III has an optional RF transmitter accessory, allowing wireless play that broadcasts the game being played on a UHF television signal.

Game Gear
Developed under the name "Project Mercury" and designed based on the Master System's hardware, the Game Gear is a handheld game console. It was first released in Japan on October 6, 1990, in North America and Europe in 1991, and in Australia and New Zealand in 1992. Originally retailing at JP¥19,800 in Japan, $149.99 in North America, and GB£99.99 in the United Kingdom, the Game Gear was designed to compete with the Game Boy, which Nintendo had released in 1989. There are similarities between the Game Gear and the Master System hardware, but the games are not directly compatible; Master System games are only playable on Game Gear using the Master Gear Converter accessory. A large part of the Game Gear's game library consists of Master System ports. Because of hardware similarities, including the landscape screen orientation, Master System games are easily portable to the handheld. In particular, many Master System ports of Game Gear games were done by Tectoy for the Brazilian market, as the Master System was more popular than the Game Gear in the region.

Game library

Master System games came in two formats: ROM cartridges held up to 4 Mbit (512 KB) of code and data, while Sega Cards held up to 256 Kbit (32 KB). Cartridges were marketed by their storage size: One Mega (1 Mbit), Two Mega (2 Mbit), and Four Mega (4 Mbit). Cards, cheaper to manufacture than the cartridges, included Spy vs. Spy and Super Tennis, but were eventually dropped due to their small memory size. The size of the release library varies based on region; North America received just over 100 games, with Japan receiving less. Europe, by contrast, received over 300 licensed games, including 8-bit ports of Genesis games and PAL-exclusive releases. The first Mark III-specific cartridge was Fantasy Zone, released on June 15, 1986, and Bomber Raid was the final release on February 4, 1989, a few months after the launch of the Mega Drive. The final North American release was Sonic the Hedgehog in October 1991. Games for PAL regions continued to be released until the mid-1990s.

The Sega Mark III and the Japanese Master System are backwards-compatible with SC-3000/SG-1000 cartridges, and can play Sega Card games without the Card Catcher peripheral. However, educational and programming cartridges for the SC-3000 require the SK-1100 keyboard peripheral, which is compatible with the Mark III but not the Japanese Master System. Mark III-specific games were initially available in card format (labelled My Card Mark III to distinguish themselves from games designed for the SC-3000/SG-1000), starting with Teddy Boy Blues and Hang-On, both released on October 20, 1985.

Of the games released for the Master System, Phantasy Star is considered a benchmark role-playing game (RPG), and became a successful franchise. Sega's flagship character at the time, Alex Kidd, featured in games including Alex Kidd in Miracle World. Wonder Boy III: The Dragon's Trap was influential for its blend of platform gameplay with RPG elements. Different Master System consoles included built-in games, including Snail Maze, Hang-On/Safari Hunt, Alex Kidd in Miracle World and Sonic the Hedgehog. Battery-backup save game support was included in eight cartridges, including Penguin Land, Phantasy Star, Ys, and Miracle Warriors.

The more extensive PAL region library includes 8-bit entries in Genesis franchises such as Streets of Rage, a number of additional Sonic the Hedgehog games, and dozens of PAL exclusives such as Lucky Dime Caper, Asterix, Ninja Gaiden, Master of Darkness and Power Strike II. Retro Gamer 's Damien McFerran praised the "superb" PAL library of "interesting ports and excellent exclusives", which was richer than the North American library and provided a "drip-feed of quality titles".

After the Master System was discontinued in other markets, additional games were released in Brazil by Tectoy, including ports of Street Fighter II and Dynamite Headdy. Tectoy created Portuguese translations of games exclusive to the region. Some of these would tie in to popular Brazilian entertainment franchises; for example, Teddy Boy became Geraldinho, certain Wonder Boy titles became Monica's Gang games, and Ghost House became Chapolim vs. Dracula: Um Duelo Assutador, based on the Mexican TV series El Chapulín Colorado. Tectoy also ported games to the Master System, including various games from the Genesis and Game Gear. Aside from porting, the company developed Férias Frustradas do Pica-Pau after finding out that Woody Woodpecker (named Pica-Pau in Portuguese) was the most popular cartoon on Brazilian television, along with at least twenty additional exclusives. These titles were developed in-house by Tectoy in Brazil.

