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Escondido, California

Escondido (Spanish for "Hidden") is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. Located in the North County region, it was incorporated in 1888, and is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County. It has a population of 151,038 as of the 2020 census.

Etymology
"Escondido" is a Spanish word meaning "hidden". One source says the name originally referred to agua escondida or hidden water or valley; another says it meant "hidden treasure".

History
The Escondido area was first settled by the Luiseño, who established campsites and villages along the creek running through the area. They named the place Mixéelum Pompáwvo or "Mehel-om-pom-pavo." The Luiseno also had another village north of Mixéelum Pompáwvo called Panakare. The Kumeyaay migrated from areas near the Colorado River, settling both in the San Pasqual Valley and near the San Dieguito River in the southwestern and western portions of what is now Escondido. Most of the villages and campsites today have been destroyed by development and agriculture.

Spanish and Mexican eras
Spain controlled the land from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, and established many missions in California to convert the indigenous people. When Mexico gained its independence from Spain, the local land was divided into large ranchos. Most of what is now Escondido occupies the former Rancho Rincon del Diablo ("Devil's Corner"), a Mexican land grant given to Juan Bautista Alvarado (not the governor of the same name) in 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena. Alvarado was a Regidor of Los Angeles at the time, and the first Regidor of the Pueblo San Diego. The southern part of Escondido occupies the former Rancho San Bernardo, granted in 1842 and 1845.

In 1846, during the Mexican–American War, the Battle of San Pasqual was fought southeast of Escondido. This battle pitted Mexican forces under Andrés Pico (brother of then-California-governor Pío Pico) against Americans under Stephen W. Kearny, Archibald Gillespie, and Kit Carson. A park in Escondido is named for Carson.

American era
The city was home to a largely Spanish-speaking population in the first census, taken in 1850 when California became a state. After statehood, non-Hispanic settlers came to Southern California in increasing numbers, many of them from the Midwestern states. The decade of the 1880s is known as the "Southern California Land Boom" because so many people moved to the state.

In 1853, pro-Southern Copperheads proposed dividing the state of California to create a new Territory of Colorado (at this time the territory that would become the state of Colorado was named "Jefferson"). San Diego Judge Oliver S. Witherby suggested placing the capitol of the new territory in Rancho Rincon del Diablo. He envisioned a railroad connecting San Diego to Fort Yuma through an area about two miles (3 km) south of the current Escondido site, heading east through San Pasqual. With a series of deeds in 1855 and 1856, the rancho was transferred from the heirs of Juan Bautista Alvarado to Witherby. He planned to profit from the town that he believed would be established from the dividing point on the railroad below the eastern hills. The proposal for splitting the state and creating the new territory passed in the California legislature, but died in Congress in the run-up to the Civil War. It was effectively killed in 1861 when Congress organized the Territory of Colorado in the area previously occupied by the Jefferson Territory. With Witherby's vision of owning a bustling state capitol unrealized, he set up a mining operation on the rancho instead.

In 1868, Witherby sold the rancho for $8,000 to Edward McGeary and John, Josiah, and Matthew Wolfskill. McGeary owned half the rancho, while the three Wolfskill brothers each owned an equal share of the other half. John Wolfskill farmed sheep, horses, and cattle on the rancho for a number of years. Wolfskill had frequent conflicts with the Couts family, owners of the neighboring Guajome, Buena Vista, and San Marcos ranchos, over grazing lands and watering holes.

In October 1883, a group of Los Angeles investors purchased Rancho Rincon del Diablo. This group sold the land to the newly formed Escondido Company in 1884. On December 18, 1885, investors incorporated the Escondido Land and Town Company, and in 1886 this company purchased the 12814 acre area for approximately $100,000. Two years later, in 1888, Escondido was incorporated as a city; the vote was 64 in favor of cityhood with 12 votes against. Railroads such as the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific were laid in the 1880s. The opening of U.S. Route 395 in 1930 boosted economic growth in Escondido. Escondido was primarily an agricultural community, growing muscat grapes initially. After a dam was built in 1894–1895 to form what is known today as Lake Wohlford, orange and lemon trees were planted in large numbers, as were olive and walnut trees. By the 1960s, avocados became the largest local crop. Since the 1970s, Escondido has lost most of its agricultural land to housing developments, but still retains a significant agricultural presence in the San Pascual Valley, including vineyards, citrus orchards, and avocado orchards.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 37.0 sqmi. 36.8 sqmi of it is land and 0.2 sqmi of it is water. The total area is 0.48% water.

Escondido is also bordered by San Marcos to the west and northern San Diego to the south.

The city contains several neighborhoods, including:
 * Mark Skovorodko Photography - Downtown Escondido Aerial.jpg Downtown Escondido centers on Grand Avenue between Centre City Parkway and the site of the old Palomar Hospital. The city's general plan defines the Downtown Specific Plan Area as approximately 460 acres bounded by Centre City Parkway on the west, Hickory and Ivy Streets on the east, Washington Avenue on the north, and Fifth Avenue on the south, with an additional narrow section extending west along Valley Parkway to Interstate 15. Downtown Escondido includes a mix of coffee shops, restaurants, assorted retail, art galleries, bakeries, a comedy club, and the newly renovated historic Ritz Theater.
 * [[File:Mark Skovorodko Photography - Escondido Historic District Neighborhood Afternoon.jpg|alt=A neighborhood view in Old Escondido Historic District in Escondido, California.|thumb|Neighborhood view in Old Escondido Historic District in Escondido]]Old Escondido Historic District is bounded by Escondido Boulevard on the west, Chestnut Street on the east, Fifth Avenue on the north, and Thirteenth Avenue on the south. This area is made up of mostly single-family residential housing built in the late 1800s and early 1900s in the Victorian and Craftsman styles and is a 5- to 10-minute walk to Grand Avenue in Downtown Escondido.

The Escondido Creek bisects the city. It originates at the Lake Wohlford Dam in the northeast, passes through downtown and leaves the city through the Harmony Grove area in the southwest before eventually emptying into the San Elijo Lagoon. The creek path through the city was developed into a concrete flood control channel in the 1960s. A Class I bicycle path runs along most of the channel's length.

The community of Valley Center is located just northeast of Escondido. Valley View Casino, owned by the San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians, is located in Valley Center.

Natural vegetation types in the Escondido area include chaparral brushland, oak woodland, riparian (stream) woodland, and grassland. The Daley Ranch Preserve north of the city provides a good location to view these natural vegetation types.

Climate
Escondido has a borderline semi-arid climate (Köppen: Bsh) and hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with hot summers and cool, wet winters. Owing to its inland setting, it is considerably warmer than coastal cities like San Diego, Carlsbad or Oceanside during the summertime, and cooler in the winter. Yearly precipitation averages around 15 in and can vary considerably from year to year. Rainfall totals are higher in the hills to the north and east, with 20-24 in falling in most areas above 2,000 ft in elevation, and over 30 in on Palomar Mountain, 15 mi to the east. More than 80% of all precipitation takes place from November through March. Snow is virtually unheard of, though occasionally winter and springtime thunderstorms will drop small hail. The climate is mild enough to allow widespread cultivation of avocados and oranges. Escondido is located in a plant hardiness zone 10a. The hottest temperature recorded in Escondido was 115 F on September 6, 2020. The coldest temperature recorded in Escondido was 13 F on January 2, 1901, and January 7, 1913.

Dixon Lake
Dixon Lake is located in the north of Escondido. It is a popular place for picnics, camping, and fishing. Dixon Lake has been granted an Aquaculture Permit by the State of California Department of Fish and Wildlife, so that fishing licenses are no longer required. However, all anglers eight years and older will need daily lake fishing permits, which are available at the concession stand. Throughout the year, the city keeps stocking different types of fish, which include bass, bluegill, carp, catfish, crappie, and trout. Each year the Trout Derby event is also hosted at Dixon Lake.

2010 census
In the 2010 United States Census, Escondido had a population of 143,911. The population density was 3,890.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup was 60.4% White (Non-Hispanic White 40.4%), 2.5% African American (2.1% Non-Hispanic black), 1.0% Native American, 6.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 25.4% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 48.9% of the population.

