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British Waterways

British Waterways, often shortened to BW, was a statutory corporation wholly owned by the government of the United Kingdom. It served as the navigation authority for the majority of canals and a number of rivers and docks in England, Scotland and Wales.

On 2 July 2012, all of British Waterways' assets and responsibilities in England and Wales were transferred to the newly founded charity the Canal & River Trust. In Scotland, British Waterways continues to operate as a standalone public corporation under the trading name Scottish Canals.

The British Waterways Board was initially established as a result of the Transport Act 1962 and took control of the inland waterways assets of the British Transport Commission in 1963. By the final years of its existence, British Waterways was sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in England and Wales, and by the Scottish Government in Scotland.

British Waterways managed and maintained 2200 mi of canals, rivers and docks within the United Kingdom including the buildings, structures and landscapes alongside these waterways. Half of the United Kingdom population lives within five miles of a canal or river once managed by British Waterways. In addition to the watercourses, British Waterways also cared for and owned 2,555 listed structures including seventy scheduled monuments. A further 800 areas have special designation and a further hundred are Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).

Through its charitable arm The Waterways Trust, British Waterways maintained a museum of its history at the National Waterways Museum's three sites at Gloucester Docks, Stoke Bruerne and Ellesmere Port. Since the transfer of the assets and responsibilities of British Waterways to the Canal & River Trust, The Waterways Trust in England and Wales has merged with the Canal & River Trust. It continues, however, as an independent charity in Scotland.

Formation
During the early 20th century, the canal network was in decline because of increasing competition from the railways and road transport. Until the 1950s, freight and other cargo was still carried on the canals, by then owned by the railway companies. When the railways were nationalised in 1948, the canals they owned were also incorporated into the new British Transport Commission. The Commission focused on encouraging commercial traffic to the waterways, but with the construction of motorways in the 1950s, and legislation such as the Clean Air Act 1956 affecting the coal carriers using the waterways, that policy could not be sustained. The last regular coal long-distance narrow-boat-carrying contract, from Atherstone to the Kearley and Tonge jam factory at Southall near London, ended in October 1970, although lime juice continued to be carried by narrow boat from Brentford to Boxmoor until 1981, and aggregate from Thurmaston to Syston from 1976 until 1988.

Under the Transport Act 1962, the British Transport Commission was split into several new organisations, including the British Railways Board and the London Transport Board, with the inland waterways of Britain becoming part of the new British Waterways Board (BWB).

In the same year, a remarkably harsh winter saw many boats frozen into their moorings, unable to move for weeks at a time. That was one of the reasons given for the decision by the BWB to formally cease most of its commercial narrow boat traffic on the canals. By that time, the canal network had shrunk to just 2000 mi, half the size it was at its peak in the early 19th century. However, the basic network was still intact, with many of the closures affecting duplicate routes or branches.

Transport Act 1968
The Transport Act 1968 classified the nationalised waterways into three distinct categories as specified by BWB:

 * Commercial – Waterways that could still support commercial traffic; these were mainly located in the North East of England
 * Cruising – Waterways that had a potential for leisure use, such as cruising, fishing and recreational use
 * Remainder – Waterways for which no potential commercial or leisure use could be seen.

British Waterways Board was required under the Act to keep commercial and cruising waterways fit for their respective traffic and use. However, these obligations were subject to the caveat of being by the most economical means and BWB had no requirement to maintain remainder waterways or keep them in a navigable condition. As a result, many remainder waterways could face abandonment or transference to the local authority who would contribute to the waterway's upkeep as part of the act. Additionally, many of these remainder waterways were crossed by new roads and motorways without provision for boat navigation.

Late 20th century
As the century progressed, leisure boating on the canals began to expand, with numbers reaching 20,000 by the early 1980s. Additionally, the work of voluntary restoration groups succeeded in restoring some waterways to their former condition. However, despite this steady progress throughout the 1970s and 1980s, organisations such as English Heritage criticised the newly named British Waterways for failing to provide "adequate training or access to professional advice [for British Waterways officers] on the conservation of historic structures".

However, by the late 1990s the canal network and British Waterways were flourishing; revenues generated for canal maintenance reached £100 million for the first time in 1998, large grants from the Heritage Lottery Fund allowed the canal network to expand again by restoring former canals and additional funding was announced for British Waterways in 1999 by the then Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott. By the early 2000s, boating numbers had overtaken the previous industrial revolution high and the canal network was officially classed as 'safe' following the completion of all outstanding safety works.

Abolition
By 2009, British Waterways was looking for a means of gaining a larger and more secure supply of funding in order to plug a £30m shortfall in its budget, while utilising the potential for volunteers on the waterways, allowing the waterways community to play a greater role. Its plans involved moving to become a charitable trust, in charge of the current canal systems in addition to acquiring other waterways, such as those operated by the Environment Agency.

In March 2010, the plans were given a boost when the government announced in the Budget that it intended to turn BW into a mutual organisation, but no further details were released. BW welcomed the announcement, with the chairman Tony Hales stating that the plan would preserve the canals and their associated infrastructure, and "safeguard against a return to the decline and dereliction which they faced in the last century". It would also "unlock the enormous public support that there is for them."

By September of the same year, the proposals seemed likely to be enacted; a leaked list of quangos that were due to be abolished was acquired by the BBC, including British Waterways, with the note: "Abolish as a non-departmental public body and mutualise". The following month saw an official announcement from British Waterways confirming the leaked list, and that a new charity would be established to tend the 2000 mi of canals and rivers in England and Wales cared for by British Waterways.

The new name, the Canal & River Trust, and logo were revealed in October 2011, and the trust was granted charitable status on 5 April 2012. On 2 July 2012 all of British Waterways' responsibilities for waterways in England and Wales were transferred to the Canal & River Trust. The Scottish Government, however, decided that the waterways in Scotland would not be part of the new charity, and that British Waterways Scotland would remain a state-owned entity, operating as Scottish Canals.

Organisation
British Waterways operated from headquarters in Watford, with additional administrative offices in Leeds and thirteen regional waterway offices.

At the strategic level, there were ten non-executive board members, who were led by the chairman (in the final phase of operations, Tony Hales), and appointed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Scottish Government (eight by the former and two by the latter). In addition, there were nine executive directors led by Robin Evans, the Chief Executive.

At a regional level, British Waterways was divided into thirteen regional waterways; each appointed a waterways manager. These regions were:
 * Scotland (Highlands)
 * Scotland (Lowlands)
 * North West Waterways
 * North East Waterways
 * Manchester and Pennine Waterways
 * North Wales and Borders Waterways
 * West Midlands Waterways
 * Central Shires Waterways
 * East Midlands Waterways
 * South Wales and Severn Waterways
 * South East Waterways
 * Kennet and Avon Waterways
 * London Waterways

Finance
British Waterways was funded through a mixture of commercial activities, government grants and grants and donations from charitable bodies. In 2010/11, BW raised over £103.6 million from their commercial activities, including waterways licensing, received £58.9 million from a government grant, issued via the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and gained a further £14 million through third party contributions. However, operating revenue for the company was at a deficit of £3.7 million, a result of a large cut of 16 per cent in the government grant given to BW, and through the continuing programme of renovation and works costing £92.1 million.

British Waterways owned a large canalside property portfolio which made a considerable contribution to the funding of the waterway network. This amounted to £130m in the five years prior to 2008. As of 2008, a HM Treasury team was reviewing the management of this portfolio in terms of public sector savings and efficiencies. Another source of revenue contemplated by BW in October 2008 was the installation of 50 wind turbines on waterside land, generating around 100 megawatts.

Waterscape
As part of British Waterways' commitment to promote the canals to users other than boaters, BW set up the Waterscape website in 2003 to be an official information and leisure resource for UK inland waterways. The website worked alongside the Environment Agency and the Broads Authority and covered all canals, rivers and waterways in England, Scotland and Wales.

The Waterscape website was taken down on 3 July 2012 and was replaced by the new website of the Canal & River Trust.

Waterways operated
The following waterways and dockland were under British Waterways' ownership and care:

 * Aire and Calder Navigation
 * River Aire
 * Ashby Canal
 * Ashton Canal
 * Birmingham Canal Navigations
 * Birmingham and Fazeley Canal
 * Bow Back Rivers
 * Bridgwater and Taunton Canal
 * Calder and Hebble Navigation
 * Caldon Canal
 * Caledonian Canal
 * Chesterfield Canal
 * Coventry Canal
 * Crinan Canal
 * Cromford Canal
 * Droitwich Barge Canal and Droitwich Junction Canal
 * Erewash Canal
 * Forth and Clyde Canal
 * Foss Dyke
 * Gloucester and Sharpness Canal
 * Grand Union Canal
 * Grantham Canal
 * Hertford Union Canal
 * Huddersfield Broad Canal
 * Huddersfield Narrow Canal
 * Kennet and Avon Canal
 * Lancaster Canal
 * River Lee
 * Leeds and Liverpool Canal, including Liverpool Canal Link
 * Liverpool Docks (south of Pier Head only)
 * Limehouse Cut
 * Llangollen Canal
 * Macclesfield Canal
 * Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal
 * Millwall Dock
 * Monkland Canal (not navigable)
 * Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal
 * Montgomery Canal
 * New Junction Canal
 * Nottingham Canal
 * River Ouse
 * Peak Forest Canal
 * Pocklington Canal
 * Oxford Canal
 * Regent's Canal
 * Ribble Link
 * Ripon Canal
 * Rochdale Canal
 * St. Helens Canal (not navigable)
 * Selby Canal
 * River Severn
 * Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation
 * Sheffield and Tinsley Canal
 * Shropshire Union Canal, including Middlewich Branch and Shrewsbury Canal
 * River Soar
 * Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal
 * Stainforth and Keadby Canal
 * River Stort
 * Stourbridge Canal
 * Stratford-upon-Avon Canal
 * Swansea Canal
 * Tame Valley Canal
 * Tees Navigation and Barrage
 * River Trent (navigation authority of a section only; the navigation authority of the rest is Associated British Ports)
 * Trent and Mersey Canal
 * Union Canal
 * Ure Navigation
 * River Weaver
 * West India Docks
 * River Witham
 * Worcester and Birmingham Canal
 * Wyrley and Essington Canal

Other inland waterways in Britain
The Environment Agency is the navigation authority for the non-tidal River Thames, rivers in the Fens and East Anglia and some other waterways. The Port of London Authority is that for the tidal section of the Thames. The Broads Authority is the navigation authority for the Norfolk Broads. The Manchester Ship Canal, Bridgewater Canal, Basingstoke Canal, Cam and Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation were managed by other authorities.

title: British Waterways


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DEFRA

DEFRA may refer to:

 * Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, United States law
 * Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom government department

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: DEFRA


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Punky Brewster

Punky Brewster is an American sitcom television series about a young girl (Soleil Moon Frye) being raised by a foster parent (George Gaynes) in Chicago. The show ran on NBC from September 16, 1984, to March 9, 1986, and again in syndication from October 30, 1987, to May 27, 1988.