Due in part to Nintendo's licensing practices, which stipulated that third-party NES developers could not release games on other platforms, few third-party developers released games for the Master System. According to Sato, Sega was focused on porting its arcade games instead of building relationships with third parties. According to Sega designer Mark Cerny, most of Sega's early Master System games were developed within a strict three-month deadline, which affected their quality. Computer Gaming World compared new Sega games to "drops of water in the desert". Games for the Master System took advantage of more advanced hardware compared to the NES; Alex Kidd in Miracle World, for example, showcases "blistering colors and more detailed sprites" than NES games. The Master System version of R-Type was praised for its visuals, comparable to those of the TurboGrafx-16 port.

In 2005, Sega reached a deal with Chinese company AtGames to release emulated Master System software in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. Several Master System games were released for download on Nintendo's Wii Virtual Console, beginning with Fist of the North Star in 2008 in Japan and Wonder Boy in North America. Master System games were also released via the GameTap online service.

Reception and legacy
Due to the continued release of new variants in Brazil, the Master System is considered by many video gaming publications to be the longest lived gaming console in video games history, a title it took from the Atari 2600. Sales of the Master System have been estimated between 10 million and 13 million units, not including later Brazil sales. It saw much more continued success in Europe and Brazil than it did in Japan and North America. In 1989, the Master System was listed in the top 20 products of NPD Group's Toy Retail Sales Tracking Service. However, the Electronic Gaming Monthly 1992 Buyer's Guide indicated a souring interest in the console. Four reviewers scored it 5, 4, 5, and 5 out of a possible 10 points each, focusing on the better value of the Genesis and lack of quality games for the Master System. In 1993, reviewers scored it 2, 2, 3, and 3 out of 10, noting its abandonment by Sega in North America and lack of new releases. By contrast, over 34 million NES units were sold in North America alone, outselling the Master System's life time units globally nearly three times over. According to Bill Pearse of Playthings, the NES gained an advantage through better software and more recognizable characters. Sega closed the gap with Nintendo in the next generation with the release of the Genesis, which sold 30.75 million consoles compared with the 49 million Super Nintendo Entertainment System consoles.

Retrospective feedback of the Master System praises its support toward development of the Sega Genesis, but has been critical of its small game library. Writing for AllGame, Dave Beuscher noted that the Master System "was doomed by the lack of third-party software support and all but disappeared from the American market by 1992." Retro Gamer writer Adam Buchanan praised the larger PAL library as a "superb library of interesting ports and excellent exclusives". Damien McFerran, also of Retro Gamer, recognized its importance to the success of the Genesis, stating, "Without this criminally undervalued machine, Sega would not have enjoyed the considerable success it had with the Mega Drive. The Master System allowed Sega to experiment with arcade conversions, original IP and even create a mascot in the form of the lovable monkey-boy Alex Kidd." In 2009, the Master System was named the 20th best console of all time by IGN, behind the Atari 7800 (17th) and the NES (1st). IGN cited the Master System's small and uneven NTSC library as the major problems: "Months could go by between major releases and that made a dud on the Master System feel even more painful."

title: Master System


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Talk:Adams County, Washington

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I changed "largest natural" to "longest", as it is very misleading to call it natural when much of its size is because of the Lake Chelan Dam. Niteowlneils 03:44, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Removed longest claim, as well--once you're not talking strictly natural lakes, it isn't that, either. Niteowlneils 04:11, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Chelan County Maps
I think we need a better series of maps for cities in Chelan County, similar to those in Maricopa County, Arizona. They are very professional looking and give good detail... the problem is that I can't find any chelan county base maps to work off of. If anyone can access one, we can create some better location maps. Cascadia 16:36, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

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Proposed merge with Indian Pass, Washington
Unremarkable location Nördic   Nightfury  08:42, 21 February 2017 (UTC)

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Talk:Clallam County, Washington

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Language
"5% spoke English and 3.2% Spanish as their first language."