The Census reported that 141,792 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 1,333 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 786 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 45,484 households, out of which 18,989 (41.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 23,535 (51.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6,082 (13.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,115 (6.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,121 (6.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 343 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 9,528 households (20.9%) were made up of individuals, and 4,235 (9.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12. There were 32,732 families (72.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.57.

The age distribution of the population showed 39,778 people (27.6%) under the age of 18, 15,455 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 41,043 people (28.5%) aged 25 to 44, 32,551 people (22.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 15,084 people (10.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

There were 48,044 housing units at an average density of 1,298.9 /sqmi, of which 23,759 (52.2%) were owner-occupied, and 21,725 (47.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.0%. 70,936 people (49.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 70,856 people (49.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 133,559 people, 43,817 households, and 31,153 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,421.4/km$2$ (3,680.9/mi2). There were 45,050 housing units at an average density of 479.4/km$2$ (1,241.6/mi2). The racial makeup of the city was 67.82% White, 2.25% African American, 1.23% Native American, 4.46% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 19.19% from other races, and 4.81% from two or more races. 38.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 43,817 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.50.

In the city, the age distribution of the population showed 29.7% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $42,567, and the median income for a family was $48,456. Males had a median income of $32,627 versus $27,526 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,241. 13.4% of the population and 9.3% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 17.9% of those under the age of 18 and 5.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

The city can be divided into two demographically distinct areas. Peripheral hilly areas to the north, southeast, and southwest are relatively wealthy and populated by non-Hispanic whites, and flat areas adjacent to the downtown are predominantly Hispanic. As of 2006–07 school year, non-Hispanic white children comprised 71.7% of all students in Bernardo Elementary School (southwest), 60.8% of all students in L.R. Green Elementary School (southeast), and 54.7% of all students in Reidy Creek Elementary School (north); In contrast, Farr Avenue, Pioneer and Lincoln Elementary schools (three large schools just north of the downtown) all have more than 85% of Hispanic and less than 6% non-Hispanic white students.

Crime
In 2007, the city ranked #65 by violent crimes per capita and #58 by property crimes per capita among 165 cities in California with populations greater than 50,000. Compared with the 12 largest cities in San Diego County, it ranked 6th in both categories. Its crime rate was lower in both categories than San Diego, El Cajon, and National City; higher in both categories than San Marcos, Carlsbad, Encinitas, and Santee. Escondido had a higher violent crime rate but lower property crime rate than La Mesa and Chula Vista; it had a lower violent crime rate but higher property crime rate than Vista and Oceanside.

However, since 2008, Escondido has seen a drop in overall crime. In 2009, 629 violent crimes and 3,880 property crimes were reported in Escondido. There were four murders and non-negligent manslaughters, 42 rapes, 249 robberies, 334 aggravated assaults, 779 burglaries, 2,402 larceny thefts, 699 vehicle thefts, and 23 arsons. In 2010, Escondido saw a 5 percent drop in violent crime, with only 597 reported violent crimes according to the Escondido Police Officer's Association. However, there was a 3.9 percent increase in the number of property crimes, including residential and commercial burglaries, from 3,880 in 2009 to 4,033 in 2010, according to FBI statistics. In 2011, violent crime has decreased by 17.09% as compared to the same period in 2010. Leading the reduction is rape which is down 24.32%. Armed robberies went down 23.86%, followed by aggravated assault which is down 16.81%. There were 3 homicides in the city, the same as the previous year.

Economy
Residents work in a range of industries. Out of the approximately 64,000 employed civilian residents over the age of 16, 15% work in educational, health care and social services; 13% in retail trade; 13% in construction; 12% in professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services; 11% in arts, entertainment, recreation, and accommodation and food services; 11% in manufacturing; and 11% in other services.

Top employers
According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

In 2006, Stone Brewing Co. moved its headquarters and brewery from San Marcos, California to a new, much larger facility in the Quail Hills area of Escondido. Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps is also located in the city.

Shopping

 * The Farmers Market in downtown Escondido is a certified Farmers Market that showcases fresh-picked California-grown fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
 * The Escondido Swap Market has operated over 40 years, and features used and new merchandise and food.
 * Westfield North County, which opened in 1986, is an indoor shopping mall on Via Rancho Parkway in southern Escondido. It features JC Penney, Macy's, and Target.

Downtown
Downtown has become more active in the past few years with the opening of restaurants, cafes, and galleries. A satellite location of the Mingei International Museum, a well-known museum of folk art from around the world, occupied the former J.C. Penney building on Grand Avenue from 2003 to 2010. One block off Grand Ave. is Grape Day Park with the civic center and the California Center for the Arts, which features two theaters, a visual arts museum, an educational complex, and a conference center. Grape Day Park also hosts the Escondido History Center, an independent non-profit museum. San Diego Children's Discovery Museum, across the street on N Broadway, features hands-on exhibits and programs for children up to 10 years of age, with an authentically regional perspective on natural and social science. The History Center features the city's original Santa Fe Depot, first library, Victorian house, barn, and blacksmith shop. The Pioneer Room of Escondido Public Library (located in the Mathes Center building next to the Main Library) offers photographs, maps, oral histories, genealogical collections, directories and yearbooks documenting Escondido's history. On Friday evenings a car rally called Cruisin' Grand takes place on seven blocks of Grand Avenue, featuring pre-1970 vintage cars every year from April to September.

The Escondido Arts Partnership, a non-profit art organization established in 1995, created and hosts the Second Saturday Art Walk, involving several galleries and museums in Escondido. It also has a Municipal Gallery including five galleries and five art study spaces. It operates the Betty Woodaman Memorial Art Library, a donated-based art library that offers art books local community, and publishes an annual collection of poetry and art called "Summation".

Distinction Gallery on Grand Avenue celebrated its 20th anniversary in September 2023. Known for its eclectic collection, the gallery has a particular focus on surrealism. It represents such notable surrealist painters as Casey Weldon and Jon Jaylo. It is in the same arts complex as the nonprofit ArtHatch.

Sports
From 1964 to 1968, the San Diego Chargers held training camp in Escondido.

In 1981, Escondido National Little League became the 19th team to make it to the Little League World Series from the state of California. The team was first District 31 champions, then District 8 champions. They then won the Southern California Divisional Tournament at Youth Athletic Park by beating San Bernardino Civitan 3–2 in the quarterfinals, then beating Granada Hills American 5–1 in the semifinals and then beating Ladera National 7–5 in the finals to earn a trip to the Western Regional. At the Western Regional in San Bernardino, the Escondido team won four straight games to earn the trip to Williamsport.

In October 2010, Merritt Paulson, owner of the AAA Portland Beavers franchise, announced that the team was being sold to the North County Baseball ownership group, led by Jeff Moorad, part-owner and CEO of the Beavers parent team, the San Diego Padres. The ownership group discussed building a stadium in Escondido to become operational for the 2012 baseball season at the earliest. In December 2010, the Escondido city council voted to go ahead with the ballpark. The stadium was slated to open in April 2013. However, the plan to move the team fell through in late 2011.

The San Diego Sabers of the United States Premier Hockey League play at the Iceoplex in Escondido.

Parks
Escondido has fifteen parks:

 * Mark Skovorodko Photography - Daley Ranch Escondido Aerial.jpg Ranch is a 3058 acre conservation area acquired in 1996 by the City of Escondido and is managed in perpetuity for the preservation of a biologically unique and diverse habitat area of regional importance. Daley Ranch has over 20 mi of hiking, mountain biking, and equestrian trails. Six distinct trails cover most of the property. Most popular are the Boulder Loop Trail (2.4 miles) which affords views of Escondido, and the Ranch House Loop (2.5 miles), which passes two small ponds and the site of Daley's original log cabin. Several species of oak trees are common, as well as chaparral (brushland). Wildlife include deer, coyote, bobcats, rabbits and hawks. Cougars are sometimes present, but not frequently seen.
 * El Norte Park is a small "green lung" park, off El Norte Parkway in northern Escondido. It features mature trees and a kids playground.

