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Sackets Harbor, New York

Sackets Harbor (earlier spelled Sacketts Harbor) is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States, on Lake Ontario. The population was 1,450 at the 2010 census. The village was named after land developer and owner Augustus Sackett, who founded it in the early 1800s.

Sackets Harbor is in the western part of the town of Hounsfield and is west of Watertown. The heart of the village, with a Main Street and well-preserved 19th century buildings, has been recognized as the Sackets Harbor Village Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

To support the War of 1812, the US Navy built a major shipyard and its headquarters for the Great Lakes at the village. Within a short period, more than 3,000 men worked at the shipyard. The Army constructed earthworks, forts, barracks and supporting infrastructure to defend the village and navy shipyard, and its troops also camped in the village. The thousands of military personnel made it seem like a city. By the fall of 1814, this was the third-largest population center in the entire state, after Albany and New York City. With its strategic protected harbor on Lake Ontario and military installations, the village had national importance through the 19th century.

Soon after the war, the Army strengthened its defenses on the northern frontier by constructing Madison Barracks. The village also developed a commercial shipyard and many business connections to communities around the Great Lakes. Its businessmen were also connected to bases in the major markets of Louisville, Kentucky, and New Orleans. In 1817 a consortium of local businessmen supported construction of the 240-ton Ontario, the first US steamboat on the Great Lakes. In July 1834, the commercial schooner Illinois from Sackets Harbor was the first to enter the harbor of the new settlement of Chicago. Sackets Harbor Battlefield State Historic Site commemorates a battle during the War of 1812 and the contribution of the area to the United States defense.

History
Prior to the American Revolutionary War, this area had been inhabited for thousands of years by differing cultures of indigenous peoples. The historic tribe were the Iroquoian-speaking Onondaga, part of the Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois Confederacy. Long trading with the French and English, the Mohawk and most of the Six Nations allied with the British during the Revolution, hoping to dislodge the American colonists from their territory. Following the war, they were forced to make major cessions of most of their land in New York to the United States. Most of the Iroquois went to Canada and settled on land granted by Great Britain.

In the large-scale sales of 5 e6acre of public lands in the postwar period, Sackets Harbor was founded in 1801 by Augustus Sackett, a land speculator from New York City. He and others had high hopes for trade across Lake Ontario with Kingston and other parts of Canada. With one of the few natural harbors on Lake Ontario, Sackets Harbor was the most significant community in the area until the founding of the city of Watertown.

The area attracted migrants from New England, as well as immigrants from Great Britain and France. The latter were fleeing the turmoil of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. They cleared heavy forest and gradually constructed houses for a village center. Edmund Luff, a young English immigrant, constructed a non-denominational meetinghouse, where all Christians met until they built their own churches in later decades. Converted to a residence, the house still stands.

The American Revolution did not resolve all issues with Great Britain. Border issues and increasing tensions led the US to impose the Embargo Act of 1807 prohibiting trade with Great Britain, which effectively included Canada. People on both sides of the border, Canadian (many of them Native Americans, including Loyalists who had fled there after the Revolution) and American, quickly built up a vigorous smuggling trade across the waters and through the nearby Thousand Islands area along the St. Lawrence River. But the embargo reduced trade. The US government first stationed forces in the area to try to reduce smuggling.

By the 1810 census, there were 943 qualified voters in the village. Sackets Harbor incorporated as a village in 1814, during the War of 1812.

War of 1812
As tensions increased with Great Britain, the US began to build up its military forces at Sackets Harbor, including creating a major shipyard at what became Navy Point. The scale of buildup was such that the citizens were outnumbered on a scale of about 8:1 by thousands of sailors and soldiers, camp followers and traders. Some 3,000 workers built the warships, and most had been recruited from the New York City area.

Limited sanitary facilities and medical knowledge made the dense troop encampments breeding grounds for infectious diseases, such as typhus, which quickly spread to villagers, too. By February 1813, Sackets Harbor was the largest community in the state north of the Mohawk River.

The village was the site of two battles during the War of 1812. In the first battle in 1812, the brig USS Oneida and shore batteries repulsed an attacking force of five British ships. The village became a major base of operations for both the Navy (including US Marine Corps) and Army for the duration of the war. The Army built defensive earthworks around much of the village, and Fort Tompkins with barracks near Navy Point. Local militia built Fort Volunteer north of the village main streets. Thousands of troops gathered to defend the shipyard and village, and to attack Canada.

The numbers of troops so exceeded what could be built to shelter them that in 1813 troops were housed with residents, in stores, in barns and in tents. Village women counted themselves lucky if they were only cooking for officers. By the spring of 1813, the Army had gathered approximately 5,200 men in the village.

Most importantly, by 1813 the village became the US Naval Headquarters on the Great Lakes. Working at the Navy Point shipyard were 3,000 highly skilled men, including hundreds of shipbuilders and carpenters brought from New York City because of a lack of locally skilled craftsmen. The yard was constructed and supervised during the war by New York City naval architect and shipbuilder Henry Eckford. They rapidly built eleven warships to establish control over the Great Lakes.

Control of the Great Lakes ultimately ended up in the hands of both the peoples of Canada and the United States (with the exception of Lake Michigan, which is located entirely within the United States) and has been managed since 1909 by the International Joint Commission.

In the Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor in May 1813, British forces landed and attacked the village, but they were again driven off. Most of the American garrison and ships were at the western end of the lake at the time in another conflict. The American defense was marred by officers' mistaken orders at Navy Point to destroy stores and a partially constructed ship, to prevent capture by the British.

The buildup continued. In the fall of 1813, the Navy had moved its hospital off a ship and was temporarily renting the non-denominational meeting house from settler and preacher Edmund Luff. The next year a two-story hospital was constructed on land just north of the village and south of Mill Creek, on land that was bought from his father Samuel Luff. By the fall of 1814, Sackets Harbor was the third-largest population center in all of New York state, after Albany and New York City.

Until the federal government established the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, it had several schools for the training of midshipmen. Commodore Isaac Chauncey, writing to the Secretary of the Navy on November 30, 1814, described a school established at Sacket's Harbor on Lake Ontario in that year:

"Sir. I have the pleasure to inform you that I have established a Mathematical School under the direction of my Chaplain the Revd. Mr. Felch who is fully competent to the duties of such a School. More than One hundred Officers attend this School, as they can be spared from duty and about Sixty Lieutenants and Midshipmen attend daily who make great progress in the various branches of Mathematics Navigation. etc."

The end of the war came in 1815 before the Navy completed construction of the last warship, the USS New Orleans. She was put into storage and never completed. She was finally scrapped in 1883.

19th through 20th centuries
The military recognized the continued importance of Sackets Harbor's strategic location. The Navy Shipyard operated until 1874, building ships such as USRC Active (1843), a revenue cutter. In 1848 a new Sackets Harbor Naval Station was constructed. After 1884, the base was used mostly for training.

The Army took over privately owned land of Samuel Luff just north of the village to build Madison Barracks (c. 1814–1819). Well into the late 19th century, this was a substantial military installation; the Army added new construction including housing, a school, a hospital, stables for horses, and supporting infrastructure. Ulysses S. Grant was among the officers who served here. During World War I, the base was used primarily as a hospital post, and in World War II as a training post.

Madison Barracks has been designated as an Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The New York State Museum of Military History calls it "a living museum of military architecture". Forts :: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center Comprising the northeastern quarter of the village, the Madison Barracks is being slowly redeveloped as a planned commercial/residential area. The New York City consortium Fort Pike Associates holds title to unsold land in the complex.

