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Livingston, Montana

Livingston, occasionally referred to as L-Town by locals, is a city and county seat of Park County, Montana, United States. It is in southwestern Montana, on the Yellowstone River, north of Yellowstone National Park. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,040.

History
The founding of the small historical railroad and ranching town of Livingston is a direct result of the Northern Pacific Railway (NPR). This site became a centralized point in the Rockies and the NPR's location for railroad shops to service their steam trains before ascending the Bozeman Pass, the line's highest point, located immediately west. Livingston also became the first gateway town to America's first national park, Yellowstone, which the NPR promoted heavily to visitors from the East. The NPR also operated a branch line running 50 miles south through Paradise Valley, first to Cinnabar station and later to Yellowstone's north entrance in Gardiner.

Clark City
Downstream the Yellowstone River, about 3 miles from present-day Livingston, an old fisherman named Amos Benson built a log cabin in 1872. This is where a ferry, a trading post and a small community called Benson's Landing were located. Across the river from Benson's Landing in June 1882 was the camp of about 40 tents of the Northern Pacific survey crew. This is where they thought the supply store site they were looking for should be. On July 14, 1882, a man who worked for the Northern Pacific named Joseph J. McBride arrived with orders to find another site to build the store. On July 16, George H. Carver, who became a major local businessman and political leader, arrived at the site of present-day Livingston. Carver and McBride became the first local residents when they pitched their tents on the 16th. Also on the 16th arrived 30 freight wagons drawn by 140 oxen, carrying 140,000 lbs. of merchandise. The supply store was to be of Bruns and Kruntz, contractors. Eventually, the tents gave way to log cabins. All of Benson's Landing encampment moved up the river to Carver and McBride's camp within 10 days of the train's arrival.

This new settlement was called "Clark City" after Heman Clark, the principal contractor for the Northern Pacific from the Missouri westward. By fall, the town was well established and a November 1882 poll counted 348 votes for delegates to congress. Clark City was on the southeast side at the East end of Lewis St. just southwest of the KPRK, and is now part of Livingston. B.F. Downen built the first permanent residence (out of wood) and Frank White owned the first saloon. Clark City eventually had 6 general stores, 2 hotels, 2 restaurants, 2 watchmakers, 2 wholesale liquor dealers, 2 meat markets, 3 blacksmiths, 1 hardware store, 30 saloons and a population of 500.

As Clark City was growing, nobody realized that the Northern Pacific had marked on its maps a town called Livingston at the same place. The railroad officially reached Clark City on November 22, 1882. In October 1882 a post office was chartered for Clark City. In November, Livingston received its charter. That was when it was decided that Livingston be located a short distance away. Then Clark City residents bought lots in Livingston and moved. The birth of Livingston was the death of Clark City. The walking distance between them was considerable and Clark City became stream-and-bog urban wildland. Very few buildings still remain.

Incorporation
On December 21, 1882, Livingston was incorporated and named in honor of Johnston Livingston, pioneer Northern Pacific Railway stockholder, director and friend of Northern Pacific Railroad President Henry Villard. Johnston Livingston was director from 1875 to 1881 and 1884–1887. Crawford Livingston Jr., Johnston's nephew, is more commonly considered the town's namesake. Crawford bought the real estate after the survey and on July 17, 1883, established the First National Bank in the city. Often he spoke of Livingston as "his town," and he apparently enjoyed the publicity of supposedly having a city named for him. But the name Livingston has always stood out in the Northern Pacific official family.

Livingston is along the Yellowstone River, where it bends from north to east toward Billings and in proximity to Interstate 90. In July 1806 Captain William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition camped on the city's present outskirts on the return trip east preparing to descend the Yellowstone River. Clark's party rejoined the Lewis party at the confluence with the Missouri River, near Williston, North Dakota.

Attractions
Although small, Livingston has a number of popular tourist attractions. The Livingston Depot, built in 1902 after two predecessors, is a restored rail station that houses a railroad museum open from May to September. The Yellowstone Gateway Museum documents regional history from one of the oldest North American archaeological sites to Wild Western and Yellowstone history. The International Fly Fishing Federation's museum is an extensive introduction to a popular game sport and hosts annual enthusiast meetings. The city was inhabited for two decades by Calamity Jane and visited by a number of traveling members of European royalty.

In 1938, Dan Bailey, an eastern fly-fisherman, established Dan Bailey's Fly Shop and mail order fly tying business on Park Street. Also in Livingston is the Fly Fishing Discovery Center, a museum operated by the Federation of Fly Fishers. Actors Peter Fonda and Margot Kidder, Saturday Night Live alumnus Rich Hall, musician Ron Strykert, novelist Walter Kirn, and poet Jim Harrison have lived in the city. Jimmy Buffett mentions Livingston in multiple songs.

Its economy is flat, and like the rest of the state, the unemployment rate is below the national average. Almost 50% of its workforce commutes to Bozeman, as well as the destination resort Chico Hot Springs 25 miles south, and various campsites and ranches in Paradise Valley. Recently the city has invested in attractions and accommodation for tourists visiting during the Lewis and Clark bicentennial years.

Livingston and its immediately adjacent area has 17 sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places, enumerated within Park County's NRHP listings.

It has a sister-city relationship with Naganohara, Japan.

Geography
Livingston is located at 45.65889°N, -110.56361°W (45.658840, -110.563718), at an elevation of 4,501 feet (1372 m).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.03 sqmi, of which 6.02 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Livingston has a warm-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Livingston has some of the warmest winters in the state, but the temperature can feel cold because Livingston is also one of the windiest places in the United States, having the 2nd highest average wind speed among airport/AMOS stations from 2000 to 2010, after Guadalupe Pass, a highway station near Pine Springs, Texas.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,044 people, 3,356 households, and 1,744 families living in the city. The population density was 1170.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,779 housing units at an average density of 627.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.2% White, 0.1% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 3,356 households, of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.0% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 41.1 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.3% were from 25 to 44; 28.9% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 6,851 people, 3,084 households and 1,751 families living in the city. The population density was 2,601.3 PD/sqmi. There were 3,360 housing units at an average density of 1,275.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.39% White, 0.31% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.16% of the population.

There were 3,084 households, of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.86.

Age distribution was 22.7% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median household income was $28,980, and the median family income was $40,505. Males had a median income of $26,619 versus $18,684 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,636. About 5.6% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Historically a railroad city until the mid-1980s, the city today depends significantly on tourism. The Federation of Fly Fishers is based in Livingston.

According to Livingston's Fiscal Year 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top private employers in Park County (the city's website refers to approximately a hundred public employees) are:

Education
Livingston Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Park High School's team name is the Rangers.

Livingston has a public library, the Livingston-Park County Public Library.

Infrastructure
Mission Field is a public use airport located five miles east of town.

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines.

Newspapers
Livingston Enterprise is a local daily newspaper. The monthly Montana Pioneer and bimonthly Atlantis Rising are also Livingston-based.

AM radio

 * KBOZ 1090, (Talk/personality), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KOBB 1230, (Sports talk), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KPRK AM 1340, (Talk), GapWest Broadcasting
 * KMMS 1450, ( News/talk), GapWest Broadcasting

FM radio

 * KLEU 91.1, (Christian music/talk programming), Hi-Line Radio Fellowship
 * KGLT 91.9, (Variety), Montana State University-Bozeman
 * KOBB-FM 93.7, (Oldies), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KMMS-FM 94.7, (Adult album), GapWest Broadcasting
 * KISN 96.7, (Top 40 (CHR)), GapWest Broadcasting
 * KOZB 97.5, (Classic rock), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KBOZ-FM 99.9, (Country music), Reier Broadcasting Company
 * KXLB 100.7, (Country music), GapWest Broadcasting
 * KBMC (FM) 102.1, (Variety), Montana State University-Billings
 * KZMY 103.5, (Hot adult contemporary), GapWest Broadcasting
 * KBZM 104.7, (Classic hits), Orion Media
 * KSCY 106.9, (Country music), Orion Media

Bozeman Market

 * KTVM 6 NBC, Bonten Media Group
 * KBZK 7 CBS, Evening Post Publishing Company
 * KUSM 9 PBS, Montana State University

Billings Market

 * KULR 8 NBC, Cowles Montana Media
 * KTVQ-TV 2 CBS, Evening Post Publishing Company

Filmography
The city of Livingston has been a staging area or location for a number of films, including:

