text:
Nortonville, Kansas

Nortonville is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 601.

History
Nortonville was platted in 1873. It was named for L. Norton, Jr., a railroad employee. The first post office in Nortonville was established in May 1873.

In the 1900s, Nortonville was reported to be one of three sundown towns in the state, where African Americans were not allowed to reside.

Geography
Nortonville is located at 39.4175°N, -95.33167°W (39.417496, -95.331626). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.45 sqmi, of which, 0.44 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Demographics
Nortonville is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 601 people, 219 households, and 146 families in Nortonville. The population density was 1,394.4 per square mile (538.4/km$2$). There were 255 housing units at an average density of 591.6 per square mile (228.4/km$2$). The racial makeup was 92.68% (557) white or European American (91.18% non-Hispanic white), 0.67% (4) black or African-American, 1.0% (6) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.33% (2) from other races, and 5.32% (32) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.16% (19) of the population.

Of the 219 households, 33.3% had children under the age of 18; 54.3% were married couples living together; 20.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 28.3% of households consisted of individuals and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 14.3% of the population.

28.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 98.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $54,881 (with a margin of error of +/- $10,884) and the median family income was $61,563 (+/- $14,610). Males had a median income of $37,614 (+/- $6,197) versus $27,109 (+/- $5,735) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $32,708 (+/- $4,870). Approximately, 6.7% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under the age of 18 and 5.5% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 637 people, 232 households, and 175 families residing in the city. The population density was 1447.7 PD/sqmi. There were 261 housing units at an average density of 593.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.8% White, 0.5% Native American, 0.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 232 households, of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.6% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.05.

The median age in the city was 40.2 years. 27.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 22.5% were from 45 to 64; and 21.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 620 people, 233 households, and 154 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,443.6 PD/sqmi. There were 255 housing units at an average density of 593.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.10% White, 0.32% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.48% from other races, and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.

There were 233 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 26.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,281, and the median income for a family was $40,781. Males had a median income of $32,250 versus $18,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,523. About 6.1% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Jefferson County North USD 339 public school district. School unification consolidated Nortonville and Winchester schools forming USD 339. The Jefferson County North High School mascot is Jefferson County Chargers. Jefferson County North Elementary and Middle School is located in Nortonville.

Nortonville High School was closed through school unification. The Nortonville High School mascot was Cardinals.

title: Nortonville, Kansas


text:
Oskaloosa, Kansas

Oskaloosa is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,110.

History
Oskaloosa was founded in 1856. It was named after the city of Oskaloosa, Iowa. The first post office in Oskaloosa was established in November 1856.

In 1888, Oskaloosa citizens elected Mary D. Lowman mayor with a city council composed entirely of women, making the city the first in the state to elect an all-women city administration.

Geography
Oskaloosa is located at 39.21583°N, -95.31389°W (39.215849, -95.313800). It is at the intersection of U.S. Route 59 and K-92, approximately 15 miles north of Lawrence. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.03 sqmi, of which, 1.02 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally cold winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Oskaloosa has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
Oskaloosa is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 1,110 people, 411 households, and 255 families in Oskaloosa. The population density was 1,116.7 per square mile (431.2/km$2$). There were 459 housing units at an average density of 461.8 per square mile (178.3/km$2$). The racial makeup was 91.8% (1,019) white or European American (89.82% non-Hispanic white), 0.27% (3) black or African-American, 0.54% (6) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.36% (4) Asian, 0.09% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.9% (10) from other races, and 6.04% (67) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.6% (40) of the population.

Of the 411 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.0% were married couples living together; 27.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 30.2% of households consisted of individuals and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 19.1% of the population.

26.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $54,783 (with a margin of error of +/- $6,925) and the median family income was $86,806 (+/- $11,777). Males had a median income of $41,833 (+/- $15,554) versus $28,500 (+/- $20,563) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $36,389 (+/- $10,056). Approximately, 6.5% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.0% of those under the age of 18 and 3.3% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,113 people, 435 households, and 281 families living in the city. The population density was 1091.2 PD/sqmi. There were 480 housing units at an average density of 470.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.2% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 435 households, of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.4% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.03.

The median age in the city was 39.3 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,165 people, 439 households, and 291 families living in the city. The population density was 1,281.5 PD/sqmi. There were 478 housing units at an average density of 525.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.03% White, 0.52% Native American, 0.69% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.97% of the population.

There were 439 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,684, and the median income for a family was $41,477. Males had a median income of $35,043 versus $23,295 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,677. About 9.8% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Oskaloosa USD 341 public school district, which has a high school, middle school, and elementary school.

Media
Oskaloosa is the host of The Oskaloosa Independent, the official newspaper of Jefferson County, which publishes weekly on Thursdays. The Independent was founded by J.W. Roberts, the great-grandfather of Sen. Pat Roberts. The masthead says The Independent was established in 1860 and is six months older than the state of Kansas. The Independent is currently owned by Davis Publications, which also owns The Valley Falls Vindicator. Holly Allen is the managing editor and Wesley Cudney is the main reporter covering the East side of Jefferson County.

Notable people

 * Roger Barker, pioneering sociologist who studied everyday life in Oskaloosa.
 * McKinley Burnett, leading figure in Brown v. Board of Education.
 * James Reynolds, actor on Days of Our Lives for over 30 years.
 * C. Wesley Roberts, chairman of the Republican Party, father of U.S. Senator Pat Roberts.
 * Dummy Taylor, deaf Major League Baseball pitcher.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Oskaloosa, Kansas


text:
Ozawkie, Kansas

Ozawkie is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 638. Located adjacent to Perry Lake, Ozawkie formerly existed in a different location but was relocated without the aid of government funding prior to the reservoir's construction.

History
It was originally named Osawkee and became Jefferson County's original county seat in 1855. The word Ozawkie is derived from the Sauk or Saukee Indians.

In 1930, there were rumors the US Army Corps of Engineers building a dam and relocation would be required. However, it wasn't until 1954 that the Perry Dam Project was approved. Since Ozawkie wasn't incorporated, the US Government would not relocate it. Citizens came together to form a non-profit organization to help move Ozawkie. In 1966, Ozawkie was relocated to higher ground west of the original town site and a water tower, school and 26 homes were built.

In 1967, the relocated Ozawkie was incorporated.

