text:
Lake of the Pines, California

Lake of the Pines is a census-designated place (CDP) and a gated residential community in Nevada County, California, United States. The population was 3,917 at the 2010 census.

History
Lake of the Pines was laid out by property developers in the 1960s.

Geography
Lake of the Pines is located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California, at 39.03857°N, -121.06135°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.8 sqmi, of which, 1.5 sqmi of it is land and 0.4 sqmi of it (19.00%) is water.

Lake of the Pines is commonly associated with a gated residential community which surrounds a reservoir, also named Lake of the Pines. The reservoir was created by damming Magnolia Creek, in the Bear River watershed, and it has a maximum elevation of 459 m (1507 ft). The gated community contains a golf course looping around the reservoir. The community is normally accessed only through the main entrance from Magnolia Road, just northeast of Combie Road.

The boundaries of the census-designated place differ slightly from the boundaries of the gated community. As the CDP boundaries tend to follow streets, the CDP excludes many parcels in the periphery of the gated community and includes a shopping center in Combie Road. In postal addresses, the area is considered a part of Auburn, though the city of Auburn is in Placer County.

2010
At the 2010 census Lake of the Pines had a population of 3,917. The population density was 2,122.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Lake of the Pines was 3,669 (93.7%) White, 5 (0.1%) African American, 20 (0.5%) Native American, 65 (1.7%) Asian, 7 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 24 (0.6%) from other races, and 127 (3.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 246 people (6.3%).

The census reported that 3,917 people lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,567 households, 478 (30.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 977 (62.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 157 (10.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 62 (4.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 54 (3.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 15 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 314 households (20.0%) were one person and 197 (12.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.50. There were 1,196 families (76.3% of households); the average family size was 2.84.

The age distribution was 871 people (22.2%) under the age of 18, 221 people (5.6%) aged 18 to 24, 594 people (15.2%) aged 25 to 44, 1,276 people (32.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 955 people (24.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 49.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

There were 1,768 housing units at an average density of 957.8 per square mile, of the occupied units 1,234 (78.7%) were owner-occupied and 333 (21.3%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.3%. 2,932 people (74.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 985 people (25.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 3,956 people, 1,554 households, and 1,252 families in the CDP. The population density was 2,634.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,652 housing units at an average density of 1,100.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.46% White, 0.15% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.19%.

Of the 1,554 households 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.0% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 16.6% of households were one person and 11.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.83.

The age distribution was 22.9% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 18.6% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 27.3% 65 or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.

The median household income was $52,105 and the median family income was $55,861. Males had a median income of $46,500 versus $32,155 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,357. About 4.7% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
In the state legislature, Lake of the Pines is in, and.

Federally, Lake of the Pines is in.

title: Lake of the Pines, California


text:
Lake Wildwood, California

Lake Wildwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nevada County, California, United States. The population was 4,991 at the 2010 census, up from 4,868 at the 2000 census.

Lake Wildwood is mainly a gated community and news about the CDP is published in a twice a month newspaper, The Wildwood Independent. Local businesses and residences are listed in the annual "Penn Valley Area Directory" published by "Pine Tree Press".

History
Lake Wildwood was laid out by property developers in the 1960s.

In September 1988, the 49er Fire was accidentally started by a homeless and schizophrenic local man near Highway 49. The fire went on to burn well over a hundred homes and more than 33,000 acres in Nevada County, including many homes in the Lake Wildwood area.

Geography
Lake Wildwood is located at 39.235°N, -121.20306°W (39.234885, -121.203026).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 sqmi, of which 3.1 sqmi is land and 0.5 sqmi (12.89%) is water.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Lake Wildwood had a population of 4,991. The population density was 1,421.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Lake Wildwood was 4,726 (94.7%) White, 17 (0.3%) African American, 46 (0.9%) Native American, 56 (1.1%) Asian, 10 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 32 (0.6%) from other races, and 104 (2.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 272 persons (5.4%).

The Census reported that 4,988 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 3 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 2,225 households, out of which 462 (20.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,463 (65.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 125 (5.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 57 (2.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 64 (2.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 15 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 496 households (22.3%) were made up of individuals, and 334 (15.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24. There were 1,645 families (73.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.58.

The population was spread out, with 843 people (16.9%) under the age of 18, 204 people (4.1%) aged 18 to 24, 689 people (13.8%) aged 25 to 44, 1,412 people (28.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,843 people (36.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 58.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.

There were 2,641 housing units at an average density of 752.1 /sqmi, of which 1,856 (83.4%) were owner-occupied, and 369 (16.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.8%. 3,937 people (78.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,051 people (21.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,868 people, 2,157 households, and 1,688 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,590.5 PD/sqmi. There were 2,391 housing units at an average density of 781.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.53% White, 0.23% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.28% of the population.

There were 2,157 households, out of which 18.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.0% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.7% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.52.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16.4% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 13.9% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 36.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $58,290, and the median income for a family was $61,972. Males had a median income of $53,162 versus $34,167 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,167. About 1.9% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 1.5% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
In the state legislature Lake Wildwood is located in, and.

Federally, Lake Wildwood is in.

Lake Wildwood is represented on the Nevada County Board of Supervisors by Republican Hank Weston, a retired fire chief.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lake Wildwood, California


text:
Nevada City, California

Nevada City (originally, Ustumah, a Nisenan village; later, Nevada, Deer Creek Dry Diggins, and Caldwell's Upper Store) is the county seat of Nevada County, California, United States, 60 mi northeast of Sacramento, 84 mi southwest of Reno and 147 mi northeast of San Francisco. The population was 3,152 as of the 2020 Census.

History
Native Americans occupied the area.

European Americans first settled Nevada City in 1849, during the California Gold Rush, as Nevada (Spanish for "snow-covered", a reference to the snow-topped mountains in the area). The Gold Tunnel on the north side of Deer Creek was the city's first mine, built in 1850. The first sawmill in Nevada City was built on Deer Creek, just above town, in August 1850, by Lewis & Son, with a water wheel. In 1850–51, Nevada City was the state's most important mining town, and Nevada County the state's leading gold-mining county. In 1851, The Nevada Journal became the first newspaper published in the town and county. The first cemetery in town, the Pioneer Cemetery, was founded around 1851 behind the Nevada City United Methodist Church, Nevada County's first denominational church.

The town of Nevada was incorporated on April 19, 1856. In 1864, the word “City” was added to its name to relieve confusion with the nearby state of Nevada, and the town has legally been known as Nevada City ever since. The former town of Coyoteville later became Nevada City's northwestern section.

Buildings and structures
The Nevada City Downtown Historic District covers the downtown section roughly bounded by Spring, Bridge, Commercial, York, Washington, Coyote, and Main Streets. Several historical buildings have received National Register of Historic Places or California Historical Landmark status, and have been preserved. These include:
 * Court house and city hall Art Moderne facades are attributable to Works Progress Administration projects.
 * Doris Foley Library for Historical Research (NRHP No. 90001809), 211 North Pine Street, is a Carnegie library.
 * Miners Foundry (CHL No. 1012), 325 Spring Street, was the first manufacturing location of the Pelton wheel.
 * National Hotel (CHL No. 899), 211 Broad Street, is one of the oldest continuously operating hotels west of the Rocky Mountains.
 * Nevada City Firehouse No. 2
 * Nevada Brewery (NRHP No. 85002303), 107 Sacramento Street, was used for brewing and serving lager beer to the mining community.
 * Nevada Theatre (CHL No. 863), 401 Broad Street, is California's oldest original-use theatre.
 * South Yuba Canal Office (CHL No. 832), 134 Main Street, was used during the period of 1857 to 1880.

Geography
Nevada City is located at 39.26144°N, -121.0186°W at 2,500 feet above sea level.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.2 sqmi, 99.83% of it land and 0.17% water.

Nevada, Missouri, is named after Nevada City.

Most of Nevada City lies on brown sandy loam soils of the Hoda series which developed on granitic rock.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Nevada City had a population of 3,068. The population density was 1,399.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Nevada City was 2,837 (92.5%) White, 26 (0.8%) African American, 28 (0.9%) Native American, 46 (1.5%) Asian, 0 (0%) Pacific Islander, 40 (1.3%) from other races, and 91 (0.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 205 persons (6.7%).

The Census reported that 2,829 people (92.2% of the population) lived in households, 56 (1.8%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 183 (6.0%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,356 households, out of which 317 (23.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 510 (37.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 155 (11.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 79 (5.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 97 (7.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 15 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 488 households (36.0%) were made up of individuals, and 168 (12.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09. There were 744 families (54.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.67.

The population was spread out, with 517 people (16.9%) under the age of 18, 199 people (6.5%) aged 18 to 24, 720 people (23.5%) aged 25 to 44, 1,075 people (35.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 557 people (18.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.