Punky Brewster spawned an animated spin-off, It's Punky Brewster. The series featured the original cast voicing their respective characters. The cartoon was produced by Ruby-Spears, and aired on NBC from September 14, 1985, to December 6, 1986.

In 2020, NBC confirmed a 10-episode revival to air on its Peacock streaming service. Frye returned, as did original cast member Cherie Johnson. The revival premiered on February 25, 2021.

Synopsis
Penelope "Punky" Brewster (Soleil Moon Frye) is a warm, funny, and bright child. Her father walked out on her family, then her mother abandoned her at a Chicago shopping center when they were shopping for groceries, leaving Punky alone with her dog, Brandon. Afterwards, Punky discovers a vacant apartment in a local building.

The building is managed by Henry Warnimont (George Gaynes), an elderly, widowed photographer with a grouchy streak who finds Punky in the abandoned apartment. Punky hits it off with young Cherie Johnson (played by Cherie Johnson), who lives in Henry's building with her grandmother, Betty (Susie Garrett). Betty works as a registered nurse at Cook County Hospital. Henry discovers Punky in the empty apartment across from his. Punky explains things to him and he decides to take Punky in.

The relationship between the two blossoms, despite red tape from social worker Randi Mitchell (Talia Balsam), who ultimately rallies to Henry's side. The state forces Punky to stay at Fenster Hall, an emergency shelter for orphaned and abandoned children, until their day in court. The court approves Henry's wish to become Punky's foster father. Henry legally adopts her in the second season.

Punky's other friends are geeky Allen Anderson (Casey Ellison) and spoiled rich girl Margaux Kramer (Ami Foster). During the NBC run, Punky's teachers were regularly seen, in the first season, cheerful Mrs. Morton (Dody Goodman) and in the second season, hip Mike Fulton (T. K. Carter). Mike formed a close relationship with Punky and her friends, and was also portrayed as a social crusader of sorts.

Season 1 (1984–1985)
During the first season, Margaux's socialite mother (Loyita Chapel) appeared on a recurring basis, as did kooky maintenance man Eddie Malvin (Eddie Deezen). Eddie disappeared after the first several episodes.

Beginning in 1984, NBC aired the sitcom on Sundays. Because the show had many young viewers and was scheduled after football games (which tended to run long), six fifteen-minute episodes were produced. This was done rather than joining a full-length episode in progress, so as not to disappoint children watching the program.

Season 2 (1985–1986)
The second season's February 2, 1986, episode introduced the first installment of a five-part storyline. In the five-part episode "Changes", Henry's downtown photography studio was destroyed in a fire, and for a time, he seemingly would not be able to recover from the aftermath and resume his career. As a result of his stress, Henry ended up hospitalized for a bleeding ulcer.

During that time, Betty and Cherie made arrangements for Punky to stay with them until Henry recovered. Everyone's stability was halted when bureaucratic social worker Simon P. Chillings (guest star Timothy Stack) showed up, found out about Henry's condition, and deemed the worst; he found Betty unsuitable to care for Punky because Punky would not have her own room. Chillings also felt that Henry was unfit to be Punky's legal guardian in the long term due to his health, age, and uncertain financial future. Chillings made Punky a ward of the state yet again, and she returned to Fenster Hall.

Punky's efforts to escape from Fenster included a trick pulled by Margaux, in which she dressed up and pretended to be Punky. Despite advocacy from Mike Fulton, Chillings placed Punky with a new foster family, the fabulously wealthy Jules and Tiffany Buckworth (Robert Casper and Joan Welles), the latter of whom did not take kindly at all to Punky's working-class playfulness. Things gradually returned to normal. Henry, back on his feet following surgery, opened up a glitzy new studio at the local mall; in the process, he reunited with Punky. At the conclusion of the story arc, Henry officially adopted Punky.

The final episode of the second season was notable for centering on the very recent, real-life Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Punky and her classmates watched the live coverage of the shuttle launch in Mike Fulton's class. After the accident occurred, Punky is traumatized; her dreams of becoming an astronaut are crushed. Her teacher Mike then brings over former NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin to visit Punky. NBC cancelled the show soon after.

Syndication (1987–1988)
After two seasons, NBC saw that Punky Brewster and its principal Sunday night stablemate, the four-year-old Silver Spoons, could not compete as strongly as they hoped against CBS' juggernaut 60 Minutes, and cancelled both programs. Like many cult-favorite sitcoms of the time, Punky Brewster was revived for syndication (as was Silver Spoons). Production on Punky went undelayed, and its third season began shooting on schedule. While the show was in production throughout the 1986–87 season, it did not return to the air via syndication until October 30, 1987. Beginning on that premiere date, Punky was packaged such that new episodes would air every weekday (usually late in the afternoon on independent stations). The entire third season (1986–87) aired in the five-days-a-week format through December 8, 1987.

By the syndicated run, the storylines had clearly started to mature. Many more of Punky and Cherie's friends were seen (although most only made a handful of guest appearances each), with Margaux becoming their comic foil and source of friction. Early in the third season, Allen moved away to Kansas with his mother, following his parents' divorce. As Punky herself neared junior high, her avant-garde day-glo and multicolored attire, along with her pigtails, segued into more traditional teenaged styles, and her declaration of, and reliance on "Punky Power!" gave way to the realization that intelligence, common sense, and a strong will, can get one out of any problem. More of her dalliances with boys entered the stories, with the ones she chased and those that tried to pursue her. Punky's spunk and vivacious attitude toward life did remain, though, thanks in part to the sunshine brought in by the most important man in her life, her adoptive dad.

Henry's photography studio at the mall continued to see much success, so much that by the end of the third season, he received an offer from the magnate of Glossy's, a photo-studio franchise, for a $100,000 buyout of Warnimont's, which also included the offer of Henry becoming manager of the Glossy's location. Henry accepted, but soon found that his creativity and business style were not being appreciated by his new employers. He quit Glossy's, but then decided to give into Punky and Cherie's dream to run their own teen hangout/burger establishment, and invested into another mall property, which ended up being splashed with as much color and originality as Punky's bedroom. All involved, which even included Betty and Margaux, unanimously decided on christening it "Punky's Place". Into season four, much of the action continued to take place at the mall, with Henry, Punky, and her friends' efforts to keep their new restaurant afloat and the many teenage misadventures which passed through at Punky's Place.

From December 10, 1987 to April 26, 1988, reruns from the third season were added to the Punky Brewster syndication package. On April 27, 1988, new episodes resumed for the fourth season, and ran every weekday for a month until the series finale aired on May 27, 1988.

The final episode, "Wedding Bells for Brandon", features Brandon falling in love with Brenda, a golden retriever that belonged to one of Henry and Punky's neighbors. Their whirlwind romance culminated in a wedding ceremony in the courtyard, which was attended mostly by other neighborhood canines.

According to Cherie Johnson, "Wedding Bells for Brandon" was not intended to be the series finale; that particular episode came along in the midst of the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike.

Revival (2021)
In June 2019, UCP announced plans for a new Punky Brewster series starring Soleil Moon Frye. The series revisits Punky as a single mother of three “trying to get her life back on track when she meets a young girl who reminds her a lot of her younger self.” The series also features Cherie Johnson, returning to the role named after her, as well as Freddie Prinze Jr. as Punky's ex-husband. In early 2020, NBC confirmed the revival consisting of a ten-episode first season that will air on its new streaming Peacock network. The revival premiered on February 25, 2021. In August 2021, the series was canceled after one season.

Main

 * George Gaynes as Henry Warnimont
 * Soleil Moon Frye as Penelope "Punky" Brewster
 * Susie Garrett as Betty Johnson
 * Cherie Johnson as Cherie Johnson
 * T. K. Carter as Michael 'Mike' Fulton (season 2)

Recurring

 * Ami Foster as Margaux Kramer
 * Casey Ellison as Allen Anderson (seasons 1–2, guest star season 3)
 * Eddie Deezen as Eddie Malvin (season 1)
 * Dody Goodman as Mrs. Morton (season 1)

Production notes
The show was produced by Lightkeeper Productions, and NBC Productions during the network run. NBC was not allowed to co-produce the series when it moved into syndication, due to then-existing FCC regulations regarding network involvement in syndicated TV programming. Thus, they made a syndication deal with Coca-Cola Telecommunications to co-produce two more seasons of episodes, plus U.S. syndication rights to the NBC-era episodes. Thus, Sony Pictures Television holds the domestic television rights, while NBCUniversal Syndication Studios holds international television and worldwide home video & streaming rights. Additionally, MGM Television also holds international television broadcast rights with NBCUniversal, part of the pre-2004 NBC Studios library.

