text:
Help talk:Interlanguage links/Dutch

Automated?
Why can't this process be automated? --Chuck Smith

 * I'd much rather people look over them to make sure they're actually pointing to the right topic. (That, and these kinds of manual page binges are an excellent opportunity to check for typos, formatting issues, and things that can be easily improved while you're there.) --Brion 00:06 Oct 6, 2002 (UTC)

Redirects being made

 * I am currently making redirects to all the days of the year so we dont have thousands of broken links accross wikipedia, i figure 365 edits are easier than a couple of thousands.. this is a temporary fix, links should be fixed, but this buys us a little time Lightning 01:27 Oct 8, 2002 (UTC)

 * January, February, March, April, May, and June all have redirects, August links are fixed ONLY in the english wikipedia (I know because I fixed them), however redirects could help too, unless the other languages are also fixed. -- Lightning 04:36 Oct 8, 2002 (UTC)

 * The German articles also have the same inorrect capitalization. --mav

 * Thats what the redirects are for... much easier than going around editing 365 pages for every language... however like I said before, they should be fixed, but it's not a priority since it works fine this way. Lightning 03:09 Oct 8, 2002 (UTC)

16/Oct/2005 - Script verified all these links
Hi. I have created a script particularly for this task. here are the results:

Articles in English, linking to the Dutch article and this article linking back to the English Article:

 * Interstellar_cloud
 * December_23
 * December_24
 * December_25
 * December_26
 * December_27
 * December_28
 * December_29
 * December_3
 * December_30
 * December_31
 * December_4
 * December_5
 * December_6
 * December_7
 * December_8
 * December_9
 * February_1
 * February_10
 * February_11
 * February_12
 * February_13
 * February_14
 * February_15
 * February_16
 * February_17
 * February_18
 * February_19
 * February_2
 * February_20
 * February_21
 * February_22
 * February_23
 * February_24
 * February_25
 * February_26
 * February_27
 * February_28
 * February_29
 * February_3
 * February_4
 * February_5
 * February_6
 * February_7
 * February_8
 * February_9
 * July_1
 * July_10
 * July_11
 * July_12
 * July_13
 * July_14
 * July_15
 * July_16
 * July_17
 * July_18
 * July_19
 * July_2
 * July_20
 * July_21
 * July_22
 * July_23
 * July_24
 * July_25
 * July_26
 * July_27
 * July_28
 * July_29
 * July_3
 * July_30
 * July_31
 * July_4
 * July_5
 * July_6
 * July_7
 * July_8
 * July_9
 * June_1
 * June_10
 * June_11
 * June_12
 * June_13
 * June_14
 * June_15
 * June_16
 * June_17
 * June_18
 * June_19
 * June_2
 * June_20
 * June_21
 * June_22
 * June_23
 * June_24
 * June_25
 * June_26
 * June_27
 * June_28
 * June_29
 * June_3
 * June_30
 * June_4
 * June_5
 * June_6
 * June_7
 * June_8
 * June_9
 * March_1
 * March_10
 * March_11
 * March_12
 * March_13
 * March_14
 * March_15
 * March_16
 * March_17
 * March_18
 * March_19
 * March_2
 * March_20
 * March_21
 * March_22
 * March_23
 * March_24
 * March_25
 * March_26
 * March_27
 * March_28
 * March_29
 * March_3
 * March_30
 * March_31
 * March_4
 * March_5
 * March_6
 * March_7
 * March_8
 * March_9
 * May_1
 * May_10
 * May_11
 * May_12
 * May_13
 * May_14
 * May_15
 * May_16
 * May_17
 * May_18
 * May_19
 * May_2
 * May_20
 * May_21
 * May_22
 * May_23
 * May_24
 * May_25
 * May_26
 * May_27
 * May_28
 * May_29
 * May_3
 * May_30
 * May_31
 * May_4
 * May_5
 * May_6
 * May_7
 * May_8
 * May_9
 * November_1
 * November_10
 * November_11
 * November_12
 * November_13
 * November_14
 * November_15
 * November_16
 * November_17
 * November_18
 * November_19
 * November_2
 * November_20
 * November_21
 * November_22
 * November_23
 * November_24
 * November_25
 * November_26
 * November_27
 * November_28
 * November_29
 * November_3
 * November_30
 * November_4
 * November_5
 * November_6
 * November_7
 * November_8
 * November_9
 * October_1
 * October_10
 * October_11
 * October_12
 * October_13
 * October_14
 * October_15
 * October_16
 * October_17
 * October_18
 * October_19
 * October_2
 * October_20
 * October_21
 * October_22
 * October_23
 * October_24
 * October_25
 * October_26
 * October_27
 * October_28
 * October_29
 * October_3
 * October_30
 * October_31
 * October_4
 * October_5
 * October_6
 * October_7
 * October_8
 * October_9

Missing Articles in Dutch:
none

Articles in Dutch not linking back to the English Version

 * Nevels_en_gaswolken >> Nebula
 * Classicisme >> Renaissance_Classicism

Contact me if you have any questions.

Thanks, --Cacuija (my talk) 17:13, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Help talk:Interlanguage links/Dutch


text:
Lunenburg, Nova Scotia

Lunenburg is a port town on the South Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. Founded in 1753, the town was one of the first British attempts to settle Protestants in Nova Scotia.

Historically, Lunenburg's economy relied on the offshore fishery, and today it hosts Canada's largest secondary fish-processing plant. The town experienced prosperity in the late 1800s, and many of its architectural gems date back to that era.

In 1995, UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site. UNESCO considers the site the best example of planned British colonial settlement in North America, as it retains its original layout and appearance of the 1800s, including local wooden vernacular architecture. UNESCO considers the town in need of protection because the future of its traditional economic underpinnings, the Atlantic fishery, is now very uncertain.

The historic core of the town is also a National Historic Site of Canada.

Toponymy
Lunenburg was named in 1753 after the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg who had become King George II of Great Britain. The Acadian inhabitants of the site had called it Mirliguèche, a French spelling of a Mi'kmaq name of uncertain meaning. An earlier Mi'kmaq name was āseedĭk, meaning clam-land.

History
The Mi'kmaq have lived in a territory from the present site of Lunenburg to Mahone Bay. At one point, as many as 300 Mi'kmaq people inhabited the site in the warm summer months. French colonists, who became known as Acadians, settled in the area around the 1620s. The Acadians and Mi’kmaq co-existed peacefully and some intermarried, creating networks of trade and kinship. In 1688, 10 Acadians and 11 Mi’kmaq were resident with dwellings and a small area of cultivated land. By 1745, there were eight families.

When Edward Cornwallis, newly appointed Governor of Nova Scotia, visited in 1749, he reported several Mi’kmaq and Acadian families living together at Mirliguèche in comfortable houses and said they "appeared to be doing well."

Britain and France carried their military conflicts in Europe in the 1700s to the New World. Under the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, France ceded the part of Acadia today known as peninsular Nova Scotia to Britain. To guard against Mi'kmaq, Acadian and French colonial attacks, the British erected Fort George in 1749 at Citadel Hill Halifax and founded the town of Halifax.

The British sought to settle the lands with loyal subjects, and recruited more than 1,400 Foreign Protestants, mostly artisans and farmers, from Europe in July 1753 to populate the site. The British had failed to provide promised land in Halifax to many of these settlers and they had become frustrated, causing problems for the British. The resettlement thus served the additional purpose of removing many of the Foreign Protestants from Halifax. Led by Charles Lawrence, the settlers were accompanied by about 160 soldiers. They assembled prefabricated blockhouses and constructed a palisade along the neck of land where the village was laid out. The settlers spent the summer building shelters for the winter and, not having been able to conduct any fishing or farming, had to be provisioned from Halifax. When the settlers became dissatisfied with the distribution of provisions and due to general distrust and frustration from mistreatment by the British, they rose in armed rebellion in The Lunenburg Rebellion and briefly declared a republic, only to be put down by troops led by Colonel Robert Monckton. Others defected to the Acadian side. In 1754, the town had a sawmill and a store.

In 1755, after the expulsion of the Acadians, the British needed to repopulate vacated lands. It offered generous land grants to colonists from New England, which was experiencing a severe shortage in land. Today these immigrants are referred to as the New England Planters. Lunenburg was raided in 1756 by a mixed group of Mi'kmaq and Maliseet raiders, devastating the town. The attacks continued on the British with the Lunenburg Campaign of 1758. Hostilities with Mi'kmaq ended around 1760.

During the American Revolution, privateers from the rebelling colonies raided Lunenburg, including the 1782 raid, devastating the town once again. The town was fortified at the beginning of the War of 1812. The British officials authorised the privateer Lunenburg, operated by Lunenburg residents, to raid American shipping.

Over the following years, port activities transitioned from coastal trade and local mixed fisheries, to offshore fisheries. During the Prohibition in the United States between 1920 and 1933, Lunenburg was a base for rum-running to the US.

The Lunenburg Cure was the term for a style of dried and salted cod that the city exported to markets in the Caribbean. Today a large hammered copper cod weather vane is mounted on the spire of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church.

The Smith & Rhuland shipyard built many boats, including Bluenose (1921), Flora Alberta (1941), Sherman Zwicker (1942), Bluenose II (1963), Bounty (1961), and the replica HMS Surprise (1970). In 1967 the yard was taken over by Scotia Trawler Equipment Limited. After the end of World War II, shipbuilders switched from producing schooners to trawlers, aided by migrant labour from Newfoundland.

Physical geography
Lunenburg is in a natural harbour at the western side of Mahone Bay, about 100 km southwest of Downtown Halifax.

The area is built largely on Cambrian to Ordovician sedimentary deposits. The last glacial period transformed the landscape. Glaciers abraded and plucked at the bedrock during their advances across the country, creating various deposits that vary in thickness, including drumlins, which are a key feature of Lunenburg County.

