text:
Fairhope, Alabama

Fairhope is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, located on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay. The population was 22,477 at the 2020 census. Fairhope is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area, which includes all of Baldwin County.

History
Fairhope was founded on November 15, 1894, on the site of the former Alabama City as a Georgist "Single-Tax" colony by the Fairhope Industrial Association, a group of 28 followers of economist Henry George who had incorporated earlier that year in Des Moines, Iowa. Their corporate constitution explained their purpose in founding a new colony:

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In forming their demonstration project, they pooled their funds to purchase land at "Stapleton's pasture" on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay and then divided it into a number of long-term leaseholds. The corporation paid all governmental taxes from rents paid by the lessees, thus simulating a single-tax. The purpose of the single-tax colony was to eliminate disincentives for productive use of land and thereby retain the value of land for the community.

"Fairhope Avenue" was one of the properties on the 1910 version of the board game The Landlord's Game, a precursor of Monopoly.

In 1907, educator Marietta Johnson founded the School for Organic Education in Fairhope. The school was praised in John Dewey's influential 1915 book Schools of Tomorrow. Dewey and Johnson were founding members of the Progressive Education Association.

Fairhope became a popular wintering spot for artists and intellectuals. Sherwood Anderson, Clarence Darrow, Wharton Esherick, Carl Zigrosser, and Upton Sinclair were among its notable visitors.

The Fairhope Single-Tax Corporation still operates, with 1,800 leaseholds covering more than 4000 acre in and around the current city of Fairhope. Despite the ideals of the corporation, the town has transitioned from utopian experiment to artists' and intellectuals' colony to boutique resort and affluent suburb of Mobile. White flight from nearby Mobile has caused the population of Baldwin County to almost triple since the 1940s, and particularly since desegregation, contributing to the mostly-White demographics of Daphne, Fairhope, and Spanish Fort.

In 2019 the New York Times termed Fairhope to be "A Southern Town That’s Been Holding On to Its Charm, for More Than a Century".

Geography
Fairhope is located on the shore of Mobile Bay. It is located 6 mi south of Daphne and 10 mi south of Spanish Fort. U.S. Route 98 (Greeno Road) runs north–south through the city. It lies on a sloping plateau.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 31.1 sqkm, of which 0.019 square mile (0.05 km2), or 0.16%, is water. Its elevation ranges from sea level at the bay to 122 ft in the city center.

Climate
Fairhope has a humid subtropical climate. It experiences hot, humid summers and generally mild winters, with average temperatures ranging from 90 F in the summer to 50.4 F during winter.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 22,477 people, 7,790 households, and 5,606 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 15,326 people, 6,732 households, and 4,395 families residing in the city. Its population density was 1271 /sqmi. There were 7,659 housing units at an average density of 634.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.1% White, 6.2% Black, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. 2.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,732 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.84.

21.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $66,157, and the median income for a family was $93,549. Males had a median income of $60,591 versus $36,218 for females. The per capita income for the city was $35,086. About 5.0% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Fairhope is governed by a mayor and five-person city council which was last elected in 2016. The mayor serves as the full-time city executive, while council members serve part-time.

Mayor: Sherry Sullivan.

Council members:
 * Jack Burrell
 * Corey Martin
 * Jimmy Conyers
 * Robert Brown
 * Kevin Boone

Development

Local and national real estate developers have built commercial facilities in the downtown area that are larger than have been historically allowed.

Fairhope's building and zoning ordinances overlap with those of Baldwin County. Residents of the city want more control of construction projects near, but still outside the city limits, while residents outside the city limits want less city control of their property.

Education
Fairhope's public schools are part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system:
 * Fairhope High School (9–12) – 1,575 students, Principal Jon Cardwell. Fairhope High School is located in the southernmost part of Fairhope. It is estimated that 39% of the city of Fairhope's high school age students attend Daphne High School that is north of Fairhope.
 * Fairhope Middle School (7–8) – 802 students, Principal Angie Hall
 * J. Larry Newton School (K–6) – 769 students, Principal Patrice Krueger, (Barnwell, Alabama)
 * Fairhope West Elementary School (K-6) – 1,011 students, Principal
 * Fairhope East Elementary School (K-6) – 725 students, Principal

Other schools in Fairhope include:
 * The Marietta Johnson School of Organic Education – continues to operate as a private school with 19 students as of 2023. The school offers education to life groups that traditionally span 1st through 8th grades.
 * St. Michael Catholic High School – beginning in 2016 with grades 9–12, adding a grade each year thereafter for a total enrollment 356
 * Bayshore Christian School – beginning in 2002 with Kindergarten, adding a grade each year thereafter, currently offering PreK-12th grade for a total enrollment 435
 * Faulkner State Community College – has a campus in Fairhope that provides adult education, undergraduate courses, non-credit and community service programs
 * The University of South Alabama – has a branch campus in Fairhope providing graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses in education, counseling, nursing and business alongside non-credit and community service programs

Notable people

 * Maude Balln, civil rights activist
 * Pinky Bass, photographer
 * Bob Baumhower, football player and businessman
 * Rick Bragg, writer
 * Jimmy Buffett, singer and songwriter
 * Grayson Capps, singer songwriter
 * Eugenia S. Chapman, educator and Illinois state representative
 * Dave Edwards, musician
 * Grant Enfinger, professional race car driver
 * Fannie Flagg (Patricia Neal), author and actress
 * Abbi Glines, writer
 * Winston Groom, novelist (Forrest Gump)
 * Fred Nall Hollis (Nall), artist
 * Marie Howland, 19th century utopian and journalist
 * Marietta Johnson, educator and reformer
 * David King, former NFL defensive back
 * Leon Lett, football player
 * Dean Mosher, artist, author and historian
 * George M. Murray, bishop in the Episcopal Church
 * Burton Ritchie, entrepreneur
 * Philip Rivers, former NFL quarterback
 * Janie Shores, Alabama Supreme Court justice
 * Anis Shorrosh (1933–2018), Palestinian Evangelical Christian author, speaker, and pastor
 * Eddie Stanky, former Major League Baseball player and manager
 * Dave Stapleton, former baseball player
 * Thompson Square, country music duo
 * Bill Varney, film sound editor
 * Bob Weltlich, former college basketball coach

title: Fairhope, Alabama


text:
Foley, Alabama

Foley is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. The 2010 census lists the population of the city as 14,618. Foley is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area, which includes all of Baldwin County.

