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Arrow Rock, Missouri

Arrow Rock is a village in Saline County, Missouri, United States, located near the Missouri River. The entire village is part of the National Historic Landmark Arrow Rock Historic District, designated by the Department of the Interior, National Park Service in 1963. It is significant in the history of Westward Expansion, the Santa Fe Trail, and 19th-century artist George Caleb Bingham. The town is well known for the Arrow Rock Lyceum Theatre, hosting over 33,000 patrons every year.

The first state-designated historic site is located here. Restoration of a 19th-century tavern in 1923 marked the beginning of historic preservation in Missouri. Many structures within the village are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Several locations are also certified sites of the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail and the Santa Fe National Historic Trail.

The village retains much of its 19th-century Boonslick character, and it attracts more than 100,000 visitors per year. Given the importance of heritage tourism to the village's economy, architectural ordinances implemented in 2004 provide guidance for both new construction and restorations of existing structures.

The town has numerous bed and breakfast establishments, and a modern campground nearby is maintained by the Missouri Division of State Parks. Local government consists of an elected five-member Board of Trustees. The Trustees elect their chair person (mayor).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.13 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 56 people, 36 households, and 16 families residing in the village. The population density was 430.8 PD/sqmi. There were 61 housing units at an average density of 469.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.2% White and 1.8% from two or more races.

There were 36 households, of which 2.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 55.6% were non-families. 47.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.56 and the average family size was 2.06.

The median age in the village was 61.7 years. 1.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.6% were from 25 to 44; 44.6% were from 45 to 64; and 41.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.4% male and 53.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 79 people, 39 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was 592.5 PD/sqmi. There were 62 housing units at an average density of 465.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.00% White.

There were 39 households, out of which 17.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.52.

In the town the population was spread out, with 13.9% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 11.4% from 25 to 44, 35.4% from 45 to 64, and 35.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $45,000, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $35,417 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,344. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Notable people

 * William Becknell – the "Father of the Santa Fe Trail" and Saline County judge
 * George Caleb Bingham – artist
 * Asa Finley – settled west of Arrow Rock and was state representative from Saline County
 * Claiborne Fox Jackson – Arrow Rock's first postmaster
 * John Beauchamp Jones – tended a store in Arrow Rock and was an author
 * Meredith Miles Marmaduke – platted the town of Arrow Rock and served as Missouri's eighth governor
 * John Sappington Marmaduke – son of Meredith Marmaduke, became Governor of Missouri in 1884
 * John Sappington – first physician in Saline County

History
Arrow Rock was the name of a prominent flint-bearing bluff on the Missouri River. The name first appeared on a French map from 1732 as "Pierre a Fleche", meaning "Rock of Arrows". Edwin James on the 1819 Yellowstone Expedition wrote, "Arrow Rock is so called from its having been formerly resorted to by neighboring Indians for the stone used to point their arrows." The two dominant Native American tribes in the area encountered by French traders early in the 18th century were the Missouria and the Osage.

The bluff continued to be a landmark to explorers and travelers for over 150 years. Lewis and Clark passed by on June 9, 1804, and noted "Several small Channels running out of the River below a Bluff [Cliff of rocks called the arrow rock] & Prairie (Called the Prairie of Arrows)". In 1808, William Clark passed through the area again on his way to construct Fort Osage noting a "Big Arrow Rock" and a "Little Arrow Rock" just upstream from it. He declared the area would "make a handsome spot for a town."

During the first half of the 19th century, this region of central Missouri was called "Boonslick Country" so named for the Boone's salt lick about four miles east of Arrow Rock in adjacent Howard County. The term "lick" derived from wildlife licking salt from the ground around the briny springs. Nathan and Daniel Morgan Boone, sons of famed frontiersman Daniel Boone, manufactured salt here from 1805 to 1812, shipping it to St. Louis. Their partners and co-operators, James and Jesse Morrison, continued the salt business until 1833. Salt boiling continued intermittently until the 1860s. The site of this early frontier industry is now managed as Boone's Lick State Historic Site by the Missouri Division of State Parks.

Euro-American settlers arrived in 1810, establishing small settlements several miles to the north and to the south of the Arrow Rock bluff and in the river bottoms on the opposite side of the Missouri River. During the War of 1812, these settlers built small defensive forts as protection from Ioway, Sac & Fox Indians allied to Great Britain. When Fort Osage closed in 1813, the fort's factor (trader) George C. Sibley moved his operation to the Arrow Rock bluff during the winter of 1813–1814 to carry on trade with the Osage Indians. This helped maintain their loyalty the United States during the war.

By 1815, a ferry was established at the site of Arrow Rock. Westbound settlers poured into the area, crossing the Missouri River on the Arrow Rock ferry. Santa Fe trading caravans departing from Franklin began crossing at the ferry in 1821. From 1819 to 1833, the ferry was owned by Judge David Todd, the uncle of Mary Todd Lincoln. Judge William B. Napton noted that 1827 was an especially busy year for the ferry as the population of Saline County swelled that year. In 1849 and 1850 the covered wagons of emigrants to California "were hardly ever out of sight at Arrow Rock." Several Arrow Rock residents continued to be involved in the Santa Fe trade as late as the beginning of the Civil War, 1861.

The town was founded in June 1829 and originally called "Philadelphia". Some documents refer to it as "New Philadelphia". However, in 1833 the state legislature changed the name because the locale was better known as 'Arrow Rock'. Joseph Huston, one of the town commissioners, built a two-story brick building in 1834. Due to Arrow Rock's location on the Missouri River and along the Santa Fe Trail, travelers undoubtedly asked Huston for overnight accommodations. He began building frame or log additions to the brick building and by 1840 was widely known as a hotel-keeper. The J. Huston Tavern also housed a store and a ballroom used for dances and a meeting hall. As the building passed to other owners, it became known as the Neill House, Scripture House, City Hotel and Old Tavern. The J. Huston Tavern houses the oldest continuously operating restaurant west of the Mississippi and is today operated by the Missouri Division of State Parks in partnership with the Friends of Arrow Rock, Inc.

Settlers in the Arrow Rock area were predominantly migrants from the Upper South of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. They brought slaves and southern culture with them. The town developed as a thriving river port, exporting tobacco and hemp from plantations in the region. Hemp was the most important cash crop in Saline County. Before the Civil War, hemp was made into ropes and bags for baling cotton. Wheat, corn, beef, pork and mules were also shipped from Arrow Rock to supply the cotton districts of the Mississippi delta. The agricultural production of the Boonslick Country depended on slave labor just as cotton production did in the South. This symbiotic relationship led most residents of Arrow Rock and the Boonslick Country to support the South during the Civil War. Saline County and other Missouri counties with a high population of enslaved African Americans later became identified as “Little Dixie.” According to historian Dr. Christopher Phillips, Arrow Rock represented a unique blending of western frontier idealism and southern traditions.