The coastline in the area is heavily indented, and the town is on an isthmus on the Fairhaven Peninsula, with harbours on both the front and back sides.

Climate
The climate of Lunenburg is moderate, owing to its coastal location which helps to limit extremes in temperatures. This means it is slightly milder in winter and slightly cooler in summer than most areas at similar latitudes. Lunenburg enjoys warm, breezy summers with temperatures in the low to mid 20s °C (70s °F). It is seldom hot and humid. Winters are cold and frequently wet. Heavy winter snowfall can occur, but Lunenburg's snowpack is usually short lived due to frequent winter rains and regular freeze-thaw cycles. Thick fog and damp conditions can occur at any time of year, but especially in spring. Seasonal lag due to cooler ocean temperatures means that spring conditions arrive in Lunenburg late in the season, often not until mid May. On the whole, Lunenburg precipitation is high from November to May, with July, August and September enjoying the warmest and driest conditions. Fall is typically bright, clear and cool. Jan: 1° Feb: 2° Mar: 5° Apr: 11° May: 15° Jun: 21° Jul: 23° Aug: 24° Sep: 21° Oct: 15° Nov: 9° Dec: 4°

Old Town
The original planned town was built on a steep south-facing hillside. It was laid out with compact lots in a rectangular grid pattern of narrow streets without regard to the topography. It is now known as the Old Town, and is the part of town which is protected by UNESCO. It is also the site of the old harbour. About 40 buildings in this area are on the Canadian Register of Historic Places including: The Lunenburg Opera House is also in this area, though built in 1909, and not on the registry.
 * Knaut-Rhuland House, 1793: Now a museum run by the Lunenburg Heritage Society.
 * Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1890: large wooden church.
 * St. John's Anglican Church, 1763: large wooden Carpenter Gothic church.

In 2005, the province of Nova Scotia bought 17 waterfront buildings from Clearwater Foods, the owner of the High Liner Foods brand, to ensure their preservation. Ownership was transferred to the Lunenburg Waterfront Association. Shipbuilding infrastructure worth $1.5 million was added to the Lunenburg waterfront as part of the Bluenose II restoration project, which started in 2010.

The site of the Smith & Rhuland shipyard is now a recreational marina.

The Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic, part of the Nova Scotia Museum, includes a small fleet of vessels, including Bluenose II.

Parts of the waterfront are still used by business. The shipyard ABCO Industries was founded in 1947 on the site of the World War II Norwegian military training facility Camp Norway, and now builds welded aluminum vessels. Lunenburg Shipyard is owned and operated by Lunenburg Industrial Foundry & Engineering. It offers a dry dock, manufacturing and machining, a carpentry shop, and a foundry capable of pouring 272 kg castings. There are wharves for commercial inshore fishing.

New Town
In the 1800s, Lunenburg prospered through shipping, trade, fishing, farming, shipbuilding, and outgrew its original boundaries. The town was extended into the east and west of the Old Town into what is now known as the New Town. This area includes about a dozen buildings on the Canadian Register of Historic Places.

Governance
Government in Nova Scotia has only two tiers: provincial and municipal. The province is divided into 50 municipalities, of which Lunenburg is one. The town is also within Lunenburg County, which was created for court sessional purposes in the 1860s and today has no government of its own, but the borders of which are coincident with certain provincial and federal electoral districts such as the Lunenburg Provincial Electoral District, and census districts. The county also covers the same terrain as the Municipality of the District of Lunenburg which surrounds, but does not include, Bridgewater, Lunenburg, and Mahone Bay, as they are incorporated separately and not part of the district municipality.

Economy

According to the 2016 census, the most common National Occupational Classification was sales and services, with 24 per cent of jobs. By the North American Industry Classification System, about half of all jobs were in health care and social assistance, accommodation and food services, manufacturing, and retail. High Liner Foods runs Canada's largest secondary fish-processing plant in the town.

The town's architecture and picturesque location make it attractive to the film industry. The dramatic and climactic wedding scenes of the award winning Canadian movie Cloudburst starring Olympia Dukakis were filmed in Lunenburg. Other films set in New England and filmed partly in Lunenburg include The Covenant and Dolores Claiborne. The 2010 Japanese movie Hanamizuki was partly set and filmed in Lunenburg. Further, the supernatural drama television show Haven was partly filmed there throughout its 5 season run, though the story is set in the U.S. State of Maine. The 2012 film The Disappeared, the 2020 television series Locke & Key, and the fourth season of the 2017 television series The Sinner were filmed in Lunenburg.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lunenburg had a population of living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of. With a land area of 4.04 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In 2016, the majority of the population is English-speaking Canadian Protestants. At 58, the median age is higher than the provincial median of 46. Household incomes are similar to provincial averages.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lunenburg, Nova Scotia


text:
Autaugaville, Alabama

Autaugaville is a town in Autauga County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 795. It is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Autaugaville is located at 32.43256°N, -86.65875°W (32.432563, −86.658752).

The town is located in the central part of the state along Alabama State Route 14, which runs west to east through the center of town, leading east 14 mi (23 km) to Prattville, the Autauga County seat, and west 24 mi (39 km) to Selma.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 7.8 sqmi, of which, 7.6 sqmi of it is land and 0.2 sqmi of it is water.

History
William Thompson, the first settler in what is now Autaugaville arrived around 1820 and built a gristmill and sawmill on Swift Creek, about three miles upriver from the Alabama River. One source says that the town incorporated in 1839, but another cites 1907. A cotton mill opened in 1849 on the banks of Swift Creek, and following upon the model of industrialist Daniel Pratt, the owner constructed housing for its employees, expanding the town. It grew further when many citizens from nearby Vernon relocated here to escape the floods and diseases to which that town was prone. By 1851, the town had a population of 351 and claimed four stores, two churches, and two schools.

Additional businesses opened during this period, including a cloth factory, a buggy and wagon factory, and a gristmill, making it a thriving manufacturing center. The downtown area was seriously damaged by a fire in 1853, but quickly rebuilt. The town's first and only newspaper, the Autauga Citizen, also began publication in 1853, existing until 1873.

The Civil War and Reconstruction resulted in the closing of the town's factories, including the cotton factory, which saw its shipments seized by the U.S. government. The war and its aftermath essentially ended Autaugaville's status as a manufacturing center. The town incorporated in 1907, and the Alabama Central Railroad built a branch through town in 1911. At least one of several lumber mills operated periodically until the 1930s. In 1936, an Alabama Forestry Commission nursery opened near town. Crystal Lake Manufacturing Company makes brooms, mops, and handles in Autaugaville but closed at the end of 2020. Many Autaugaville residents are employed in the automotive parts industry.

Education
Autaugaville is part of the Autauga County School System and is home to Autaugaville School for prekindergarten to grade 12 students.

Town of Autaugaville
Autaugaville first appeared on the census as an incorporated town in 1910. See Autaugaville Precinct below.

2020 Census data
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 795 people, 444 households, and 299 families residing in the town.

2010 Census data
As of the census of 2010, the population density was 114.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 66.8% Black or African American, 31.3% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. 0.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.00.

2000 Census data
As of the census of 2000,the population density was 106.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 65.98% Black or African American, 32.32% White, 0.24% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 0.98% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.18.

The median income for a household in the town was $22,563, and the median income for a family was $35,417. Males had a median income of $29,688 versus $19,821 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,586. 27.1% of the population and 27.4% of families were below the poverty line. 31.2% of those under the age of 18 and 23.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Autaugaville Precinct or Division
Autaugaville, the 2nd Beat of Autauga County was first tabulated in the 1870 census, though it first reported a population in 1850. In 1890, it became the 3rd Precinct (Autauga County) and continued to report to 1950. In 1960, Autaugaville precinct was changed to census division as part of a general reorganization of counties. After 1850, the other censuses that reported racial demographics for precincts and divisions (1860–70; 1930–40; 1960–2010) reported a Black majority in each instance.

Notable people

 * George "Wild Child" Butler, blues guitarist, harmonica player, and vocalist
 * Albert J. Pickett, planter, lawyer, and Alabama's first historian. Born in Anson County, North Carolina, but moved to Autaugaville with his father at the age of 8.
 * Fernandez Ponds, U.S. Navy admiral

title: Autaugaville, Alabama


text:
Andy Kaufman

Andrew Geoffrey Kaufman (January 17, 1949 – May 16, 1984 ) was an American entertainer and performance artist. While often called a "comedian", Kaufman preferred to describe himself instead as a "song and dance man". He has sometimes been called an "anti-comedian". He disdained telling jokes and engaging in comedy as it was traditionally understood, once saying in an interview, "I am not a comic, I have never told a joke. The comedian's promise is that he will go out there and make you laugh with him. My only promise is that I will try to entertain you as best I can."

After working in small comedy clubs in the early 1970s, Kaufman came to the attention of a wider audience in 1975, when he was invited to perform portions of his act on the first season of Saturday Night Live. His Foreign Man character was the basis of his performance as Latka Gravas on the hit television show Taxi from 1978 until 1983. During this time, he continued to tour comedy clubs and theaters in a series of unique performance art/comedy shows, sometimes appearing as himself and sometimes as obnoxiously rude lounge singer Tony Clifton. He was also a frequent guest on sketch comedy and late-night talk shows, particularly Late Night with David Letterman. In 1982, Kaufman brought his professional wrestling villain act to Letterman's show by way of a staged encounter with Jerry "The King" Lawler of the Continental Wrestling Association. The fact that the altercation was planned was not publicly disclosed for over a decade.

Kaufman died of lung cancer on May 16, 1984, at the age of 35. As pranks and elaborate ruses were major elements of his career, persistent rumors have circulated that Kaufman faked his own death as a grand hoax. He continues to be respected for the variety of his characters, his uniquely counterintuitive approach to comedy, and his willingness to provoke negative and confused reactions from audiences.