Reruns of the series were broadcast in the United States on The Family Channel from October 3, 1993, to September 20, 1996.

Theme song
The theme song for Punky Brewster is "Every Time I Turn Around," written by Gary Portnoy and Judy Hart Angelo and sung by Portnoy.

Origin of the name
NBC programming chief Brandon Tartikoff named the series after a girl he had a crush on in his own childhood: an older tomboy named Peyton "Punky" Brewster. Before the series aired, NBC tracked her down (by this time, she was married and named Peyton Rutledge) and secured her permission to use her name for the lead character. Rutledge was even hired to do a cameo in one episode as a teacher at Punky's school (in the opening scene of the episode titled "The Search", aired November 10, 1985) so that both the real and fictional Punky Brewster could be on-screen at the same time (the teacher even comments "Punky Brewster? Strange name!"). She is credited at the end of the episode as Peyton B. Rutledge.

Punky's dog is named Brandon, after Tartikoff himself. The dog's real name was Sandy. Sandy originally shared the role with his brother, but Tartikoff decided that Sandy was better for the role.

Home media
All four seasons have been released on DVD in Region 1 by Shout! Factory, as well as separate discs that consist of six to eight episodes of the series. All season releases also contain episodes of the spin-off cartoon, It's Punky Brewster.

Mill Creek Entertainment also released three "Best-of" collections of the series.

In Region 4, Umbrella Entertainment has released the first two seasons on DVD in Australia. These releases do not contain episodes of the animated It's Punky Brewster.

Fenster Hall
The final episode in Season 1, titled "Fenster Hall" (aired March 31, 1985), was a failed attempt to create a spin-off of Punky Brewster. It was a one-hour episode, but was cut into two shows for syndication. This crossover episode marked the debut of Mike Fulton; T. K. Carter was the intended star of the Fenster Hall spin-off. Mike's history as a longtime resident of Fenster was explained, since he had been an orphan from birth and had been shuffled around to many foster homes before permanently staying at Fenster from the time he was seven. Now as the chief boys' counselor, Mike was saddled with helping new, tough street kid T.C. Finestra (Billy Lombardo) fit in with his group of regular charges, after an incident in which T.C. broke into and stole from the bedroom of Punky Brewster. Punky had a confrontation with T.C. after following him to a shady lair kept by street thug Blade (James LeGros), who had taken T.C. under his wing and was teaching him how to rob. It was there in which Punky learned of T.C.'s situation, and brought him home to Henry before it was decided that he would be better off at Fenster.

The primary focus of the episode was on Mike and T.C.'s learning to trust and look out for each other, while many other denizens of Fenster were introduced who would have also comprised the cast of the spin-off. Mike's boss was Rita J. Sanchez (Rosanna DeSoto), and his other boys, who he treated as if they were his own sons, were aspiring heavyweight boxer Lester "Sugar" Thompson (Martin Davis), sweet little Dash (Benji Gregory), nerdy intellectual Lyle (Gabriel Damon), who supposedly did Mike's tax forms for him; and huge, hulking Conan (B.J. Barie). When Fenster Hall did not transpire as a regular series by the time of NBC's 1985–86 upfronts, T.K. Carter then continued his role as Mike Fulton on Punky Brewster the following season, now serving as Punky's fourth grade teacher.

It's Punky Brewster
It's Punky Brewster!, an animated spin-off with the original cast, appeared on NBC on Saturday mornings. The cartoon was produced by Ruby-Spears. It ran from September 14, 1985, to December 6, 1986, for a total of 26 episodes. However, through reruns, it remained in the regular Saturday-morning lineup through the 1988–89 season. The series was later syndicated by Claster Television as part of a package featuring the DIC series Maxie's World (the "lead" program), and Beverly Hills Teens.

title: Punky Brewster


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WWT Caerlaverock

WWT Caerlaverock is wetland nature reserve in southwest Scotland, one of ten reserves in Britain operated by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust founded by Sir Peter Scott. It covers a 587 ha site at Eastpark Farm, on the north shore of the Solway Firth to the south of Dumfries. It is a wild nature reserve with a network of screened approaches and several observation towers. There is a visitor centre. The site received 16,105 visitors in 2019.

Caerlaverock is home to one of only two UK populations of the "living fossil" Triops cancriformis, the horseshoe shrimp. It is also home to the UK's most northerly population of the natterjack toad.

Almost the entire Svalbard population of barnacle goose overwinters in the Solway Firth area, with many of the birds often at Caerlaverock for part or all of the winter; their protection by the reserve has enabled the population to recover from just 500 birds in the 1940s, to over 25,000 now. In 2016 the peak count on the reserve was 15,980 in October. Other high counts of wildfowl that year included 221 whooper swan, 2,457 Northern pintail, 3,000 Eurasian teal, 1,230 Eurasian wigeon and 150 greater scaup. These numbers attract raptors such as peregrine falcon, common buzzard and hen harrier. Vagrant birds recorded on the reserve include common crane, long-billed dowitcher, red-breasted goose, snow goose, ring-necked duck and white-tailed plover.

In January 2002, a new education centre was officially opened by King Harald V of Norway.

A pair of ospreys have nested on the reserve since 2005. Their nest can be observed by webcam through the reserve's web-site during the day in the nesting season (April–August). At other times the webcam shows the whooper pond or a barn owl nest.

title: WWT Caerlaverock


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Soleil Moon Frye

Soleil Moon Frye (born August 6, 1976 ) is an American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter. She began her career as a child actress at the age of two. When she was seven, Frye won the role of Penelope "Punky" Brewster in the NBC sitcom Punky Brewster. The series debuted in September 1984 and earned consistently low ratings, but the Punky character was a hit with young children. After NBC cancelled the series, it was picked up for the syndication market where it aired for an additional two seasons before ending in 1988. Frye reprised the role in a 2021 revival of the series, which was cancelled after one season.

After the original Punky Brewster series ended, Frye continued her career in guest spots on television and supporting roles in films. She attended The New School during the late 1990s and directed her first film, Wild Horses, in 1998. In 2000, she joined the cast in The WB sitcom Sabrina the Teenage Witch as Roxie King, Sabrina Spellman's roommate and close friend. Frye remained with the series until its end in April 2003. She has since continued her acting career working mainly as a voice actor where she is best known for voicing Zoey Howzer in the Proud Family franchise.

In 1998, Frye married producer Jason Goldberg with whom she has four children. She has since opened an eco-friendly specialty clothing boutique for children, The Little Seed, in Los Angeles. She also hosts a blog and web series that focus on child rearing and women's issues. In 2011, Frye released her first book, Happy Chaos: From Punky to Parenting and My Perfectly Imperfect Adventures in Between. Frye was host of the Home Made Simple show on the Oprah Winfrey Network from 2013 to 2014.

Early life
Frye was born in Glendora, California. Her father was actor Virgil Frye (1930–2012), and her mother is talent agent and caterer Sondra Peluce (née Londy). She has two half-brothers, Sean Frye and Meeno Peluce, both former child actors. Frye's parents divorced when she was two. She was raised in her mother's Jewish faith.

Frye was educated at a private school in Los Feliz and attended San Fernando Valley Professional School in Burbank.

Acting
Frye made her acting debut in the 1982 television movie Missing Children: A Mother's Story. In 1983, she had a supporting role in Who Will Love My Children?, another television movie starring Ann-Margret. The following year, she portrayed Elizabeth (Bette) Kovacs in the biographical television movie Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter, and appeared in another television movie, Invitation to Hell, directed by Wes Craven.

At the audition, Frye beat out over 3,000 girls (including her future Sabrina, the Teenage Witch co-star Melissa Joan Hart) to win the titular role on the NBC sitcom Punky Brewster. The series, which was conceived by NBC's then-head of programming Brandon Tartikoff, premiered in September 1984. Scheduled opposite CBS's highly rated 60 Minutes, the series struggled in the ratings, but the character of Punky was popular among children. Frye routinely appeared at parades, participated in an anti-drug walks with then-First Lady Nancy Reagan, and was the honorary chairman for the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Frye also voiced and reprised the role in the animated series It's Punky Brewster, which began airing during Punky Brewster's first season. Despite the series' low ratings, Brandon Tartikoff decided to renew the show for a second season because it was the highest rated show watched by children 2 to 11 years old. Punky Brewster's second season, which dealt with more serious subject matters such as CPR and first-aid training, drug use and the Just Say No campaign, and the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, did not improve ratings, and NBC cancelled the series in April 1986. The series was quickly picked up by Columbia Pictures Television and began airing in first-run syndication. Punky Brewster aired for an additional two seasons, ending on May 27, 1988.

Immediately upon Punky Brewster's end, Frye landed the lead role in the ABC sitcom pilot Cadets, which aired as a summer special on September 25, 1988. The pilot, however, was not picked up. In 1989, Frye hosted the syndicated weekly talk/variety show Girl Talk. Based on the board game of the same name, Frye shared hosting duties with Sarah Michelle Gellar and Rod Brogan. The series was cancelled after one season. In 1990, she appeared in the Rodney Dangerfield sitcom pilot ...Where's Rodney?, but this was not picked up as a series, either.