During the town's early decades, it was the site of a slave market, and the auction block continued to stand on the river bluff in front of the J. Huston Tavern for many decades after the Emancipation Proclamation and the U.S. victory in the Civil War eradicated human enslavement. Because of the slave market's prominence, the large bend in the Missouri River below the town was known as "N***** Bend."

Arrow Rock's population peaked at 1,000 by 1860. Even as late as 1872, the town was considered one of the busiest river ports between St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri. During the Civil War there were no major battles in the area, but guerrilla raids and murders disrupted agricultural production and river commerce. Union militia enforced martial law on the town during most of the war. Town government conducted little business in 1861 and 1862 and did not convene at all from 1863 to 1865. The population began to decline after the war and railroads began supplanting steamboat commerce. Arrow Rock failed in its bids to secure a rail line and a bridge across the Missouri River. The rapid post war growth of urban areas such as Kansas City, St. Louis and Chicago began drawing away residents with the promise of better jobs. The town was swept by disastrous fires in 1864, 1872 and 1901. By the turn of the 20th century the population had declined to around 300.

Prior to the Civil War, Arrow Rock's black residents worked as household or domestic slaves or as laborers at the docks and business warehouses. Many were skilled tradesmen who were rented out by their masters to business contractors. Much of the town's infrastructure such as the massive stone gutters lining Main Street, were built by enslaved African-Americans. Following emancipation in 1865, Arrow Rock's African-American population grew as former plantation slaves moved into town. Gradually they were able to purchase their own homes, mostly on the north side of town. By 1880, 51% of the town's population was African-American. Owing to segregation of the time, they had to develop their own churches, schools and social institutions. The last black resident of the community died in 2009.

Arrow Rock's connection with the Santa Fe Trail led to national recognition by the Old Trails Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) in 1912. As DAR interest in the community grew, they persuaded the Missouri legislature to purchase and preserve the "Old Tavern" (J. Huston Tavern) in 1923. Acreage around the Tavern was purchased as a state park. This was the beginning of publicly funded historic preservation in Missouri and one of the first units of the new Missouri State Park system. The park grew to 169 acres, about a third of which lies within town boundaries. In 1976 the facilities designation was changed from park to historic site to better reflect its cultural mission.

The Friends of Arrow Rock, Inc., formed in 1959 to help preserve historic structures outside the state historic site boundary. They give guided tram tours of town from April though October and work closely with Arrow Rock State Historic in conducting education and interpretive programs about the village.

Town ordinances
December 23, 1847, Article 6 of Laws for Conducting Town Meetings; "It shall be the duty of all members of said Board of Trustees to be present at every meeting, and for failing so to do, shall forfeit and pay the sum of fifty cents, unless excused from said fine, upon a reasonable cause given for said absentee absence."

January 1849 “Be it ordained &c that any one guilty of fighting, or loud and boisterous quarrelling, or engaging in any mob, or making unusual noises, furious or violent riding within the corporation, upon conviction before a magistrate shall be fined in any sum not less than two dollars and fifty cents and not more than twenty dollars."

March 28, 1850 "It was resolved that Benjamin Hawpe be appointed Captain of Patrol and that William Parks, E. K. Chase & William H. McCowan be and are hereby appointed patrols for the Town of Arrow Rock for six months from date whose duty it shall be to guard the Town and prevent the unlawful meeting of Negroes and see that no Negro is out from home after nine o’clock at night without a pass and if so found shall be dealt with as the Law directs."

September 6, 1858, the Town Board ordained "...that any person guilty of firing or setting off fire works, fire crackers or throwing turpentine [lighting then throwing it in the air] and gass balls [explosive carbide] ...shall on conviction be fined not less than one or more than five dollars for each offense."

March 10, 1868 "Be it ordained from & after this date by the trustees of the corporation of the town of Arrow Rock that all and any Billiard Table within the corporate limits of this town, or within one half a mile of the same shall pay an annual tax of Ten Dollars, tax, the same due semiannually in advance." The board apparently felt their authority extended beyond the corporation limits.

June 2, 1871, the Town Board acting on a complaint from Mr. L. D. Lindsey ordered the Constable to suppress the game of croquet because the players "frequently indulge in profane and obscene language." The Board has never rescinded the order so modern day residents periodically will get up a game of "outlaw croquet" in town.

April 8, 1872, the Town Board “Ordered that the privy in rear of Levy Bros. Store be declared a nuisance, also D.D. Greens’ Cow-yard.”

Archaeology
Archaeologist Dr. Timothy E. Baumann McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of East Tennessee began conducting surveys in 1995 to explore African-American life and culture from the slavery period through emancipation and into the early 20th century. He has led teams in excavating several households, a schoolhouse, a church, and a Masonic Lodge that were part of Arrow Rock's African-American community. Dr. Baumann confirmed that the Masonic Lodge had been built over the site of the Caldwell Pottery Works, the third largest pottery works in Missouri during the 1850s and 1860s. Remains of a beehive kiln, outbuildings and thousands of shards of pottery and testing clay were uncovered. In 2005, the probable site of Sibley's trading house for the Osage was surveyed, although few remains were found due to the temporary nature of the post and subsequent agricultural activities on the grounds. Dr. Baumann continues to serve as a museum consultant for Friends of Arrow Rock, Inc. He has also excavated slave quarters at two neighboring plantation sites, Prairie Park and Oak Grove.

Several excavations have been carried out on state historic site property. Archaeologists from the University of Missouri have conducted several surveys and excavations on the grounds identifying the remains of a 19th-century mercantile store, the town's first public school and a livery stable. Larry Grantham and Brant Vollmann former archaeologists with the Missouri Division of State Parks have conducted limited excavations of a small 19th century store and the grounds around the Dr. Mathew W. Hall House and the J. Huston Tavern. Members of the Missouri Archaeological Society surface surveyed several empty town lots in 2016 and found evidence of 19th century businesses and warehouses. No evidence of a permanent Native American village has been located at Arrow Rock. However, evidence indicates the area had been a major manufacturing site for flint points dating back at least 10,000 years.

Arts
Arrow Rock's tradition in the arts has its roots in the residency of George Caleb Bingham. He began painting portraits of local residents in 1833. His earliest extant portraits are those of Dr. John Sappington and Jane B. Sappington done in 1834. These two portraits along with a second set of portraits of Dr. and Mrs. Sappington he completed in 1844 an 1875 portrait of James M. Piper, several original lithographic prints and Bingham family memorabilia are on display at the Arrow Rock State Historic Site Visitors’ Center Museum.

Jane Froman (1907–1980) was a popular singer and actress during the 1930s through 1950s. She had her own television show in the 1950s and was known for her charitable work with sick children. A native Missourian, she retired to Columbia Missouri. From 1969 through 1972 she did charitable work for a music camp to help children develop musical abilities. Established in the Old Schoolhouse of Arrow Rock, it was named as the Jane Froman Music Center. The center attracted nationally known artists to Arrow Rock for summer concerts and she performed Christmas concerts there. Although the music center closed in 1972, it gave impetus to development of other artistic venues in town.