Early life
Kaufman was born on January 17, 1949, in New York City, the oldest of three children. He grew up with his younger brother Michael and sister Carol in a middle-class Jewish family in Great Neck, Long Island. His mother was Janice (née Bernstein), a homemaker and former fashion model, and his father was Stanley Kaufman, a jewelry salesman. Kaufman began performing at children's birthday parties at age 9, playing records and showing cartoons. Kaufman spent much of his youth writing poetry and stories, including an unpublished novel, The Hollering Mangoo, which he completed at age 16. Following a visit to his school from Nigerian musician Babatunde Olatunji, Kaufman began playing the congas.

After graduating from Great Neck North High School in 1967, Kaufman took a year off before enrolling at the now defunct two-year Grahm Junior College in Boston, where he studied television production and starred in his own campus television show, Uncle Andy's Fun House. In August 1969, he hitchhiked to Las Vegas to meet Elvis Presley, showing up unannounced at the International Hotel. Soon after, he began performing at coffee houses and developing his act, as well as writing a one-man play, Gosh (later renamed God and published in 2000). After graduating in 1971, he began performing stand-up comedy at various small clubs on the East Coast.

Foreign Man and Mighty Mouse
Kaufman first received major attention for his character Foreign Man, who spoke in a meek, high-pitched, heavily accented voice and claimed to be from "Caspiar", a fictional island in the Caspian Sea. It was as this character that Kaufman convinced the owner of the famed New York City comedy club The Improv, Budd Friedman, to allow him to perform on stage.

As Foreign Man, Kaufman would appear on the stage of comedy clubs, play a recording of the theme from the Mighty Mouse cartoon show while standing perfectly still, and lip-sync only the line "Here I come to save the day" with great enthusiasm. He proceeded to tell a few (intentionally poor) jokes and concluded his act with a series of celebrity impersonations, with the comedy arising from the character's obviously hopeless ineptitude at impersonation. For example, in his fake accent Kaufman announced to the audience, "I would like to imitate Meester Carter, de president of de United States" and then, in exactly the same voice, say "Hello, I am Meester Carter, de president of de United States. T'ank you veddy much." At some point in the performance, usually when the audience was conditioned to Foreign Man's inability to perform a single convincing impression, Foreign Man would announce, "And now I would like to imitate the Elvis Presley", turn around, take off his jacket, slick his hair back, and launch into a rousing, hip-shaking rendition of Presley singing one of his hit songs. Like Presley, he took off his leather jacket during the song and threw it into the audience, but unlike Presley, Foreign Man would immediately ask for it to be returned. After the song's finale, he would take a simple bow and say in his Foreign Man voice, "T'ank you veddy much."

Portions of Kaufman's Foreign Man act were broadcast in the first season of Saturday Night Live. The Mighty Mouse number was featured in the October 11, 1975, premiere, while the joke-telling and celebrity impressions (including Elvis) were included in the November 8 broadcast that same year.

Latka
The Foreign Man character was changed into Latka Gravas for ABC's sitcom Taxi, appearing in 79 of 114 episodes in 1978–83. Bob Zmuda confirms this: "They basically were buying Andy's Foreign Man character for the Taxi character Latka." Kaufman's longtime manager George Shapiro encouraged him to take the gig.

Kaufman disliked sitcoms and was not happy with the idea of being in one, but Shapiro convinced him that it would quickly lead to stardom, which would earn him money he could then put into his own act. Kaufman agreed to appear in 14 episodes per season, and he initially wanted four for Kaufman's alter ego Tony Clifton. After Kaufman deliberately sabotaged Clifton's appearance on the show, however, that part of his contract was dropped.

His character was given multiple personality disorder, which allowed Kaufman to randomly portray other characters. In one episode of Taxi, Kaufman's character came down with a condition that made him act like Alex Rieger, the main character played by Judd Hirsch. Another such recurring character played by Kaufman was Latka's womanizing alter ego Vic Ferrari.

Sam Simon, who early in his career was a writer and later showrunner for Taxi, stated in a 2013 interview on Marc Maron's WTF podcast that the story of Kaufman having been generally disruptive on the show was "a complete fiction" largely created by Zmuda. Simon maintained that Zmuda has a vested interest in promoting an out-of-control image of Kaufman. In the interview Simon stated that Kaufman was "completely professional" and that he "told you Tony Clifton was him", but he also conceded that Kaufman would have "loved" Zmuda's version of events.

Kaufman was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Limited Series, or Motion Picture Made for Television for Taxi in 1979 and 1981.

Tony Clifton
Another well-known Kaufman character is Tony Clifton, an absurd, audience-abusing lounge singer who began opening for Kaufman at comedy clubs and eventually even performed concerts on his own around the country. Sometimes it was Kaufman performing as Clifton, sometimes it was his brother Michael or Zmuda. For a brief time, it was unclear to some that Clifton was not a real person. News programs interviewed Clifton as Kaufman's opening act, with the mood turning ugly whenever Kaufman's name came up. Kaufman, Clifton insisted, was attempting to ruin Clifton's "good name" in order to make money and become famous.

As a requirement for Kaufman's accepting the offer to star on Taxi, he insisted that Clifton be hired for a guest role on the show as if he were a real person, not a character. After throwing a tantrum on the set, Clifton was fired and escorted from the studio lot by security guards. Much to Kaufman's delight, this incident was reported in the local newspapers.

Saturday Night Live Elvis sketch incident
On the January 30, 1982, episode of Saturday Night Live, while impersonating Elvis Presley in a sketch, Kaufman broke character by removing his wig and apologizing to the audience.

Kaufman explained this incident on the February 17, 1982, episode of Late Night with David Letterman. He said that he had apologized because he disagreed with how Presley was portrayed in the sketch, which involved Presley instructing two young women from his audience to visit him backstage, where they would wrestle topless in mud. Kaufman said that he had initially declined to perform the sketch but was pressured into it. He also alleged that SNL staff threatened to ruin his reputation in the industry if he did not perform the sketch.

The sketch was a reference to an incident alleged by Albert Goldman's controversial 1981 biography of Presley. Critics of the biography derided its scornful tone and charged that it was intended as an exposé. Kaufman said that Goldman threatened to sue him after the episode aired, but Kaufman challenged Goldman to a public debate on Presley's character.

Carnegie Hall show
At the beginning of an April 1979 performance at New York's Carnegie Hall, Kaufman invited his "grandmother" to watch the show from a chair that he had placed at the side of the stage. At the end of the show, she stood, removed her mask, and revealed to the audience that she was actually comedian Robin Williams.

Kaufman also had an elderly woman (Eleanor Cody Gould) pretend to have a heart attack and die on stage, after which he reappeared on stage wearing a Native American headdress and performing a dance over her body, "reviving" her.

Kaufman ended the show by taking the entire audience, in 24 buses, for milk and cookies. He invited anyone interested to meet him on the Staten Island Ferry the next morning, where the show continued.

TV specials
The Taxi deal with ABC included a television special/pilot for Kaufman. He proposed Andy's Funhouse, based on a routine that he had developed while in junior college. The special was taped in 1977 but did not air until August 1979. It featured most of Andy's famous gags, including Foreign Man/Latka and his Elvis Presley impersonation, as well as a host of unique segments (including a special appearance by children's television character Howdy Doody and the "Has-been Corner"). The program also included a segment with fake television screen static as part of the gag, although ABC executives feared that viewers would mistake the static for broadcast problems and would change the channel—which was the comic element that Kaufman wanted to present. Andy's Funhouse was written by Kaufman, Zmuda and Mel Sherer, with music by Kaufman.

In March 1980, Kaufman filmed a short segment for an ABC show called Buckshot. The segment was just over six minutes long and was called Uncle Andy's Funhouse. It featured Kaufman as the host of a children's show for adults, complete with a peanut gallery and Tony Clifton puppet.

In 1983, a show very similar to Andy's Funhouse and Uncle Andy's Funhouse was filmed for PBS's SoundStage program called The Andy Kaufman Show. It too featured a peanut gallery, and opened in the middle of an interview in which Kaufman was laughing hysterically. He then proceeded to thank the audience for watching and the credits rolled.

Fridays incidents
In 1981, Kaufman made three appearances on Fridays, a variety show on ABC that was similar to Saturday Night Live. In the last sketch on his first appearance, the cast were to deliberately break the scene and improvise an argument. Kaufman broke character first, announcing that he "felt stupid" and refusing to say his lines. In response, cast member Michael Richards walked off camera, returned with a set of cue cards, and dumped them on the table in front of Kaufman, who responded by splashing Richards with water. Coproducer Jack Burns stormed onto the stage, leading to a fake brawl on camera before the show cut to a commercial.

Richards claimed that what was going to happen was known only to him, Burns and Kaufman, but Melanie Chartoff, who played Kaufman's wife in the sketch, said that just before airtime Burns told her, Richards, and Maryedith Burrell that Kaufman was going to break the fourth wall.

Kaufman appeared the next week in a videotaped "apology" to the home viewers. Later that year, he returned to host Fridays. At one point during the show, he invited Lawrence Welk Show singer Kathie Sullivan to the stage to sing some gospel songs with him and announced that the two were engaged to be married. He then talked to the audience about his newfound faith in Jesus (Kaufman was Jewish), but the scene was a hoax. Later, following a sketch about a drug-abusing pharmacist, instead of introducing Pretenders, he delivered a nervous speech about the harmfulness of drugs while the band stood behind him ready to play. After his speech, he informed the audience that he had talked too long and that the show needed to pause for a commercial break.