5% speak English as their first language? Is that a mistake? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.102.86.177 (talk) 07:00, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I noticed the same. I think it should be 95%, will change it accordingly (hell, it can't be more wrong than 5%!—Nicholas (reply) @ 14:33, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

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Talk:Clark County, Washington

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Merged Clark County Youth Commission
I merged Clark County Youth Commission with this article. -  Milk's   Favorite   Cookie  01:58, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Sections to Add

 * History
 * Law and government
 * Geography
 * Geographic features
 * Major highways
 * Adjacent counties
 * Economy
 * Demographics
 * Cities and towns
 * Colleges and universities
 * Miscellaneous topics (Sports teams and similar lists)
 * Notes and references
 * Related WikiProjects
 * External links —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rorybowman (talk • contribs) 05:27, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

About Geography
The text, as of Sept 13th, 2009, reads "... the volcanic Pacific Coast and Cascade Ranges, where glaciation helped form a U-shaped valley which meets the river valley of the Columbia River ..."

I know and suspect misinformation in that text. The Pacific Coast range is not a volcanic range. It is a 'melange' range, a pile-up of material scraped off of the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate as it subducts under the North American plate. The great valley has certainly been shaped by glaciation, and by the Missoula floods, but it was created by something else. Perhaps by the tectonic subduction. We need a person better informed than me to write a revision to that paragraph. C2equalA2plusB2 (talk) 18:10, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

Politics of Clark County, Washington
Why is Clark County, Washington is a Republican county?--66.96.78.44 (talk) 00:53, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

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Talk:Columbia County, Washington

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Talk:Cowlitz County, Washington

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Talk:Douglas County, Washington

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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title: Talk:Douglas County, Washington


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Talk:Ferry County, Washington

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2010 census
Thirteen new CDPs have been recognized, the county gained 291 people, and is now the second-least-densely-populated county in Washington. See:. Just thought I should mention that... Doggitydogs (talk) 22:15, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

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Talk:Franklin County, Washington

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Talk:Garfield County, Washington

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Talk:Grant County, Washington

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Off by a factor of ten?
Unless I'm mistaken the density should be more like 10/km 2 than 1/km 2, if the area and population are correct. But of course the error could be in one of the other factors... --Haruo 05:50, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

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Talk:Grays Harbor County, Washington

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Talk:Island County, Washington

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Other Communities/Incorporated Communities
Should we change the title of the "Other Communities" to "Unicorporated Communities"? Also, I think we should only mention the ones in the infobox that appears on the Island County pages. --InformationContributor11 (talk) 16:41, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

Locations within Other Unincorporated Communities
There are many locations listed in the locations that do not have information available. Where do these locations come from? Without any data to back them up should they even be listed? I ask because I am in the middle of doing some work on another wiki in the populated places, looking for information on cities/towns etc... I won't list a town if there is no information about that location. I wonder if someone is adding locations that they knew existed but in reality these places were just called that by the locals. Seems very odd that there are a lot of "beaches" listed. Y8S - LN (talk) 21:26, 13 March 2019 (UTC)
 * It's likely that the listed areas were scraped from Google Maps or another database. For the U.S., there's also GNIS from the USGS, which has lists of populated places that are organized by county and have accurate coordinates; I would not recommend adding or removing entries without consulting a local expert. Unincorporated communities in Washington can range from large suburbs that just don't have a defined town center, or small farms that were once thriving towns. As for Island County, being that it is two islands, almost all settlements are on beaches.  Sounder Bruce  05:02, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

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Constructor University

Constructor University, formerly Jacobs University Bremen, is an international, private, residential research university located in Vegesack, Bremen, Germany. It offers study programs in engineering, humanities, natural and social sciences, in which students can acquire bachelor's, master's or doctorate degrees.

Most of the instruction at the university is in English. Constructor University's students come from more than 110 countries, with about 80% foreign students and approximately 33% international faculty members.

History

Constructor University (previously called Jacobs University and International University Bremen) was founded in 1999 with the support of the University of Bremen, Rice University in Houston, Texas, and the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, with study programs beginning in 2001. The Jacobs Foundation invested €200 million in the institution in November 2006, thus taking over a two-thirds majority of the partnership share. At the beginning of 2007, the university changed its name to Jacobs University Bremen. In November 2022 it changed its name to Constructor University.