History
Foley was named for its founder, John B. Foley of Chicago. As Foley was traveling to President William McKinley's funeral in 1901, he met a railroad agent who told him of the area in South Baldwin County. Foley came down the following year, and liked what he saw, buying between 40000 acre and 50000 acre of land. He then returned to Chicago and formed the Magnolia Springs Land Company, currently known as the Magnolia Land Company. As he began to sell off acreage, he realized the need for a better way for the people to come to Foley.

Foley used some of his own money to lay the rails so the train could come from Bay Minette. The first railroad station was built in 1905. The original station burned in 1908 and was replaced the following year by the station that is now the city's museum. John Foley donated parcels of land for a school, railroad station, park and churches. These included the current Catholic Church, Saint Margaret of Scotland, the Baptist church and the Methodist church. He also invested in a hotel, a demonstration farm, a bank and the utility company.

The first train to service Foley was a wood burner called the "Pine Knot Special." It would leave Foley in the morning and make a return trip in the afternoon. As people cleared the land, they would place lighter knots in a wood box for the engineer to use as was needed. Foley was incorporated in 1915 with G. I. Weatherly serving as its first mayor.

Geography
Foley is located at 30°24'20.138" North, 87°40'53.432" West (30.405594, -87.681509).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.89 sqmi, of which 25.76 sqmi is land and 0.4% is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 20,335 people, 8,090 households, and 4,298 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 14,618 people, 6,165 households, and 4,124 families residing in the city. The population density was 530.8 PD/sqmi. There were 7,359 housing units at an average density of 284.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 77.1% White, 14.9% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.7% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 9.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,165 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 20.9% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,221, and the median income for a family was $50,854. Males had a median income of $36,959 versus $26,855 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,967. About 15.4% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.9% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Foley is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system. Two elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school serve the city of Foley.

Post-secondary school

 * Fortis College

High school

 * Foley High School (9-12)

Middle school

 * Foley Middle School (7-8)

Primary schools

 * Foley Elementary School (K-6)
 * Florence B. Mathis Elementary (K-6)
 * Magnolia Elementary Schools (K-6)
 * Swift Consolidated Elementary (K-6)

Foley Public Library
The Foley Public Library has in excess of 50,000 volumes, internet computers, children's reading programs and public meeting rooms for civic organizations.

Points of interest
The City of Foley Antique Rose Trail features over five hundred varieties of fragrant roses.

OWA is a 520-acre resort destination located in Foley near the commercial corridor of South McKenzie Street. Owned and operated by the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, OWA's name is inspired from the Muscogee Creek term meaning “big water.” It opened in 2017, being centered around an artificial lake with an island (Dubbed Gravity Island), similarly to another Entertainment District, Broadway at the Beach in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The resort features an entertainment, shopping, and dining section called Downtown OWA, an amusement park section called The Park at OWA, with rides being supplied by Italian manufacturer Zamperla, including a rollercoaster called Rollin' Thunder, a copy of Thunderbolt at Zamperla's Luna Park, and a TownePlace Suites hotel. A water park known as Tropic Falls was announced in 2021; the first of the water park's two phases opened in June 2022. OWA also held the Gulf Coast Hot Air Balloon Festival for 2021.

The commercial corridor of South McKenzie Street features a variety of stores and restaurants, including a Tanger Outlet.

Notable people

 * Justin Anderson, professional football linebacker
 * Walter Ballard, racing driver
 * Fannie Flagg, actress, comedienne, and author of Fried Green Tomatoes and other novels, lived in Fairhope for a time
 * D. J. Fluker, professional football offensive lineman
 * Julio Jones, former wide receiver for the Alabama Crimson Tide and current wide receiver for the Philadelphia Eagles
 * Everett A. Kelly, member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1978 to 1982
 * Robert Lester, professional football defensive back
 * Bubba Marriott, football player
 * Ken Stabler, former quarterback for the Oakland Raiders, Houston Oilers and New Orleans Saints in the NFL, and the Alabama Crimson Tide in collegiate football
 * Chris Watton, former professional football offensive lineman

Activities
The City of Foley Museum & Archives and Model Train Exhibit is located in a restored train depot from the early 1900s. It holds archives for the City of Foley as well as railroad memorabilia.

Holmes Medical Museum is located in downtown Foley and was the first hospital in Baldwin County. It has a doctor's sled on display as well as a large collection of 20th century medical equipment.

Twin Towns – Sister Cities

 * 🇩🇪 Hennef, Germany (2022)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Foley, Alabama


text:
Gulf Shores, Alabama

Gulf Shores is a resort city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 15,014.

Geography
Gulf Shores is located on the Gulf of Mexico, and is the southernmost settlement in the state of Alabama. It is served by Alabama State Route 59 (Gulf Shores Parkway), which leads north to Foley. Route 182 (Beach Boulevard) runs east-west along the shore front, while Route 180 (Fort Morgan Road) runs parallel to it, north of Little Lagoon. Gulf State Park occupies a large eastern part of the city.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 72.5 km2, of which 60.0 km2 is land and 12.5 km2, or 17.24%, is water.

Climate
Gulf Shores has a humid subtropical climate, with long, hot summers, and mild and sunny winters. Daily highs in winter are close to 60 F and nighttime lows are near 40 F. Daytime highs in summer are near 90 F and evening lows near 78 F. Ocean surf temperatures are quite warm from May through November, often well into the low 80s.

As a result of being located on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, Gulf Shores is vulnerable to tropical cyclones. In September 1979, Hurricane Frederic caused massive destruction, leveling most of the town. On September 16, 2004, Hurricane Ivan made landfall in Gulf Shores, causing extensive wind and flooding damage. In 2005, while the city was still cleaning up from Ivan, Hurricane Katrina caused extensive damage and flooding. The area was then struck again on September 16, 2020, when Hurricane Sally made landfall on the 16 year anniversary of Ivan, causing extensive damage and widespread flooding.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 15,014 people, 5,810 households, and 3,347 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,741 people living in the city. The population density was 274.3 /sqmi. There were 6,810 housing units at an average density of 370.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.54% White, 0.22% Black or African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. Of the population 1.23% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,344 households, out of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. Of all households 26.7% were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.56.

Of the population 16.4% was under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $41,826, and the median income for a family was $51,862. Males had a median income of $40,259 versus $22,467 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,356. About 6.8% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Since the year 2000, Baldwin County as a whole has experienced rapid population growth, second only to Shelby County in Alabama.

Tourism
Tourism dominates the economy of Gulf Shores. The 2010 BP oil spill was expected to adversely affect both local real estate and beach tourism. After a year of decline, the tourism economy in Gulf Shores returned to pre-spill levels.

