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Centerville, Ohio

Centerville is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. A core suburb of Metro Dayton, its population was 24,240 as of the 2020 census.

Geography
Although the city is located primarily in Montgomery County, a small portion is located in Greene County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.85 sqmi, of which 10.78 sqmi is land and 0.07 sqmi is water.

Centerville and Washington Township voted November 4, 2008 on whether to create a merger commission. The proposed merger commission succeeded in the city but failed in the township.

History
In 1796, American explorer Benjamin Robbins founded Centerville, Ohio, naming it after his hometown of Centreville, New Jersey, due to its location between two rivers and its proximity to several other communities. Robbins and two of his brothers chose land in Centerville, with Robbins selecting 160 acres northwest of the town center because of the abundance of springs. During settlement, settlers discovered limestone in Centerville, leading to the replacement of many log cabins with more durable limestone structures. On April 6, 1797, Robbins's family arrived in Centerville from Dry Ridge, Kentucky after ten days of constructing a wagon road, and began assembling houses. Robbins established a log cabin for his family, but during occupancy, the roof was blown away during a storm. Robbins's son, Sam, became the cities first mayor. By 1820, Robbins added a second floor to the house and replaced the base with limestone. In 1803, one-room schoolhouses were established in Centerville, offering education from grades 1 to 6. Benjamin Robbins died on June 3, 1837, and was buried at the Sugar Creek Baptist Cemetery.

In 1900, the U.S. Post Office changed the town’s name from Centreville to Centerville. On December 2, 1968, Centerville became a city. In 1973, Centerville High School was established.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 23,999 people, 10,693 households, and 6,694 families living in the city. The population density was 2226.3 PD/sqmi. There were 11,421 housing units at an average density of 1059.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.2% White, 4.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 10,693 households, of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 46.9 years. 20.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 24.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.2% male and 53.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,024 people, 9,996 households, and 6,597 families living in the city. The population density was 2,257.2 PD/sqmi. There were 10,422 housing units at an average density of 1,021.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.33% White, 2.94% African American, 0.13% Native American, 3.17% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 9,996 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $54,892, and the median income for a family was $68,580. Males had a median income of $52,331 versus $34,881 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,210. About 3.4% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
Centerville has the largest collection of early stone houses in the state of Ohio. Many are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

The Town Hall Theatre is located in downtown Centerville.

The Heart of Centerville features a selection of boutiques, restaurants and businesses in a historic setting which includes Ohio's largest collection of early stone buildings.

Education
Centerville Public Schools are part of the Centerville City School District. The district has a preschool which is located in each of the two elementary schools teaching kindergarten to first grade. The district also has six elementary schools teaching second through fifth grade, three middle schools teaching sixth through eight grade, as well as one high school and an alternative high school.

The other public schools in this district include:
 * Centerville Primary Village North
 * Centerville Primary Village South (2007)
 * Normandy Elementary School (1963)
 * Stingley Elementary School
 * Driscoll Elementary School
 * Weller Elementary
 * W.O. Cline Elementary School (1955)
 * John Hole Elementary School
 * C.W. Magsig Middle School (1924)
 * Hadley E. Watts Middle School (1969)
 * Tower Heights Middle School
 * Centerville School of Possibilities
 * Centerville High School (1973)

There is also one Catholic K-8 School and a Seventh-day Adventist Pre-12 Preparatory School serving the city.

Washington-Centerville Public Library offers residents access to more than 380,000 books, audios, movies, and music as well as educational programs, community services, and research assistance for youth and adults.

Notable people

 * Hannah Beachler, Academy Award winner for production design
 * Michael Bennett, NFL defensive tackle for the Jacksonville Jaguars
 * Erma Bombeck, essayist
 * Stevie Brock, singer
 * Phil Donahue, talk show host
 * Nancy Dutiel, fashion and beauty model (Lancôme)
 * Claire Falknor, professional soccer player for the Houston Dash
 * Eric Fanning, was appointed 22nd Secretary of the Army by President Obama on May 18, 2016
 * Andy Harmon, former Philadelphia Eagles player
 * A. J. Hawk, former NFL linebacker for the Green Bay Packers, Atlanta Falcons, and Cincinnati Bengals
 * Kirk Herbstreit, played quarterback at Ohio State before becoming a sports analyst on the ESPN program College Gameday
 * Will Johnson, NFL fullback
 * Ben Judd, video game agent and producer
 * Pat Kilbane, comic actor, singer
 * Nate Leaman, American ice hockey coach
 * Holley Mangold, Olympic weightlifter and female football player
 * Nick Mangold, former offensive lineman for the New York Jets
 * Sean Murphy, baseball catcher for the Atlanta Braves
 * Mike Nugent, played football for Ohio State University, and the New York Jets and Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League
 * Ifeadi Odenigbo, Current defensive end for the Cleveland Browns
 * Chip Reese, poker player
 * Joe Thuney, Current offensive guard for the Kansas City Chiefs
 * Mike Tolbert, American football player

Sister cities
Centerville has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
 * 🇨🇦 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
 * 🇩🇪 Bad Zwischenahn, Lower Saxony, Germany

title: Centerville, Ohio


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Clayton, Ohio

Clayton is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,310 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Dayton, it is part of the Dayton metropolitan area.

The city was named after John Clayton, a War of 1812 veteran.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.60 sqmi, of which 18.51 sqmi is land and 0.09 sqmi is water.

In 1998, Clayton annexed the remainder of Montgomery County's Randolph Township.

History
Clayton was platted in 1816 and at that time was known as Salem. It suffered when the National Road bypassed it. In 1906 it became a stop on the Dayton Northern Traction Line. It became a city in 1998 through merger with the rest of Randolph Township, Montgomery County, Ohio.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 13,209 people, 5,118 households, and 3,766 families living in the city. The population density was 713.6 PD/sqmi. There were 5,423 housing units at an average density of 293.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 76.5% White, 18.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 5,118 households, of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.4% were non-families. Of all households, 22.7% were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 42.6 years. 23.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 32.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,347 people, 4,975 households, and 3,850 families living in the city. The population density was 723.7 PD/sqmi. There were 5,193 housing units at an average density of 281.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.14% White, 9.87% African American, 0.15% Native American, 1.45% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.

There were 4,975 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. Of all households, 19.2% were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $60,625, and the median income for a family was $67,250. Males had a median income of $45,569 versus $29,261 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,569. About 3.3% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Clayton is served by Montgomery County's Northmont City School District, which operates the following schools:

 * Northmont High School
 * Northmont Middle School
 * Englewood Elementary
 * Englewood Hills Elementary
 * Northmoor Elementary
 * Northwood Elementary
 * Union Elementary
 * Kleptz Early Learning Center

Notable people

 * Jesse "Pop" Haines – member of the Baseball Hall of Fame
 * Chris Hero – professional wrestler, ROH tag team champion Ring of Honor
 * Johnnie Wilder, Jr. – former lead singer of the funk group Heatwave.

In fiction
Part of Ayn Rand's novel The Fountainhead is set in Clayton.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Clayton, Ohio


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Drexel, Ohio

Drexel is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,693 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.2 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
Drexel is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,057 people, 773 households, and 535 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 943.5 PD/sqmi. There were 864 housing units at an average density of 396.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 61.69% White, 35.05% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 2.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.

There were 773 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.2% were married couples living together, 26.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $20,785, and the median income for a family was $21,061. Males had a median income of $28,804 versus $20,952 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,257. About 33.5% of families and 31.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.6% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those ages 65 or over.

title: Drexel, Ohio


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Englewood, Ohio

Englewood is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,463 at the 2020 census. A northern suburb of Dayton, it is part of the Dayton metropolitan area.