The Arrow Rock Lyceum Theater was established in 1960 in the abandoned Baptist Church. Missouri's oldest repertory theater, the Lyceum now produces Broadway caliber musicals and plays from June through September with special holiday productions in December. Actors come from as far away as New York and California and audiences are drawn from across Missouri. A 408-seat auditorium was added in 1995 and the old church building itself now serves as the box office and concession area.

In 1973, a musical version of Mark Twain's "Tom Sawyer" was filmed here. The movie, Tom Sawyer, starred Johnny Whitaker as Tom, Jeff East as Huckleberry Finn, Celeste Holm as Aunt Polly, Warren Oates as Muff Potter and Jodie Foster in her third movie role, as Becky Thatcher. Many of the town's buildings and landscapes are recognizable in the film. The following year, Jeff East reprised his role in Huckleberry Finn which was partially filmed here. Paul Winfield co-starred as Jim and comedian Harvey Korman as The King. On July 4, 2007, the town also celebrated the 35th anniversary of the film. One hundred people participated in a parade and well over 2,000 spectators lined Main Street from the old schoolhouse to Second Street. Johnny Whitaker, Jeff East and Celeste Holm served as parade marshals and shared their fond memories of making the film with the crowd, and renewed acquaintances they had made with local residents during filming.

In addition to being the home of the Lyceum Theatre, Arrow Rock continues its tradition of supporting the arts by periodically hosting art and crafts shows and workshops and special concerts throughout the year. The second full weekend of each October the town hosts the Fall Heritage Festival hosting a wide variety of craftspeople, artisans, reenactors and musical entertainment.

Parks and public lands
Established in 1923, Arrow Rock State Historic Site is administered by the Missouri Division of State Parks. It was one of the first three units to come into the Missouri state park system. The 169 acre site overlooks the Missouri valley and encompasses about one-fourth of the village. The site contains a large visitor center/museum complex, four acre fishing lake, picnic area with a playground, 1 ½ miles of hiking trails and a 48 unit campground with modern amenities.

The state historic site is adjacent to the 1,871 acre Jameson Island Unit of the Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, administered by the United States Fish & Wildlife Service. Established in 1994 following the disastrous flood of 1993, the wetlands and waterways of the refuge provides critical habitat for endangered species such as pallid and lake sturgeon. The refuge also benefits numerous other wildlife species. The area has seen the resurgence in deer, turkey, beaver and otter populations. Species that were absent such as bobcats, Mississippi kites, bald eagles and pileated woodpeckers have returned in recent years. The refuge has minimal development and offers opportunities for hiking and bird watching. Hunting and fishing are also permitted in accordance with state regulations.

Historic properties
Arrow Rock State Historic Site and Arrow Rock Historic District
 * J. Huston Tavern (1834) Considered the signature building of Arrow Rock, the Federal-style brick architecture demonstrates the southern heritage of early settlers. In addition to dining facilities, several rooms are restored to their early appearance.
 * George Caleb Bingham House (1837) Noted artist George C. Bingham built this house in 1837. Bingham traveled extensively and was seldom in Arrow Rock for any lengthy period, but his family continued to occupy the house. He sold the house in 1845 but retained the deed until 1857.  The Bingham House has its own separate designation as a National Historic Landmark.
 * Dr. Mathew W. Hall House (1846) This Greek Revival style house was built by Dr. Hall a noted civic leader and physician.
 * Old Jail aka Calaboose (1873) A log jail was burned by an arsonist in 1872 and replaced with this stone arch vault jail.
 * Courthouse (1834) Log structure restored to represent the county courthouse of 1839-1840 when Arrow Rock was the Saline County seat of government.
 * Lawless House and Farmstead (1903) A turn of the century Queen Anne/Eastlake farm home sporting modern amenities such as carbide lights and a water pump in the kitchen.
 * Big Spring (1829) Burton Lawless granted free use of the spring to the town in 1829. Tradition states that early Santa Fe caravans watered their stock here before heading west.
 * Academy Boarding House (1829) The Arrow Rock Academy (no longer standing) was a private school incorporated in 1843 and students boarded in this two story log house.
 * WPA Shelter House (1936) The Works Progress Administration made improvements to parks during the Great Depression such as this stone picnic shelter.
 * WPA Gazebo (1936) The Gazebo functions as a small picnic shelter.

Friends of Arrow Rock
 * Log Cabin (1830) Originally located southwest of Arrow Rock, it was relocated here to save it from destruction.
 * Masonic Lodge Hall and Craft Shop (1868)  Arrow Rock Lodge No. 55 built the structure in 1868 and met on the second floor until 2009. Craft Club members have sold handmade items on the lower level since 1961.
 * Miller-Bradford House (1839) Sam Miller built this house then sold it to Dr. Charles Bradford, a grandson-in-law to Dr. Sappington. Restored in 1959 by Bill and Cora Lee Miller, it was the first private restoration in the village.
 * Christian Church (1872) Johnny and Nanny Sites donated property for this church. Now a restored museum, the church was the scene of Tom Sawyer's funeral in the 1972 film. The church is still used for weddings and receptions.
 * Brown's Chapel Free Will Baptist Church (1869) African-Americans built this church north of city limits. It served as the first school for African-Americans and in 1870 had 66 students.  Zack Bush used a team of mules to move the church to its current location in 1881.
 * Black History Museum/Brown Lodge (1881) Following emancipation, freed slaves moved into town and began purchasing their own homes and developed their own social institutions such as this Masonic Lodge. This was considered the most important of several fraternal lodges within the black community.
 * John P. Sites Gun Shop (1866) Sites learned gunsmithing from his father and moved to Arrow Rock in 1844. His first shop on Main Street was possibly destroyed by a guerrilla raid in 1864.  He moved to this location which is the only known functioning restoration of a 19th-century gunsmith's shop in the United States still in its original location.
 * John P. Sites House (1838) Sites purchased this house next to the gun shop in 1866 and by 1872 had raised the roof and made additions to it for his wife Nanny.
 * Dr. John Sappington Museum (1974) This modern Georgian style structure houses exhibits which interpret the life and medical contributions of Dr. Sappington.