During the 1990s, Frye guest-starred on several television series, including The Wonder Years, Saved by the Bell, and Friends, and voiced characters for the animated series Tiny Toon Adventures, The Ren & Stimpy Show, and The Cartoon Cartoon Show (namely, the Johnny Bravo pilot episode). In addition to her television work, Frye has appeared in the films The Liars' Club (1993) and Pumpkinhead II: Blood Wings (1995) and in stage productions of Orestes, I Murdered My Mother and The Housekeeper.

From 2000 to 2003, Frye played the character of Roxie King in the last few seasons of Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, with her longtime friend and series producer Melissa Joan Hart. During the run of Sabrina, she voiced Zoey Howzer in the Disney Channel series The Proud Family and the series' 2005 television movie. She reprised the role in the revival series The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder.

In 2005, she voiced Jade, a Bratz character in the direct-to-video release Bratz Rock Angelz. She also voiced the character for the television series, and the video games Bratz Rock Angelz (2005), Bratz: Forever Diamondz (2006), and Bratz: The Movie (2007) and the follow-up movies until Bratz: Fashion 4 Passion - Diamondz. From 2010 to February 2013, Frye voiced Aseefa in the animated series Planet Sheen.

She appears in the Punky Brewster reboot that began airing on Peacock on February 25, 2021.

Directing
In 1996, Frye moved to New York to attend The New School and later directed her first film, Wild Horses (1998).

Frye directed her second film, Sonny Boy, in 2004. The documentary chronicles a two-week trip Frye took with her father, Virgil, who had Alzheimer's disease. Sonny Boy was an official selection at the 27th Starz Denver International Film Festival and won Best Documentary at the San Diego Film Festival.

In 2021, Frye directed Kid 90, a documentary film using an archive of footage she shot in the 1990s, for which Leonardo DiCaprio was executive producer. The film was released on March 12, 2021, by Hulu.

Other ventures
In 2007, Frye, along with two friends, opened The Little Seed, an eco-friendly children's specialty boutique in Los Angeles. The boutique closed in August 2012, and is now an Internet-based business.

In March 2010, Frye and her friend and former co-star Melissa Joan Hart launched the "Better Together" campaign for Gain.

In September 2011, Frye released her first book, Happy Chaos: From Punky to Parenting and My Perfectly Imperfect Adventures in Between. In October 2013, she released a party-planning book, Let's Get This Party Started. She also hosted a web series, Her Say, from 2011 to 2012, and currently hosts a blog on her official website, moonfrye.com, both of which deal with women's issues and parenting.

In 2014, Frye co-founded P.S. XO, a company that sells party decoration kits. The name was then changed to MoonFrye, and expanded to include DIY kits for families and an app of the same name. They later merged with the company Seedling, which specializes in "activity kits".

Personal life
As a teen, Frye suffered from gigantomastia. She underwent a breast reduction three months before her 16th birthday.

In the 1990s, Frye was romantically involved with hip-hop artist Danny Boy O'Connor, with whom she remains friends.

On Kid 90, after she went through her breast reduction surgery, Frye is shown sharing a kiss with Jonathan Brandis. There is no record of them dating at that time, and in a recent interview, the actress remembers him as one of her "real friend[s]".

On October 25, 1998, Frye married television producer Jason Goldberg in a Jewish ceremony (Frye's mother is Jewish, as is Goldberg). Frye and Goldberg have four children: daughters born in August 2005 and March 2008 and sons born in February 2014 and May 2016. Goldberg and Frye renewed their marriage vows in a ceremony in 2008. However in 2020, after 22 years of marriage, the couple separated. In December 2020, Frye filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized in April 2022.

In 2022, Frye was dating childhood friend Shifty Shellshock of Crazy Town.

title: Soleil Moon Frye


text:
List of National Trust properties in England

This is a list of National Trust properties in England, including any stately home, historic house, castle, abbey, museum or other property in the care of the National Trust in England.

Bedfordshire

 * Dunstable Downs
 * Sharpenhoe
 * Whipsnade Tree Cathedral
 * Willington Dovecote and Stables

Berkshire

 * Ashdown House
 * Basildon Park
 * Cock Marsh
 * Lardon Chase, the Holies and Lough Down

Bristol

 * Blaise Hamlet
 * Westbury College Gatehouse

Buckinghamshire

 * Ascott House
 * Ashridge Estate
 * Boarstall Duck Decoy
 * Boarstall Tower
 * Bradenham Village
 * Buckingham Chantry Chapel
 * Claydon House
 * Cliveden
 * Coombe Hill
 * Dorneywood Garden
 * Hartwell House
 * Hughenden Manor
 * The King's Head Inn, Aylesbury
 * Long Crendon Courthouse
 * Pitstone Windmill
 * Princes Risborough Manor House
 * Stowe Gardens
 * Waddesdon Manor
 * West Wycombe Park
 * West Wycombe Village

Cambridgeshire

 * Anglesey Abbey, Garden & Lode Mill
 * Houghton Mill
 * Peckover House & Garden
 * Ramsey Abbey Gatehouse
 * Wicken Fen
 * Wimpole Hall
 * Wimpole Home Farm

Cheshire

 * Alderley Edge
 * Dunham Massey
 * Helsby Hill
 * Hare Hill
 * Little Moreton Hall
 * Lyme Park
 * Nether Alderley Mill
 * Quarry Bank Mill and Styal Estate
 * Tatton Park

Cornwall

 * Antony House
 * Boscastle
 * Botallack Mine
 * Cadsonbury
 * Carnewas & Bedruthan Steps
 * Cornish Mines & Engines
 * Cotehele
 * Glendurgan Garden
 * Godolphin Estate
 * Godrevy
 * Hawker's Hut
 * Kynance Cove
 * Lanhydrock House
 * Lawrence House
 * Levant Mine & Beam Engine
 * Penrose, Cornwall
 * Sandymouth Beach
 * St Anthony Head
 * St Michael's Mount
 * Tintagel Old Post Office
 * Trelissick Garden
 * Trengwainton Garden
 * Trerice
 * Wheal Coates

Cumbria

 * Acorn Bank Garden & Watermill
 * Aira Force
 * Allan Bank
 * Beatrix Potter Gallery
 * Borrowdale
 * Bowder Stone
 * Buttermere and Ennerdale
 * Cartmel Priory Gatehouse
 * Cross Keys Inn, Sedbergh
 * Dalton Castle
 * Derwent Island House
 * Fell Foot Park
 * Gondola, Coniston Water
 * Grasmere and Great Langdale
 * Hawkshead and Claife
 * Hill Top
 * Keld Chapel, Shap
 * Levens Hall and Gardens
 * Old Dungeon Ghyll
 * Sandscale Haws
 * Sizergh Castle & Garden
 * Stagshaw Garden
 * Tarn Hows
 * Townend
 * Ullswater
 * Wasdale, Eskdale and Duddon
 * Windermere and Troutbeck
 * Wordsworth House
 * Wray Castle

Derbyshire

 * Calke Abbey
 * Duffield Castle
 * Hardwick Hall
 * High Peak Estate
 * Ilam Park
 * Kedleston Hall
 * Longshaw Estate
 * Stainsby Mill
 * Sudbury Hall
 * The Old Manor
 * White Peak Estate
 * Winster Market House

Devon

 * A La Ronde
 * Arlington Court
 * Baggy Point
 * Bolberry Down
 * Bradley
 * Branscombe — The Old Bakery, Manor Mill & Forge
 * Buckland Abbey
 * Castle Drogo
 * The Church House
 * Coleton Fishacre
 * Compton Castle
 * Finch Foundry
 * Greenway
 * Heddon Valley Shop
 * Killerton
 * Knightshayes Court
 * Loughwood Meeting House
 * Lundy
 * Lydford Gorge
 * Morte Point
 * The Old Mill, Wembury
 * Overbeck's
 * Parke
 * Plymbridge Woods
 * Saltram
 * Shute Barton
 * Watersmeet House

Dorset

 * Ballard Down
 * Brownsea Island
 * Cerne Giant
 * Clouds Hill
 * Corfe Castle
 * Eggardon Hill
 * Hambledon Hill
 * Hardy Monument
 * Hardy's Cottage
 * Hod Hill
 * Kingston Lacy
 * Lambert's Castle
 * Lewesdon Hill
 * Max Gate
 * Old Harry Rocks
 * Pilsdon Pen
 * Portland House
 * Spyway
 * Studland Beach
 * White Mill

Essex

 * Bourne Mill
 * Coggeshall Grange Barn
 * Danbury Commons and Blakes Wood
 * Hatfield Forest
 * Northey Island
 * Paycocke's
 * Ray Island
 * Rayleigh Mount

Gloucestershire

 * Ashleworth Tithe Barn
 * Bibury
 * Chedworth Roman Villa
 * Dyrham Park
 * Hailes Abbey
 * Haresfield Beacon and Standish Wood
 * Hidcote Manor Garden
 * Horton Court
 * Little Fleece Bookshop
 * Lodge Park and Sherborne Estate
 * Part of May Hill
 * Minchinhampton Common
 * Newark Park
 * Snowshill Manor
 * Westbury Court Garden
 * Woodchester Park

Greater Manchester

 * Castlefield Viaduct
 * Dunham Massey

Hampshire

 * Hinton Ampner
 * Ludshott Common and Waggoners Wells
 * Mottisfont Abbey
 * Sandham Memorial Chapel
 * Selborne Common
 * Stockbridge Down
 * Stockbridge Marsh
 * The Vyne
 * West Green House
 * Winchester City Mill

Herefordshire

 * Berrington Hall
 * Brockhampton Estate
 * Croft Castle
 * Cwmmau Farmhouse
 * The Weir Garden