The campus is located on the site of the former Roland Barracks in Bremen-Grohn. The site was erected in 1938 during the National Socialist period. After the Second World War it was transformed into a displaced-persons camp by the International Refugee Organization under the management of the American forces known as Camp Grohn. Shortly after the formation of the Bundeswehr, Camp Grohn was passed into the responsibility of the German government in 1955 and renamed Roland Kaserne. Roland Kaserne housed a Bundeswehr logistics school during the Cold War. In 1999, the military base was inactivated, making way for the university.

The approximately 34-hectare site of the campus university is home to four residential colleges, buildings for administration, lecturing and research, an Information Resource Center (IRC) with a library and digital resources, sport, leisure and park facilities.

Financing
The financing of Constructor University has been the subject of controversy, especially in Bremen. For a long time, the university generated income from various sources such as tuition fees, donations, third-party funding and grants from the Jacobs Foundation. Funding from the state of Bremen, amounting to three million euros annually, expired in 2017.

In June 2018, the Jacobs Foundation decided to support the private university with a maximum of another 100 million Swiss francs until 2027. Also in June 2018, the city of Bremen decided that it would take over a loan from the university's founding phase.

In the summer of 2020, the Jacobs Foundation announced its withdrawal from funding. The foundation's majority shares were transferred to the Verein zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung in Bremen e.V.

In September 2021, the Bremen Senate approved the sale of Bremen's shares to the Schaffhausen Institute of Technology (SIT). The new majority owner plans to invest 50 million euros in Jacobs University, half of which by the end of 2024. In November 2022 SIT changed its name to Constructor Group.

Organization
The university is managed by a not-for-profit company Constructor University Bremen gGmbH. In line with the statutes, it is composed of four organs: the Councilors, the Board of Trustees, the Board of Governors and the Executive Board, which comprises the Managing Director and the President. The Board of Governors is the central decision-making committee for all the fundamental questions of the university's development, including the appointment of the president and the professors. Christian Jacobs, the eldest son of the entrepreneur and patron Klaus J. Jacobs (1936–2008), is a member of the board of trustees of the Jacobs Foundation.

University leadership

 * Stanislav Protasov, President (since March 2023)
 * Fabio Pammolli, President (January – December 2022)
 * Andrea Herzig-Erler (Managing Director 2020 – 2022) and Thomas Auf der Heyde (Managing Director since 2020)
 * Antonio Loprieno, President 2019 – 2020
 * Michael Hülsmann, President 2018 – 2019
 * Katja Windt, President 2014 – 2018
 * Heinz-Otto Peitgen President 2013 – 2014
 * Joachim Treusch, President 2006 – 2012
 * Fritz Schaumann, President 1999 – 2006

Board of Governors
Sources:

 * Serguei Beloussov, Founder and Chairman of the Schaffhausen Institute of Technology (Chairman of the Board of Governors).
 * Philipp Rösler, former Vice Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany and member of the supervisory board of various listed companies (Deputy Chairman of the Board of Governors).
 * Jochen Berger, founder, entrepreneur and investor
 * Mark Kamlet, Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
 * Rafael Laguna de la Vera, software entrepreneur, Director of the Federal Agency for Leap Innovations SPRIND
 * Elena Novoselova, vice president of communications and grant management at SIT
 * Sascha Spoun, President of Leuphana University Lüneburg
 * Matthias Winter, McKinsey & Company, Senior Partner in Zurich
 * Ilya Zubarev, software entrepreneur and co-founder of Acronis, Runa Capital and numerous other companies
 * Rainer Köttgen, Chairman of the Board of the Reimar Lüst Foundation and former State Councillor at the Bremen Senator for Education and Science
 * Stefan Rustler, President of the Jacobs University Bremen Alumni Association.
 * Antje Boetius, Director of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
 * Tim Cordßen-Ryglewski, State Councillor at the Senator for Science and Ports Bremen
 * Dorothee Dzwonnek, former State Secretary and Secretary General of the German Research Foundation (DFG) from 2007–2018
 * Gerold Wefer, founder and former director of the MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen
 * Jürgen Zöllner, Chairman of the Charité Foundation Berlin and former Chairman of the Board of Governors
 * Peter Lürßen, Managing Director of Fr. Lürssen Werft

Constructor Group (majority shareholder)
Constructor Group, previously known as the Schaffhausen Institute of Technology, abbreviated SIT, is a private non-profit institute in Switzerland founded in 2019 by entrepreneur Serg Bell. The institute focuses on computer science, physics and digital transformation. Its partners are Carnegie Mellon University and the School of Computing at the National University of Singapore.

