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Osceola, Arkansas

Osceola is a city in, and a dual county seat of, Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. Located along the Mississippi River within the Arkansas Delta, the settlement was founded in 1837 and incorporated in 1853. Occupying an important location on the river, the city's economy grew as steamboat traffic increased. Timber and cotton harvesting would develop, and the city experienced rapid growth and development throughout the early 20th century. The city's economy has since diversified to include a robust industrial sector. The population was 6,976 at the 2020 census, down from 7,757 in 2010.

Prehistory
During the prehistoric period, Osceola and Mississippi County were largely swampland, with dense forest cover. The area was inhabited by Native American tribes. Europeans arrived around the time of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

Louisiana Purchase through Statehood
Initial white visitors to the area were speculators, hunters, and outlaws, but the remote region remained sparsely populated by settlers. The extremely intense New Madrid earthquake swarm, produced by the New Madrid Seismic Zone nearby in present-day Missouri, struck the area in 1811–12. The results were widespread soil liquefaction and a change in geography that produced "sunken lands", which were sandy berms of silt and sediment disturbed by the earthquakes. Some tracts of land were sunk over 50 ft and disappeared underneath newly formed lakes (such as Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee), or transformed from green forests to stagnant swamps.

Following continuing speculation and settlement in the area in the years after the earthquakes, two settlers, William Bard Edrington and John Price Edrington, negotiated the acquisition of Native American lands along the Mississippi River. By this point, the combination of abundant timber as an obvious economic asset and easy access to shippers and travelers along the river began driving growth in the region. In 1837, the settlement adopted the name "Plum Point".

Antebellum period, Civil War and Reconstruction
The Plum Point community had developed into a successful waypoint on the Mississippi as well as a hub for the timber required to power the steamboats that had become common on America's waterways. Settlers began to explore the uses for the fertile soils now ripe for row agriculture following clearing of the dense forests. It became apparent that the soil supported cotton extremely well, which was already a popular crop elsewhere in the South due to heavy European demand driven by the Industrial Revolution and resulting high market prices. Farmers from other cotton states began to relocate to Mississippi County and throughout the Arkansas Delta, bringing slaves, "King Cotton" culture and the plantation agriculture system with them. In 1853, the community had changed from mostly silviculture to agricultural, had a total of 250 residents, and officially incorporated as "Osceola".

Osceola strongly supported secession in 1861, and raised a volunteer company called the Osceola Hornets to fight for the Confederacy. The unit was under command of Captain Charles Bowen within the 2nd Confederate Infantry. Osceola saw thousands of Union troops enter the area in 1862 in preparation to assault Fort Pillow and Memphis. On the river, the Battle of Plum Point Bend took place between the Confederate River Defense Fleet and the Union Mississippi River Squadron in 1862. Osceola itself was mostly subject to raids from both armies and guerrilla warfare that resulted in burning, pillaging and damage throughout the city.

Following the Civil War, race relations began to tighten between plantation owners who had lost the slave labor that fueled their successful plantations, poor whites who were suddenly in competition for work and social status with freedmen, and the former slaves who continued to face deprivation of their rights despite the war's outcome. Whitecapping by the Ku Klux Klan and other groups promoted a lawless atmosphere in Mississippi County. Violent racial encounters were common in the county and throughout the Arkansas Delta. An extreme example from Mississippi County was nicknamed the Black Hawk War. The racial violence and lawlessness continued to escalate, eventually resulting in Governor Powell Clayton declaring Mississippi County and thirteen other counties under martial law from November 1868 until March 1869.

The New South

Osceola is the county seat of Mississippi County, and is also the seat of one of two judicial districts. Blytheville was named a secondary judicial district in 1901.

Anchoring the town square is the 1912 neoclassical Mississippi County Courthouse, with a copper-roofed dome. The courthouse is bordered by the Hale Avenue Historic District and other structures on the National Historic Register of Historic Places. The Mississippi County Historical Center is located in a 1904 building that once housed a dry goods store.

Osceola is famous for its role in the development of blues music, and many famous blues musicians either came from Osceola or performed there. To celebrate this heritage, Main Street Osceola has been hosting the Osceola Heritage Festival since 1998.

Geography
Osceola is located in east-central Mississippi County. The city's eastern border follows the levee that protects it from the Mississippi River. The Tennessee border is less than 1000 ft to the east of the levee, in a narrow channel of the Mississippi separated from the main river by Island Number 30. To the west the city limits extend as far as Interstate 55 and its Exit 48 (Arkansas Highway 140 / West Keiser Avenue). I-55 leads north 18 mi to Blytheville and south 42 mi to West Memphis. U.S. Route 61 is the main road through the center of Osceola, using Keiser Avenue and Walnut Street.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Osceola has a total area of 9.4 sqmi, all land.

Region

The county is located in the Arkansas Delta, one of the six primary geographic regions of Arkansas. The Arkansas Delta is a subregion of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, which is a flat area consisting of rich, fertile sediment deposits from the Mississippi River between Louisiana and Illinois.

Geology
Osceola is within the New Madrid Seismic Zone, a major seismic zone and a prolific source of intraplate earthquakes. The area experienced the highest magnitude earthquake in North America east of the Rocky Mountains in the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes.

Hydrology
The eastern edge of Osceola is the Mississippi River, which is also the state border between Arkansas and Tennessee. The river has provided opportunity for the Osceola since it was founded as a waypoint for river travelers in 1833. Steamboats allowed Osceola to continue to leverage its position on the river as a shipping port for timber and cotton from the surrounding fields.

Although critical to the growth and development of Osceola, the river has also been a source of adversity for the community. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the most destructive river flood in the history of the United States, and another flood in 1937 both damaged Osceola significantly, displacing hundreds of citizens and ruining crops.

Climate
Osceola has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa).

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 6,976 people, 2,750 households, and 1,728 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 7,757 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 53.9% Black, 41.9% White, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from some other race and 1.3% from two or more races. 2.5% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,875 people, 3,183 households, and 2,314 families living in the city. The population density was 1,135.9 PD/sqmi. There were 3,551 housing units at an average density of 454.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 47.39% White, 51.03% Black or African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. 1.34% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,724 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 25.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 29.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,163, and the median income for a family was $26,588. Males had a median income of $27,526 versus $18,788 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,327. About 26.0% of families and 31.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.0% of those under age 18 and 25.7% of those age 65 or over.

Mayor–city council
Osceola operates within the mayor-city council form of government. The mayor is elected by a citywide election to serve as the chief executive officer (CEO) of the city by presiding over all city functions, policies, rules and laws. Once elected, the mayor also allocates duties to city employees. The city council consists of six members, two elected from each of the cities three wards, who form the legislative body for the city. Also included in the council's duties is balancing the city's budget and passing ordinances. The body also controls the representatives of specialized city commissions underneath their jurisdiction.

Education
Public education for early childhood, elementary and secondary students is provided by the Osceola School District, which leads students to graduate from Osceola High School. The mascot and athletic emblem is the Seminole with purple and gold serving as the school colors.

Infrastructure
The City of Osceola Public Works Department contains seven subdivisions responsible for providing essential city services to the citizens and businesses of Osceola. Directly under city administration are the Animal Shelter, Code Enforcement, Fire Department and Police Department. A municipally-owned entity named Osceola Municipal Light & Power houses the Electric, Street and Sanitation, and Water & Wastewater departments.