Attractions in Gulf Shores include Alabama Gulf Coast Zoo; Pelican Place at Craft Farms, a shopping mall; Waterville USA, a family amusement/waterpark; and 10 golf courses.

Hangout Music Festival is an annual three-day music festival on the beach each May.

Some residents opposed the building of a new hotel on state property, and the use of BP Oil spill funds to finance projects other than environmental repair.

In 2022, the city introduced a plan to make a $15 million revitalization of Gulf Place, a public beach area. Amenities will include a boardwalk, parking, green space, and restrooms. The project will involve sustainable and low-impact development strategies, including stormwater management, and beach dune restoration to provide animal habitat and protection from storm surge.

Education
Public education was originally administered by Baldwin County Public Schools. The Gulf Shores City School System was established in 2017. Schools include:
 * Gulf Shores High School (grades 9–12)
 * Gulf Shores Middle School (grades 7–8)
 * Gulf Shores Elementary School (grades K–6)

Infrastructure
Jack Edwards National Airport is located in Gulf Shores and offers services from Gulf Air Center, Salt Air Aviation Center and Platinum Air Center.

title: Gulf Shores, Alabama


text:
Loxley, Alabama

Loxley is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 1,632. It is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area. Loxley is becoming a popular location for the expansion of the suburbs from Daphne and Spanish Fort, Alabama, because it is served by an Interstate 10 exit and is almost directly between the cities of Mobile, Alabama, and Pensacola, Florida.

19th century
In 1870, a man from Chicago by the name of John Loxley established a lumber camp in the area previously known as Bennet. The lumber camp included a commissary and saw mill. The men that traveled with Loxley settled in what later became the town of Loxley. John Loxley returned to Chicago when the lumber was exhausted.

20th century
The train depot opened on May 5, 1906, on the Fort Morgan Line. Before that, there were only wagon roads to Bay Minette. Also in 1906, the Loxley post office was opened by Octavia Sauer. She served as the postmistress and depot agent. By 1920, the businesses in Loxley consisted of an egg store, grocery store, two general merchandise stores, train depot, drug store, telegraph office, land office, repair garage, post office, bank, hotel, butcher shop, orange packing shed, cement block plant, a blacksmith, a feed and lumber store. A grammar school was built in 1925. The Town of Loxley incorporated in March 1957.

Geography
Loxley is located in south-central Baldwin County at 30°37'24.600" North, 87°45'17.035" West (30.623500, -87.754732). U.S. Route 90 (Hickory Street) passes through the center of the town, leading eastbound 5 mi to Robertsdale, Alabama, and 39 mi to Pensacola, Florida, and westbound 11 mi to Spanish Fort and 20 mi to Mobile. Interstate 10 passes through the northern end of town, with access via Exit 44 (Alabama State Route 59).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 83.4 km2, of which 82.5 km2 is land and 1.0 km2, or 1.15%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,710 people, 868 households, and 608 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,632 people, 643 households, and 453 families residing in the town. The population density was 51 /mi2. There were 737 housing units at an average density of 22.9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the town was 84.4% White, 9.4% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 3.4% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. 5.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 643 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,803, and the median income for a family was $36,042. Males had a median income of $36,563 versus $27,566 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,796. About 16.7% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.6% of those under age 18 and 13.1% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Loxley is an incorporated city located in Baldwin County, Alabama. It is governed by a mayor and city council, both of which are elected by popular vote every four years. On May 20, 2022, Loxley officially became a city.

2022 Tornado event
On March 30/31, a destructive tornado passed 10 miles northeast of the city, which was spawned by the large tornado outbreak of March 29–31, 2022.

Education
Loxley is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system.

Public

 * Robertsdale High School 9-12
 * Central Baldwin Middle School 7 - 8
 * Loxley Elementary School K-6

Events
Loxley hosts the Baldwin County Strawberry Festival every spring.

title: Loxley, Alabama


text:
Orange Beach, Alabama

Orange Beach is a resort city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 8,095.

Geography
Orange Beach is located on Perdido Key along the Gulf of Mexico, and is the easternmost community on Alabama's Gulf Coast, with the community of Perdido Key, Florida bordering it to the east. The city of Gulf Shores is to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.3 sqkm, of which 38.1 sqkm is land and 3.2 sqkm, or 7.83%, is water.

Climate
Orange Beach has a humid subtropical climate, with mild-to-warm winters, and hot and humid summers.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,095 people, 2,966 households, and 1,625 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,441 people, 2,492 households, and 1,544 families residing in the city. The population density was 370 /sqmi. There were 11,726 housing units at an average density of 737.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.3% White, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 1.4% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 2.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,492 households, out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.70.

In the city, the population was 18.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 31.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $66,656, and the median income for a family was $69,964. Males had a median income of $54,806 versus $47,019 for females. The per capita income for the city was $40,153. About 1.2% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Sports
The city of Orange Beach hosts many sporting events and tournaments at the Orange Beach Sportsplex. The Sportsplex, located north of the Gulf State Park and a short distance from The Wharf, comprises a football/soccer stadium with a seating capacity of 1,500. The facility also has several baseball and softball fields. The Backcountry Trail system through the Gulf State Park has a trailhead located at the Sportsplex.

The Sportsplex has hosted the SEC Women's Soccer Tournament on numerous occasions, in addition to the NCAA Division II men and women's soccer tournament. The facility once served as home to the Alabama Lightning of the North American Football League.

A 112 ft high Ferris wheel is located at The Wharf in Orange Beach.

Orange Beach is home to the Orange Beach Running Club, which meets every Monday evening to run a 5K.

Education
Orange Beach is part of the Orange Beach City Schools system. Orange Beach Elementary School is the city's only school and serves students in grades kindergarten through sixth grade. Students in grades seven and twelve attend Orange Beach Middle and High School.

Previously residents were zoned to Gulf Shores Middle School and Gulf Shores High School in neighboring Gulf Shores. In 2019, these schools separated into the Gulf Shores City Schools district. For the 2019-2020 school year, Orange Beach grade 7-10 students and grade 7-10 students in unincorporated areas had a choice between remaining with Gulf Shores schools or attending temporary classrooms established by Baldwin County schools. Orange Beach Middle and High opened in 2020.