Geography
Ozawkie is located at 39.2332°N, -95.46571°W (39.233201, -95.465709). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.38 sqmi, all of it land.

Demographics
Ozawkie is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 638 people, 238 households, and 186 families in Ozawkie. The population density was 2,148.1 per square mile (829.4/km$2$). There were 251 housing units at an average density of 845.1 per square mile (326.3/km$2$). The racial makeup was 87.15% (556) white or European American (86.83% non-Hispanic white), 1.57% (10) black or African-American, 1.57% (10) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.16% (1) Asian, 1.88% (12) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.16% (1) from other races, and 7.52% (48) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.04% (13) of the population.

Of the 238 households, 37.4% had children under the age of 18; 63.0% were married couples living together; 18.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 18.1% of households consisted of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 2.7. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 25.4% of the population.

27.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.9 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $83,295 (with a margin of error of +/- $14,572) and the median family income was $88,393 (+/- $12,828). Males had a median income of $59,432 (+/- $10,171) versus $40,000 (+/- $6,820) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $44,938 (+/- $10,576). Approximately, 0.0% of families and 0.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 1.3% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 645 people, 231 households, and 195 families living in the city. The population density was 1697.4 PD/sqmi. There were 246 housing units at an average density of 647.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.5% White, 0.6% African American, 1.4% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 231 households, of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 15.6% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.02.

The median age in the city was 37.5 years. 28.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.7% were from 25 to 44; 26.6% were from 45 to 64; and 16% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 552 people, 202 households, and 167 families living in the city. The population density was 1,797.3 PD/sqmi. There were 216 housing units at an average density of 703.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.28% White, 0.72% African American, 1.27% Native American, 0.18% Asian, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.

There were 202 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.2% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.3% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $62,969, and the median income for a family was $67,292. Males had a median income of $42,308 versus $27,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,857. About 1.1% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over.

Education
The community is served by Jefferson West USD 340 public school district.

title: Ozawkie, Kansas


text:
Perry, Kansas

Perry is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 852.

History
Perry had its start in the year 1865 by the building of the railroad through that territory. It was named for John D. Perry, the President of the Kansas Pacific Railroad.

The first post office in Perry was established in October 1866.

Geography
Perry is located at 39.07556°N, -95.39194°W (39.075458, -95.391902). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.77 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Perry has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
Perry is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 852 people, 371 households, and 238 families in Perry. The population density was 1,137.5 per square mile (439.2/km$2$). There were 385 housing units at an average density of 514.0 per square mile (198.5/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.14% (768) white or European American (88.97% non-Hispanic white), 1.06% (9) black or African-American, 0.59% (5) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.59% (5) Asian, 0.12% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.17% (10) from other races, and 6.34% (54) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.64% (31) of the population.

Of the 371 households, 27.5% had children under the age of 18; 47.2% were married couples living together; 25.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 29.6% of households consisted of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 13.6% of the population.

22.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 107.5 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $59,583 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,103) and the median family income was $70,893 (+/- $18,178). Males had a median income of $46,830 (+/- $11,194) versus $22,847 (+/- $6,048) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,664 (+/- $9,397). Approximately, 8.1% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under the age of 18 and 7.8% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 929 people, 375 households, and 254 families living in the city. The population density was 1206.5 PD/sqmi. There were 392 housing units at an average density of 509.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% White, 1.1% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 375 households, of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 27.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 901 people, 370 households, and 260 families living in the city. The population density was 1,156.5 PD/sqmi. There were 395 housing units at an average density of 507.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.12% White, 0.67% African American, 0.67% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 3.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.00% of the population.

There were 370 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,013, and the median income for a family was $46,641. Males had a median income of $32,778 versus $26,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,577. About 4.9% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Perry–Lecompton USD 343 public school district. School unification consolidated Perry and Lecompton schools forming USD 343 in 1970. Perry-Lecompton High School is located in Perry. Lecompton Elementary School is located in Lecompton. The Perry-Lecompton High School mascot is Kaws.

Prior to school unification, the Perry High School mascot was Kaws.

Parks and Recreation

 * Perry Lake and Perry State Park
 * Great Flood of 1951

title: Perry, Kansas


text:
Valley Falls, Kansas

Valley Falls is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,092.

History
Valley Falls was originally called Grasshopper Falls, from the falls in the Grasshopper River (now known as the Delaware River). The first settlement was made there in 1854, and the town was platted in 1855. Many of the town's streets were named after women pioneer settlers.

Geography
Valley Falls is located at 39.34306°N, -95.46056°W (39.342936, -95.460584). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.78 sqmi, of which 0.77 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Valley Falls has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
Valley Falls is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,192 people, 444 households, and 290 families residing in the city. The population density was 1548.1 PD/sqmi. There were 518 housing units at an average density of 672.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.2% White, 2.1% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 444 households, of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.5% male and 53.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,254 people, 485 households, and 297 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,682.6 PD/sqmi. There were 521 housing units at an average density of 699.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.89% White, 0.72% African American, 1.12% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population.

There were 485 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,018, and the median income for a family was $41,500. Males had a median income of $28,000 versus $21,771 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,626. About 5.1% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 19.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Valley Falls is governed by a mayor/council form of government. There are five council members. The day-to-day business of the city is conducted by the city administrator, and a part-time city clerk, paid employees of the city.

Education
The community is served by Valley Falls USD 338 public school district. It has one local grade school serving grades PreK-8 and one local high school serving grades 9-12. The local sports teams are known as the Dragons and their school colors are black and gold.

Notable people

 * Puella Dornblaser, temperance activist, lived in Valley Falls and edited at a newspaper in Oskaloosa
 * Moses Harman, American schoolteacher and publisher of the anarchist periodical Lucifer, the Light-Bearer. The periodical began as The Kansas Liberal and was published in Valley Falls.
 * Lillian Harman, American sex radical feminist and editor. Famous for her "free marriage" for which she was prosecuted under the Kansas Marriage Act of 1867. "In a ceremony in Valley Falls, Kansas, on September 19, 1886, she joined Edwin Cox Walker, thirty-seven, in an “autonomistic marriage” that repudiated Christian and governmental ideas of marriage."
 * Fred Marsh, professional baseball player, born in Valley Falls in 1924.
 * King O'Malley, member of the Australian House of Representatives in the early 20th century, although he also claimed he was born in Quebec, Canada
 * George Stafford, former chairman for the Interstate Commerce Commission was born and schooled in Valley Falls

title: Valley Falls, Kansas


text:
Winchester, Kansas

Winchester is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 461.