In July 2017, the 24 acre Horse Island, located just west of the village, was acquired for preservation by the Civil War Trust, aided by a grant from the National Park Service. It was the site of a War of 1812 engagement. This was the first time in the US that a grant from the American Battlefield Land Grant program has been used to preserve a War of 1812 site.

Sackets Harbor developed as an important Great Lakes port through most of the 19th century. Commercial shipyards were built that adjoined Navy Point. In 1817 a local consortium of military officers and businessmen—General Jacob Brown, Commodore Melancthon Taylor Woolsey, Charles Smyth, Eric Lusher, Elisha Camp, Samuel F. Hooker, and Hunter Crane—financed the construction of the 240-ton Ontario. It was the first US steamboat to be built west of the Hudson River and operated on the Great Lakes. This was the beginning of extensive steamboat traffic on the Great Lakes, including passenger boats that stopped at towns around the lakes.

On July 12, 1834, Louis Hooker, a son of Samuel Hooker, was aboard the schooner Illinois from Sackets Harbor when it was the first commercial ship to enter Chicago harbor, a sign of what was soon to be greatly increased Great Lakes trade with that city and region. Samuel F. Hooker and his sons had shipping interests in Sackets Harbor with national networks; their firm had steamboats based in Louisville, Kentucky. These were part of the Mississippi River trade to and from New Orleans, a major port and one of the wealthiest cities in the nation before the American Civil War. Thus Hooker and similar upstate New York businessmen gained some of their wealth from the domestic slave trade, as Louisville was a major shipping point for slaves sold to New Orleans markets and the Deep South.

As cities industrialized and major economic development moved West, from 1870–1930 the village became a popular destination for families taking lengthy summer vacations. It attracted visitors from Chicago and other major cities around the Great Lakes, many of whom had family who had lived in Sackets Harbor before the mid-19th century westward migration. Some maintained second homes in historic properties of the village.

In the early 21st century, heritage tourism and summer recreation have been renewed sources of growth for the village. Navy Point is a marina providing moorings and facilities for private boats.

The Elisha Camp House, Galloo Island Light, Madison Barracks, Sackets Harbor Battlefield, Sackets Harbor Village Historic District, and Union Hotel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Frances Bible, opera singer
 * American military officer and explorer Zebulon Pike was buried in Sackets Harbor after his death in combat at the Battle of York in 1813. His remains were interred with honors at the military cemetery on Dodge Avenue. A namesake warship, USS General Pike, was built and launched at Sackets Harbor before the end of that year.
 * Brigadier General and former U.S. Representative from Maryland Leonard Covington, who also perished in 1813, at the Battle of Crysler's Farm.
 * Colonel Elisha Camp founded and built historic Camp Manor in 1811. He also served the US Army in the War of 1812 as one of its Quartermasters under General Jacob Brown.
 * President Ulysses S. Grant served two tours of duty at Madison Barracks in Sackets Harbor as a junior army officer.
 * General Mark Wayne Clark was born at the Madison Barracks.
 * Bartender Jerry Thomas, considered "the father of American mixology," was born in Sackets Harbor in 1830.
 * Wisconsin State Assemblyman and Senator Hobart Sterling Sacket was born in Sackets Harbor in 1844.
 * Wisconsin State Assemblyman Samuel Ryan, Jr., was born in Sackets Harbor in 1824.
 * Martha Foote Crow, writer, literary scholar and pioneer in women's higher education in the United States, was born in Sackets Harbor in 1854.

Additional facts

 * Company B of the United States Regiment of Dragoons, which is today 2nd Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment, was organized at Sackets Harbor on July 29, 1833. It moved west to join the rest of the regiment at Jefferson Barracks, Lemay, Missouri, arriving September 6, 1833.
 * The World War II tanker, the SS Sackets Harbor, was named after the village.
 * Sackets Harbor is the hometown of "Funny Cide", the famous gelding owned by Sackatoga Stable. In 2003 he won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes, making him a contender for the Triple Crown, but lost the Belmont.
 * The village is the setting for American Girl's Caroline Abbott doll, introduced in 2013, and her stories, which are set during the War of 1812.

Geography
Sackets Harbor is located at 43.94639°N, -76.11778°W (43.946503, −76.117758).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 5.7 km2, of which 0.01 sqkm, or 0.26%, are water. The village is on Black River Bay, southwest of the mouth of the Black River, on Lake Ontario. Its protected harbor was critical to the founding and early history of the village. Much of Lake Ontario was gouged out of rock by glaciers. There were few protected harbors on the south shore deep enough for major shipping in the early 19th century.

New York State Route 3 passes east of the village, which is at the convergence of County Roads 62 (Sulphur Springs Road) and 75 (Adams Road/Dodge Avenue). Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, is 10 mi to the east, and Henderson Harbor is 9 mi to the southwest.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,386 people, 653 households, and 370 families residing in the village. The population density was 609.1 PD/sqmi. There were 791 housing units at an average density of 347.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.26% White, 0.43% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.73% of the population.

There were 653 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.3% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.72.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 37.7% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $42,629, and the median income for a family was $51,397. Males had a median income of $33,696 versus $26,917 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,269. About 5.8% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Sackets Harbor Central School District provides public education in the area, and operates a high school and elementary school.

title: Sackets Harbor, New York


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West Carthage, New York

West Carthage is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,780 at the 2020 census.

West Carthage is in the town of Champion, next to the eastern town line, and is east of Watertown. West Carthage is adjacent to the village of Carthage and is south of Fort Drum.

History
Settlement began circa 1798 with a ferry service and tavern established at that location, but development was slower compared to Carthage on the other side of the Black River in spite of water power available to both communities.

The village was incorporated in 1889, yet the early village government encountered notable resistance to obtaining funds for development.

Geography
West Carthage is located in eastern Jefferson County at 43.97368°N, -75.62135°W, in the town of Champion. Its northeastern boundary follows the Black River, across which is the village of Carthage in the town of Wilna. The southeastern boundary of the village is the Jefferson/Lewis County line, with the town of Denmark as the village's neighbor.

According to the United States Census Bureau, West Carthage has a total area of 3.6 km2, of which 3.36 km2 are land and 0.25 km2, or 6.96%, are water.

West Carthage is at the junction of New York State Route 26 and New York State Route 126. Route 26 leads northwest 6 mi to Great Bend and southeast 15 mi to Lowville, while Route 126 leads west 15 miles to Watertown, the Jefferson county seat.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,102 people, 830 households, and 557 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,758.3 PD/sqmi. There were 915 housing units at an average density of 765.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 89.34% White, 4.14% African American, 0.81% Native American, 1.81% Asian, 0.29% Pacific Islander, 1.57% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.38% of the population.

There were 830 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,156, and the median income for a family was $34,609. Males had a median income of $33,043 versus $18,971 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,915. About 9.2% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Thomas D. Homan, former acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
 * Casey Powell, lacrosse player
 * Michael Powell, lacrosse player
 * Ryan Powell, lacrosse player

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: West Carthage, New York


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Wilna, New York

Wilna is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 5,732 at the 2020 census. The town is on the eastern side of the county and is east of Watertown.

History
The town was first settled around 1798 at the location of the future village of Carthage. The town of Wilna was officially established in 1813 from parts of the town of Le Ray and the Lewis County town of Leyden. The origin of the name of the town is obscure, although it is alleged to be named after the German and Polish spelling ("Wilno") of Vilnius, in commemoration of the French occupation of Vilnius in 1812.

Wood's Grist Mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 205.9 km2, of which 203.6 km2 are land and 2.3 km2, or 1.10%, are water. The Black River flows along the southwest border of the town, and the Indian River is in the north.