Electric
Osceola Municipal Light & Power provides power to customers within Osceola, and some nearby customers beyond the city limits via a distribution system they own and operate. The power source is a mixture of city generation facilities and purchased power from Mississippi County Electric Cooperative, a member of Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation.

Water/Wastewater
Osceola's source for drinking water is the Wilcox Aquifer, located 1500 ft beneath the city. Three sites throughout town pump raw water from this aquifer to the ground surface, where air is added to lower the iron content. Next, chlorine, lime and polymer are added to soften the water. The water is then clarified, filtered and held in ground storage tanks (600000 gal total capacity) before being pumped into a 120 ft, 1.25 e6USgal elevated storage tank, which set the city's static water pressure. The city owns and operates approximately 45 mi of water mains, ranging in diameter from 2 – with an average static pressure of 52 psi. Osceola experiences an average demand of 1.75 e6USgal per day. A wellhead protection ordinance has been in effect since 2002.

Wastewater is collected from customers and conveyed using gravity sewers, lift stations and force mains. The system has 21 lift stations to pump wastewater over rises in terrain where gravity flow is not economical. Wastewater ultimately reaches the Osceola Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF), which has a design capacity of 2.5 e6USgal per day. At the WWTF, influent wastewater is treated in faculative lagoons in accordance with the city's NPDES permit administrated by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). Water is treated within the lagoons for two to four months before being discharged to the Mississippi River via a pumping station. An industrial pretreatment program has been in effect since 2004.

Industry
Osceola is home to several industries that manufacture a variety of items. American Greetings, a privately owned American company which is the world's largest greeting card producer, opened in Osceola in 1961 as the largest manufacturing facility under one roof in Arkansas. The plant occupies 2.6 million square feet or 60 acres and is the largest employer in Mississippi County.

In 2016, Big River Steel, a $1.3 billion Flex Mill focused on producing flat-rolled steel for the automotive oil and gas, and electrical energy industries, opened in Osceola, after being announced in 2013. It is the biggest and one of the most technologically advanced construction project to ever take place in Arkansas.

In 2022, Envirotech Electric Vehicles announced that they will move their manufacturing operations from California, USA to Osceola, Arkansas resulting in about 800 jobs and an investment of $80.7 million investment over the next five years.

Other industry:

 * Actagro – Organic and acid-based fertilizers
 * Arkansas Steel Processing – Steel Cutting
 * Bunge Corp – Agribusiness grain merchandising
 * Consolidated Grain and Barge – Agribusiness grain merchandising
 * DENSO Manufacturing – Car air conditioners, heavy equipment, radiators
 * Evonik CYRO – Acrylic plastic sheeting
 * Kagome Creative Foods – Margarine, flavored oils & seasoning
 * Mid-River Terminal – Barge loading and unloading
 * NAES Plum Point Power Station – 665MW pulverised coal plant
 * Producers Mid-South – Cottonseed products & storage
 * SMS Millcraft – Industrial Maintenance
 * Systex Products – HVAC molding parts for Toyota
 * Telling Industries – Steel studs
 * Viskase Corp – Cellulosic casings for the meat industry

Notable people

 * Bill Alexander, U.S. Representative from First Congressional District, 1969–1993
 * David Barrett, New York Jets cornerback
 * Joseph H. Bradford, lawyer and state legislator
 * Maurice Carthon, former NFL and USFL player
 * Ran Carthon, former running back with the Indianapolis Colts and general manager of the Tennessee Titans
 * Dale Evans, wife of Roy Rogers, TV and movie star
 * Calvin Frazier, blues guitarist
 * Buddy Jewell, the first Nashville Star winner
 * Cortez Kennedy, former NFL defensive lineman
 * Albert King, blues musician
 * Robert "Say" McIntosh, political and civil rights activist
 * Gaylon Nickerson, former NBA player
 * Bill Ramsey, played baseball for the Boston Braves
 * Billy Lee Riley, Sun Records artist, rockabilly star
 * Harvey Scales, rhythm and blues and soul music performer
 * Son Seals, blues guitarist
 * Jimmy Thomas, soul singer; member of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue
 * James Williams, former NFL player
 * Kemmons Wilson, Holiday Inn founder
 * Reggie Young, guitar legend recording artist, Elvis, Nashville

title: Osceola, Arkansas


text:
Victoria, Arkansas

Victoria is a town in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 20 as of the 2020 census, down from 37 in 2010. It is named after a sister of the town's founder, Robert E. Lee Wilson.

History
Robert E. Lee Wilson, a prominent late-19th century planter, established several small towns in Arkansas. These include Armorel, Marie, and Wilson - all of which are also in Mississippi County - as well as Victoria itself, which was named after his sister. Wilson's daughter, also named Victoria, married Frank Wesson (an heir of the firearms manufacturer), and the company they established, now known as "Wesson Farms", still operates much of the land around Victoria. The town incorporated in 1966 and reported a population of nearly 200 four years later, but it has gradually declined since.

Geography
Victoria is located in central Mississippi County and lies along State Highway 158, 8 mi northwest of Osceola, the county seat. State Highway 181 passes just to the west, and Interstate 55 passes 2.5 mi to the east, with access from Exit 53.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.32 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 37 people living in the town. 94.6% were White Non-Hispanic, and 5.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the 2000 census, there were 59 people, 21 households, and 14 families living in the town. The population density was 73.5/km$2$ (191.7/mi2). There were 30 housing units at an average density of 37.4/km$2$ (97.5/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.31% White, and 1.69% other races, such as Hispanic or Latino.

There were 21 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, and 33.3% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.50.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 33.9% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 5.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 129.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,750, and the median income for a family was roughly the same. Males had a median income of $19,500, versus $11,667 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,721. None of the families and only 5.3% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no individuals under eighteen and none over 64.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary students is provided by the Southern Mississippi County School District. Students graduate from Rivercrest High School located in nearby Wilson.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Victoria, Arkansas


text:
Wilson, Arkansas

Wilson is a city in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. The community is located in the Arkansas Delta and is surrounded by fertile cropland historically used to produce cotton. Wilson started as a company town in 1886 by Robert E. Lee Wilson, who would build a cotton empire and run it from the city. The Wilson Company would become so successful that all of the town's buildings were rebuilt in the Tudor Revival architectural style following Wilson's son's honeymoon to England in 1925. Wilson incorporated in 1959, becoming a town with public roads and municipal government. The extensive property holdings of the Lee Wilson and Company remained in the Wilson family until 2010. The community has seen a rapid decline in economic activity and population since the advent of mechanization on the farm, reducing the need for manual labor to produce cotton. The population was 766 at the 2020 census, down from 903 at the 2010 census.

History
Wilson started as a company town for Robert E. Lee Wilson's nearby logging and sawmill operation founded in 1886. The village prospered when Wilson decided to use the cleared land for agriculture instead of selling it after logging. In 1900, a major archaeological find occurred near Wilson when James K. Hampson discovered the Island 35 Mastodon. All residents of Wilson except the postmaster and railroad employees had access to company doctors for $1.25 annually ($ in dollars), a rarity in the poverty-stricken Arkansas delta. The company also employed people to work in Wilson's basic service industries, such as drycleaning and automobile repair, keeping the standard of living high.

After Wilson's son, Wilson Jr., and his wife returned from their England honeymoon enthralled with the Tudor style in 1925, all subsequent public buildings were built with Tudor architecture, including retrofits to all existing public structures. The town incorporated in 1959, selling the houses to the renters living in them and gaining access to tax income it was previously excluded from as a company entity. As technology advanced on the farm, fewer employees were needed and many moved from Wilson to seek other employment.