History
Although Englewood was not actually founded until 1841, many early settlers began to come to the area known as Randolph Township around 1800. Earliest settlers were the families of David Hoover, David Mast, Daniel Hoover, Robert Ewing, John and Abraham McClintock, John Rench, Martin Sheets, Jacob Smith, Daniel and Peter Fetters. Also among the early settlers were the families of the Ellers, Fouts, Frantzs, Wertzs and the Brumbaughs.

The early settlers made their living basically from agriculture. They shipped grain and bacon down the Stillwater River on flat bottom boats to Dayton and as far south as New Orleans. There was also a considerable amount of industry, including saw mills, gun smithing, wine distilling and pottery manufacturing.

There were many Native Americans in the area in the early days that traded with the settlers. There was also an abundance of wildlife which afforded good hunting for the settlers’ food requirements.

Following primarily the path traced through this area by the Stillwater River, a group of settlers founded what is now the City of Englewood on May 6, 1841. These pioneers included Mathias Gish, Daniel Rasor and Samuel Herr. Some of these settlers came from the area around Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and thus named the community Harrisburg. Other residents came from Randolph County, North Carolina, and named this township accordingly.

Harrisburg's first post office was opened on February 8, 1870, and discontinued on February 6, 1871. The post office was re-established on May 8, 1874, and the first postmaster was Harvey Iams. The town was then renamed Iamton. However, at that time the capital letters I and J were the same in the alphabet and the town became known as Jamton.

In 1898, the local businessmen conducted a contest to choose a new name for the town. The name Englewood was chosen as the winner of that contest and the town of Jamton was renamed Englewood. The Village of Englewood was incorporated on May 15, 1914, and Jacob Hoover was the first mayor. The population had risen to 415 by 1930 and over 600 by 1940. Englewood became a city in 1971.

Natural gas was made available to the area in 1934, the first water works was built in 1936 and the original sewer system was completed in 1940.

Geography
The city is situated along the Stillwater River, bordering the cities of Clayton, Union, and Butler Township. Interstate 70 and the National Road (U.S. Route 40) intersect Ohio State Route 48 within Englewood's boundaries.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.59 sqmi, of which 6.55 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 13,465 people, 5,555 households, and 3,687 families living in the city. The population density was 2055.7 PD/sqmi. There were 5,898 housing units at an average density of 900.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 82.3% White, 12.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 5,555 households, of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.6% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the city was 42.1 years. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 19.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,235 people, 5,062 households, and 3,442 families living in the city. The population density was 1,865.1 PD/sqmi. There were 5,310 housing units at an average density of 809.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.51% White, 4.61% African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.30% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.38% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 5,062 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,920, and the median income for a family was $60,978. Males had a median income of $41,312 versus $31,647 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,792. About 2.3% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The City of Englewood is a Mayor-Council type government. The current City Council of Englewood is made up of 6 part-time members.

Education
Englewood is served by the Northmont City School District of Montgomery County, Ohio. The schools include:
 * Northmont High School
 * Northmont Middle School
 * Englewood Elementary
 * Englewood Hills Elementary
 * Northmoor Elementary
 * Northwood Elementary
 * Union Elementary
 * Kleptz Early Learning Center

Englewood is also home to a satellite campus of Sinclair Community College.

Englewood has a public library, a branch of the Dayton Metro Library.

title: Englewood, Ohio


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The Godfather Part III

The Godfather Part III is a 1990 American epic crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from the screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo. The film stars Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, Andy García, Eli Wallach, Joe Mantegna, Bridget Fonda, George Hamilton, and Sofia Coppola. It is the third and final installment in The Godfather trilogy. A sequel to The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather Part II (1974), it concludes the fictional story of Michael Corleone, the patriarch of the Corleone family who attempts to legitimize his criminal empire. The film also includes fictionalized accounts of two real-life events: the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981–1982, both linked to Michael Corleone's business affairs.

Though Coppola initially refused to return for a third film, he eventually signed on to direct and write Part III after his two previous directorial efforts were commercial failures. Coppola and Puzo's intended title for the film was The Death of Michael Corleone, which Paramount Pictures rejected; Coppola considers the series to be a duology, while Part III serves as the epilogue. Winona Ryder was initially cast in the role of Mary but eventually left production due to other commitments and nervous exhaustion. The role was ultimately given to Coppola's daughter, Sofia which garnered much criticism and accusations of nepotism. Principal photography took place from late 1989 to early 1990, with filming locations in both Italy and the United States.

The Godfather Part III premiered in Beverly Hills on December 20, 1990, and released in the United States on Christmas Day, December 25. The film received generally positive reviews. Critics praised Pacino's and Garcia's performances, the cinematography, editing, production design and Coppola's direction, but criticized the plot and the casting of Sofia Coppola. It grossed $136.8 million worldwide and garnered seven nominations at the 63rd Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Supporting Actor (Garcia). It also received seven nominations at the 48th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama (Pacino). In December 2020, a recut version of the film, titled The Godfather Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone, was released to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the original version.

Plot
In 1979, Michael Corleone is approaching 60. Wracked with guilt over his ruthless rise to power, especially for having ordered his brother Fredo Corleone's murder, he donates millions to charitable causes. Michael and Kay are divorced; their children, Anthony and Mary, live with Kay. At a reception in Michael's honor at St. Patrick's Old Cathedral, which follows a papal order induction ceremony, Anthony tells his father that he is leaving law school to become an opera singer. Kay supports his decision while Michael eventually agrees to let him go his own way. Kay reveals to Michael that she and Anthony know the truth about Fredo's death. Vincent Mancini, the out-of-wedlock son of Michael's long-dead brother Sonny, arrives at the reception. Michael's sister, Connie, arranges for Vincent to settle a dispute with his rival, Joey Zasa, but Zasa calls Vincent a bastard, and Vincent bites Zasa's ear. Michael, troubled by Vincent's temper yet impressed by his loyalty, agrees to include Vincent in the family business.

The head of the Vatican Bank, Archbishop Gilday, has accumulated a massive deficit and Michael offers $600M in exchange for shares in Internazionale Immobiliare, an international real estate company, which would make him its largest single shareholder. He makes a tender offer to buy the Vatican's 25% share in the company, which will give him controlling interest. Immobiliare's board approves the offer, pending ratification by Pope Paul VI.

Don Altobello, a New York Mafia boss and Connie's godfather, tells Michael that his partners on The Commission want in on the Immobiliare deal. But wanting to finally become legitimate, Michael pays them from the sale of his Las Vegas holdings instead. Zasa receives nothing and, declaring Michael his enemy, storms out. Don Altobello, assuring Michael that he can diplomatically resolve the matter, leaves to speak to Zasa. Moments later, a helicopter hovers outside the conference room and opens fire. Most of the bosses are killed, but Michael, Vincent, and Michael's bodyguard, Al Neri, escape. Michael realizes that Altobello is the traitor, and suffers a diabetic stroke. As Michael recuperates, Vincent and Mary begin a romance, while Neri and Connie give Vincent permission to retaliate against Zasa. During a street festival, Vincent kills Zasa. Michael berates Vincent for his actions and insists that Vincent end his relationship with Mary because it is dangerous and they are first cousins.

The family goes to Sicily for Anthony's operatic debut in Palermo at the Teatro Massimo. Michael tells Vincent to pretend to defect from the Corleone family in order to spy on Altobello. Altobello introduces Vincent to Licio Lucchesi, Immobiliare's chairman. Michael visits Cardinal Lamberto, anticipated to become the next pope, to discuss the deal. Lamberto persuades Michael to make his first confession in 30 years, during which Michael tearfully confesses that he ordered Fredo's murder. Lamberto says that Michael deserves to suffer for his sins, but can be redeemed. He gives him sacramental absolution, permanently forgiving all his past sins in the eyes of God. Michael discovers that the Immobiliare deal is an elaborate swindle, arranged by Lucchesi, Gilday, and Vatican accountant Frederick Keinszig.