 * Rancho Deluxe, 1975
 * Amazing Grace and Chuck, 1987
 * A River Runs Through It, 1992
 * The Horse Whisperer, 1998
 * Cowboys vs. Dinosaurs, 2015
 * Certain Women, 2016
 * Walking Out, 2017
 * Wildlife (film), 2018

Set in Livingston

 * Yellowstone (American TV series), 2018 continuing

Notable people

 * Dan Bailey, renowned fly tyer and owner of Dan Bailey's Fly Shop
 * Arthur Blank, owner of Paradise Valley Pop Stand and Grill and Mountain Sky Guest Ranch
 * Ed Bouchee, major league baseball first baseman
 * Tom Brokaw, television journalist
 * Tim Cahill, travel writer
 * Calamity Jane, cavalry scout, western heroine
 * Russell Chatham, landscape artist
 * Michael Dahlquist, drummer for the band Silkworm
 * Al Feldstein, comic artist and painter
 * Mayhew Foster, World War II pilot who transported Hermann Göring
 * Chad Franscoviak, sound engineer
 * Cassidy Freeman, actress
 * Eduardo Garcia, chef and businessman
 * Charles Garnier Sr., Founder, Garnier Cigar Company Est. 1886, 6-term mayor of Livingston elected 1901
 * Thomas Goltz, journalist and author
 * Rich Hall, comedian, writer and musician
 * Jim Harrison, poet and author (Legends of the Fall)
 * Torey Hayden, psychologist and author
 * William Hjortsberg, author & screenwriter (Falling Angel, Legend (1985 film)
 * Margot Kidder, actress
 * Walter Kirn, novelist
 * Thomas Leforge, mid-19th century liaison to and resident among the Crow Tribe
 * Pete Lovely, race car driver
 * John Mayer, musician
 * Thomas McGuane, writer, novelist, film director, screenwriter
 * P.W. Nelson, lawman, town marshal, first police chief of Livingston
 * Ken Niles, radio announcer and actor (Out of the Past)
 * Wendell Niles, radio announcer, actor
 * James F. O'Connor, United States Representative from Montana
 * Christopher Paolini, author of The Inheritance Cycle
 * Doug Peacock, author, grizzly bear expert.
 * Sam Peckinpah, film director; resided at the Murray Hotel from 1979 to 1984
 * Lester Thurow, economist, author and Rhodes Scholar
 * Madeline Rubicam, podcaster (Evolution of a Snake) and pop culture commentator

title: Livingston, Montana


text:
Robert Zimmerman

Robert Zimmerman may refer to:

 * Robert Allen Zimmerman, birth name of Bob Dylan (born 1941), American singer-songwriter
 * Robert C. Zimmerman (1910–1996), Wisconsin Secretary of State
 * Robert D. Zimmerman (born 1952), author
 * Robert Zimmerman (swimmer) (1881–1980), Canadian swimmer
 * Robert Zimmerman, brother of George Zimmerman
 * Robert Zimmerman, Democratic nominee in the 2022 New York 3rd congressional district election

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robert Zimmerman


text:
One Nation Under a Groove

One Nation Under a Groove is the tenth studio album by American funk rock band Funkadelic, released on September 22, 1978, on Warner Bros. Records. Recording sessions took place at United Sound Studio in Detroit, with one song recorded live on April 15, 1978, at the Monroe Civic Center in Monroe, Louisiana. The album was the first album to include keyboardist and frequent songwriter Walter "Junie" Morrison.

One Nation Under a Groove was Funkadelic's most commercially successful album, reaching number 1 on the Billboard Magazine Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, number 16 on the Billboard 200, and being certified platinum in the US. It reached number 58 in Canada. It was praised by critics, and appears in several "best album" lists. It was featured on Vibe magazine's 100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century and 51 Essential Albums lists. The album was ranked number 177 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time in both 2003 and 2012 editions, before moving to number 360 in the 2020 edition. The album is listed as one of the 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Music
According to the academic Bill Martin, One Nation Under a Groove is indebted "a good deal more to progressive rock than most critics are willing to admit, as well as progressive soul, Hendrix, and Sly Stone".

Original LP track listing
In the US, the original album came with a bonus 7-inch EP. In Europe, the Bonus-EP was replaced by a bonus 12-inch 45rpm mini-album containing the 3 EP tracks on one side and an extended version of "One Nation Under a Groove" on the other.

US Priority CD track listing
(note that the UK Charly Groove presents side one of the EP (Lunchmeat/PE) as tracks 7 & 8 and side two (Maggot Brain) as track 9.

Personnel
Funkadelic Main Invasion Force (as given in the liner notes):
 * Throbbasonic Funkgeetarists:
 * Mike 'Kidd Funkadelic' Hampton, Gary Shider
 * Banjo'd Muthaplucker:
 * Bobby Lewis
 * Avatarian
 * Mike Hampton
 * Keybo' Dans & Synthezoidees:
 * Bernie 'DaVinci' Worrell, Walter 'Junie' Morrison
 * Rotofunkie Drum & Percussionatin' Thumpdans:
 * Jerome Brailey, W. Bootsy Collins, Larry Fratangelo, Tyrone Lampkin
 * Bass Thumpasaurians:
 * William 'Bootsy' Collins, Rodney "Skeet" Curtis, Cordell 'Boogie' Mosson
 * Funkadelic Blamgusta Vocaloids (Voices For Da Nation!):
 * George Clinton, Raymond (Stingray) Davis, Ron Ford, Mallia Franklin, Lynn Mabry, W. 'Junie' Morrison, Cordell Mosson, Dawn Silva, Gary "Dowop" Shider, Greg Thomas, Jeanette Washington, Debbie Wright

title: One Nation Under a Groove


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Wilsall, Montana

Wilsall is a census-designated place (CDP) in Park County, Montana, United States. The population was 237 at the 2000 census.

Description
Wilsall takes its name from Will Jordan, of the Jordan-Robertson Company cattle ranch, and his wife, Sally. The Northern Pacific Railway line arrived in December 1909, and the post office opened a year later.

Geography
Wilsall is located in central Montana, 46 km northeast of Bozeman, 125 km east-southeast of Helena and 169 km west of Billings.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wilsall has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 237 people, 102 households, and 68 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 234.5 PD/sqmi. There were 119 housing units at an average density of 117.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.36% White, 1.69% Native American, 2.95% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.95% of the population.

There were 102 households, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,643, and the median income for a family was $30,357. Males had a median income of $28,000 versus $21,607 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,585. About 16.7% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 2.6% of those 65 or over.

Education
Shields Valley Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. The elementary school is in Wilsall. The Jr/Sr High School is located in Clyde Park. The Shields Valley High School team name is the Rebels.

Notable people
Notable residents include Dirk Adams, owner of the Lazy SR Ranch and the Wilsall General Store.

title: Wilsall, Montana


text:
Winnett, Montana

Winnett is a town in and the county seat of Petroleum County, Montana, United States. The population was 188 at the 2020 census.

In addition to county government offices, Winnett's businesses and services include a general store, two filling/service stations, a post office, a school system with grades K-12, an event venue completed in 2023, a motel, 2 RV parks, a campground and a bar-and-grill.

Local news is reported from the Roundup Record Tribune & Winnett Times. It is published weekly and also available online.

The nearest medical facilities are in Lewistown.

History
Winnett was named for Walter John Winnett (1860-1943), who was born at the Queen's Hotel in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Winnett ran away from home as a boy, seeking adventure in "Indian country." His excellent marksmanship abilities helped him get jobs with outfits who were always looking for someone who could keep them in fresh meat. When he was captured by Sioux Indians and later adopted into the tribe, he was given the name Eagle Eyes because of his remarkable shooting skills.

Winnett established a ranch in Montana Territory in 1879 near an active trading post and the Hangman's Tree used by vigilantes in the area. The massive ranch house, which he built in 1900 housed his own family and served as a gathering place for the community. Dances, weddings, funerals, church services, and school were all held here. Billings was the closest town, so Winnett built up a freight line business to haul supplies. Each of his outfits consisted of ten to twenty horses and huge wagons. In 1910 he built a store and petitioned for a post office.