On January 27, 1921, the lynching of Henry Lowry happened near Wilson; some 500 people participated in the burning of a black sharecropper.

Geography
Wilson is in southern Mississippi County, in the Arkansas Delta region of the state. The area is dominated by the Mississippi River flood plains, trees and fields. Along and parallel to the Tennessee–Arkansas state line, the former course of the Mississippi River as it was before the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes is still visible in the landscape more than 200 years after the events. The former riverbed has shrunk to small side arms of the Mississippi which, dependent on the water level and precipitation, are still partly connected to the river. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.05 sqmi, all land.

The town is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 61 (US 61) and Arkansas Highway 14. The segment of US 61 through Wilson has been designated as part of the Great River Road, a tourist route to display the heritage of communities along the Mississippi River. Highway 61 leads north 11 mi to Osceola, the Mississippi county seat, and southwest 19 mi to Turrell.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 766 people, 355 households, and 267 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 903 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 74.6% White, 21.7% Black, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% from some other race and 1.6% from two or more races. 1.0% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 939 people, 364 households, and 264 families living in the town. The population density was 338.8/km$2$ (873.9/mi2). There were 386 housing units at an average density of 139.3/km$2$ (359.3/mi2). At the time of the survey 73.27% of the population was White, 26.30% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.32% from other races. 0.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.

There were 364 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,625, and the median income for a family was $38,971. Males had a median income of $30,526 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,738. About 10.7% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 20.2% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Agriculture is the predominant source of income in the area surrounding Wilson, especially the cultivation of cotton. After the abolition of slavery, sharecropping was the primary means of income for low income families in the area. Mostly for the cultivation of cotton, land would be used by sharecroppers in return for a share of the crop to the landowner. Modern machines like the cotton picker have made manual cultivation obsolete over time as they took over the work from the hand laborers.

Tourism

The Hampson Museum State Park in downtown Wilson exhibits an archeological collection of early American aboriginal artifacts from the Nodena site 5 mi (8 km) east of the town. The museum documents the culture of a civilization which existed in a 15-acre (60,703 m2) palisaded village on a meander bend of the Mississippi River in the area around 1400–1650 CE. Cultivation of crops, hunting, social life, religion and politics of that ancient civilization are topics of the exhibition.

In 1964, the Nodena site was declared a National Historic Landmark, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places two years later.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary school students is available from the Wilson-based Rivercrest School District (formerly Southern Mississippi County School District), which leads to graduation from Rivercrest High School.

The Wilson school district merged into the South Mississippi district in 1968.

title: Wilson, Arkansas


text:
Brinkley, Arkansas

Brinkley is the most populous city in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,700, down from 3,188 in 2010.

Located within the Arkansas Delta, Brinkley was founded as a railroad town in 1872. The city has historically been a transportation and agricultural center in the region, more recently developing a reputation for outdoors recreation and the ivory-billed woodpecker. Birding has become important to the city and region following the purported discovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker in 2004, a species thought to be extinct 60 years earlier.

Located halfway between Little Rock and Memphis, the city has used the slogan "We'll Meet You Half-Way" in some of its advertising campaigns.

History
In 1852, a land grant for the construction of rail lines was given to the Little Rock and Memphis Railroad Company, led by its president Robert Campbell Brinkley. Born in North Carolina, Brinkley lived in Memphis, where he served a public career of "noble deeds and generous conduct" and for many years served as president of Planters Bank. Between 1852 and 1869, the settlement was called "Lick Skillet". When the day's work was completed, the railroad construction crew, mostly all immigrants from neighboring towns, cooked their supper over an open fire and returned to their homes when the last "skillet was licked".

The construction of the rail lines between Little Rock and Memphis brought the city of Brinkley into being. Brinkley is situated in the northern part of Monroe County, the halfway point between the two larger cities. It was laid out in the winter of 1869 on lands belonging to the railroad.

A petition request was granted to incorporate Brinkley on August 6, 1872, at which time the town had 50 qualified voters. The original charter was filed with the Arkansas Secretary of State on August 21, 1872. The Cotton Plant Railroad (later called the Batesville and Brinkley Railroad and the White and Black River Valley Railway) originated from the town in 1879, and the Texas and St. Louis Railway was built through Brinkley in 1883. The Brinkley, Helena and Indian Bay Railway connected to town in about 1889, the line later becoming the Arkansas Midland Railroad and subsequently the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway in 1910.

On March 8, 1909, much of the town was destroyed by a violent F4 tornado, which resulted in 49 deaths. Entire families were lost to the tornado, and approximately 800 buildings in the community were destroyed. The tornado was 2/3 of a mile wide.

Duck hunting is a major source of income for the city during the months of November, December and January. With many rice fields flooded for the winter, and being located on the Mississippi Flyway, ducks are very prevalent throughout the region. Men and women from around the United States come to Brinkley for guided hunts throughout the season.

Geography
Brinkley is in northern Monroe County, 69 mi east of Little Rock, the Arkansas capital, and 72 mi west-southwest of Memphis, Tennessee. U.S. Routes 70 and 49 join in the city as Main Street, with US 70 turning east on Cypress Street in the center of town. US 70 leads east-northeast 5 mi to Wheatley and west-southwest 14 mi to Biscoe, while US 49 leads north-northeast 74 mi to Jonesboro and southeast 51 mi to Helena-West Helena. The Brinkley city limits extend north along US 49 to its interchange with Interstate 40, which connects Memphis and Little Rock. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.14 sqmi, of which 5.69 sqmi are land and 0.46 sqmi, or 7.41%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brinkley has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 Census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,700 people, 1,179 households, and 759 families residing in the city.

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,940 people, 1,543 households, and 972 families residing in the city. The population density was 719.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,731 housing units at an average density of 315.9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 49.09% White, 49.05% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. 1.12% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,543 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 20.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $19,868, and the median income for a family was $27,820. Males had a median income of $26,117 versus $16,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,441. About 23.8% of families and 30.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.6% of those under age 18 and 18.7% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism
Brinkley is located 10 mi east of the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge, where in February 2004 the ivory-billed woodpecker was purportedly rediscovered after having thought to be extinct for over 60 years. Brinkley has attempted to capitalize on its good fortune of being the largest city near the refuge and the rediscovery of the woodpecker.

In addition to the ivory-billed sightings, since July 2005 at least two confirmed reports of bald eagle nests have been found in the Monroe County area. Further, the swamps of the Cache River are believed to contain among the oldest cypress trees in the United States.

Brinkley opened a convention center in 1996 which can seat up to 600 people; in February 2006 the center hosted a conference commemorating the second anniversary of the ivory-billed woodpecker's rediscovery.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by the Brinkley School District, which leads to graduation from Brinkley High School.

Transportation
From its ties to the transportation industry, the city of Brinkley continues to maintain a position at the center of major transportation arteries. Brinkley is located in Monroe County in the rich relics from the past and rolling farmlands of the Arkansas Delta. The halfway point between Little Rock and Memphis, it is a convenient oasis for travelers along Interstate 40 (I-40), one of the busiest interstates in the United States. The city is also located on U.S. Route 49 (US 49), providing transit north–south, and US 70, an additional east–west corridor.

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines.