 * Kit Carson Park is a 285 acre municipal park featuring 3 ponds, multiple sports fields, playgrounds, a disc golf course, an arboretum, and Queen Califia's Magical Circle, the last major international work by French artist Niki de Saint Phalle. De Saint Phalle, a colleague of Salvador Dalí and Jasper Johns, is best known for her Stravinsky Fountain, located in Paris, France. The artist chose Escondido as the site for her final work because it reminded her of Italy.
 * Grape Day Park is located behind the Escondido City Hall and the performing arts complex. This park was named after the annual grape day harvest, an event held on the first Saturday after Labor Day from 1908 to 1950.
 * Jesmond Dene Park in North Escondido features 3 ball fields, a playground, and BBQs.
 * Dixon Lake supplies Escondido with fresh water and is a popular location for fishing, as fishing permits can be purchased at the store on site. Swimming is not allowed but rowboats, motorized boats, and pedal boats are available for rental. Dixon Lake has about 34 campsites which look out over the lake and/or over Escondido. There are several trails that follow the shoreline of Dixon Lake, as well as several fishing areas and floating docks on both sides of the lake. While entrance to the park is free, the city charges $5.00 on Saturdays and Sundays for taking a car into the park. However, ample free parking next to the trailheads of Daley Ranch is available outside the Dixon Lake gate.
 * Lake Wohlford is in the northeast corner of Escondido. The lake has some walking trails around the perimeter and allows fishing. In addition, the northern shore is home to the Lake Wohlford Cafe, founded in 1949 and prominently featuring locally caught catfish in its menus.
 * Mountain View
 * Rod McLeod Park is an 18 acre green space offering a tot lot, a paved trail, restrooms, benches, picnic tables, and BBQs.
 * Washington Park is an urban park located on the eastern side of central Escondido. It features lighted facilities for baseball, softball, tennis and basketball, a 25-yard swimming pool and water slide, and a smaller children's pool. The park's numerous mature trees create plenty of shady areas and tables are provided for picnics.
 * Westside
 * Frances Ryan Park is a 67 acre complex of soccer fields, supported by a concession stand and public restrooms. The park is adjacent to Valley High School in eastern Escondido at the corner of Valley Parkway and El Norte Parkway.  As of October 2010, the park features 7 soccer fields, 5 of which have lights for night time practice and play.  The park is named for a former teacher at Escondido High School.
 * Grove Park was so named to recognize the city's agricultural history. It was built about 2008 (approximate date). It is about 4.5 acre in size and is located in the Mission Park neighborhood.
 * Felicita County Park

San Diego Zoo Safari Park
The San Diego Zoo Safari Park (also known by its former name, "Wild Animal Park") is located near Escondido, in the San Pasqual Valley within the city limits of San Diego. It is the sister park to the San Diego Zoo. The Safari Park shows animals in open habitats.

Local
Escondido is governed by a council-manager system. The city council consists of a mayor and four City Council members. Along with the City Treasurer, they are elected at large to four-year terms. The current mayor is Dane White. Current City Council members are Consuelo Martinez, Jose M. Garcia, and Michael Morasco. The current City Manager is Sean McGlynn. The current City Treasurer is Douglas Shultz. The most recent election was held on November 8, 2022.

The city is particularly known for its positions on illegal immigration. Approximately half of the population is Hispanic, and then-council member Sam Abed estimated in 2006 that 35,000 people, or 25% of the city population, are undocumented. Since 2010 federal immigration officials have worked out of the Escondido police station in an unprecedented city-federal partnership. In 2006 the city council proposed and then abandoned an ordinance to punish landlords who rent to illegal immigrants. Due to a public outcry and legal challenges to that proposed housing ordinance, as well as the election of Diaz to the City Council, the council has ceased any overt measures against illegal immigrants. Council policies now focus on "quality of life" issues instead. Periodic police checkpoints are set up which randomly stop drivers to check drivers licenses, registration, and insurance. An overnight parking ordinance has been proposed that would limit the number of cars each household can legally park on city streets. The city is estimated to have lost as much as a quarter of its non-citizen population between 2006 and 2007; Latino activists attribute this to a perception of the city as hostile to immigrants.

The City of Escondido is a member of the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG).

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Escondido is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, parts of Escondido are in, while others are in.

Politics
In the United States presidential election of 2008, 53.3% of voters residing in incorporated Escondido voted for John McCain, 44.9% for Barack Obama, and 1.8% for a third-party candidate. Unincorporated areas were considerably more conservative: among voters in neighborhoods of Rincon Del Diablo, Hidden Meadows, and Valley Center, 62.3%, 65.5%, 66.9% of voters respectively cast their votes for McCain. A survey by The Bay Area Center for Voting Research found that among American cities with populations over 100,000, Escondido was the 11th most conservative city in the United States based on voting results in the 2004 presidential election.

Education
Escondido is served by the Escondido Union School District, the Escondido Union High School District, and the San Pasqual Union School District. These three public school districts serve the City of Escondido and the Unincorporated communities such as: Jesmond Dene, North Ridge, Hidden Meadows, Deer Springs, San Pasqual Valley, Del Dios, Elfin Forrest, East Canyon, Cloverdale, and Lake Wolford. The city has 19 elementary, seven middle, and seven high schools. Escondido Adult School was established in 1968 by the Escondido Union High School District. Escondido Adult School is a provider of adult education services in Escondido and its surrounding communities. Escondido Adult School offers adult education services for adults in the areas of: high school diploma, GED, HISET, adult basic education, ESL, parenting classes, community education courses, and career technical education courses. Escondido Adult School also offers a robust selection of short-term medical training courses such as: Certified Nurse Assistant, Certified Home Health Aide, Medical Assistant, Pharmacy Technician, Phlebotomy, Medical Billing and Coding, CPR/BLS training and certification, and Veterinary Assistant. Escondido Adult School is a member of the Education to Career Network of North San Diego County. ETCN is one of 71 consortiums in the State of California and is funded by the California Adult Education Program.

Public Post-Secondary schools: Escondido Adult School and Palomar College-Escondido Campus

Public high schools:
 * Escondido High School
 * Orange Glen High School
 * San Pasqual High School
 * Classical Academy High School
 * Escondido Charter High School
 * Valley High School
 * Del Lago Academy: Campus of Applied Science
 * Balboa School

Middle schools:

 * Classical Academy Middle School
 * Bear Valley Middle School
 * Del Dios Middle School
 * Heritage Junior High School
 * Hidden Valley Middle School
 * Mission Middle School
 * Rincon Middle School
 * Quantum Academy Middle School
 * Limitless Learning Academy

Elementary schools
 * Bernardo Elementary
 * Central Elementary
 * Classical Academy
 * Coastal Academy
 * Conway Elementary
 * Farr Avenue Elementary
 * Felicita Elementary
 * Glen View Elementary
 * Heritage Elementary
 * Juniper Elementary
 * L. R. Green Elementary
 * Lincoln Elementary
 * Miller Elementary
 * North Broadway Elementary
 * Oak Hill Elementary
 * Orange Glen Elementary
 * Pioneer Elementary
 * Reidy Creek Elementary
 * Rock Springs Elementary
 * Rose Elementary

There is a wide range of API scores for Escondido schools, reflecting the demographic diversity of the city. As of 2009, two elementary schools in the district scored above the 80th percentile of all schools in the state, and nine elementary schools scored below the 20th percentile.

The Escondido Public Library system consists of the Main Branch, the Pioneer Room, Computer Center, and a bookmobile.

Westminster Seminary California is located in Escondido. In 2013 John Paul the Great Catholic University relocated its main campus to Escondido.

Transportation
Two highways serve Escondido: Route 78 and Interstate 15. Route 78 enters from the west as a freeway from Oceanside, which ends at Broadway. The highway follows surface streets and leaves the city heading east into the San Pasqual Valley. I-15 continues from the city to Temecula in the north and San Diego in the south. The North County Transit District (NCTD) operates local bus service, with the Escondido Transit Center serving as a hub. The transit center has connections to both the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System and the Riverside Transit Agency. The Sprinter hybrid rail service, operated by NCTD, links the transit center to Oceanside using the existing 22 mi-long Escondido Branch trackage of the San Diego Northern Railroad. The rail line opened in 2008, making Escondido one of the first cities in the United States to operate Siemens Desiro class diesel multiple units manufactured in Germany. At the Oceanside Transit Center, the Sprinter connects to three commuter rail lines (the Coaster, Orange County and Inland Empire–Orange County lines) and is also served by Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner.