The development of the institute was funded by the Canton of Schaffhausen with 3 million Swiss francs.

The academic focus is led by 2010 Nobel Prize winner in physics Konstantin Novoselov.

Study programs
Constructor University offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs, as well as a preparatory program. From the first semester, students are involved in their professors' research projects. The university sees itself as a melting pot of cultures, ideas and perspectives and aims to create a safe and attractive learning environment. From counseling and intercultural services, job and career services, German courses, club activities, to campus life offerings, students have access to numerous resources.

At Constructor University, both teaching and research are organized into three thematic areas of focus, comparable to faculties at other German universities.

1. Mobility: Understanding the global movement of people, goods, and information. 2. Health: developing solutions for a healthier world. 3. Diversity: Deciphering a modern, global world.

Both undergraduate and graduate programs are offered in these Focus Areas. In addition, the university offers a college preparatory program. Its purpose is to help students decide on their future study path and meet international admission criteria. The language of instruction is English. The degree programs are practice-oriented. Students are involved in the research work of their professors from the first semester onwards, and in the fifth semester there is the possibility of a stay abroad.

The program can be completed with the academic degrees Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Executive Master / Master of Business Administration and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.). Tuition fees for a bachelor's or master's degree program are around €20,000 per academic year. Additional costs are incurred for room and board. A system of scholarships and loans is designed to ensure that all admitted applicants to bachelor's programs can begin their studies. Following the motto "Study now, pay later," Constructor University offers a financing model for tuition fees together with the Brain Capital education fund.

Bachelor's degree programs
Source:

 * Industrial Engineering & Management (BSc)
 * Mathematics (BSc)
 * Computer Science (BSc)
 * Electrical and Computer Engineering (BSc)
 * Robotics and Intelligent Systems (BSc)
 * Biochemistry and Cell Biology (BSc)
 * Chemistry and Biotechnology (BSc)
 * Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology (BSc)
 * Earth and Environmental Sciences (BSc)
 * Physics (BSc)
 * Global Economics and Management (BA)
 * International Business Administration (BA)
 * Society, Media and Politics (BA)
 * International Relations: Politics and History (BA)
 * Integrated Social and Cognitive Psychology (BSc)

Graduate programs
Source:

 * Data Science for Society and Business (MSc)
 * Data Engineering (MSc)
 * Supply Chain Management (MSc)
 * Psychology (MSc) (bilingual: German / English)
 * International Relations (MA)

There are two different approaches to earning a PhD degree at Constructor University:

 * Individual, research-oriented degrees and structured PhD programs such as the Bremen International School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), which is offered in cooperation with the University of Bremen.
 * In addition, Constructor University is affiliated with the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology and the Alfred Wegener Institute (Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research – AWI) through the graduate program Marine Microbiology (MarMic).

Preparation Program: Foundation Year
The academic preparation program, the International Foundation Year, provides tailored academic and personal support for individual development and prepares participants for the challenges of university-level study. In addition to building your academic knowledge and skills, the program builds self-confidence and teaches important lifelong social, professional and personal skills.

Student body
The international nature of the student body is one of the defining characteristics of Constructor University. Currently more than 1,600 students from over 110 nations are matriculated at the university (status as of December 2022). Most students come from Germany (16.1%), followed by India (7.2%), Nepal (7.0%), USA (5.0%), Albania (4.4%), Pakistan (4.2%), Morocco (3.5%), China (3.1%), Ethiopia (2.3%) and South Korea (2.1%). Programs with a total of 120 international partners foster the international atmosphere.

Overseen by resident mentors, the vast majority of students live on campus in one of four colleges. They pursue their sporting, social, political or cultural interests in more than 50 student clubs. Constructor students organize a number of recurring events on campus such as conferences, culture information days, sports competitions and art exhibitions.

Constructor University has two groups of student government: the Undergraduate Student Government (USG) and the Graduate Student Association (GSA), representing the undergraduate and graduate student body, respectively.

Research
Research in the three Focus Areas is an important pillar of Constructor University. Its scientists have made a name for themselves through a variety of international and national research projects. There are currently 4 functional research facilities in the university's campus, in which students and staff work for their research projects. In 2017, each professor raised an average of 205,900 euros in third-party funding[BM1]. Research projects at Constructor University are funded by the German Research Foundation or by the European Union's Framework Program for Research and Innovation, as well as by globally leading companies.