Appearances
Although Kaufman made a name for himself as a guest on NBC's Saturday Night Live, his first prime-time appearances were several guest spots as Foreign Man on the Dick Van Dyke variety show Van Dyke and Company in 1976. He appeared four times on The Tonight Show in 1976–78, with Foreign Man doing his imitation of Johnny Carson's sidekick Ed McMahon, with no change in voice: "Ha ha ha. Ha ha ha. How hot was eet. Ha ha ha." Kaufman also appeared three times on NBC's late-night concert series The Midnight Special in 1972, 1977, and 1981. Kaufman appeared on The Dating Game in 1978, in character as Foreign Man, and cried when the bachelorette chose Bachelor #1, protesting that he had answered all the questions correctly.

His SNL appearances started with the first show, on October 11, 1975. He made 16 SNL appearances in all, doing routines from his comedy act, such as the Mighty Mouse singalong, Foreign Man, and the Elvis impersonation. After he angered the audience with his female-wrestling routine, Kaufman in January 1983 made a pretaped appearance (his 16th) asking the audience if he should ever appear on the show again, saying he would honor their decision. SNL ran a phone vote, and 195,544 people voted to "Dump Andy" while 169,186 people voted to "Keep Andy".

During the SNL episode with the phone poll, many of the cast members stated their admiration for Kaufman's work. After Eddie Murphy read both numbers, he said, "Now, Andy Kaufman is a friend of mine. Keep that in mind when you call. I don't want to have to punch nobody in America in the face", and Mary Gross read the Dump Andy phone number at a rate so fast that audiences were unable to catch it. The final tally was read by Gary Kroeger to a cheering audience. As the credits rolled, announcer Don Pardo said, "This is Don Pardo saying, 'I voted for Andy Kaufman.'"

Kaufman made a number of appearances on the daytime edition of The David Letterman Show in 1980, and 11 appearances on Late Night with David Letterman in 1982–83. He made numerous guest spots on other television programs hosted by or starring celebrities like Johnny Cash (1979 Christmas special), Dick Van Dyke, Dinah Shore, Rodney Dangerfield, Cher, Dean Martin, Redd Foxx, Mike Douglas, Dick Clark, and Joe Franklin.

He appeared in his first theatrical film, God Told Me To, in 1976, in which he portrayed a murderous policeman. He appeared in two other theatrical films, including the 1980 film In God We Tru$t, in which he played a televangelist, and the 1981 film Heartbeeps, in which he played a robot.

Laurie Anderson worked alongside Kaufman for a time in the 1970s, acting as a sort of "straight man" in a number of his Manhattan and Coney Island performances. One of these performances included getting on a ride that people stand in and get spun around. After everyone was strapped in, Kaufman would start saying how he did not want to be on the ride in a panicked tone and eventually cry. Anderson later described these performances in her 1995 album, The Ugly One with the Jewels.

In 1983, Kaufman appeared on Broadway with Deborah Harry in the play Teaneck Tanzi: The Venus Flytrap. It closed after just two performances.

Professional wrestling
Inspired by the theatricality of kayfabe, the staged nature of the sport, and his own tendency to form elaborate hoaxes, Kaufman began wrestling women during his act and proclaimed himself "Inter-Gender Wrestling Champion of the World", taking on an aggressive and ridiculous personality based on the characters invented by professional wrestlers. He offered a $1,000 prize to any woman who could pin him. He employed performance artist Laurie Anderson, a friend of his, in this act for a while.

Kaufman initially approached the head of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) – now World Wrestling Entertainment or WWE – Vince McMahon Sr., about bringing his act to the New York wrestling territory. McMahon dismissed Kaufman's idea, as the elder McMahon was not about to bring "show business" into his Pro Wrestling society. Kaufman had by then developed a friendship with wrestling reporter/photographer Bill Apter. After many discussions about Kaufman's desire to be in the pro wrestling business, Apter called Memphis wrestling icon Jerry "The King" Lawler and introduced him to Kaufman by telephone.

Kaufman finally stepped into the ring (in the Memphis wrestling circuit) with a man—Lawler himself. Kaufman taunted the residents of Memphis by playing "videos showing residents how to use soap" and proclaiming the city to be "the nation's redneck capital". The ongoing Lawler–Kaufman feud, which often featured Jimmy Hart and other heels in Kaufman's corner, included a number of staged "works", such as a broken neck for Kaufman as a result of Lawler's piledriver and a famous on-air fight on a 1982 episode of Late Night with David Letterman.

For some time after that first match, Kaufman appeared wearing a neck brace, insisting that his injuries were much worse than they really were. Kaufman continued to defend the Inter-Gender Championship in the Mid-South Coliseum and offered an extra prize, other than the $1,000: that if he were pinned, the woman who pinned him would get to marry him and that Kaufman would also shave his head.

Eventually it was revealed that the feud and wrestling matches were staged works, and that Kaufman and Lawler were friends. This was not disclosed until more than 10 years after Kaufman's death, when the Emmy-nominated documentary A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman aired on NBC in 1995. Jim Carrey, who revealed the secret, later went on to play Kaufman in the 1999 film Man on the Moon. In a 1997 interview with the Memphis Flyer, Lawler said he had improvised during their first match and the Letterman incident.

Although officials at St. Francis Hospital stated that Kaufman's neck injuries were real, in his 2002 biography It's Good to Be the King ... Sometimes, Lawler detailed how they came up with the angle and kept it quiet. Even though Kaufman's injury was legitimate, the pair exaggerated it. He also said that Kaufman's furious tirade and performance on Letterman was Kaufman's own idea, including when Lawler slapped Kaufman out of his chair. Promoter Jerry Jarrett later recalled that for two years he mailed Kaufman payments comparable to what other main-event wrestlers were getting at the time, but Kaufman never deposited the checks.

Kaufman appeared in the 1983 film My Breakfast with Blassie with professional wrestling personality "Classy" Freddie Blassie. The film was a parody of the art film My Dinner with Andre. Lynne Margulies, sister of the film's director, Johnny Legend, appears in it, and became romantically involved with Kaufman.

In 2002, Kaufman became a playable character in the video game Legends of Wrestling II and a standard character in 2004's Showdown: Legends of Wrestling. In 2008, Jakks Pacific produced for their WWE Classic Superstars toy line an action figure two-pack of Kaufman and Lawler, as well as a separate figure release with a royal blue robe.

On March 20, 2023, Kaufman was announced as the third inductee into the 2023 WWE Hall of Fame. He was inducted by Jimmy Hart.

Personal life
Kaufman never married. His daughter, Maria Bellu-Colonna (born 1969), was the child of an out-of-wedlock relationship with a high-school girlfriend and was placed for adoption. Bellu-Colonna learned in 1992 that she was Kaufman's daughter when she traced her biological roots. She soon reunited with her mother, grandfather, uncle, and aunt. Bellu-Colonna's daughter Brittany briefly appeared in Man on the Moon, playing Kaufman's sister Carol as a young child.

In December 1969, Kaufman learned Transcendental Meditation at college. According to a BBC article, he used the technique "to build confidence and take his act to comedy clubs." For the rest of his life, Kaufman meditated and performed yoga three hours per day. From February to June 1971, he trained as a teacher of Transcendental Meditation in Mallorca, Spain.

Lynne Margulies, who met Kaufman during the filming of My Breakfast with Blassie, was in a relationship with Kaufman from 1982 until his death in 1984. Margulies later codirected the 1989 Kaufman wrestling compilation I'm from Hollywood, and published the 2009 book Dear Andy Kaufman, I Hate Your Guts!.

Kaufman kept his personal life secret and instead engaged in pranks and stunts to further obscure it, such as claiming in a September 22, 1983, appearance on David Letterman's show to have adopted three sons.

Illness and death
At Thanksgiving dinner on Long Island in November 1983, several family members openly expressed worry about Kaufman's persistent coughing. He claimed that he had been coughing for nearly a month, visited his doctor, and was told that nothing was wrong. When he returned to Los Angeles, he consulted another physician and then underwent a series of tests at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. A few days later, he was diagnosed with large-cell carcinoma of the lung, typically associated with smoking.

After audiences were shocked by his gaunt appearance during January 1984 performances, Kaufman acknowledged that he had an unspecified illness that he hoped to cure with natural medicine, including a diet of all fruits and vegetables, among other measures. Kaufman received palliative radiotherapy, but by then the cancer had spread from his lungs to his brain. His final public appearance was at the premiere of My Breakfast With Blassie in March 1984, where he appeared thin and with a mohawk hair style (radiation treatments had caused the loss of his hair).

The next day, Kaufman and Margulies flew to Baguio, Philippines, where, as a last resort, he received treatments of a pseudoscientific procedure called psychic surgery (now recognized as explicitly deceptive medical fraud).

Afterward, Kaufman initially said that he felt better and returned to the U.S., but he died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on May 16, 1984, at the age of 35. He is buried in Beth David Cemetery in Elmont, New York.

Death-hoax rumors
Kaufman often spoke of faking his own death as a grand hoax, with rumors persisting, often fueled by sporadic appearances of Kaufman's character Tony Clifton at comedy clubs after his death. Kaufman's official website describes the faked death story as an "urban legend" and includes a picture of his death certificate.

"Clifton" performed a year after Kaufman's death at The Comedy Store benefit in Kaufman's honor, with members of his entourage in attendance, and during the 1990s made several appearances at Los Angeles nightclubs. Jim Carrey, who portrayed Kaufman in Man on the Moon, stated on the NBC special Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman that Bob Zmuda had been performing as the Clifton character.

In 2013, responding to rumors that Kaufman was still alive and following the appearance of an actress who claimed to be Kaufman's daughter, the Los Angeles County coroner's office rereleased Kaufman's death certificate to confirm that he was indeed dead and had been interred at Beth David Cemetery.