There were 1,510 housing units at an average density of 688.9 /mi2, of which 786 (58.0%) were owner-occupied, and 570 (42.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.8%. 1,678 people (54.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,151 people (37.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,001 people, 1,313 households, and 740 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,425.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,415 housing units at an average density of 671.9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 94.3% White, 0.4% African American, 1.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.

There were 1,313 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.7% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 32.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,667, and the median income for a family was $46,149. Males had a median income of $32,070 versus $29,183 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,399. About 1.7% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Nevada City elects a five-member city council. Council members select the mayor and vice mayor from their ranks. Council members appoint residents to a five-member Planning Commission.

Nevada City launched a "Goat Fund Me" campaign to raise $25,000 to have goats graze through dense brush in the municipal greenbelt. Nevada City is considered particularly at risk of wildfire, a "very high fire hazard severity zone" because of its wooded steep hillsides, narrow streets, 19th-century Gold Rush-era homes, and thick tree canopy.

County, state, and federal representation
Nevada City is in Nevada County. The District 1 Supervisor is Heidi Hall.

In the state legislature, Nevada City is in, and.

Nevada City is in.

According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Nevada City has 2,353 registered voters. Of those, 1,225 (52.1%) are registered Democrats, 384 (16.3%) are registered Republicans, and 297 (12.6%) have declined to state a political party.

Economy
Tourism, government services, digital media industry, resource extraction (timber) and commercial services are the basis of the local economy..

Tourism
Tourists visit Nevada City for outdoor recreation, history, fine arts and entertainment and special events. Nevada City attracts vacationers in all four seasons and is a popular weekend getaway for visitors in Northern California and Nevada. Nevada City serves as a base for recreation in the nearby Tahoe National Forest, South Yuba River and the High Sierras. It is 45 minutes from Donner Summit area skiing and 60–90 minutes from Lake Tahoe ski areas. Nevada City's tourist attractions include:
 * South Yuba River State Park — Four season hiking and gold panning, spring whitewater boating and summer/fall swimming on the federally designated Wild and Scenic South Yuba River.
 * Historic downtown area — Much of the city's downtown area (bisected by Broad Street) is in the National Register of Historic Places. Most of the buildings date from the 19th century.
 * The Nevada City Classic — Since 1960, downtown is the site for a challenging professional cycling race. Races for juniors, men, and women usually take place on Father's Day Weekend. The race attracts thousands of visitors. In June 2009, Lance Armstrong was the winner.
 * Nevada City Winery was the first bonded winery to open in Nevada County after Prohibition.

Culture
Live music, theater and dance are performed nearly continually at Miners Foundry Cultural Center and the Nevada Theatre.

Museums and galleries
The Nevada County Historical Society operates Historic Firehouse No. 1 Museum downtown and the Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad & Transportation Museum in the Seven Hills Business District area. The Miners Foundry Cultural Center has a small museum. Many businesses also have displays of photos and historic artifacts dating to the Gold Rush and pioneer eras. Several art galleries and businesses exhibit fine art.

Recurring events
Several major cultural events occur annually, including Victorian Christmas (street fair), Summer Nights (street fair), Mardi Gras, Fourth of July Parade, Teddy Bear Convention, and Psychic Faire.
 * The Constitution Day Parade is held the second Sunday of September since 1967. It is one of the oldest and largest Constitution observances in the western United States. The event features youth, business and nonprofit entries, the Ophir Prison Marching Kazoo Band and, since 1987, the Famous Marching Presidents (and their First Ladies).
 * Wild & Scenic Film Festival — Beginning in 2003, the festival has showcased films on a full range of environmental issues and films emphasizing outdoor adventure and extreme sports. The event takes place in January and occupies multiple venues in downtown Nevada City. It has become one of the largest film festivals of its kind in the nation.
 * Nevada City Film Festival — Started in 2001, the festival has grown from a showcase for local filmmakers to an international film festival hosting notable filmmakers from around the country including director Mike Mills (Thumbsucker, The Beginners), director Jonathan Krisel (Portlandia), actress and comedian Natasha Leggero (Last Comic Standing), and Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! The annual festival is held over the course of four days in August. The Nevada City Film Festival has been called "The Sundance of the Foothills".
 * Nevada City Storytelling Festival — At the North Columbia Schoolhouse Cultural Center in nearby North Columbia, the festival has attracted major national and regional storytellers since 1985. The event takes place each July in a pine-shaded amphitheater built specifically for storytelling.
 * Summer Nights – An outdoor street festival of art and music held several Wednesday evenings in July. During Summer Nights, Nevada City's landmark historic district is closed to motorized traffic and filled with arts, crafts, classic cars, food, drink and music.
 * Victorian Christmas – This annual family tradition takes place two Wednesday evenings and three Sunday afternoons in December, and features holiday activities for all ages: carriage rides, arts & crafts, live entertainment, and savory yuletide treats and libations. The streets of downtown Nevada City are closed to motorized traffic for Victorian Christmas.

Twin town
Nevada City is twinned with Penzance, a seaside town in Cornwall, UK, and the nearby tin and copper mining town of St Just in Penwith, Cornwall, UK. The twinning is a result of Cornish migration during the Californian gold rush in which Cornish mining expertise migrated to the area. City Hall has a room dedicated to the twinning and houses Cornish memorabilia and items donated on various exchanges. Penzance Youth Wind Band has joined forces with Nevada Union High School's instrumental music department on two occasions.

Film location
An abundance of historic buildings, autumn leaf color and attractive natural surroundings have made Nevada City an ongoing setting for film and television productions, including feature films and commercials. The area is also a popular location for photography. Modern-day Nevada City was the setting for the 2006 Hallmark Channel original movie, The Christmas Card.

Education
Nevada City has its own school district with three schools: Deer Creek (K-4), Seven Hills (5–8) and Nevada City Charter School (K-8). Other large schools in the area include Nevada City School of the Arts, Yuba River Charter School, and Forest Charter School

After 8th grade, most students attend Nevada Union High School in nearby Grass Valley as part of the Nevada Joint Union School District. Other high schools in the area include Silver Springs High School, Ghidotti High School, Sierra Academy of Expeditionary Learning, Forest Charter, Bitney Prep High School, Bear River, and other smaller private and charter schools.

Higher education
Other local schools include the California College of Ayurveda and Connected Communities Academy.

Climate
Owing to its exposed location on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada City receives moderate to heavy rainfall for California at 59 in, though its climate is otherwise fairly typical for the state, classified as Mediterranean (Csa/Csb). Although exceedingly heavy snow falls on the nearby mountains, it rarely falls in the city. During a typical year, there are 31 days with temperatures of 90 °F or higher, 75 freezing nights, and 60 days where the temperature fails to reach 50 °F. The record high temperature is 111 °F, set on August 14, 1933, and the record low is -1 °F, set on January 21, 1937, and on December 9, 1972.

Notable people

 * Lexie Alford (born 1998), youngest person to travel to every country
 * Tina Basich (born 1969), professional snowboarder
 * Donald J. Butz, U.S. Air Force (born 1933), Major General
 * Jennie Carter (1830–1881) African-American journalist and essayist
 * Anthony Chabot (1813–1888), 19th-century businessman and entrepreneur; co-inventor of hydraulic mining in Nevada City
 * Peter Collier (1939–2019), political author, editor of RAMPARTS magazine
 * Joseph Cornell (born 1950), naturalist and author
 * Alela Diane (born 1983), singer/songwriter
 * Matt DiBenedetto (born 1991), NASCAR driver
 * Heather Donahue, actress, American writer
 * Eleanor Dumont (1829–1879), professional gambler
 * Alasdair Fraser (born 1955), Scottish fiddler and owner of Culburnie Records
 * Noah Georgeson (born 1975), musician, producer
 * Felix Gillet (1835–1908), pioneer California horticulturist
 * Oakley Hall (1920–2008), novelist
 * Robert M. Hunt (1828–1902), physician
 * Roger Hodgson (born 1950), singer/songwriter and ex-Supertramp member
 * Swami Kriyananda (1926–2013), spiritual teacher and founder of Ananda Village
 * Cliff Kushler, inventor
 * Charles Marsh, possibly Nevada City's first resident and namer of the town
 * Tully Marshall (1864–1943), actor
 * Jim McClarin (born 1945/1946), politician
 * John McEntire (born 1970), drummer, recording engineer, and music producer
 * Thomas Bard McFarland (1828–1908), associate justice of the Supreme Court of California
 * Stephen McNallen (born 1948), Germanic Neopagan leader and writer
 * Joanna Newsom (born 1982), harpist, singer/songwriter, and actress
 * Tim O'Connor (1927–2018), actor
 * John Olmsted (1938–2011), naturalist, co-creator of The Independence Trail State Park
 * Utah Phillips (1935–2008), folk singer, activist
 * Ed Reimers (1912–2009), actor and television announcer
 * Terry Riley (born 1935), composer
 * Gyan Riley (born 1977), guitarist and composer
 * Alexander Rossi (born 1991), professional race car driver, winner of the 100th Indianapolis 500-Mile Race in 2016
 * Julia Ann Rudolph (c. 1820), photographer who had a studio in the city from 1856 to around 1860
 * Aaron A. Sargent (1827–1887), U.S. Senator
 * Lorenzo Sawyer (1820–1891), Chief Justice of the California Supreme Court
 * Niles Searls (1825–1907), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California
 * Claus Sievert (1949–2009), printmaker, illustrator
 * Mariee Sioux (born 1985), singer/songwriter
 * Gary Snyder (born 1930), poet
 * Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight (born 1953), editor
 * Evan Strong (born 1986), professional snowboarder
 * Heinrich Sylvester Theodor Tiling (1818–1871), physician and botanist

title: Nevada City, California


text:
Penn Valley, California

Penn Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nevada County, California. The population was 1,621 at the 2010 census, up from 1,387 at the 2000 census. The large Lake Wildwood master-planned community, although a separate CDP, has a Penn Valley postal address, and is sometimes considered part of the general Penn Valley community.