Vincent tells Michael that Altobello has hired Mosca, a veteran hitman, to assassinate Michael. Mosca, disguised as a priest, kills Corleone family friend Don Tommasino as he returns to his villa. While Michael and Kay tour Sicily, Michael asks for Kay's forgiveness, and they admit they still love each other. At Tommasino's funeral, Michael vows to sin no more. Following the pope's death, Cardinal Lamberto is elected to succeed him, choosing as his name Pope John Paul I. Subsequently, the Immobiliare deal is ratified. Later, Gilday kills the new pope with poisoned tea. Michael names Vincent the new Don of the Corleone family, in return for ending his romance with Mary. The family sees Anthony's performance in Cavalleria rusticana in Palermo while Vincent exacts his revenge. Keinszig is killed and his murder is staged as a suicide; Connie poisons Altobello and watches him die from the opera box; Calò, Tommasino's former bodyguard, kills Lucchesi and Neri travels to the Vatican, where he shoots and kills Gilday.

At the opera house during Anthony's performance, three of Vincent's men search for Mosca, but he overcomes them. After the show, on the opera house steps as they leave, Mosca shoots at Michael, wounding him; a second bullet hits Mary, killing her. Vincent shoots and kills Mosca. Michael cradles Mary's body and screams in agony; the scene fades out into a montage of Michael dancing with Mary, Apollonia, and, finally, Kay.

Years later, an elderly Michael, sitting alone in the courtyard of Don Tommasino's villa, slumps over, falls to the ground, and dies.

The ending of the Coda cut is different. Michael is shown dancing with Mary, but not with Apollonia or Kay. The film then fades to black as he sits alone in the courtyard, and ends with the title card:

 * When the Sicilians wish you 'Cent'anni', it means 'for long life'...and a Sicilian never forgets.

Writing
Coppola felt that the first two films had told the complete Corleone saga, and did not want to make another installment in the series. Paramount Pictures nevertheless spent years trying to make another sequel set in the 1970s with another director. Studio president Michael Eisner wrote a treatment in which the Central Intelligence Agency would team up with the Mafia to assassinate a Costa Rican dictator, while Alexander Jacobs wrote a screenplay in which Michael Corleone's son Anthony would inherit his father's crime family. In 1978, the studio hired Mario Puzo to write a story treatment for $250,000. This was expanded into a 1979 screenplay by Dean Riesner would have combined the two concepts by having Anthony Corleone as a CIA agent responsible for assassinating the dictator and then taking over the Corleone crime family. Gulf + Western CEO Charles Bluhdorn offered Richard Brooks the chance to direct the film, but he declined. First John Travolta and then Eric Roberts were hired as Anthony Corleone. Production on this story did not move forwards, and in 1982 Vincent Patrick wrote a new screenplay in which Michael Corleone and Tom Hagen would have been killed in the opening scene and the film would have focused around the first film's protagonists' children. It was not produced after the director Dan Curtis quit. In 1985 Nick Marino and Thomas Lee Wright submitted a screenplay called The Godfather: The Family Continues featuring a gang war between the Corleones and the Irish Mafia in Atlantic City, but it was rejected by the studio's new president Frank Mancuso Sr. because he believed it did not portray the Corleones sympathetically enough. Marino and Wright later sought Writers' Guild of America arbitration to receive a story credit on the final film, but were declined.

In 1985, development of The Godfather Part III stalled because the cast of the first two films demanded more money to reprise their roles and because Paramount Pictures decided that a third film could not be made without Coppola's involvement. The studio had previously considered Michael Mann, Martin Scorsese, Warren Beatty, and Michael Cimino, and motion picture head Ned Tanen favored Andrei Konchalovsky. That year, Coppola began considering returning to the franchise because of the dire financial situation initially caused by the failures of One from the Heart (1982) and The Cotton Club (1984). The latter film's producer Robert Evans, who also collaborated with Coppola on the first film, even tried unsuccessfully producing another Godfather film without Coppola's involvement. In 1988, after Puzo and Nicholas Gage wrote another draft, Talia Shire convinced Coppola to sign a deal to direct and write The Godfather Part III for $6 million and a share of the film's profits. Coppola and Puzo completed their final draft of the screenplay on May 10, 1989, and it would include almost none of the elements in the scripts proposed over the previous 12 years, except for a home-invasion scene from the original Reisner script which survived in almost its original form. Coppola intended Part III to be an epilogue to the first two films, and was also inspired by Shakespeare's King Lear. Coppola and Puzo preferred the title The Death of Michael Corleone, but Paramount Pictures found that unacceptable.

Casting
Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, and Talia Shire reprised their roles from the first two films, with Pacino accepting an $8 million salary. According to Coppola's audio commentary on the film in The Godfather DVD Collection, Robert Duvall refused to take part unless he was paid a salary comparable to the $6 million earned by Pacino in the previous film. In 2004, on the CBS program 60 Minutes, Duvall said, "if they paid Pacino twice what they paid me, that's fine, but not three or four times, which is what they did." When Duvall dropped out, Coppola rewrote the screenplay to portray Tom Hagen as having died before the story begins and created the character B. J. Harrison, played by George Hamilton, to replace the Hagen character in the story. Coppola stated that, to him, the movie feels incomplete "without [Robert] Duvall's participation". According to Coppola, had Duvall agreed to take part in the film, the Hagen character would have been heavily involved in running the Corleone charities. Duvall confirmed in a 2010 interview that he never regretted the decision of turning down his role.

Julia Roberts was originally cast as Mary but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts. Madonna wanted to play the role, but Coppola felt she was too old for the part. Rebecca Schaeffer was set to audition, but was murdered by an obsessed fan. Winona Ryder was cast in the role and started filming her part, but dropped out a few weeks into production due to commitments with Mermaids (1990) and nervous exhaustion. Coppola considered replacing Ryder with either Madonna, Annabella Sciorra, or Laura San Giacomo. Ultimately, Sofia Coppola, the director's daughter, was given the role of Michael Corleone's daughter. Her much-criticized performance resulted in her father being accused of nepotism, a charge Coppola denies in the commentary track, asserting that, in his opinion, critics, "beginning with an article in Vanity Fair," were "using [my] daughter to attack me," something he finds ironic in light of the film's denouement when Mary pays the ultimate price for her father's sins. Andy Garcia was cast as Vincent over Alec Baldwin.

As an infant, Sofia Coppola had played Michael Corleone's infant nephew in The Godfather, during the climactic baptism/murder montage at the end of that film (Sofia Coppola also appeared in The Godfather Part II, as a small immigrant child in the scene where the nine-year-old Vito Corleone arrives by steamer at Ellis Island). The character of Michael's sister Connie is played by Francis Ford Coppola's sister, Talia Shire. Other Coppola relatives with cameos in the film included the director's mother, father (who wrote and conducted much of the music in the film), uncle, and granddaughter Gia.

Filming
Principal photography was set to begin on November 15, 1989, with six weeks of filming at Cinecittà Studios in Italy but the start date was pushed back to November 27. This period also included location shoots throughout Rome and Caprarola at landmarks such as the Palace of Justice, the Vatican Bank, Castello di Lunghezza, and Santa Maria della Quercia. However, production was delayed for three weeks due to the physical collapse of Ryder until a replacement could be found, which was complicated after Coppola was forced to declare Chapter 11 bankruptcy due to his debts. Filming resumed in the early spring of 1990 in Sicily, with scenes shot in Palermo, Taormina, and Forza d'Agrò. Additionally filming took place in the United States in New York City and Atlantic City at locations such as the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, Little Italy, St. Patrick's Cathedral, and Trump Castle. Coppola delayed the production in Italy even further by constantly rewriting and "tinkering" with the film, and reportedly did not come up with an ending for the film until two months before it was due to be released.