Columbia Southern University is a private, online-only university that is located in Orange Beach, with a campus in Orange Beach on Canal Road and a larger campus on the Beach Express road.

title: Orange Beach, Alabama


text:
Point Clear, Alabama

Point Clear is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,125. It is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

Geography
Point Clear is located at 30°29'48.505" North, 87°54'35.489" West (30.496807, -87.909858).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 5.5 sqmi, of which 5.5 sqmi is land and 0.43% is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,076 people, 793 households, and 639 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,876 people, 741 households, and 546 families residing in the community. The population density was 331.1 PD/sqmi. There were 997 housing units at an average density of 176.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the community was 56.13% White, 42.70% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 0.59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 741 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $37,305, and the median income for a family was $45,729. Males had a median income of $39,844 versus $14,556 for females. The per capita income for the community was $26,271. About 16.1% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.2% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

Point Clear in World War II
In 1944, Point Clear's Grand Hotel served as the base of operations for Operation Ivory Soap in World War II. In the Pacific Theater, the United States utilized the Leapfrogging (strategy) as a means of capturing islands held by the Japanese that were of strategic or tactical advantage. The commander of the U.S. Army Air Corps, Henry "Hap" Arnold, understood the American planes needed mobile air depots to support their efforts in the Pacific. Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Thompson, oversaw Operation Ivory Soap from a suite in the Grand Hotel. The nineteenth-century Alabama hotel housed soldiers and served as a maritime training facility training troops in skills including swimming, special calisthenics, marching, drill, navigation, ship identification, signaling, cargo handling, ship orientation, sail making and amphibious operations. The school produced 5,000 trained Army seamen who took part in operations in the Philippines, Iwo Jima, and Guam. The training these troops received thanks to Operation Ivory Soap allowed the soldiers to help save countless lives and aircraft. The name "Ivory Soap," according to Col. Thompson, was derived from the fact that, like the experimental Aircraft Repair Units the military wanted to deploy, Ivory soap floats. The Grand Hotel is still in operation on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay today.

Other
From as early as the 1800s, wealthy families from Mobile, New Orleans and across the United States chose to spend their summers in Point Clear. In the days of yellow fever outbreaks, Pt. Clear residents believed they were escaping to what was deemed as "good air" because of the daily breeze off Mobile Bay. Arrival to the area was traditionally by ferry boat and most people arrived in Pt. Clear at Zundel's Wharf. Because of this, the front of the homes (sometimes referred to as cottages) face Mobile Bay and there is a boardwalk between the water and the homes leading to and from Zundel's Wharf. Remnants of the old pier at the Zundel property were still visible prior to Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

title: Point Clear, Alabama


text:
Robertsdale, Alabama

Robertsdale is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, which includes the community of Rosinton. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,708. It is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

Geography
Robertsdale is located in southern Baldwin County at 30°33'16.034" North, 87°42'20.038" West (30.554454, -87.705566). U.S. Route 90 (Old Spanish Trail) passes through the city, leading west 24 mi to Mobile and east 35 mi to Pensacola, Florida.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.2 km2, of which 0.03 sqkm, or 0.24%, is water.

2020 Census data
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,708 people, 2,349 households, and 1,532 families residing in the city.

2010 Census data
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,276 people, 1,951 households, and 1,392 families residing in the city. The population density was 968 PD/sqmi. There were 1,573 housing units at an average density of 357.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.3% White, 5.4% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 6.1% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. 9.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,951 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city, the population was 27.3% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $41,750, and the median income for a family was $47,253. Males had a median income of $41,822 versus $26,239 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,696. About 8.1% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Robertsdale is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system. Three elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school serve Robertsdale. A vocational school is also located in Robertsdale.

Public

 * Robertsdale High School (9-12)
 * South Baldwin Center for Technology (11-12)
 * Central Baldwin Middle School (7-8)
 * Elsanor Elementary School (K-6)
 * Robertsdale Elementary School (K-6)
 * Rosinton Elementary School (K-6)

Private

 * Central Christian School (K-12)
 * St. Patrick Catholic School (K3-8)

Transportation
The Baldwin Regional Area Transit System (BRATS) provides demand-responsive transit services within Robertsdale and Baldwin County.

Events

 * The city of Robertsdale hosts the Baldwin County Fair every fall for at least four days.
 * The city of Robertsdale holds a parade every December 7.

Notable people

 * Obie Trotter, professional basketball player
 * Joe Childress, former NFL running back
 * Tim Cook, CEO of Apple Inc.

title: Robertsdale, Alabama


text:
Silverhill, Alabama

Silverhill is a town in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 706. It is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

Geography
Silverhill is located in southern Baldwin County at 30°32'42.950" North, 87°45'1.861" West (30.545264, -87.750517), 3 mi west of Robertsdale. Alabama State Route 104 (Silverhill Avenue) runs through the center of the town, connecting Robertsdale to the east with Fairhope to the west.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.1 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 616 people, 241 households, and 178 families residing in the town. The population density was 517.5 PD/sqmi. There were 266 housing units at an average density of 223.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.05% White, 0.16% Native American, 0.65% Asian, and 1.14% from two or more races. 1.46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24.8% were of American, 14.8% German, 10.2% Swedish, 9.0% English and 6.4% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000.

There were 241 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,083, and the median income for a family was $51,964. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $25,938 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,723. About 3.8% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

History
Silverhill was founded in 1897 by Oscar Johnson, C. O. Carlson and C. A. Valentin of Chicago, Illinois. Oscar Johnson was an immigrant from Dalarna, Sweden. The Svea Land Company in Chicago, which advertised land for sale in Silverhill, was founded by Oscar Johnson. Land was acquired by purchase from a Mr. Harford, the first block of land being 1500 acre, which was added to from time to time as the colonization work progressed. Scandinavian settlers came to Silverhill from virtually every state in the Union and began the development of what is now the Silverhill district.

In 1902, the local general store, People's Supply Company opened; and it served as a major hub for the community until the 1980s.

The Wales West Light Railway, a replica of a Welsh mountain railway, is located 5 mi southwest of town.

Education
Silverhill is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system. Silverhill has one school, Silverhill Elementary School, which serves grades kindergarten through 6. Silverhill students continue on to Central Baldwin Middle School (7-8) and Robertsdale High School (9-12), both of which are in Robertsdale.

title: Silverhill, Alabama


text:
Spanish Fort, Alabama

Spanish Fort is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, located on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay. The 2020 census lists the population of the city as 10,049. It is a suburb of Mobile and is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

City Hall
In November 2012, Spanish Fort built a community center to house its administrative offices and city amenities. The center is home to the city library, administrative offices, the office of the mayor, and other city-run services. The municipal complex is roughly 30,000 square feet and cost around $5 million to build. It sits on 17-acres of prime land and features a large pond with two fountains and a pavilion. The city also hosts community outreach events along with city council and budget meetings.