History
The community may be named for Madame Penn, the original owner of the town site.

Geography
Penn Valley is located at 39.19833°N, -121.18889°W (39.198214, -121.188965).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 sqmi, all of it land.

2020
The 2020 United States Census reported that Penn Valley had a population of 1,593. There were 665 housing units. There were 478 households.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Penn Valley had a population of 1,621. The population density was 764.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Penn Valley was 1,434 (88.5%) White, 9 (0.6%) African American, 34 (2.1%) Native American, 23 (1.4%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 31 (1.9%) from other races, and 90 (5.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 143 persons (8.8%).

The Census reported that 1,611 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 10 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 628 households, out of which 195 (31.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 301 (47.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 91 (14.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 41 (6.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 36 (5.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 163 households (26.0%) were made up of individuals, and 74 (11.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57. There were 433 families (68.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.02.

The population was spread out, with 363 people (22.4%) under the age of 18, 136 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 321 people (19.8%) aged 25 to 44, 506 people (31.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 295 people (18.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

There were 666 housing units at an average density of 313.9 /sqmi, of which 485 (77.2%) were owner-occupied, and 143 (22.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.3%. 1,186 people (73.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 425 people (26.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,387 people, 530 households, and 383 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 659.3 PD/sqmi. There were 561 housing units at an average density of 266.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.4% White, 0.8% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 5.5% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.5% of the population.

There were 530 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,962, and the median income for a family was $37,115. Males had a median income of $33,068 versus $21,133 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,582. About 9.2% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
In the state legislature, Penn Valley is in, and.

Federally, Penn Valley is in.

Recreation

 * Lake Wildwood
 * Englebright Lake
 * Yuba River
 * Bridgeport Covered Bridge

Tourism
Penn Valley hosts a rodeo event each year in late Spring and has attracted as many as 5,000 spectators during one of its events. The Penn Valley Rodeo is organized by Penn Valley Community Rodeo Association since 2005. In the 1950s, the Penn Valley Fire Dept. needed funds. George Alan Smith, a local cowboy and heavy equipment operator, came up with the idea of holding a rodeo. George talked Pegar (of Pegar's 'Y') into donating the land, and then he leveled and build the grounds with his D-9 CAT bull-dozer. George enlisted the help of friends and relatives on weekends, evenings, and holidays to set posts, build fence and chutes, and put up bleachers. George, a WWII Navy Vet, was the nephew of Jay and Bessie Peacock, owners of the Peacock Ranch (at the top of Pet Hill). In 1951, he married Lynn Margaret Gleason, daughter of Harold & Mildred Gleason who owned the Lazy Valley Angus Ranch, which was the original stage stop between Reno and Sacramento during the Gold Rush. As they built the arena, George and Lynn organized the weekend calf-ropings there. Lynn and other ropers' wives put together a refreshment stand, and their children collected pop bottles under the bleachers, turning them in for the refunds. All of this served to work out any problems with the arena before the big event. The first Penn Valley Rodeos featured intermission entertainment provided by local rancher, Larry Filer and his horse, Jim. Larry claimed that he never trained Jim, and that Jim initiated all his humorous antics. Jim would pull the handkerchief out of Larry's back pocket, count, play dead, take a nap and steal the covers, steal Larry's hat, etc. The first rodeo was a success, and it took on a life of its own. The local Fire Department and residents volunteered their time and efforts to help put on the annual event. The Penn Valley Rodeo quickly became "the summer event" for people from all over California to attend.

Notable residents

 * Chuck Yeager, retired General in the United States Air Force and first man to break the sound barrier.
 * Tanner Vallejo, NFL football player.

title: Penn Valley, California


text:
Truckee, California

Truckee is an incorporated town in Nevada County, California, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 16,180, reflecting an increase of 2,316 from the 13,864 counted in the 2000 Census and having the 316th highest population in California and 2114th in the United States.

Name
Truckee's existence began in 1863 as Gray's Station, named for Joseph Gray's Roadhouse on the trans-Sierra wagon road. A blacksmith named Samuel S. Coburn was there almost from the beginning, and by 1866 the area was known as Coburn's Station. The Central Pacific Railroad selected Truckee as the name of its railroad station by August 1867, even though the tracks would not reach the station until a year later in 1868. It was renamed Truckee after a Paiute chief, whose assumed Paiute name was Tru-ki-zo. He was the father of Chief Winnemucca and grandfather of Sarah Winnemucca. The first Europeans who came to cross the Sierra Nevada encountered his tribe. The friendly chief rode toward them yelling, “Tro-kay!”, which is Paiute for 'Everything is all right'. The unaware travelers assumed he was yelling his name. Chief Truckee later served as a guide for John C. Frémont.

Habitation by Native Americans
The Truckee River flows from Lake Tahoe for approximately 100 mi northeast to the border of the arid Great Basin of Nevada and Utah and into Pyramid Lake. This water source formed a natural, seasonal route for Native Americans. Although no particular tribe is considered to have inhabited Truckee year-round, the Washoe people occupied a large territory roughly centered in the modern day Carson City area, but Shoshone and Paiute Tribes were also present (the Paiute Tribe Reservation now encompasses Pyramid Lake).

These peoples are considered to be the primary source of Native American travelers in the area. Hobart Mills, just north of Truckee on Highway 89, has a large, horizontal, circular petroglyph of the type common to travel routes in Nevada. The dates of that petroglyph, as well as several etched into granite slabs on the summit west of Truckee, are not agreed upon. But those artifacts, as well as the abundance of arrowheads throughout the Truckee region, attest to a minimum of hundreds of years of Native American presence.

Like most of the modern history of the West, as the European settlers' population increased, the Native American population decreased. The Gold Rush of 1849 caused a surge in fortune-seeking settlers (although Truckee itself wasn't settled until later).

It is not known exactly when the last indigenous Native Americans passed through Truckee, but there is Washoe people oral history of the Donner Party tragedy of the winter of 1846–47.

Donner Party
The Donner Party ordeal is arguably Truckee's most famous historical event. In 1846, a group of settlers from Illinois, originally known as the Donner-Reed Party but now usually referred to as the Donner Party, became snowbound in early fall as a result of several trail mishaps, poor decision-making, and an early onset of winter that year. Choosing multiple times to take shortcuts to save distance compared to the traditional Oregon Trail, coupled with infighting, a disastrous crossing of the Utah salt flats, and the attempt to use the pass near the Truckee River (now Donner Pass) all caused delays in their journey. Finally, a large, early blizzard brought the remaining settlers to a halt at the edge of what is now Donner Lake, about 1200 ft below the steep granite summit of the Sierra Nevada mountains and 90 mi east of their final destination, Sutter's Fort (near Sacramento). Several attempts at carting their few remaining wagons, oxen, and supplies over the summit—sometimes by pulling them up by rope—proved impossible due to freezing conditions and a lack of any preexisting trail. The party returned, broken in spirit and short of supplies, to the edge of Donner Lake. A portion of the camp members also returned to the Alder Creek campsite a few miles to the east.

During the hard winter the travelers endured starvation and were later found to have practiced cannibalism. Fifteen members constructed makeshift snowshoes and set out for Sutter's Fort in the late fall but were thwarted by freezing weather and disorientation. Only seven survived: two were lost, and six died. Those who died were used as food by those who remained. The Truckee camp survivors were saved by a Reed Party member who had set out ahead after having been ejected from the party months earlier for killing another man in a violent argument. Seeing that the group never arrived at Sutter's Fort, he initiated several relief parties.