In 2014, Zmuda and Margulies coauthored Andy Kaufman: The Truth, Finally, a book claiming that Kaufman's death was indeed a prank, and that he would soon reveal himself, as his upper limit on the "prank" was 30 years. Kaufman did not reappear.

Legacy and tributes
Comedian Elayne Boosler, who dated and lived with Kaufman and credits him with encouraging her comedy career, wrote an article for Esquire in November 1984 in his memory. She also dedicated her 1986 Showtime special Party of One to Kaufman. An audio recording of Kaufman offering encouragement to Boosler is featured in the intro.

In 1992, the band R.E.M. released the song "Man on the Moon", a tribute to Kaufman. The song's video featured footage of Kaufman. On March 29, 1995, NBC aired A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman. The special featured clips of many of Kaufman's performances, as well as commentary by some of his friends, family and colleagues. During the special, comedian Richard Lewis said: "No one has ever done what Andy did, and did it as well, and no one will ever. Because he did it first. So did Buster Keaton, so did Andy." Carl Reiner recalled his distinction in the comedy world:"Did Andy influence comedy? No. Because nobody's doing what he did. Jim Carrey was influenced—not to do what Andy did, but to follow his own drummer. I think Andy did that for a lot of people. Follow your own drumbeat. You didn't have to go up there and say 'take my wife, please'. You could do anything that struck you as entertaining. It gave people freedom to be themselves."Reiner also said of Kaufman: "Nobody can see past the edges, where the character begins and he ends."

Carrey portrayed Kaufman in the 1999 biopic film Man on the Moon, directed by Miloš Forman. The film took its title from R.E.M.'s song of the same name. R.E.M. also performed the score for the film and recorded another Kaufman tribute song, "The Great Beyond". Carrey's portrayal was met with critical acclaim, earning him a Golden Globe Award for his performance. Forman named his twin sons Andrew and James after Kaufman and Carrey. In July 2012, Kaufman's play Bohemia West was staged in Providence, Rhode Island. Comedian Vernon Chatman compiled and produced Kaufman's first album, Andy and His Grandmother, via Drag City in 2013.

Kaufman is one of the featured celebrities in the 2005 children's book Different Like Me: My Book of Autism Heroes. Actress Cindy Williams, who was a close friend of Kaufman, devoted an entire chapter of her autobiography, Shirley, I Jest!: A Storied Life, to him. The Chris Gethard Show paid homage to the Kaufman Fridays incident with comedian Brett Davis throwing water on someone's face.

A neon likeness of Kaufman is on display at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles. The club's menu features the Andy Kaufman Special, which consists of "two cookies and a glass of ice cold milk."

The Vic Ferrari Band took its name from Kaufman's Taxi character.

According to executive producer Bill Oakley, the 1996 The Simpsons episode "Bart the Fink", in which Krusty the Clown fakes his death, was partially inspired by the rumors of Kaufman's faked death.

Al Jean, cocreator of the animated series The Critic, has said that the first-season drawing of Jon Lovitz's character Jay Sherman was loosely based on Kaufman.

In 2015, a bottled fragrance called Andy Kaufman Milk & Cookies was created.

German filmmaker Maren Ade has said that her 2016 film Toni Erdmann, which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, was partially inspired by Kaufman and Tony Clifton.

Since 2004, the Andy Kaufman Award competition has been held annually as "a showcase for promising cutting-edge artists with fresh and unconventional material, for those willing to take risks with an audience, and for those who do not define themselves by the typical conventions of comedy." Winners include Reggie Watts, Kristen Schaal, Brett Davis, Marcus Monroe, Brent Weinbach, Suzanne Whang, Nick Vatterott, Harry Terjanian, and Dru Johnston. For the 2015 Andy Kaufman Award show, Two Boots Pizza created a special Andy Kaufman pizza.

On June 20, 2019, it was announced that Kaufman would be honored with a posthumous star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the television category. He was part of the class of 2020.

The Russian band Korol' i Shut recorded the song "Endi Kaufman" on its album Teatr Demona.

On March 20, 2023, Kaufman was inducted to the WWE Hall of Fame as part of the celebrity wing of the class of 2023.

title: Andy Kaufman


text:
Billingsley, Alabama

Billingsley is a village in Autauga County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 125. It is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Education facilities

 * Billingsley High School

Geography
Billingsley is located at 32°39'37.498" north, 86°42'40.489" west (32.660416, -86.711247).

The community is located approximately 37 mi northwest of Montgomery, 69 mi south of Birmingham, and 69 mi southeast of Tuscaloosa via major roads in the area (I-65 and U.S. Route 82).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.4 km2, of which 0.003 sqkm, or 0.12%, is water.

History
Billingsley was initially referred to as Cartersville after the W. W. Carter family (the first settlers in the area) established a grist mill, a lumber company, and a cotton gin in the area. By the time the settlement had grown enough to warrant an official name, however, the Carter family was no longer the largest family, having been surpassed by the Billingsley family. Therefore, the town was named in honor of Clement Billingsley, who had served in the Revolutionary War. Billingsley was one of several war veterans from Virginia who moved west to present-day Autauga County. Upon Billingsley’s death in 1844, his assets, which included land, money, and enslaved African Americans, were divided among his children, thereby increasing the family’s prominence in the county. Billingsley is buried in the Gaines Cemetery in the town.

By the 1880s, Billingsley had a mail stop on a stagecoach route. In 1898, a Montgomery, Alabama branch of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad completed a line through town, bringing with it a construction and population boom. The town expanded enough to support six general stores among other businesses, and the local sawmill tripled its output. The town incorporated in 1901.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 116 people, 46 households, and 33 families residing in the town. The population density was 98.6 PD/sqmi. There were 58 housing units at an average density of 49.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 90.52% White, 6.03% Black or African American, 1.72% Native American and 1.72% Pacific Islander.

There were 46 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $44,688, and the median income for a family was $46,000. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $15,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,713. There were 10.0% of families and 11.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 14.8% of under eighteens and 4.8% of those over 64.

Emergency Services
Fire protection is provided by the Billingsley Volunteer Fire Department.

Emergency Medical Services are provided by Haynes Ambulance.

Law enforcement agency is the Autauga County Sheriffs Office.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Billingsley has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Notable People

 * Lady Bird Johnson, wife of President Lyndon B. Johnson, lived in Billingsley with relatives as a child for a time after her mother died and spent summers there until she was about 20 years old.

title: Billingsley, Alabama


text:
Talk:Buckriders

Untitled
translated from http://nl.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?Bokkenrijders

Why no Goat Riders of the Apocalypse?
Why does someone keep removing the information on the sports blog Goat Riders of the Apocalypse? It's an interesting story and they have a following. Shouldn't they be mentioned in this entry? Or should they get an entry of their own?
 * Probably because it is not relevant to the Limburg Legend, just because something uses the same name doesn't mean it should be in the same topic (can you image Paris the city and Paris the person in the same topic?). A new entry should be created for your info Mach10 13:00, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Title
It should be Buckriders since bok in dutch is a male goat.I changed the title but i don't know how to fix redirects or the one use of "goat rider" under the picture. This article doesn't cite references and is factually incorrect, contains original 'research(meaning the author's own opinions)It's premise is wholely incorrect since organised gangs of nighttime robbers, who were named buckriders by local people, DID exist and they DID commit numerous acts(armed robbery, extortion, arson by night, torture, murder, blasphemy) which one can't just dismiss as petty. The fact that a lot of myth surrounded them, and supernatural powers were falsely attributed to them doesn't make themselves myth. I'll edit it when i have more time WITH references
 * Whoow, like the effort, but would it not be normal to discuss a move before implementing it? Does somebody own an English text about the bokkenrijders? How are they called in it? Mach10 (talk) 04:33, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

yeah you're right. I should have waited. i tried to change it back. i couldn't, maybe you could do that, Mach10? there's not much written about them even in dutch, so in english i suppose you'd really have to search well since it's a very regional phenomenon. I found a few touristic (dutch)websites in english calling them goatriders but nothing 'authorative' only one (also dutch) site calling them buckriders but mayne his english was better  i did finf numerous references to 'goatriders of the apocalyps' but i dont think its related to this.Also theres a song by a metal band 3 Inches of Blood's "Goatriders Horde" which according to 1 fansite refers to them bu i dont how reliable that is. [[User:kfeto]] (talk) 21:45, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

 * If you search for 'goat riders 18th century' on Google you'll get some hits referring to the pack of bandits/robbers in The Netherlands and Belgium. And you get more relevant hits than when you search for 'buck riders 18th century'. Also the term is in the main Dutch - English dictionary by Van Dale. It's the best Dutch dictionary around in The Netherlands and is very reliable. In here the term is translated with 'Goat rider' and has a note that it applies to the history subject. I'd be more inclined to go with 'Goat Riders' instead of 'Buck riders'. It's the name of something and not a word, so you can't translate it literally. Even if you go with 'Buckriders' it should be 'Buck Riders' since 'buckrider' is not a word in English; they're two seperate words. Miles946 (talk) 13:50, 10 August 2010 (GMT +1 Amsterdam)

 * In blackmetal cricles the talk about goatworship, goatriders, buck is hardly used. The confusion is that "goat" has two meanings: It is the general term for the species, and also the term to indicate the female, while "buck" is only used with regard to gender. This is why in the English mythological or demonological terminology, the overall term for the species "goat" is used.  Buckriders isn't an appropriate translation, yes, buck is the etympological cognate of the Dutch "bok", but etymology is not everything.  Traditionally, goatriders is the translation, buckriders is wrong.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.83.103.13 (talk) 15:23, 12 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I translated the Dutch page of the buckriders, as was requested by the template at the top of the page. I am Dutch myself, and able to speak a decent deal of English. If someone has improvements on how I formulated certain phrases and expressions, feel free to edit it. If someone has further questions regarding Dutch content (primarily if you aren't able to translate or understand the dutch page yourself), you can ask me of course. Also, if someone can put some pictures on this page, that'd be great.Tal.beelen (talk) 09:23, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

Speaking of etymology, I learned about them as Bokkenrijders. I think Buckriders would do fine, as it is most similar to the original name. However, the term Goat rider is also used. I'd prefer buckriders myself, as Bok in Dutch means the male goat, and I believe that's buck. Goat however, means geit in Dutch and is the female goat. Preferably, I'd use buckriders for this reason.Tal.beelen (talk) 09:28, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

Referencing
Notable enough but would greatly benefit from more than a single reference. 2600:1004:B151:9D3F:0:4D:35EF:3601 (talk) 21:33, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buckriders


text:
Prattville, Alabama

Prattville is a city located within both Autauga and Elmore counties in the State of Alabama, United States, but serves as the county seat of Autauga County. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 37,781. Nicknamed "The Fountain City" due to the many artesian wells in the area, Prattville is part of the Montgomery metropolitan statistical area.