Hertfordshire

 * Ashridge Estate
 * Shaw's Corner

Isle of Wight

 * Bembridge Fort
 * Bembridge Windmill
 * Brighstone Shop
 * Borthwood Copse
 * Chillerton Down
 * Mottistone Manor
 * The Needles
 * The Needles Batteries
 * Newtown Old Town Hall
 * St. Catherine's Oratory
 * Rosetta Cottage

Kent

 * Chartwell
 * Chiddingstone
 * Cobham Wood and Mausoleum
 * Coldrum Long Barrow
 * Emmetts Garden
 * Ightham Mote
 * Knole
 * Old Soar Manor
 * Oldbury Camp
 * One Tree Hill and Bitchet Common
 * Owletts
 * Quebec House
 * Scotney Castle
 * Sissinghurst Castle Garden
 * Smallhythe Place
 * South Foreland Lighthouse
 * Sprivers Garden
 * St. John's Jerusalem
 * Stoneacre
 * The White Cliffs of Dover
 * Toys Hill

Lancashire

 * Gawthorpe Hall
 * Rufford Old Hall
 * Heysham Head

Leicestershire

 * Staunton Harold Church
 * Stoneywell
 * Ulverscroft Nature Reserve

Lincolnshire

 * Belton House
 * Grantham House
 * Gunby Hall and Monksthorpe chapel
 * Sandilands
 * Tattershall Castle near Sleaford
 * Woolsthorpe Manor

Greater London

 * 2 Willow Road
 * 575 Wandsworth Road
 * Blewcoat School
 * Carlyle's House
 * Eastbury Manor House
 * East Sheen Common
 * Fenton House
 * George Inn
 * Ham House
 * Lindsey House
 * Morden Hall Park
 * Osterley Park
 * Petts Wood & Hawkwood
 * Rainham Hall
 * Red House
 * Roman Baths, Strand Lane
 * Selsdon Wood
 * Sutton House
 * Watermeads

Merseyside

 * Formby
 * Speke Hall
 * 20 Forthlin Road
 * 251 Menlove Avenue
 * 59 Rodney Street

Norfolk

 * Blakeney Point
 * Blickling Hall
 * Brancaster
 * Darrow Wood
 * Elizabethan House Museum, Great Yarmouth
 * Felbrigg Hall
 * Horsey Windpump
 * Oxburgh Hall
 * Sheringham Park
 * St. George's Guildhall, King's Lynn

Northamptonshire

 * Canons Ashby House
 * Lyveden New Bield
 * Priest's House, Easton on the Hill

Northumberland

 * Allen Banks & Staward Gorge
 * Cherryburn
 * Cragside
 * Dunstanburgh Castle
 * Farne Islands
 * George Stephenson's Birthplace
 * Hadrian's Wall and Housesteads Roman Fort
 * Lindisfarne Castle
 * 25.75 km (16 miles) of the Northumberland Coast
 * Ros Castle
 * St Cuthbert's Cave
 * Seaton Delaval Hall
 * Wallington Hall

Nottinghamshire

 * Clumber Park
 * Mr. Straw's House
 * The Workhouse, Southwell

Oxfordshire

 * Badbury Rings
 * Buscot Park
 * Chastleton House
 * Great Coxwell Barn
 * Greys Court
 * Lock Cottage, Buscot
 * Nuffield Place
 * Priory Cottages
 * Uffington White Horse

Shropshire

 * Attingham Park near Shrewsbury
 * Benthall Hall near Ironbridge
 * Carding Mill Valley near Church Stretton
 * Cronkhill near Shrewsbury
 * Dudmaston Hall near Bridgnorth
 * Morville Hall near Bridgnorth
 * Sunnycroft at Wellington
 * Town Walls Tower Shrewsbury
 * Wilderhope Manor on Wenlock Edge

Somerset

 * Barrington Court
 * Bath Assembly Rooms
 * Brean Down
 * Brean Down Fort
 * Burrow Mump
 * Cadbury Camp
 * Cheddar Gorge
 * Clevedon Court
 * Coleridge Cottage
 * Crook Peak to Shute Shelve Hill
 * Dolebury Warren
 * Dunster Castle
 * Dunster Working Watermill
 * Ebbor Gorge
 * Fyne Court
 * Glastonbury Tor
 * Holnicote Estate
 * King Alfred's Tower
 * King John's Hunting Lodge
 * Leigh Woods
 * Lytes Cary Manor
 * Montacute House
 * The Priest's House, Muchelney
 * Prior Park Landscape Garden
 * Sand Point
 * Solsbury Hill
 * Stembridge Tower Mill
 * Stoke sub Hamdon Priory
 * Tintinhull Garden
 * Treasurer's House
 * Tyntesfield
 * Walton and Ivythorn Hills
 * Wellington Monument, Somerset
 * West Pennard Court Barn
 * Yarn Market, Dunster

Staffordshire

 * Biddulph Grange
 * Downs Banks
 * Kinver Edge
 * Letocetum
 * Mow Cop Castle
 * Moseley Old Hall
 * South Peak Estate
 * Shugborough Hall

Suffolk

 * Angel Corner, Bury St Edmunds
 * Bridge Cottage, Flatford
 * Dunwich Heath
 * Ickworth House
 * Lavenham Guildhall
 * Melford Hall
 * Orford Ness
 * Theatre Royal, Bury St Edmunds
 * Sutton Hoo
 * Thorington Hall

Surrey

 * Abinger Roughs and Netley Park, Abinger Hammer/Wotton
 * Bookham Commons
 * Box Hill
 * Clandon House (Largely destroyed by fire)
 * Claremont Landscape Garden
 * Dapdune Wharf
 * Hatchlands Park
 * Hindhead Common
 * The Homewood
 * Hydon's Ball
 * Leith Hill
 * Oakhurst Cottage
 * Polesden Lacey
 * Reigate Hill and Gatton Park
 * River Wey and Godalming Navigations
 * Runnymede
 * Shalford Mill
 * Winkworth Arboretum
 * The Witley Centre

East Sussex

 * Alfriston Clergy House
 * Bateman's
 * Birling Gap
 * Bodiam Castle
 * Lamb House
 * Monk's House
 * Sheffield Park and Garden
 * Litlington White Horse

West Sussex

 * Cissbury Ring
 * Devil's Dyke
 * Harting Down
 * Lavington Common
 * Nymans
 * Petworth House
 * Standen
 * Swan Barn Farm
 * Uppark
 * Wakehurst Place Garden
 * Woolbeding Gardens

Teesside

 * Ormesby Hall

Tyne and Wear

 * Gibside
 * Penshaw Monument
 * Souter Lighthouse
 * Washington Old Hall

Warwickshire

 * Baddesley Clinton
 * Charlecote Park
 * Coughton Court
 * Farnborough Hall
 * Kinwarton Dovecote
 * Packwood House
 * Upton House

West Midlands

 * Birmingham Back to Backs
 * Roundhouse, Birmingham
 * Wightwick Manor

Wiltshire

 * Avebury
 * Avebury Manor & Garden
 * Calstone and Cherhill Downs
 * Cley Hill
 * The Courts Garden
 * Figsbury Ring
 * Great Chalfield Manor
 * Heelis
 * Lacock Abbey, Fox Talbot Museum
 * Little Clarendon, Dinton
 * Mompesson House
 * Pepperbox Hill
 * Philipps House and Dinton Park
 * Piggledene
 * Stonehenge Landscape (formerly Stonehenge Down and Stonehenge Historic Landscape)
 * Stourhead
 * The Coombes
 * Westwood Manor
 * White Barrow

Worcestershire

 * Bredon Barn
 * Croome Park
 * The Firs (Elgar Birthplace Museum)
 * The Fleece Inn
 * The Greyfriars
 * Hanbury Hall
 * Hawford Dovecote
 * Knowles Mill, Bewdley
 * Middle Littleton Tythe Barn
 * Rosedene, Chartist cottage
 * Wichenford Dovecote

East Riding of Yorkshire

 * Maister House, Hull

North Yorkshire

 * Beningbrough Hall and gardens
 * Braithwaite Hall
 * Bridestones, Crosscliff and Blakey Topping
 * Brimham Rocks
 * Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal Water Garden
 * Goddards House and Garden
 * Malham Tarn Estate
 * Middlethorpe Hall
 * Moulton Hall
 * Mount Grace Priory
 * Nunnington Hall
 * Ormesby Hall
 * Rievaulx Terrace & Temples
 * Robin Hood's Bay, Old Coastguard Station
 * Roseberry Topping
 * Treasurer's House
 * Upper Wharfedale
 * Yorkshire Coast

South Yorkshire

 * Wentworth Castle Gardens
 * Wentworth Woodhouse

West Yorkshire

 * East Riddlesden Hall
 * Hardcastle Crags
 * Longshaw Estate
 * Marsden Moor Estate
 * Nostell Priory


text:
List of National Trust properties in Wales

Below is a list of the stately homes, historic houses, castles, abbeys, museums, estates, coastline and open country in the care of the National Trust in Wales, grouped into the unitary authority areas. Many areas of land owned by the trust, both open-access and closed to the public, are not listed here. This is a list of the more notable sites, generally defined as those having either an entry in the National Trust handbook, or a page on their website. There are many other areas of moorland and open country, agricultural holdings and coastline belonging to the National Trust, that are not listed here.


text:
Talk:Soleil Moon Frye

Her name
Is Moon her middle name, or does she have a double first name? The snare (talk) 20:47, 8 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I have no source to cite but I believe that Moon is her middle name. Dismas |(talk) 00:19, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

Comment
Even then, Soleil had expressed a desire to become a Veterinarian Doctor in the future, and she achieved this after attending medical school.