Private
 * Arrow Rock Lyceum Theatre (1872) originally a Baptist church, since 1960 this professional repertory theater has been producing Broadway-caliber plays and musicals. A 408-seat auditorium was added to the rear of the building in 1993.
 * Boardwalk Storefronts (1902) Fires in 1872 and 1901 destroyed the original two story structures from the 1850s. The rebuilt single story stores now house a variety of antique and gift shops and post office.
 * Arrow Rock Cemetery (1849) Still an active cemetery, many names familiar in Arrow Rock history are found here.
 * Sanders A.H. Townsend House (1860) The Ancell Lumber Company of Arrow Rock was engaged by Saunders Townsend to build this Greek Revival house as a wedding present for his son Sanders.
 * Prairie Park (1849) This two and a half story mansion is one of the finest surviving examples of 19th century Greek Revival architecture in Missouri. It was built by William B. Sappington, businessman, farmer, banker and community leader.
 * Old Schoolhouse (1923) The white public school was built on this site in 1892 but burned in 1910. The second building burned in 1923 and was replaced with the current structure.  The school closed due to consolidation in 1954. The building now houses village government offices and the Stolberg-Jackson Community Center.
 * Federated Church (1852) Originally the Methodist Episcopal Church, this church still has an active congregation.
 * Zion Church (1870) The congregation is no longer active and the building now serves as the Masonic Lodge Hall No. 55
 * African Public School (1948) The black school was first built in 1892 from materials salvaged from the white public school when it was torn down and moved. The black school burned down and was rebuilt as brick in 1939, burned again and was rebuilt in 1948. Schools were integrated by 1956 and the African school became a private residence which it is today.

Reference sources

 * 1881, History of Saline County, Missouri Historical Company, St. Louis Missouri 999 pages
 * 1904, Past and Present of Saline County, Missouri by William Barclay Napton, B.F. Bowen & Co. Indianapolis and Chicago. 975 pages
 * 1914, Along the Old Trail Vol. I Pioneer Sketches of Arrow Rock and Vicinity by Thomas C. Rainey, published by the Marshall Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, Marshall MO. 94 pages
 * 1937, Westward With Dragoons: the Journal of William Clark on His Expedition to Establish Fort Osage, August 25 to September 22, 1808, edited by Kate Gregg, Published by The Ovid Bell Press, Fulton, MO. 104 pages
 * 1959, Arrow Rock, Missouri, The Bulletin Missouri Historical Society, Volume 15, Number 3  by Charles van Ravenswaay, Published by Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis MO.  21 pages
 * 1968, Missouri's National Historic Landmarks, Village of Arrow Rock & George Caleb Bingham by Dorothy Caldwell, Friends of Arrow Rock, Inc., reprint from Missouri Historical Review, Volume 61 Issue 4, July 1967. 13 pages
 * 1972, Arrow Rock: Where Wheels Started West by Jean Tyree Hamilton, Friends of Arrow Rock Inc., Arrow Rock MO. 63 pages
 * 1975, Dr. John Sappington of Saline County, Missouri 1776-1856 by Thomas Hall, Friends of Arrow Rock Inc., Arrow Rock Missouri. 32 pages
 * 1981, Arrow Rock 20th Century Frontier Town, edited by Marcia Prouse, University of Missouri School of Journalism, Columbia Missouri. 203 pages
 * 2000, African-American Archaeology: A Missouri Perspective by Timothy Baumann, The Missouri Archaeologist 59:39-98.
 * 2000, Missouri's Confederate: Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Creation of Southern Identity in the Border West by Christopher Phillips, University of Missouri Press, Columbia Missouri, 350 pages
 * 2001, Because That's Where My Roots Are; Searching for Patterns of African-American Ethnicity in Arrow Rock, Missouri. Timothy Baumann Ph.D. dissertation University of Tennessee-Knoxville.
 * 2004, Arrow Rock: Crossroads of the Missouri Frontier by Michael E. Dickey, Friends of Arrow Rock Inc., Arrow Rock Missouri. 300 pages
 * 2005, Historical Archaeology in Arrow Rock, Missouri by Timothy Baumann, The Missouri Archaeologist 66:19-39.
 * 2005, Arrow Rock Story of a Missouri Village, by Authorine Wilson Phillips, University of Missouri Press, Columbia Missouri. 184 pages
 * 2008, Arrow Rock Where the Past is Future, edited by Abigail Pheiffer, University of Missouri Press, Columbia Missouri. 223 pages
 * 2011, A Historical Perspective of Civic Engagement and Interpreting Cultural Diversity in Arrow Rock, Missouri by Timothy Baumann, Historical Archaeology 45(1):114-134
 * 2012, Arrow Rock Images, by Sandy Selby and Thomas Hall III, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston South Carolina. 128 pages

title: Arrow Rock, Missouri


text:
Gilliam, Missouri

Gilliam is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 197 at the 2010 census.

History
Gilliam was platted in 1878. The community was named after a local farmer and landowner, W. T. Gilliam. And his brother Fayette Henry Gilliam. The Gilliam has been in operation since 1879.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.25 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 197 people, 87 households, and 46 families living in the city. The population density was 788.0 PD/sqmi. There were 101 housing units at an average density of 404.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.9% White, 3.0% African American, 0.5% Native American, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 87 households, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.1% were non-families. 41.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 34.3 years. 26.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 30.6% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.8% male and 45.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 229 people, 103 households, and 55 families living in the town. The population density was 915.0 PD/sqmi. There were 118 housing units at an average density of 471.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.32% White, 3.93% African American, 0.44% Asian, and 1.31% from two or more races.

There were 103 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,813, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $25,938 versus $13,864 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,120. About 16.7% of families and 17.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 15.9% of those 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gilliam, Missouri


text:
Grand Pass, Missouri

Grand Pass is a village in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 66 at the 2010 census.

History
Grand Pass was named from the Great Osage Trail that passed through the town.

In 1943, German and Italian prisoners of World War II were brought to Missouri and other Midwest states as a means of solving the labor shortage caused by American men serving in the war effort. Camp Funston at Fort Riley established 12 smaller branch camps, including Grand Pass.

The Gumbo Point Archeological Site and Santa Fe Trail-Grand Pass Trail Segments are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.11 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 66 people, 26 households, and 19 families living in the village. The population density was 600.0 PD/sqmi. There were 29 housing units at an average density of 263.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 26 households, of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the village was 42 years. 30.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.7% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 53 people, 23 households, and 16 families living in the village. The population density was 499.3 PD/sqmi. There were 25 housing units at an average density of 235.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 83.02% White, 16.98% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.98% of the population.

There were 23 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.6% were married couples living together, and 30.4% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 18.9% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 24.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $40,313, and the median income for a family was $48,125. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $16,667 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,089. There were 5.9% of families and 9.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 38.9% of those over 64.

title: Grand Pass, Missouri


text:
Malta Bend, Missouri

Malta Bend is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 250 at the 2010 census.

History
Malta Bend was platted in 1867. The community was named after a nearby meander on the Missouri River where steamer Malta sank. A post office called Malta Bend has been in operation since 1860.

The Henry Blosser House and Plattner Archeological Site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.25 sqmi, all land.