The California High Speed Rail Authority listed Escondido as a stop along the proposed high-speed rail system running from Southern to Northern California.

Utilities
San Diego Gas & Electric is the electric utility for the city. The City of Escondido Water Utilities serves most customers within the city while Rincon del Diablo Municipal Water District serves potable and recycled water to the greater Escondido valley and some portions of the incorporated city.

Health care
Palomar Medical Center is a hospital located in west Escondido near the I-15/78 interchange. It is the only designated trauma center in northern San Diego County. It opened in 2012, replacing a PMC facility that has stood in central Escondido since 1950. The original Palomar hospital, located east of downtown at the Valley Parkway/Grand Avenue junction, remained open and was rebranded Palomar Medical Center Downtown, serving as a standby/overflow medical center until 2021, when it was scheduled for demolition. The building was completely demolished in 2022.

Religion
Westminster Seminary California is located in Escondido.

The Meeting of the Lord Monastery is located at 14952 Stonebridge Road outside of Escondido. The monastery, in the care of V. Rev. Milan Vuković, is under the omophorion of Bishop Maksim Vasiljević of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

Ascension Lutheran Church is a Christian church of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Escondido.

Deer Park Monastery is a Buddhist sanctuary that occupies 400 acre in the hills north of Escondido and west of Daley Ranch. It is one of three monasteries in the United States under the direction of well-known Zen teacher Thich Nhat Hanh.

Notable people

 * Korey Lee: Major League Baseball Player. Catcher for the Chicago White Sox. Born in Escondido, California
 * Anacani: featured singer with the Lawrence Welk orchestra
 * Tom Anderson: co-founder of MySpace
 * Lester Bangs: rock music critic
 * Texas Rose Bascom: movie actress, "World's Greatest Female Trick Roper," National Cowgirl Hall of Fame inductee
 * Billy Bevan: silent and talkies movie actor, born Orange, New South Wales, Australia 1887; died Escondido, California 1957.
 * Ken Block: rally car driver, and founder of DC Shoes
 * Harold F. Blum: physiologist who first explored sunlight-induced skin cancer
 * Sam Brannan: California's first millionaire
 * E. H. Bronner: soapmaker
 * Ray Conniff: bandleader and arranger
 * Joe Coscarart, former Boston Braves infielder
 * Pete Coscarart: former Brooklyn Dodgers infielder
 * D. D. Crabb, rancher and Arizona State Senator
 * Gavvy Cravath: former right fielder for the Philadelphia Phillies
 * Richard Denning: actor, An Affair to Remember, Creature from the Black Lagoon; died in Escondido
 * Caitlin Glass: voice actress and ADR director
 * Robert Klark Graham: eugenicist and inventor, founder of the Repository for Germinal Choice ("Nobel Prize Sperm Bank")
 * Chapman Grant (1887–1983) herpetologist, historian
 * Steve Hendrickson: former Chargers football player
 * George Horine: held world record in the high jump; won an Olympic bronze medal
 * Randy Johnson: Major League infielder, special assistant to Oakland A's GM Billy Beane; graduate of Escondido High School
 * Jacque Jones: former baseball player for the Minnesota Twins
 * Jovan Kirovski: forward for the L.A. Galaxy MLS team
 * Elisabeth Kübler-Ross: founder and resident of the "Shanti Nilaya" (Home of Peace), retreat in Escondido in the late 1970s and early 1980s
 * Caleb Lieurance: philosopher from Westmont College; pianist, kazooist, and slide-whistle player
 * Jim Londos: professional wrestler
 * Shannon MacMillan: professional soccer player and graduate of San Pasqual High School
 * Anthony Menconi: marine engineer from California Maritime Academy
 * Haley Moore: amateur golfer
 * Deborah Jeane Palfrey: the so-called D.C. Madam
 * Robbie Peralta: MMA UFC fighter
 * Pamela Radcliff: historian and professor at the University of California at San Diego and an authority on the history of modern Spain.
 * Mark Redman: professional baseball player and graduate of Escondido High School
 * Steve Reeves: bodybuilder, Mr. Universe, and actor, Hercules; died in Escondido
 * Brett Salisbury: college football quarterback, member of Escondido's 1981 Little League World Series team, and younger brother of Sean Salisbury.
 * Sean Salisbury: former NFL quarterback and ESPN anchorman, and graduate of Orange Glen High School; older brother of Brett Salisbury
 * Brian Simnjanovski: punter for the Berlin Thunder, New York Jets, Arizona Cardinals, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers NFL teams
 * Riley Steele: pornographic actress
 * Randy Vasquez: actor
 * Hernán D. Vera: federal judge on the United States District Court for the Central District of California
 * Eric Weddle: free safety for the NFL San Diego Chargers; resides in Escondido
 * Royce Williams: ace Navy pilot during the Korean War
 * Harold Bell Wright: author in the 1920s and 1930s
 * Andrea Zittel: contemporary artist, graduate of San Pasqual High School
 * Kevin Kiner: film and television composer
 * Madison Cunningham: musician

title: Escondido, California


text:
New Jersey Route 54

Route 54 (known locally as 12th Street for much of its length) is a state highway located in Atlantic County in New Jersey, United States. It is considered to be a southern extension of U.S. Route 206 (US 206), running 11.86 mi from an intersection with US 206 and US 30 in Hammonton south to an intersection with US 40 in Buena Vista Township. The road passes through the center of Hammonton before running into rural areas. It intersects US 322 and Route 73 in Folsom and the Atlantic City Expressway in Hammonton.

What is now Route 54 was originally legislated on March 30, 1938, to run from US 30/US 206 in Hammonton south to Main Road in Landis Township (part of present-day Vineland). The only part taken over as a state highway and designated Route 54 was north of US 40 in Buena, the proposed route south of this point remained as county-maintained Wheat Road. In 1953, Route 54 was defined onto its current alignment. A freeway was proposed along the Route 54 corridor in the late 1960s to connect the southern terminus of US 206 in Hammonton to Route 55 in the Vineland/Millville area; it was eventually canceled.

Route description
Route 54 begins at an intersection with US 40/County Route 557 (CR 557) and CR 619 on the border of Buena and Buena Vista Township. Known as Buena Hammonton Road, it proceeds north-northeast as a two-lane undivided road through agricultural areas, forming the border between Buena to the west and Buena Vista Township to the east. After fully entering Buena Vista Township and becoming 12th Street, the road reaches an intersection with CR 690 and makes a turn more to the northeast. At this point, Route 54 enters forested areas, with a few breaks for residences. Upon entering Folsom, the route passes over the Beesleys Point Secondary railroad line operated by the Cape May Seashore Lines railroad before coming to a cloverleaf interchange with US 322 (Black Horse Pike). After this interchange, the road comes to a crossroads with Route 73, which is signed as CR 561 Spur. Following this intersection, Route 54 heads through a mix of woods and farm fields as it enters Hammonton and reaches a partial cloverleaf interchange with the Atlantic City Expressway. In the area of this interchange, the route is a four-lane divided highway.

Past the Atlantic City Expressway, the two-lane undivided road comes to an intersection with CR 559. From this point, Route 54 is lined with residences and businesses as it comes into downtown Hammonton. The road crosses NJ Transit’s Atlantic City Line at-grade immediately before a junction with CR 561. After CR 561, the route becomes Bellevue Avenue and encounters the western terminus of CR 542. As the road leaves the downtown area, the surroundings become more residential. Route 54 ends at an intersection with US 30 and US 206, where the road continues north as US 206.