In real life, Soleil is the daughter of comedian Tommy Chong.

 * A quick check of IMDB and the web in general doesn't confirm either of these. --Brion 08:44 Oct 14, 2002 (UTC)

 * Tommy and me are old friends. I asked him, he said no, but after seeing her pic, he said he'd love to ask her, "Who's your daddy?" Floopy 2 July 2005 13:15 (UTC)
 * LOL Donmega60645 12:40, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Does anyone have pictures of Soleil Moon Frye from shortly before her breast reduction? Julyo 12:30, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Here are videos for those who like their Frye supersized: 170.170.59.133 (talk) 00:17, 5 December 2009 (UTC)
 * 1990 episode of Wonder Years, where she is Mimi Detweiler
 * 1992 episode of Saved by the Bell, where she is Robin

Hey, you really shouldn't say stuff about her. She was Punky Brewster. Nobody messes with her, no matter how large her breasts are.

In response to the question about her pre-reduction pictures. It was a few years ago I did see one still on the net. (We can safely assume that lawers have since, erased all trace of this picture from public view.) She was wearing a wetsuit and seemed to be surrounded by historicly-attired Hawiian males. And yes, even though the suit had them "secured down" you could see how she was going to be in pain later in life.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scientologists Here, she's listed as a former Scientologist, but this entry lists her as current. Which is it?

Is this really that notable?
In particular, on the set of the film The Saint Tammany Miracle, Frye purportedly showed up late on multiple occasions, got into arguments with other actors, and at one point came in to work with a hangover.

Comparatively, this doesn't sound all that bad.--Marysunshine 20:58, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * "Purportedly" appears to be used as a synonym for "rumored". Until we get a very good source for this it should be removed. Unsourced derogatory information has no place in this project. -Will Beback 21:09, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Younger Nudes
There's a circulation of a particular nude picture that people claim is Miss Frye. Do we have any sourcing on this either way? Rockhound 03:18, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Breast Myths
I propose that we expect citations for all of these unfortunate myths that people are adding to the article. They are too easily fabricated. Additionally, I am asking that the current myths be cited as well. I will be deleting uncited myths in one week.--Chris Griswold 04:30, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Good idea. I thought #5 to be particularly ridiculous, which is why I looked at the discussion page in the first place. --Anoriega 19:36, 29 June 2006 (CDT)

trivia
I remember that "Annie Get Your Gun" thing from a VH1 special on child stars -- Soleil telling that story as a child, on a talk show. It's certainly true (or at least Soliel says it is), but it's hard to cite a talk show or a VH1 show.

Saved by the bell?
This article is listed in the category of "Saved by the Bell" actors, but the article does not ever mention Frye's appearance in the series.

 * You're right, it doesn't. According to IMDb, she was a guest in Season 4, Episode 3: Screech's Spaghetti Sauce, playing Robin.  Is this really notable? JordeeBec 16:24, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

[] Soleil on Saved by the Bell - *proof*

"Former Scientologist" category
Nowhere in this article is her involvement -- past or present -- in the CoS even mentioned. How can she be categorized as a "former Scientologist"? Alcarillo 15:54, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I found some sources, but I can't vouch for their credibility.--T. Anthony 18:09, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Picture
Shouldn't we have a more recent pic? Bubble bunny —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 19:29, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

one of history's youngest directors?
This fallacy apparently originated at tv.com, which says: "Soleil has the honor of being one of the youngest directors in Hollywood history. At 19 years old Soleil was directing. She directed a film titled Wild Horses."

The article (and her imdb bio) amends her age during production to 22, but keeps the questionable "history's youngest" claim. Doesn't seem right, especially since neither film has achieved distribution or DVD release -- so they're not exactly a part of "Hollywood history." Bustter (talk) 21:56, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Stop vandalizing
She had a daughter, not a son. Getting tired of goofing off?King Pickle (talk) 01:50, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I kinda wish they would have given up by now as the same thing is happening on the Jason Goldberg but it's not as bad there as it is here. If it continues any further, I might have to file for temporary page protection as it's just getting ridiculous. AngelOfSadness  talk  15:27, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Please do that Angel it is getting ridiculous!--Hoobobba (talk) 17:38, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I just filed for page protection only for this page as this page is getting vandalised the most. AngelOfSadness  talk  17:43, 20 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Now we'll only have to worry about one page.--Hoobobba (talk) 17:44, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

She was also in a episode of Diff'rent Strokes.
She was also in a episode of Diff'rent Strokes called Sam's new pal. It was in 1985. she played Sam's friend Terri,whom Sam thought was a boy until she took her ball cap off.--70.157.42.18 (talk) 00:31, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

1988
Punky Brewster aired until 1988 in syndication, not 1986.75.28.176.237 (talk) 00:17, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

Correct. Check out  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.233.138 (talk) 19:26, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
 *  Pinkadelica ♣  21:32, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 August 2019
Soleil says her birthday is August 17, 1976 73.232.107.62 (talk) 17:58, 18 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. - FlightTime  ( open channel ) 18:01, 18 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soleil Moon Frye


text:
List of National Trust properties in Northern Ireland

National Trust properties in Northern Ireland is a list of National Trust properties in Northern Ireland.

County Antrim

 * Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge
 * The Crown Liquor Saloon
 * Divis and Black Mountain, Belfast
 * Dunseverick Castle
 * Fair Head Coastal Nature Reserve
 * Giant's Causeway
 * Patterson's Spade Mill

County Armagh

 * Ardress House
 * Coney Island, Lough Neagh
 * Derrymore House

County Down

 * Castle Ward
 * Mount Stewart
 * Murlough Nature Reserve
 * Rowallane Garden

County Fermanagh

 * Castle Coole
 * Crom Estate
 * Florence Court

County Londonderry

 * Downhill Estate and Mussenden Temple
 * Hezlett House
 * Springhill
 * Portstewart Strand

County Tyrone

 * Gray's Printing Press, Strabane
 * Wellbrook Beetling Mill, Cookstown


text:
Popper

Popper may refer to:

 * Popper (surname), including a list of people with the name
 * Jalapeño popper, a type of food
 * Poppers, a slang term for alkyl nitrites inhaled for recreational purposes
 * Poppers, a brand of frozen food owned by Heinz
 * Popper (see Popping (dance)), a person dancing in a certain street/funk style
 * Popper, a floating fishing popper or fly with a cupped or flat, forward-facing indentation that splashes the surface of the water with a popping sound when tugged
 * A hip pop musician
 * Popper, a ball that rises sharply from the pitch when bowled ('pops up') in cricket
 * Popper, a juicebox (Australian English)
 * Popper buttons, another term for "snap fasteners"
 * Poppers, an alternate name for tearaway pants in British English
 * Party popper, a small 'toy' filled with confetti streamers and a small explosive charge to release them
 * Bang snaps, small novelty fireworks that produce a loud snapping sound when thrown on the ground
 * Poppers, a slang term for Papadum, an Indian crisp wafer or cracker
 * Poppers, a cartoon strip by Jerry Mills
 * Eye popper, a dome-shaped children's toy

title: Popper


text:
William Cavendish (courtier)

Sir William Cavendish MP (c. 1505 – 25 October 1557) was an English politician, knight and courtier. Cavendish held public office and accumulated a considerable fortune, and became one of Thomas Cromwell's "visitors of the monasteries" during the dissolution of the monasteries. He was MP for Thirsk in 1547. In 1547 he married Bess of Hardwick, and the couple began the construction of Chatsworth House in 1552, a project which would not be completed until after his death. His second son William Cavendish (1552–1626) became the first Earl of Devonshire, purchasing his title from the impecunious King James I.

Early life
He was the younger son of Thomas Cavendish (1472–1524), who was a senior financial official, the "clerk of the pipe", in the Court of Exchequer, and his wife, Alice Smith of Padbrook Hall. He was the great-great-great-grandson of Sir John Cavendish from whom the Dukes of Devonshire and the Dukes of Newcastle inherited the family name of Cavendish.

Career
Cavendish became one of Thomas Cromwell's "visitors of the monasteries" when King Henry VIII annexed the property of the Catholic Church at the end of the 1530s, in the dissolution of the monasteries. This followed from his successful career as a financial expert holding public office in the Exchequer, which led to his wealth. He was accused of accumulating extra riches unfairly during the dissolution. After Cromwell's fall, he was sent to Ireland to survey and value lands which had fallen to the English during the FitzGerald Rebellion.

He was connected to the Seymour brothers Edward and Thomas, and via them to the family of Jane Grey, but he also took care to send tokens of goodwill to the Lady Mary. He was appointed Treasurer of the Chamber from 1546 to 1553 but, after an audit, was accused of embezzling a significant amount of money. Only his death saved the family from disgrace.

During the reign of Mary I, a favourable biography of Thomas Wolsey was first published, written from the perspective of one of his closest aides, the one who had taken King Henry news of Wolsey's death. Although for centuries Sir William was said to be its author, historians now attribute it to his older brother George Cavendish (1494–1562).

Family
William Cavendish had a total of 16 children by three different wives. His first wife was Margaret Bostock; they had five children, but only three daughters survived:
 * Catherine, who married Thomas Brooke, son of Lord Cobham
 * Mary (died after 1547)
 * Ann, who married Sir Henry Boynton in 1561
 * Margaret, died in 1540

In 1542, he was married to Elizabeth Parker; she had three children, none of whom survived. She died after giving birth to a stillborn daughter in 1546.

In 1547, he married Bess of Hardwick. He sold his property in Suffolk and moved to Bess's native county of Derbyshire. He purchased the Chatsworth estate in 1549 and the couple began to build Chatsworth House in 1552.