Notable people

 * Dorathy M. Allen, the first woman elected to the Arkansas Senate
 * Al Bell, record producer, songwriter, and record executive
 * Curtis Burrow, former member of the Green Bay Packers
 * Jerry Eckwood, former Arkansas Razorbacks football player and member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
 * John Handcox, Great Depression-era tenant farmer and union advocate renowned for his politically charged songs and poetry
 * Betty Cooper Hearnes, Missouri state representative
 * Louis Jordan, born in Brinkley, jazz and early rock & roll musician inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
 * Herbert "Flight Time" Lang, current member of the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team and three-time participant in The Amazing Race
 * Tommy Robinson, former Pulaski County sheriff, 2nd District congressman, and gubernatorial candidate

title: Brinkley, Arkansas


text:
Clarendon, Arkansas

Clarendon is a city in, and the county seat of, Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. Located in the Arkansas Delta, the city's position on the White River at the mouth of the Cache River has defined the community since first incorporating in 1859. Although the river has brought devastation and disaster to the city occasionally throughout history, it has also provided economic opportunities, transportation, recreation and tourism to the city.

Once home to a variety of industries, today Clarendon's economy is largely based on agriculture. Similar to many Delta communities, the city's population has been dwindling since mechanization on the farm reduced the number of agricultural-related jobs in the area. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,526, the lowest value recorded since 1890.

Settlement through antebellum period
The area around Clarendon was originally populated by various Native American groups. By 1799, French hunters and trappers had built cabins at the mouth of the Cache River. It was the point where the Military Road from Memphis, Tennessee, to Little Rock crossed the White River. The Military Road was begun in 1826 and completed in 1828. By that date, a ferry crossing and post office had been established in Clarendon, and the town served as the terminus for a stagecoach line to the west. The Military Road was used as the route for some groups of Native Americans being relocated from eastern states to Oklahoma during the forced relocations commonly known as the Trail of Tears; Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Cherokee groups are known to have traveled along it.

The town also acquired railroad connections. In 1872 the town was added to the Arkansas Central Railway, later the Arkansas Midland Railroad, linking it to the Mississippi River port of Helena, Arkansas. Though it required construction of a 4-mile-long White River bridge and trestle, Clarendon was added to the line of the Texas and St. Louis Railway, a continuous system between Texas and Missouri, by mid-1883. The Texas and St. Louis Railway trackage became the St. Louis Southwestern Railway or “Cotton Belt” in 1891, and the Arkansas Midland trackage later became the part of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway in 1910.

Civil War and Reconstruction
The city of Clarendon was officially incorporated in 1859. In 1864, the city was burned to the ground by Union forces in retaliation for the sinking of the tinclad Union gunboat USS Queen City by forces under the command of Confederate Brigadier General Joseph O. Shelby. The town's charter was dissolved in 1884, and it was reincorporated in 1898.

Gilded age through early 20th century
In the early 1900s, Clarendon developed a number of industries, including lumber, staves and barrels, oars, and buttons made from the shells of the area's plentiful freshwater mussels. The mussels also provided freshwater pearls, which were bought and sold at the Clarendon Pearl Market. The Moss Brothers Bat Company supplied baseball bats to a number of major league baseball players during this era.

Like most of eastern Arkansas, Clarendon was devastated by the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. The main levee at Clarendon held until the White River reached a height of 38.5 ft, 8.5 ft above normal flood stage; the flood eventually crested at 44 ft. While no fatalities were reported, the town was inundated by water up to the second floor of many buildings, and the catastrophic inrush of water when the levee broke caused considerable damage to many buildings. The cleanup of mud and debris took many years.

World War II onwards
The area around Clarendon today is primarily agricultural; tourism related to the area's hunting and fishing resources is the most common non-agricultural economic activity. The reported rediscovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker in 2004–2005 in the Cache River and White River National Wildlife Refuges has brought new attention to the area.

Geography
Clarendon is 16 mi southwest of Brinkley, 21 mi northeast of Stuttgart, and 33 mi west-southwest of Marianna.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.93 sqmi, of which 1.75 sqmi are land and 0.18 sqmi, or 9.28%, are water. Clarendon is located at the mouth of the Cache River, where it empties into the White River.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Clarendon has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,526 people, 741 households, and 397 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,960 people, 814 households, and 520 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,072.9 PD/sqmi. There were 925 housing units at an average density of 506.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 68.47% White, 30.20% Black or African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.05% Asian, and 0.82% from two or more races. 2.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 814 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,927, and the median income for a family was $30,250. Males had a median income of $25,972 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,902. About 20.8% of families and 28.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.4% of those under age 18 and 26.5% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The economy of Clarendon is largely defined by the agricultural sector. The city and Clarendon School District are also key employers in the city.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by the Clarendon School District, which includes:

 * Clarendon Elementary School, serving prekindergarten through grade 6.
 * Clarendon High School, serving grades 7 through 12.

Healthcare
The Mid-Delta Health Center in Clarendon provides medical and dental services to residents in Clarendon and the surrounding area. A total of 3,318 patients utilized the clinic in 2013 according to the Bureau of Primary Health Care.

Transportation
The major highway through Clarendon is U.S. Highway 79, which gives access to Stuttgart to the south, Marianna to the east and Brinkley (via U.S. Highway 49) to the north. Within the city, U.S. Highway 79B serves the central business district. Highway 302 is a north–south highway that begins at Madison Street in Clarendon and runs north to Highway 17 very near U.S. Highway 70.

The historic Clarendon Bridge over the White River has been replaced with a new alignment to the south of Clarendon by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT). U.S. Highway 79 was slightly rerouted, with several miles of new bridges constructed over the White River, Cache River, Roc Roe Bayou, and several other waterways. The 1931 bridge, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), has been subject to local restoration efforts as a bike and pedestrian path. The main span of the bridge was demolished using explosives on the morning of November 19, 2019.

Utilities
Wastewater is collected and conveyed to the Clarendon Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) south of town. The facility uses a lagoon system, filters, and chlorination to produce treated effluent in accordance with the city's NPDES permit administrated by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ).

title: Clarendon, Arkansas


text:
Fargo, Arkansas

Fargo is a town in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census it had a population of 57, down from 98 in 2010.

History
Main lines and branches of railroads were being built across Arkansas in the late 1880s. By 1898, two of them—the St. Louis Southwestern Railway running roughly north–south, and the Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad (M&NA) running roughly east–west—crossed. A post office with the name Fargo was established at the crossing, but it was not yet a town. In 1911, the two railways built a depot in Fargo.

At least 33 settlements formed along the railroad as the M&NA was built, including Fargo, where Leroy Mahon owned the farmland at the railroad crossing.

Development as a "freedmen's town"
Leroy Mahon platted the land and created a settlement for Black families. In doing so, he created a freedmen's town.

Leroy ("Lee") Washington Mahon was born into slavery as Leroy Stenhouse in 1861 in Greenville County, South Carolina. The surname Stenhouse was the same as their slaveowners. When freed, his parents and their children worked as sharecroppers. In 1888, Leroy and his brother Tom moved to Monroe County, Arkansas for better opportunities. In about 1900, Leroy changed his surname to Mahon, and in 1911 he platted the town on 40 acre of his farmland and Black homeowners bought plots and built homes.

The first established church in Fargo was called First Baptist and Bethel Presbyterian.

In 1920, Floyd B. Brown established the Fargo Agricultural School, which brought students from across the state and had some financial supporters even outside Arkansas. The school focused on outreach and community service in Fargo, gravelling the mud roads, bringing electricity and telephone service to the town, and holding an annual farmers' conference that brought hundreds of farmers to the area to share information and knowledge.