Music
The film's soundtrack received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Score. The film's love theme, "Promise Me You'll Remember" (subtitled "Love Theme from The Godfather Part III") sung by Harry Connick, Jr., received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Song.

Al Martino, who portrayed Johnny Fontane in The Godfather and The Godfather Part III, sings "To Each His Own".

Release
The film was distributed by Paramount Pictures, premiering in Beverly Hills on December 20, 1990, and released in the United States on December 25.

The Godfather Part III: Final Director's Cut (1991)
For the film's 1991 home video release, Coppola re-edited it, adding 9 minutes of deleted footage, for a running time of 170 minutes. This cut was initially released on VHS & Laserdisc and was advertised as the "Final Director's Cut". It was the only version of the film available on home video until 2020. The original theatrical cut was released in 2022, exclusively as a part of The Godfather Trilogy 4K UHD Boxset.

The Godfather Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone (2020)
For the film's 30th anniversary, a recut titled The Godfather Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone received a limited theatrical release on December 4, 2020, followed by digital and home releases on December 8. This version includes changes to the beginning and the ending, and some re-edited scenes and musical cues. It has a runtime of 158 minutes.

Coppola said the 2020 recut is the one he and Puzo originally envisioned, and that it "vindicates" its status in The Godfather trilogy, as well as his daughter Sofia's performance. Both Pacino and Keaton gave their approval to the new cut, noting it as an improvement over the original theatrical release.

Box office
The Godfather Part III grossed $66.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $70.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $136.8 million, against a production budget of $54 million.

The film opened in 1,901 theaters, and grossed $19.6 million in its opening weekend, finishing second behind Home Alone. It would go on to generate a total of $6 million on Christmas Day, which was the highest at the time. For seven years, the film held that record until 1997 when it was surpassed by Titanic. In its second weekend it made $8.3 million, finishing third.

Upon the release of the recut version, The Godfather Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone, in December 2020, it made $52,000 from 179 theaters. In total, the film made $95,000 domestically, and $71,000 in four international markets.

Original film (1990)
Common criticisms of The Godfather Part III focused on Sofia Coppola's acting, the convoluted plot, and the film's inadequacy as a "stand-alone" story. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 66% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "The final installment of The Godfather saga recalls its predecessors' power when it's strictly business, but underwhelming performances and confused tonality brings less closure to the Corleone story." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 19 critics, which indicates "mixed or average reviews". Opening day audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

In his review, Roger Ebert stated that it is "not even possible to understand this film without knowing the first two". Nonetheless, Ebert wrote an enthusiastic review, awarding the film three-and-a-half, a better rating than he originally gave The Godfather Part II (in his 2008 re-rating, he gave The Godfather Part II four stars and included it in his list of Great Movies). He also defended the casting of Sofia Coppola, who he felt was not miscast, stating, "There is no way to predict what kind of performance Francis Ford Coppola might have obtained from Winona Ryder, the experienced and talented young actress, who was originally set to play this role. But I think Sofia Coppola brings a quality of her own to Mary Corleone. A certain up-front vulnerability and simplicity that I think are appropriate and right for the role."

Ebert's colleague, Gene Siskel, also gave the film high praise and placed it tenth in his list of the ten best films of 1990. Siskel admitted that the ending was the film's weakest part, citing Al Pacino's makeup as very poor. He also said, "[Another] problem is the casting of Sofia Coppola, who is out of her acting league here. She's supposed to be Andy Garcia's love interest but no sparks fly. He's more like her babysitter." In response to Ebert's defense of Coppola, Siskel said: "I know what you're saying about her being sort of natural and not the polished bombshell, and that would've been wrong. There is one, a photographer in the picture, who takes care of that role, but at the same time, I don't think it's explained why [Vincent] really comes onto her, unless this guy is the most venal, craven guy, but look who he's playing around with. He's playing around with the Godfather's daughter."

Leonard Maltin, giving the film three out of four, stated that it is "masterfully told", but that casting Sofia Coppola was an "almost-fatal flaw". James Berardinelli gave the film a positive review, awarding it three-and-a-half. John Simon of the National Review described the film as "a tedious effort to flog an old hippopotamus into action".

Recut version (2020)
On Rotten Tomatoes, the recut version, The Godfather Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone, holds an approval rating of 86% based on 58 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "The Godfather, Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone pulls the audience back into Francis Ford Coppola's epic gangster saga with a freshly — albeit slightly — edited version of its final installment." On Metacritic, the film was assigned a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, based on 14 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Writing for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw gave the film three out of five stars and stated, "I'm not sure how much, if anything, Coppola's re-edit does for the film, but it's worth a watch." Owen Gleiberman of Variety stated, "Here's the news and the ever-so-slight scandal: It's the same damn movie. [...] The one impactful change is the new opening scene" and that the film "gathers force as it goes along. It’s a movie that can sweep you up if you let it [...] I salute Coppola’s decision to put the movie back out there. I hope that a lot of people revisit it (or discover it for the first time), using that word “coda” as a key — for, of course, “The Godfather Part III” always was an extended coda to what is arguably the greatest epic saga in the history of American cinema." Writing for IndieWire, David Ehrlich said, "But when it was announced that [Coppola] had inevitably assembled a new cut of his most famous cause célèbre and re-christened it with the title he'd always wanted for the film... he wasn't trying to make it 'better' so much as he was trying to shift its place in history and reframe the picture as less the third part of a flawed trilogy than the postscript of a legendary dyad."

Accolades
Although the film was not nearly as acclaimed as the previous two installments, the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Andy García), Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Dean Tavoularis, Gary Fettis), and Best Music, Song (for Carmine Coppola and John Bettis for "Promise Me You'll Remember"). It is the only film in the series not to have Al Pacino nominated for an Academy Award (he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for The Godfather and for Best Actor for The Godfather Part II). It is the only film in the trilogy not to win for Best Picture or any other Academy Award for that matter, as well as the only film in the trilogy not selected for preservation by the U.S. National Film Registry as of 2022. Along with The Lord of the Rings, The Godfather Trilogy shares the distinction that all of its installments were nominated for Best Picture.

The film was also nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards, but did not win. Sofia Coppola won two Golden Raspberry Awards for both Worst Supporting Actress and Worst New Star.

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 * 2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
 * Michael Corleone: "Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in." – Nominated

Historical background
Parts of the film are very loosely based on real historical events concerning the ending of the papacy of Pope Paul VI, the very short tenure of Pope John Paul I in 1978, and the collapse of the Banco Ambrosiano in 1982. Like the character Cardinal Lamberto, who becomes John Paul I, the historical John Paul I, Albino Luciani, reigned for only a very short time before being found dead in his bed.

Journalist David Yallop argues that Luciani was planning a reform of Vatican finances and that he died by poisoning; these claims are reflected in the film. Yallop also names as a suspect Archbishop Paul Marcinkus, who was the head of the Vatican bank, like the character Archbishop Gilday in the film. However, while Marcinkus was noted for his muscular physique and Chicago origins, Gilday is a mild Irishman. The character has also drawn comparisons to Cardinal Giuseppe Caprio, as he was in charge of the Vatican finances during the approximate period in which the movie was based.

The character of Frederick Keinszig, the Swiss banker who is murdered and left hanging under a bridge, mirrors the fate (and physical appearance) of Roberto Calvi, the Italian head of the Banco Ambrosiano who was found hanging under Blackfriars Bridge in London in 1982 (though it was initially unclear whether it was suicide or murder, in 2002 courts in London ruled the latter). The name "Keinszig" is taken from Manuela Kleinszig, the girlfriend of Flavio Carbone, who was indicted as one of Calvi's murderers in 2005.