Of the original 87 settlers in the Donner-Reed party, 48 survived the ordeal. The Donner Memorial State Park is dedicated to the settlers and is located at the East End of Donner Lake.

Other historical events
Truckee grew as a railroad town originally named Coburn Station, starting with the Transcontinental Railroad. The railroad goes into downtown Truckee, and the Amtrak passenger lines still stop there on the trip from Chicago to San Francisco.

Truckee's Sinophobic movement had begun during the Reconstruction Period, marked by the Trout Creek Outrage of 1876:

"By 1876, some 300 of the town’s residents, from workers to its most prominent citizens, had formed a local chapter of the Order of the Caucasians, also known as the Caucasian League, to drive out the Chinese. Truckee gained statewide notoriety that summer when late one night seven of the group's members, clad in black, surrounded and set fire to two cabins full of Chinese woodcutters who had refused to leave the area. The vigilantes shot at the Chinese men as they ran out of the cabin, killing forty-five-year-old Ah Ling."

Charles Fayette McGlashan, local lawyer and owner/publisher of the Truckee Republican, defended those accused in the Trout Creek Outrage and was a leader in the town's anti-Chinese movement. In 1886, the town's Chinese inhabitants, about 1,400 in number, were expelled from Truckee as part of a campaign that included a boycott of any business that did business with Chinese.

In 1891, lawman Jacob Teeter was killed in a violent gunfight with fellow lawman, James Reed (no relation to James Frazier Reed of the Donner Party). Constable Reed was among those accused of participating in the Trout Creek Outrage fifteen years prior.

Truckee reportedly had one of the nation's first mechanized ski lifts at the site of the Hilltop Lodge. The historic Hilltop Lodge was converted to a restaurant in the 1940s by the Crandall Brothers, and eventually became Cottonwood Restaurant and Bar. There were possibly two rope tows and a Poma lift, which was installed in 1954. At the same location there was a ski jump constructed during the early 1900s that was designed by Lars Haugen, a seven-time Olympic ski jumping champion.

Incorporation
In 1993, Truckee incorporated as a city.

Geography and climate

Truckee is located along Interstate 80.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 33.7 sqmi, of which 32.3 sqmi is land and 1.3 sqmi (3.96%) is water, mostly Donner Lake and the Truckee River.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification system, Truckee has a humid continental climate (Dsb) with Mediterranean like characteristics. Winters are chilly with regular snowfall, while summers are warm to hot and dry, with occasional periods of intense thunderstorms. Its location near the Sierra Nevada crest at 1798 m provides conditions for winter storms to commonly deposit nearly a meter of snow in a 24-hour storm event and the occasional week-long storm event can deliver 2 to 3 m of snow. The National Weather Service reports that Truckee's warmest month is July with an average maximum temperature of 82.7 F and an average minimum temperature of 42.4 F. January is the coldest month with an average maximum temperature of 40.9 F and an average minimum temperature of 16.3 F. The record maximum temperature of 101 °F (40 °C) was on August 28, 1915. The record minimum temperature of -28 F was on February 27, 1962. Annually, there are an average of 8.4 days with highs of 90 F or higher and 239 with a high above 50 F. Freezing temperatures have been observed in every month of the year and there are an average of 228.4 nights with lows of 32 F or lower – seven more than Fairbanks and only eight fewer than Nome – but only 6.0 nights with lows of 0 F or lower and 15.6 days where the high does not top freezing.

Normal annual precipitation in Truckee is 30.85 inch; measurable precipitation (0.01 inch or more) occurs on an average of 87.0 days annually. The most precipitation in one month was 23.65 inch in December 1955, and the most precipitation in 24 hours was 5.21 inch on February 1, 1963. The wettest calendar year has been 1997 with 54.62 in and the driest 1976 with 16.04 in, although the extremes by “rain year” are a maximum of 53.50 in between July 1981 and June 1982 and a low of 15.91 in between July 2000 and June 2001.

Truckee has an average of 206.6 inch of snow annually, which makes it the fifth-snowiest city in the United States, while snow cover usually averages 28 in in February, but has exceeded 115 in. The most snow in one month was 196.0 inch in February 1938, and the most in a season was 444.30 inch between July 1951 and June 1952. The maximum 24-hour snowfall was 34.0 inch on February 17, 1990.

2020
The 2020 US Census reported that Truckee had a population of 16,729. According to the Census, the breakdown of the town's population by race and ethnicity in 2020 was: 12,946 (77.4%) White, 3,128 (18.7%) Hispanic or Latino, 31 (0.2%) African American, 92 (0.5%) Native American, 275 (1.6%) Asian, 9 (0.1%) Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 1,446 (8.8%) other races, and 1,930 (11.5%) from two or more races.

Per the 2021 American Community Survey, 50.3% of residents were male and 49.7% were female. 22.2% of residents were under 18, 15.9% were 65 or older, and the median age was 41.9 years. 8.1% of the town's population were people with disabilities.

There were 6,247 households, out of which 59.7% were married-couple family households, 18.8% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 12.5% had a female householder with no spouse present. The average family size was 3.07.

There were 13,374 housing units, of which 49.4% were reported as vacant and 50.6% were reported as occupied.

12.8% of Truckee residents had moved: 4.1% of Truckee residents had moved within the same county, 5.2% had moved from a different county within California, 1.1% had moved from a different state, and 2.4% had moved from abroad.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Truckee had a population of 16,180. The population density was 480.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Truckee was 13,992 (86.5%) White, 3,016 (18.6%) Hispanic or Latino, 60 (0.4%) African American, 95 (0.6%) Native American, 241 (1.5%) Asian, 15 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,431 (8.8%) from other races, and 346 (2.1%) from two or more races.

The Census reported that 16,137 people (99.7% of the population) lived in households, 43 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,343 households, out of which 2,135 (33.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,443 (54.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 411 (6.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 314 (5.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 502 (7.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 43 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,382 households (21.8%) were made up of individuals, and 275 (4.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54. There were 4,168 families (65.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.98.

The population was spread out, with 3,769 people (23.3%) under the age of 18, 1,139 people (7.0%) aged 18 to 24, 5,030 people (31.1%) aged 25 to 44, 4,986 people (30.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,256 people (7.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.3 males.

There were 12,803 housing units at an average density of 380.4 /sqmi, of which 4,326 (68.2%) were owner-occupied, and 2,017 (31.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.8%. 10,783 people (66.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,354 people (33.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,864 people, 5,149 households, and 3,563 families residing in the town. The population density was 426.1 PD/sqmi. There were 9,757 housing units at an average density of 299.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 88.4% White, 0.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.6% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.8% of the population.

There were 5,149 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 36.8% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 5.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $58,848, and the median income for a family was $62,746. Males had a median income of $38,631 versus $29,536 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,786. About 2.8% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over. Recent land clearing outside town limits may affect the population.

Transportation
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Truckee. The town's passenger rail station is located in the historic downtown. Amtrak Train 5, the westbound California Zephyr, departs Truckee daily with service to Colfax, Roseville, Sacramento, Davis, Martinez, and Emeryville across the bay from San Francisco. Amtrak Train 6, the eastbound California Zephyr, departs Truckee daily with service to Reno, Sparks, Winnemucca, Elko, Salt Lake City, Provo, Helper, Green River, Grand Junction, Glenwood Springs, Denver, Omaha, Galesburg, and Chicago. Capitol Corridor service from San Jose has been proposed, with the intention of going to Reno, Nevada. It is uncertain whether that extension may ever happen because there is only a single-track tunnel through the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountains at Norden, California. Traffic is heavy, often with trains waiting on either side to cross through, and therefore the Union Pacific railroad has said in the past that it is unlikely that Amtrak passenger rail travel will increase in frequency unless a second tunnel is built.

There is a free public bus, operated by neighboring Placer County, California; this connects the Truckee train station to the West Shore of Lake Tahoe, and a second goes to Incline Village, Nevada. There are also winter ski buses between Reno Airport and the ski areas near Truckee. Greyhound operates from the Amtrak rail station, going west to Sacramento and San Francisco, and east to Reno, Salt Lake City, and Denver. There are also private bus companies from the San Francisco Bay Area which bring skiers up to Truckee for day trips.

Interstate 80 passes just to the north of central Truckee. Essentially, it follows the old emigrant wagon route. Reno is 31 mi to the east on I-80. State Route 89, a north–south highway, connects Truckee to the West Shore of Lake Tahoe.

The Truckee-Tahoe Airport provides access to the North Lake Tahoe recreational area through general aviation services. The airfield boasts a 7000-foot main runway and a 4600-foot crosswind runway. The airport is not serviced by any commercial airline at the present time, although commercial flights are available from the nearby Reno-Tahoe International Airport. There are also glider tours operated from the airport.