Geography
Fargo is located in northern Monroe County along U.S. Route 49, which leads south 4 mi to Brinkley and north 8 mi to Hunter. Interstate 40 passes 3 mi south of Fargo, with access from Exit 216 (US 49).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.47 sqmi, of which 0.02 sqmi, or 3.59%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 118 people, 41 households, and 31 families residing in the town. The population density was 70.1 /km2. There were 50 housing units at an average density of 29.7 /km2. The racial makeup of the town was 53.39% White, 45.76% Black or African American, 0.85% from other races.

There were 41 households, out of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.0% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 38.1% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $19,583 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,634. There were 26.5% of families and 30.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 31.8% of under eighteens and 72.7% of those over 64.

Notable people
Actress and comedian Sasheer Zamata is the great-granddaughter of Leroy Mahon. This was discovered on the TV show Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates Jr. which aired on January 7, 2020.

title: Fargo, Arkansas


text:
Holly Grove, Arkansas

Holly Grove is a city in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 460, down from 602 in 2010.

The town started as a plantation community which was a suburb of Lawrenceville, which was the seat of Monroe County until 1857. However, the construction through Holly Grove in 1872 of the Arkansas Central Railway, later the Arkansas Midland Railroad, caused Lawrenceville to shrink and Holly Grove to grow. The town was officially incorporated in 1876.

Geography
Holly Grove is located south of the center of Monroe County 11 mi southwest of Clarendon, the county seat, and 18 mi west of Marvell.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, of which 0.02 sqmi, or 1.86%, are water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 460 people, 266 households, and 170 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 722 people, 301 households, and 176 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,023.0 PD/sqmi. There were 347 housing units at an average density of 491.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 26.87% White, 72.58% Black or African American, 0.14% Asian, and 0.42% from two or more races. 0.14% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 301 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.9% were married couples living together, 28.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $15,294, and the median income for a family was $17,232. Males had a median income of $24,444 versus $18,438 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,047. About 37.7% of families and 42.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 61.3% of those under age 18 and 31.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Holly Grove is within the Clarendon School District. On July 1, 2004, the Holly Grove School District was merged into the Clarendon School District.

Notable people

 * Myrtle Smith Livingston (1902–1974), American educator and playwright

title: Holly Grove, Arkansas


text:
Roe, Arkansas

Roe is a town in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. Located at the junction of U.S. Route 79 and Arkansas Highway 33, the population was 68 at the 2020 census, down from 114 in 2010.

History
Roe began as a railroad depot around 1880 on the Cotton Belt (officially the St. Louis Southwestern Railway). Originally located in Prairie County, a boundary adjustment in 1883 placed it in Monroe County. The small community saw new growth when U.S. Route 79 was constructed through the town in 1935. Roe was incorporated as a town in 1968.

Geography
Roe is located in western Monroe County. Via U.S. Route 79, it is 14 mi northeast of Stuttgart and 7 mi southwest of Clarendon, the Monroe county seat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.18 sqmi, all land. Roe is in the small portion of Monroe County that is west of the White River, and it is situated along the northern edge of the Grand Prairie in the Arkansas Delta.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Roe has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 124 people, 50 households, and 36 families residing in the town. The population density was 252.0/km$2$ (636.5/mi2). There were 56 housing units at an average density of 113.8/km$2$ (287.5/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 91.94% White, 7.26% Black or African American, and 0.81% from two or more races.

There were 50 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $50,000. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $33,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,028. There were 6.7% of families and 9.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 12.1% of under eighteens and 20.0% of those over 64.

title: Roe, Arkansas


text:
Black Springs, Arkansas

Black Springs is a town in Montgomery County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 96 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Black Springs is located in southwestern Montgomery County. Arkansas Highway 8 passes through the town, leading east 2 mi to Norman and west through the Ouachita Mountains 35 mi to Mena.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.45 sqmi, of which 0.002 sqmi, or 0.44%, are water. The town lies on a low ridge between the Caddo River to the south and a tributary, Lick Creek, to the north. The Caddo is a southeast-flowing tributary of the Ouachita River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 114 people, 46 households, and 33 families residing in the town. The population density was 102.4 /km2. There were 52 housing units at an average density of 46.7 /km2. The racial makeup of the town was 97.37% White, and 2.63% from two or more races.

There were 46 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.2% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 2.6% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 13.2% from 45 to 64, and 28.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,000, and the median income for a family was $25,250. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,312. There were 16.1% of families and 23.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 34.8% of under eighteens and 10.3% of those over 64.

Government
Town government in Arkansas is divided into a mayor, a board of five aldermen, and a recorder-treasurer. Board meetings are held on the second Tuesday of each month at the Black Springs Community Center.

Politics
In Congress, Arkansas has been represented by two Republican senators (John Boozman and Tom Cotton) since January 3, 2015, ending a long history of Democratic hegemony. In the House of Representatives, Black Springs and Montgomery County is within the Arkansas 4th district, which contains almost the entire southwestern half of the state. The Arkansas 4th has been represented by Bruce Westerman since 2015.

In the Arkansas Senate, Black Springs is within the 10th District. The district encompasses almost all of the Ouachita Mountain counties. The 10th has been represented by Larry Teague (D) of Nashville since 2013. In the Arkansas House of Representatives, Black Springs is within the 20th District, which contains Montgomery, Polk, and Sevier counties. The 20th has been represented by John Maddox (R) of Mena since 2017.

Education
It is in the Caddo Hills School District.

Utilities
Entergy Arkansas is the sole provider of electricity in almost all of Montgomery County, including Black Springs.

Notable people

 * Boyd Anderson Tackett, U.S. Representative for Arkansas's 4th congressional district from 1949 to 1953

title: Black Springs, Arkansas


text:
Mount Ida, Arkansas

Mount Ida is a city in and county seat of Montgomery County, Arkansas, United States. Founded in 1842, the city saw a silver boom in the 1880s bring early prosperity and economic development to the area.

Today, the economy is largely ranching, poultry farming, silviculture, and tourism around Lake Ouachita. It is known as the quartz crystal capital of the U.S. and is known worldwide for its quartz deposits. The population was 996 as of the 2020 census.

History
Mount Ida was incorporated on May 30, 1890.

Episode 133, entitled "What's in my Pocket?", of the popular podcast Small Town Murder, hosted by James Pietragallo and Jimmie Whisman, featured Mount Ida on August 22, 2019.

Geography

Mount Ida is located in central Montgomery County on the south bank of the South Fork of the Ouachita River. US Route 270 and Arkansas Highway 27 pass through the town. US 270 leads east 36 mi to Hot Springs and northwest 86 mi to Heavener, Oklahoma, while AR 27 leads northeast 46 mi to Danville and southwest 9 mi to Norman. Mount Ida, the mountain, is about 5 mi southwest of the town along Route 27.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Mount Ida has a total area of 1.60 sqmi, of which 0.03 sqmi, or 1.94%, are water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Mount Ida has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 996 people, 428 households, and 273 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 981 people, 412 households, and 257 families residing in the city. The population density was 598.5 PD/sqmi. There were 471 housing units at an average density of 287.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.53% White, 0.10% Black or African American, 1.94% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. 0.51% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 412 households, out of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.2% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 18.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 34.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,438, and the median income for a family was $30,714. Males had a median income of $25,875 versus $20,179 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,532. About 18.9% of families and 23.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and recreation
The Ouachita National Forest is located in Montgomery County, and is close to Mount Ida. It is the South's oldest and largest national forest, and offers scenic areas like Little Missouri Falls, and hiking and backpacking trails. Lake Ouachita, one of the largest lakes in the region, is partially situated within Montgomery County.