The northern half of the town's area is within the Fort Drum Military Reservation.

New York State Route 3 and New York State Route 3A are east-west highways.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,235 people, 2,335 households, and 1,639 families residing in the town. The population density was 79.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,658 housing units at an average density of 33.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 92.83% White, 2.92% African American, 0.72% Native American, 0.91% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 1.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.10% of the population.

There were 2,335 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,103, and the median income for a family was $35,022. Males had a median income of $29,119 versus $19,655 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,556. About 15.7% of families and 20.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Wilna

 * Carthage – A village located at the southern end of the town on NY-3 by the Black River.
 * Cowan Corners – A location west of Natural Bridge.
 * Deferiet – A village along the southwestern town line on NY-3A by the Black River.
 * DeVoice Corners – A location at the intersection of County Routes 40 and 42.
 * Doolins Crossing – A location by the northwestern town line, within Fort Drum.
 * Fargo – A location by the Fort Drum reservation boundary on NY-3.
 * Fort Drum – Part of the military reservation occupies the northern part of the town.
 * Gates Corners – A location inside Fort Drum on NY-3.
 * Herrings – A hamlet and census-designated place on the southwestern town line on NY-3 by the Black River.
 * Hewitt Park – A location north of Carthage on NY-3.
 * Hubbards Crossing – A location in the western part of the town, within Fort Drum.
 * Karter Crossing – A location in the eastern part of Wilna, near North Croghan.
 * Mt. Quillen – A hill north of Carthage.
 * Natural Bridge – A hamlet and census-designated place by the eastern town line on NY-3.
 * North Croghan – A location by the eastern town line on County Road 40.
 * North Wilna – A location in the northern part of the town, within Fort Drum.
 * Ormistead Corners – A location in the southeastern part of Wilna on NY-3 at the junction of County Road 42.
 * Reedsville A location by the northwestern town line, within Fort Drum.
 * Woods Mills ("Woods Settlement") – A location in the southeastern part of Wilna, located inside Fort Drum.

title: Wilna, New York


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Worth, New York

Worth is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 231 at the 2010 census. The town is named after William Worth, a commander of troops during the Battle of Sackett's Harbor.

The town of Worth is located in the southeastern corner of the county and is south of Watertown.

History
The town was first settled circa 1802. Difficulties in successful settlement and the War of 1812 led to a partial abandonment of the town.

The town was created by separation from the town of Lorraine in 1848. An earlier attempt to form this town was disrupted by the War of 1812.

Worth attained its greatest population in 1900, at 2,895.

Geography
Worth stands on the northwest side of the Tug Hill Plateau. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 112.2 km2, of which 111.9 km2 are land and 0.2 km2, or 0.20%, are water.

The southern town line is the border of Oswego County, and the eastern (and part of the northern) town line is the border of Lewis County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 234 people, 96 households, and 67 families residing in the town. The population density was 5.4 people per square mile (2.1/km2). There were 259 housing units at an average density of 6.0 per square mile (2.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.59% White, 3.42% African American, and 2.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population.

There were 96 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,028, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $23,636 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,584. About 9.5% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 26.3% of those 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Worth

 * Bullock Corners – A location in the northwestern corner of Worth, west of Worth village.
 * Diamond – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town on County Road 95. The community was once called "South Woods".
 * Frederick Corners – A hamlet near the western town line at County Roads 93 and 95.
 * Lorraine Gulf – A valley in the northwestern part of Worth.
 * Seven by Nine Corners – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town on County Road 96.
 * Stears Corners – A hamlet near the western town line on County Road 96.
 * South Sandy Creek – A stream flowing through the northern part of Worth.
 * Worth (previously called "Worthville" and "Wilcoxs Corners") – A hamlet on County Road 189 in the northwestern corner of the town.
 * Worth Center – A hamlet southeast of Worth village, located on County Road 93.

title: Worth, New York


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Castorland, New York

Castorland is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States; it is north of Lowville and southeast of Carthage. The population was 360 in 2019.

History
The village name means "Land of the Beaver". The name stems from a colony of refugees from the French Revolution, established in 1792 to provide a new home away from the violence in France. The land, 210000 acre, was originally part of Macomb's Purchase. It was purchased by La Compagnie de New York. "Castorland" is a literal translation of the old Indian name of the area, Couch-sach-ra-ga. Due to many reverses, including harsh winters, poor planning, and loss of livestock and funds, the colony was dissolved in 1814. Many of the original settlers from the Castorland colony returned to Europe or moved to larger communities.

Geography
Castorland is located in the southeast corner of the town of Denmark at 43.8875°N, -75.51389°W (43.887379, -75.514002), on ground rising above the west side of the valley of the Black River, near the point where the Beaver River enters from the east. The village is located on New York State Route 410. The village of Croghan is 7 mi east, Lowville is 8 mi to the south, and Carthage is 9 mi to the northwest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Castorland has a total area of 0.8 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 306 people, 115 households, and 74 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,084.5 PD/sqmi. There were 136 housing units at an average density of 482.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.06% White, 0.65% African American, 0.33% Asian, 0.33% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.

There were 115 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $35,714 versus $16,806 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,101. About 1.4% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.0% of those 65 or over.

The Castorland Medal
In 1796 the Paris Mint struck a half dollar-sized token (jeton) to commemorate the "Franco-American Colony". Since that time numerous restrikes have been made and remain commercially available to collectors. While listed in A Guide Book of United States Coins, it was not intended for circulation.

title: Castorland, New York


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Constableville, New York

Constableville is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 242 at the 2010 census. The village is named after William Constable, the son of an early landowner.

The village is within the town of West Turin and is north of Rome.

History
The village is the site of the first settlement in the town of West Turin, taking place circa 1796.

The Constableville Village Historic District, Jonathan C. Collins House and Cemetery, and Constable Hall are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Constable Hall, a restored 19th century mansion with original furnishings, was built out of limestone.

Geography
Constableville is located in the eastern part of the town of West Turin at 43.56472°N, -75.42583°W (43.564642, -75.425883). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.9 km2, all of it recorded as land. The Sugar River, a tributary of the Black River, runs through the village.

Constableville is on New York State Route 26, which leads north 17 mi to Lowville, the county seat, and south 26 mi to Rome.

Adjacent communities
Constableville is northeast of Mohawk Hill, southwest of Collinsville, and west of Locust Grove.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 305 people, 125 households, and 79 families residing in the village. The population density was 272.4 PD/sqmi. There were 154 housing units at an average density of 137.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.33% of the population.

There were 125 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $47,083. Males had a median income of $48,438 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,140. About 11.8% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.8% of those 65 or over.

Today
Today Constableville is home to 240 plus residents, a gas station/grocery store, a diner, 2 restaurant and bars (The Alpine and Whiskey Jacks), a winery (Roads End Orchards), an antique store, 2 Churches, a Volunteer Fire and Ambulance Department. The village hosts flywheels and pulleys and the C-Ville Fire Department field days yearly

title: Constableville, New York


text:
Copenhagen, New York

Copenhagen is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. The village is situated between Watertown and Lowville. The population was 631 at the 2020 census. The village is named after Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark.

Copenhagen is in the town of Denmark and is northwest of Lowville.

History
Copenhagen was formerly known as "Mungers Mills" until 1807 when the locals elected to change their name to Copenhagen out of sympathy for the Danish capital who was facing bombardment at the time by the British Royal Navy. Copenhagen was incorporated on February 22, 1896, and celebrated its 150th anniversary in August 2019 with 3 days of festivities.