Government
The town is governed by a five-member Town Council, which elects one of its members as Mayor; the mayor presides over meetings and ceremonial events, but has no other special responsibilities. The mayor as of December 2019 is David Polivy. The first mayor of Truckee was Kathleen Eagan.

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Truckee is in, and.

In the United States House of Representatives, Truckee is in.

According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Truckee has 9,910 registered voters. Of those, 4,336 (43.8%) are registered Democrats, 1,901 (19.2%) are registered Republicans, and 1,398 (14.1%) have declined to state a political party.

Education
The closest large universities are in Reno, Nevada, and Sacramento, California. The two-year Sierra College, headquartered in Rocklin, has its Tahoe-Truckee campus in town. Students can complete all the requirements for a two-year Associate of Arts degree at this campus, as well as various certificates.

The Tahoe-Truckee Unified School District provides K-12 education to Truckee and the Lake Tahoe area with nine traditional schools, of which two elementary schools, a middle school, elementary school and Truckee High School are in the town itself. A newer middle school was recently built as well.

In interscholastic athletics, due to Truckee's isolation from the rest of California by the Sierra Nevada crest, Truckee High competes in the Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association along with four other similarly isolated California schools: North Tahoe High School, South Tahoe High School, Coleville High School, and Needles High School.

Notable people

 * Krista Benjamin, poet and writer
 * Alissa Bjerkhoel, litigation coordinator, California Innocence Project
 * Win Butler, Canadian-American singer, songwriter, musician, and multi-instrumentalist
 * Stacey Cook, World Cup alpine ski racer
 * Kathleen Eagan, former mayor of Truckee
 * Andy Finch, snowboarder
 * Travis Ganong, World Cup alpine ski racer
 * Chas Guldemond, snowboarder
 * Jeff Hamilton, former World Speed Skiing champion, 1992 Olympic Bronze Medal winner
 * Peter Johnson, former World Mogul Skiing champion
 * Jeremy Jones, snowboarder
 * Neel Kashkari, banker and politician
 * Errol Kerr, downhill skier
 * Ximena McGlashan, entomologist
 * Debbie Meyer, former competition swimmer
 * Daron Rahlves, a former World Skiing champion and Olympian
 * Pierre Robert, rock music personality, WMMR in Philadelphia
 * Karly Shorr, snowboarder
 * April Stewart, voice actress
 * Marco Sullivan, former World Cup alpine ski racer
 * Annika Taylor, cross country skier
 * Amy Westervelt, journalist
 * Maia Wilkins, ballerina

title: Truckee, California


text:
Aliso Viejo, California

Aliso Viejo (Spanish for "Old Sycamore") is a city in the San Joaquin Hills of southern Orange County, California. It had a population of 52,176 as of the 2020 census, up from 47,823 as of the 2010 census. It became Orange County's 34th city on July 1, 2001, the only city in Orange County to be incorporated since 2000. It is bordered by the cities of Laguna Beach on the west and southwest, Laguna Hills on the east, Laguna Niguel on the southeast, and Laguna Woods on the north. It is similarly named to another nearby city, Mission Viejo.

History
The Acjachemen are the Indigenous people of Aliso Viejo, who lived in the area for thousands of years. The people established numerous villages along Aliso Creek. With the arrival of settlers, the Acjachemen village sites would later become the southern areas of the Moulton Ranch.

The planned community of Aliso Viejo's original 6,600 acre were once part of the 26,000 acre Moulton Ranch, owned by the Moulton family, who took title in the 1890s to land originally granted to Juan Avila by the Mexican government in 1842. Over the years, portions of the ranch were sold and became Leisure World, Laguna Hills and Laguna Niguel.

In 1976, the Mission Viejo Company purchased the remaining 6,600 acres to create a new planned community – Aliso Viejo – with a master plan for 20,000 homes for a planned population of 50,000. The master plan was approved by the Orange County in 1979, and homes were first offered for sale in March 1982. Aliso Viejo's first family moved in that November. As part of the project, 2,600 acre were dedicated to Orange County as part of the Aliso and Wood Canyons Wilderness Park, and 800 acre were set aside for local parks, recreation, schools and community facilities.

The Aliso Viejo Community Association (AVCA) was set up to manage the local parks and community open space. It was the first community-wide association of its kind in California and has the unique ability to provide a full range of community services and facilities.

Aliso Viejo was the first planned community in California to plan a balance between the projected resident work force and the number of projected jobs within its borders. Pacific Park, the centrally located 900 acre business park and town center, was expected to ultimately provide more than 22,000 jobs. Every home in Aliso Viejo was located within 1+1/2 mi of Pacific Park, to encourage live-and-work opportunities.

Incorporation
Aliso Viejo had been an unincorporated community since 1979, and incorporated as a city in 2001 due to the efforts of the Aliso Viejo Cityhood 2000 Committee, which was responsible for introducing an initiative on the ballot for the 2001 special election. Voters passed the initiative with 93.3% in favor of incorporation. Carmen Vali-Cave, the co-founder and president of the committee, became the new city's first mayor.

The seal of the city of Aliso Viejo was adopted in 2001 at incorporation. The seal features several mountains, a sunset, a tree, and several buildings. Also, the seal features the slogan "July 2001", in celebration of the city's incorporation date.

Aliso Viejo is a general law city with a council-manager system of government. Day-to-day operations are handled by a professional city manager overseen by a volunteer city council. The City Council of Aliso Viejo consists of five members serving staggered four-year terms. Each year, the Council votes for its next Mayor and Mayor pro tem. The current City Council consists of Mayor Mike Munzing, Mayor Pro-Tem Tiffany Ackley, and Council Members David C. Harrington, Ross Chun, and William Phillips.

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Aliso Viejo is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Aliso Viejo is in.

Politics
Aliso Viejo is a swing city at the presidential level. According to the California Secretary of State, as of October 22, 2018, Aliso Viejo has 27,699 registered voters. Of those, 9,210 (33.25%) are registered Republicans, 8,800 (31.77%) are registered Democrats, and 8,388 (30.28%) have declined to state a political party/are independents.

Geography
Aliso Viejo is located at 33.575°N, -117.72556°W (33.575096, -117.725431) in the San Joaquin Hills of Orange County. According to the Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.5 sqmi, all of which is land. Aliso Viejo is one of several cities bordering Aliso and Wood Canyons Regional Park. Aliso Creek forms part of the city's boundary with Laguna Niguel to the south, and Wood Canyon Creek forms part of the city's western boundary. Much of the city rests on the east slope of the San Joaquin Hills, which are a coastal mountain range extending for about 15 mi along the Pacific coast.

2020
The 2020 United States Census reported a population of 52,176. The racial makeup was 68.3% White, 2.7% African American, 15.4% Asian, and 18.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Aliso Viejo had a population of 47,823. The population density was 6,400.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Aliso Viejo was 34,437 (89.0%) White (77.8% Non-Hispanic White), 967 (2.0%) African American, 151 (0.1%) Native American, 6,996 (14.6%) Asian, 89 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 2,446 (5.1%) from other races, and 2,737 (5.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,164 persons (17.1%).

The Census reported that 47,354 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 450 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 19 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 18,204 households, out of which 7,095 (39.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 9,358 (51.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,966 (10.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 791 (4.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 987 (5.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 206 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 4,416 households (24.3%) were made up of individuals, and 638 (3.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60. There were 12,115 families (66.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.16.

The population was spread out, with 12,395 people (25.9%) under the age of 18, 3,739 people (7.8%) aged 18 to 24, 17,138 people (35.8%) aged 25 to 44, 12,003 people (25.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,548 people (5.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

There were 18,867 housing units at an average density of 2,525.1 /sqmi, of which 11,049 (60.7%) were owner-occupied, and 7,155 (39.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.6%. 29,819 people (62.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 17,535 people (36.7%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 40,166 people, 16,147 households, and 10,689 families residing in what was, at the time, a Census Designated Place (CDP). The population density was 3,927.7 PD/sqmi. There were 16,608 housing units at an average density of 1,624.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 78.16% White, 10.99% Asian, 2.06% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 3.51% from other races, and 4.66% from two or more races. 11.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 16,147 households, out of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.01.