In February 1920, oil was discovered in nearby Cat Creek. Winnett's population nearly doubled in less than a year, from 1,213 in April 1922 to over 2,000 in 1923. Buildings could not be built fast enough, and tent homes and businesses appeared. The sudden increase in population drove new demands, and Winnett got its first sidewalks, streets, and water system. Since the oil boom of the 1920s, Winnett has declined both in population and in amenities. Another, smaller oil boom occurred in 1946 when oil was again discovered in Cat Creek.

The Milwaukee Railroad stopped running to Winnett in the early 1970s. The grain elevator is still standing, and graded stretches of land where the tracks used to be are still visible.

The effects of the Bakken oil boom have not had the same effects on Winnett as towns further east such as Glendive or Miles City. However, there have been rumors of oil in other geological formations in the central Montana area near Winnett.

Geography
Winnett is located along Montana Highway 200. Highway 244 connects Winnett to Roundup. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.98 sqmi, all land.

Two locations in Winnett are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Winnett School and Winnett Block.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Winnett has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 182 people, 91 households, and 50 families residing in the town. The population density was 185.7 PD/sqmi. There were 132 housing units at an average density of 134.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 91 households, of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.1% were non-families. 42.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.74.

The median age in the town was 50 years. 18.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.1% were from 25 to 44; 33.9% were from 45 to 64; and 24.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 53.8% male and 46.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 185 people, 87 households, and 52 families residing in the town. The population density was 190.4 PD/sqmi. There were 124 housing units at an average density of 127.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.46% White, and 0.54% from two or more races.

There were 87 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $17,361, and the median income for a family was $26,875. Males had a median income of $21,667 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,892. About 23.1% of families and 22.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 6.8% of those 65 or over.

Education
Covering the town of Winnett and the surrounding area, Winnett Independent School District has students from grades K-12. They are known as the Rams. In 2006, Winnett Schools won the prestigious Blue Ribbon School award, awarded to only 200 schools nationwide.

Petroleum County Community Library serves the area. The local public library offers a once a week pre-school program.

title: Winnett, Montana


text:
Dodson, Montana

Dodson is a town in Phillips County, Montana, United States. The population was 125 at the 2020 census.

History
Dodson was named after a merchant who operated a trading post and saloon there before the Great Northern Railway came through. The first post office was established in 1891.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.19 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Dodson has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 124 people, 49 households, and 32 families residing in the town. The population density was 652.6 PD/sqmi. There were 71 housing units at an average density of 373.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 41.9% White, 49.2% Native American, 2.4% from other races, and 6.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% of the population.

There were 49 households, of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.7% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.16.

The median age in the town was 35.5 years. 32.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.7% were from 25 to 44; 15.2% were from 45 to 64; and 24.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 54.8% male and 45.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 122 people, 49 households, and 34 families residing in the town. The population density was 648.4 PD/sqmi. There were 66 housing units at an average density of 350.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 50.00% White, 45.08% Native American, 0.82% Asian, and 4.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.46% of the population.

There were 49 households, out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $19,464, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $33,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,187. There were 23.7% of families and 28.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 44.7% of under eighteens and 11.1% of those over 64.

Education
Dodson School District educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Dodson High School's team name is the Coyotes.

Phillips County Library has a branch location in Dodson.

Events
Dodson is the location of the Phillips County Fair, which claims to be the longest-running fair in Montana.

Media
The Phillips County News is a weekly local newspaper. They provide a printed paper as well as news online.

Transportation
Amtrak’s Empire Builder, which operates between Seattle/Portland and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in Malta, 18 mi to the east.

title: Dodson, Montana


text:
Malta, Montana

Malta is a city in, and the county seat of, Phillips County, Montana, United States, located at the intersection of U.S. Routes 2 and 191. The population was 1,860 at the 2020 census.

History
After James Hill and his partners built the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba railway (which in 1890 became the Great Northern Railway) across Montana's "High Line" in 1887, Malta evolved from rail siding number 54. What came to be Saco, Montana, to the east and Dodson, Montana, to the west grew from other nearby sidings. A post office was established in Malta in 1890. Its name is said to have been determined by a spin of the globe by a Great Northern official whose finger came to rest on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea.

On July 3, 1901, Kid Curry (Harvey Logan), as part of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch, robbed a train just west of Malta, near Wagner, Montana, making off with about $40,000.

One of the best preserved dinosaurs ever discovered and one of only four that were fossilized is a 77-million-year-old Brachylophosaurus nicknamed Leonardo, unearthed north of Malta in 2000. Leonardo, together with brachylophosaurs Elvis (1994), Roberta (2003) and Peanut (2002), is on display at The Great Plains Dinosaur Museum.

Geography
Malta is on the High Plains of Montana. The Little Rocky Mountains are located south of the town while the Milk River flows north of town. The City of Malta gets water from wells. The well water is pumped to two water tanks located at the top of a residential area known as Hillcrest. The water is treated to meet safety standards, then it enters the city water distribution system.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.06 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Malta experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with long, cold, dry winters and hot, wetter summers.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 1,860 people, 912 households, and (not yet available) families residing in the city. There were 1,016 housing units, of which 857 were occupied. The racial makeup of the city was 1,564 (84.1%) White, 1 African American, 88 (4.7%) Native American, 9 (0.5%) Asian, 46 (2.5%) from other races, and 152 (8.2%) from two or more races. There were 70 (3.8%) Hispanic or Latino.

47.8% of households were married couples living together, 26% had a female householder with no husband present, 25.5% had a male householder with no wife present. The average family size was 2.98.

50.9% were married, not separated, 12.9% widowed, 9.8% divorced, and 26.3% never married (29.8% in MT overall).

The median age was 51.4 (compared to 40.5 in MT overall), 5.6% were under 5 years, 21.4% were under 18, 78.6% were 18 and older, and 27.6% were 65 and older (19.5% in MT). 44.7% claimed German ancestry, 21.3% Norwegian ancestry, and 16.7% Irish ancestry. 12.8% were veterans.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,189 ($57,153 in MT overall), and the median income for a family was $52,974. Males had a median income of $30,117 versus $18,636 for females. About 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line (12.6% in MT overall), including 1.6% of those under age 18, 13.7% of those 18 - 64, and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.

18.6% of residents had a Bachelor's degree or higher, compared to 33.6% in MT overall.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,997 people, 902 households, and 539 families residing in the city. The population density was 1884.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,006 housing units at an average density of 949.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 88.2% White, 0.1% African American, 5.5% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 5.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 902 households, of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.2% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 46.8 years. 23.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.6% were from 25 to 44; 29.5% were from 45 to 64; and 23.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.7% male and 53.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,120 people, 907 households, and 565 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,006.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,067 housing units at an average density of 1,009.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.83% White, 0.05% African American, 4.67% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of the population.

There were 907 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,212, and the median income for a family was $41,422. Males had a median income of $30,117 versus $18,636 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,405. About 8.8% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Malta Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Malta High School's team name is the Mustangs/Mustangettes.

Arts and culture
Two stops on The Montana Dinosaur Trail are located in Malta. They are: the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum and Field Station and the Phillips County Museum.

The Great Plains museum is also home to the Judith River Dinosaur Institute. The Institute provides the opportunity for others to participate in an educational dinosaur dig or take a fossil preparation course. In June the museum has the Montana Dinosaur Festival. The Festival includes adult and children's activities focused around paleontology.

The Phillips County Museum has local history information including artifacts from Native American culture, cowboys and outlaws, and pioneer life. On site is also the H.G. Robinson House and Gardens. The house is one of the earliest homes in Malta.

The Phillips County Carnegie Library is the public library in Malta. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Infrastructure
U.S. Route 2 travels through town from east to west while U.S. Route 191 travels north to south.

Amtrak's Empire Builder, running between Chicago and Seattle/Portland, stops daily in Malta at Malta station.

The Malta Airport is a public use airport serving the town.

Media
The Phillips County News is a weekly local newspaper. They provide a printed paper as well as news online.

The radio station KMMR FM 100.1 (Country music) is licensed in Malta.