Pinckney Corners Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Geography
Copenhagen is located in the western part of the town of Denmark at 43.89306°N, -75.6725°W (43.893078, -75.672474). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.0 km2, all land. The Deer River, a tributary of the Black River, flows through the village. The river passes over High Falls at the eastern border of the village.

Copenhagen is on New York State Route 12, Main Street, south of the Jefferson County line. Route 12 leads northwest 14 mi to Watertown and southeast 12 mi to Lowville, the Lewis county seat.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 865 people, 318 households, and 237 families residing in the village. The population density was 720.0 PD/sqmi. There were 383 housing units at an average density of 318.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 94.91% White, 1.27% African American, 0.23% Native American, 1.85% from other races, and 1.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.77% of the population.

There were 318 households, out of which 42.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,273, and the median income for a family was $35,781. Males had a median income of $30,147 versus $25,156 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,780. About 10.8% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.

For the population 25 years and over in Copenhagen:

 * High school or higher: 84.1%
 * Bachelor's degree or higher: 9.7%
 * Graduate or professional degree: 1.3%
 * Unemployed: 9.4%
 * Mean travel time to work: 22.7 minutes
 * For population 15 years and over in Copenhagen village
 * Never married: 24.1%
 * Now married: 59.2%
 * Separated: 4.4%
 * Widowed: 6.2%
 * Divorced: 6.2%

Population change in the 1990s: -14 (-1.6%).

Most common industries for males (%):

 * Public administration (20%)
 * Construction (11%)
 * Paper (9%)
 * Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (7%)
 * Educational services (5%)
 * Food and beverage stores (4%)
 * Truck transportation (4%)

Most common industries for females (%):

 * Educational services (17%)
 * Health care (17%)
 * Public administration (12%)
 * Food and beverage stores (10%)
 * Accommodation and food services (8%)
 * Department and other general merchandise stores (5%)
 * Social assistance (5%)

Most common occupations for males: (%)

 * Law enforcement workers including supervisors (9%)
 * Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers (9%)
 * Other production occupations including supervisors (7%)
 * Electrical equipment mechanics and other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations including supervisors (6%)
 * Agricultural workers including supervisors (6%)
 * Driver/sales workers and truck drivers (6%)
 * Other management occupations except farmers and farm managers (5%)

Most common occupations for females (%)

 * Cashiers (13%)
 * Secretaries and administrative assistants (8%)
 * Information and record clerks except customer service representatives (8%)
 * Health technologists and technicians (7%)
 * Other management occupations except farmers and farm managers (7%)
 * Waiters and waitresses (4%)
 * Child care workers (3%)

title: Copenhagen, New York


text:
Denmark, New York

Denmark is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States, named after the Kingdom of Denmark in northern Europe. The population was 2,626 at the 2020 census, down from 2,860 at the 2010 census. The town is on the northwestern border of Lewis County and lies east of Watertown.

History
The town of Denmark was first settled around 1800.

The town was formed in 1807 from the town of Harrisburg.

Notable people

 * Moss Kent Dickinson, Canadian businessman, mayor of Ottawa, founder of the town of Manotick, and member of the Parliament of Canada
 * Chester Hazen, American politician and businessman
 * Albert Clark Wedge, American politician and physician

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 51.0 sqmi, of which 50.6 sqmi are land and 0.4 sqmi (0.84%) are water.

The northwestern town line is the border of Jefferson County, and the Black River forms the eastern town boundary. The Deer River, running through the northern part of the town, is a tributary of the Black River.

Both New York State Route 12 and New York State Route 26 run in a northwest to southeast direction through the town, paralleling the Black River. New York State Route 410 passes across the southeastern corner of the town.

Demographics
According to the census of the year 2000, there were 2,747 people, 977 households, and 753 families in the town of Denmark. The population density was 54.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,149 housing units at an average density of 22.7 per square mile (8.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.76% White, 0.51% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.84% from other races, and 1.42% of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.82% of the population.

There were 977 households, out of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.1% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of singles, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,696, and the median income for a family was $45,046. Males had a median income of $33,147 versus $22,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,960. About 7.9% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those aged 65 or more.

Communities and locations in Denmark

 * Briggs Corners – A hamlet west of Castorland village on NY-410.
 * Cameron Corners – A hamlet near the northern town line, east of Copenhagen village.
 * Castorland – The village of Castorland is near the eastern town line on NY-410 and the Black River.
 * Clark Corners – A hamlet southeast of Copenhagen on NY-12.
 * Copenhagen – The village of Copenhagen is on NY-12 and the Deer River in the northwestern part of the town. It was formerly called "Munger Mills".
 * Deer River – A hamlet north of Denmark village, formerly called Frenchs Mills. The community is located on NY-26 and the Deer River.
 * Deer River Station – A location east of Deer River near the Black River.
 * Denmark – The hamlet of Denmark on NY-26.
 * High Falls – A waterfall south of Copenhagen on the Deer River.
 * Kings Falls – A waterfall south of High Falls on the Deer River.

title: Denmark, New York


text:
Diana, New York

Diana is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 1,709 at the 2010 census. The town is on the northeastern border of the county and is located northeast of Watertown. The northwestern section of Diana is in the Fort Drum military reservation.

History
The town of Diana was established from part of the town of Watson in 1830. In 1841, part of the town was used to help establish the town of Croghan. It was named after the Roman goddess Diana.

The Alpina Archeological District and Lewisburg Archeological District were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Notable person

 * Joseph Bonaparte, the older brother of Napoleon, spent part of his exile living in the town near Natural Bridge. Lake Bonaparte in the northern part of the town is named after him.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 140.8 sqmi, of which 137.1 sqmi are land and 3.7 sqmi, or 2.63%, are water.

Part of the Fort Drum Military Reservation is in the northwestern reaches of the town.

The northeastern town line is the border of St. Lawrence County, and the eastern town line is the border of Herkimer County. The eastern part of the town is in the Adirondack Park.

New York State Route 3 passes across the town and links with New York State Route 812 south of Remington Center. The highways run conjointly near the northeastern town line.

The Indian River, part of the Oswegatchie River watershed, flows out the western side of Diana.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,661 people, 642 households, and 473 families residing in the town. The population density was 12.1 people per square mile (4.7/km2). There were 1,206 housing units at an average density of 8.8 per square mile (3.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.11% White, 0.06% African American, 1.14% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 642 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,900, and the median income for a family was $39,563. Males had a median income of $35,450 versus $21,813 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,916. About 8.8% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Diana

 * Alpina – A location west of Lake Bonaparte, now inside Fort Drum.
 * Bartlett Corners – A location east of Diana Center.
 * Birch Island – An island in Lake Bonaparte.
 * Blanchard Corners – A location east of Diana Center.
 * Diana Center – A hamlet in the western part of the town on NY-3.
 * Harrisville – The former village of Harrisville, now a hamlet, is in the northeastern part of the town, located on combined routes NY-3 and NY-812.
 * Kimball Mill – A hamlet south of Harrisville.
 * Lake Bonaparte (lake) – A lake in the northern part of Diana.
 * Lake Bonaparte – A hamlet on the south shore of Lake Bonaparte.
 * Lewisburg (formerly, "Louisburg" and "Sterlingbush") – A hamlet in the northwestern corner of Diana, now inside Fort Drum.
 * Middle Branch Corners – A location in the eastern part of the town.
 * Natural Bridge – A hamlet at the western town line.
 * Oswegatchie Corners – A location northwest of Kimball Mill on NY-812.
 * Remington Corners – A hamlet southwest of Harrisville village on NY-3.
 * Rices Corners – A location at the northern tip of the town at the town line.
 * Round Island – An island at the western end of Bonaparte Lake.
 * Tinney Corners – A location in the eastern part of the town, south of Middle Branch Corners.
 * Tyler Corners – A location southwest of Remington Corners on NY-3.

title: Diana, New York


text:
Talk:Experimental cancer treatment

Reovirus
I've been following this company with interest for some time now:  I'm surprised they're not listed on this page. Does it belong somewhere else or should it be added? 97.126.250.119 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 22:26, 30 July 2009 (UTC).