History
By 1927, what is now Route 54 was an unnumbered, unpaved road connecting Buena to Hammonton. Route 54 was legislated on March 30, 1938, to run from US 30/Route 43 and US 206/Route 39 in Hammonton south along Lincoln Avenue to an intersection with Main Road in Landis Township, Cumberland County (now a part of Vineland). The only portion of Route 54 that was taken over as a state highway was north of the US 40/Route 48 intersection in Buena. The portion of Lincoln Avenue south of US 40 remained a county route called CR 25 in Cumberland County and CR 55 and CR 19 in Atlantic County. This road is presently both Cumberland and Atlantic CRs 655 and a part of Atlantic CR 619. In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 54 was defined onto its current alignment between US 40 in Buena Vista and US 30/US 206 in Hammonton. In the late 1960s, a freeway was proposed for the US 206/Route 54 corridor, running from US 30 in Hammonton south to Route 55 and the proposed Route 60 near Vineland and Millville. The freeway between Vineland/Millville and Hammonton was to cost $47 million and was intended to provide a better route between the two areas than the existing two-lane roads. This proposed freeway was never built due to environmental and financial issues.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: New Jersey Route 54


text:
Fairbanks Ranch, California

Fairbanks Ranch is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California. The population was 3,148 at the 2010 census, up from 2,244 at the 2000 census. The entire population is contained within two gated communities, divided into North and South sections by the formerly private San Dieguito Road.

The Fairbanks Ranch community borders Rancho Santa Fe to the northwest, the Rancho Santa Fe Farms gated community to the south and the Del Sur housing development of Black Mountain Ranch to the east. The San Dieguito River and Lusardi Creek with the Lusardi Creek County Preserve lie to the north.

Geography
Fairbanks Ranch is located at 32.99583°N, -117.18306°W (32.995786, -117.183106).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.1 sqmi. 5.1 sqmi of it is land and 0.09% is water.

2010
At the 2010 census Fairbanks Ranch had a population of 3,148. The population density was 619.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Fairbanks Ranch was 2,780 (88.3%) White, 24 (0.8%) African American, 7 (0.2%) Native American, 209 (6.6%) Asian, 4 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 34 (1.1%) from other races, and 90 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 224 people (7.1%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,099 households, 393 (35.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 891 (81.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 39 (3.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 28 (2.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 22 (2.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 111 households (10.1%) were one person and 53 (4.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.86. There were 958 families (87.2% of households); the average family size was 3.04.

The age distribution was 759 people (24.1%) under the age of 18, 204 people (6.5%) aged 18 to 24, 378 people (12.0%) aged 25 to 44, 1,250 people (39.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 557 people (17.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 49.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

There were 1,218 housing units at an average density of 239.8 per square mile, of the occupied units 1,030 (93.7%) were owner-occupied and 69 (6.3%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 2,945 people (93.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 203 people (6.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,244 people, 734 households, and 654 families in the CDP. The population density was 433.0 PD/sqmi. There were 798 housing units at an average density of 154.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.35% White, 0.18% African American, 0.27% Native American, 5.61% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.57%.

Of the 734 households 43.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 85.3% were married couples living together, 2.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.8% were non-families. 7.9% of households were one person and 2.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.20.

The age distribution was 29.2% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 18.9% from 25 to 44, 36.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.

The median household income was in excess of $200,000, as is the median family income. Males had a median income of over $100,000 versus $36,591 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $94,150. About 3.4% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents

 * Dinesh D'Souza, author
 * Douglas Fairbanks, actor, played "Zorro", and wife Mary Pickford, both founding members of United Artists
 * Trevor Hoffman, former Hall of Fame relief pitcher for the San Diego Padres
 * Joan Kroc, heiress to McDonald's fortune
 * Ted Leitner, radio talk show host and play-by-play announcer for the San Diego Padres
 * Mark Loretta, a former San Diego Padres player

title: Fairbanks Ranch, California


text:
Fallbrook, California

Fallbrook is a census-designated place in northern San Diego County, California. Fallbrook had a population of 32,267 at the 2020 census.

Fallbrook is immediately east of the U.S. Marine Corps' Camp Pendleton.

Fallbrook is known for its avocado groves and calls itself the "Avocado Capital of the World".

History
The community of Fallbrook was first settled by the Payomkawichum people, later called Luiseños by the Spanish missionaries who were present in the area in the late 1700s. Large village sites and oak groves were established by the Luiseños. One site in particular became the area known today as Live Oak County Park.

The first permanent recorded settlement was during the Mexican period in 1846, when Ysidro Alvarado was granted Rancho Monserate by then governor of Mexican California, Pio Pico, who was residing to the west of Fallbrook where Camp Pendleton is currently located. Alvarado and Pico were second-generation Californians and San Diegans and were citizens of Mexico and the United States.

Rancho Monserate, a 13,323-acre grant stretched from the San Luis Rey River and Bonsall to the south to Stagecoach Lane and the Palomares house to the North to Mission Road to the west to Monserate Mountain to the east.

Pio's nephew and local vaquero, Jose Maria Pico, had been residing in the area now known as the Fallbrook High School during the 1860 census and his family had registered to vote in October 1868, in time for the November presidential election, the first election after the Civil War ended.

The first known image of the area was an oil painting done by James Walker in 1870 called Roping the Bear at Santa Margarita Rancho, which depicts Mexican vaqueros capturing a grizzly bear.

Later, Canadian immigrant Vital Reche settled here with his family just north of Alvarado's ranch at the site now known as Live Oak Park. They named the new community Fall Brook after their former homestead in Pennsylvania.

Oak trees were the original primary trees in Fallbrook. Furthermore, olives became a major crop by the 1920s and continued through World War II, but were eventually phased out in favor of the present avocado and floral industry.

Prior to 1949, Fallbrook was served by U.S. Route 395 until it was rerouted out of Fallbrook and onto an alignment near present-day I-15, which lasted until 1969.

Incorporation votes occurred in 1981 and 1987, but both votes failed.

On October 21, 2007, wildfires broke out across San Diego county and other parts of Southern California. By October 23, the Rice Canyon Fire had crossed Interstate 15 and spread into the east area of Fallbrook along Reche Road, prompting a mandatory evacuation order for all residents. As of October 23, 206 homes, two commercial properties, and forty outbuildings had burned. These figures include over one hundred homes that burned in the Valley Oaks Mobile Home Park and Pala Mesa Village condos.

Geography
The Fallbrook Community Planning Area is approximately 44 sqmi. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 17.6 sqmi. 17.5 sqmi of it is land and 0.03 sqmi of it (0.19%) is water.

Native evergreen oak trees are common in the Fallbrook area, and in places form continuous woods (e.g. Live Oak Park area). Chaparral brushland is the other common vegetation type in the area. Avocados and Eucalyptus are the most common introduced tree species in the area.

Climate
Fallbrook has an average year-round temperature of 64 degrees. Due to the prevailing ocean breezes, the humidity is relatively low and constant.

The average daytime high in Fallbrook is 76 degrees, although in the summer, temperatures sometimes exceed 90 degrees. Most of the area is frost-free; during the coldest periods the average nighttime temperature is about 43 degrees. Due to its proximity to the ocean, days often start with early morning fog; afternoons can be breezy.

Annual rainfall is roughly 14 in and comes mostly between November and April. Rainfall is higher in the surrounding hills, up to 20 in. The area is ideal for avocados, strawberries, tomatoes and many other sub-tropical fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Fallbrook had a population of 30,534. The population density was 1,738.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Fallbrook was 20,454 (67.0%) White with 49.1% of the population being non-Hispanic whites, 489 (1.6%) African American, 233 (0.8%) Native American, 592 (1.9%) Asian, 71 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 7,372 (24.1%) from other races, and 1,323 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13,800 persons (45.2%).

The Census reported that 30,383 people (99.5% of the population) lived in households, 94 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 57 (0.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 9,999 households, out of which 3,929 (39.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 5,953 (59.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,140 (11.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 577 (5.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 528 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 45 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,782 households (17.8%) were made up of individuals, and 870 (8.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04. There were 7,670 families (76.7% of all households); the average family size was 3.40.

The age distribution indicated 8,045 people (26.3%) under the age of 18, 3,768 people (12.3%) aged 18 to 24, 7,022 people (23.0%) aged 25 to 44, 7,457 people (24.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,242 people (13.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.