Notable people

 * Mark Davis, professional sport fisherman of the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society; born in Mount Ida
 * Lon Warneke, Major League Baseball player, Major League umpire; born in Mount Ida
 * Charles L. Watkins, first Parliamentarian of the United States Senate; born and raised in Mount Ida

title: Mount Ida, Arkansas


text:
Norman, Arkansas

Norman is a town in Montgomery County, Arkansas, United States. It was known as Womble until 1925. The population was 303 at the 2020 census, down from 378 in 2010.

Geography
The town is located in southern Montgomery County at the intersection of Arkansas highways 8 and 27. It is 9 mi south of Mount Ida, the county seat, and 13 mi northwest of Glenwood. Norman is situated on the northeast bank of the Caddo River (which defines the town's southwestern city limits) and is surrounded by the Ouachita National Forest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.14 sqmi, of which 0.014 sqmi, or 1.23%, are water.

Norman is part of a local region that was formerly known as Womble. The west end of the town is unofficially known as Middlebuster and was in the past known as "Poor Horse".

There is a Caddo Native American burial ground on the southern end of town. It was discovered by city officials, led by then-mayor Duane Cox, who protected it with a wooden fence. Recently, descendants of the Caddo added to the site a footpath and benches as well as plaques containing historical information regarding the living habits of Native Americans.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 423 people, 190 households, and 117 families residing in the town. The population density was 140.8/km$2$ (364.8/mi2). There were 224 housing units at an average density of 74.6/km$2$ (193.2/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.56% White, 1.42% Native American, 0.95% Asian, 0.95% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. 2.84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 190 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.2 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 72.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $20,481, and the median income for a family was $25,417. Males had a median income of $28,250 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,807. About 21.0% of families and 29.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.8% of those under age 18 and 22.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by the Caddo Hills School District, which leads to graduation from Caddo Hills High School.

The Norman School District merged into the Caddo Gap one in 1971.

Attractions

 * Crystal Springs Dam
 * Crystal Springs Camp Shelter

Transportation

 * Arkansas Highway 8
 * Arkansas Highway 27

title: Norman, Arkansas


text:
Oden, Arkansas

Oden is a town in Montgomery County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 180, down from 232 in 2010.

Geography
Arkansas Highway 88 (Broadway Avenue) is the main road through the town, leading east 2.5 mi to Pencil Bluff and west 28 mi to Mena. Mount Ida, the Montgomery county seat, is 11 mi southeast of Oden via AR 88 and US 270.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Oden has a total area of 0.84 sqmi, of which 0.02 sqmi, or 2.75%, are water. The Ouachita River flows past the south side of the town, outside the town limits.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 220 people, 79 households, and 65 families residing in the town. The population density was 99.9/km$2$ (258.2/mi2). There were 93 housing units at an average density of 42.2/km$2$ (109.1/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.4% White, 1.8% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, and 0.5% from two or more races.

There were 79 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.7% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.7% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $36,563. Males had a median income of $21,944 versus $17,292 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,610. About 7.6% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 15.2% of those 65 or over.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by the Ouachita River School District, which includes Ode Maddox Elementary School and Oden High School. The Ouachita River School District was established by the merger of the Oden School District and the Acorn School District July 1, 2004.

Some nearby unincorporated areas are zoned to:
 * Mount Ida School District, which leads to graduation from Mount Ida High School.

title: Oden, Arkansas


text:
Bluff City, Arkansas

Bluff City is an unincorporated town (no elected mayor) in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 158 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 2.3 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 158 people, 66 households, and 46 families residing in the town. The population density was 69.4 PD/sqmi. There were 90 housing units at an average density of 39.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 27.22% White, 71.52% Black or African American and 1.27% Native American.

There were 66 households, out of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 129.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $25,500, and the median income for a family was $26,667. Males had a median income of $37,917 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,358. About 19.0% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 17.4% of those 65 or over.

Highways

 * [[Image:Arkansas 24.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 24
 * [[Image:Arkansas 299.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 299
 * [[Image:Arkansas 387.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 387

title: Bluff City, Arkansas


text:
Bodcaw, Arkansas

Bodcaw is a town in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 121 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Patents on the land that would become Bodcaw began to be claimed in the 1850s, and a post office and stagecoach stop were established in 1878. By 1890, businesses and industries were operating in the area and a Baptist school known as the 'Bodcaw Academy' had been established.

The Bodcaw Academy was damaged by a tornado in 1915, and was not rebuilt. Public schools in the area were consolidated at Bodcaw in 1941, but in time, they would be further consolidated into the Nevada School District at Rosston. The post office was closed in 1959, but in 1969, the town was incorporated to provide services to the community.

As was the case with similar small towns, Bodcaw's population declined as its citizens began to centralize around the state's growing transportation corridors. By 2016, few retail businesses remained in Bodcaw. Major employers in the area included Nevada School District, along with opportunities in timber, cattle and chicken farming, mining, and oil and gas production.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 7.8 km2, of which 7.7 km2 is land and 0.1 km2 (1.32%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 154 people, 63 households, and 44 families residing in the town. The population density was 20.0 /km2. There were 77 housing units at an average density of 10.0 /km2. The racial makeup of the town was 98.70% White and 1.30% Black or African American. 1.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 63 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $45,313. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $28,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,574. About 18.6% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 6.9% of those 65 or over.

Highways

 * [[Image:Arkansas 53.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 53
 * [[Image:Arkansas 32.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 32

Public schools
Public education for elementary and secondary school students in Bodcaw is provided by the Nevada School District, which leads to graduation from Nevada High School. As of the 2014–2015 school year, the district encompasses 345.15 mi2 of land, supports more than 400 students, and employs more than 80 educators and staff at its two schools and district offices

Nevada School District includes the following school facilities:
 * Nevada Elementary School, serving kindergarten through grade 6.
 * Nevada High School, serving grades 7 through 12.

On July 1, 1985 Bodcaw School District merged into the Nevada County School District.

Notable people

 * Virginia Clinton Kelley, mother of former U.S. President Bill Clinton.
 * Jeff Dwire, second stepfather of former U.S. President Bill Clinton.

title: Bodcaw, Arkansas


text:
Cale, Arkansas

Cale is a town in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 75 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town was named after Cale Wardell.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, 2.8 km2, of which 2.5 km2 is land and 0.2 km2 (8.33%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 75 people, 30 households and 21 families residing in the town. The population density was 29.5 /km2. There were 40 housing units at an average density of 15.8 /km2. The racial makeup of the town was 97.33% White and 2.67% Black or African American.

There were 30 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,063, and the median income for a family was $58,438. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $37,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,611. There were 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 11.1% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Highways

 * [[Image:Arkansas 200.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 200

Education
Nevada School District serves the area.

On July 1, 1985 Cale School District merged into the Nevada County School District.

title: Cale, Arkansas


text:
Prescott, Arkansas

Prescott is a city and the county seat of Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The community had a population of 3,296 at the 2010 census. Prescott is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Located 100 miles southwest of Little Rock, Prescott was developed on the Prairie D'Âne, named by French colonists before the United States acquired this area. The prairie consisted of approximately 25–30 square miles of rolling open land, surrounded by forest. The area had been a well-known crossroads prior to construction of the Cairo & Fulton Railroad. To the west lies the city of Washington, to the east lies the city of Camden, while to the south lies the Red River, with Shreveport, Texarkana, and Dallas beyond.