The land is surrounded on three sides by the Missouri River. The average alluvial soil depth (top soil) is 25 ft.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 250 people, 98 households, and 69 families living in the city. The population density was 1000.0 PD/sqmi. There were 110 housing units at an average density of 440.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.4% White, 1.2% African American, 1.6% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 98 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.6% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 39.6 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 27.2% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 249 people, 93 households, and 66 families living in the town. The population density was 948.8 PD/sqmi. There were 104 housing units at an average density of 396.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.99% White, 1.61% African American, and 0.40% from two or more races.

There were 93 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the town the population was spread out, with 34.1% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 112.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,250, and the median income for a family was $34,063. Males had a median income of $28,611 versus $21,563 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,403. About 13.3% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 4.7% of those 65 or over.

title: Malta Bend, Missouri


text:
Marshall, Missouri

Marshall is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 13,065 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Saline County. The Marshall Micropolitan Statistical Area consists of Saline County. It is home to Missouri Valley College.

History
Sixty-five acres of land for the city of Marshall was donated by Jeremiah O’Dell, deeded on April 13, 1839. It was named for the United States Supreme Court Chief Justice, John Marshall, when chosen for the county seat. After the first two courthouses in Marshall were lost to fires, the Saline County Courthouse was constructed in January 1882; it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The courthouse is an enduring landmark in the center of the Marshall Square, and a legacy of Nineteenth-Century architecture.

The Nicholas-Beazley Airplane Company was an American aircraft manufacturer headquartered in Marshall in the 1920s and 1930s. At its peak, the company produced as many as one aircraft per day. In 1937, production of aircraft ceased, due to economic pressures from the Great Depression. Today, the Nicholas Beazley Aviation Museum is located at the Marshall Airport, with artifacts of interest from aviation history. ConAgra Foods owns the property of the old Nicholas-Beazley Airplane Company factory building, located right off the Marshall square; the factory building was torn down in the summer of 2015 to expand the ConAgra plant.

Marshall is rich in music history. Marshall is the home of Bob James, the acclaimed jazz musician; the Foothills Fest Music Festival; The Marshall Municipal Band; and, notably, the Marshall Philharmonic Orchestra. The Orchestra performs every year for the public, free of charge, and has been featured in the Los Angeles Times in 2006 and on NBC's American Almanac in December 1985, among other media outlets. The Philharmonic Orchestra has been performing for 52 years and counting. The Municipal Band has been performing for nearly 100 years and usually performs on the Courthouse lawn every Thursday evening during the summer months, filling the town square with music.

Marshall is also home to Jim the Wonder Dog. Jim earned his reputation as a 'wonder dog' during the 1930s, puzzling psychologists from both Washington University in St. Louis and University of Missouri. Dr. A. J. Durant, director of the School of Veterinary Medicine, tested Jim's abilities in a public demonstration. He concluded that Jim, "possessed an occult power that might never come again to a dog in many generations." Jim seemed to have the ability to guess the sex of an unborn baby and answer to orders in many different languages even though his owner, Sam Van Arsdale, spoke only English. Jim the Wonder Dog picked the winner of the Kentucky Derby seven years in a row, and also predicted the Yankees' victory in the 1936 World Series. A joint session of the Missouri Legislature was called in order to witness the talents of Jim. He died March 18, 1937.

During the Civil War, Marshall was garrisoned by Union Troops. Although Marshall was strategically unimportant, the town was the victim of two Confederate raids and the site of the October 13, 1863 Battle of Marshall, the climax of Colonel J. O. Shelby's 1863 "Great Raid". Confronted by a larger force of 1,800 Federal troops and Missouri State Militia, Shelby broke through, divided his command and withdrew from Missouri. d.

Missouri Valley College was founded in Marshall in 1889. The history of Missouri Valley College began during a conference at Sarcoxie, Missouri, on October 27, 1874, where the representatives of the several Presbyterian synods in the state of Missouri met to discuss founding the school. The school was affiliated with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church for a long period.

The college's original building, Baity Hall, was built in 1889, the year of the college's founding, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Victorian Era building is notable for its beautiful wooden staircase, vaulted wooden ceilings, and stained glass windows. Missouri Valley College is a private, four-year liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA). The 150-acre (60.7 ha) campus is found within the city limits of Marshall. The college supports 27 academic majors and an enrollment close to 1,800 students. Missouri Valley College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, a Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

In addition to Baity Hall, the Chicago and Alton Depot, First Presbyterian Church, Fitzgibbon Hospital, Free Will Baptist Church of Pennytown, Mt. Carmel Historic District, Saline County Courthouse, Utz Site, Van Meter State Park Combination Building, and Van Meter State Park Shelter Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.28 sqmi, of which 10.22 sqmi is land and 0.06 sqmi is water.

Climate
Marshall has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa).

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 13,806 people, 4,373 households, and 2,521 families in Marshall. The population density was 1,364.2 per square mile (526.5/km$2$). There were 5,229 housing units at an average density of 516.7 per square mile (199.4/km$2$). The racial makeup was 66.99% (9,248) white, 7.05% (974) black or African-American, 0.51% (71) Native American, 1.09% (150) Asian, 2.92% (403) Pacific Islander, 12.6% (1,739) from other races, and 8.84% (1,221) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 17.2% (2,228) of the population.

Of the 4,373 households, 20.7% had children under the age of 18; 40.9% were married couples living together; 30.6% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 35.9% consisted of individuals and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.6.

21.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 14.5% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 93.5 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $44,076 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,147) and the median family income was $61,086 (+/- $3,178). Males had a median income of $28,378 (+/- $2,408) versus $23,972 (+/- $2,824) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $26,055 (+/- $1,879). Approximately, 12.4% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.1% of those under the age of 18 and 14.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 13,065 people, 4,741 households, and 2,946 families living in the city. The population density was 1278.4 PD/sqmi. There were 5,276 housing units at an average density of 516.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 79.2% White, 7.8% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 1.2% Pacific Islander, 7.7% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.2% of the population.

There were 4,741 households, of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.9% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 32.9 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 15.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 22.8% were from 45 to 64; and 14.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, with a population of 12,433, showed 4,732 households, and 2,985 families living in the city. The population density was 1,225.4 PD/sqmi. There were 5,127 housing units at an average density of 505.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.05% White, 7.40% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.34% Pacific Islander, 3.46% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.17% of the population.

There were 4,732 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,649, and the median income for a family was $36,686. Males had a median income of $26,556 versus $19,688 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,646. About 12.5% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.6% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

Censorship debate
In October 2006, a resident of Marshall attempted to have the graphic novels Fun Home, by Alison Bechdel, and Blankets, by Craig Thompson, removed from the Marshall Public Library. Supporters of the books' removal characterized them as "pornography" and expressed concern that they would be read by children. Marshall Public Library Director Amy Crump defended the books as having been well-reviewed in "reputable, professional book review journals," and characterized the removal attempt as a step towards "the slippery slope of censorship". On October 11, 2006, the Marshall Public Library Board of Trustees appointed a committee to create a materials selection policy, and removed Fun Home and Blankets from circulation until the new policy was approved. On March 14, 2007, the board voted to return both Fun Home and Blankets to the library's shelves.