Geography
Spanish Fort is located at 30°40'7.403" North, 87°55'19.844" West (30.668723, -87.922179), above the east shore of the Blakeley River where it enters Mobile Bay. U.S. Routes 90 and 98 (Battleship Parkway) lead west across the Mobile River and its distributaries 9 mi to Mobile. Interstate 10 passes just to the south of Spanish Fort, with access from exits 35 and 38, and leads west across Mobile Bay to Mobile as well.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Spanish Fort has a total area of 86.5 km2, of which 74.3 km2 is land and 12.2 km2, or 14.08%, is water.

2010 Census Data
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,798 people, 2,861 households, and 1,910 families residing in the city. The population density was 237 PD/sqmi. There were 3,250 housing units at an average density of 97.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.0% White, 4.8% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. 2.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,861 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was 23.0% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $65,244, and the median income for a family was $76,469. Males had a median income of $58,958 versus $36,695 for females. The per capita income for the city was $32,856. About 1.8% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.1% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

2020 Census Data
The 2020 Census calculated a population in Spanish Fort, Alabama as 10,049, with 3,278 households and 1,946 families. With a 47.8% increase in population from the 2010 census, Spanish Fort is now the 2nd fastest growing city in the state of Alabama, right behind Gulf Shores, Alabama.

Economic development
Since incorporating on July 19, 1993, Spanish Fort has seen significant growth. Eastern Shore Centre, an open air regional shopping complex, opened on November 17, 2004. Spanish Fort Town Center contributed to the municipality's substantial commercial development, despite having ongoing issues with vacancies.

History
The city of Spanish Fort is rich in history dating as far back as 1712 with the founding of Mobile by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville of France. Spanish Fort was originally the site of a trading post established by French-occupied Mobile. Following the French and Indian War, a large area on the Gulf Coast including the trading post was ceded to the British in 1763. During the Revolutionary War after the Spanish took Mobile and surrounding areas in the Battle of Fort Charlotte, a presidio or military fort was built on the site of the old trading post. This "Spanish Fort" was the site of a counterattack by British forces dispatched from Pensacola in 1781. The British were driven back and unsuccessful in recapturing the area. Following the Adams–Onís Treaty, Spanish Fort, as it was now commonly referred to, was officially property of the United States.

During the American Civil War, Spanish Fort was heavily fortified as an eastern defense to the city of Mobile. Fort Huger, Fort (Battery) Tracey, Fort (Battery) McDermott, Fort Alexis, Red Fort, and Old Spanish Fort were all part of the Mobile defenses in what is now Spanish Fort. After the Union victory in the Battle of Mobile Bay, Mobile nevertheless remained in Confederate hands. Union forces embarked on a land campaign in early 1865 to take Mobile from the east. Spanish Fort was the site of the Battle of Spanish Fort in the Mobile Campaign of the war. Its fall allowed Union forces to concentrate on Fort Blakeley to the north, and hence destroy the last organized resistance east of the Mississippi River. The falls of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley permitted Union troops to subsequently enter Mobile unopposed after the conclusion of the Civil War.

On November 1, 2012, groundbreaking ceremonies were held at the northwest corner of Spanish Fort Boulevard and Blakeley Way (map), site of the new Spanish Fort Community Center. Forrest Daniell & Associates, P.C., was contracted to design the center, working with the City's Community Center Advisory Board on the conceptualization and functionality of the facility. J.F. Pate & Associates was awarded the contract to construct the Community Center. Though progress on the construction was often hindered by rainy weather and other hurdles, the administrative staff officially occupied the new facility in September 2015. The center is home to the city library, administrative offices, the office of the mayor, and other city-run services. The municipal complex is roughly 30,000 square feet and cost the city approximately $5 million to build.

Education
Spanish Fort is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system under direction of Superintendent Eddie Tyler. Three elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school serve Spanish Fort. As enrollment numbers have risen, the high school as well as Rockwell Elementary School have had building additions.Baldwin County Public Schools was approved by the County Commission to establish a four-year, $60 million loan to fund the new additions across the county. This included opening Stonebridge Elementary School in 2022.

Schools
Secondary schools Elementary schools (both K-5)
 * Spanish Fort High School (9-12)
 * Spanish Fort Middle School (6-8)
 * Spanish Fort Elementary School
 * Rockwell Elementary School
 * Stonebridge Elementary School

title: Spanish Fort, Alabama


text:
Summerdale, Alabama

Summerdale is a rural town in south-central Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. It is the site of the Naval Outlying Landing Field Summerdale. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,468. It is part of the Daphne–Fairhope–Foley Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Summerdale is located at 30°29'15.468" North, 87°42'4.036" West (30.487630, -87.701121). Alabama State Route 59 passes along the west side of the town, leading north 5 mi to Robertsdale and south 6 mi to Foley.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 25.2 km2, of which 25.1 sqkm is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 0.38%, is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,468 people, 405 households, and 267 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 655 people, 255 households, and 184 families residing in the town. The population density was 125.7 PD/sqmi. There were 282 housing units at an average density of 54.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 90.23% White, 4.89% Black or African American, 1.07% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.92% from other races, and 2.75% from two or more races. Nearly 2.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 255 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57, and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,917, and the median income for a family was $32,159. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,775. About 13.7% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.3% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Summerdale is a part of the Baldwin County Public Schools system.

Summerdale has one public school, Summerdale School, which serves grades pre-K through 8. Students continue on to Elberta High School in nearby Elberta for grades 9 through 12. Snook Christian Academy is a private school located on the corner of County Roads 28 and 71. It serves grades Pre-K through 12.

Naval Outlying Landing Field Summerdale
The Navy Outlying Landing Field (NOLF) Summerdale airport is on the east side of Summerdale (at latitude, longitude: 30.507695, –87.645541). The Airport Code is NFD, in region: ASO - Southern, with boundary ARTCC: ZJX - Jacksonville, and Tie-in FSS: ANB - Anniston. The airport runway length/width is 2850 x 150 ft (868.7 x 45.7 m), with runway elevation: 149 ft. The airport is owned/operated by the US Navy, through Commanding Officer, Operations Department, 7077 USS Lexington Court, Milton, FL 32570-6016.