The population was distributed with 26.1% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 48.8% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 3.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the CDP was $92,280, and the median income for a family was $99,853. Males had a median income of $61,316 versus $44,190 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $35,244. About 2.3% of families and 2.8% of the population lived below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Companies located in Aliso Viejo include:

 * 3tera, a cloud computing software vendor
 * AND1, a shoe and apparel company
 * Buy.com, an online retailer
 * Centon Electronics, Inc., a manufacturer of computer memory and flash-based storage devices
 * Fluor, an international construction contractor for petrochemical, infrastructure, and environmental projects, headquartered in Aliso Viejo until it was relocated to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex suburb of Irving, Texas in March 2006. Some divisions still reside in Aliso Viejo.
 * Ketel One, a vodka company
 * Marie Callender's, a restaurant chain
 * Microsoft's office after the purchase of DATAllegro
 * Nimbus Data, a network storage systems and software company
 * Pacific Life, an insurance company
 * QLogic, a network storage manufacturer
 * Quest Software (formerly Dell Software), a software manufacturer
 * Smith Micro Software, a software developer
 * Tamiya America, US subsidiary of the manufacturer of model cars Tamiya Corporation, headquartered in Aliso Viejo until it was relocated to Irvine, CA.
 * UST Global, an IT, Technology and Digital Transformation company
 * USWeb, an Internet marketing company
 * Microsemi Corporation, a semiconductor company
 * Sony Interactive Entertainment, a multinational video game and digital entertainment company
 * Carbine Studios, a video game developer, partnered with NCSOFT
 * Metagenics, a medical manufacturing company
 * Meta Solar, a solar energy installation company
 * Vertos Medical, a manufacturer of surgical instruments used to perform minimally invasive procedures
 * Ambry Genetics, a health care genetic lab, a subsidiary of parent company Konica Minolta

Top employers
According to the city's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Points of interest

 * The Aliso Viejo Library, a branch of the Orange County Public Library system, opened on January 31, 1998.
 * Aliso Viejo Golf Course was designed by Nicklaus Design in 1999 and became the Aliso Viejo Country Club with a redesign in 2005.
 * Soka University of America was dedicated on May 3, 2001, with a 103-acre campus and 18 buildings, a $250 million (land and construction) project.
 * Soka Performing Arts Center, a 1,000-seat concert hall with acoustics designed by Yasuhisa Toyota (who also designed Walt Disney Concert Hall); opened in September 2011.

Sports teams

 * The Orange County Gladiators were an American Basketball Association (ABA) expansion team founded in November 2007 until 2009. They played their home games at Aliso Niguel High School.

"Dihydrogen monoxide" incident
Aliso Viejo city officials famously came close to banning polystyrene cups in 2004 after a paralegal working for the city discovered the dhmo.org parody website and learned that they contain "dihydrogen monoxide", failing to realize that this is simply an alternative name for water.

William Freund murder-suicide
In October 2005, the city gained national media attention once again when 19-year-old resident William Freund donned a cape and mask, and murdered two of his neighbors, 22-year-old Christina Smith and her father Vernon, before killing himself. Freund had Asperger syndrome and posted on an Internet message board for people with the disorder, in which he talked of suicide and acts of violence. On November 17, 2006, the family of the two victims sued Freund's parents for "wrongful death and emotional distress." Freund lived with his parents at the time of the shooting and had a history of mental disorders including Asperger syndrome and attention deficit disorder, but the court ruled that Freund's parents were not liable for his actions because he was an adult at the time and the attacks were unforeseen.

School dance ban
In September 2006, Charles Salter, the principal of Aliso Niguel High School, Aliso Viejo's high school, gained widespread media attention when he banned all school dances until further notice. Salter came under fire for his decision. The decision was based on the school's "Welcome Back Dance", at which several students arrived intoxicated, while others engaged in "freak dancing", which Salter views as inappropriate at a school dance. At the end of the month, Salter stood his ground and cancelled the school's annual Homecoming Dance, which gained both Salter and the school notoriety. A story on the school was featured on the national television program, Geraldo at Large and the BBC also covered the dance ban. In late November, it was announced that the dances would return to the school, but under new rules that banned "freak dancing".

Proposed mail distribution center
In 2008–early 2009, Aliso Viejo residents were protesting the United States Postal Service's plan to build a large mail distribution facility. The proposed facility would have up to 500 employees and USPS trucks traveling over residential streets 24 hours per day. Residents were concerned about damage to city streets, traffic and the trucks traveling through city neighborhoods. On March 9, 2009, the USPS announced that it would not move forward with plans to build the distribution facility due to the economic outlook at the time.

Emergency services
Fire protection in Aliso Viejo is provided by the Orange County Fire Authority with ambulance service by Care Ambulance. Law enforcement is provided by the Orange County Sheriff's Department.

Public K–12
A tiny portion of the city, the Bells Vireo neighborhood of El Toro Road, are contracted out to the Laguna Beach Unified School District in Laguna Beach. Due to the city's inaccessibility at times, students who live in that portion may choose to attend the Capistrano Unified School District, which includes these schools:

Elementary
 * Canyon Vista Elementary School
 * Don Juan Avila Elementary School
 * Oak Grove Elementary School
 * Wood Canyon Elementary School

Middle school
 * Aliso Viejo Middle School
 * Don Juan Avila Middle School

High school
 * Aliso Niguel High School

Private K–12

 * VanDamme Academy
 * St. Mary and All Angels School
 * Aliso Viejo Christian School

Higher education

 * Saddleback College (Mission Viejo, California)
 * Irvine Valley College (Irvine, California)
 * Orange Coast College (Costa Mesa, California)
 * Soka University of America

Notable people

 * Farzad Bonyadi, professional poker player
 * Ryan Coiner, Major League Soccer player for the Columbus Crew
 * Ryan Getzlaf, center for the Anaheim Ducks
 * Jim Gilchrist, politician and founder of the Minuteman Project
 * Kenneth Kizer, CEO and former Under Secretary of Health in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs
 * Ivan Koumaev, contestant on the reality series So You Think You Can Dance
 * Royce Lewis, baseball player, first selection of 2017 MLB Draft
 * Jason Martin, indie rock musician
 * Marc Maiffret, computer security expert/computer hacker
 * McKayla Maroney, gymnast, 2012 Olympic champion
 * Alex Michelsen, tennis player, 2022 Wimbledon Boys' Doubles champion
 * Kathryn Plummer, professional volleyball player for Imoco Volley
 * Kyla Ross, gymnast, 2012 Olympic champion
 * Blake Sabol, baseball player for the San Francisco Giants
 * Toni Turner, author
 * Alisa Valdez-Rodriguez, author
 * Ashley Wagner, figure skater, 3-time U.S. champion
 * Alicia Leigh Willis, actress known for her role as Courtney Matthews on General Hospital
 * Ashley Palmer, actress, Paranormal Activity

title: Aliso Viejo, California


text:
Brea, California

Brea is a city in northern Orange County, California. The population as of the 2010 census was 39,282. It is 33 mi southeast of Los Angeles. Brea is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

The city began as a center of crude oil production, was later propelled by citrus production. It is a significant retail center, including the Brea Mall and downtown Brea. The city has an extensive public art program which began in 1975 and continues today with over 140 artworks in the collection placed and located throughout the city.

Indigenous
The area began as part of the homelands of the Tongva, who lived in the area for thousands of years before any contact was made with Europeans. The tribe established numerous villages in the area interconnected by extensive trails for travel and trade with neighboring Indigenous nations. The closest known village site to the city of Brea today is Hutuknga.

Spanish era
The area was visited on July 29, 1769, by the Spanish Portolá expedition – the first Europeans to see inland parts of Alta California. The party camped in Brea Canyon, near a large native village and a small pool of clean water. A historical marker dedicated to his visit stands in Brea Canyon just north of town.

The village of Olinda was founded in present-day Carbon Canyon at the beginning of the 19th century and many entrepreneurs came to the area searching for "black gold" (petroleum).

American era
In 1894, the owner of the land, Abel Stearns, sold 1200 acre west of Olinda to the newly created Union Oil Company of California, and by 1898 many nearby hills began sporting wooden oil drilling towers on the newly discovered Brea-Olinda Oil Field. In 1908 the village of Randolph, named for railway engineer Epes Randolph, was founded just south of Brea Canyon for oil workers and their families. Baseball legend Walter Johnson grew up in Olinda at the start of the 20th century where he worked in the surrounding oil fields as a youth. The villages of Olinda and Randolph grew and merged as the economy boomed. On January 19, 1911, the town's map was filed under the new name of Brea, from the Spanish language word for natural asphalt, also called bitumen, pitch or tar. With a population of 752, Brea was incorporated on February 23, 1917, as the eighth official city of Orange County.

As oil production declined, some agricultural development took place, especially lemon and orange groves. In the 1920s, the Brea Chamber of Commerce promoted the city with the slogan “Oil, Oranges, and Opportunity.”

In 1950, Brea had a population of 3,208, which is 641 more than ten years prior. The citrus groves gave way gradually to industrial parks and residential development. In 1956, Carl N. Karcher opened the first two Carl's Jr. restaurants in Anaheim, California and Brea, California. The opening of the Orange Freeway (57) and the Brea Mall in the 1970s spurred further residential growth, including large planned developments east of the 57 Freeway in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.