In the ten years before he died, they had eight children, six of whom survived infancy:
 * Frances Cavendish (1548–1632), married Henry Pierrepont
 * Henry Cavendish (1550–1616), eldest son, Knight of the Shire and MP for Derbyshire for over 20 years, eventually disinherited by his mother in favour of his younger brother William
 * William Cavendish (1552–1626), the first Earl of Devonshire
 * Charles Cavendish (1553–1617), father of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle
 * Elizabeth Cavendish (1555–1582), later entered into a controversial marriage with Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox, by whom she was the mother of Arbella Stuart, claimant to the English throne
 * Mary Cavendish (1556–1632), married Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury. Their daughter Alethea Talbot Howard is an ancestor of the 5th and later Dukes of Norfolk.

title: William Cavendish (courtier)


text:
Francis Picabia

Francis Picabia (: born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia; 22January 1879 – 30November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, writer, filmmaker, magazine publisher, poet, and typographist closely associated with Dada.

When considering the many styles that Picabia painted in, observers have described his career as "shape-shifting" or "kaleidoscopic". After experimenting with Impressionism and Pointillism, Picabia became associated with Cubism. His highly abstract planar compositions were colourful and rich in contrasts. He was one of the early major figures of the Dada movement in the United States and in France before denouncing it in 1921. He was later briefly associated with Surrealism, but would soon turn his back on the art establishment.

Early life
Francis Picabia was born in Paris of a French mother and a Cuban father of Spanish descent. Some sources would have his father as of aristocratic Spanish descent, whereas others consider him of non-aristocratic Spanish descent, from the region of Galicia. His birth year of 1879 coincided with the Spanish-Cuban Little War; and though Picabia was born in Paris, his father was involved in Cuban-French relations and would later serve as attaché at the Cuban legation in Paris (see the Treaty of 1898). The family ties to Cuba would be important in Picabia's life later on.

The family was affluent, and both parents encouraged Picabia to pursue an art career. Picabia's mother died of tuberculosis when he was five, and he was raised by his father.

Picabia's artistic ability was apparent from his youth. In 1894, he copied a collection of Spanish paintings that belonged to his grandfather, switching the copies for the originals and selling the originals to finance his stamp collection. A lifelong philanderer, Picabia eloped to Switzerland in 1897 with one of his mistresses, causing his father to briefly cut off contact with him.

Art career
During the late 1890s, Picabia began to study art under Fernand Cormon and others at École des Arts Decoratifs, Cormon's academy at 104 boulevard de Clichy, where Van Gogh and Toulouse-Lautrec had also studied. He studied under Fernand Cormon, Ferdinand Humbert, and Albert Charles Wallet for two years. From the age of twenty, Picabia lived by painting. Subsequently, he inherited money from his mother, leaving him far wealthier than most of his contemporaries in the art world. He began buying at least one new sports car each year, and ultimately owned 127 over the course of his life.

Early in his career, from 1903 to 1908, Picabia was influenced by the Impressionist paintings of Alfred Sisley. His subject matter included small churches, lanes, roofs of Paris, riverbanks, wash houses, and barges. This led critics to question his originality, saying that he copied Sisley, that his cathedrals looked like Monet cathedrals, or that he painted like Signac. He soon came to feel he was working in an outdated style and began to look for a new approach.

From 1909, his style changed as he came under the influence of a group of artists soon to be called Cubists. These artists would later form the Golden Section (Section d'Or). The same year, Picabia married Gabrielle Buffet. (They would divorce in 1930.)

Around 1911 Picabia joined the Puteaux Group, whose members he had met at the studio of Jacques Villon in Puteaux, a commune in the western suburbs of Paris. There he became friends with artist Marcel Duchamp and close friends with Guillaume Apollinaire. Other group members included Albert Gleizes, Roger de La Fresnaye, Fernand Léger and Jean Metzinger.

Proto-Dada
In 1913, the Association of American Painters and Sculptors held the first major show of modernist art in New York City, which would become known as the Armory Show. The wealthy Picabia was the only member of the Cubist group to personally attend the Armory Show, as the others could not afford to do so, and he also contributed four paintings. The American press was largely hostile to the show, describing it as bizarre or deviant, but Picabia was widely interviewed and discussed as the only representative of the movement available. He immediately became a major name in New York's artistic circles.

Avant-garde art dealer Alfred Stieglitz also gave Picabia a solo show, Exhibition of New York studies by Francis Picabia, at his gallery 291 (formerly Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession), 17 March – 5 April 1913. There, Picabia displayed work that he had created in the past few months in New York. Influenced by abstract art from the Armory Show such as that of Wassily Kandinsky, he was now creating abstract works of his own. When he returned to Paris in April 1913, he formally broke with the Cubists.

From 1913 to 1915 Picabia traveled to New York City several times. During that same era, France became embroiled in war. In 1915, Picabia again traveled to the United States en route to Cuba to buy molasses for a friend of his—the director of a sugar refinery. He landed in NewYork in June 1915. Though the stopover was ostensibly meant to be a simple port of call, he decided to remain there for a while to continue working on his art. He did not return to France until the war's conclusion.

The following years can be characterized as Picabia's proto-Dada or "machinist" period, consisting mainly of his portraits mécaniques. Picabia was first impressed by mechanical advances on his initial, 1913 visit to New York, and on returning to Europe, he was impressed by futurist painters such as Natalia Goncharova and Mikhail Larionov. Picabia was particularly influenced by the "machine style" of Marcel Duchamp, in which the artist used materials such as metal and glass as well as mechanical drawing implements. In 1915, Picabia began to create and exhibit his own drawings and prints of mysterious machines and apparatuses to reflect the coming of "the age of machines". He continued in this style for almost a decade, exhibiting a large solo show of his machinist work in 1922. In 1923, he abruptly discontinued his work in the style, as he had with several previous styles.

In this period, the magazine 291 devoted an entire issue to him, he met Man Ray, Gabrielle and Duchamp joined him, drugs and alcohol became a problem and his health declined. He suffered from dropsy and tachycardia.

Manifesto
Later, in 1916, while in Barcelona and within a small circle of refugee artists that included Albert Gleizes and his wife Juliette Roche, Marie Laurencin, Olga Sacharoff, Robert Delaunay and Sonia Delaunay, he started his Dada periodical 391 (published by Galeries Dalmau), modeled on Stieglitz's own periodical. He continued the periodical with the help of Marcel Duchamp in the United States. In Zürich, seeking treatment for depression and suicidal impulses, he had met Tristan Tzara, whose radical ideas thrilled Picabia. Back in Paris, and now with his mistress Germaine Everling, he was in the city of "les assises dada" where André Breton, Paul Éluard, Philippe Soupault and Louis Aragon met at Certa, a Basque bar in the Passage de l'Opera. Picabia, the provocateur, was back home.

Picabia continued his involvement in the Dada movement through 1919 in Zürich and Paris, before breaking away from it after developing an interest in Surrealist art. (See Cannibale, 1921.) He denounced Dada in 1921, and issued a personal attack against Breton in the final issue of 391, in 1924. The same year, he appeared briefly in the René Clair short film Entr'acte, which would become one of the most famous surrealist films of the decade.

Later years
Reflecting on his break with Dada, Picabia wrote, "If you want to have clean ideas, change them like shirts." His career would later be remembered in part for his wide range of artistic styles. In 1922, André Breton relaunched Littérature magazine with cover images by Picabia, to whom he gave carte blanche for each issue. Picabia drew on religious imagery, erotic iconography, and the iconography of games of chance.

In 1925, Picabia returned to figurative painting, producing a series of dense, garish paintings known as his "Monster" period. These would later be an important influence on German painter Sigmar Polke. From 1927 to 1930, Picabia produced his "Transparencies" series, paintings that combined images from High Renaissance art with figures from contemporary popular culture.

During the 1930s became a close friend of and received encouragement from the modernist novelist Gertrude Stein, painting a portrait of her in 1933. In 1940, he married Olga Mohler on June 14, the same day that the Nazis seized Paris. Shortly after, he moved to the South of France, where his work took a surprising turn: he produced a series of paintings based on the nude glamour photos in French "girlie" magazines like Paris Sex-Appeal,  in a garish style which appears to subvert traditional, academic nude painting. Some of these went to an Algerian merchant who sold them, and so it passed that Picabia came to decorate brothels across North Africa under the Occupation. Before the end of World War II, he returned to Paris, where he resumed abstract painting and writing poetry. A large retrospective of his work was held at the Galerie René Drouin in Paris in the spring of 1949. Picabia died in Paris in 1953 and was interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre.

Personal life
He was married in 1909 to Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia, a French art critic and writer affiliated with Dadaism and later an organizer of the French resistance. They had four children. They divorced in 1930. Their tumultuous union is re-imagined by great-granddaughter Anne Berest in The Postcard, a semi-autobiographical French novel published in 2021.

Legacy
Public collections holding works by Picabia include the Museum of Modern Art and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York; the Philadelphia Museum of Art; the Art Institute of Chicago; the Tate Gallery, London and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris.

In the mid-1980s two of Picabia's Dada writings, Who Knows and Yes No were published in English by Hanuman Books and in 2007 MIT Press published a large book of his poetry and other writings in English called I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, and Provocation that was translated by Marc Lowenthal.

A major retrospective of Picabia's work in the United States was held in 2016 at Kunsthaus Zürich and then from 2016 to 2017 at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. The retrospective was widely discussed by international art critics such as Philippe Dagen from Le Monde.