Library
The Summerdale Public Library is open Monday - Friday 9-6 and Saturday 9-1. It is conveniently located in the center of town where you can walk to it if you’d like. In addition to books, the library offers wifi, a notary, meeting space, children’s reading programs, and after school programs. http://www.summerdalelibrary.com/index.html

Pioneer Park
Located in the center of what some call “Downtown Summerdale”, Pioneer Park is home to community events, walking trail, and rich history. This park is surrounded by iconic buildings such as the old Tobacco Warehouse, Jurkiewicz Hardware Store, and other old buildings and homes built in the early 1900s. The town clock and a gazebo are located in the park along with a line of large shady oak trees which have survived many hurricanes. The park has brick sidewalks and benches to enjoy. This park is close to the Splash Park and the Tennis Courts and a few blocks away from the school and the library.

Tennis Courts
In 2022, the Town of Summerdale completed new tennis courts located on NW 1st Street.

Children’s Splash Park
Located on NW 1st Street (County Rd 71), the children’s splash park is a fun place to take your little ones between April and October. In 2022, the town added a playground to the splash park area. There is also a gazebo available at this park.

Community Center
The Community Center is located in the heart of the community and offers a well shaded playground.

Sidewalks
Summerdale's walking trail starts at Pioneer Park, which is brick. There is a sitting area around the Towns' clock. The sidewalk then goes in front of the Old Tobacco Warehouse that was built in the early 1900's, then crosses Hamm St. where the sidewalk turns to all concrete. In an effort to become more of a walkable community, Summerdale is in the process of expanding sidewalks throughout town. The existing sidewalks and the additional upcoming sidewalks help connect the community to the parks.

Baseball Parks
Two baseball fields are located near the water tower on County Rd 71.

title: Summerdale, Alabama


text:
Talk:Hyperplane

Subspace?
There is a mistake in the first line of text: a hyperplane is not necessarily a subspace because it does not necessarily contain the zero element. Should one replace "subspace" with "subset"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.215.6.53 (talk) 08:08, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * It's not a mistake, look at the technical description. Subspace, as used here, is more general than what you are thinking it is. For instance, affine subspaces which generally do not contain the zero element are translates of a vector subspace which does contain the zero element. Bill Cherowitzo (talk) 03:32, 7 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It is a linear subspace which contains the zero. We also have affine subspace and topological subspaces where the vector space structure does not apply.Rgdboer (talk) 20:26, 7 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Upon reconsideration, 137.215.6.53 has a point. Dealing in dimensions means we have a vector space or manifold. But general manifolds do not have hyperplanes, so the article is in a context of vector spaces. That means a subspace is a linear subspace, the kind passing through the origin. It is recommended that subset be substituted for subspace in the description of a hyperplane.Rgdboer (talk) 02:45, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Dealing with dimension does not restrict one to vector spaces or manifolds. Affine subspaces and projective subspaces are not linear subspaces, but they are subspaces by the definitions within their disciplines. Perhaps some better definitions and citations for this article would make this point a bit clearer. Bill Cherowitzo (talk) 03:17, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Related words
Are there words of for flat subspaces of dimension less than n-1? For instance would a flat n-2 subspace be a "hyperline"? --Bequw (talk) 19:36, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
 * None that I know of in common use besides "point", "line" and "plane" (of dimensions 0, 1 and 2). Generally, flats of dimension k are called k-flats. The term "hyperplane" is only used in reference to (n-1)-flats in n dimensional space. Justin W Smith (talk) 19:51, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

 * k-planes, k<n-1, have been called "thins" (e.g. Olshevsky's Multimensional Glossary). I have no idea how widespread this is. —Tamfang (talk) 23:09, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hyperplane


text:
Ike

Ike or IKE may refer to:

People and fictional characters

 * Ike (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or nickname
 * Ike (surname), a list of people
 * Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969), Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II and President of the United States
 * Reverend Ike, African-American minister and television evangelist Frederick J. Eikerenkoetter II (1935-2009)
 * Cliff Edwards (1895-1971), American singer and voice actor known as "Ukulele Ike"

Arts and entertainment

 * Ike (miniseries), a 1979 television miniseries about President Dwight D. Eisenhower
 * Ike: Countdown to D-Day, a 2004 American television film
 * Ike, a fictional moon in the game Kerbal Space Program

Other uses

 * Tropical Storm Ike, three tropical cyclones
 * Internet Key Exchange, a network protocol used by IPsec VPNs
 * IKE Group, an economic research group at Aalborg University, Denmark
 * Ike, Texas, an unincorporated community in the US
 * USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, US Navy aircraft carrier nickname "the Ike"
 * Dwight D. Eisenhower Expressway, part of Interstate 290 and nicknamed "the Ike"
 * Inuktitut (ISO 639-3 code: ike), an Inuit language of Canada
 * Ikerasak Heliport (LID airport code), Greenland

title: Ike


text:
Talk:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung

Add quotes?
And, how about actually having a representative sample of the quotes? As in hadith, it really helps to get a feel for what these are about

Hong Baoshu
In China at the Cultural Revolution, the book was called "红宝书(Hong Baoshu, the Precious Red Book)". It may be the origin of the western name "The Little Red Book". -- Sunzx 10:41, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I'm removing this sentence

 * Worldwide its publication is a distant second to the Bible (or third if all publications and printings of the annual Ikea catalog is counted as a book).

because comparing a book and catalogs is absurd. If one added up all of the catalogs that Sears printed over the years, it would probably be first or second on that list, also. —tregoweth 19:16, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * I've actually put this back in, although I arrived from 'Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense', and so I haven't been part of this discussion until now. I've added a couple of sources, including one from the Evening Standard (which compares its distribution to that of the Bible; something which appears in Wikipedia's own article on Ikea).-Ashley Pomeroy 17:44, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I deleted without noticing that you just reentered it. Hower i think it realy a bad joke and it should be deleted. (July 13 2005)
 * I agree that catalogs and books are apples and oranges. We should keep Ashley's link though, since it gives estimates for the number of Bibles and LRBs in circulation. --Carl 10:04, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Stevertigo/old

What the HECK is this? -- Zoe

 * Judging by the links to it, I think it's supposed to be a user page, but it's not clear. --Brion 01:14 Oct 6, 2002 (UTC)

 * Looks like it belongs either on User talk:Stevertigo or User:Stevertigo. --Camembert

title: User talk:Stevertigo/old


text:
Samuel Laing

Samuel Laing is the name of:
 * Samuel Laing (travel writer) (1780–1868), author of books on Scandinavia and Germany
 * Samuel Laing (science writer) (1812–1897), son of the above, a businessman, politician and writer on modern science

title: Samuel Laing


text:
Wroxham Broad

Wroxham Broad is an area of open water alongside the River Bure near the village of Wroxham in Norfolk, England within The Broads National Park. The Norfolk Broads were formed by the flooding of ancient peat workings. Wroxham Broad has an area of 34.4 ha and a mean depth of 1.3 metres. It lies to the west of the Bure, with two navigable openings between river and broad. The village and broad lie in an area of fairly intensive agriculture, with areas of wet woodland adjoining the broad and river.