History
Winchester was laid out in 1857. It was named after Winchester, Virginia.

A post office in Winchester was established in March 1858 and closed in 2021.

The county hospital in Winchester was established in February 1956.

Geography
Winchester is located at 39.32167°N, -95.26806°W (39.321658, -95.268142). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.36 sqmi, of which, 0.35 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Demographics
Winchester is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 551 people, 229 households, and 140 families living in the city. The population density was 1574.3 PD/sqmi. There were 261 housing units at an average density of 745.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.4% White, 1.3% Native American, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 229 households, of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.9% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.91.

The median age in the city was 42.8 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.7% were from 25 to 44; 22.4% were from 45 to 64; and 25.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 579 people, 210 households, and 149 families living in the city. The population density was 1,958.6 PD/sqmi. There were 221 housing units at an average density of 747.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.06% White, 2.25% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.73% of the population.

There were 210 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,143, and the median income for a family was $41,500. Males had a median income of $35,313 versus $19,659 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,568. About 9.0% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Schools
The community is served by Jefferson County North USD 339 public school district. School unification consolidated Nortonville and Winchester schools forming USD 339. Jefferson County North High School is located in Winchester. The Jefferson County North High School mascot is Jefferson County Chargers.

Winchester High School was closed through school unification. The Winchester High School mascot was Winchester Eagles.

Libraries

 * Winchester Public Library

Notable persons

 * Bob Lyon - Kansas State Senator.
 * Al Reynolds - college and professional football guard.
 * Jerry Robertson - baseball player.

title: Winchester, Kansas


text:
Burr Oak, Kansas

Burr Oak is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 140.

History
Burr Oak was laid out in 1871, and it was incorporated as a city in 1880. It was named from the Burr Oak Creek.

The first post office in Burr Oak was established in June 1871.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.83 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 140 people, 69 households, and 35 families in Burr Oak. The population density was 170.1 per square mile (65.7/km$2$). There were 119 housing units at an average density of 144.6 per square mile (55.8/km$2$). The racial makeup was 95.0% (133) white or European American (95.0% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 5.0% (7) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.86% (4) of the population.

Of the 69 households, 11.6% had children under the age of 18; 47.8% were married couples living together; 20.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 47.8% of households consisted of individuals and 24.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.7 and the average family size was 1.9. The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 10.7% of the population.

17.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 18.6% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 31.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 100.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $26,136 (with a margin of error of +/- $6,142) and the median family income was $28,125 (+/- $9,364). Males had a median income of $13,750 (+/- $10,339) versus $26,875 (+/- $12,644) for females The median income for those above 16 years old was $17,188 (+/- $13,710). Approximately, 11.8% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 69.2% of those under the age of 18 and 17.9% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 174 people, 93 households, and 50 families living in the city. The population density was 209.6 PD/sqmi. There were 144 housing units at an average density of 173.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.3% White, 0.6% Native American, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 93 households, of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 44.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 30.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.87 and the average family size was 2.52.

The median age in the city was 55 years. 13.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.3% were from 25 to 44; 39.7% were from 45 to 64; and 27.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 265 people, 128 households, and 72 families living in the city. The population density was 317.7 PD/sqmi. There were 163 housing units at an average density of 195.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.98% White, 1.89% Native American, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population.

There were 128 households, out of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 39.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 20.8% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 24.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $18,750, and the median income for a family was $30,357. Males had a median income of $21,111 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,726. About 19.1% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 14.8% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Rock Hills USD 107 public school district. Burr Oak became a part of Rock Hills USD 107 located in Mankato in 2006. The Rock Hills High School mascot is Grizzlies.

School unification consolidated Burr Oak and Esbon schools forming White Rock schools in 1983. The White Rock elementary school and high school were located in Burr Oak. White Rock High School's mascot was Eagles. The Jewell-White Rock team was the Predators.

The Burr Oak High School mascot was Braves.

title: Burr Oak, Kansas


text:
Esbon, Kansas

Esbon is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 69.

History
Esbon was laid out in 1873. It was incorporated as a city in 1904.

The first post office in Esbon was established in January 1874.

Esbon was a shipping point on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.31 sqmi, all of it land.

The town lies 2.5 miles north of U.S. Route 36, and 13 miles west of Mankato, the county seat of Jewell County.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 69 people, 44 households, and 25 families in Esbon. The population density was 245.6 per square mile (94.8/km$2$). There were 70 housing units at an average density of 249.1 per square mile (96.2/km$2$). The racial makeup was 92.75% (64) white or European American (92.75% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 1.45% (1) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.45% (1) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 4.35% (3) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.0% (0) of the population.

Of the 44 households, 15.9% had children under the age of 18; 45.5% were married couples living together; 18.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 40.9% of households consisted of individuals and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.3 and the average family size was 2.1. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.1% of the population.

10.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 15.9% from 25 to 44, 36.2% from 45 to 64, and 34.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 58.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 121.4 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $19,583 (with a margin of error of +/- $19,320) and the median family income was $51,250 (+/- $17,899). Approximately, 14.3% of families and 31.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.0% of those under the age of 18 and 26.1% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 99 people, 52 households, and 24 families living in the city. The population density was 319.4 PD/sqmi. There were 84 housing units at an average density of 271.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.9% White, 1.0% African American, 3.0% Native American, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 52 households, of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.8% were non-families. 48.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 2.67.

The median age in the city was 52.3 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.2% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 30.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.5% male and 45.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 148 people, 71 households, and 37 families living in the city. The population density was 484.8 PD/sqmi. There were 87 housing units at an average density of 285.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.62% White and 3.38% Native American.

There were 71 households, out of which 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 45.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 26.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $34,167. Males had a median income of $24,688 versus $13,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,438. There were none of the families and 6.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 16.7% of those over 64.

Religion
The community has a Roman Catholic church (Sacred Heart), a United Methodist Church, and a Church of Christ.

Economy
The primary business enterprise of the town is a grain elevator at the north end of Grand Avenue. Farming is the principal occupation in the area around Esbon.