There were 10,855 housing units at an average density of 618.1 /sqmi, of which 5,921 (59.2%) were owner-occupied, and 4,078 (40.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.5%. 17,274 people (56.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 13,109 people (42.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 29,100 people, 9,367 households, and 7,343 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,663.3 PD/sqmi. There were 9,612 housing units at an average density of 549.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 71.78% White, 1.43% African American, 0.90% Native American, 1.54% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander, 20.16% from other races, and 3.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37.30% of the population.

There were 9,367 households, out of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.3% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,778, and the median income for a family was $48,157. Males had a median income of $31,615 versus $27,116 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,152. About 10.7% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Government

In the California State Legislature, Fallbrook is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Fallbrook is in and in. Fallbrook has several Special Districts, including the Fallbrook Regional Health District, which are governed by elected members of the community.

Education

 * Fallbrook Union High School
 * Fallbrook Elementary School District
 * Bonsall Unified School District

Filming location
Part of the 1928 film The Mating Call was filmed in Fallbrook. The haunted house from the 2007 film Sarah Landon and the Paranormal Hour is in Fallbrook. In the 2015 film Thane of East County, one of the filming locations was an apartment building in Fallbrook.

Notable people
Fallbrook is a center for the arts with longtime residents fostering a creative atmosphere and newcomers bringing additional talents to the area. In the 1940s and 1950s it was the home of film director Frank Capra, who raised olives on his Red Mountain Ranch. He served on the Board of the local water district and produced a short subject film about a water rights controversy with the federal government titled "The Fallbrook Story." In the mid-2000s, Fallbrook gained popularity among Hollywood celebrities. Among those with primary or secondary residences in Fallbrook:

 * James Callahan, actor
 * Frank Capra, director
 * Richard Carpenter of The Carpenters
 * Rita Coolidge, singer
 * Michael Curtis, television writer and producer (Friends, JONAS)
 * Edward Faulkner
 * Rick Founds, Christian songwriter, best known for writing "Lord I Lift Your Name On High".
 * Tony Hawk (former resident)
 * Leo Howard, actor
 * Howard Keel, Fallbrook Union High School alumnus
 * Tom Metzger, white supremacist and former Ku Klux Klan leader (former resident)
 * Martin Milner (former resident)
 * Jason Mraz, musician
 * Dave Mustaine, musician (secondary residence)
 * T. Jefferson Parker
 * Shane Peterson (former resident)
 * Christie Repasy, floral artist
 * Mark Rogowski (former resident)
 * Tom Selleck, actor
 * Duke Snider
 * Elise Trouw, musician (former resident)
 * Dolores Costello, actress

title: Fallbrook, California


text:
Granite Hills, California

Granite Hills is a census-designated place in San Diego County, California. The name is also applied to a neighborhood within the city limits of El Cajon in the eastern part of that city. The population of the CDP, which does not include the people living within the city of El Cajon, was 3,035 at the 2010 census, down from 3,246 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the USGS, Granite Hills is located at 32.80306°N, -116.90472°W (32.8031070, -116.9047476), which is near intersection of Madison Avenue and Greenfield Drive. The part of Granite Hills within the city of El Cajon consists of a "gerrymandered" corridor, approximately 0.25 mi wide on the south side of Madison Avenue, roughly through the center of the neighborhood. The rest of the neighborhood is on unincorporated land. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Granite Hills CDP is located at 32.80417°N, -116.91056°W (32.804101, -116.910522). This is approximately 0.4 mi west-northwest of where the USGS places Granite Hills. The CDP comprises most of unincorporated El Cajon east of the San Bernardino Meridian, north of Dehesa Road and has a total area of 2.8 sqmi, all land. Mail sent to all parts of Granite Hills is addressed to El Cajon, California.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Granite Hills had a population of 3,035. The population density was 1,065.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Granite Hills was 2,617 (86.2%) White, 43 (1.4%) African American, 26 (0.9%) Native American, 45 (1.5%) Asian, 9 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 158 (5.2%) from other races, and 137 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 401 persons (13.2%).

The Census reported that 3,023 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 12 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,032 households, out of which 309 (29.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 674 (65.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 90 (8.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 62 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 41 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 4 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 150 households (14.5%) were made up of individuals, and 82 (7.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93. There were 826 families (80.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.19.

The population was spread out, with 538 people (17.7%) under the age of 18, 311 people (10.2%) aged 18 to 24, 578 people (19.0%) aged 25 to 44, 1,042 people (34.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 566 people (18.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.

There were 1,090 housing units at an average density of 382.6 /sqmi, of which 914 (88.6%) were owner-occupied, and 118 (11.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.0%. 2,688 people (88.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 335 people (11.0%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,246 people, 1,043 households, and 895 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,118.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,058 housing units at an average density of 364.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.59% White, 1.45% African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.99% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 2.99% from other races, and 2.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.27% of the population.

There were 1,043 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.1% were non-families. 11.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 29.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $73,269, and the median income for a family was $75,359. Males had a median income of $46,463 versus $35,521 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $29,153. None of the families and 2.2% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 2.0% of those over 64.

Annexation attempt
In 2006, El Cajon attempted to annex a small portion of unincorporated land that is part of the Granite Hills CDP (census block 3006) to allow The Home Depot to build a store there. Protests from the residents of the El Cajon neighborhood surrounding the unincorporated land fell on deaf ears and the annexation was approved by the city council, only to be rejected by the San Diego Local Agency Formation Commission.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Granite Hills is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Granite Hills is in.

title: Granite Hills, California


text:
Harbison Canyon, California

Harbison Canyon is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California. Harbison Canyon had a population of 4,048 as of the 2020 census, up from 3,841 as of the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Harbison Canyon is located at 32.82028°N, -116.83°W (32.8203296, -116.8300236), which is near the intersection of Harbison Canyon Road and Frances Drive. This is where most maps place the community. It is located in a canyon between Crest and Alpine. Mail sent to Harbison Canyon is addressed to El Cajon.

According to the United States Census Bureau Harbison Canyon is located at 32.82111°N, -116.84°W (32.821101, -116.840051). This is approximately 3,100 feet west of the USGS location in undeveloped hills west of the community.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Harbison Canyon census-designated place (CDP) has a total area of 10.1 sqmi, all land.

2010
At the 2010 census Harbison Canyon had a population of 3,841. The population density was 381.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Harbison Canyon was 3,404 (88.6%) White, 12 (0.3%) African American, 74 (1.9%) Native American, 71 (1.8%) Asian, 6 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 145 (3.8%) from other races, and 129 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 623 people (16.2%).

The census reported that 3,838 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 3 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,343 households, 462 (34.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 804 (59.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 154 (11.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 76 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 73 (5.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 14 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 221 households (16.5%) were one person and 70 (5.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.86. There were 1,034 families (77.0% of households); the average family size was 3.19.

The age distribution was 857 people (22.3%) under the age of 18, 354 people (9.2%) aged 18 to 24, 851 people (22.2%) aged 25 to 44, 1,363 people (35.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 416 people (10.8%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 42.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.

There were 1,413 housing units at an average density of 140.5 per square mile, of the occupied units 1,160 (86.4%) were owner-occupied and 183 (13.6%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.6%. 3,277 people (85.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 561 people (14.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 3,645 people, 1,274 households, and 983 families in the CDP. The population density was 362.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,311 housing units at an average density of 130.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.67% White, 0.47% African American, 1.78% Native American, 1.15% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 2.22% from other races, and 3.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.70%.

Of the 1,274 households 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.8% were non-families. 16.9% of households were one person and 4.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.22.

The age distribution was 27.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males.

The median household income was $56,975 and the median family income was $60,913. Males had a median income of $41,058 versus $31,371 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,914. About 5.1% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

John Stewart Harbison
John Stewart Harbison was born the third child of William and Margaret (Curry) Harbison, on a farm near Freedom, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, on September 29, 1826. He became a beekeeper in the tradition of his father, and later migrated to the west coast of the United States. After spending some years in other California locations, he eventually arrived in San Diego aboard the ship Orizaba with one hundred and ten colonies of bees on November 28, 1869. In the spring of 1874 he moved with his wife and daughter to a homestead near the Sweetwater River twenty-three miles east of San Diego in a small valley now known as Harbison Canyon. Within seven years time, he was the largest producer of honey in the world, operating two thousand to three thousand hives. At that time, having several hundred hives was considered a large operation.