Among the artists influenced by Picabia's work are the American artists David Salle and Julian Schnabel, the German artist Sigmar Polke, and the Italian artist Francesco Clemente. In 1996, French artist Jean-Jacques Lebel initiated and co-curated the exhibition Picabia, Dalmau 1922 (with reference to Picabia's solo exhibition at Galeries Dalmau in 1922) shown at Fundació Antoni Tàpies in Barcelona and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou. In 2002, the artists Peter Fischli & David Weiss installed Suzanne Pagé's retrospective devoted to Picabia at the musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris (MAMVP).

In 2003, a Picabia painting once owned by André Breton sold for US$1.6million. Picabia's Volucelle II (c. 1922) sold for US$8,789,000 at Sotheby's in 2013, then the highest price for one of the artist's works. A new record was set in 2022 with the sale of Pavonia at Sotheby's for US$11million.

External link

 * Picabia's Cats
 * Comité Picabia; the organization developing a catalogue raisonné of the artist
 * Picabia images at CGFA
 * Scans of Picabia's publication, 391
 * Movement'' in the MoMA Online Collection
 * Francis Picabia. Machines and Spanish Women Exhibition at Fundació Antoni Tàpies
 * Francis Picabia: Materials and Techniques; publication of the MoMA

title: Francis Picabia


text:
Index of conservation articles

This is an index of conservation topics. It is an alphabetical index of articles relating to conservation biology and conservation of the natural environment.

A

 * Abiotic stress - Adaptive management - Adventive plant - Aerial-seeding - Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora - Agroecology - American Prairie Foundation - Anti-whaling - Assisted migration - Assisted migration of forests in North America

B

 * Biodegradation - Biodiversity - Biodiversity action plan - Biodiversity hotspot - Biogenic - Biodiversity Outcomes Framework - Biogeographic realm - Biogeography - Bioinformatics - Biological integrity - Biomagnification - Biomaterial - Biome - Biomimicry - Biomonitoring - Biophilia hypothesis - Biophilic design - Biopiracy - Bioregion - Bioregionalism - Biosafety - Biosalinity - Biosecurity - Biosphere - Biosphere reserve - Biostatistics - Biosurvey - Biotechnology - Bioterrorism - Biotransference - Bird conservation - Blue-listed - Bottom trawling - Buffer zone

C

 * Captive breeding - Cave conservation - Charismatic megafauna - CITES - Common species - Community-based conservation - Compassionate conservation - Conference of Governors - Conservation agriculture - Conservation area - Conservation authority - Conservation biology - Conservation Commons - Conservation community - Conservation dependent - Conservation designation - Conservation development - Conservation easement - Conservation ethic - Conservation grazing - Conservation headland - Conservation land trust – Conservation management system - Conservation movement - Conservation of American bison - Conservation park - Conservation photography - Conservation psychology - Conservation-reliant species - Conservation status - Conservation welfare - Convention on Biological Diversity - COTES - Critically endangered species - Cross-boundary subsidy - Cross-fostering (conservation of resources)

D

 * Data deficient - Debt-for-nature swap - Deforestation

E

 * Ecoregion - Ecosystem restoration - Ecosystem services - Ecological crisis - Ecological island - Ecological niche - Ecological selection - Ecotone - Edge effect - Endangered species - Endangered species recovery plan - Endemic Bird Area - Endemism - Environmental stewardship - Evolutionarily Significant Unit - Extinction - Extinction event - Ex-situ conservation - Extinct in the wild - Extinction threshold

F

 * Flagship species - Forest fragmentation - Fortress conservation

G

 * Gaia theory - Gaia philosophy - Gaian - Game Warden - GPS Wildlife Tracking - GRANK - Gap analysis - Genetic pollution - Genetic erosion - Global strategy for plant conservation - Greenprinting

H

 * Habitat - Habitat fragmentation - Habitat conservation - Habitat destruction - Habitat fragmentation - Habitats Directive

I

 * Illegal logging - Important Bird Area - In-situ conservation - Index of biological integrity - Indianapolis Prize - Indigenous and community conserved area - The Institute for Bird Populations - Integrated Conservation and Development Project - Invader potential - Island restoration

K

 * Keystone species

L

 * Landscape-scale conservation - Lists of ecoregions by country - List of extinct birds - List of solar energy topics - List of threatened species of the Philippines - Local nature reserve - Logging - Latent extinction risk - Lower risk

M

 * Marine Protected Area - Marine conservation - Marine park - Marine reserve - Marxan - Millennium Seed Bank Partnership - Minimal impact code - Mission blue butterfly habitat conservation - Monarch butterfly conservation in California

N

 * National Cleanup Day -  National Conservation Commission - National Conservation Exposition - National marine conservation area - National nature reserve - National park - NATURA 2000 - Natural heritage - Natural monument – Nature reserve - Nest box - North American Game Warden Museum

O

 * Old growth forest - Operation Wallacea

P

 * Penguin sweater - Pollinator decline - Protected area

R

 * Ramsar site - Rare species - Red-listed - Regional Forest Agreement - Regional Red List - Reforestation - Reintroduction - Resource management - Restoration ecology - Rewilding - Roadless area conservation

S

 * Scaling pattern of occupancy - Seedbank - Site based conservation - Site of Nature Conservation Interest - Site of Special Scientific Interest - Small population size - Soil salination - Soils retrogression and degradation - Solar air conditioning - Solar energy - Solar thermal energy - Shifting baseline syndrome - Soil conservation - Source-sink dynamics - Special Area of Conservation - Special Protection Area - Species richness - Species Survival Plan - Species of concern - Species translocation - Stewardship cessation Strict nature reserve - Subnational rank - Sustainability - Sustainable forest management - Sustainable habitat - Sustainable industries - Sustainable procurement - Sustainable seafood - Sustainable yield

T

 * Terraforming - Terrestrial ecoregion - The Nature Conservancy - 30 by 30 - Threatened species - Trail ethics - Translocation

U

 * Urban biosphere reserve

V

 * Variable retention - Vulnerability and susceptibility in conservation biology - Vulnerable species

W

 * Water Conservation Order - Waterbar - Waterway restoration - Weed - Wetland conservation - Wilderness area - Wildlife corridor - Wildlife Conservation Society - Wildlife reserve - Wildlife trade - Woodland management - World Cleanup Day - World Commission on Protected Areas - World Conference on Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity as an Aid to their Survival - World Heritage Site - World Network of Biosphere Reserves

Z

 * Zoo - Zoogeography

Conventions, protocols, panels and summits

 * Biosafety protocol - Montreal 2000
 * Convention on Biological Diversity
 * Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
 * Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas
 * Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
 * Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes
 * Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat - Ramsar Convention
 * Earth Summit 2002 (World Summit on Sustainable Development), Johannesburg 2002
 * Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 * International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
 * International Seabed Authority
 * International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
 * International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983
 * IUCN protected area categories
 * IUCN Red List
 * United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
 * World Commission on Protected Areas - WCPA

United Nations bodies

 * UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)
 * United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
 * United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
 * United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

title: Index of conservation articles


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Conservation Worldwide/Archive 1

Renata, just some first comments on this WikiProject: Guy 09:42 Oct 14, 2002 (UTC)
 * It looks really promising! I'm intrigued to what it could lead...
 * I notice you have created a number of subarticles (eg. Australia/Conservation). If I'm not mistaken, Wikipedia is in the process of getting rid of subarticles (have a look at what they're doing at WikiProject Countries). Subpages are generally transformed into normal article pages. So, Australia/Conservation would become Conservation in Australia (Or should "in" be replaced by "of" - I'm not sure).
 * I have taken the liberty of redirecting this WikiProject to WikiProject Conservation Worldwide as is the standard name for a WikiProject. I also moved the WikiProject Protected Areas to become a subproject of this one.

It would have been nice if you had corrected the title when I first quoted it in my most recent message. Now I have dozens of links to fix. Renata

Renata, I'm sorry I didn't notice it the first time. As I've said, I only had a quick look at it before (and I was quite tired), so it must have escaped my attention. However, I don't see why you have dozens of links to fix. Every link that points to WikiProject Conservation worldwide will now be redirected to WikiProject Conservation Worldwide (click these two links and you'll see). So what is there to fix? Also, you've only created 3 subpages: Australia/Conservation, Republic of Ireland/Conservation and United Kingdom/Conservation. This hardly counts as "dozens", does it? Or am I missing something? Guy 20:39 Oct 14, 2002 (UTC)

Hello Guy, thanks for the reply. I forgot about the redirection! But I've put the link on other sites as well, e.g. Conservation and others. As to creating subarticles, how could the main page function without them? It would take ages to load and to scroll down. People would just get fed up with it. I also would not be able to work on it anymore as my PC is very slow and crashes a lot. Frankly, if I can't make subarticles, I would have to stop working on it. Until this is clarified, I'll continue with National Parks, Wiildlife Trusts and National Trust pages, but not the WikiProject, I think. Regards, Renata.

Renata, even if you've put the link on other pages, it will still work (I've checked the link on Conservation and it works perfectly). *Every* link which points to the "old" page will automatically be redirected to the "new" page. I honestly don't see the problem. As to the subarticles, there may be a misunderstanding here. I'm not 100 percent sure for which pages the term is used exactly (but pretty sure nevertheless). AFAIK it's used for pages with a slash ("/") in it, with the term before the slash denoting the main article and the term after the slash the name of the subarticle. From what I've seen, the common practise seems to be to drop the slash and use words instead (eg. Australia/Conservation would become Conservation in Australia. I'm not at all implying that the contents of Australia/Conservation should be written in the main WikiProject article. All I'm saying is that it's probably not a bad idea to move it to Conservation in Australia. Guy 11:45 Oct 15, 2002 (UTC)