Education
The Marshall Public School District serves Marshall in K-12 education. Missouri Valley College is located in Marshall.

Marshall has a lending library, the Marshall Public Library.

Notable people

 * Walt Housman, American football player
 * Bob James, jazz musician
 * Noble Johnson, actor
 * Chelsea Liu, figure skater (pairs)
 * Robert Pearson McChesney, artist
 * Doc Quigg, journalist
 * Twila Tanner, contestant on Survivor: Vanuatu

Notable animal

 * Jim the Wonder Dog - Noted hunting dog with a park in town named for him.

title: Marshall, Missouri


text:
Miami, Missouri

Miami is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 175 at the 2010 census.

History
Miami was originally called Greenville, under which name it was platted in 1838. A post office called Miami has been in operation since 1838. The present name is after the Miami Indians.

The Fisher-Gabbert Archeological Site, Guthrey Archeological Site, and Old Fort are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Miami is located at 39.32246°N, -93.22493°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.63 sqmi, of which 0.56 sqmi is land and 0.07 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 175 people, 60 households, and 46 families living in the city. The population density was 312.5 PD/sqmi. There were 73 housing units at an average density of 130.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.7% White, 0.6% African American, 0.6% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 60 households, of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.3% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.37.

The median age in the city was 39.3 years. 27.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 31.4% were from 45 to 64; and 12% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 160 people, 58 households, and 40 families living in the city. The population density was 285.2 PD/sqmi. There were 68 housing units at an average density of 121.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.88% White, 0.62% African American, 1.88% Native American, 0.62% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.75% of the population.

There were 58 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the city the population was spread out, with 32.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,750, and the median income for a family was $36,042. Males had a median income of $27,000 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,055. About 20.5% of families and 26.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

title: Miami, Missouri


text:
Mount Leonard, Missouri

Mount Leonard is a town in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 87 at the 2010 census.

History
Mount Leonard was platted in 1877, and named after Abiel Leonard, the original owner of the town site. A post office called Mount Leonard was established in 1878, and remained in operation until 1957.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.10 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 87 people, 30 households, and 24 families living in the village. The population density was 870.0 PD/sqmi. There were 33 housing units at an average density of 330.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 83.9% White, 1.1% African American, 1.1% Asian, and 13.8% from two or more races.

There were 30 households, of which 43.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 20.0% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.29.

The median age in the village was 38.3 years. 34.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 52.9% male and 47.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 123 people, 38 households, and 31 families living in the town. The population density was 1,215.0 PD/sqmi. There were 44 housing units at an average density of 434.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.31% White, 2.44% African American, 0.81% Native American, and 2.44% from two or more races.

There were 38 households, out of which 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.4% were non-families. 15.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.48.

In the town the population was spread out, with 36.6% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $20,833, and the median income for a family was $18,750. Males had a median income of $18,125 versus $13,906 for females. The per capita income for the town was $7,405. There were 46.2% of families and 48.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 69.1% of under eighteens and 18.8% of those over 64.

title: Mount Leonard, Missouri


text:
Nelson, Missouri

Nelson is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 152 at the 2020 census.

History
Nelson was platted in 1887, and named after the Nelson family, the original owners of the town site. A post office called Nelson was in operation from 1887 until 2011.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.33 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 152 people, 74 households, and 62 families living in the city. The population density was 460.0 PD/sqmi. There were 74 housing units at an average density of 224.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.4% White, 2.0% African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.3% Asian, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 64 households, of which 43.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 0.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.3% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 38.6 years. 9.3% of residents were under the age of 5; 26.5% were under the age of 18; 73.5% were 18 years of age or older; and 16.7% were 65 years of age or older.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 192 people, 78 households, and 51 families living in the city. The population density was 581.8 PD/sqmi. There were 91 housing units at an average density of 275.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.7% White, 3.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 78 households, of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 26% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 32.9% were from 45 to 64; and 9.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 212 people, 83 households, and 58 families living in the city. The population density was 640.5 PD/sqmi. There were 100 housing units at an average density of 302.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.40% White, 6.13% African American, and 0.47% from two or more races.

There were 83 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,214, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $24,219 versus $16,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,886. About 6.3% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.5% of those 65 or over.

title: Nelson, Missouri


text:
Slater, Missouri

Slater is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,856 at the 2010 census.

History
Slater was laid out in 1889. A post office called Slater has been in operation since 1878. The community has the name of John F. Slater, a railroad official.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.44 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
In accordance to the World Population Review, in  2024, the number is estimated to have dropped to 1,770 people, with a median age of 36.7 years. The female population is at 925 while the male population is at 1,062.

The average income household income is $49,449 with a poverty rate of 21.2%.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,856 people, 785 households, and 469 families living in the city. The population density was 1288.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,003 housing units at an average density of 696.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.1% White, 6.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 1.2% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 785 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 43 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.1% were from 25 to 44; 27.5% were from 45 to 64; and 20.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,083 people, 895 households, and 539 families living in the city. The population density was 1,439.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,072 housing units at an average density of 740.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.04% White, 9.60% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 1.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.63% of the population.

There were 895 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,270, and the median income for a family was $36,281. Males had a median income of $25,969 versus $18,526 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,863. About 13.5% of families and 18.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public education in Slater is administered by Slater School District. As of 2019, the district is falling behind state standards in multiple educational categories.

Slater has a lending library, the Slater Public Library.

Media
Slater has a weekly newspaper, the Slater Main Street News, formerly called the Slater News-Rustler. The News-Rustler proved to be a unique name among community newspapers, though that was not the intention. The town previously had two weeklies, The News and The Rustler, published on different days of the week. After the town's population peaked, then declined, in the first half of the 20th century, the two publications merged, creating the unusual name.

Notable natives and residents

 * Joe Kleine - member of the gold medal 1984 U.S. Olympic basketball team; 15-year NBA career
 * Felice Lyne (1887–1935) - born in Slater; one of the great international opera singers of the early twentieth century
 * Steve McQueen - actor; lived on Thomson Lane periodically during his childhood; attended Orearville Elementary School

title: Slater, Missouri


text:
Sweet Springs, Missouri

Sweet Springs is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States, along the Blackwater River. The population was 1,484 at the 2010 census.

History
Sweet Springs was originally named "Brownsville", and under the latter name was platted in 1838. A post office called Sweet Springs has been in operation since 1849. The present name is after a mineral spring near the original town site. On April 19, 1882, a tornado destroyed much of Sweet Springs, killing 11 people and injuring 100. The First Christian Church and Sweet Springs Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Sweet Springs is situated at the intersection of Interstate 70 and Route 127.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.68 sqmi, of which 1.66 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,484 people, 575 households, and 368 families living in the city. The population density was 894.0 PD/sqmi. There were 688 housing units at an average density of 414.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.3% White, 1.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 575 households, of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.0% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 42.4 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 29.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,628 people, 612 households, and 417 families living in the city. The population density was 1,004.3 PD/sqmi. There were 717 housing units at an average density of 442.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.76% White, 1.29% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 2.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.