In the late 1990s, a 50 acre swath of downtown Brea centered on Brea Boulevard and Birch Street was heavily redeveloped into a shopping and entertainment area with movie theaters, sidewalk cafes, a live comedy club from The Improv chain, numerous shops and restaurants, and a weekly farmer's market. It is locally known and signed as Downtown Brea. The downtown area opened in 2000.

Sunset magazine named Brea one of the five best suburbs to live in the Western United States in early 2006.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12.1 sqmi. 12.1 sqmi of it is land and 0.26% is water.

It is bordered by unincorporated Orange County and Los Angeles County to the north and east, La Habra to the west, Fullerton to the southwest, Placentia to the south, Chino Hills to the northwest, and Yorba Linda to the southeast.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brea has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

Local
Brea is governed by a council-manager system. The five-member city council is elected to four-year terms in elections held every two years to fill alternately two and three seats. The council is made up of the mayor, the mayor pro tem and three councilmembers. The council elects a mayor from the serving councilmembers to serve a one-year term as mayor. The city council hires a city manager to direct the city's departments and advise the council. The council appoints members of the Planning Commission; Parks, Recreation and Human Services Commission; Cultural Arts Commission, and Traffic Committee.

City services
Fire protection for Brea is provided by the Brea Fire Department (BFD) and law enforcement is provided by the Brea Police Department. Within Carbon Canyon, in the Olinda neighborhood of Brea, is situated Olinda Landfill, a major waste management facility serving a large part of Orange County.

Management of the city and coordination of city services is provided by:

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Brea is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Brea is split between, and.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Brea had a population of 39,282. The population density was 3,243.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Brea was 26,363 (67.1%) White (52.7% Non-Hispanic White), 549 (1.4%) African American, 190 (0.5%) Native American, 7,144 (18.2%) Asian, 69 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 3,236 (8.2%) from other races, and 1,731 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9,817 persons (25.0%).

The census reported that 39,213 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 69 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 14,266 households, out of which 5,043 (35.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 8,132 (57.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,605 (11.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 632 (4.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 569 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 100 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,070 households (21.5%) were made up of individuals, and 1,265 (8.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75. There were 10,369 families (72.7% of all households); the average family size was 3.23.

The population was spread out, with 9,057 people (23.1%) under the age of 18, 3,654 people (9.3%) aged 18 to 24, 10,669 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 10,952 people (27.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,950 people (12.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

There were 14,785 housing units at an average density of 1,221.0 /mi2, of which 9,266 (65.0%) were owner-occupied, and 5,000 (35.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.3%. 26,889 people (68.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 12,324 people (31.4%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Brea had a median household income of $82,055, with 5.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
There were 13,067 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $64,820, and the median income for a family was $68,423. Males had a median income of $50,500 versus $35,674 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,307. About 3.4% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Brea is traditionally a Republican stronghold at the presidential level; however, Democratic candidate Joe Biden carried the city in 2020. According to the California Secretary of State, as of October 22, 2018, Brea has 24,775 registered voters. Of those, 9,991 (40.33%) are registered Republicans, 7,370 (29.75%) are registered Democrats, and 6,466 (26.10%) have declined to state a political party or are independents.

Top employers
According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Education
The city is primarily served by the Brea Olinda Unified School District which operates six elementary schools, one junior high school (Brea Junior High School), one high school (Brea Olinda High School) and one continuation high school (Brea Canyon High School). A small portion of Brea is also directed to Sonora High School in La Habra in the Fullerton Joint Union High School District. That small portion is also directed to the La Habra City School District. In addition, students can also take an assessment to place in nearby Troy High School in Fullerton, also part of the Fullerton High School District.

There are many private schools in Brea, the Brea Head Start (Pre) Brea Olinda Friends School (Pre-6), Brea Congregational Pre-School, Brea Foursquare Church (Pre-5), Brea United Methodist Pre-School ("BUMPS"), Carbon Canyon Christian School (K-12), Christ Lutheran School (Pre-8), St. Angela Merici Parish School (TK-8), and Montessori of Brea (K-6). Brea is also home to the Southern California College of Business and Law and the Southern California extension of Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary.

School awards
Local schools have won several awards. Brea Olinda High School and Olinda Elementary School have been named Blue Ribbon Schools. Additionally, Arovista Elementary, Country Hills Elementary, Fanning Elementary, Mariposa Elementary, Olinda Elementary, Brea Junior High and Brea Olinda High schools have been named California Distinguished Schools. Laurel Elementary received a Title I Academic Achievement Award. Brea Junior High School and Brea Olinda High School have been named California Gold Ribbon Schools.

Notable people

 * Cody Fajardo, Quarterback for the Montreal Alouettes
 * Stephanie J. Block, Broadway actress/singer
 * James Cameron, film director/producer/screenwriter
 * JoAnn Dean Killingsworth, actress & dancer, first person to play Snow White at Disneyland
 * Travis Denker, Major League baseball player (San Francisco Giants)
 * Kyle Fogg, professional basketball player
 * Tommy Gallarda, Pro Football player (Atlanta Falcons)
 * James Hetfield, musician (Metallica)
 * Walter Johnson, Major League baseball pitcher for the Washington Senators
 * Randy Jones, Major League baseball player (San Diego Padres)
 * Joe Maddon, Major League baseball manager (Chicago Cubs)
 * Alli Mauzey, Broadway actress/singer
 * Evan Moore, Pro Football player (Green Bay Packers)
 * Jeanette Pohlen, Women's National Basketball Association player (Indiana Fever)
 * Cruz Reynoso, jurist
 * Ken Spears, animator & co-founder of Ruby-Spears Productions
 * Caroline Zhang, figure skater
 * Nikki Ziering, model and actress
 * Norma Zimmer, singer
 * Mark Rober, YouTuber and former NASA and Apple engineer

Sister cities
Brea is twinned with:
 * 🇰🇷 Anseong, South Korea (2011)
 * 🇯🇵 Hannō, Japan (1980)
 * 🇲🇽 Lagos de Moreno, Mexico (1969)

title: Brea, California


text:
Buena Park, California

Buena Park (Buena, Spanish for "Good") is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census its population was 84,034. It is the location of several tourist attractions, including Knott's Berry Farm. It is about 12 mi northwest of downtown Santa Ana, the county seat, and is within the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

Indigenous
The area of Buena Park was the site of the Tongva village known as Juyubit. The village was located alongside Coyote Creek at the foot of the West Coyote Hills. It was consistently recorded as one of the largest villages in Tovaangar. Being established alongside creeks in a valley, the village prospered. Oak trees provided acorns, while native grasses and sage bushes regularly produced seeds. Rabbit and mule deer were common sources of meat. Juyubit was a center for trade through a series of trails with coastal and mountain villages.

Spanish era
The Spanish established the nearby Mission San Gabriel in 1771. Hundreds of villagers from Juyubit were brought to the mission for conversion to Christianity and to work as laborers on the mission's grounds. Many of the villagers died quickly, with the high death rate at the mission and three of every four newborns dying before reaching the age of two.

Dissatisfaction with the poor conditions at the missions led to a revolt in 1785-1786 led by Toypurina, a medicine woman. Villagers from Juyubit were involved in the revolt, which did not succeed in ousting the Spanish. A few years after the revolt, a woman from Juyubit, Eulalia María, was baptized at the age of six. She became a godmother to as an adult before her death in 1818.

Spanish settlers began to establish larger settlements on ranchos by land grants made by the King of Spain. Manuel Nieto of the Portolà expeditions received a grant in 1783, which was divided by his heirs into five separate ranchos in 1834. One of them, 46806 acre Rancho Los Coyotes, included the current site of the City of Buena Park. The rancho's adobe headquarters lay on what is now Los Coyotes Country Club's golf course.

The area was transferred from Spanish authority to Mexican rule in 1822 and ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican–American War. California was granted statehood in 1850.

American era
Americanization further expanded in the area after completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 and its connection to Los Angeles in 1875. By then, Abel Stearns had acquired Rancho Los Coyotes in consideration for loans made to Pio and Andrés Pico. In 1885, James A. Whitaker, a wholesale grocer from Chicago, purchased 690 acre of this land from Stearns. In 1887, Whitaker founded the City of Buena Park in conjunction with the railway development of what we now know as Orange County.

The exact derivation of the name Buena Park is uncertain. One theory is that Whitaker used the name of a Chicago suburb: Buena Park, Chicago, Illinois, although the community in Illinois was also named in 1887. Another theory relates to the artesian well and its park-like grounds once located at the current intersection of what are now Artesia and Beach Boulevards. Local settlers referred to the area as "Plaza Buena" which means "good park" in Spanish.

The city was incorporated on January 27, 1953. An agricultural center when founded (particularly dairy, wine and citrus products), Buena Park is now primarily a residential suburb and commercial hub.

The Murder of Stuart Tay occurred in 1992.