Rankings
In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2024, the university is placed at 401–500 globally and 37–41 within the country.

In 2021, Constructor University ranked 27th in a comparison of 475 universities worldwide that are younger than 50. Constructor is steadily improving in the nationwide comparison, reaching 2nd place in 2021. In the categories "Teaching" and "Internationality" it reaches first place in 2021[BM2].

Constructor University is one of the most popular universities among researchers from abroad and ranks seventh among the more than 80 universities evaluated in a Germany-wide comparison. The ranking is based on the number of guest stays by top international and junior researchers who have conducted research in Germany as fellows or award winners of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the past five years.

Partnerships
The university closely cooperates with many local and international partners, including students exchange, faculty mobility, joint programs, and research collaborations. The partners include world-renowned institutions, such as:
 * North America (now US only):
 * Carnegie Mellon University
 * Rice University
 * New York University
 * University of Pennsylvania
 * Cornell University
 * Case Western Reserve University
 * University of Notre Dame

 * Europe:
 * University of Edinburgh, UK
 * University of Warwick, UK
 * University of Groningen, The Netherlands
 * Sciences Po, France
 * Uppsala University, Sweden
 * University of Oslo, Norway
 * St. Petersburg State University, Russia

 * Germany:
 * Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremen
 * Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Marine Microbiology, Bremen
 * University of Bremen

 * Asia (Far & Middle East):
 * Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
 * The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
 * Ritsumeikan University, Japan
 * University of Nottingham Ningbo, China
 * Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Alumni Association
The Jacobs University Alumni Association was founded in 2004. It has around 2000 members; the percentage of new graduates that join the association is approximately 70%. In 2008, a limited company was founded as Jacobs University Bremen Alumni & Friends GmbH, laying the legal foundations to give the alumni a say in the university's development. The limited company, which is 99-percent owned by the Alumni Association, with one percent owned by the university, is one of the three shareholders in Constructor University and owns a sixth of the shares in the school. The president of the Alumni Association is also a member of the Board of Governors, thus taking a very active role in shaping the future of the institution.

Categorization of the study model
Constructor University has combined features of typical US and German higher education institutions.

US universities can be public or private and typically offer 4-year undergraduate programs. They charge high annual tuition fees and provide accommodation for students to live on campus. in contrast, most German universities are public and offer 3-year undergraduate programs in accordance with the Bologna Process. The majority of German universities does not charge tuition fees, but only collect a small service fee. Dormitories and meals are managed by Studentenwerk, a municipal student service organization independent of universities. Jacobs as a private university, offers 3-year undergraduate programs with less expensive tuition fees and provides accommodation on the residential campus for its student.

A typical 4-year US program includes physical educations, requiring its students to take around four to five courses per semester. Like German universities, Jacobs's 3-year program offers athletics in the form of extracurricular activities. The average 30 ECTS per semester include more than 6 courses of soft skills training(e.g. language courses as additional competences). Jacobs also provides career advising as mandatory courses.

The admission process of Constructor University follows the US-American system.

Cooperation with businesses
Constructor University offers companies various opportunities for cooperation, which include long-term research collaborations, the provision of scientific services as part of short-term research and development projects, or training of junior and managerial staff.

Cyber Security Incident
In early February, Constructor University grappled with a cyber security breach, resulting in a week-long campus-wide internet blackout. While no data compromise was reported, functionality was only partially restored by late March. The incident's impact extended to essential services like the meal plan system, highlighting the crucial role of robust cyber security protocols in safeguarding educational institutions.

title: Constructor University


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Talk:Jefferson County, Washington

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Talk:King County, Washington