Notable people

 * Greg Hertz, served in Montana Congress
 * Karl Ohs, 28th Lieutenant Governor of the state of Montana

title: Malta, Montana


text:
Saco, Montana

Saco is a town in Phillips County, Montana, United States. The population was 159 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.33 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Saco has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

History
Faced with the task of naming hundreds of station stops along the High Line, Great Northern Railway officials resorted to "globe trotting." According to one story, an official spun a globe and put his finger on Saco, Maine, thus giving the town its name. Another story tells that the name is a contraction of "Sacajawea." For two years, Saco boasted the Guinness world record for making the world's largest hamburger, building the 6,040-pound burger from the beef of 17 cattle in 1999.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 197 people, 102 households, and 47 families residing in the town. The population density was 597.0 PD/sqmi. There were 127 housing units at an average density of 384.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.4% White, 1.0% Asian, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 102 households, of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.9% were non-families. 47.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age in the town was 48.1 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 33% were from 45 to 64; and 21.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 224 people, 109 households, and 57 families residing in the town. The population density was 683.9 PD/sqmi. There were 135 housing units at an average density of 412.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.43% White, 1.79% Native American, and 1.79% from two or more races.

There were 109 households, out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.8% were non-families. 44.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,125, and the median income for a family was $26,667. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,421. About 14.3% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.2% of those 65 or over.

Education
Saco School District educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Saco High School's team name is the Panthers.

Phillips County Library has a branch location in Saco.

Media
The Phillips County News is a weekly local newspaper. They provide a printed paper as well as news online.

Transportation
Amtrak’s Empire Builder, which operates between Seattle/Portland and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in Malta, 28 mi to the west.

Notable people

 * Wayne Stahl, Montana Legislature member

title: Saco, Montana


text:
Emmylou Harris

Emmylou Harris (born April 2, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, bandleader, and activist. She is recognized for having a consistent artistic direction. Harris is considered one of the leading music artists behind the country rock genre in the 1970s and the Americana genre in the 1990s. Her music united both country and rock audiences in live performance settings. Her characteristic voice, musical style and songwriting have been acclaimed by critics and fellow recording artists.

Harris developed an interest in folk music in her early years, which led to her performing professionally. After moving to New York City in the 1960s, she recorded a folk album and performed regionally. She was discovered by Gram Parsons, who influenced her country rock direction. Following his 1973 death, Harris obtained her own recording contract from Reprise–Warner Bros. Her second album, Pieces of the Sky (1975), found both critical acclaim and commercial success. Follow-up 1970s albums further elevated Harris' career, such as Elite Hotel (1976), Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town (1978) and Blue Kentucky Girl (1979). By 1980, she had acquired four number-one songs on the US and Canadian country charts: "Together Again", "Sweet Dreams", "Two More Bottles of Wine" and "Beneath Still Waters".

Harris had a continued string of commercially and critically successful albums like Roses in the Snow (1980), Evangeline (1981) and Last Date (1982). Her backing group, the Hot Band helped establish a musical foundation for her concerts and albums. Her 1980s albums spawned the top ten singles "Wayfaring Stranger", "Born to Run" and "Last Date". The 1985 album The Ballad of Sally Rose was among Harris' first self-written projects. The album (along with its follow-ups) failed to sustain the commercial momentum of previous albums. Harris then collaborated with Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt on Trio (1987). The platinum-selling album was also a critical success that spawned four top ten singles.

In 1992, Warner Bros. released the live album At the Ryman. It garnered critical praise and renewed interest in its live venue, the Ryman Auditorium. Harris was inspired to move in a new musical direction with 1995's Wrecking Ball. She then reunited with Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt for Trio II (1999). By the 2000s, Harris had signed with Nonesuch Records and recorded several albums of self-composed material like Red Dirt Girl (2000), All I Intended to Be (2008) and Hard Bargain (2011). She also found collaborative partnerships, such as with Mark Knopfler on the internationally successful All the Roadrunning (2006). She then collaborated with Rodney Crowell on the critically acclaimed Old Yellow Moon (2013) and The Traveling Kind (2015). She also became involved in activism during this time, including starting her own dog rescue called Bonaparte's Retreat.

Harris has been estimated to have sold over 15 million records worldwide. She has also earned 13 Grammy Awards, placed 27 singles into the top ten of the US country chart, and several of her albums have received gold certifications in the US. She was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2008 and was ranked among Rolling Stone's list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2022.

Early life
Harris was born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1947. She was one of two children born to Walter Rutland Harris and Eugenia Harris. Her older brother (Walter Harris Jr.) enjoyed country music in his youth. Her father was a Marine Corps officer who served in both World War II and the Korean War. In the latter, he was taken as a Prisoner of War and was reported as missing in action. He was later released. "I never talked to him about his experiences. He wouldn't ever talk about it," she later reflected. The Harris family lived in Birmingham through their daughter's first grade school year. Her father was then transferred to Cherry Point, North Carolina, and later to Quantico, Virginia.

During her high school years, the family eventually settled in nearby Woodbridge, Virginia. Harris was a straight-A high school student at Gar-Field Senior High School, a cheerleader and a saxophonist in the marching band. She also won the "Miss Woodbridge" beauty pageant during her teen years. Classmates considered Harris unusual because she was devoted to her studies. Harris was among many adolescents interested in the American folk music revival of the 1960s. She became fascinated with folk artists of the era such as Joan Baez, Bob Dylan and Buffy Sainte-Marie. Her grandfather gave Harris her first guitar, which she learned to play.

In 1965, Harris graduated from Gar-Field (which was desegregated shortly before she left) as the class valedictorian. Her original intention was to become an actress and she received a drama scholarship from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. She began taking classes in the fall of 1965. Harris participated in the school's productions of The Tempest and The Dancing Donkey. She also helped form a folk music duo called the Emerald City. The duo worked a series of gigs in the local area, most of which were coffeehouses. She also played coffeehouses as a solo performer, primarily in one known as "The Corner".

In 1967, Harris dropped out of the University of North Carolina. She then enrolled at Boston University but would soon drop out as well. She ultimately chose to pursue a career as a folk singer full-time. Harris briefly moved to Virginia Beach, where she worked as a waitress and as a folk singer. She then left for New York City's Greenwich Village neighborhood where there was a popular folk music scene. In 1969, Harris married her first husband Tom Slocum and soon gave birth to her first child.

1969–1974: Folk music and collaborations with Gram Parsons
Harris regularly worked the Greenwich Village music scene and developed friendships with fellow artists Jerry Jeff Walker, Dave Bromberg and Paul Siebel. She worked at several notable Greenwich Village clubs, including The Bitter End. She also supported herself by working as a waitress and bookstore cashier. Along with her husband and daughter, Harris lived at a nearby YWCA. Harris got her first manager and signed with Jubilee Records in 1969. The label released her debut studio album, Gliding Bird, in 1970. The disc featured several recordings penned by Harris herself, along with one penned by her first husband, Tom Slocum. Unlike her later recordings, Gliding Bird was released under the name "Emmy Lou Harris".

Jubilee Records declared bankruptcy shortly after Gliding Bird was released. Harris and her husband then decided to attempt a music career in Nashville, Tennessee. The couple divorced while in Nashville. Harris attempted to support herself and her daughter by working as a waitress. However, she was surviving on food stamps and Medicaid. Ultimately, she went back to live with her parents in the Maryland suburb of Clarksville, near Washington, D.C.. Harris then obtained a hostessing job in Columbia, Maryland.

At the same time, Harris developed a following performing at clubs in Washington, D.C. and its surrounding suburbs. Yet, she was unconvinced she could make it as a music artist. "At that point, I'd retired forever from the music business," she recalled. Among the clubs Harris worked during this period was a singles bar called Clyde's, where she was first discovered. At the time, singer-songwriter Gram Parsons (formerly of the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers, who was establishing a solo career) was looking for a harmony singer. Parsons' friends were discussing Harris at a Washington D.C. nightclub when their conversation was overheard by the babysitter of Harris's daughter. Through the babysitter, Parsons' friends got in contact with Harris. Parsons went to hear Harris and was drawn to her singing ability. One year later, he sent her a plane ticket to Los Angeles, California where she recorded harmony vocals for his debut album GP. After its release, the album failed to become successful and find a mainstream audience.

Harris also toured as a member of Parsons's band (the Grevious Angels) in 1973, and performed vocal harmonies and duets with him. Through recording and touring, the pair found an instant musical connection. Parsons had become known for his fusion of country rock and had a fascination with classic country music. His passion for the genre was influential on Harris and she soon learned about the country genre. Harris would later credit Parsons for helping her find her artistic direction as well as her passion for authentic country music. In 1973, Harris returned to the recording studio to make Parsons' next album, titled Grievous Angel. Weeks following the album's sessions, Parsons died from a drug and alcohol overdose in a hotel room near Joshua Tree National Park. Parsons's Grievous Angel was released posthumously in 1974, and three more tracks from his sessions with Harris were included on another posthumous Parsons album, Sleepless Nights, in 1976. One more album of recorded material from that period was packaged as Live 1973 but was not released until 1982.