As of 2014, Prescott and Nevada County had sixteen properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Elkin's Ferry Battleground and the Prairie D'Ane Battlefield are further recognized as National Historic Landmarks within a National Historic Landmark District.

History
The city of Prescott was not platted until 1873 during Reconstruction. It was to be a station stop for the Cairo & Fulton Railroad then under construction. The railroad was constructed parallel to the Southwest Trail through northern Nevada County. Prescott was incorporated on October 6, 1874.

The original town site consisted of 48 blocks, 24 on each side of the railroad. The streets were platted in a grid pattern from the railroad line. Streets running east–west use the railroad as a dividing line between their eastern and western halves, and streets running north–south use Main Street as a dividing line between their northern and southern halves.

Prescott grew quickly because the railroad provided a reliable way to transport local products to larger markets. The first post office opened in November 1873, and the first newspaper, The Banner, was established in 1875. The Nevada County seat was moved to Prescott in 1877, which contributed to the town's commercial importance. It became a center of law and government in the county. By the late 1890s, Prescott had its own telephone system and water and light plant.

The timber industry became important to the region's early economy when in 1890, James H. Bemis & Benjamin Whitaker built the Ozan Lumber Company plant in Prescott. That same year, Dr. R. L. Powers began constructing the Prescott & Northwestern Railroad. It transported lumber, peaches, cotton and other products. It also provided passenger service, connecting adjacent communities to the Missouri Pacific Railroad Depot in Prescott.

Historians have speculated on the naming of Prescott: whether it was named after William Hickling Prescott, of Salem, Massachusetts, who was a friend of Cairo & Fulton Railroad officials Thomas Allen and Henry Marquand, or where it was named after the County Surveyor, W. H. Prescott.

Geography
Prescott is located on south-southwest section of Prairie D'Âne. The large open prairie was named by French colonists and is located in the Arkansas Timberlands region of the Ark-La-Tex. Prescott is situated in the Gulf Coastal Plain, near the Little Missouri River. This waterway provides Prescott with drinking water and recreational opportunities.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.5 sqmi, of which 6.5 sqmi is land and 0.15% is water.

Climate
The climate in Prescott is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Prescott has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,101 people, 1,212 households, and 804 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,686 people, 1,421 households, and 912 families residing in the city. The population density was 564.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,643 housing units at an average density of 251.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 53.31% White, 44.49% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 1.17% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. 1.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,421 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,612, and the median income for a family was $28,665. Males had a median income of $27,384 versus $17,289 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,515. About 27.5% of families and 32.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.7% of those under age 18 and 39.6% of those age 65 or over.

Annual events
The Fall Festival and Trade Days showcases games, activities and numerous entertainment and sports events. These include a 5K run/walk, arts & crafts booths, a BQ cook-off, balloon liftoff, beauty pageant, bunco tournament, co-ed softball tournament, dessert contest, dunking booth, face painting, food vendors, a great pumpkin treasure hunt, pet costume contest, pie eating contest, sidewalk sales, and the Tyson/Calvin Brown basketball tournament.

Libraries
The Prescott/Nevada County Library was completed on November 4, 2003. It is located in downtown Prescott, and is administered by the Southwest Arkansas Regional Library System.

Museums
The Nevada County Depot & Museum is the depot building was designed by Missouri Pacific Railroad architect E. M. Tucker, who also designed railway stations in Little Rock and Texarkana. It was constructed in 1912 and houses permanent exhibits on the Civil War Battles, Railroads, and general history of Prescott and Nevada County. The museum also houses an area archive that is open to researchers.

Public Schools
Prescott's public school system was founded in 1877. Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by the Prescott School District, which leads to graduation from Prescott High School. As of the 2015–2016 school year, the district serves more than 1,000 students and employs more than 175 faculty and staff.

Prescott School District includes the following three school facilities:
 * Prescott High School, serving students in grades 9 through 12.
 * Prescott Junior High School, serving students in grades 5 and 8.
 * Prescott Elementary School, serving students in prekindergarten through grade 4.

Air

 * Kizer Field, (4F7) on the eastern edge of the city.

Rail

 * Missouri Pacific Railroad
 * Prescott & Northwestern Railroad

Highways

 * I-30 (AR).svg Interstate 30
 * US 67.svg U.S. Highway 67
 * US 371.svg U.S. Highway 371
 * Arkansas 332.svg Arkansas Highway 332
 * Arkansas 24.svg Arkansas Highway 24
 * Arkansas 19.svg Arkansas Highway 19

Radio

 * 1370 AM KTPA – "The talk of South Arkansas."
 * Social Media-News
 * SWARK.Today (Southwest Arkansas), Hope-Prescott

Notable people

 * Kirby Allan (Pittman), born 1928, in Prescott, record producer.
 * Frederick W. Allsopp - author. Allsopp Park, in Little Rock, was named in his honor.
 * Grady Gammage - (born 1892, Prescott) - Arizonan educator, president of Northern Arizona University and Arizona State University. Gammage Auditorium in Tempe, Arizona was named in his honor.
 * Walt Goldsby - MLB outfielder, St. Louis Browns, Washington Nationals, Richmond Virginians, Baltimore Orioles.
 * Oren Harris - US Representative and United States District Court judge.
 * Jerry Louis Latin - (born 1953, Prescott) - NFL running back, St. Louis Cardinals and St. Louis Rams.
 * Ira E. McMillian - (born 1908, Prescott) - U.S. Navy Rear Admiral and Navy Cross recipient.
 * Thomas Chipman McRae - Arkansas Representative, Governor, US Representative, US Congress.
 * Jim Moore (baseball) - (born 1903, Prescott) - MLB pitcher, Cleveland Indians and Chicago White Sox.
 * John C. Munn - (born 1906, Prescott) - Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps.
 * Anita Pointer - entertainer, The Pointer Sisters.
 * Charles Randolph Prim - (born 1896, Prescott) - NLB pitcher, Kansas City Monarchs.
 * Floyd Robinson - (born 1936, Prescott) - MLB outfielder, Chicago White Sox, Cincinnati Reds, Oakland Athletics, and Boston Red Sox.
 * Mike Ross (politician) - Arkansas Senate, US Representative and Democratic nominee for governor in 2014. (Arkansas's 4th congressional district)
 * John Shackelford - NLB outfielder, Cleveland Browns, Harrisburg Giants, Chicago American Giants, and Birmingham Black Barons.
 * Paul Silas - (born 1943, Prescott) - NBA player and head coach.
 * Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson - (born 1888, Prescott) - Vaudeville entertainer and promoter.
 * Chuck Tompkins - (born 1889, Prescott) - MLB pitcher, Cincinnati Reds.
 * Daniel Eugene "Danny" Walters - (born 1960, Prescott) - NFL cornerback, San Diego Chargers.