History
Prattville was founded in 1839 by industrialist and architect Daniel Pratt. The area was largely inhabited by Native Americans and a few settlers when Pratt, a native of Temple, New Hampshire, first observed the Autauga Creek in the 1830s. He purchased approximately 1,000 acre from Joseph May at $21.00 an acre, and set out to build his manufacturing facilities and the town along the banks of Autauga Creek. The location was chosen because the creek could supply power to the cotton gin manufacturing equipment. The town became an industrial center and rapidly grew. In 1868, it was named the county seat for Autauga County.

Prattville contains several sites on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Daniel Pratt Historic District, Bell House and Buena Vista.

Geography
Prattville is located at (32.462235, -86.461264). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.8 mi2 of which 32.9 mi2 is land and 0.9 mi2  (3.09%) is water. The city is located northwest of Montgomery and along Interstate 65 and U.S. Route 82. I-65 runs north to south east of downtown, with access from exits 179 and 181, both in the Elmore County portion of the city. I-65 leads southeast 14 mi to downtown Montgomery and north 82 mi to Birmingham. US 82 runs south with I-65 to downtown Montgomery, and northwest 89 mi to Tuscaloosa.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 37,781 people, 14,069 households, and 9,658 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 33,960 people, 12,711 households, and 9,305 families residing in Prattville. The population density was 1033.6 PD/sqmi. There were 13,541 housing units at an average density of 412.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 78.5% White, 16.7% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. 3.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 12,711 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city, the age distribution of the population showed 27.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,728, and the median income for a family was $51,774. Males had a median income of $36,677 versus $22,978 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,832. 8.3% of the population and 6.4% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 9.3% of those under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Prattville has a humid subtropical climate (abbreviated Cfa).

Severe weather
On February 17, 2008, Prattville was hit by an EF3 tornado which destroyed more than 45 homes and businesses and damaged over 700. Twenty-nine people were injured with no fatalities. Preliminary estimates put the damage at $85 million in insured and uninsured damages.

Education
Most of Prattville (the Autauga County portion) is part of the Autauga County School System, and has eight schools, including Prattville High School and the Autauga County Technology Center. The Elmore County portion is in the Elmore County Public School System.

Prattville Christian Academy and Autauga Academy are private schools based in the city. East Memorial Christian Academy was located in an unincorporated area of Autauga County, near Prattville, until it was closed down.

Emergency Services
Fire protection and Emergency Medical Services in Prattville are provided by the Prattville Fire Department.

Law enforcement agency is the Prattville Police Department.

Media
Prattville is part of the Montgomery television market. WOW! (formerly Knology) and Charter provide cable television service. DirecTV and Dish Network provide direct broadcast satellite television including both local and national channels to area residents. Prattville is also served by the twice-weekly Prattville Progress newspaper.

Recreation
The city has become a popular golf destination, featuring the Capitol Hill golf courses (part of the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail). Its Senator Course hosted the Navistar (now Yokohama Tire) LPGA Classic on the LPGA Tour from 2007 through 2012 when Navistar ended its sponsorship. There was no LPGA event at this course in 2013. The 2014 event, now known as the Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic after its new sponsor, was scheduled for September 18–21.

High Point Town Center is a large shopping center built in Prattville between 2007 and 2008. 10,000-capacity Stanley-Jensen Stadium is located in Prattville. It is mainly used for football and soccer.

Transportation
Major highways that pass through the city include:

Prattville also has a small airport about 3.5 miles from downtown.

Happy Hollow
Known for the signature hill that turns into a steep curve, located on present-day 6th Street, Happy Hollow was the center of African American life in Prattville in the 1950s. This marker was erected to honor the spirit of "equality" that resonated in Happy Hollow.

Notable people

 * Marlon Anderson, Major League Baseball player
 * Kaitlan Collins, journalist
 * Evan Crawford, Major League Baseball player
 * John Coleman Darnell, Egyptologist
 * Steve Gainer, Cinematographer
 * Bobby Greenwood, NFL offensive tackle
 * Roman Harper, NFL player.
 * C. M. Hazen, head coach for the University of Richmond football team from 1882 to 1888
 * O. J. Howard, former Tight End for the Alabama Crimson Tide. He was drafted 1st Round 19th Overall to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 * Randy Hunt, former Major League Baseball catcher
 * Charlie Lucas, sculptor
 * Nick Perry, NFL player and coach
 * Wilson Pickett, R&B and soul singer and songwriter "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"
 * Tommy Shaw, member of the band Styx
 * Brandon Taylor, author
 * Daniel Holcombe Thomas, chief judge of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Alabama from 1966 to 1971
 * Trust Company, alternative rock/post-grunge band
 * Kevin Turner, NFL player
 * Ernie Wingard, pitcher for the St. Louis Browns from 1924 to 1927
 * Zac Woodfin, NFL player.

Popular culture
Gabriel García Marquez mentions Prattville in his well-known work One Hundred Years of Solitude; Prattville is referred to as the original city of Jack Brown, the founder of the banana company.

Folklore
A popular ghost-story known as "The Black Lady," inspired by deaths caused by poor working conditions in the nearby factories of downtown Prattville, is a popular phenomenon described by most as a black, ghastly figure that goes across the nearby dam during the night hours of 1 am to 4 am and has been featured on the ghost hunting show, Deep South Paranormal.

This story, and additional Prattville ghost stories are cited by Digital Alabama.

title: Prattville, Alabama


text:
Bay Minette, Alabama

Bay Minette is a city in and the county seat of Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 8,044.

History
In the first days of Baldwin County, the town of McIntosh Bluff (now in Mobile County, west of Baldwin County) on the Tombigbee River was the county seat. After being transferred to the town of Blakeley in 1810, the county seat was later moved to the city of Daphne in 1868. In 1900, by an act of the legislature of Alabama, the county seat was authorized for relocation to the city of Bay Minette; however, the city of Daphne resisted relocation. The citizens of Bay Minette moved the county records from Daphne in the middle of the night on October 11–12, 1901 and delivered them to the city of Bay Minette, where the Baldwin County seat remains to this day. A mural for the new post office built in 1937 was commissioned by the WPA and painted by Hilton Leech to commemorate this event.

In September 2011, the town attempted to enact a program called "Operation Restore Our Community". It would have allowed those convicted of a misdemeanor to substitute imprisonment with mandatory church attendance for one year. However, this program was challenged due to violating separation of church and state, and the program's start was delayed for judicial review. It appears to have been scrapped.

Geography
Bay Minette is located near the center of Baldwin County in southern Alabama at 30.88333°N, -87.77722°W (30.883446, -87.777183). It is sited on high ground 5 mi east of the Mobile River/Tensaw River valley and 6 mi west of the Florida border formed by the Perdido River. U.S. Route 31 passes through the center of the city, leading south to Spanish Fort and northeast to Atmore. Interstate 65 passes about 5 mi north of the city, with access from exit 34 (State Route 59) and exit 37 (State Route 287).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.4 sqkm, of which 22.2 sqkm is land and 0.2 sqkm, or 0.75%, is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bay Minette has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
Bay Minette is part of the Daphne–Fairhope–Foley Micropolitan Statistical Area.

2020 Census data
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,107 people, 2,812 households, and 1,690 families residing in the city.

2010 Census data
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,040 people, 2,744 households, and 1,884 families residing in the city. The population density was 930 PD/sqmi. There were 3,586 housing units at an average density of 417 sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 60.4% White, 35.3% Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 1.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,744 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 21.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city, the population was 23.6% under the age of 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,389, and the median income for a family was $44,573. Males had a median income of $37,623 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,897. About 17.1% of families and 26.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.9% of those under age 18 and 18.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Bay Minette uses a mayor council government. The mayor is elected at large. The city council consists of five members who are elected from one of five districts.

Emergency Services
Fire protection is provided by the Bay Minette Fire Department.

Emergency Medical Services are provided by MedStar.

Law enforcement agency is the Bay Minette Police Department.

Public schools
Bay Minette is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system.

High schools
 * Baldwin County High School (grades 9 through 12)
 * North Baldwin Center for Technology (grades 9 through 12)

Middle school
 * Bay Minette Middle School (grades 7 and 8)

Intermediate school
 * Bay Minette Intermediate School (grades 4 through 6)

Elementary school
 * Bay Minette Elementary School (grades K through 3)

Higher education

 * Faulkner State Community College

Culture
Portions of the movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind were filmed near the town's Louisville and Nashville Railroad depot, and Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood was filmed in rural portions of Baldwin County near Bay Minette.

Transportation
Bay Minette Municipal Airport (1R8) is located 3 nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Bay Minette.

Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines.

Routes passing through the city include US 31 and Alabama State Route 59.