Cancelled sequel
Following the reaction to the third installment, Coppola stated that the idea of a fourth film was discussed but Mario Puzo died before they were able to write it. A potential script, told in a similar narrative to Part II, would have included De Niro reprising his role as a younger Vito Corleone in the 1930s; Leonardo DiCaprio was slated to portray a young Sonny Corleone gaining the Corleone family's political power; García as Vincent Corleone during the 1980s running the family business through ten years of destructive war, haunted by the death of his cousin Mary, and eventually losing the family's respect and power. García has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced.

Puzo's portion of the potential sequel, dealing with the Corleone family in the early 1930s, was eventually expanded into a novel by Edward Falco and published in 2012 as The Family Corleone. Paramount sued the Puzo estate to prevent publication of the novel, prompting a counter-suit on the part of the estate, claiming breach of contract. The studio and the estate subsequently settled the suits, allowing publication of the book, but with the studio retaining rights to possible future films.

title: The Godfather Part III


text:
Farmersville, Ohio

Farmersville is a village in Jackson Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 975 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Farmersville was platted in 1832, and named from its location in a farming district. The village was incorporated in 1849. A post office was established at Farmersville in 1833, and remained in operation until after 2000.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.72 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,009 people, 371 households, and 288 families living in the village. The population density was 1401.4 PD/sqmi. There were 402 housing units at an average density of 558.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.6% White, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 371 households, of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.4% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age in the village was 36.8 years. 28.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30% were from 25 to 44; 25.2% were from 45 to 64; and 11.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 980 people, 354 households, and 280 families living in the village. The population density was 1,389.7 PD/sqmi. There were 368 housing units at an average density of 521.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.18% White, 0.20% African American, 0.10% Asian, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.

There were 354 households, out of which 42.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $39,875 versus $23,672 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,085. About 3.4% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Farmersville, Ohio


text:
Fort McKinley, Ohio

Fort McKinley is an unincorporated community and census designated place in Harrison Township in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. It was delineated as a census-designated place (CDP) at the 2000 census, when its population was 3,989. It was not delineated as a CDP for the 2010 census.

Fort McKinley is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Fort McKinley was platted in 1914.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 1.3 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
Fort McKinley was not listed in the 2010 U.S. Census.

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,989 people, 1,587 households, and 1,068 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,994.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,713 housing units at an average density of 1,285.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 43.44% White, 53.17% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.55% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.

There were 1,587 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 23.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,933, and the median income for a family was $41,490. Males had a median income of $28,224 versus $25,903 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,155. About 10.3% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Fort McKinley, Ohio


text:
Germantown, Ohio

Germantown is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 5,796 at the 2020 census. A part of the Dayton metropolitan area, Germantown was founded by German Americans from Pennsylvania and was once home to a cigar industry.

History
Germantown was established in 1804 by German-speaking settlers from Berks County, Pennsylvania. Philip Gunckel, the only member of the group who spoke English, is recognized as Germantown's founder, who chose the site for a grist mill and laid out the original town plan in 1814. The Gunckel Town Plan, maintaining many of its original 19th and early 20th century buildings, has been recognized as a Historic District and has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Germantown underwent many economic changes as distilleries, and the cigar industry, both came and went. In 1847 the Mudlick Distillery was established and, with an output of 30 barrels of whiskey a day, was considered the largest in the country for many years. At one time the Municipality housed up to 12 cigar warehouses and five factories, with the tobacco industry employing many residents up until the 1970s.

Geography
Germantown is situated within German Township, in the south-western part of Montgomery County, Ohio. The town is in an area known as the Twin Valley, due to the Little Twin Creek on its east side, and Big Twin on its west and south sides, being in the forks of these streams.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.26 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,547 people, 2,142 households, and 1,584 families residing in the village. The population density was 1302.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,328 housing units at an average density of 546.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.5% White, 0.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 2,142 households, of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.1% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the village was 37.5 years. 27.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, Germantown was a village, and there were 4,884 people, 1,898 households, and 1,412 families residing there. The population density was 1,361.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,994 housing units at an average density of 555.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.53% White, 0.37% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78% of the population.

There were 1,898 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the village the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $47,179, and the median income for a family was $54,617. Males had a median income of $40,156 versus $28,622 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,287. About 4.0% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 1.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Germantown adopted a council-manager form of government on June 8, 1976. The Municipality is governed by a mayor and six council members, all elected at large. The municipal manager supervises the daily operation of the government. Departments include the Street & Storm Sewer Department, Water & Sanitary Sewer Department, Planning & Zoning, Police, Fire, and Finance.

Arts and culture
Germantown is known for its historic downtown area and the unique wagon-wheel design of its alley system, which was originally laid out by Philip Gunckel when he settled in Germantown. The system is roughly bounded by Mulberry and Walnut Streets, and Warren and Market Streets. The downtown area was added to the National Historic Register in 1976.

The By-Jo is an active historic theater in Germantown, opened in 1926.

Public schools
Germantown Public Schools are part of the Valley View School District.

Sister cities

 * 🇩🇪 Marktheidenfeld, Bavaria, Germany, since 1980
 * 🇺🇸Farmersville, Ohio, United States
 * 🇺🇸Miamisburg, Ohio, United States

title: Germantown, Ohio


text:
Miamisburg, Ohio

Miamisburg is a city in southern Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 19,923 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Dayton, it is part of the Dayton metropolitan area. Named after the Miami people, Miamisburg is known for its industrial history, particularly its nuclear operations during World War II, and retail factors such as the Dayton Mall and surrounding commercial business area.

History
European-Americans started calling their first community "Hole's Station" circa 1797, when Zechariah Hole settled there with his family from Virginia and built a stockade on the west bank of the Miami River opposite the mouth of Bear Creek. The stockade attracted squatters, surveying parties, and other settlers who had taken grants to live in the local cabins until they could build their own; hence the little community became known as "Hole's Station". Settlers came west primarily from Pennsylvania. Miamisburg was incorporated in 1832 as a village; it achieved city status in the 1920s.

By 1827, the Miami and Erie Canal was under construction through the community, which improved transportation of people and goods through the region. The formal opening took place in January 1829, when the Governor Brown was the first packet boat to go through the settlement. Also that year the first boats from Cincinnati had arrived and passed through Miamisburg to get to Dayton. By 1834 the canal had been extended to Piqua, and many businesses along the river grew. The 1840s and the 1850s were brought the best of times to the canals.

George Kinder, a local resident, shipped bags of food to Ireland during its Great Famine; these also contained his address, with ads saying that he was hiring immigrant workers. Some Irish immigrants did come to Miamisburg and surrounding cities in search of work.

Miamisburg was the site of one of the first post-war U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) facilities, beginning in 1947. The Dayton area had supported numerous secret operations for the War Department during World War II. As the war ended, the majority of these operations were moved to the Miamisburg Mound Laboratory, which was operated by the Monsanto Chemical Company. The Mound Labs were to monitor all aspects of the US nuclear defense stockpile.

The Mound Plant, built in 1947, was situated on a 306 acre site in the city 10 mi south of Dayton. The workers, who numbered more than 2,000 at the height of the production, made plutonium detonators for nuclear weapons. Their work was very classified. The plant had a small army of security guards and was ringed by chain-link fencing and razor wire. When the Cold War ended, the plant discontinued the detonator work, but it continued to make nuclear power generators for space probes. In May 1993 U.S. Department of Energy decided to end all production at the Mound. This move affected 2,100 employees in the local area. By 1996 cleanup of radioactive and hazardous waste was the main activity at the Plant. The Mound Development Corporation spearheaded the creation of the Mound Advanced Technology Center in the redevelopment of the plant, with the Montgomery County Regional Dispatch Center joining 14 other tenants in March 2009. In December 2010, the Dayton Police Department became the 17th law enforcement agency, along with 11 fire departments, to be dispatched from the regional center.