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Political Comment
It is apparent that the author of the political part of this article is a red person living in a blue region. If Democrats are left leaning, why aren't Republicans right leaning? In the discussion of changing the charter and flag to honor Doctor King, why was cost brought up? A local liberal/Democrat needs to provide balance and insight to the article. A Proud Liberal 05:01, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your suggestion. When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the Edit this page link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes — they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to).   --Lukobe 05:39, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Politics edit, 12-18
There is no valid reason to call all five Democrats on the County Council from the "Metro Seattle core" because two of them (Bob Ferguson and Julia Patterson) represent districts that are mostly outside of Seattle. Also, there is no valid reason to delete the explanation of the political shift in east King Coutny evidenced by the 2004 election. If this entry is going to include a statement that "David Irons beat Rom Sims countywide" (which is not even technically accurate, as King County includes Seattle), it should include the fact that John Kerry and Patty Murray won in most of the county's incorporated areas, not just Seattle. In its current edit, this article wrongly gives the impression that King County outside of Seattle leans Republican, which is flatly untrue. 67.168.128.168 03:18, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Metro Seattle means the metropolitan area of Seattle, not just within city limits. Shoreline and Seatac are obviously metro seattle. And King County outside Seattle certainly leans more right. You don't even have to go to North Bend to see this; just look at Auburn or Bellevue. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ (AMA) 17:28, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Subregions?
There should be some discussion of the identities of areas such as South King County and East King County. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ (AMA) 17:28, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Renaming issue
I will need some help in fixing the mess I made. ;-) A redirect was incorrectly made and I botched the attempt to undo it.  King County was initially named in honor of Willam Rufus Devane King who was Vice President at the time the county was created.  Due to a fluke of history it also shared the last name of the great Martin Luther King.  The state redesignated the namesake of the county from WFDK to MLKjr in 2005 however the official name of the county still remains as it has always been, King County.  While those that advocated the change are understandably proud, and often refer to the county as "Martin Luther King Junior County" the official name remains the same as it has always been. --Coz 17:02, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I put in a request at Requested_moves. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ (AMA) 17:42, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * That press release put out by the county is just odd. It's flat out wrong. The actual law in question doesn't reflect quite what it claims. Under the applied logic, we would have to say that the prior official name of the county was William Rufus DeVane King County, Washington, which it was not. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ (AMA) 17:45, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * However, they are going to go ahead and replace the crown logo with King's face. It's interesting...Seattle, King County, Washington--all three named after people, all three's symbols are (going to be) those people's faces, and two of them are national minorities--and Seattle is quite the white locale! --Lukobe 18:39, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * This whole issue has been odd. When Executive Sims was on the council he decided he wanted to make this change.  However King County is a Charter county and it would take a vote of the people to make the change.  Since 1986 he has known that the people won't vote to change the charter and the Governor made it clear that changing a county namesake isn't something he was willing to support (Nothing against Mr. King but this was only an issue because of an accident of history, he only came here once, never had any ties to the region, and his family didn't care about the honor unless the county would pay them for it).  Finally in 2005, with a new Governor in place, he was able to slide this by at the state level.  It doesn't change the name, just the namesake, but for his purposes it was good enough.  There was quite a stink over it when it happened because this is something the people are supposed to be able to vote on.  --Coz 20:08, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * On Monday the county council voted to adopt a new logo and it was signed and went into effect Tuesday morning. My only remaining concern is that the King family so tightly controls the rights to the likeness that it is at this point unclear if anyone but the county itself can use the new logo. Just to be clear, the county name is still officially "King County".  It is only the namesake and the logo that were changed. --Coz 17:35, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Medic One
The reference to Medic One was removed recently without a reason... Should it be replaced? blodulv 23:36, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * please do. --Lukobe 05:32, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

Gavin Flying

 * The very end of the History section mentions Gavin Flying.

Galvin Flying® as the most prominent among them. Galvin Flying a corporation that has many CIF's (Certified Flight Instructors) who teach people to get their Private Pilot License.
 * This seems inappropriate for a discussion of King County and its History.

Normandy
A reference to Normandy, Washington was added as a Ghost town. I cant find any record or indication of any 'Normandy, Washington' anywhere in King County. There is 'Normandy Park, Washington' in King County - wondering if this is the same. If this is the case, the Ghost town reference should be removed (Normandy Park isnt a ghost town). If i dont hear anything, i'll delete the reference in a few days. Nothingofwater (talk) 22:54, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Flag
Is that really the official flag of King County? 98.221.124.80 (talk) 03:46, 24 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, the government website has a story from 2009 for the new county flag unveiled. --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 03:53, 24 April 2010 (UTC)
 * King County has nothing to do with Martin Luther King; that flag is a disgrace to any history there recorded. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.252.146.251 (talk • contribs) 23:40, 29 April 2010
 * The history section in the article explains the original source of the name, as well as the background on the "renaming". --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 01:46, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

A  picture of the old flag  and logo would  be a nice addition. 198.134.93.145 (talk) 03:46, 10 September 2011 (UTC)

Corrections Division Info
WhisperToMe (talk) 07:14, 29 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Old website (can have info that can be used as a source): http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.metrokc.gov/dad/
 * Anderson, Rick. "Unreported Jail Deaths." Seattle Weekly. August 10-16, 2005.