Education
The community is served by Rock Hills USD 107 public school district. Esbon became a part of Rock Hills USD 107 located in Mankato in 2006 as the district was formed that year by the consolidation of White Rock USD 104 and Mankato USD 278. The Rock Hills High School mascot is Grizzlies. Esbon had an elementary school and high school until 1983. The Esbon High School mascot was Esbon Tigers.

The Esbon Tigers won the Kansas State High School boys class B Track & Field championship in 1947.

School unification consolidated Esbon and Burr Oak schools forming White Rock schools in 1983. Esbon was home of White Rock Middle school located at 203 Grand Ave. The White Rock elementary school and high school were located in Burr Oak. White Rock High School's mascot was the Eagles.

title: Esbon, Kansas


text:
Formoso, Kansas

Formoso is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 94.

History
The first post office at Formoso was established in December 1887.

Formoso was founded about 1889.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.28 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 94 people, 43 households, and 22 families in Formoso. The population density was 380.6 per square mile (146.9/km$2$). There were 52 housing units at an average density of 210.5 per square mile (81.3/km$2$). The racial makeup was 87.23% (82) white or European American (86.17% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 3.19% (3) from other races, and 9.57% (9) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 9.57% (9) of the population.

Of the 43 households, 27.9% had children under the age of 18; 41.9% were married couples living together; 32.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 41.9% of households consisted of individuals and 25.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.9 and the average family size was 2.4. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 9.6% of the population.

33.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 0.0% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 24.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 117.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $28,295 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,417) and the median family income was $29,432 (+/- $14,837). Males had a median income of $26,250 (+/- $7,200). Approximately, 17.1% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under the age of 18 and 31.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 93 people, 48 households, and 26 families living in the city. The population density was 332.1 PD/sqmi. There were 65 housing units at an average density of 232.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.9% White and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 48 households, of which 14.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.8% were non-families. 41.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.54.

The median age in the city was 56.5 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14% were from 25 to 44; 28% were from 45 to 64; and 37.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.9% male and 44.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 129 people, 68 households, and 35 families living in the city. The population density was 459.6 PD/sqmi. There were 78 housing units at an average density of 277.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.22% White and 0.78% Pacific Islander. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.55% of the population.

There were 68 households, out of which 16.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 45.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 29.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 2.64.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.5% under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 34.1% from 45 to 64, and 25.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 53 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,500, and the median income for a family was $33,958. Males had a median income of $31,458 versus $14,688 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,509. There were 6.9% of families and 11.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 18.8% of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Rock Hills USD 107 public school district. It was formed in 2006 by the consolidation of White Rock USD 104 and Mankato USD 278. The Rock Hills High School mascot is Rock Hills Grizzlies.

Formoso schools closed through school unification. The Formoso High School mascot was Formoso Falcons.

Notable people

 * John Mills Houston, politician

title: Formoso, Kansas


text:
Jewell, Kansas

Jewell is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 370.

History
The City of Jewell began in 1870 as a large sod enclosure called Fort Jewell. Named in honor of Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis R. Jewell, Sixth Kansas Cavalry, who died November 30, 1862, of wounds received in the battle of Cane Hill, Ark. November 28, 1862.

The first post office in Jewell was established in July 1870.

Jewel was incorporated as a city in 1880.

Jewell was located on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.

A new community center was built in 1999 across from the city park, it features a Public library, American Legion offices and a 4-room hotel.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.43 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 370 people, 175 households, and 90 families in Jewell. The population density was 900.2 per square mile (347.6/km$2$). There were 224 housing units at an average density of 545.0 per square mile (210.4/km$2$). The racial makeup was 92.43% (342) white or European American (91.89% non-Hispanic white), 0.54% (2) black or African-American, 0.54% (2) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.81% (3) from other races, and 5.68% (21) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.43% (9) of the population.

Of the 175 households, 16.0% had children under the age of 18; 45.1% were married couples living together; 28.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 45.1% of households consisted of individuals and 31.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.9 and the average family size was 2.5. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.7% of the population.

19.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 28.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 99.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $37,679 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,925) and the median family income was $48,750 (+/- $10,446). Males had a median income of $27,708 (+/- $2,813) versus $25,357 (+/- $10,087) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $26,518 (+/- $1,702). Approximately, 13.0% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.9% of those under the age of 18 and 18.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 432 people, 208 households, and 113 families living in the city. The population density was 1004.7 PD/sqmi. There were 251 housing units at an average density of 583.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.8% White, 1.9% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.6% of the population.

There were 208 households, of which 19.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.7% were non-families. 42.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the city was 49.2 years. 21.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.1% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 25.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 483 people, 224 households, and 133 families living in the city. The population density was 1,123.5 PD/sqmi. There were 267 housing units at an average density of 621.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.79% White, and 0.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population.

There were 224 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 26.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $34,063. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $16,528 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,713. About 13.0% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 18.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Rock Hills USD 107 public school district, which was formed in 2006 by the consolidation of White Rock USD 104 and Mankato USD 278.

Randall and Jewell schools were consolidated into Jewell-Randall schools in the 1960s. Prior to unification, the Jewell High School mascot was Jewell Wildcats. The Jewell Wildcats won the following Kansas State High School championships:
 * 1967 Boys Track & Field - Class BB
 * 1968 Boys Track & Field - Class BB
 * 1991 Boys Track & Field - Class 1A

title: Jewell, Kansas


text:
Mankato, Kansas

Mankato is a city in and the county seat of Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 836.

History
Mankato was originally called Jewell Center, and under the latter name laid out in 1872. It was renamed Mankato in 1880 after Mankato, Minnesota. Mankato was incorporated as a city in 1880.

The first post office in the town was established as Jewell Center in August 1872. The post office was renamed Mankato in April 1880.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.01 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mankato has a hot-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Mankato was 111 F on July 5, 1964, while the coldest temperature recorded was -25 F on January 10, 1982.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 836 people, 404 households, and 217 families in Mankato. The population density was 857.4 per square mile (331.1/km$2$). There were 479 housing units at an average density of 491.3 per square mile (189.7/km$2$). The racial makeup was 92.22% (771) white or European American (91.51% non-Hispanic white), 0.24% (2) black or African-American, 0.84% (7) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.72% (6) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.84% (7) from other races, and 5.14% (43) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.63% (22) of the population.