In 2009, the body of swimsuit model and reality TV star Jasmine Fiore was found stuffed in a suitcase and dumped in an apartment building dumpster near the 7400 block of Franklin Street in northern Buena Park by a resident searching for recyclables.

The Source OC retail experience opened in 2017. This place is located north of Knott's Berry Farm.

Points of interest
Buena Park's E-Zone district, located along Beach Boulevard, is home to several well-known tourist destinations: the venerable Knott's Berry Farm theme park and its sister water park Knott's Soak City, Pirate's Dinner Adventure Show, and a Medieval Times dinner show. The E-Zone has also been home to the Movieland Wax Museum, one of the largest of its kind in the world until it closed in 2005; a Ripley's Believe It or Not! museum that closed on March 30, 2009; and the Japanese Village and Deer Park on Knott Avenue.

Los Coyotes Country Club, located in the northeast of the city, boasts a 27-hole championship course originally designed by Billy Bell in 1957 and redesigned by Ted Robinson in 1998. The Los Coyotes LPGA Classic golf tournament has been hosted there.

The 105-acre Ralph B. Clark Regional Park (originally Los Coyotes Regional Park), nestled at the foot of the West Coyote Hills, is one of Orange County's prominent parks. Opened in 1981, it is home to an amphitheater, nature trails, and a stocked fishing pond, as well as the Interpretive Center, a small museum which features ice age fossil and local geology exhibits.

A Nabisco factory on Artesia Boulevard was known for many years as a Buena Park landmark. The red "Nabisco" sign was visible from the I-5 Freeway, and visitors to the town could often smell cookies. The factory produced Honey Maid graham crackers, Ritz Crackers, and Nilla Wafers, among other Nabisco products, before shutting down in 2006.

Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.6 sqmi. 10.5 sqmi of it is land and 0.03 sqmi of it (0.28%) is water. One of the things Buena Park citizens are proud of is that Buena Park is considered the center of the southland.

Buena Park is bisected by State Route 91 into North Buena Park and South Buena Park. It is bordered by Fullerton on the east, Anaheim on the southeast, Cypress on the southwest, Cerritos and La Palma on the west, and La Mirada on the north.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Buena Park had a population of 80,530. The population density was 7,631.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Buena Park was 36,454 (45.3%) White (27.7% Non-Hispanic White), 3,073 (3.8%) African American, 862 (1.1%) Native American, 21,488 (26.7%) Asian, 455 (0.6%) Pacific Islander, 14,066 (17.5%) from other races, and 4,132 (5.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31,638 persons (39.3%).

The Census reported that 79,716 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 553 (0.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 261 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 23,686 households, out of which 10,367 (43.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,570 (57.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,789 (16.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,746 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,167 (4.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 166 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,398 households (14.3%) were made up of individuals, and 1,386 (5.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.37. There were 19,105 families (80.7% of all households); the average family size was 3.67.

The population was spread out, with 20,361 people (25.3%) under the age of 18, 8,610 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 22,688 people (28.2%) aged 25 to 44, 20,320 people (25.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,551 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

There were 24,623 housing units at an average density of 2,333.3 /mi2, of which 13,428 (56.7%) were owner-occupied, and 10,258 (43.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.0%. 45,084 people (56.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34,632 people (43.0%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Buena Park had a median household income of $64,205, with 11.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 78,282 people, 23,332 households, and 18,735 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,859.5 /km2. There were 23,826 housing units at an average density of 870.3 /km2. The racial makeup of the city was 52.99% White, 3.83% Black or African American, 0.96% Native American, 21.06% Asian, 0.51% Pacific Islander, 15.19% from other races, and 5.46% from two or more races. 33.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 23,332 households, out of which 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.7% were non-families. 14.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.32 and the average family size was 3.64.

In the city the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,336, and the median income for a family was $52,327. Males had a median income of $37,471 versus $30,287 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,031. About 8.0% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Top employers
According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Supermarket chain 99 Ranch Market is based in Buena Park. A Nabisco factory built in 1965 once employed as many as 500 before being shut down; it was demolished in 2006.

The Source OC is a Korean shopping center that contains 3 floors, a theater, a golf zone, and a karaoke lounge. The food court is named Grub. It features two Korean Grocery stores (Hannam & H Mart), bakeries, restaurants, Karaoke spots, and a boba shop. It has faced economic challenges since its opening and was also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Shops in Source OC include K-Pop Music Town and KPlace. Some notable stores are Imvely, The Mirror, Le Born, and Princeton.

Local government
Buena Park was incorporated as a General Law City on January 27, 1953. In November 2008, the voters adopted a City Charter. The City Charter is a written document approved by the electorate which acts as a “constitution” for the city. Amendments, revisions and repeals of a charter are subject to the vote of the people.

Buena Park operates under council–manager government, in which the City Council is the policy-making body and the City Manager is responsible for carrying out Council policy and everyday management of city functions. An elected City Council of five non-partisan members is elected at large and its chair acts as mayor.

As of December 2022, city council members are Mayor Arthur C. Brown, Mayor Pro Tem Susan Sonne, Council Member Joyce Ahn, Council Member José Trinidad-Castañeda, and Council Member Connor Traut.

State and federal representation
In the California State Senate, Buena Park is split between, and. In the California State Assembly, it is in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Buena Park is in California's 45th congressional district, which is represented by Republican Michelle Steel.

Politics
According to the California Secretary of State, as of October 24, 2022, Buena Park has 43,879 registered voters. Of those, 18,709 (42.63%) are registered Democrats, 11,999 (27.34%) are registered Republicans, and 13,171 (30.01%) have declined to state a political party/are independents.

Postal service
The United States Postal Service Buena Park Post Office is at 7377 La Palma Avenue.

Education
Buena Park is home to one of the 13 special district libraries in California. The Buena Park Library District is a single-purpose library district governed by an elected Board of Trustees, and has as its principal source of income through property tax proration. The library's early history is much like other communities: it operated on and off as a volunteer operation beginning in 1905 at several temporary locations with donated books. It was formally established as a library district through the efforts of the Buena Park Woman's Club in 1919. The current facility's construction was completed in early 1969 financed by a bond measure passed by the citizens of Buena Park on June 6, 1967. The community's library holds over 125,000 library materials.

The city is served by seven different school districts. Buena Park School District covers nearly the entire northern half of the city, which feeds into the Fullerton Joint Union High School District, while the districts of Centralia, Cypress, Magnolia, and Savanna serve the remainder of the city, feeding into the Anaheim Union High School District. Buena Park High School is the only high school within city limits. Kennedy, Savanna, Sunny Hills and Western high schools also all serve the city's students, but are in either Fullerton, La Palma or Anaheim.

Gordon H Beatty (now known as Gordon H Beatty Middle School), Arthur F. Corey, Charles G. Emery (a 2011 Blue Ribbon Award winner ), Carl E. Gilbert, Mabel L. Pendleton and James A. Whitaker Elementary Schools along with Buena Park Junior High (now known as Buena Park Middle School) are the seven schools that make up the Buena Park School District.

Infrastructure
Los Cerritos Community News serves the city.

Emergency services
Fire protection in Buena Park is provided by the Orange County Fire Authority. Law enforcement is provided by the Buena Park Police Department. Ambulance service is provided by Care Ambulance Service.

Transportation
Buena Park's main commercial artery is Beach Boulevard, (California State Route 39), running north–south and connecting the city's civic center, the E-Zone entertainment district, and Buena Park Downtown shopping center.

Three Caltrans state maintained highways run through the city. They include Interstate 5 (Santa Ana Freeway), California State Route 39 (Beach Boulevard) and California State Route 91 (Artesia Freeway). The freeways connect Buena Park with cities west–east and south–north respectively. The Orange County Transportation Authority provides public bus services, but most residents rely on cars. Also, one Los Angeles County Route runs through the city Los Angeles County Route N8 (La Mirada Boulevard), but only for a quarter of a mile. Other main arterials that run west–east include Ball Road, Lincoln Avenue (formerly California State Route 214), La Palma Avenue, Orangethorpe Avenue, Commonwealth Avenue, Artesia Boulevard, Malvern Avenue and Alondra Boulevard; south–north main arterials include Valley View Street, Knott Avenue, Western Avenue, Beach Boulevard (SR 39) and Stanton Avenue. Four other major arterials that have short sections along the city limits of Buena Park include Cerritos Avenue to the south, Walker Street to the west, Rosecrans Avenue to the north and Magnolia Avenue to the east.

Fullerton Municipal Airport is the closest airport, but the nearest airport with commercial service is Long Beach Airport, about 13 mi to the southwest. Both Union Pacific (originally Southern Pacific) and BNSF railroad tracks cross the city.

A Metrolink station in Buena Park opened in September 2007. The LA Metro route 460 bus connects to downtown Los Angeles and Crypto.com Arena.

title: Buena Park, California