 * I have been editing the Oncolytic Virus page where reovirus as a therapy is detailed. Perhaps this page could benefit from a section on oncolytic viruses in general? I already tried to add it but it was removed, I would appreciate some discussion on it. Viraltonic (talk) 02:01, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

Unregistered user's POV changes
I see that some changes I made a couple of months ago have been reverted. There's a whole lot of POV stuff in here, and the material is lifted wholesale from an external source (which, I might add, is linked twice in the footnotes). I'm going to clean it up. Rhombus

---

Gene therapy
 * totally blank here! that's a surprise...

The recently added "CAM" section in this article suffers a deficit of concrete facts which mentions "therapies" and "substances" but should mention some particular techniques, to at least orient the reader, and should mention those that are specific to cancer (the main article Complementary and alternative methods also suffers such problems). I have attempted to rewrite the section as less of a sales pitch for CAM and more factually oriented, but it still needs more work. -- Lexor 08:48, 3 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Rife's "Beam Ray"
I recently learned about another 'dubious' cancer treatment that deserves mention here. Royal Raymond Rife invented a "Beam Ray" that has unfortunately become somewhat popular again. Google for 'Rife' and cancer and you'll see what I'm talking about. Anyone (knowledgable) care to add an entry? I guess I could take a shot, but I'd prefer not to. --Dan 18:34, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hm. That's a new one to me.  While it may be appropriate to mention the most prominent crackpot theories in this article, I was under the impression that it was really meant for the more mainstream or 'serious' avenues for research.  If we wanted to incorporate a blurb on every single dubious theory, this article would get awfully big.  Perhaps we should have a List of alternative cancer therapies, or something...? --TenOfAllTrades(talk) 21:51, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Insulin potentiation therapy
I reverted additions to the section on IPT that suggested that the University of Illinois had proven the mechanism of action of IPT, and the implication that efficacy had been demonstrated. Although some IPT practitioners may have received degrees (MD, PhD) at the University of Illinois, I haven't seen evidence from UI supporting IPT itself.

The quoted statement from the NCCAM "The most likely positive outcome would be to show that this therapy is as good as standard chemotherapy but significantly less toxic, which would be a major contribution to humanity and medicine" is misleading—that is a testable hypothetical outcome, rather than any statement of efficacy. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 14:28, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Are Alternative Treatments really "Experimental"?
The Gerson Diet and Insulin Potentiation Therapy are alternative cancer treatments. I have seen nothing experimental about them. They are not part of formal Phase 1-4 trials or translational research. It is doubtful that these or any other alternative therapies should qualify for inclusion on this page. Delete? Jellytussle 00:07, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Angiostatic based treatments
How is this still listed as an experimental cancer treatment? Avastin (bevacizumab) was shown to produce a survival advantage in advanced colon cancer in a phase III trial. Should this paragraph be deleted from the article? —Brim 02:58, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * This whole page needs critical review. See also my comments above. Jellytussle 17:01, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Merge from Alternative Cancer Treatments
I found the page in question at Special:Deadendpages. I don't know how useful the content is, but if you feel it would help this article, please include some of it here. After the merge is done, the other page can be changed to a redirect. - Bobet 21:41, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagree. Neither page is satisfactory, but the merge would not help. Firstly, alternative cancer treatments are rarely experimental. This is due to lack of scientific rationale, and lack of clinical trial intent, let alone clinical trial data. As such, several of the paras in this page should be trimmed out. Re the current page, it might be better if the "experimental treatments" are discussed under a more general heading of Cancer research, possibly with a section on Translational research, phase 1 & 2 trials, new classes of drugs etc.Jellytussle 22:37, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Disagree with merge. Some of the alternative content here should be moved to that page.-- John DO | Speak your mind  11:07, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

I am a little confused about the purpose of this page vs. the alternative cancer treatments page. It seems that the idea is that experimental cancer treatments are being designed with the intent of FDA approval, and are based in science, whereas alternative cancer treatments are not necessarily based in conventional science or on the pathway to FDA approval. However the definition in this article is "non FDA approved cancer treatment" and the definition for the alt cancer treatments is "cancer treatments that have not been approved by the government agencies responsible for the regulation of therapeutic goods." That seems pretty similar. In addition, several of the things on this page, including hyperthermia, are indeed FDA approved. Theyellowdart22 (talk) 01:08, 13 November 2019 (UTC)

 * The "definition" was boldly added by a new editor and is wrong. I've removed it.  However, the general idea is correct, if you are looking at it specifically at a point in time.  Every normal cancer treatment that we have today was "experimental" from the day it was first created until the day that the FDA/EMA/similar agencies around the world declared that it was "approved". WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:19, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

Cleaning the article out
Much of this article is outdated. Some of it belonged at Alternative cancer treatments. As a first effort, I have removed any drug that isn't currently being studied (i.e., with curative intent, not to manage side effects or for other purposes) according to https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search/

If anyone else wants to take a similar approach to other sections, I think that would be helpful.

Overall, IMO this article needs a little less about specific individual drugs and more about general concepts (e.g., p53 activation as a category of research, and maybe link to a few specific drugs as a passing mention). WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:25, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

Please update with: new and missing experimental treatments
Please update the article with info from/about these studies / their researched categories of experimental treatments. They are currently included in 2022 in science like so:

Progress in the treatment of cancer: A very small trial shows complete remission of a type of colorectal cancer without surgery and radiation in all 12 patients. On the same day, results of a trial show that trastuzumab deruxtecan therapy for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer exceeded results from chemotherapy. The synthesis of ERX-41, a novel compound that has shown promise in eliminating cancer cells, is reported (2 June). Researchers describe a new light-activated 'photoimmunotherapy' for brain cancer in vitro. They believe it could join surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy as a fifth major form of cancer treatment (16 June).

 * There's probably also quite a few other types / categories of treatments described/demonstrated to notable level in trials/studies that are missing.

 * The section "Studying treatments for cancer" could also have some more info about how, who, where, to what extent, by what means and why such treatments are studied – for example how it's funded, the needs/motivations for doing so, metascience identified problems & open questions such as reproducibility issues, 21st Century Cures Act and diagrams (maybe via Scholia or OpenAlex).

 * Please also see my related & similar proposal at Talk:Cancer biomarker

 * I agree with User:WhatamIdoing that "Cleaning the article out" is needed. Somebody should update the included info.

 * I'd suggest some publicly-funded non-profit independent cancer-related organization/researcher (e.g. NHS, WHO, NCI, EORTC, etc) gets tasked with updating, maintaining and cleaning the article but other people could do this instead (instead of only additionally).

 * It is missing info on useful/efficacious/potentially efficacious sometimes well-researched options of "Complementary and alternative treatments". If they are only useful in combination and/or in combination with more conventional/more intensive treatments they can be informed about in this section. Here I'm also referring to (various ultimately specific applications of) AMPK and cancer, and Diet and cancer.

 * Once the article is in a good state, it should get far more views from people interested in this which I think are far more than the ~500 per month currently reading the article. Not sure how it would be achieved, maybe increasing the quality of the article makes it more visible to search engines. It may also require good redirects, wikilinks from other articles, and so on instead or additionally too.