There were 612 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,819, and the median income for a family was $41,563. Males had a median income of $28,942 versus $19,318 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,126. About 6.2% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
Sweet Springs has a typical temperate climate. As with most continental climates, the area has four seasons. Springs here are noted for their rainy days and variable temperatures. Thunderstorms are common and tornadoes occur during this time of year. Summers are usually hot and dry, with droughts occurring during several summers. Autumns are usually cool and rainy, although several days of warm weather are not uncommon. Winters are generally cold, with accumulating snow several days of the winter season. Although not as common, ice storms can and do occur as well.

Education
Public education in Sweet Springs is administered by Sweet Springs R-VII School District.

Sweet Springs has a public library, the Sweet Springs Public Library.

Notable people

 * Pat Collins, catcher for 1927 New York Yankees
 * Dorsey W. Shackleford, politician

title: Sweet Springs, Missouri


text:
Downing, Missouri

Downing is a city in Schuyler County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 300. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Although not being laid out as a town until 1872, the Downing area was one of the earliest settled areas of Schuyler County, with Henry Downing building a home and claiming land a few miles south of the area circa 1837. It was also near present-day Downing that the first school in the county was established. In the spring of 1841, a crude log cabin was built for use as a school near Henry Downing's home and Miss Esther Hathaway was employed as a teacher. One of the early names for the unincorporated settlement was Cherry Grove.

During the Civil War, on July 1, 1862, a small skirmish took place near Cherry Grove. Cavalry from the second battalion, Eleventh Missouri State Militia, a pro-Union force, engaged a small number of Confederate troops under Colonel Joseph C. Porter. Porter's outnumbered forces were defeated, with four killed and several men and horses captured. The Union forces had one man badly injured, who would die a few days later. At the time of the skirmish, Porter was heavily involved in recruiting men in northeast Missouri for the Confederate cause. The following month, he would suffer a larger defeat some twenty-five miles southwest at the Battle of Kirksville.

In September 1872, the Missouri Town Company created the original town plat, naming it for the president of the company, H. H. Downing. Land for the town, the railroad right of way, and depot were donated by James Prime, and the Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska Railway constructed the depot in April, 1872. By the late 1880s, the Downing business district included four general stores, two drug stores, two grocers, two hardware stores, a restaurant, blacksmith, and two hotels. Manufacturing included two handle factories, a wagon maker, a hoop factory, a harness and saddle maker, and two combination saw/grist mills. Downing had two tobacco-buying warehouses in the late 1800s, with both reporting extensive business. At its peak in 1902, over 155,000 pounds of tobacco were dealt through the Downing warehouses. The town's location on the Keokuk & Western railroad provided opportunity for the convenient shipment of goods, crops, and livestock from the Downing area.

The Downing Railroad Depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and now serves as a museum. The depot was moved approximately one-quarter mile from its original trackside location and now serves as the centerpiece of a city park with other nearby buildings, including the former Downing jail.

Geography
Downing is located at 40.48778°N, -92.36806°W (40.487682, -92.368022).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.67 sqmi, of which 0.66 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 335 people, 160 households, and 90 families residing in the city. The population density was 507.6 PD/sqmi. There were 195 housing units at an average density of 295.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.6% White, 0.3% Asian, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 160 households, of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 44.8 years. 20% of residents were under the age of 18; 10% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.3% were from 45 to 64; and 22.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 396 people, 176 households, and 99 families residing in the city. The population density was 595.4 PD/sqmi. There were 210 housing units at an average density of 315.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.96% White, 0.25% Native American, 1.26% from other races, and 2.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.27% of the population.

There were 176 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $18,864, and the median income for a family was $26,875. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,626. About 19.8% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 19.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Downing, Missouri


text:
Glenwood, Missouri

Glenwood is a village in Schuyler County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 181. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The town of Glenwood was laid out by Alexander and Stiles Forsha in November 1868 with the plat consisting of a town square and forty-four other blocks. The first home had been built in the town the previous month by John B. Glaze. By 1869, a schoolhouse had been constructed as well as a two-story block of brick buildings with room for four businesses. Being at the crossing point of two railroads, the St. Louis, Kansas City & Nebraska Railroad and the Keokuk & Western railway, Glenwood saw rapid early growth. By 1873, the town included a large woolen factory, a flour mill, foundry, machine shop, wagon factory and a multitude of other businesses. The Glenwood Citerion newspaper began publication in 1870 and Logan's Bank, the town's first, was established in 1875. On July 26, 2011, the United States Postal Service announced plans to permanently close the Glenwood post office as part of a nationwide restructuring plan.

Notable person

 * James Ward Rector, (1903 - 1979), Wisconsin Supreme Court jurist; born in Glenwood.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.74 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 196 people, 89 households, and 52 families residing in the village. The population density was 264.9 PD/sqmi. There were 98 housing units at an average density of 132.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.5% White and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 89 households, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.6% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the village was 47.7 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.9% were from 25 to 44; 34.6% were from 45 to 64; and 20.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 203 people, 74 households, and 56 families residing in the village. The population density was 275.8 PD/sqmi. There were 93 housing units at an average density of 126.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.51% White and 0.49% Native American.

There were 74 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.3% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 32.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $34,250. Males had a median income of $29,063 versus $25,313 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,356. About 11.8% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 5.4% of those 65 or over.

title: Glenwood, Missouri


text:
Lancaster, Missouri

Lancaster is a city in Schuyler County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 675. It is the county seat of Schuyler County.

Lancaster is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A post office called Lancaster has been in operation since 1846. According to one tradition, the community was named after Lancaster, Ohio, the former home of a first settler.

The William P. Hall House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Geography
Lancaster is located at 40.52417°N, -92.52917°W (40.524087, -92.529190). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.50 sqmi, of which 1.49 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 728 people, 326 households, and 187 families living in the city. The population density was 488.6 PD/sqmi. There were 367 housing units at an average density of 246.3 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 98.2% White, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7%.

Of the 326 households 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.6% were non-families. 38.0% of households were one person and 20.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age was 38.3 years. 26.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.9% were from 45 to 64; and 20.2% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.4% male and 53.6% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 737 people, 319 households, and 203 families living in the city. The population density was 494.7 PD/sqmi. There were 370 housing units at an average density of 248.4 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 99.46% White, 0.14% Native American, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41%.

Of the 319 households 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 33.5% of households were one person and 21.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.93.

The age distribution was 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.4 males.

The median household income was $27,202 and the median family income was $37,083. Males had a median income of $28,889 versus $19,063 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,263. About 13.8% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Lancaster has a public library, the Schuyler County Library District.