On September 10, 1978, 15 cars of a Conrail freight train derailed as the result of a hot box, caused by uneven distribution of steel ingots in a gondola loaded at Buffalo, New York by Republic Steel. They demolished a house at the Pearl Street crossing and killed three of its five occupants. As a result of a cooperative investigation by the Miamisburg Police Department and the National Transportation Safety Board, the deaths were ruled homicides by the Montgomery County Coroner.

Eight years later the city was the site of the July 8, 1986 derailment of 15 cars of a Baltimore and Ohio Railroad train, resulting in explosions of tank cars, emitted gas and clouds from phosphorus, on two successive days. The resulting thick white cloud engulfed communities as far north as Yellow Springs, Pitchin, and South Vienna. Rolling in like a massive desert dust storm across the horizon, the chemical cloud hugged the ground and blotted out the sun for several minutes before dissipating, according to the National Transportation Safety Board’s report. The explosions led to the evacuation of an estimated 25,000 to 40,000 residents from Miamisburg and surrounding southern Montgomery County municipalities, at the time this was the largest evacuation in U.S. history resulting from a train accident, according to William E. Loftus, executive director of the Federal Railroad Administration. This was also the largest evacuation in Ohio history.

A nitric oxide distillation column at a local chemical plant known as Isotec exploded on September 21, 2003, causing school and other events to be cancelled. Isotec is a division of Sigma-Aldrich.

World headquarters of JatroDiesel is in Miamisburg. JatroDiesel manufactures biodiesel equipment and produces biodiesel, a sustainable alternative fuel to diesel. The headquarters of National City Mortgage Corporation, a division of National City Corp. was in Miamisburg. In 2009, PNC Bank purchased National City Bank and converted National City Mortgage into PNC Mortgage. The headquarters for PNC Mortgage moved to Downers Grove, Ill, but much of the servicing division remains in Miamisburg. World headquarters of LexisNexis were in Miamisburg. In 2007, the headquarters moved to New York City, but the operations have remained in Ohio.

In 2018, a time vault was opened to celebrate the city's 200th birthday.

Mound
Miamisburg is the location of a prehistoric Indian burial mound (tumulus), believed to have been built by the Adena culture, about 1000 to 200 BCE. Once serving as an ancient burial site, the mound has become perhaps the most recognizable historic landmark in Miamisburg. It is one of the largest conical burial mounds in the Eastern United States.

Geography
Miamisburg is at 39.63861°N, -84.27528°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.37 sqmi, of which 12.18 sqmi is land and 0.19 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate of Miamisburg and the surrounding region is dominated by a humid-continental climate, characterized by hot, muggy summers and cold, dry winters. Miamisburg is prone to severe weather because of its location in the Midwestern section of the United States. Tornadoes are possible from spring to fall. Floods, blizzards, and severe thunderstorms can also occur.

Miamisburg has suffered some natural disasters. On June 9, 1869, a tornado struck the northwest part of town, reportedly destroying roofs and chimneys, as well as uprooting trees. It also destroyed Linden Avenue Bridge. Blizzards struck the town in 1978, 2004, and 2008.

In 1913, the Great Dayton Flood destroyed much of the city. Not much precipitation is needed to flood locations such as Rice Field(s), which is on the banks of the Great Miami River.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 20,181 people, 7,948 households, and 5,570 families residing in the city. The population density was 1656.9 PD/sqmi. There were 8,604 housing units at an average density of 706.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.8% White, 3.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

Out of a total of 7,948 households, 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.9% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the city was 40.2 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 27.2% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 19,489 people, 7,449 households, and 5,393 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,741.6 PD/sqmi. There were 7,905 housing units at an average density of 706.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95% White, 1.6% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.

There were 7,449 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,316, and the median income for a family was $56,996. Males had a median income of $41,918 versus $28,045 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,504. About 4.6% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Motoman, Verso Corporation and Dayton Superior are headquartered in Miamisburg.

Top employers
According to Miamisburg's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Culture and recreation
The city's downtown area is home to many small stores and historic buildings. The Hamburger Wagon is on Market Square. Other historical buildings downtown include the Baum Opera House, Gebhart Tavern, and Library Park.

In 2024, Bricky's Comedy Club broke the world record for the "Longest stand-up comedy show - multiple comedians". The festival took place starting on February 14 at 3pm until the previous record of 80 hours and 2 minutes, held by the website NashvilleStandUp.com, was broken on the morning of February 18. The final run time of the festival was 84 hours, 58 minutes, 30 seconds. The festival was recorded in its entirety and is awaiting certification after-the-fact with the Guinness Book of World Records.

Architecture
Due to the growth of the city in the 19th century, many of the older houses in the city are Victorian-style homes. They are concentrated in the neighborhood of "Old Miamisburg" (downtown and riverfront areas). Other architectural styles include Queen Anne, Italianate, and Second Empire-styled buildings. Much of Miami Township has residential housing of single-family homes, which were built during the expanded suburban development typical of the late 20th century, especially the 1970s through the 1990s. Newer houses have been built in the 21st century as some residents have sought higher-priced luxury homes, evidenced in new developments such as Pipestone, Crains Run, Heincke Woods, and Bear Creek.

To encourage and recognize Miamisburg citizens for maintaining the aesthetic appearance (tidiness, landscaping) of their property, the City Beautification Commission selects a number of "City Beautiful Awards" each July, August, and September for both residential and commercial properties. Additionally, the City Beautification Commission also offers awards for high-quality architectural renovation projects and for a number of holiday decoration displays in December.

Annual events
Numerous community events are held during the year, such as live music and block parties. Every spring, 'Spring Fest in the Burg' is held downtown in Riverfront Park. On Halloween, 'Boo in the Burg' offers special shopping and food specials for patrons.

Other annual events include:
 * Miamisburg Turkey Trot (Thanksgiving Day 8K Run/Walk)
 * Cruise The Burg (auto show)
 * Thunderburg Motorcycle Show

Government
Miamisburg is governed by council–manager government with a seven-member city council and a city manager, who is hired by council. Four members of city council represent their respective wards and three members are at-large. The city also has an elected mayor who largely fills a ceremonial role. While the mayor sits on council he or she votes only in the event of a tie.

Education
Public education in Miamisburg is provided by the Miamisburg City School District. The superintendent for the district is Dr. Laura Blessing (2020–present). Miamisburg has 6 K-5 buildings, and one PreK - 5th building (Medlar View Elementary School) The schools, and the years they were built are located below in parentheses. :

 * Bauer Elementary School (1967)
 * Bear Elementary School (1952)
 * Jane Chance Elementary School (2010)
 * Kinder Elementary School (1906, 2012 reconstruction)
 * Maddux-Lang Primary School (2008)
 * Mark Twain Elementary School (1950)
 * Medlar View Elementary School (1999)
 * Miamisburg High School (1972)
 * Miamisburg Middle School (2011)
 * Mound Elementary School (1955)

Miamisburg is ranked third in the Dayton Area for the best academic rate scores. Miamisburg has won the "Excellent District Award" in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011. For 2012, the district has been awarded the coveted "Excellent with Distinction" status. Miamisburg High School was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence in 1997. Both Wantz Middle School (closed; 2011) and Kinder Elementary were awarded Blue Ribbon Awards in the early 21st century.

After three failed attempts, voters passed a US$78.5 million bond issue on March 4, 2008. The bond issued raised $23 million for a large-scale addition and renovation project at Miamisburg High School and $31 million for the construction of Miamisburg Middle School, grades 6–8, which opened in August 2011. In addition, the bond issue included $11 million for Jane Chance Elementary School, the district's seventh K-5 facility, which opened in August 2010. Also included was $11 million for an addition/renovation project at historic Kinder Elementary School and $4 million in various improvements to Bauer, Bear, Mark Twain, and Mound elementary schools, including renovated administration spaces, enhanced security and safety features, as well as a project at Mound Elementary School for a new playground, student drop-off area, and redesigned parking lots.