 * At least once the article is in a good state, Treatment of cancer should properly inform about basically all of the article's content in a brief way, Maybe transcluding the first paragraph of most sections would be a good solution here, at least it would be good to not leave out various specific experimental treatments instead of at least naming them and not to have relatively excessive details on some other specific treatments.

Please comment what you think below.

Prototyperspective (talk) 14:28, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

 * From a quick look none of these sources meet the required WP:MEDRS standard for biomedical content. Some drugs (e.g. dostarlimab) already have entire articles. So yes, I too would agree some "cleaning out" would help. Alexbrn (talk) 14:42, 3 August 2022 (UTC)
 * This isn't necessarily about the specific studies but more about their category of treatments. The info could still be included if reviews have info about these categories of treatments and/or if a medical organization like the WHO reviews+informs about them.
 * For example, for the first study, the article could briefly mention that PD-1-blockade and/or (types of) antibodies(/antibody-drug conjugates) are being researched with a MEDRS source...maybe even also mentioning the medication in specific if there is a MEDRS source.
 * The point of this article basically (i.e. at least one of its points) is that there's not articles about experimental cancer treatments buried somewhere in WP, but that these are integrated, aggregated and made findable here (this doesn't mean that all relevant WP-articles down to each and every potential medications/protocols/targets/... are linked here – especially not as a plain nonnested list – of course). Prototyperspective (talk) 15:04, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Experimental cancer treatment


text:
Greig, New York

Greig is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States, named after Congressman John Greig. The town was founded in 1828 from land taken from the town of Watson. Originally named "Brantingham", the town changed to its present name in 1832. Brantingham still survives as a hamlet within the boundaries of Greig, as a postal identity and for Brantingham Lake, to the east of town. As of the 2010 census, the population of Greig was 1,199.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 94.4 sqmi, of which 93.0 sqmi is land and 1.4 sqmi, or 1.48%, are water.

The eastern town line is the border of Herkimer County, and the western town line is defined by the Black River.

The eastern half of the town is inside the Adirondack Park.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,365 people, 533 households, and 386 families residing in the town. The population density was 14.7 people per square mile (5.7/km2). There were 1,260 housing units at an average density of 13.6 per square mile (5.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.90% White, 0.07% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 533 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,179, and the median income for a family was $39,028. Males had a median income of $32,596 versus $22,857 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,838. About 4.7% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Greig

 * Brantingham – A hamlet near the center of the town, located inside the Adirondack Park.
 * Brantingham Lake – A lake east of Brantingham and its residences.
 * Catspaw Lake – A small lake north of Brantingham and its residences.
 * Little Pine Lake – A small lake located south of Pine Lake.
 * East Pine Pond – A 13 acre pond located east of Pine Lake.
 * Glenfield – A hamlet at the western town line, at the Black River.
 * Greig – The hamlet of Greig is in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Otter Creek – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town, north of Greig village.
 * Pine Lake – A lake located east of Brantingham, near the eastern town line.

title: Greig, New York


text:
Harrisburg, New York

Harrisburg is a rural small town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 437 at the 2010 census. The town is in the northwestern part of the county, northwest of Lowville, the county seat.

History
Settlement began before 1812.

The town of Harrisburg (originally "Harrisburgh") was formed in 1803 from the towns of Lowville, Champion (in Jefferson County), and Mexico (in Oswego County). After its formation, Harrisburg gave up land to form the town of Denmark (1807) and the town of Pinckney (1808).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.9 sqmi, of which 0.03 sqmi, or 0.08%, are water.

New York State Route 177 crosses the town (east-west), and New York State Route 26 passes along the eastern part of the town. New York State Route 12 is an east–west highway through the middle of Harrisburg.

The Deer River flows northward from the northwestern section of Harrisburg.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 423 people, 139 households, and 102 families residing in the town. The population density was 10.6 people per square mile (4.1/km2). There were 201 housing units at an average density of 5.0 per square mile (1.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.11% White, 0.47% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.24% of the population.

There were 139 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.73.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,750, and the median income for a family was $37,250. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $21,071 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,785. About 11.9% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.0% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Harrisburg

 * Bellwood – A hamlet on NY-177 in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Harrisburg – The hamlet of Harrisburg is on NY-12 in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Windecker – A hamlet on NY-177 in the southeastern section of the town.

title: Harrisburg, New York


text:
Harrisville, New York

Harrisville is a hamlet and former village in Lewis County, New York, United States. The community is now a census-designated place. The population was 628 at the 2010 census.

Harrisville is in the northeastern part of the town of Diana and is south of Gouverneur.

On May 15, 2018, residents voted to dissolve the village by a vote of 112–70, and it took effect on December 31, 2018. As of the 2019 American Community Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau still lists Harrisville as a village.

History
In 1815, Joseph Bonaparte, elder brother of Napoleon I and former King of Spain, purchased a tract of land from James Le Ray, part of which became the town of Diana. Harrisville, the largest community in the town, takes its name from Foskit Harris, who settled there in 1833. Harris constructed a sawmill and gristmill, harnessing the West Branch of the Oswegatchie River for power to operate the mills. When early settlers discovered that the landlord John LaFarge, from whom La Fargeville, New York, takes its name, had acquired title to Bonaparte's land, they abandoned the area, and Harrisville languished for 20 years.

In 1859, Samuel H. Beach and William R. Dodge built a massive tannery on the east side of the river. The 228 ft structure had 160 vats and was capable of turning out 40,000 sides of sole leather per year. In 1879, David Botchford and Co. acquired the tannery, which closed in 1902.

By 1880 Harrisville had become the commercial and industrial center of the town of Diana. The abundant natural resource of forests and water shaped industrial development and served to attract investors and residents supported by a chair factory, a sash and door factory, and several active lumber dealers. In addition, carriage makers, blacksmiths, a harness shop, and numerous general merchandise stores and retail service establishments such as barbershops and hotels supported community development.

The Carthage & Adirondack Railroad came to Harrisville in 1887, replacing the earlier, unsuccessful Black River & St. Lawrence Railroad, which had relied on maple rails to support heavy locomotives. The Carthage & Adirondack transported leather, lumber, and paper from Harrisville mills. As a common carrier, the railroad also brought visitors to Lake Bonaparte and other vacation spots in the northern Adirondacks. The depot is now home to the Town of Diana Historical Museum.

Around 1905, the Diana Paper Company built a mill on the Botchford Tannery's former location. The mill primarily produced paper for magazines and catalogs. During World War I, the company experienced financial difficulty because of unfavorable wood contracts. After years of struggle, the company filed for bankruptcy in 1927. St. Regis Paper Company acquired the mill and ran it until 1954, when the Harrisville Paper Company bought it. The mill ceased operations in 1957.

Geography
Harrisville is located in the northern part of the town of Diana, along the northern boundary of Lewis County at 44.15223°N, -75.31973°W. It is bordered to the north by the town of Pitcairn in St. Lawrence County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2010 the village had a total area of 2.15 km2, of which 2.03 km2 were land and 0.12 km2, or 5.56%, are water.

Combined New York State Route 812 and New York State Route 3 pass through the community. Route 3 leads east 60 mi to Tupper Lake and west 34 mi to Watertown, while Route 812 leads south 30 mi to Lowville, the Lewis county seat, and north toward Gouverneur, 16 mi away. County Road 9 enters Harrisville from the south.