Notable people

 * William Preston Hall (aka "the Colonel," "Diamond Billy," "Horse King of the World") (February 29, 1864 – June 29, 1932) Circus impresario, dealer in exotic animals, horses, and mules.
 * Howard R. Hughes Sr., co-founder of the Hughes Tool Company and father of Howard Robard Hughes Jr., the reclusive multi-millionaire.
 * Rupert Hughes, well known novelist and Oscar-winning screenwriter. Brother of Howard Hughes Sr. and uncle of Howard Hughes, Jr.
 * Isabel Grimes Richey (1858–1910), writer

title: Lancaster, Missouri


text:
Queen City, Missouri

For the place nicknamed "the Queen City of the Ozarks", see Springfield, Missouri. Queen City is a city in Schuyler County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 562. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Queen City was laid out in May, 1867 by Doctor George W. Wilson and consisted of a town square surrounded by fifteen other blocks. He chose the name in the hope the town would become "the Queen of the prairies." Dr. Wilson also constructed the first home in the new town, while Henry Bartlett is responsible for building the towns's first hotel. By 1888 Queen City offered a considerable business district—five general stores, two grocers, two hardware stores, two hotels, jewelry store, lumber yard, photography gallery, music store, and barber shop were just some of the businesses serving the community and surrounding farms. Being located along the railroad, it provided a fine shipping point for large numbers of railroad ties and other lumber products harvested from heavily wooded areas along the Chariton River several miles to the west. Grain, livestock and some quantities of wool were also shipped by rail from the town. Queen City's first newspaper The Transcript was established in November, 1887 by D.G. Swan.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.03 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 598 people, 256 households, and 143 families residing in the city. The population density was 580.6 PD/sqmi. There were 311 housing units at an average density of 301.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.0% White, 0.5% Native American, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 256 households, of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.1% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the city was 45.7 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.9% were from 45 to 64; and 27.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.8% male and 54.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 638 people, 273 households, and 173 families residing in the city. The population density was 621.8 PD/sqmi. There were 321 housing units at an average density of 312.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.12% White, 0.78% Native American, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.41% of the population.

There were 273 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.66.

In the city the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 28.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,875, and the median income for a family was $30,703. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $18,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,928. About 11.3% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 25.2% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Farrell Dobbs (1907–1983), Trotskyist, trade unionist and Socialist Workers Party candidate for U.S. President
 * Glenn Frank (1887-1940), educator

title: Queen City, Missouri


text:
Arbela, Missouri

Arbela is a village in Scotland County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 24.

History
Arbela was originally named "North Perryville", and under the latter name was platted in 1858. With the coming of the Keokuk & Western Railroad some years later, the town was resurveyed and the present name chosen.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.09 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 41 people, 20 households, and 13 families living in the village. The population density was 455.6 PD/sqmi. There were 25 housing units at an average density of 277.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.6% White and 2.4% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 20 households, of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.23.

The median age in the village was 49.5 years. 17.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 39.1% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.3% male and 53.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 40 people, 17 households, and 13 families living in the town. The population density was 451.1 PD/sqmi. There were 20 housing units at an average density of 225.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.00% White.

There were 17 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, and 41.2% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 37.5% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 150.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $21,667 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,853. None of the families and 33.5% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Arbela, Missouri


text:
Rutledge, Missouri

Rutledge is a village in Scotland County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 86.

The surrounding area is also the home to three intentional communities: Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, a growing ecovillage on 280 acre of rolling land, Sandhill Farm in unincorporated Sand Hill, Missouri, and Red Earth Farms.

A post office called Rutledge has been in operation since 1888. The community has the name of one Mr. Rutledge, a land agent.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.13 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 109 people, 38 households, and 23 families residing in the village. The population density was 838.5 PD/sqmi. There were 69 housing units at an average density of 530.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 38 households, of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, and 39.5% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.83.

The median age in the village was 33.5 years. 35.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 17.4% were from 45 to 64; and 20.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 45.0% male and 55.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 103 people, 41 households, and 25 families residing in the town. The population density was 797.0 PD/sqmi. There were 72 housing units at an average density of 557.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.00% White.

There were 41 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.38.

In the town the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $14,063, and the median income for a family was $17,500. Males had a median income of $11,667 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,545. There were 25.0% of families and 43.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including 93.8% of under eighteens and 13.6% of those over 64.

Transportation
Amtrak’s Southwest Chief, which operates between Los Angeles and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in La Plata, 43 mi to the southwest.

title: Rutledge, Missouri


text:
South Gorin, Missouri

South Gorin is a city located in Scotland County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 62. The original name of the city was simply "Gorin", and it was changed. The official name for the post office in South Gorin is still Gorin.

History
Gorin was founded in 1857 and is named for Reverend M.G. Gorin and Major J.H.M. Gorin, both early settlers to the area. The town primarily owes its growth to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, which was finishing construction in the area in the 1880s. A depot was built in the fledgling town, which began to experience steady growth. By 1913 it had grown to be Scotland County's second-largest town. The business community featured two banks, two hotels, multiple grocery drug, and hardware stores along with restaurants, a farm implement dealer and factory manufacturing wagons and buggies. A weekly newspaper, the Gorin Argus was also published for several years. The Prairie Oil & Gas Company, a division of Standard Oil, built a pumping station for their cross-country pipeline also. A new school building was built in Gorin in 1907 for elementary through tenth grade students and continued in use for many decades before consolidation with the Scotland County R-1 school district.

Geography
South Gorin is located in southeast Scotland County at the intersection of Missouri Routes A and U approximately two miles northeast of the North Fabius River. Memphis lies ten miles to the northwest, Rutledge is 4.5 miles to the southwest and Wyaconda is five miles to the northeast in adjacent Clark County. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad passes through the town.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.20 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 91 people, 44 households, and 25 families residing in the city. The population density was 455.0 PD/sqmi. There were 65 housing units at an average density of 325.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 44 households, of which 18.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2% were non-families. 40.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 50.3 years. 15.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.4% were from 25 to 44; 30.8% were from 45 to 64; and 26.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.7% male and 47.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 143 people, 55 households and 32 families residing in the town. The population density was 711.0 PD/sqmi. There were 80 housing units at an average density of 397.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.30% White, 0.00% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 55 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.53.

In the town the population was spread out, with 37.1% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 13.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $25,795, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,365. 19.1% of the population and 14.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 25.7% of those under the age of 18 and 11.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Transportation
Amtrak’s Southwest Chief, which operates between Los Angeles and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in La Plata, 49 mi to the southwest.

Notable people

 * Ella Ewing Known as "The Missouri Giantess"; world's tallest woman in her era and lived in the Gorin area until her death in 1913.
 * Sedona Schnebly (1877 - 1950)- The City of Sedona, Arizona was named after her.

title: South Gorin, Missouri