1975–1980: Solo breakthrough
Although affected by Gram Parsons' death, Harris continued on as a solo artist. She decided to carry on the country rock legacy left by Parsons for her own career. "Once I started singing country music with Gram there was no turning back for me," she recounted. Harris formed her own band and got a weekly job performing at the Red Fox Inn in Bethesda, Maryland. Meanwhile, Parson's former A&R representative at Warner Bros. Records (Mary Martin) attempted to launch Harris's own career. She contacted Canadian-based producer Brian Ahern, who had recent success working alongside Anne Murray. Impressed by her, Ahern agreed to produce Harris. The pair would later marry in 1977 and Harris then signed with Warner Bros.–Reprise.

Ahern produced Harris's next several albums beginning with 1975's Pieces of the Sky. It featured covers of songs by The Beatles and Merle Haggard, along with originals like Harris' "Boulder to Birmingham", which reflected her emotions surrounding Parsons's death. The disc was a commercial success, reaching number seven on the American Billboard country LP's chart and number 45 on the Billboard 200 all-genre chart. Its second single, "If I Could Only Win Your Love" reached number four on the Billboard country songs chart and topped the Canadian RPM country chart. It was followed by 1975's Elite Hotel. It was her first to top the Billboard country chart while also climbing into Billboard 200 top 25. The disc's covers of Buck Owens's "Together Again" and Don Gibson's "Sweet Dreams" topped the Billboard country chart. Harris formed a new backing group for the project called The Hot Band. The group featured James Burton, Glen D. Hardin (both members of Elvis Presley's TCB Band) and Rodney Crowell.

Harris' albums received critical and commercial success. Adam Sweeting of The Guardian found Pieces of the Sky to have "many brilliant songs". Grant Alden of No Depression concluded that when both LP's are played 'front to back' it makes for "an astonishing, almost blemish-free collection". Elite Hotel also brought Harris the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. Additionally, both LPs were certified gold in the United States for selling over half a million copies each.

Harris's next several studio collections included both traditional country cover tunes and new material. In 1976, Warner Bros. issued her fourth album, Luxury Liner, which was her second number-one US country album. It also was her second to make the top 20 in the United Kingdom and third to certify gold in the US. Jason Ankeny named it "one of her most engaging efforts". Warner Bros. followed it with 1978's Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town, which was considered to have "over-careful production", according to Grant Alden. It made the top five of the US country chart, the top 25 of the US all-genre chart, the top ten of the Canadian country chart and later certified gold in sales. The albums spawned the number one US and Canadian country singles "Making Believe", "To Daddy" and "Two More Bottles of Wine". They also spawned a top ten cover of "You Never Can Tell (C'est La Vie)" and the US top 20 original tune "Easy From Now On".

Harris' record label proposed shifting her career towards country pop crossover stardom. Instead, Harris recorded two traditionally-oriented albums, beginning with 1979's Blue Kentucky Girl. It was a top-ten disc on the North American country charts and received a gold certification. It also won a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. The follow-up was 1980's Roses in the Snow, which was considered to embed bluegrass sounds. Like its predecessor, Roses in the Snow went gold and reached the number two on the country charts in the US and Canada. Harris' new bluegrass sound was credited to the new Hot Band member Ricky Skaggs, who replaced Rodney Crowell. Both albums spawned top ten US and Canadian country singles: "Save the Last Dance for Me", "Blue Kentucky Girl", "Wayfaring Stranger". Additionally, "Beneath Still Waters" went to the number one spot in both countries. Billboard named Blue Kentucky Girl among its April 1979 "Top Album Picks", calling Harris' voice "crystal clear", while Cashbox magazine highlighted Harris's "beautiful, sensitive voice" on Roses in the Snow.

Harris gave birth to a second daughter during this period and briefly stopped touring. Shortly beforehand, the Christmas-themed Light of the Stable (1979) was released and was followed by Evangeline (1981). The latter was a studio collection compiled from songs that were "left off" former albums. Evangeline certified gold in sales and reached number five on the US country chart. It spawned a cover of "Mister Sandman", which topped the Canadian country chart, reached the US country top ten and made the US pop top 40. Although the song's album version featured harmony vocals from Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt, Harris harmonized with herself for the single version. Harris also collaborated with Roy Orbison during this time for the 1980 single "That Lovin' You Feeling Again". It would later win the Grammy for Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. Harris also won the Female Vocalist of the Year award from the Country Music Association.

1981–1990: Commercial decline, comeback with Trio and further Warner Bros. releases
Around 1981, Ricky Skaggs left the Hot Band and was replaced by Barry Tashian. Drummer John Ware also left Harris' backing group, which prompted her to reform the Hot Band with new members. Her next studio album, Cimarron (1981) was cut with the new Hot Band. It made the US country albums top ten and the US all-genre top 50. It spawned the US and Canadian top ten country songs "Born to Run" and "Tennessee Rose". A duet with Don Williams called "If I Needed You" topped the Canadian country chart. In 1982, Harris and the Hot Band recorded her first live album, titled Last Date. Its lead single was a vocal version of Floyd Cramer's instrumental original song "Last Date". The single topped the US country chart and was followed by the top-five single "I'm Movin' On". Both albums received mixed reviews, with Grant Alden of No Depression finding that Cimarron and Last Date are no "monumental artistic statement" but occasionally "have their moments". William Ruhlmann of AllMusic gave Last Date 2.5 stars, explaining that Harris failed to create original styles and arrangements that previously set her apart.

Harris' final album under Brian Ahern's production (the pair would then divorce) was released in 1983, called White Shoes. The disc featured a collection of cover songs. Among its tracks were the singles "Pledging My Love" and "In My Dreams", both of which reached the US and Canadian country top ten. White Shoes was among her lowest-peaking albums to date on the US country chart, stalling at number 22. Harris then relocated to Nashville, where she collaborated with new producer Paul Kennerly (whom she later married). The pair composed The Ballad of Sally Rose, which was released by Warner Bros. in 1985. Featuring compositions written by Harris herself, The Ballad of Sally Rose. The record was loosely based on her time with Gram Parsons. Despite reaching the US country top ten the album ultimately resulted in poor record sales and was considered a commercial failure. Yet its embedding of various musical styles was praised by critics.

In 1986, Warner Bros. released her next studio album, Thirteen. The disc was described by Rolling Stone as a "roots record" with comparisons drawn to 1980's Roses in the Snow. However, the album proved to be less successful. Both of its singles reached positions outside the top 40 on the North American country charts. Although recorded prior to Thirteen, Angel Band followed on Warner Bros. in 1987 and was an album of gospel material. Rolling Stone described it as a "solid but [low-key]" gospel project". It was Harris' third album to only reach the Billboard country top 25.

In 1987, Harris collaborated with Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt to record the studio album, Trio. The women had been friends for over a decade and had intentions to record an album together for years. Several tracks that had originally been laid down were scrapped and replaced by a new studio collection of country–folk songs. Trio featured Harris, Parton and Ronstadt singing together in harmony and often featured one of the women singing lead vocals. Trio became a commercial success and is the best-selling disc of Harris' career. Following its March 1987 release, Trio reached number one on the US country chart, number six on the US all-genre list, number 12 in Australia and number four in Canada. Spawned from the disc were the North American top ten country songs "To Know Him Is to Love Him", "Telling Me Lies", "Those Memories of You" and "Wildflowers".

In 1989, Warner Bros. released the solo album Bluebird. It included material penned by songwriters Kate McGarrigle and Anna McGarrigle, and two songs penned by Harris herself. Considered a country rock effort by Rolling Stone the album peaked in the top 20 of both the US and Canadian country charts. Its lead single, "Heartbreak Hill", returned Harris to the top ten as a solo artist and was followed by the top 20 single, "Heaven Only Knows". Her final studio album with Warner Bros. was released in 1990, titled Brand New Dance. It was categorized as an "uninspired misfire" by Rolling Stone while AllMusic drew similar comparisons to Harris seeming disengaged with the material.