Harrisville is on the West Branch of the Oswegatchie River, which flows north to the St. Lawrence River at Ogdensburg.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 653 people, 266 households, and 172 families residing in the village. The population density was 849.6 PD/sqmi. There were 299 housing units at an average density of 389.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.93% White, 0.15% Native American, 0.31% Asian, and 0.61% from two or more races.

There were 266 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males. The median income for a household in the village was $30,833, and the median income for a family was $32,946. Males had a median income of $32,417 versus $19,545 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,652. About 12.6% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.2% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Harrisville, New York


text:
Lewis, Lewis County, New York

 * There is another Town of Lewis in Essex County, New York.

Lewis is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 854 at the 2010 census. The town is named after its county, which is named after former governor, Morgan Lewis.

Lewis is situated on the southern border of the county and is north of Rome. Most of the town's population lives in the southern section.

History
Settlement commenced circa 1800. Two families arrived in 1798, but left after approximately two years. Permanent settlers began appearing in 1799, and an influx of foreign settlers in 1831 helped populate the early town.

The town of Lewis was formed in 1852 from the towns of Leyden and West Turin.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 65.1 sqmi, of which 64.6 sqmi are land and 0.5 sqmi, or 0.83%, are water.

The southern town line is the border of Oneida County.

The headwaters of the Mohawk River are located in the eastern part of the town.

New York State Route 26 is a major north-south highway which passes through the eastern part of the town, where it intersects New York State Route 294 at West Leyden. The primary east-west route is County Road 46 (Osceola Road), which passes through the southern part of the town, connecting Leisher Mill to West Leyden.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 857 people, 296 households, and 224 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.2 people per square mile (5.1/km2). There were 440 housing units at an average density of 6.8 per square mile (2.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.30% White, 0.35% African American and 0.35% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.

There were 296 households, out of which 43.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.8% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,696, and the median income for a family was $40,667. Males had a median income of $28,813 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,256. About 9.7% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 18.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town

 * Fey Mill – A hamlet in the south central part of the town.
 * Fish Creek – (1) A hamlet near the northeastern town line. (2) A stream flowing out the southern part of Lewis.
 * Fish Creek Reservoir – A reservoir south of Swancott Mill.
 * Freeman Mill – A hamlet northwest of Parson Mill.
 * Parson Mill – A hamlet west of Fey Mill on County Road 46.
 * Prussian Settlement – A location west of West Leyden on County Road 46 at the intersection of Kirk Road. This location is marked by a few houses and a cemetery.
 * Sunset Corners – A location in the north central part of the town, north of Freeman Mill.
 * Swancott Mill – A hamlet on County Road 46 west of Freeman Mill.
 * Swancott Hill State Forest – A state forest tract by the southern town line, south of Swancott Mill.
 * West Leyden – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town on NY-26 near its intersection with NY-294 and County Roads 46 and 47.

title: Lewis, Lewis County, New York


text:
Leyden, New York

Leyden is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 1,785 at the 2010 census. The town is in the southern part of the county and is north of Rome.

History
Settlement began around 1794.

Leyden was formed from the town of Steuben (in Oneida County) in 1797. Leyden formed part of a tract called the "Inman Triangle".

The town of Leyden gave up much of its territory to form new towns such as Watson (1821) and Lewis (1852). Leyden was also partitioned to form the towns of Brownville (Jefferson County in 1802) and Boonville (Oneida County in 1805), and part of the town of Wilna (Jefferson County in 1813). Port Leyden in the town was a port on the former Black River Canal.

The town is named after the Dutch city Leiden.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Leyden has a total area of 33.5 sqmi, of which 33.3 sqmi are land and 0.2 sqmi, or 0.66%, are water.

The Black River marks the eastern town line, and the southern town boundary is the border of Oneida County.

New York State Route 12 and New York State Route 12D are principal north-south highways in the town. NY-12 runs closer to the Black River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,792 people, 676 households, and 488 families residing in the town. The population density was 53.8 PD/sqmi. There were 807 housing units at an average density of 24.2 per square mile (9.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.05% White, 0.22% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.17% from other races, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.

There were 676 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,489, and the median income for a family was $33,512. Males had a median income of $27,424 versus $20,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,252. About 13.9% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Leyden

 * Leyden Hill – A former community in the northern part of Leyden.
 * Locust Grove – A hamlet southwest of Port Leyden and on NY-12D.
 * The Narrows – A narrow part of the Black River channel.
 * Port Leyden – Most of the village of Port Leyden is at the eastern town line at the Black River and NY-12.
 * Talcottville – A hamlet west of Port Leyden and on NY-12D.

Notable people

 * Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey, ornithologist; born in Locust Grove in 1863
 * Wallace B. Douglas, Minnesota jurist, lawyer, and politician; born in Leyden

title: Leyden, New York


text:
Lyons Falls, New York

Lyons Falls is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 566 at the 2010 census. The village is on the border of the towns of West Turin and Lyonsdale. It is at the junction of state Routes 12 and 12D, approximately 14 mi south of Lowville, the county seat.

History
The village was at the northern end of the Black River Canal, when it was completed in 1858.

The Forest Presbyterian Church, Gould Mansion Complex, and The Pines are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Wildwood Cemetery and Mary Lyon Fisher Memorial Chapel was added in 2011.

Geography
Lyons Falls is located in southern Lewis County at 43.61694°N, -75.36167°W (43.616984, -75.361750). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.8 km2, of which 2.5 km2 are land and 0.3 km2, or 9.03%, are water. The village is situated at a 70 ft waterfall on the Black River, which flows northward through the village and is joined from the east just above the falls by the Moose River. Most of the village is in the town of West Turin, on the west side of the Black River, while a less densely developed part of the village, including Riverside Park, is in the town of Lyonsdale on the east side of the river.

New York State Route 12 passes through the west side of the village, leading north 14 mi to Lowville and south 10 mi to Boonville. Route 12D crosses Route 12 on an overpass, with connection via Cherry Street. 12D leads south to Boonville as well, following a more westerly 11 mi route.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 591 people, 238 households, and 157 families residing in the village. The population density was 602.1 PD/sqmi. There were 294 housing units at an average density of 299.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.82% White, 0.68% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.

There were 238 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $27,375, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $21,071 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,204. About 12.9% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lyons Falls, New York


text:
Lyonsdale, New York

Lyonsdale is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 1,227 at the 2010 census. The town is named after its principal community and its founder Caleb Lyon.

Lyonsdale is in the southeastern part of the county and is just north of Boonville.

History
The community of Lyonsdale was settled in 1819. Caleb Lyons, the town founder, was an advocate of the Black River Canal. The town was formed from the town of Greig in 1873. The traditional economy has been based on forest products, such as wood pulp.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 70.1 sqmi, of which 68.7 sqmi are land and 1.4 sqmi, or 2.00%, are water.

The western town line is the Black River and the town of Leyden. The eastern town line is the border of the town of Webb in Herkimer County, the southern town line is the border of the town of Boonville in Oneida County, and the northern town line is the border of the town of Greig.

Part of the town is in the Adirondack Park. The Moose River, a tributary of the Black River, flows through the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,273 people, 468 households, and 336 families residing in the town. The population density was 18.5 people per square mile (7.1/km2). There were 703 housing units at an average density of 10.2 per square mile (3.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.19% White, 0.86% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.31% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.