Since 1937, under lease from the Trafford estate, the broad has been home to the Norfolk Broads Yacht Club. Visiting boats are not allowed to land, but navigation is allowed.

Between 2000 and 2005 the island between the two channels linking Wroxham Broad to the Bure underwent restoration to stop erosion and improve the island's ecology, which had become degraded. The project was a joint initiative involving the Broads Authority, Norfolk Broads Yacht Club and the local landowner, Trafford Estates. Scrub was cleared and a stretch of piling installed, allowing sedge, reed and rush to grow back. By 2005 it was reported that more birds, including kingfishers, were nesting on the island and the rare Cetti's warbler was often spotted. Greater numbers of ducks, including pochard and tufted ducks, now wintered nearby and there was a greater profusion of wild flowers and marsh flora including orchids. During the course of the work, in 2004, volunteers came across an unexploded Second World War hand grenade in the dredgings, which was exploded by an army bomb disposal team.

Close to Wroxham Broad stands the early 18th century Broad House, a Queen Anne style estate house and formerly the seat of the local land-owning Trafford family. In 2006, it became a well-regarded 'boutique' hotel which closed in late 2010. There are proposals that it be reclassified as a single dwelling.

Alfred John Norman Chamberlin (1822-1883), and his wife Betsy, owned the Broad House property and most of the Wroxham Broad, before the Traffords acquired it after Alfred's death about 1885. People flocked to their property to watch the Wroxham Regatta. (See painting "Wroxham Regatta -1868" by Claude Nursey.) Alfred had inherited the 300 acre property about 1858 from his unmarried cousin, Elizabeth Foulsham (1774-1857). She had inherited it from her unmarried half-brother, William Buckle (1765-1840) who had inherited it from his maternal grandfather, John Howse (d. 1817). Howse's forebears had owned the property since 1735. Prior owners have been recorded back to 1593.

There is a locomotive at the Bure Valley Railway in Norfolk which is named after Wroxham Broad.

In literature
The Broad features in Coot Club and The Big Six, two books by Arthur Ransome set in the Norfolk Broads.

title: Wroxham Broad


text:
Hoveton Little Broad

Hoveton Little Broad, also known as Black Horse Broad, is a secluded broad of fairly open aspect, in the middle reaches of the River Bure between Hoveton and Horning, Norfolk, in The Norfolk Broads. Privately owned, it was the site of direct action in the mid-20th century by local people hoping to establish the right of free public access to all Broadland waterways.

Situation and access
The broad is closer to Horning than to the village of Hoveton and lies adjacent to the hamlet of Hoveton St John. Inaccessible by road, it is linked to the river by Black Horse Dyke. Another dyke (a narrow waterway) leads from a corner of the broad to the main Hoveton-Horning road B1354. Just up hill towards Hoveton formerly stood the Black Horse pub, which gave the broad its alternative name. A waterlogged footpath to the road was used by the Norfolk wherrymen as they made their way to the pub. Like Martham Broad and Horsey Mere, this broad is closed for navigation in the winter months, to enable the waterbirds to breed. There are no staithes on the shore of the broad for public mooring and no shore based facilities.

Pound End Broad
One end of the broad is partially enclosed by projecting spits of land and known as Pound End Broad. It is a mixed coarse fishery and is closed permanently to watercraft. A bird exclosure was built here in the mid 1990s to protect an area of marginal vegetation, preventing water plants being damaged by coots. Keeping the birds out of this area had the incidental effect of creating a fish refuge, heavily used by all the resident species of fish, numbers of which increased compared to fish in the main broad.

'The Invasion of Black Horse Broad', 1949
In the mid-20th century, Hoveton Little Broad played a role in the historical dispute between landowners and the public over rights of access to private broads. Since time immemorial, all Broadland waters had been considered part of the King's River and thus freely accessible to all. However, in the 19th century, several Norfolk landowners prevented access to broads in their ownership from the main river network under the Inclosures Acts. Boatbuilder Herbert Woods led a public campaign against the landowners' action, culminating in the 'invasion of Black Horse Broad' in March 1949. Woods and 30 local men dismantled the barrier that the landowner had placed across Black Horse Dyke. This direct action resulted in an agreement with the broad's owner, who agreed to open the broad to the public each year between Easter and mid-September. However, this campaign did not lead to the re-opening of other closed broads.

title: Hoveton Little Broad


text:
Talk:The Broads

Untitled
Why are some links in bold? --Brion 02:01 Oct 6, 2002 (UTC)

Because I am trying to highlight the Broads (lakes) vis-avis the villages/towns. Is there a Wiki convention that prevents me from doing that? User:Renata

 * None at all, but I find it helps to include a brief note explaining ad-hoc tyopgraphical conventions to the reader. I've added such. --Brion 06:03 Oct 6, 2002 (UTC)

Did sea levels really rise? That doesn't seem very likely to me. - anon

 * Is that some kind of denial of global warming?? 80.3.128.5 12:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Depth of Broads
I was on the Broads today. Does anyone know their depth, or the depth of the channels? —Christiaan 22:58, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I found this http://www.livinglakes.org/broads/ which says they're "mostly less than four metres deep" —Christiaan 23:05, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Map + Flows
It would be great if someone could get a map up on here. Also I heard something about how the rivers are all tidal running to and from Great Yarmouth, in places at a higher level than the surrounding land (hence the historic use of windmills to pump water into them from the land). Anyone know better details or good sources of reliable info? — 80.3.128.5 13:06, 31 August 2005 (UTC) -- Map still needed! Ed8r (talk) 16:28, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

 * One or more maps are still needed showing the Norfolk and Suffolk areas, the Authority area and the features named in the body of the article.SovalValtos (talk) 11:27, 11 July 2018 (UTC)

Water area/navigable area
Some of the information on this seems inconsistent. We say:

 * The total area of the national park is 303 km², with over 200 km² of waterways ... These 18 broads provide approximately 4 km² (990 acres) of water for navigation.