1991–1999: New artistic directions and further collaborations
Around 1991, Harris deformed the Hot Band and formed a new backing group called the Nash Ramblers. The group included Sam Bush playing fiddle, Al Perkins playing banjo and guitar, and Jon Randall performing various instruments. Harris then intended to record a live album of material she had never performed before. It was suggested by music executive Bonnie Garner to record the set at the Ryman Auditorium (the former site of the Grand Ole Opry, which was becoming increasingly dilapidated). In spring 1991, Harris and the Nash Ramblers recorded the live project over three nights with only 200 guests in attendance. The live disc was released in 1992 and was titled At the Ryman and was met with critical acclaim. Writers have since speculated the project brought renewed interest to the Ryman Auditorium and several months following the album, the venue was refurbished.

Harris was also president of the Country Music Foundation in the early 1990s and became an official member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1992. Harris also departed from Warner–Reprise during this period and signed a new contract with Asylum Records. In 1993, the label released the studio project Cowgirl's Prayer. It was Harris' last project produced by Paul Kennerley and the pair divorced shortly afterward. The album made the top 40 of the US country albums chart and the top 20 of the Canadian country albums chart. Despite critical acclaim its singles received limited radio airplay. Two of its singles made the US and Canada country charts, but failed to make positions inside the top 40.

By the middle 1990s, Harris was feeling excluded by country music radio. Asylum Records gave her the musical freedom to record her next album. In 1995, Asylum issued the studio album Wrecking Ball. The disc was produced by Daniel Lanois (known for producing U2 and Peter Gabriel), who embedded an alternative rock style into its sound and style. According to the Los Angeles Times, its production has been considered influential in establishing the Americana music genre. Although ignored by country radio, Wrecking Ball reached number 94 on the US albums chart, number 58 in Canada number 46 in the UK and received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album. Jason Ankeny of AllMusic called it "a hypnotic, staggeringly beautiful work", while Allison Hussey of Pitchfork called it "a staggering work that defied expectations for what a middle-aged woman should be doing with her time."

In 1998, Harris's third live album, Spyboy, was released. It featured live cuts of songs that Harris had recorded throughout her career. It was recorded with Harris's new backing band, which were also called Spyboy. Also in 1998, Harris appeared on Willie Nelson's Teatro album, featuring production from Harris then-producer Lanois.

In 1999, Asylum issued the second collaborative album by Harris, Parton and Ronstadt titled Trio II. Although the project was completed in 1994, it took five years to be released. Trio II rose to the number four position on the North American country album charts certified gold in the United States. Time called the disc "an angelic encounter", while The Washington Post found it was "not worth the wait" due to the disc's "sense of familiarity". Its single "After the Gold Rush" brought the three artists the Best Country Collaboration with Vocals accolade from the Grammys. Meanwhile, Harris and Ronstadt had been wanting to make their own collaborative album together. After years of discussion and planning, the pair released Western Wall: The Tucson Sessions. The album was also released on Asylum in 1999. Within a month, the collaborative project reached number six on the US country chart and number 73 on the US Billboard 200.

2000–2011: From song interpreter to singer-songwriter
Harris parted ways with her record label and management during this period. In 2000, she signed with Nonesuch Records and that year the label released her first solo studio album in five years, called Red Dirt Girl. It was Harris' first disc since The Ballad of Sally Rose that featured mostly self-written recordings. It also featured Bruce Springsteen and Patty Griffin singing background vocals. Time called it "a surprisingly raw and confessional collection" while The Guardian called it "superb". Red Dirt Girl rose to number five on the US country albums chart, number 54 on the US all-genre chart, number three on the Canadian country albums chart and number 29 on the Canadian all-genre chart. Its single "I Don't Wanna Talk About It Now" was Harris' first to make the US Adult Alternative Airplay chart. Red Dirt Girl won Harris another Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk album. Harris also contributed to the soundtrack of O Brother, Where Art Thou?, which won a Grammy for Album of the Year.

In 2003, Harris followed up with her next studio release Stumble into Grace. Like its predecessor, the album contained self-penned songs. It also featured harmony vocals from Linda Ronstadt. Allmusic's Mark Deming commented that "Stumble into Grace shows she's still playing at the top of her game" and Billboard called it "a very affecting record". The album reached the US country top ten and made the top 20 in both Norway and Sweden. During this period, Harris also toured frequently alongside Elvis Costello and recorded the song "The Scarlet Tide" (the original version of the song was featured in the soundtrack of Cold Mountain). In 2005, Harris recorded the song "A Love That Will Never Grow Old", which appeared in the LGBT film Brokeback Mountain.

Harris and Mark Knopfler (formerly of the band Dire Straits) spent seven years writing and recording songs, which would make up their collaborative studio effort, All the Roadrunning. Some of the songs on the collection were originally for a different Knofler project but were instead used for All the Roadrunning. In 2006, it became a top 20 disc on the US album chart but reached the top ten in the UK and Sweden. In Norway, the album topped the all-genre chart. Spawned from the disc was the single "This Is Us", which reached number five on the US Adult Alternative Airplay chart and number 17 in Norway. The Washington Post called the album "a smart marriage of strengths and weaknesses" and AllMusic found it to be a "lush and earthy collaboration".

In 2008, a solo album titled All I Intended to Be was released. It featured Brian Ahern producing the project. Contributors included Vince Gill and Dolly Parton. Harris then toured in support of the album with an ensemble she dubbed the Red Dirt Boys. It reached the top five of the US country albums chart, the top 25 of the Billboard 200 and the top ten on the Swedish all-genre chart. In 2010, Harris re-recorded her song "Boulder to Birmingham" with the rock group the Fray and was issued as a single by Epic Records that year.

In 2011, Nonesuch Records released Harris' fourth self-composed album Hard Bargain. The project was produced by Nashville's Jay Joyce. Similar to her previous albums, its songs reflected themes about southern culture. Among its tracks was a song about the life of Emmett Till, a teenage boy murdered in the American south during the 1950s. Hard Bargain reached the US country albums top five, the US all-genre top 20, the Canadian top 20, the UK top 30 and the Norwegian top 15. Ken Tucker of NPR called Hard Bargain both "invigorating" and "inviting". Steven Rosen of American Songwriter found Harris' songwriting on the album to occasionally "stumble" but also do well in "addressing personal sadness".

2012–present: Rodney Crowell collaborations and recent endeavors
Harris agreed to contribute to the soundtrack of Nick Cave's 2012 film Lawless. She recorded three songs that appeared on the soundtrack. The Montreal Gazette described Harris' vocal performance on Lawless as "serene". Harris released an album of duets with Rodney Crowell in 2013 called Old Yellow Moon. Although a duet album was discussed for years, the timing never worked out due to their different schedules. The pair re-recorded songs that had previously appeared on their individual albums. Slant Magazine found Old Yellow Moon to balance "retro-country and retro-rock with a sure and satisfying sense of balance" and USA Today named the project one of its "Albums of the Week" in February 2013. Old Yellow Moon reached number four on the US country chart, number 29 on the US all-genre chart, number six in Norway and number 42 in the UK. It later won a Grammy award. It was followed in 2015 by the pair's second album, The Traveling Kind and was a tribute to songwriters like Kris Kristofferson and Roger Miller. Rolling Stone awarded it three stars out of five and four out of five stars from American Songwriter. The Traveling Kind reached the top ten of the US country chart.

In 2014, Harris announced a book deal with Blue Rider, a Penguin Books publishing imprint. In 2017, she told The Capital Times that the piece would be a memoir of her life. In 2021, Harris told Clash magazine that she was still writing her memoir. In 2021, Nonesuch Records released the live disc Ramble in Music City: The Lost Concert, which was recorded with The Nash Ramblers in 1990 but was first shelved. In 2021, Harris told Clash magazine that she was no longer writing songs because she didn't "feel the need" and have the sense of "urgency". However, she continues to perform and play shows.

Influences
Harris found her first appreciation for music through the folk genre during the American folk revival. During her adolescence, she listened to American University's WAMU radio station, which played folk music nightly. Harris taught herself to play the guitar, sing and follow along with the radio. Harris' early folk influences included Ian & Sylvia, Peter, Paul and Mary, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Judy Collins, and Bob Dylan. Harris was also influenced by Pete Seeger. At age 16, she wrote him a letter wondering if her life was too privileged to be singing about the story lines in folk songs. Another significant influence was Joan Baez, whom she recalled having a "spiritual" connection to. "I worshiped her. Still do in a way, because she just changed my whole focus on music," she told Rolling Stone.