Of the 404 households, 22.0% had children under the age of 18; 43.1% were married couples living together; 27.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 41.8% of households consisted of individuals and 24.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.8. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 18.1% of the population.

20.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 18.5% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 28.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 105.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $35,455 (with a margin of error of +/- $13,171) and the median family income was $63,594 (+/- $16,067). Males had a median income of $29,375 (+/- $6,498) versus $16,339 (+/- $4,210) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $22,111 (+/- $3,473). Approximately, 4.2% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under the age of 18 and 8.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 869 people in 405 households, including 242 families, in the city. The population density was 860.4 PD/sqmi. There were 486 housing units at an average density of 481.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0%.

Of the 405 households 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.2% were non-families. 37.5% of households were one person and 18.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.71.

The median age was 51.5 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 28.3% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 976 people in 436 households, including 256 families, in the city. The population density was 964.0 PD/sqmi. There were 509 housing units at an average density of 502.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.67% White, 0.10% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92%.

Of the 436 households 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 39.0% of households were one person and 21.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.86.

The age distribution was 21.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 29.6% 65 or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median household income was $29,286 and the median family income was $41,429. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,457. About 4.9% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Rock Hills USD 107 public school district. The Rock Hills High School mascot is Grizzlies.

Prior to school unification, Mankato was home to Mankato High School with the mascot Cougars. The Mankato Cougars won the Kansas State High School boys class B basketball championship in 1943.

Notable people

 * Wint Smith (1892–1976) Congressman, represented Kansas from 1947 to 1961.
 * Ernest Tippin (1890–1958) Olympic sharpshooter.
 * Gregg Doud, Chief Agricultural Negotiator, Rank of Ambassador, in the Office of the United States Trade Representative, being confirmed March 1, 2018.

In popular culture
On November 3, 2019, YouTubers Yes Theory published a video titled "Throwing a Party in the Most Boring Town in America". The video features the group visiting Mankato and their quest to throw a party in the town.

title: Mankato, Kansas


text:
Randall, Kansas

Randall is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 79.

History
Randall was originally called Vicksburg, and under the latter name laid out in 1870. It was renamed Randall in 1882. The community was named for Edward Randall, an original owner of the site.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.18 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 79 people, 38 households, and 16 families in Randall. The population density was 454.0 per square mile (175.3/km$2$). There were 50 housing units at an average density of 287.4 per square mile (110.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 98.73% (78) white or European American (96.2% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 1.27% (1) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 0.0% (0) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.53% (2) of the population.

Of the 38 households, 23.7% had children under the age of 18; 34.2% were married couples living together; 26.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 50.0% of households consisted of individuals and 28.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.2. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 32.9% of the population.

25.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 90.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $39,375 (with a margin of error of +/- $17,084) and the median family income was $45,625 (+/- $28,576). Males had a median income of $41,103 (+/- $6,387). The median income for those above 16 years old was $31,500 (+/- $18,957). Approximately, 38.3% of families and 42.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 69.6% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 65 people, 34 households, and 20 families living in the city. The population density was 361.1 PD/sqmi. There were 65 housing units at an average density of 361.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.9% White, 1.5% African American, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.

There were 34 households, of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 41.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 32.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 2.55.

The median age in the city was 57.8 years. 16.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.9% were from 25 to 44; 30.8% were from 45 to 64; and 33.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 43.1% male and 56.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 90 people, 45 households, and 27 families living in the city. The population density was 495.6 PD/sqmi. There were 72 housing units at an average density of 396.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.

There were 45 households, out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 17.8% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 37.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $29,000. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,313. There were 3.3% of families and 4.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including 12.5% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Beloit USD 273 public school district, which operates Randall Elementary School, then go onwards to Beloit Junior-Senior High School.

Randall and Jewell schools were consolidated into Jewell-Randall schools in the 1960s. Prior to unification, the Randall High School mascot was Randall Panthers. In 2009 Beloit USD had absorbed some territory from USD 279 Jewell due to that district's dissolution.

title: Randall, Kansas


text:
Webber, Kansas

Webber is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 30.

History
In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a branch line from Neva (3 miles west of Strong City) through Webber to Superior, Nebraska. In 1996, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Santa Fe".

The first post office in Webber was established in November 1889. The community was named for Dan Webber, an original landowner.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.11 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 25 people, 13 households, and 8 families living in the city. The population density was 227.3 PD/sqmi. There were 27 housing units at an average density of 245.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 13 households, of which 7.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, and 38.5% were non-families. 38.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.92 and the average family size was 2.50.

The median age in the city was 58.8 years. 4% of residents were under the age of 18; 0.0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 8% were from 25 to 44; 52% were from 45 to 64; and 36% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 68.0% male and 32.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 37 people, 20 households, and 14 families living in the city. The population density was 333.8 PD/sqmi. There were 25 housing units at an average density of 225.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 20 households, out of which 10.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.85 and the average family size was 2.21.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 10.8% under the age of 18, 16.2% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 48.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 65 years. For every 100 females, there were 131.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,417, and the median income for a family was $26,250. Males had a median income of $16,250 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,769. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Education
The community is served by Rock Hills USD 107 public school district. It was formed in 2006 by the consolidation of White Rock USD 104 and Mankato USD 278.

title: Webber, Kansas


text:
Countryside, Kansas

Countryside was a half-mile-wide residential area in Johnson County, Kansas, USA, which was incorporated by its residents as a city on July 2, 1951, under Kansas Law. In a special election on December 3, 2002, residents voted to consolidate with the surrounding city of Mission, Kansas, in which the houses and streets had originally been built in the unincorporated Mission Township of Johnson County beginning in 1937. Countryside, as a city governmental entity, ceased to exist on January 15, 2003, however, the originally founded Countryside Homes Association, Inc. neighborhood remains active.

As a city, Countryside consisted of 133 houses of middle to upper-class value situated with Lamar Avenue on the west, West 61st Street on the north, Nall Avenue on the east and Shawnee Mission Parkway on the south. The south side of West 62nd Terrace is a parkway strip of well-kept grass and trees opening, on its far side, onto a view of West 63rd Street, which had become a divided four-lane major artery, also running in an east–west direction, through Johnson County in 1960. In 1983, the W 63rd Street, Rock Creek Pkwy, Johnson Drive (US 56 & 169) corridor was renamed Shawnee Mission Parkway to reduce confusion about the three names and multiple numbers the road carried.