Notable people

 * Alton Moore, defensive end for Auburn University and NFL player Arizona Cardnials
 * Wallace Gilberry, defensive end for the Cincinnati Bengals
 * Todd Grisham, sports announcer for ESPN
 * Ellis Hooks, soul blues singer and songwriter was born here
 * John McMillan, State Treasurer of Alabama
 * Anthony Mix, former wide receiver for Auburn University and NFL player
 * Joe M. Rodgers, United States Ambassador to France
 * Scotty Joe Weaver, murder victim featured in the documentary Small Town Gay Bar

title: Bay Minette, Alabama


text:
Daphne, Alabama

Daphne is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay. The city is located along I-10, 11 miles east of Mobile and 170 miles southwest of the state capital of Montgomery. The 2020 United States Census lists the population of the city as 27,462, making Daphne the most populous city in Baldwin County. It is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area, which includes all of Baldwin County.

The inhabited history of what is now called Daphne dates at least to the Paleo-Indian period and Native American tribes around 9000 BC. Modern-day Daphne is a thriving suburb of nearby Mobile. Daphne has adopted the nickname ″The Jubilee City″ in recognition of its status as one of the locations of the Mobile Bay jubilee. The only other place jubilees occur is in Tokyo Bay.

History
Daphne and the surrounding regions have been populated since from at least 9,000 BCE. European settlers eventually displaced the Native Americans. After a variety of wars and treaties the area became part of the United States in 1814. Except for a period under the flag of the Confederate States of America, Daphne and its environs have remained part of the United States until this time. From Native American, to the Spanish, French and British, the city has seen a lengthy parade of historic influences which gives Daphne its present character.

Native American history
Early settlers to the region were hunter-gatherer tribes similar to those in North Alabama. A variety of Native American populations visited the area that would become Daphne including Tensaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole. This area came to be known as neutral ground where tribes would meet and discuss the relationships between their nations. Small groups worked together to acquire food and to provide for their families. Initially, these groups enjoyed an economy based upon hunting and scavenging but as time passed production of weapons and pottery became more advanced. During the late Woodland stage Native Americans began to practice more elaborate ritual services. Although no burial grounds are known in Daphne, they are scattered throughout nearby Baldwin County.

By 1500, the zenith of Native American culture in South Alabama, it is estimated that a community of about 5,000 lived within 50 miles of the seacoast. These peoples were among the first who met Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1540. From this meeting forward, the original settlers faced a disaster from which they did not recover.

European exploration and settlement
Daphne and the surrounding land shifted between English, French, Spanish and United States control.

The Spanish were the first European settlers to the area of Daphne arriving in 1557. Spanish control in the area was weak and in 1710 French explorers claimed Mobile Bay, the Eastern Shore of the Bay including Daphne, and land east to Perdido Bay. The French claim was largely uncontested by the Spanish. In 1763, the British were ceded land, including the future Daphne, from the French in the Treaty of Paris (1763). The community of Daphne was established the same year and was known simply as the Village. Inasmuch as the British occupied nearby Mobile at the end of the Seven Years' War, Daphne passed into British hands, and served as the eastern terminal of a ferry across Mobile Bay.

British rule ended in 1783 when the area was surrendered to Spain by the Treaty of Paris (1783). The area remained under Spanish control for over 30 years. In November 1814, U.S. General Andrew Jackson crossed the bay with 3,000 troops, marched east to Pensacola and defeated the British thus finalizing American control over Daphne.

Modern history
Secession and the Civil War came quickly following the election of 1860. Statistics are not available for Daphne, but in Baldwin County 65% of homes held at least one slave. On January 11, 1861, Alabama seceded from the Union. It joined the Confederate States of America on March 13, 1861. The town was named the county seat of Baldwin County, Alabama, in 1868 after the previous county seat, Blakeley, was deserted following the Civil War. At that time, Daphne was known as The Village of Bell Rose. Daphne was officially named and established, although unincorporated, on April 9, 1874, when the Post Office for Daphne was opened.

Baldwin County saw many distinct immigrant groups moving into the area in the late 19th century, particularly from Western Europe, and Daphne was the site of the first group which arrived in 1888. Alesandro Mastro Valero purchased land in Daphne to locate a refuge for Italian immigrants looking for a more pastoral alternative to the large urban cities of the north. In June 1895, land was purchased in Daphne for a Catholic church in what is now the center of Old Daphne to be built by the early Italian colonists. Father Angelo Chiariglione, a Scalbrini missionary from Torino, Italy, was the first resident pastor (1898–1909) of the church, known as the Church of the Assumption. This small-town church quickly gained the recognition of the Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy, who in 1898 sent a gift of rich vestments, an illuminated missal, a chalice, monstrance, candlesticks and other articles, and all are still on display in the present Christ the King Catholic Church, the cornerstone of which was laid in 1937.

Daphne remained the county seat until a legislative act of 1900, when the county seat was moved to Bay Minette. Daphne residents resisted the change and would not allow the county records to be removed. Those records were taken in a late night raid and moved to Bay Minette. According to another account, given in 1956 in an interview of one of the persons involved in the transfer, there was no raid; the arrangements for the move were made in advance between officials in both towns, and the county records were quietly loaded into wagons over a five-hour period on the evening of October 11, 1901, and then driven to Bay Minette the next day.

On July 8, 1927, Daphne was incorporated with a request for incorporation signed by 41 landowners. The initial population was listed as 500 residents. On September 19, 1927, the town held its first election. The first Mayor was James M. Voltz. An attempt in 1946 to revoke incorporation by unhappy residents failed.

In July 1997, Hurricane Danny struck the gulf coast bringing high winds and rains to the area. Due to the abnormal development of the storm, winds blew water out of Mobile Bay making it almost possible to walk across the bay. Hurricane Ivan made landfall in September 2004, south of Daphne near Gulf Shores, Alabama. The category 3 storm brought widespread flooding and damage throughout Daphne. The next year, Daphne weathered some effects of Hurricane Katrina although not nearly as severe as the 2004 storm.

In February 2008, Daphne became the last of the large cities in Baldwin County to enact a public smoking ban. After contentious council meetings, the ban was passed while exempting bars, private clubs and up to 30% of rooms in a hotel.

In November 2010, the Daphne City Council enacted a ban against texting while driving, becoming the first Mobile-area municipality to do so.

Geography
Daphne is located at 30°37'52.640" North, 87°53'11.184" West (30.631289, -87.886440). It is one of three cities that are collectively known as the Eastern Shore by locals. They are Spanish Fort to the north, Daphne in the center and Fairhope to the south.

The topography of Daphne is quite consistent from a gently sloping sea level on the west to low rolling hills further east. Generally, the entire city lies no more than 150 feet above sea level. The land along the Daphne bay coast, like other land throughout the county, is rich with sandy-loam type soils.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.1 sqmi, of which 13.5 sqmi are land and 0.6 sqmi (4.47%) is water.

Daphne is also known as the "Jubilee City." A Jubilee in Mobile Bay occurs when crab, shrimp, and other sea life from the waters of Mobile Bay are suddenly found washed ashore along the coastline. Biologists believe the phenomenon is due to a possible decrease in water oxygen levels which force the fish to the surface.

Nearby communities include: Fairhope, Spanish Fort, Loxley, Mobile, Point Clear, Robertsdale, Silverhill, Summerdale, Gulf Shores, Orange Beach, Bay Minette, Foley, Magnolia Springs, Elberta, Belforest, and Malbis.

Demographics
Daphne, like the surrounding Baldwin and Mobile counties, was settled by persons of varying nationalities who eventually melded into the American experiment.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 27,462 people, 9,457 households, and 6,254 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 21,570 people, 6,563 households, and 4,670 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,230.5 PD/sqmi. There were 10,113 housing units in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 84.10% White, 11.8% Black or African American, 1.51% Asian, 0.40% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. 2.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,889 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals living alone, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $52,603, and the median income for a family was $61,563. Males had a median income of $46,576 versus $29,052 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,597. About 2.6% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

Daphne's growth, along with the growth of other Eastern Shore communities, has been linked to the growth of nearby Mobile. For years the Eastern Shore communities were a quick vacation destination but as the large municipality grew, Daphne grew too.

Economy
Daphne is a suburb of nearby Mobile, Alabama. In 2007, Daphne saw retail sales of $653,422,000 or $34,438 per capita which compares favorably to the national average of $12,364. The median household income was $62,376 against a national average of $42,934, both measured through the 2007–2011 period. The home ownership was 74.6% and the median home value (2007–2011) was $187,000. The city is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan statistical area and was named among the top 10 such areas nationwide by Site Selection Magazine. The ranking is for areas with less than 200,000 population and is based upon the number of companies either expanding or relocating to the area.

Primary employment in Daphne is divided among education, healthcare and social assistance employers. Retail trade operations are a close second. Agriculture, once a primary foundation of the Daphne economy, now represents less than 0.6% of economic output. The economy is further supported by access to nearby Mobile, and large retail operations in Spanish Fort, just to the north. The largest employer in the county is the Baldwin County Board of Education which supports over 3,000 employees in Baldwin County. 70% of the $305 million budget pays salaries countywide

Like much of the nation, Daphne saw the economy plummet during the 2008 recession. Commercial real estate prices were especially hard hit. Investors who looked for a continued rise in values in Daphne were surprised to see their investments bottom out by 2012. However construction is underway by Airbus to build the A320 commercial jet at nearby Brookley Field in Mobile. That assembly plant is expected to generate 1,000 new jobs by 2018 and is expected to positively impact Daphne and the entire Baldwin County.