Harris received further exposure to country music and developed an appreciation for it through her collaborations with Gram Parsons. She told The Columbus Dispatch that she had not take the genre seriously up to that point because she could see the artistry of it. Parsons exposed Harris to the music of the Louvin Brothers, Bill Monroe and George Jones. Their songs became a significant influence on her. "These were deep, emotionally troubling songs, but he opened my ears to the beauty of it, the simplicity of the poetry," she explained. Harris hired Rodney Crowell to join her band when she became a solo act. His traditional Texan country background was said by Harris to influence her country music artistry. "I think that his presence in the early part of my career, first as a songwriter and then as a member of the band and then as kind of my soul brother, musically, was really important to getting my footing as a performing artist," Harris commented.

Musical styles, musicianship and collaborations
Writers, editors and historians have largely identified Harris with the country rock musical style. Harris took the sound of California folk rock and embedded it with traditional country. Author Frank Hoffman wrote, "Emmylou Harris has maintained a successful recording career over four decades by maintaining a steadfast allegiance to roots styles in the face of rampant technological change and media image manipulation." David DiMartio found that her 1970s albums merged rock with classic country in a way that helped Harris receive fans young and old. Buzz McClain of The Washington Post said that Harris' albums helped "define" the country rock music style. Authors Mary A. Bufwack and Robert K. Oermann concluded that Harris was the "beacon" of the country rock movement during the 1970s and 1980s.

As Harris' career progressed, she took more inspiration from the alternative music community. Critics have pointed to 1995's Wrecking Ball as a turning point in her musical style. The album's production was said to embed new aspects of rock that had not been in her music previously. From then on, critics credited Harris with helping to define the alternative country sub genre. Writers have also categorized her music as progressive country and outlaw country. Her association with other genres authors to consider her a forerunner for the Americana style, a genre centered on roots music. Rolling Stone has since given the moniker of the "Godmother of Americana".

Harris's musicianship has also been discussed and spoken about. She often sought out other musicians to enhance and develop her musical style. This started with Harris' first backing group the Hot Band, which was formed when her first record label needed studio musicians for her recordings. "We gotta put the chick singer together with a hot band," Harris recalled someone at her record company saying. From then on, Harris collaborated with her backing musicians to help enhance her style and performances onstage. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum explained how her backing bands influenced the way her musical style shifted as years went by. Harris herself explained that her style of country music embedded more rock influences compared to previous interpretations of the genre.

Harris' artistry has also been remembered for her collaborations with various artists. She has made appearances on songs recorded by Ryan Adams, Neil Young, Johnny Cash, Sheryl Crow, and numerous others. "It's likely that on her school report it was said of the young Emmylou Harris that 'she plays well with others'," wrote Bernard Zuel of The Sydney Morning Herald. Noah Berlatsky of The Atlantic wrote that Harris' own career "was never precisely solo" because of her emphasis on collaborating with other artists. "Her enthusiasm for finding new artists to work with has been a huge boon for her music," he commented. Harris herself stated, "I think it's just a willingness to be a part of the landscape, in a way. I've been very lucky in that all (my) collaborations have been real musical and very satisfying and inspiring."

Vocals
Writers have characterized Harris' singing voice as that of a soprano, along with being described as being both "delicate" and "crystalline". Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote, "Emmylou Harris's voice is an alloy of crystal and steel, and this mixture of delicacy and resilience lends her the aura of an idealized frontier woman." Jason Ankeny of AllMusic wrote, "Blessed with a crystalline voice, a remarkable gift for phrasing, and a restless creative spirit, few artists had as profound an impact on contemporary music as Emmylou Harris." Harris herself explained that her voice sounds unique because it is rooted in folk styles: "I didn't have a style or a voice of my own. And in singing country, I was singing in a folk voice. I didn't have what you would consider a true country voice like Loretta Lynn, Kitty [Wells] or Tammy [Wynette], or some of the younger singers; Tanya Tucker – great voice. But my voice was always more on the side of folk."

Legacy, influence and awards
Emmylou Harris has striven to follow a consistent music direction in her career that has helped influence modern contemporary music. Through her fusion of the country and rock genres, Harris helped to unite rural country audiences and metropolitan rock audiences together in one setting. Jason Ankeny of AllMusic wrote, "She traveled a singular artistic path, proudly carrying the torch of "cosmic American music" passed down by her mentor, Gram Parsons, which made a profound mark on both country and rock." Mary A. Bufwack and Robert K. Oermann wrote, "She showed Nashville that country music could succeed uncompromised, with dignity intact. She made country music hip." Harris is also credited with influencing the neotraditional country sub-genre that was established in the 1980s and 1990s. The Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World wrote, "Harris would carry the torch into the following decades as a revered country music traditionalist who respected and drew inspiration from the west coast pioneers."

Writer David DiCaire called Harris one of American music's most well-remembered voices. Jason Ankeny wrote, "Blessed with a crystalline voice, a remarkable gift for phrasing, and a restless creative spirit, few artists had as profound an impact on contemporary music as Emmylou Harris." Marissa R. Moss of The Guardian called her "one of music's most revered voices" and "one of America's finest interpreters of song". Chuck Dauphin of Billboard wrote, "Nobody can deliver a song aching with sadness and loneliness quite like Emmylou Harris. When she pours her heart and soul into a lyric, you are instantly grabbed emotionally in a way that few artists can." In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Harris at number 79 on its list of the "200 Greatest Singers of All Time", further commenting that she is "arguably the greatest American harmony vocalist of the past half-century".

Bufwack and Oermann explained how Harris's music changed the direction of country music decades later. In the years following her rise to success, Harris was considered a major influence on several country artists during the 1980s and 1990s. Miranda Lambert credited Harris as an artist determined to make her own choices and choose her own direction. Reflecting on her artistic decisions, Trisha Yearwood commented, "I've had to say to myself, well, if I passed Emmylou Harris on the street, would I be able to hold my head up?" Harris has also been a credited influence on Ryan Adams, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Sheryl Crow, Vince Gill, Patty Loveless, Martina McBride, Reba McEntire, Kacey Musgraves, Margo Price, LeAnn Rimes, Pam Tillis, Carrie Underwood and Wilco.

In 1999, Harris received the Billboard Century Award, which is given to "the uncommon excellence of one artist's still-unfolding body of work." In 2003, she was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame. Along with the Statler Brothers and Tom T. Hall, Harris was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in 2008. In 2009, Linda Ronstadt and Earl Scruggs were present when Harris received an honorary doctorate from the Berklee College of Music. At the 2012 Academy of Country Music "Honors" ceremony, Harris was presented with the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award. In 2015, Harris and Evelyn Glennie received Sweden's Polar Music Prize. Along with Tina Turner, she was then presented the 2018 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Swedish folk duo First Aid Kit released the song "Emmylou" in 2012 as a tribute to Harris. They performed the song when she received the Polar Music Prize in 2015. In 2016, Harris was honored with a tribute concert entitled The Life & Songs of Emmylou Harris, which was later released as both a DVD and a live CD. The concert featured several of Harris's closest friends and collaborators, including Rodney Crowell, Alison Krauss, and Lucinda Williams. Harris also performed at the concert which included her singing "Boulder to Birmingham" with other artists that were part of the program.

Activism and dog rescue
In 1997 and 1998, Harris performed in Sarah McLachlan's Lilith Fair concert series, which promoted female music artists. Since 1999, Harris has organized an annual benefit tour called Concerts for a Landmine-Free World. All proceeds from the tours support the Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation's (VVAF) efforts to assist innocent victims of conflicts around the world. The tour also benefits the VVAF's work to raise US awareness of the global land mine problem. Artists that have joined Harris on the road for these dates include Joan Baez, Mary Chapin Carpenter and Willie Nelson. She became a member of the newly formed Commission in the Humanities and Social Sciences of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011, which started as a way to promote research with the humanities and social sciences.

Since childhood, Harris has enjoyed caring for dogs and fantasized about establishing a dog rescue. In 2004, Harris' pet dog named Bonaparte died. To remember him, Harris decided to establish Bonaparte's Retreat, a dog rescue whose purpose was to save stray dogs from animal shelters and house them until they found their "forever home". The rescue resides in the Nashville area and often rescues dogs that are taken from the Metro Nashville Animal Care and Control facility. The rescue resides in the Nashville area and often rescues dogs that are taken from the Metro Nashville Animal Care and Control facility. It also supports elderly or sickly dogs that are in need of a home. Harris helps raise funds for the program by creating concerts that sponsor the rescue. Bonaparte's Retreat also works with a program that pairs troubled youth with foster animals. "I think this is something that will affect their lives in a good way on into their adult lives," she commented.