His success in capitalizing on the vast honey potential of San Diego County, along with his extensive campaign of selling bees to the residents of the county was the major force in making San Diego County the greatest honey-producing county in the State of California by 1874, which in turn made California the leading honey producing state of the Union. John Harbison was a major contributor to the theory of bee culture with his development of new tools and methods that characterized the remarkable advances made in nineteenth century apicultural science. Harbison and his brother William were both important 19th century American authors on bee keeping science. Furthermore, he opened up the great retail markets east of the Mississippi River needed to absorb the tremendous honey crops produced in California. Harbison, known as the "King of the Beekeepers" died on October 12, 1912, in San Diego at the age of eighty-six.

Fires
Harbison Canyon was twice devastated by wildfires, first by the Laguna Fire in 1970 then again by the Cedar Fire on October 26, 2003, the worst firestorm in California history. The town lost 370 homes out of 420 in the community. Homes were still being rebuilt as recently as 2007. The community was bestowed considerable attention by the news media, which led to a visit within weeks by Governor Gray Davis, Governor-elect Arnold Schwarzenegger, his wife Maria (Kennedy-Schriver) Schwarzenegger and President George W Bush. The president arrived by helicopter which landed on the grounds of the Shadow Hills Elementary School. The community received help in rebuilding from many organizations, most notably from the New York Says Thank You Foundation which was created in response to the tremendous support given to New Yorkers from people all over the United States after the September 11 attacks. Since 2003, the Harbison Canyon Lions Club has participated in numerous post-disaster rebuilding projects around the U.S. sponsored by the NYSTY Foundation.

Attractions
Harbison Canyon, apart from its unfortunate encounters with wildfires, is best known amongst locals for Old Ironsides County Park, a 3.6-acre, shaded grove of trees maintained by the San Diego County Parks and Recreation Department. The park is located at 326 Harbison Canyon Road, El Cajon, CA 92020. Park hours are sunrise to sunset. The park has a playground, basketball court, picnic tables (some covered), restrooms, and a municipal hall for different community and civic groups to meet.

Ancient Kumeyaay relics have occasionally been found near the stream that runs through the park and canyon.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Harbison Canyon is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Harbison Canyon is in.

title: Harbison Canyon, California


text:
Hidden Meadows, California

Hidden Meadows is a census-designated place (CDP) near Escondido in San Diego County, California. The population was 3,485 at the 2010 census, up from 3,463 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Hidden Meadows is located at 33.22944°N, -117.12472°W (33.229571, -117.124754). According to the United States Census Bureau, the Hidden Meadows census-designated place (CDP) has a total area of 6.6 sqmi, all land.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Hidden Meadows had a population of 3,485. The population density was 529.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Hidden Meadows was 2,865 (82.2%) White, 66 (1.9%) African American, 11 (0.3%) Native American, 318 (9.1%) Asian, 6 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 93 (2.7%) from other races, and 126 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 329 persons (9.4%).

The Census reported that 3,470 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 15 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,397 households, out of which 279 (20.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 983 (70.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 49 (3.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 49 (3.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 53 (3.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 15 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 249 households (17.8%) were made up of individuals, and 129 (9.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48. There were 1,081 families (77.4% of all households); the average family size was 2.78.

The population was spread out, with 523 people (15.0%) under the age of 18, 209 people (6.0%) aged 18 to 24, 565 people (16.2%) aged 25 to 44, 1,312 people (37.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 876 people (25.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

There were 1,586 housing units at an average density of 240.9 /sqmi, of which 1,234 (88.3%) were owner-occupied, and 163 (11.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%. 3,067 people (88.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 403 people (11.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,463 people, 1,549 households, and 1,149 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 409.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,649 housing units at an average density of 195.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.59% White, 0.90% African American, 0.35% Native American, 1.70% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 1.18% from other races, and 2.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.86% of the population.

There were 1,549 households, out of which 13.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 2.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.55.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 12.5% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 15.1% from 25 to 44, 33.7% from 45 to 64, and 35.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $57,545, and the median income for a family was $72,878. Males had a median income of $50,341 versus $32,188 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $33,274. About 0.6% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 0.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Hidden Meadows is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Hidden Meadows is in.

title: Hidden Meadows, California


text:
Imperial Beach, California

Imperial Beach is a residential beach city in San Diego County, California with a population of 26,137 at the 2020 United States census. It is in the South Bay area of San Diego County, 14.1 mi south of downtown San Diego and 5 mi northwest of downtown Tijuana, Mexico. Imperial Beach is the southernmost city in California and the West Coast of the United States.

History
Imperial Beach sits on the traditional territory of the Kumeyaay people, who had established the village of Alyshuwii. Founded in June 1887, the city takes its name from Imperial County, California, a desert climate 100. mi east. Farmers and land owners from the Imperial Valley came to the area in the late 1880s seeking cooler weather during summer months. In March 1887, over 2,000 laborers descended upon nearby Coronado, California to construct the Hotel del Coronado, the largest resort in the world at the time. A large number of the workers stayed in Imperial Beach and some would later make it their permanent homestead. The city would incorporate in 1956, operating its own Mayor-council government providing city fire department service and policing by the formation of its own police department but eventually, years later, through the contracting of services through the San Diego County Sheriff's Office.

Imperial Beach has undergone a makeover to become more visitor-friendly and commercially viable. In 2004, the city began implementing a community redevelopment plan to improve the commercial corridor along Palm Avenue and Seacoast Drive. Aside from a few smaller hotels, Imperial Beach remains a highly residential city with little hotel or motel accommodation for visitors. On September, 13, 2010, after many years of planning, demolition officially began on the old Seacoast Inn located off Seacoast Drive. Construction of a $22 million hotel called Pier South Resort was completed in the former Seacoast Inn's place in December 2013, with the new facility offering 78-rooms across four stories plus a restaurant, bar, spa and conference facilities.

Geography
Imperial Beach is the most southwesterly located city in the continental United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.5 sqmi. 4.2 sqmi of it is land and 0.3 sqmi of it (7.22%) is water. The city occupies the extreme southwest corner of the continental United States: bordered by Playas de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico to the south, Coronado, California and the San Diego Bay to the north, San Diego to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

Imperial Beach is located in San Diego County, the fifth most-populous county in the United States and part of the San Diego Metropolitan Area, the 17th largest metropolitan area in the United States with over 3 million people. It is also part of the San Diego – Tijuana metropolitan area, the largest bi-national metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico with over 5 million people.

Climate
The city has a warm semi-arid climate (BSh), with summer temperatures often in the upper 70s °F (mid-20s °C) and winter temperatures in the 60s °F (15 to 20 °C). Because of the comfortable year-round temperatures, many homes in Imperial Beach are built without air conditioning. Imperial Beach often remains 10 degrees °F (5 degrees °C) cooler than inland areas of San Diego County in the summer, and 10 degrees warmer in the winter. The city is mostly or partly sunny 323 days of the year, with the wettest months in winter. The Farmers' Almanac consistently ranks the area within the Top 10 Best Weather Cities in America. The Scripps Institution of Oceanography operates a weather reporting station at the middle of the Imperial Beach Pier for sky condition, temperature, humidity, pressure, wind and water temperature data.

2010 census
The 2010 United States Census reported that Imperial Beach had a population of 26,324. The population density was 5,869.5 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 62.6% White (36.0% non-Hispanic White), 4.4% African American, 1.1% Native American, 6.6% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 18.1% of other races, and 6.6% of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race made up 49.0% of the population.

The Census reported that 25,705 people (97.6% of the population) lived in households, 619 (2.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

In the city, there were 6,696 people (25.4%) under the age of 18, 3,640 people (13.8%) aged 18 to 24, 7,603 people (28.9%) aged 25 to 44, 6,012 people (22.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,373 people (9.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. Imperial Beach has one of the youngest median ages of any Southern California city with a median age of 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males.