Parks and recreation
Daphne has a number of public parks, which include the following:
 * Daphne Sports Complex - opened in 2019, a beautiful ten field baseball and softball complex.
 * Trione Park - a large multi-field sports complex with football, soccer, softball/baseball fields.
 * Lott Park - located in Olde Towne Daphne, includes new tennis and pickleball courts opened in 2020, a legacy playground, bocce, basketball and practice baseball/softball facilities.
 * Centennial Park - children's playground located across from Daphne City Hall on Main Street.
 * May Day Park - Waterfront park that includes a large playground for young children, a boat launch and a pier on Mobile Bay.
 * Bayfront Park - Waterfront drive up park overlooking to the bay. A boardwalk entrance to Village Point Park Preserve.
 * Village Point Park Preserve -the largest park in Daphne with walking trails in a natural setting. The park is an estuary for wildlife and is also home to the historic D'olive family cemetery.

The Daphne Civic Center is a city-owned facility used to host a variety of recurring special events in the community. Constructed at a cost of $6 million, it opened to the public in December 1999. A senior citizens activity center and the Daphne Public Library are also located in the civic center complex.

Government
Daphne is incorporated in Baldwin County, Alabama. It is governed by a mayor and city council, both of which are elected by popular vote every four years. A semi-autonomous Utilities Board and Zoning Commission support the governance of the city. Daphne's current mayor is Robin LeJeune who is serving his first term as Mayor. Mayor LeJeune also served as council member and Council President. LeJeune was elected in the 2020 municipal election.

A seven-member city council serves the city of Daphne. Council members are selected within districts. Based upon the August 2012 election the council is composed of the following: district one councilwoman Tommie Conaway, district two councilman Steve Olen, district three councilman Joel Coleman, district four councilman Doug Goodlin, district five councilman and council president Ron Scott, and district six councilwoman Angie Phillips.

A semi-autonomous Utilities Board and Zoning Commission support the governance of the city.

Daphne is part of Alabama's 1st congressional district and is represented by Congressman Jerry Carl.

Emergency Services
Fire protection is provided by the Daphne Fire Department.

Emergency Medical Services are provided by MedStar.

Law enforcement agency is the Daphne Police Department.

Education
Public schools in Daphne are part of the Baldwin County Board of Education system which serves over 30,000 students throughout the county. The 2013–2014 budget was $305 million.

There are three elementary schools: Daphne East Elementary School (K-6), Daphne Elementary School North Campus (K-3) and W.J. Carroll Intermediate School (Daphne South) (4-6). Daphne Middle School serves 7th and 8th grade while Daphne High School educates grades 9-12. Three private schools serve the Daphne area, Bayside Academy (K-12), Christ the King Catholic School(CTKCS) (K-8), and Bayshore Christian School (PreK-12). A highly regarded public secondary school, Daphne High School extends progressive and globally-oriented offerings in its curriculum, such as its then-controversial Arabic language classes begun in August 2013.

Two schools offer collegiate curriculum in Daphne. Huntingdon College has a comprehensive graduate school in Daphne that focuses on business and professional graduate programs. The United States Sports Academy is an independent school offering sport-specific residential and online distance learning programs. In addition, it houses the American Sport Art Museum and Archives.

Transportation
For many years Daphne was isolated from the larger city of Mobile. A ferry was the only mode of transport from the eastern shore to the western shore. In 1929 a toll bridge was opened which crossed into Mobile. That bridge was replaced by the Cochrane-Africatown bridge. Also in 1929, US 98 was paved from Pensacola, through Daphne and into Mobile.

Interstate 10 travels near the northern border of Daphne. There are three exits into Daphne including intersections with US 98, US 90 and AL 181. Major routes within the city are grid style and include Baldwin County 13, Whispering Pine Road and Daphne Avenue.

The city is served by the Baldwin Rural Area Transportation Service, BRATS, a fare-based bus service which connects most cities in Baldwin County. Service also includes connector service to Mobile.

There is no rail or air service in Daphne. Scheduled commercial air service is offered at Mobile Regional Airport and the Pensacola International Airport. Both airports provide service to most major airline hubs.

Utilities
Daphne Public Utilities provides water, sewer and natural gas services to the city. There are about 11,000 water customers, 10,000 sewer customers and 4,000 natural gas customers. The utility operates 12 water wells, seven waste treatment facilities and dozens of pumping stations throughout the city. In 2009, the Utilities board was selected by the Wall Street Journal as one of the top 35 small workplaces in America. In 2010 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency named Daphne Utilities as the best large groundwater utility in eight southeastern states. In October 2013, Daphne Utilities approved a water and sewage rate hike of $21 million over three years. The rate hike will cover expenses related to expansion and compliance with federal regulations. The average increase will amount to $3.66 per month for the average residential customer.

Electrical service is provided by the Foley, Alabama based Riviera Utilities. Riviera resells electric current and has no generation facilities of its own. Landline telephone service is provided by AT&T. The city is in the 251 area code. Land based cable television service is provided by Mediacom.

Because of Daphne's proximity to the coast, all utilities prepare for tropical storms and hurricanes which often impact delivery of services.

Healthcare
Daphne is served by numerous physicians, surgeons and dentists. Two urgent care facilities offer walk-in service. Outpatient services are provided for diagnostic and surgical interventions. The city is also served by Thomas Hospital, a level III, 150 bed hospital in Fairhope, Alabama, 5 miles to the south. Across the bay in Mobile, there are several tertiary care facilities.

Thomas Hospital is owned by Infirmary Health System of Mobile. The system was named one of the top 57 healthcare systems in the nation in 2011 while Thomas Hospital was ranked as one of the top 20 medium-sized hospitals.

Inpatient rehabilitation services are offered by Mobile Bay Rehabilitation located on the bay in Daphne. The hospital was previously known as Mercy Medical but was sold to SE Healthcare for $9.4 million in 2011. Outpatient rehabilitation services are offered through various practitioners and through physician offices.

Notable people

 * Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki, American citizen who was a member and leader in the Somali Islamist militant group al-Shabaab
 * Ryan Anderson, linebacker for the Washington Commanders
 * Jeremy Clark, a football player for the New York Giants
 * Courtney Duncan, a major league baseball player.
 * Jimmy Green, professional golfer
 * Atlas Herrion, offensive lineman of several NFL teams who currently plays for the Arizona Rattlers of Arena Football 1.
 * Joseph Lawson Howze, prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Biloxi from 1977 to 2001.
 * Kenny King (defensive lineman) Former football player for the University of Alabama & Arizona Cardinals, and current athletic director at Daphne High School.
 * Eric Lee, defensive end for the New England Patriots
 * Michael Pierce, defensive lineman for the Baltimore Ravens
 * Bryant Turner, Jr., defensive lineman in the Canadian Football League
 * DeWitt Weaver, head coach of the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team from 1951 to 1960
 * Pat White, college football player (West Virginia University Mountaineers), 2007 Heisman Trophy finalist.
 * T. J. Yeldon, running back for the Jacksonville Jaguars

title: Daphne, Alabama


text:
Elberta, Alabama

Elberta is a town in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,498, up from 552 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

Geography
Elberta is located in southern Baldwin County. U.S. Route 98 (State Avenue) passes through the center of the town, leading west 5 mi to Foley and east 10 mi to Lillian, at the Florida border.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 17.8 km2, of which 17.5 sqkm is land and 0.3 sqkm, or 1.47%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,974 people, 752 households, and 413 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,498 people, 653 households, and 416 families residing in the town. The population density was 222 PD/sqmi. There were 982 housing units at an average density of 142.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 92.9% White, 1.4% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% Asian, 2.5% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. 5.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 653 households, out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,161, and the median income for a family was $31,964. Males had a median income of $29,575 versus $27,971 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,027. About 12.3% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.9% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Elberta is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system.

Elberta has two public schools, which are Elberta Elementary School (K-6) and Elberta High School (7-12). In addition, there is one private school in Elberta; Saint Benedict's Catholic School. The school was founded in 1921 and serves the six surrounding parishes of: St. Bartholomew, Elberta, St. Margaret of Scotland, Foley,  St. Joseph, Lillian, Our Lady of the Gulf, Gulf Shores, and St. Thomas by the Sea, Orange Beach. Elberta High School opened to grade nine as of August 2017 and had its first graduating class in 2021.

History
Elberta was founded in the early 20th century by a Chicago-based land company. The Baldwin County Colonization Company was organized in 1903, and the first settlers arrived in 1904. The community was founded by farmers who had immigrated from Germany to the Midwest of America. The land company advertised the area as having rich soil and a climate that allowed year-round farming. The first two organized churches were Lutheran (1908) and Catholic (1905).

The land company laid out Baldwin County in the manner found in the Midwest; that is to say, roads were laid out on section lines that were due north-south and east-west. Property, especially farms, were laid out in squares. With the immigration taking these farmers through Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and other Midwestern states, the early years of the community resembled Midwestern farming communities more than those of the Deep South. In the 1930s through the 1940s, the town boasted a farmer's hall where dancing and singing were enjoyed, a hotel, and a movie theatre, as well as a butcher shop, grocery and drug store. Many of the residents spoke German, and St. Mark's Lutheran Church offered German-language services until 1976.

The State Bank of Elberta was incorporated in 1922. The bank was unusual in that it did not close during the Great Depression.

The town was incorporated by vote on December 9, 1952.

To support the town's volunteer fire department, the Elberta German Sausage Festival was started in the mid-1970s. This event is held the last weekend of March and the last weekend of October and features polka music, Elberta German Sausage, and 250 arts and crafts vendors. In 2014, the October festival saw an estimated 40,000 visitors.

The town is the home of the Baldwin County Heritage Museum. The museum is located on U.S. Highway 98 east of the town. It features exhibits devoted to the development of Baldwin County. The museum includes a large amount of farm equipment and exhibits of life in farm homes. The old St. Mark's Lutheran Church building was moved to the grounds and restored.

title: Elberta, Alabama