Personal life
Harris has been married and divorced three times, but she has called herself a "really good ex-wife". In 1969, Harris met fellow folk artist Tom Slocum while living in New York City's Greenwich Village. They married the same year. In 1970, she gave birth to her first daughter, Hallie. In 1971, the couple divorced. In the early years of her career, Harris often took her daughter on the road with her. However, Hallie spent most of her time living with her grandparents in Maryland. "I don't think the road is good for kids. Once in a while it's fun, like a trip to Disneyland. But not as a way of life," she commented. In 1977, Harris married her then-producer, Brian Ahern. The couple married at Ahern's home in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The couple then lived in the Studio City neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Harris then welcomed her second child, Meghann, in 1979. In 1984, the couple divorced and Harris relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. In 1985, Harris married songwriter and record producer Paul Kennerley. For several years, Harris and her family lived in an older home located near the Music Row neighborhood in Nashville. In 1993, Kennerley and Harris divorced.

Harris has a granddaughter who was born in 2009 and a grandson born in 2012. Harris is a vegetarian. Harris' father died in 1993 after having an aortic rupture. Harris' mother then lived with her for 21 years until her death in 2014. "She's just about my best friend. She has an extraordinary gift of making a home a home without being intrusive", Harris told CBS News in 2002.

Discography
Studio albums as a solo artist
 * Gliding Bird (1969)
 * Pieces of the Sky (1975)
 * Elite Hotel (1975)
 * Luxury Liner (1976)
 * Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town (1978)
 * Blue Kentucky Girl (1979)
 * Light of the Stable (1979)
 * Roses in the Snow (1980)
 * Evangeline (1981)
 * Cimarron (1981)
 * White Shoes (1983)
 * The Ballad of Sally Rose (1985)
 * Thirteen (1986)
 * Angel Band (1987)
 * Bluebird (1989)
 * Brand New Dance (1990)
 * Cowgirl's Prayer (1993)
 * Wrecking Ball (1995)
 * Red Dirt Girl (2000)
 * Stumble into Grace (2003)
 * All I Intended to Be (2008)
 * Hard Bargain (2011)

Studio albums as a collaboration
 * Trio (with Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt) (1987)
 * Trio II (with Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt) (1999)
 * Western Wall: The Tucson Sessions (with Linda Ronstadt) (1999)
 * All the Roadrunning (with Mark Knopfler) (2006)
 * Old Yellow Moon (with Rodney Crowell) (2013)
 * The Traveling Kind (with Rodney Crowell) (2015)

Collaborations and other appearances

 * Collaborations A–F
 * Collaborations G–K
 * Collaborations L–Q
 * Collaborations R–Z

title: Emmylou Harris


text:
Conrad, Montana

Conrad is a city in and the county seat of Pondera County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,318 at the 2020 census. Each June, the Whoop Up Days, a town wide celebration that includes a parade and rodeo, takes place in Conrad.

The town was incorporated in 1908.

Geography
Conrad is located at 48.17281°N, -111.94713°W (48.172807, -111.947131). Interstate 15 passes through the community, with access from Exits 335 and 339.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.25 sqmi, all land.

Conrad is located one hour from the Rocky Mountain Front and within two hours of Glacier National Park.

Climate
Conrad experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with cold, dry winters and hot, wetter summers.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,570 people, 1,113 households, and 676 families residing in the city. The population density was 2056.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,266 housing units at an average density of 1012.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.1% White, 0.2% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 1,113 households, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.3% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the city was 45.7 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.9% were from 45 to 64; and 24.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.8% male and 54.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,753 people, 1,154 households, and 755 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,338.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,332 housing units at an average density of 1,131.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.75% White, 0.11% African American, 2.29% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 1,154 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,432, and the median income for a family was $42,056. Males had a median income of $31,908 versus $19,286 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,742. About 10.6% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Conrad operates under a Charter form of government. There is a mayor and four elected council members. Jamie Miller is the mayor.

Arts and Culture
The Conrad Transportation and Historical Museum includes several replicas of the early town history.

Infrastructure
Conrad Airport is a public use airport located 1 mile west of town.

Logan Health operates a critical access care, rural clinic, and a health center in Conrad.

Education
Conrad Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Conrad High School's team name is the Cowboys/Cowgirls.

Conrad Public Library is located in town.

Media
The weekly newspaper is The Independent-Observer. It is available as either a print or e-edition.

The radio station KHSI-LP, a religious teaching channel, is licensed in Conrad.

Notable people

 * LeRoy H. Anderson, Congressman from Montana
 * Scott Curry, NFL offensive tackle
 * Carol D'Onofrio (1936-2020), public health researcher, born in Conrad, Montana
 * Wylie Gustafson, country and western singer
 * Llew Jones, member of the Montana Senate
 * Kristen Juras, attorney and 37th Lieutenant Governor of Montana
 * Duncan McKenzie, former teacher and convicted murderer
 * Shannen Rossmiller, youngest female judge in United States history, whose testimony led to the conviction of Ryan G. Anderson, and (Alaskan pipeline terrorist)

title: Conrad, Montana


text:
Heart Butte, Montana

Heart Butte (Blackfeet: Moskizipahpi-istaki) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pondera County, Montana, United States. The population was 698 at the 2000 census. The town is on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation.

The town takes its name from the small heart-shaped peak southwest of town.

Geography
Heart Butte is located at 48.29°N, -112.83444°W (48.290058, -112.834432).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.5 sqmi, of which 4.5 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.44%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 698 people, 164 households, and 142 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 154.9 PD/sqmi. There were 185 housing units at an average density of 41.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town is 4.73% White, 0.14% African American, 93.70% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 164 households, out of which 59.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 26.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.4% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.16 and the average family size was 4.56.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 44.1% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 15.6% from 45 to 64, and 4.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $20,885, and the median income for a family was $20,990. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,845. About 42.0% of families and 44.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.7% of those under age 18 and 57.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Heart Butte School educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Heart Butte High School's team name is the Warriors.

Notable people

 * Minnie Spotted-Wolf, the first Native American woman to enlist in the United States Marine Corps, is from Heart Butte.

title: Heart Butte, Montana


text:
Valier, Montana

Valier is a town in Pondera County, Montana, United States. The population was 530 at the 2020 census.

History
The town was named for Peter Valier, who supervised construction of the Montana Western Railway's railroad line between Valier and Conrad, the county seat of Pondera County. The town was incorporated in 1909.

Geography
Valier borders Lake Frances. Pike, perch, walleye, and rainbow trout can all be found in the lake. The Swift Dam and its reservoir are also nearby.

The town is situated with the Rocky Mountain Front to the west and plains to the east.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.92 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Valier has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 509 people, 234 households, and 138 families living in the town. The population density was 553.3 PD/sqmi. There were 284 housing units at an average density of 308.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 87.4% White, 8.1% Native American, 0.6% Asian, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 234 households, of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the town was 47.3 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.6% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 21.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 498 people, 220 households, and 143 families living in the town. The population density was 418.5 PD/sqmi. There were 275 housing units at an average density of 231.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 92.17% White, 5.22% Native American, and 2.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.

There were 220 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $36,750. Males had a median income of $25,156 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,862. About 7.9% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 17.0% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Agriculture, including cattle ranching, is the main industry in the area. There are three Hutterite colonies nearby.

Government
Valier has a mayor-council form of government. In 2023 there were 4 aldermen and Glenn Wunderlich was mayor.

Education
Valier Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. Valier High School's team name is the Panthers.

Valier Public Library serves the area.

Media
The local newspaper is The Valierian. It is published weekly both in print and as an e-edition.

Infrastructure
Valier is on Highway 44, an east–west roadway that connects I-15 and US 89 at the midpoint between Glacier National Park and Great Falls. The local airport has a 3000 ft grass landing strip; also, water planes can land on the lake. It is a public use airport.

Notable people
Author Ivan Doig graduated from Valier High School.

American Football player Scott Curry attended high school in Valier.

title: Valier, Montana