Unrelated to the March 2008 bond issue but constructed simultaneously is Maddux-Lang Primary School, on the campus of Jane Chance Elementary School at Wood and Crains Run roads. Maddux-Lang, the district's $2 million preschool facility, was funded entirely through Transportation District Improvement funds related to the new Austin Boulevard interchange.

In addition to the public school district in Miamisburg, the city is also the home to the West Campus of Bishop Leibold School, a private catholic school named after Paul Francis Leibold. The West Campus of Bishop Leibold School deals with preschool through the third grade, while its East Campus in Miami Township deals with the fourth grade through the eight grade. Bishop Leibold School was awarded the National Blue Ribbon Award in 2008. Bishop Leibold has also been working to improve its STEM education and as a result has been awarded along with its teachers the Governor's Thomas Edison Award for Excellence in STEM Education four school years in a row (2010–2014). In its most recent school year for receiving the award (2013–2014) it was the only Dayton-area grade school to be recognized.

Miamisburg has a public library, a branch of the Dayton Metro Library.

Media
Miamisburg is in the circulation area of the Dayton Daily News, and it publishes the Miamisburg/West Carrollton News. The city has a local radio station, WFCJ 93.7 – Christian (WFJC Inspiration).

Transportation
Miamisburg is part of the Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority, which has many bus routes throughout the city.

CSX and Norfolk Southern provide freight railway services. CSX passes near Miamisburg on the west side of the Great Miami River, and Norfolk Southern's line runs through downtown.

Sister city
Miamisburg's sister city is Owen Sound, Ontario.

Notable people

 * Todd Antrican, racing driver
 * Vincent G. Apple (1874–1932), inventor
 * Helen Vickroy Austin (1829–1921), journalist, horticulturist
 * The McGuire Sisters - 20th century female trio
 * David Bruton - professional football player in the National Football League (NFL), 2009–2016
 * Ebby DeWeese - professional football player in the NFL, 1927–1930
 * Jeffrey Edward Fowle - arrested in North Korea in May 2014 on unspecified charges
 * James L. Kauffman (1887–1963), Vice Admiral and Navy Cross recipient, veteran of World War I and World War II
 * George Kinderdine - professional football player in the Ohio League and NFL, 1915, 1917–1929
 * Shine Kinderdine – professional football player in the NFL, 1924
 * Shannon McIntosh, racing driver
 * Louise Klein Miller (1854–1943), head of school gardens, Cleveland Public Schools, 1904–1938
 * Josh Myers - professional football player in the NFL, 2021–present
 * Lou Partlow - professional football player in the Ohio League and NFL, 1915–1927

title: Miamisburg, Ohio


text:
Moraine, Ohio

Moraine is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. Situated on the banks of the Great Miami River, Moraine is an inner suburb of Dayton, Ohio and a part of the Dayton metropolitan area. The population was 6,393 at the 2020 census.

History
What is now the city of Moraine was once a part of Van Buren Township followed by a brief period as a part of Kettering. Much of Kettering's portion seceded in 1953 and formed the new Moraine Township. The township incorporated as a village in 1957. After annexing portions of Miami Township, Moraine incorporated as a city in 1965. Moraine later annexed parts of Jefferson Township.

Manufacturing
Moraine is known for its manufacturing history. From 1917 to 1923 the Dayton Wright Airplane company operated an aircraft manufacturing plant on the current site of the Moraine Assembly. During its years of operation over 4000 aircraft were built including the DeHavilland observer/bomber plane (a First World War British design).

Dayton-Wright was sold to General Motors in 1919 and GM exited the aircraft business in 1923. In 1926, General Motors enlarged and upgraded the plant and used it to build refrigerators. Frigidaire continued to manufacture appliances on the site until 1979 when GM sold Frigidaire.

However, General Motors decided to keep the plant and retool it to produce vehicles. In 1981 the plant reopened and manufactured the Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and GMC S-15 Jimmy. In the 1990s a paint shop, and the DMAX engine plant was added to the site as a joint venture with Isuzu. The plant continued to manufacture SUVs from the General Motors product line (Chevrolet, GMC, Oldsmobile, Buick) until 2008 when the plant closed. The DMAX engine plant still remains open as a separate facility, and has received a $60 million upgrade in 2014. Through 2008, the total history of the plant included 86 years of manufacturing.

In 2014, GM Moraine Assembly was purchased from IRG by China-based Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co. Ltd. Fuyao manufactures automotive glass for GM and other automakers. They began operations in late 2015, with plans to employ 800 people at the plant. The operations were the subject of the documentary American Factory.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.52 sqmi, of which 9.25 sqmi is land and 0.27 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,307 people, 2,613 households, and 1,625 families residing in the city. The population density was 681.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,918 housing units at an average density of 315.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 81.1% White, 12.4% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.4% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.6% of the population.

There were 2,613 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.8% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the city was 37 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 12.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,897 people, 2,855 households, and 1,818 families residing in the city. The population density was 760.3 PD/sqmi. There were 3,127 housing units at an average density of 344.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.53% White, 6.23% African American, 0.43% Native American, 2.00% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.41% of the population.

There were 2,855 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,341, and the median income for a family was $41,792. Males had a median income of $35,133 versus $23,994 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,880. About 6.8% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The GM Moraine Assembly auto plant closed on December 23, 2008, and 2,400 workers lost their jobs. In October 2015, Fuyao Glass America began producing automobile glass in the 1.4 million square foot facility of the former GM Moraine plant. The site now employs more than 2,000 workers. It was purchased from IRG by China-based Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co. Ltd. and began operations in late 2015. Fuyao manufactures automotive glass for GM and other automakers. By the time the plant entered full-scale production in October 2016, the company had invested $1 billion in the U.S. subsidiary, with long-term plans to grow to 5,000 employees in the United States. By the end of 2016, the plant had brought an estimated $280 million to the Ohio economy and employed 2,000 people in Moraine.

The Moraine Airpark is located in the city.

Parks and recreation
Moraine has a parks department that includes an indoor recreational center (Payne Recreation Center), a civic center (Gerhardt), bike trails and system of small neighborhood parks. The Deer Meadow Park has a skate park and pond. The park entrance connects to the city's three-mile bike trail that follows Pinnacle Road to Main Street, then connects to the Great Miami Recreational Trail.

The city offers free garden plots to its residents on 12 acres located in a rural section of the city. Moraine also operates a boat ramp on East River Road to allow access to the Great Miami River, which passes through the center of the city.

Government
Moraine is served by a council–manager form of government, where a seven-member city council appoints a professional city manager, who serves as the administrative head of the city.

The city council of Moraine, Ohio, consists of 7 members. A mayor and two council members-at-large are elected by the entire city, while four additional members of council are elected to represent each of four wards. The mayor presides over meetings of the council as chairman, and may vote as a member of council, but has no veto. In recent years, several mayors have been recalled and removed from office.

Moraine has a municipal income tax of 2%.

Infrastructure
The Interstate 75 interchange allows motorists to enter I-75 North. The entrances include southbound Dixie Drive access to I-75N, northbound Central Avenue access to I-75S, I-75N access to southbound Dixie Drive and I-75S to access South Dixie Drive. The exit was originally built in the early 1960s and never completed into a traditional highway exit until 2012.

title: Moraine, Ohio


text:
New Lebanon, Ohio

New Lebanon is a village in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,796 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
New Lebanon was platted in 1843. A post office called Medill was established in 1847, and the name was changed to New Lebanon in 1849. New Lebanon was incorporated as a village in 1878.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.05 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,995 people, 1,527 households, and 1,057 families living in the village. The population density was 1948.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,659 housing units at an average density of 809.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.2% White, 1.2% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 1,527 households, of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.8% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age in the village was 36.9 years. 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,231 people, 1,574 households, and 1,166 families living in the village. The population density was 2,117.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,655 housing units at an average density of 828.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.46% White, 0.33% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 1,574 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $40,801, and the median income for a family was $44,063. Males had a median income of $32,188 versus $25,057 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,718. About 3.3% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
New Lebanon has a public library, a branch of the Dayton Metro Library. New Lebanon is home to the New Lebanon Local School District, consisting of an Elementary, Middle, and High School.

title: New Lebanon, Ohio


text:
Northridge, Montgomery County, Ohio

Northridge is an unincorporated community in Harrison Township in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. It was delineated as a census-designated place (CDP) for the 2000 census, at which time its population was 8,487. It is located directly north of the city of Dayton and is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Northridge suffered serious damage in the tornadoes that struck the Dayton, Ohio area on May 27, 2019.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 2.3 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,487 people, 3,398 households, and 2,409 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,733.9 PD/sqmi. There were 3,689 housing units at an average density of 1,623.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 85.99% White, 11.91% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78% of the population.