Countryside was dependent on Mission, Kansas for police services, Consolidated Fire District 2 provided fire protection and it had no commercial, governmental or other non-residential buildings, except Trinity Lutheran Church, within its boundaries. Its property regulations were established by the City of Countryside ordinances and its 1937 Countryside Homes Association declarations, which were revised in 2016. Countryside was the first city to consolidate with another city in Johnson County, as opposed to being annexed, and represents the first city consolidation in Kansas, since the 1960s.

Geography
Countryside is located at 39.01611°N, -94.65528°W (39.015985, -94.655297).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 0.3 km2, all land.

Demographics
The census of 2000 provides demographics for Countryside. The census states that there were 295 people, 133 households, and 91 families residing in the city. The population density was 949.2 /km2. There were 133 housing units at an average density of 421.5 /km2. The racial makeup of the city was 99.32% White, 0.34% Native American, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population. 32.5% were German, 19.2% English, 13.6% Irish and 5.3% American ancestry according to Census 2000.

There were 133 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the city the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 2.7% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $73,958, and the median income for a family was $88,029. Males had a median income of $49,063 versus $52,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $37,129. About 2.7% of families and 1.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.1% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

title: Countryside, Kansas


text:
De Soto, Kansas

De Soto is a city along the Kansas River, in Johnson and Leavenworth counties in the U.S. state of Kansas, and part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 6,118, and the 2021 estimate is 6,380.

History
The land that would become De Soto was part of a large territory extending to present-day St. Louis that was occupied by the Osage people, who were relocated from east of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwest. After the Treaty of St Louis in 1825, the Shawnee were forcibly relocated from Cape Girardeau to southeastern Kansas near the Neosho River. Only the Black Bob band of Shawnee resisted removal, however by 1828 they too migrated west and settled in northeastern Kansas in and around De Soto along the Kansas River. Later in the 19th century, many cultures of Native Americans arrived in the area after being pushed west by European-American pressure following colonial expansion and later the discovery of Gold in 1849. Between 1829 and 1854 almost thirty tribes were assigned reservations in what would become Kansas Territory. The Shawnee Methodist Mission was built in the De Soto area to minister to the tribe. A reserve was established in Kansas and soon other Shawnee from as far east as Ohio would join the reservation. The Agency of the Shawnee Indians, also known as Lexington, was located on the southern edge of the city.

The city of De Soto was platted in the spring of 1857, named for sixteenth-century Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. In 1858, John Possum, a Shawnee man, and Hattie Possum sold 80 acre to John F. Legate, S. Todd and Stratton and Williams for $1,200. The next sale was 80 acres to the De Soto Town Company in July 1861 for $1,176. Major James B. Abbot is remembered as one of the town's pioneer landowners and the builder of Abbot Hall. Today, Abbot Hall is one of two town museums. De Soto was incorporated as a city on October 1, 1897.

With the construction of the 9080 acre Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant south of De Soto, the city's population boomed in the early 1940s during World War II. In May 1943, a Kansas City Star article reported "a town rapidly growing, with a population increase from 400 to 1,000 persons in under a year." This sudden overflow in population put a great strain on housing and other resources in the city; however, many original residents prospered during this time, buying property and starting new businesses. Production flowed steadily at the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant until the plant went on standby in March 1948, with small-scale production following shortly after until its closure in 1993.

Clearview
In 1943, nearby Sunflower Village was built to house workers for nearby Sunflower Ordnance Works. The west side "Old Village" had 853 dwellings in 1943, and the east side "New Village" had 580 pre-fab units that was completed by 1945. Housing, a school and traffic were filled and overflowing. Highway 10, the main street, is now 83rd Street. As people came in, it was getting harder to find room and places to room, board, and to dwell in, to a point that people were living in the chicken house and sleeping under quilts on the ground where the current Scout House is sitting on Wea Street. It was so unbearable that rooms that were rented out "by the shift" that other people would bring in trailers and tents. In 1955, the housing units transferred to Sunflower Ordnance Worker (SOW), then sold to private buyers. In 1961, Sunflower was sold to Quick Way Homes and renamed as Clearview City. In 1998, Clearview City was annexed by the city of De Soto, boosting the city's population by 339 people.

1951 flood
In mid-July 1951, heavy rains led to a great rise of water in the Kansas River and other surrounding areas of the central United States, known as the Great Flood of 1951. De Soto, along the south side of the river, was severely damaged. The river crest at De Soto was 42.3 ft, the highest recorded on the Kansas River during the flood. Most of the downtown area was completely flooded, with over 4 ft of standing water in some places.

Recent growth
Since the 2008 recession came to an end, growth in De Soto has steadily picked up, with substantial commercial development in the K-10 Business District.

In 2019, the Kansas City Star reported that De Soto was, and is expected to remain the second fastest-growing city in the Kansas City metro area, trailing only Spring Hill.

After the closure of the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant in 1993, plans for potential development of the 15.5 square-mile lot south of De Soto began to receive attention. After several abandoned proposals for large-scale developments and attractions, a master use plan was adopted by the authorities of Olathe, De Soto, Johnson County, and Sunflower Redevelopment Group. The master plan called for high density housing, major commercial zoning, a "downtown" area for offices, high density commercial and civic uses, and land promised to The University of Kansas, Kansas State University and the City of De Soto, as well as land being reserved for the army reserves, parks and other public spaces. However, slow cleanup and exhausted funding delayed the completion to 2038. In 2019, congressional lawmakers representing Kansas urged the Army to accelerate cleanup efforts of the land. Additional funding allocation and priority from the Army led to the announcement that the portions of the lot closest to De Soto would be ready for development by 2020.

In April 2021, unrelated to the development at the former ammunition plant site, Flint Logistics announced a proposal to construct a $500 million logistics center and high-density residential complex three miles west of De Soto, petitioning annexation of the property adjacent to the Johnson-Douglas County line.