There were 468 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,321, and the median income for a family was $35,938. Males had a median income of $30,357 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,298. About 13.8% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.9% of those under age 18 and 21.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Lyonsdale

 * Fowlerville – A location on the Moose River east of the hamlet of Lyonsdale; it is inside the Adirondack Park on the Moose River.
 * Goulds Mill – A location southwest of the hamlet of Lyonsdale.
 * Kosterville – A location west of the hamlet of Lyonsdale.
 * Lyonsdale – The hamlet of Lyonsdale is east of the village of Lyons Falls and on the bank of the Moose River.
 * Lyons Falls – Part of the village of Lyons Falls, east of the Black River, is within the town of Lyonsdale.
 * Moose River Village – Solely within the Adirondack Park, this former hamlet is located on the Moose River Road, in the southeastern portion of the town next to the Moose River.
 * Mud Shanty Corners – A location where the Moose River Road, the North South Road, and the Wildcat Road intersect; east of the village of Port Leyden.
 * Port Leyden – Part of the village of Port Leyden, east of the Black River, is within the town of Lyonsdale.
 * Porters Corners – A location where the Moose River and Boonville Roads intersect, near the town's southern boundary.
 * Pennysettlement – A location northeast of the village of Port Leyden, inside the Adirondack Park.
 * Shuetown – A location west of the hamlet of Lyonsdale on the north side of the Moose River.

title: Lyonsdale, New York


text:
Martinsburg, New York

Martinsburg is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 1,433 at the 2010 census. The town is named after its founding father, General Walter Martin.

Martinsburg is in the west-central part of the county, south of Lowville, the county seat.

History
Settlers began arriving around 1801. Martinsburg was established from part of the town of Turin in 1803. When it was formed the town name was spelled "Martinsburgh". In 1819, the town was augmented by more of Turin.

The community of Martinsburg in the town was the county seat for Lewis County until 1864, when it moved to Lowville. The town hall in Martinsburg, built in 1812, is the site of the first county court session, held the same year. In 1839, it was the site of the only execution in the county.

The Gen. Walter Martin House and Martinsburg Town Hall are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Walter Hunt, inventor of the safety pin
 * Morgan Lewis Martin, delegate to Congress from the Wisconsin territory

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 196.9 sqkm, of which 196.0 sqkm are land and 0.9 sqkm, or 0.46%, are water.

The eastern town line is the Black River. The western part of Martinsburg is on the Tug Hill Plateau.

New York State Route 12 and New York State Route 26 are north-south highways through the town, with NY-12 being the more easterly route.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,249 people, 473 households and 347 families residing in the town. The population density was 16.5 per square mile (6.4/km2). There were 627 housing units at an average density of 8.3 per square mile (3.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.00% White, 0.48% African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48% of the population.

There were 473 households, of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.11.

28.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.

The median household income was $31,902 and the median family income was $35,978. Males had a median income of $26,705 compared with $20,682 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,894. About 7.9% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Martinsburg

 * East Martinsburg – a hamlet east of Martinsburg village and located on NY-12.
 * Glendale – a hamlet south of East Martinsburg.
 * Glenfield – a hamlet east of Glendale on the west side of the Black River.
 * Graves Corners – a location east of Wetmore.
 * Martinsburg – the hamlet of Martinsburg is on NY-26 south of Lowville; it was the first county seat of Lewis County.
 * McGraw Corners – a location east of Wetmore.
 * Tabolt Corners – a location by the southern town line.
 * West Martinsburg – a hamlet southwest of Lowville, near the northern town line. The Methodist Episcopal Church of West Martinsburg was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
 * Whetstone Gulf State Park – a state park at the southern town line.
 * Whittaker Falls Park – a park east of Martinsburg village.

title: Martinsburg, New York


text:
Montague, New York

Montague is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 78 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Mary Montague Pierpont, the daughter of the original owner.

The town is on the western border of Lewis County. Montague is west of Lowville, the county seat, and is southeast of Watertown.

History
The first settlements began circa 1846. In 1850, the town of Montague was formed from part of the town of West Turin. The town's population was 975 in 1880, the highest level in the town's history. The town is now known for snowmobile trails.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 65.3 sqmi, of which 65.1 sqmi are land and 0.2 sqmi, or 0.24%, are water.

The western town line is the border between Jefferson and Oswego counties.

Climate
The hamlet Hooker (New York) has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Montague is on the northern end of the Tug Hill Plateau, which is well known for having some of the snowiest winters in New York. Hooker holds the state record for seasonal snowfall of 466.9 inches (11.86m) during the winter of 1976-1977. Also, Montague holds a state record for snowfall during the 24-hour period from January 11–12 but it is not officially recognized by the National Weather Service.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 108 people, 45 households, and 28 families residing in the town. The population density was 1.7 people per square mile (0.6/km2). There were 267 housing units at an average density of 4.1 per square mile (1.6/km2). The entire town is White.

There were 45 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 1.9% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 30.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,688, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,598. There were 10.3% of families and 14.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 17.9% of under eighteens and 30.0% of those over 64.

Communities and locations in Montague

 * Gardners Corners – A location in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Hooker – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Liberty Corners – A location in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Parkers – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town, south of Rector.
 * Rector – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Sears Pond – A small lake near the center of the town.
 * Tug Hill Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area in the eastern part of Montague.
 * World Record of Snow in 24 hours (77 inches) Jan 11–12, 1997

title: Montague, New York


text:
New Bremen, New York

New Bremen is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 2,706 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the German city of Bremen.

The town is on the eastern side of the county. It is northeast of Lowville, the county seat.

History
The first settlement was c. 1798. Many later settlers were from Germany. The community of New Bremen was laid out in 1826 by Charles Dayan.

The town of New Bremen was formed in 1848 from parts of the towns of Croghan and Watson.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 55.8 sqmi, of which 55.6 sqmi are land and 0.2 sqmi, or 0.36%, are water.

New York State Route 812, a north–south highway, intersects New York State Route 126, an east–west highway, near the northern town line.

The western town boundary is defined by the Black River. The Beaver River, a tributary of the Black River, marks the northeastern town line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,722 people, 945 households, and 757 families residing in the town. The population density was 49.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,116 housing units at an average density of 20.1 per square mile (7.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.09% White, 0.77% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.15% from other races, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.33% of the population.

There were 945 households, out of which 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.7% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 16.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,230, and the median income for a family was $37,841. Males had a median income of $29,881 versus $21,149 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,196. About 8.8% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in New Bremen

 * Bushs Corners – A location east of Kirschnerville.
 * Croghan – A small part of the Village of Croghan is at the northern town line on NY-812 and the Beaver River.
 * Crystal Dale – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town.
 * Duflo Airport (NY10) – A private airport northeast of New Bremen village.
 * Kirschnerville – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town.
 * New Bremen (formerly " Dayansville") – The hamlet of New Bremen is located in the western part of the town and on NY-812.

title: New Bremen, New York


text:
Incidence

Incidence may refer to:

Economics

 * Benefit incidence, the availability of a benefit
 * Expenditure incidence, the effect of government expenditure upon the distribution of private incomes
 * Fiscal incidence, the economic impact of government taxation and expenditures on the economic income of individuals
 * Tax incidence, analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare

Mathematics

 * Incidence algebra, associative algebra used in combinatorics, a branch of mathematics
 * Incidence geometry, the study of relations of incidence between various geometrical objects
 * Incidence (geometry), the binary relations describing how subsets meet
 * Incidence (graph), in graph theory, a quality of some vertex-edge pairs
 * Incidence list, a concept in graph theory
 * Incidence matrix, a matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects
 * Incidence structure, a feature of combinatorial mathematics
 * Cumulative incidence, a measure of frequency

Other uses

 * Angle of incidence, a measure of deviation of something from "straight on"
 * Incidence (epidemiology), a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time
 * Plane of incidence, relating to optical reflection
 * Incidence (video game), a minimalist golfing style game by ScrollView Games

title: Incidence