There were 3,398 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 23.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,188, and the median income for a family was $30,730. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $21,648 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,239. About 21.3% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.9% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Local students attend the schools of the Northridge Local School District, including Northridge High School.

title: Northridge, Montgomery County, Ohio


text:
Oakwood, Montgomery County, Ohio

Oakwood is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 9,572 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Dayton, Oakwood is part of the Dayton metropolitan area. It was incorporated in 1908. John Henry Patterson, industrialist and founder of the National Cash Register Corporation, is considered the "Father of Oakwood."

Oakwood is completely land-locked by the surrounding municipalities of Dayton and Kettering. Its small, compact geographic area facilitates the response of its single, unified (consolidated) Department of Public Safety, in which all personnel are certified as police officers, firefighters, and emergency medical services (EMS) officers. Oakwood is one of only a few U.S. cities to employ the concept. Public safety officers work 24-hour shifts, performing the different functions within eight-hour blocks of each shift.

History
At the turn of the twentieth century, Oakwood was primarily farmland situated on a hill directly south of the City of Dayton. In 1913, when a disastrous flood devastated downtown Dayton (the Great Dayton Flood), advertising began to tout Oakwood property as "275 feet higher than the intersection of Third and Main Streets."

In light of this real estate advantage and its location adjacent to the City of Dayton, Oakwood's largest period of growth began and by 1930, the village population numbered over 6,000. Oakwood incorporated as a city in 1908 and in 1932 adopted the Council/Manager form of government that is still in place.

One of the city's early residents was Orville Wright, whose home, Hawthorn Hill, still stands at the corner of Harman and Park Avenues. John H. Patterson, founder of the National Cash Register Company (NCR) also called Oakwood home. The city is known as a suburban residential area with mostly tree-lined streets.

During World War II, the Runnymede Playhouse in Oakwood hosted Unit IV of the Dayton Project. The Dayton Project was a little-known part of the Manhattan Project involved in creating industrial quantities of polonium for use in the neutron generating triggers of the first atomic weapon.

Geography
It is within the Miami Valley region of southwestern Ohio, and borders on Dayton to its north and east and Kettering, Ohio to its south and west. The campus of the University of Dayton is directly adjacent to Oakwood on the northeast.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.193 sqmi, all land.

The city is unofficially divided into two parts, east and west, by the city's major road, State Route 48, also termed Far Hills Avenue. SR 48 runs north–south and connects the city of Dayton with Oakwood and, further south, with Kettering and other suburbs. The geography of the eastern and western sections differ to a significant extent, with the western side covered in prominent hills, while most of the eastern section is predominantly level or gently sloping.

Cityscape
Oakwood contains a rich collection of architecture. Because of the city's age, many of the houses were constructed before World War II and are older in design. Houses in Oakwood, which vary greatly in size, have styles which include Tudor, Swiss chalets, Colonial Revival, White Clapboard Colonial, and Gothic Revival. The western end of the city features many large properties and historic houses, such as Hawthorn Hill, home of Orville Wright. The houses in this area tend to lie on well secluded plots of land, surrounded by many trees.

Because of Oakwood's affluence, there is a general societal push for beautification. Run-down houses and unkempt lawns are generally frowned upon by the community; most lawns are well maintained. The city itself gives "Beautification Awards" to the judged most beautiful houses in order to maintain this high level of aesthetic awareness. The city has relatively strict zoning laws that restrict major changes to houses and require city approval for any planned structural additions. The city prohibits chain-link fences that can be seen from the street, and requires all external utility units (such as air conditioning units) to be obstructed from the view from the street.

Public architecture is a general source of pride for the Oakwood community. The city buildings were designed to incorporate the rich variation of traditional architectural styles found in the city's houses. Oakwood High School displays an elaborate external design. The elementary schools, Edwin D. Smith Elementary School and Harman Elementary School, echo this elaborate style. Smith Elementary is built in the Tudor style like the High School while Harman Elementary is Colonial revival. The newest addition to the school system, the Julian and Marjorie Lange School, features Spanish revival architecture. The Oakwood Board of Education occupies a gray stucco manse with red tile roof in the northernmost area of Oakwood on Rubicon Road. Wright Memorial Library offers similar aesthetics, and the police and fire department is reminiscent of a French château.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,202 people, 3,543 households, and 2,521 families residing in the city. The population density was 4201.8 PD/sqmi. There were 3,772 housing units at an average density of 1722.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.3% White, 0.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 3,543 households, of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.8% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.15.

The median age in the city was 40.5 years. 30.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 30.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

The median income for a household in the city was $94,731 and the median income for a family was $116,719. The per capita income for the city was $50,258. 70.6% of Oakwood's residents have earned a bachelor's degree or higher.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,215 people, 3,633 households, and 2,597 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,209.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3,815 housing units at an average density of 1,742.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.41% White, 0.48% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.98% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.

There were 3,633 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $72,392, and the median income for a family was $88,263. Males had a median income of $70,500 versus $35,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $41,567. About 1.7% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 2.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Lange School is the city's kindergarten building. Until The Lange School opened in 1999, kindergartens were in each elementary school. The Harman Elementary School and Edwin D. Smith Elementary School provide service to children from first through sixth grades.

One contiguous junior and senior high school provides education for all Oakwood students grades seven through twelve. Oakwood High School graduated its first senior class in 1924 and began the practice of the Baccalaureate ceremony at Westminster Presbyterian Church in downtown Dayton. The end of an Oakwood student's experience is the Senior Awards, Baccalaureate, and Commencement ceremonies. Oakwood High School's yearbook is The Acorn, and its newspaper is The Dome.

Oakwood's educational system places a strong emphasis on post-secondary education. Oakwood High School is a national school of excellence. During the 2016–17 school year, Oakwood High School earned the highest performance index on state tests of any high school in the state. OHS’ index score was 92.0 on a 100-point scale, with no other high school in Ohio above 90. Oakwood High School's English, mathematics, natural science, and foreign language courses are matched by many performing arts opportunities for its students. It is not uncommon for Oakwood's top academic graduates to gain acceptance to some of the most selective universities and colleges in the United States and the world. Most graduates, however, attend schools within a 300-mile radius, with a large percentage remaining in Ohio. Oakwood High School is consistently ranked as one of the top 10 academic institutes in Ohio as well as one of the top 400 in the United States.

Infrastructure
Oakwood is noteworthy for having traditionally hosted route 5 of Dayton's historic trolleybus network, which is the second oldest of only four trolleybus networks still operating in the US, along with those of San Francisco, Seattle, and Philadelphia. In 2024 the city of Oakwood decided to remove all trolleybus infrastructure from their neighborhood because they considered it aesthetically unpleasing.

Sister cities

 * 🇫🇷 Le Vésinet, France
 * 🇨🇦 Outremont, Quebec, Canada
 * 🇩🇪 Unterhaching, Germany (friendship pact)

title: Oakwood, Montgomery County, Ohio