Points of interest

 * Carolina Methodist Church - (Private) A one-story wood frame rectangular ecclesiastical building that is an excellent example of early vernacular Greek Revival style architecture.
 * De Ann Cemetery - Final resting place for early settlers of Prescott and Nevada County.
 * Elkin's Ferry Battleground - National Historic Landmark of the Civil War.
 * Moscow Methodist Church and Cemetery - (Private) Original area of local settlement and commerce prior to construction of the Cairo and Fulton Railroad.
 * Historic Washington State Park - Located 25 miles southwest of Prescott, the park offers visitors guided tours which interpret the history of this pioneer settlement, originally located on the Southwest Trail. The park hosts Civil War reenactments, the annual Jonquil Festival, and a Christmas Festival.
 * Prairie D'Ane Battlefield - National Historic Landmark of the Civil War.
 * Prescott Commercial Historic District - Downtown Area of unique Architecture and Commerce.
 * Prescott Raceway – Offers 1/4-mile drag racing.
 * Sterling Square Park – Includes brick sidewalks with memorial pavers, benches, and a fountain. A mural illustrates historic scenes from the area.
 * White Oak Lake State Park and Poison Springs Battleground State Park - Located 22 miles east of Prescott, the parks include campsites, pavilions, picnic sites, trails, playgrounds, and a visitor center with exhibits and interactive programs. The parks are an interpretation gateway to the Camden Expedition, and the Red River Campaign.

title: Prescott, Arkansas


text:
Reader, Arkansas

Reader is an unincorporated census-designated place in Nevada and Ouachita counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, its population is 66. Per the 2020 census, the population was 40.

The Nevada County portion of Reader is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area, while the Ouachita County portion is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 2.3 mi2 (6.1 km$2$), all land.

2010 Census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 66 people living in the CDP. The racial makeup of the CDP was 48.5% White, 42.4% Black, 7.6% Asian and 1.5% from two or more races.

As of the census of 2000, there were 82 people, 28 households, and 19 families living in the town. The population density was 35.0/mi2 (13.5/km$2$). There were 43 housing units at an average density of 18.4/mi2 (7.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 50.0% White and 50.0% Black or African American.

There were 28 households, out of which 57.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.53.

In the town the population was spread out, with 42.7% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 6.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 127.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $14,375, and the median income for a family was $14,583. Males had a median income of $25,938 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,037. There were 39.1% of families and 38.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 42.9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary school students in the Ouachita County section is available from Camden Fairview School District, which leads to graduation from Camden Fairview High School.

Residents in the Nevada County portion are zoned to the Prescott School District, which operates Prescott Elementary School, McRae Middle School, and Prescott High School.

title: Reader, Arkansas


text:
Rosston, Arkansas

Rosston is a town in south-central Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 265 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 11.6 km$2$ (4.5 mi2), of which 11.5 km$2$ (4.4 mi2) is land and 0.1 km$2$ (0.04 mi2) (0.45%) is water.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 265 people, 95 households, and 72 families residing in the town. The population density was 23.0/km$2$ (59.5/mi2). There were 118 housing units at an average density of 10.2/km$2$ (26.5/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 41.89% White, 57.74% Black or African American, 0.38% from other races. 0.38% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 95 households, out of which 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.7% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,500, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $27,708 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,957. About 20.7% of families and 26.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 32.5% of those 65 or over.

Highways

 * [[Image:US 371.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 371
 * [[Image:US 278.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 278
 * [[Image:Arkansas 200.svg|25px]] Arkansas Highway 200

Public Schools
Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by the Nevada School District, which leads to graduation from Nevada High School. As of the 2014–2015 school year, the district encompasses 345.15 square miles (893.9 km2) of land, supports more than 400 students, and employs more than 80 educators and staff at its two schools and district offices

Nevada School District includes the following school facilities:
 * Nevada Elementary School, serving kindergarten through grade 6.
 * Nevada High School, serving grades 7 through 12.

Notable person

 * Thomas Chipman McRae, United States House of Representatives (1885 to 1903), 26th Governor of Arkansas.

title: Rosston, Arkansas


text:
Willisville, Arkansas

Willisville is a town in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 148 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.1 km$2$ (1.6 mi2), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 188 people, 76 households, and 57 families residing in the town. The population density was 45.4/km$2$ (117.5/mi2). There were 85 housing units at an average density of 20.5/km$2$ (53.1/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 79.26% White, 19.15% Black or African American, 1.06% Native American, and 0.53% from two or more races. 1.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 76 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $36,875 versus $12,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,925. About 13.8% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 5.9% of those 65 or over.

Highways

 * [[Image:US 371.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 371
 * [[Image:Arkansas 32.svg|20px]] Arkansas Highway 32

Public Schools
Public education for elementary and secondary school students in Willisville is provided by the Nevada School District, which leads to graduation from Nevada High School. As of the 2014–2015 school year, the district encompasses 345.15 square miles (893.9 km2) of land, supports more than 400 students, and employs more than 80 educators and staff at its two schools and district offices

Nevada School District includes the following school facilities:
 * Nevada Elementary School, serving kindergarten through grade 6.
 * Nevada High School, serving grades 7 through 12.

On July 1, 1985 Willisville School District merged into the Nevada County School District.

Notable person

 * Joyce Elliott, Arkansas Senator, 33rd District.

title: Willisville, Arkansas


text:
Jasper, Arkansas

Jasper is a city in Newton County, Arkansas, United States. According to the 2020 census, its population is 547. The city is the county seat of Newton County.

Jasper is part of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.5 sqmi, all land.

Major highway

 * [[Image:Arkansas 7.svg|20px]] Highway 7

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 547 people, 240 households, and 137 families residing in the city.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 498 people in 231 households, including 115 families, in the city. The population density was 940.4 PD/sqmi. There were 261 housing units at an average density of 492.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.98% White, 0.01% Native American, 0.01% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 233 households 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.8% were non-families. 48.5% of households were one person and 27.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.82.

The age distribution was 21.3% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 18.7% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 31.1% 65 or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 63.7 males.

The median household income was $13,556 and the median family income was $26,668. Males had a median income of $21,458 versus $16,786 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,557. About 25.9% of families and 31.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.6% of those under age 18 and 25.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Jasper is headquarters for the Jasper School District, which is geographically one of the state's largest and serves portions of five counties. Jasper School District includes the Jasper Elementary School and Jasper High School.

title: Jasper, Arkansas


text:
Western Grove, Arkansas

Western Grove is a town in northeastern Newton County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 384 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.8 km$2$ (1.1 mi2), all land.

Major highway

 * [[Image:US 65.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 65

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 354 people, 186 households, and 136 families residing in the town.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 407 people, 169 households, and 126 families residing in the town. The population density was 145.5/km$2$ (375.1/mi2). There were 193 housing units at an average density of 69.0/km$2$ (177.9/mi2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.51% White, and 0.49% from two or more races. There were 169 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,722, and the median income for a family was $30,694. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $16,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,731. About 11.2% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Western Grove is within the Ozark Mountain School District, which operates Western Grove High School.

On July 1, 2004, the former Western Grove School District consolidated into the Ozark Mountain School District.

title: Western Grove, Arkansas


text:
Bearden, Arkansas

Bearden is a city in northeastern Ouachita County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 966 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.1 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 776 people, 392 households, and 248 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 966 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 58.7% White, 32.5% Black, 0.3% Native American, 0.2% Asian and 2.5% from two or more races. 5.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,125 people, 443 households, and 295 families living in the city. The population density was 976.7 PD/sqmi. There were 495 housing units at an average density of 429.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 65.07% White, 32.44% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 1.07% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. 1.51% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 445 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 16.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,420, and the median income for a family was $30,573. Males had a median income of $28,611 versus $14,886 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,904. About 18.3% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 19.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public education for elementary and secondary students is provided by the Bearden School District, which includes:

 * Bearden Elementary School, serving kindergarten through grade 6.
 * Bearden High School, serving grades 7 through 12.

Notable people

 * Marion H. Crank, politician, born in Bearden in 1915
 * James H. Cone (1938–2018), Father of Black Liberation Theology, raised in Bearden, Arkansas.

title: Bearden, Arkansas