In 2021, following extensive cleanup and decontamination of site, clearance for development was granted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the northernmost portion of the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. De Soto initiated annexation of 10 square miles, doubling the city's footprint. Shortly thereafter, De Soto established a short-term plan to improve roadway and utility access to the area, as well as establishing a TIF (tax increment financing) district, in an effort to encourage development of the largest remaining undeveloped plot of land in the region. Amidst wide speculation of a large-scale development potential on the site, in July 2022, Panasonic North America announced its intent to construct the company's first United States-based, and world's largest electric vehicle battery manufacturing facility. Panasonic's investment of over $4 billion into the site makes it the largest single private investment in Kansas' and Kansas City's history.

In October 2022, Sunflower Redevelopment Group initiated an agreement with De Soto, which included voluntary annexation of an additional 2,800 acres of the former ammunition plant, completing annexation of the entire 17 square mile property. The agreement was an amendment to the original from 2021, extending the existing TIF district into the most recently annexed portion, excluding a small portion outside of the De Soto USD 232, with most of the original stipulations left intact. The city avoided extending the TIF district into the portion of recently annexed land that lie within Gardner-Edgerton USD 231, fearing that school board would consider veto of the TIF agreement in its entirety, requiring the city to restart the agreement approval process. A part of the amended agreement is that should development not occur within the time frame, the city is not obligated to de-annex the property, as was the contingency with the original agreement. The annexation conflicted with a 1989 boundary agreement with Gardner, however a 2022 ruling by the Kansas Supreme Court on a case between Olathe and Spring Hill set a precedent, rendering the original annexation agreement unenforceable by Gardner.

In November 2022, Sunflower Redevelopment Group renamed the site of the former ammunition plant to Astra Enterprise Park.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.00 sqkm, of which 28.67 sqkm are land and 0.33 sqkm, or 1.15%, are water. While the majority of De Soto is located in northwestern Johnson County at 38.97917°N, -94.96861°W (38.9791709, -94.9685783), the golf course north of the Kansas River is located in southern Leavenworth County. De Soto mainly lies south of the Kansas River, the only city in Johnson County originally platted around the river. Four of the river's tributaries, Captain Creek, Kill Creek, Cedar Creek, Camp Creek end within the city limits.

Considered by many locals to be an exurb, rather than a suburb, De Soto is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area, and it borders other communities on the eastern edges. These include Shawnee to the northeast, Lenexa to the east, and Olathe to the southeast.

De Soto currently has annexation agreements with Olathe and Gardner, guaranteeing De Soto will be able to annex as far south as 127th Street and as far east as meeting Olathe at its western boundary. However, a 2022 Kansas Supreme Court ruling on a disagreement between Spring Hill and Olathe nullified most boundary agreements between Johnson County cities. Subsequently, in October 2022, De Soto initiated annexation of 2,800 acres south of the formerly agreed southernmost boundary with Gardner, at the behest of Sunflower Redevelopment Group, which the city argued took precedence since it was a voluntary annexation request.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 6,118 people, 2,295 households, and 1,635 families in De Soto. The population density was 543.6 per square mile (209.9/km$2$). There were 2,462 housing units at an average density of 218.7 per square mile (84.5/km$2$). The racial makeup was 79.88% (4,887) white or European American (75.99% non-Hispanic white), 0.92% (56) black or African-American, 1.0% (61) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.67% (41) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 7.18% (439) from other races, and 10.36% (634) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 16.92% (1,035) of the population.

Of the 2,295 households, 35.4% had children under the age of 18; 57.2% were married couples living together; 21.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 23.2% of households consisted of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.8 and the average family size was 3.4. The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 22.4% of the population.

24.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 104.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $60,568 (with a margin of error of +/- $23,498) and the median family income was $88,000 (+/- $30,645). Males had a median income of $53,722 (+/- $24,926) versus $25,460 (+/- $9,855) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $33,971 (+/- $8,262). Approximately, 3.2% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,720 people, 2,007 households, and 1,523 families residing in the city. The population density was 516.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,204 housing units at an average density of 199.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.7% White, 0.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 5.9% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.6% of the population.

There were 2,007 households, of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.1% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.25.

The median age in the city was 35.4 years. 28.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.5% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 9.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, here were 4,561 people, 1,642 households, and 1,246 families residing in the city. The population density was 403.0/mi2 (155.6/km$2$). There were 1,730 housing units at an average density of 152.9/mi2 (59.0/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 94.80% White, 0.20% African American, 0.94% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.69% from other races, and 1.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.86% of the population.

There were 1,642 households, out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,426, and the median income for a family was $52,219. Males had a median income of $36,203 versus $31,682 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,141. About 3.2% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 13.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Two local corporations, Great American Bank and Custom Foods, Inc., and one national corporation, Goodcents Deli Fresh Subs, are headquartered in De Soto. Huhtamaki Americas, Inc. and Engineered Air, two international enterprises, chose De Soto for their North American headquarters. In addition, Merck Animal Health, one of the world's leading manufacturers of animal health supplies, selected De Soto for one of its four U.S. manufacturing facilities. Rehrig Pacific, a plastics manufacturer, chose De Soto to house their Midwestern U.S. operations. In 2019, Biodesix, a lung cancer research company, opened a testing and research laboratory in De Soto.

Panasonic
In 2021, following extensive cleanup and decontamination of site, clearance for development was granted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the northernmost portion of the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. De Soto initiated annexation of 6,376 acres, increasing the city's footprint from 7,400 acres to 13,776 acres, nearly doubling in size. Shortly thereafter, De Soto established a short-term plan to improve roadway and utility access to the area, as well as establishing a TIF (tax increment financing) district, in an effort to encourage development of the largest remaining undeveloped plot of land in the region. In early 2022, the Kansas legislature passed a bill, referred to as APEX, signed by Governor Laura Kelly, providing $800 million in tax breaks and incentives on a proposed $4 billion project by a company whose identity was concealed by a non-disclosure agreement between the two parties. It was believed that this project was to either be developed in De Soto, or Pryor Creek, Oklahoma, due to the extensive amount of land that was expected to be required.

On July 13, 2022, state officials announced during a press conference that Panasonic was the company in question, and had selected De Soto for its planned $4 billion electric-vehicle battery manufacturing facility, to be constructed on the northernmost portion of the former Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. The facility is expected to provide 4,000 direct jobs, with an estimated 4,000 additional jobs by non-direct development related to the facility, and 16,000 construction jobs. It is the largest, costliest single development in Kansas' history, and will be one of the largest private employers in the state once operational, which is expected to be in July, 2024.