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Tribal information?
Tribes? Misty MH (talk) 21:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
 * , wow, that is a glaring gap, isn't it? I think the article should include information on the tribes in the area when the county was established and current tribes. I've ordered a book on Washington history, and will add content to the article after it arrives. Schazjmd   (talk)  22:08, 10 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Cool! :) Misty MH (talk) 21:11, 16 March 2021 (UTC)

How is that coming? Misty MH (talk) 12:27, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I added information on the current demographics, but the book I ordered didn't provide useful content on the history aspect. Then I forgot about it, so thanks for the nudge. I'll see what else I can find. Schazjmd   (talk)  15:37, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've done what I could, . Schazjmd   (talk)  23:07, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you! Misty MH (talk) 09:33, 3 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:King County, Washington


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Talk:Kitsap County, Washington

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Sports teams in Kitsap
I need to add a section about the Blue Jackets baseball team and the Slaughter County Roller Vixens rollerderby league. --8bitJake (talk) 19:01, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Neighboring Counties
Clallam county is a neighboring county, which is where the novel to be movie Twilight Was filmed 08. Author Stephanie Meyer has published 4 books since 2005 and plans for a 5th book to add to her series. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.100.156.137 (talk) 06:03, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Not relevant to this article. It's not notable to be a neighboring county of where a book series is set.  And on a side note, it was set in and around Forks, but that's not where the movie was filmed.   --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 17:24, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Kitsap has a history...doesn't it?
At the time I post this, the History section of the article reads as follows:

"Kitsap County was organized in 1857."

I've lived in Kitsap for seven years, and while it's a relatively boring place, there is a lot more to its history than "It began, the end." Bremerton was a major shipyard in World War II (I'm told one aircraft carrier was finished each day for three years); the Supreme Court case Oliphant v. Suquamish was decisive in the limitations of American Indian autonomy nationwide; Poulsbo was originally a Norweigan settlement, and English didn't catch on until the 1950's.

Obviously more research needs to be done--we've got a county historical museum somewhere--but is there any reason this kind of material shouldn't be in the article? DerekMBarnes (talk) 21:17, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

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Talk:Kittitas County, Washington

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Talk:Klickitat County, Washington

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Talk:Lewis County, Washington

Politics
"Lewis County is known for sharing many characteristics with eastern Washington instead of western Washington, where it is located, especially politically."

Is this more of a testament to the flaws in the Eastern/Western Washington dichotomy than it is something interesting about Lewis County? Looking at The 2004 and 2008 gubernatorial elections, much of Southern Washington voted red, though not as strongly as Lewis County. Perhaps it is more of the Puget Sound region that has the liberal base instead of all of Western Washington?

Anyone up for a discussion?

GregoryKohler (talk) 23:22, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

Untitled
Lewis County voted for Republican George W. Bush by almost a 2-to-1 margin, in sharp contrast to the fairly liberal surrounding areas.

In which election? 2000 or 2004?

 * Tried to expand on this. To me it's a bit more interesting that it went for both Dole and McCain. Anyway I'm thinking my information on local government is outdated, but their county site is a bit hard to use.--T. Anthony (talk) 08:06, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090604021155/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=44736 to http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=44736
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160708144914/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2015/CO-EST2015-alldata.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2015/CO-EST2015-alldata.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:46, 14 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Lewis County, Washington. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/609eS20fT?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/53/53041.html to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/53/53041.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080703205838/http://www.lewiscountydemocrats.net/district_info.htm to http://www.lewiscountydemocrats.net/district_info.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080116025856/http://www.drizzle.com/~jtenlen/walewis/history.html to http://www.drizzle.com/~jtenlen/walewis/history.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:18, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lewis County, Washington