There were 9,882 housing units at an average density of 2,203.4 /mi2, of which 2,756 (30.2%) were owner-occupied, and 6,356 (69.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%. 7,476 people (28.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 18,229 people (69.2%) lived in rental housing units.

According to estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments, the median household income of Imperial Beach in 2010 was $49,104 (not adjusted for inflation).

Coastal and beach areas
Imperial Beach includes nearly four miles (6 km) of beaches and employs a year-round lifeguard staff. Beach volleyball, surfing and body boarding are popular in Imperial Beach with activities concentrated north and south of the Imperial Beach Pier and the Boca Rio beach break, one of San Diego County's best surf spots. San Diego Magazine identifies the Boca Rio beach break as the second best surfing location in the county, second only to Black's Beach and the Scripps Canyon area near La Jolla. The area around Imperial Beach Pier known as Pier Plaza showcases plaques placed on surfboard benches that tell the story of how the city's big waves influenced surfing from 1937 to the 1950s. Nearby Border Field State Park signifies the southernmost beach on the west coast of the United States and allows beachgoers in America to speak through the fence with beachgoers in Mexico, where the beach is called Playas de Tijuana (Tijuana Beach). The city connects to nearby Coronado, California by way of the Silver Strand, a narrow, 7-mile-long (11 km) isthmus. Silver Strand State Beach, a popular beach for camping, bird watching, and bicycling, is located in the middle of the isthmus and includes both bay and ocean beaches.

The San Diego County summer tourist season brings many visitors to the city's beaches each year. For 31 years, Imperial Beach played home to the U.S. Open Sandcastle competition, the largest sand castle competition in the United States, drawing in approximately 325,000 people. The city held the final sand castle competition in August 2011, bringing an end to the annual event and tradition. The city also holds the beach front classic car show every summer and an annual dog-surfing contest. The South Bay Drive-in, one of the few remaining drive-in movie theaters in San Diego County, is located just outside Imperial Beach off Coronado Avenue.

Imperial Beach is home to Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, a National Estuarine Research Reserve, and Border Field State Park. The estuary, located off Seacoast Drive and Imperial Beach Boulevard, is home to many endangered birds and wildlife. This estuary marks the place where the fresh water Tijuana River enters the salt water Pacific Ocean. It is the largest salt water marsh in Southern California.

Military presence
Imperial Beach has a large military population and is home to the US Navy's Naval Outlying Landing Field Imperial Beach also known as NOLF Imperial Beach. It is bordered on its northern extreme by Silver Strand Training Complex.

Crime
The San Diego County Sheriff's Department 2008 crime statistics rank Imperial Beach below the national average in all areas reported.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Imperial Beach is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Imperial Beach is in.

Transportation
San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) provides bus and paratransit services to the city from throughout San Diego County.

The city is one of five Port member cities making up the Port of San Diego, one of America's top 30 U.S. container ship ports.

In popular culture
Kem Nunn's novel, Tijuana Straits, provides insight into the culture of the border and surfing in Imperial Beach and the Tijuana River Valley, and the environmental problems that affect residents of Tijuana, Imperial Beach and Coronado.

Portions of the 2005 film Lords of Dogtown were shot in Imperial Beach, including use of the Imperial Beach Pier in exterior establishing shots.

The HBO television series John from Cincinnati was about a dysfunctional surfing family in Imperial Beach set against the backdrop of the U.S.-Mexico border. The series (from Executive Producer David Milch, writer Kem Nunn, and director Mark Tinker) was filmed at a variety of locations in Imperial Beach and in the Tijuana River Valley.

On February 21, 2019, Vice News Tonight on HBO broadcast a segment from Imperial Beach about how an extreme tidal surge, known as king tide, affects the local population living along the Pacific coast.

Notable people

 * California Congressman Brian Bilbray grew up in Imperial Beach. Bilbray graduated from Mar Vista High School in 1970.
 * Aaron Chang, award-winning American photographer specializing in surfing and ocean photography for Surfing Magazine
 * Serge Dedina is the director of environmental organization Wildcoast. He was the mayor of Imperial Beach.
 * Allen "Dempsey" Holder, was a pioneering surfer in the San Diego, California South County area. He is noted for riding the large surf of the Tijuana Sloughs and he headed up the Imperial Beach lifeguard services for many years. The local public safety/lifeguard facility is named in his honor.
 * Software entrepreneur Charlie Jackson grew up in Imperial Beach and graduated Mar Vista High in 1967.
 * Actor and screenwriter Jordan Jacobo lives in Imperial Beach.
 * Eleanor Mariano, retired USN Rear Admiral and physician to the President of the United States at the White House for 9 years.
 * Marco Minnemann, drummer
 * Film actor Matthew Modine attended high school in Imperial Beach.
 * Travis Ryan, vocalist of Deathgrind band Cattle Decapitation and Grindcore band Murder Construct.
 * Kevin Smith, character actor was born in Imperial Beach.

title: Imperial Beach, California


text:
Jamul, California

Jamul (Kumeyaay: Ha-mul, meaning "sweet water") is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California, United States. Jamul had a population of 6,163 at the 2010 census.

Jamul suffered from the Valley Fire, one of the 2020 California wildfires.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau Jamul is located at 32.72656°N, -116.88234°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Jamul census-designated place (CDP) has a total area of 16.8 sqmi, of which 16.6 sqmi  is land and 0.3 sqmi  (1.49%) is water.

2010
At the 2010 census Jamul had a population of 6,163. The population density was 366.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Jamul was 5,300 (86.0%) White, 127 (2.1%) African American, 28 (0.5%) Native American, 146 (2.4%) Asian, 10 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 294 (4.8%) from other races, and 258 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,188 persons (19.3%).

The census reported that 6,105 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 18 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 40 (0.6%) were institutionalized.

There were 1,906 households, 727 (38.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,409 (73.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 136 (7.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 101 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 68 (3.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 28 (1.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 187 households (9.8%) were one person and 84 (4.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.20. There were 1,646 families (86.4% of households); the average family size was 3.38.

The age distribution was 1,396 people (22.7%) under the age of 18, 585 people (9.5%) aged 18 to 24, 1,161 people (18.8%) aged 25 to 44, 2,198 people (35.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 823 people (13.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 44.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

There were 1,974 housing units at an average density of 117.3 per square mile, of the occupied units 1,692 (88.8%) were owner-occupied and 214 (11.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.7%. 5,404 people (87.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 701 people (11.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 5,920 people, 1,762 households, and 1,541 families in the CDP. The population density was 359.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,789 housing units at an average density of 108.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.37% White, 2.13% African American, 0.39% Native American, 3.07% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 3.63% from other races, and 4.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.77%.

Of the 1,762 households 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.7% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.5% were non-families. 8.5% of households were one person and 3.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.30 and the average family size was 3.48.

The age distribution was 29.7% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.

The median household income was $87,309 and the median family income was $89,550. Males had a median income of $60,808 versus $40,568 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,450. About 5.0% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

Casino Controversy
In 1999, the Tipai Band of Kumeyaay Indians, with 64 members living on 6 acre of sovereign land in the Jamul area designated the Jamul Indian Village, announced their intent to develop a new hotel and casino.

There was some opposition. The chief concern was the increased traffic on the main road through the town, Highway 94. The location was such that all the traffic to and from the proposed casino would likely pass through the middle of the town.

In spite of the opposition, the tribe went ahead with the casino. Penn National Gaming became the developer, lender and manager of a $400 million Hollywood Casino in collaboration with the Jamul Indian Village. Hollywood Casino Jamul-San Diego opened on October 10, 2016. The casino included a three-story gaming and entertainment facility of approximately 200,000 square feet, featuring over 1,700 slot machines, 40 live table games, multiple restaurants, bars and lounges and an enclosed below-grade parking structure with approximately 1,800 spaces.

Politics
In the California State Senate, Jamul is located in California's 40th State Senate district, represented by Democrat Ben Hueso of San Diego. In the California State Assembly, Jamul is in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Jamul is in.

title: Jamul, California