Largest employers
the largest employers in the city are:

Arts and culture
Between 1999 and 2000, a barn that had originally been built in the 1880s was moved piece by piece from a farmstead and placed on the Zimmerman farm at the northwest corner of the Kill Creek Road and K-10 interchange. The barn was historically called the White-Waitmann barn but after its erection in 2000, by contractors and community volunteers, it also became known as the Zimmerman barn. The barn was not only a piece of American history, but it became well known throughout the community because the owner, Darrel Zimmerman, allows the public to pay a fee and use the barn for events such as weddings, graduations, and other meetings. However, a fierce storm demolished the barn in May 2010. The barn was rebuilt in 2013, after it was determined that Zimmerman could not locate another historic-looking barn to move on the location.

The Day After was filmed on in De Soto, signed in the film as.

All Creatures Here Below is partially set in De Soto, but filmed in Kansas City.

In the science fiction novel The Calculating Stars, the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant south of De Soto became the headquarters and primary spaceport of the International Aerospace Coalition due to its proximity to Kansas City, the new capital of the United States.

Official Ice Cream Flavor
In 2024, De Soto introduced an official ice cream flavor as part of a community engagement initiative. The flavor, Chocolate Chip, was chosen by the city's young residents during a special "Government Day" event at City Hall, reflecting the involvement of future leaders in local traditions.

Events

De Soto Days Festival - This annual event begins on the Thursday before Labor Day and runs until the holiday itself, making it the third longest Labor Day festival in the county. The fair has booths and three stages, entertaining patrons annually on the 3 operating days.

Winesong at Riverfest - A cultural attraction which began in 2012, is a wine festival hosted by the De Soto Rotary Club annually in early June. The event features wineries from the Midwest, and includes samples, appetizers, music and art competitions.

Government

De Soto is a Kansas city of the second-class. ZIP Codes that serve De Soto are 66018, 66019, 66025, and 66061.

The De Soto government consists of a mayor and five council members, with a council appointed president. The council meets the first and third Thursday of each month at 7:00 p.m and the planning commission meets on the fourth Tuesday of the month. The De Soto City Council is an At-Large Representation, meaning the council serve the entire city, at-large, versus a single designated portion per member. City Hall is located at 32905 West 84th Street.

2016 mayoral recall
An effort to recall Mayor Tim Maniez and City Councilmember Bill McDaniel from their positions was launched in February 2016. Recall supporters submitted their petition applications against Maniez and McDaniel to the Johnson County Elections Board on February 18, 2016. Judy Macy and other De Soto residents filed petitions against Maniez and McDaniel due to concerns about meeting decorum. The petition against Maniez noted his lack of control over meetings, while the McDaniel's petition cited argumentative and negative behavior. Recall organizers also expressed frustration with the firing of city administrator Cynthia Wagner in February 2016. The matter was considered abandoned on November 7, 2017, when both parties were voted against additional terms.

Education
DeSoto is served by De Soto USD 232 public school district, which has two high schools: De Soto High School (located in De Soto) and Mill Valley High School (located in Shawnee).

Library
The Johnson County Library System maintains the De Soto Downtown Library.

Newspapers
The De Soto Explorer was started in 1998 and served as De Soto's main news source for 14 years, until the closure of the printing facility and website in 2012. In the fall of 2015, Discovering De Soto magazine released its first preview edition. In 2017, the De Soto City Council motioned to fund issues of Discovering De Soto in order to distribute the magazine by mail and around local businesses. In 2018, the De Soto City Council once again motioned to fund upcoming issues of Discovering De Soto for the year.

The Kansas City Star and the Lawrence Journal-World both cover and deliver to De Soto.

Road
De Soto is served by several highways:

 * runs through most portions of southern De Soto. Four exits have a direct connection to De Soto.
 * Exit – Evening Star Road
 * Exit – Edgerton Road
 * Exit – Lexington Avenue, formerly (Decommissioned in 1999)
 * Exit – Kill Creek Road
 * runs about 5 mi north of De Soto. Two junctions have a direct connection to De Soto.
 * Junction – 189th Street (Leavenworth County)
 * Junction – 158th Street (Leavenworth County)
 * / run concurrently about 7 mi north of De Soto, in Leavenworth County. provides a connection to De Soto.
 * (Leavenworth County), crosses the Kansas River, providing Johnson County's only connection to Leavenworth County.
 * (Leavenworth County)
 * (Leavenworth County)
 * (Leavenworth County)
 * West 103rd Street / Lexington Avenue / West 83rd Street runs through De Soto. West 103rd Street enters De Soto as a rural arterial from Douglas County, runs adjacent to the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, and curves to run diagonally through the city as a minor arterial, signed as Lexington Avenue. Once exiting the main portion of De Soto, Lexington Avenue curves to run east–west again and is signed thereafter as West 83rd Street, providing a direct connection to Shawnee, Lenexa, Overland Park, and Kansas City. Originally designated as from 1926 to 1976, and as  from 1976 to 1999.

Rail
De Soto was settled in 1828 as a city along the Kansas River. Several years later, in 1857, the Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe Railway constructed track through northern portions of town, parallel to the river. De Soto's train depot was constructed along a siding around 1860. In 1900, a railyard was constructed east of town to allow the switching of freight cars from Topeka to Kansas City. The yard consisted of seven rails along the main line and siding. Portions of the yard are still in use today to store unused freight cars. However, only three lines remain, as the others were removed to save on maintenance.

In 1942, during the construction of the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, the U.S. army constructed a spur through De Soto to connect the plant to a main rail line. To this day the spur is used for the industrial district shipments.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in De Soto include:
 * Stanley Adams (1922-1999), U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel, Medal of Honor Recipient
 * Mandy Chick (born 2001), American stock car racer
 * Howard Gloyd (1902-1978), herpetologist
 * Greyson Jenista (1996), Atlanta Braves minor league, right fielder
 * Frank Lee (1873-1952), U.S. Representative from Missouri
 * John Outland (1871-1941), American Football Player and Coach
 * Kenneth Spencer (1902-1960) Coal mine owner and philanthropist

title: De Soto, Kansas