Are we really saying that only 2% of the water area is available for navigation. That strikes me as far too low. And 4 km² really isn't very big, I would have guessed Breydon Water on its own would be bigger than that. -- Chris j wood 17:25, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've just check the source for the over 200 km² of waterways, and it actually says over 200 km² of navigable waterways. So we have two contradictary statements here. As the 200 km² claim is sourced, and the 4 km² is not, I am (for now) removing the latter. -- Chris j wood 17:29, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * No it didn't. The source actually says over 200 km of navigable waterways, which is quite different. Correcting again. -- Chris j wood 17:50, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think this means an average width of 20M over all navigable areas, to get 4 km², don't think it's THAT far out but maybe a bit.

Is it a National Park?
The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act of 1988 made the Broads Authority into a Special Statutory Authority which gave it parity with national park authorities. However, it is not a National Park! -- 88.111.11.207 17:13, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I moved the above from the article itself, as I think a discussion here is more appropriate. I'm torn two ways. Past experience makes me loath to trust anonymous contributions too far. But I cannot find anything that definatively states the the Broads are a National Park. If it isn't then our article title is misleading and needs changing. Anybody know more?. -- Chris j wood 16:04, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It has a slightly different statutory basis, it is true. But on the Broads Authority's Website it says that it has the "status of a national park", whatever that means.  Lots and lots of government sources (including Ordnance Survey maps) call it a National Park.  It is true that the statute doesn't specifically use those words, but for certain purposes it provides that it is considered to be a National Park.  Morwen - Talk 17:32, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * AIUI, the Broads does not have National Park status, in which case this article should be moved and edited. It is *treated* as a National Park, and to all intents and purposes it is identical with one, however it was created under a separate piece of legislation.  In numerous different cases, you can find reference to "National Parks and the Broads", implying it is not one itself, but treated alongside them. Also, on the Broads Authority's website  it states,
 * These duties are similar to those of Britain's national parks and by creating a Special Statutory Authority the Government recognised that the Broads needed the same level of protection as the national parks of England and Wales. The Broads benefits from being part of a wider family of specially protected areas, including the national parks, yet also has the advantage of its own tailor-made legislation in order to deal with specific issues in the Broads, notably the protection of navigation interests.
 * which clearly suggests (in a rather round-about way) a distinctively different status to the other National Parks. DWaterson 10:18, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Try reading Schedule 3 of the 1988 Act and in particular section 2. --Henrygb 22:51, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 19:01, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
The Broads National Park → The Broads – As per the discussion above, The Broads is not strictly a National Park, it is only treated as one. It was created under special legislation which gives it a status similar to a National Park, but not of one.

Survey

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

 * Support - Move proposer, as above. DWaterson 22:09, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose - since it ought to be something like The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads GraemeLeggett 13:58, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support - The Broads is common usage, and AFAIK globally unambiguous. People don't usually talk about The Broads National Park or The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads. Chris j wood 17:50, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support I see no reason not to follow Arthur Ransome. Septentrionalis 23:32, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

 * To clarify my statement above and comment on naming of the area in question. As a local, I talk of the Norfolk Broads or the Suffolk Broads - the Act in question refers to them as the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads. GraemeLeggett 08:25, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Water pollution
There is a lot going on to do with water pollution since the end of the second world war in the Broads. Mercury dumping combined with phosphate and nitrate based fertiliser run-off has left the water murky and nowhere near as clear as it once was. It would be nice, if anybody knows more about this topic, to get a section in here. Details of the Clearwater 2000 project that took place in Barton Broad would be good too. I'm just starting a dissertation on this so if nobody adds anything about it in the mean time, then I should be able to add some good stuff within a year or so.

Merging Norfolk/Suffolk Broads in here.
As they articles on the Norfolk Broads and Suffolk Broads are merely stubs, it seems to make sense to merge/redirect here. (A lot of people say Norfolk Broads when they mean The Broads anyway). Please make any opposition known (if there is none before Sunday, I will proceed with the merge)
 * Support - no need for three articles on essentially the same subject. DWaterson 20:24, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It'll get interesting if they finally decide on a name. Norfolk is pro "Norfolk Broads" for the whole area, Suffolk is worried that the bits in Suffolk will end up in a area officially called the "Norfolk Broads". GraemeLeggett 12:17, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Merged Ratarsed 11:29, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Hire Boats
Apart from the brief reference I have added there is no mention of hire boats on the Broads. Since these probably form the majority of the boats present and they have a long history going back before WW1 this seems odd.--Hymers2 (talk) 12:34, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

location map
I've uploaded a location map of the Broads to Commons (shown to right). I have not created an associated location map template, but this can easily be done if desired. Some of the rivers look like they need tweaking, I'll get on this soon

If this is created, it allow enable creation a map of the Broads similar to the one under construction at Talk:Dartmoor, and could be used in related articles (see this example). Hope people find it useful.--Nilfanion (talk) 22:17, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Eutrophication
I was surprised to find no mention of eutrophication on this page. I'm going to add a section here, but I think it may deserve its own page e.g. 'eutrophication of the norfolk broads'. I'm fairly new to this, so could someone wise in the ways of wikipedia decide if it needs a new page or if it is better kept here.Wise zoologist (talk) 12:35, 7 April 2013 (UTC) Could someone please sort out the references for the eutrophication topic. I've given up.Wise zoologist (talk) 13:58, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

Broads
I'm the one who'd added the term "lakes" in an attempt to define what "broads" are. Evidently that term isn't acceptable. I'm sorry to have introduced an error, and I'm glad somebody caught it.

But something must define "broads" for non-English readers. It is not a term I'm familiar with (not as a descriptor of landscape, at any rate), and I have plenty of education and read widely. Someone reading an encyclopedia article on The Broads shouldn't have to go to a dictionary to discover what the article deals with in the most basic sense.

Please consider clarifying this, preferably in the first paragraph.

Thanks again for catching my error.

05:56, 29 August 2015 (UTC) KC 05:56, 29 August 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Boydstra (talk • contribs)
 * It was not a mistake and I have added some clarification.Charles (talk) 08:56, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

Thanks for your gracious response—and for the clarity. A superb article! KC 16:59, 21 October 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Boydstra (talk • contribs)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060630074650/http://www.broads-authority.gov.uk/authority/about-us/the-broads-act.html to http://www.broads-authority.gov.uk/authority/about-us/the-broads-act.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060928163251/http://www.broads-authority.gov.uk/broads/live/authority/consulations/the-broads-national-park-authority-bill/Letter_from_Bishop.pdf to http://www.broads-authority.gov.uk/broads/live/authority/consulations/the-broads-national-park-authority-bill/Letter_from_Bishop.pdf

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Recreation
The statement "and the design of the boats have included several innovative features, including short fin keels and a separate rudder. The design was eventually used on seagoing yachts from the 1960s." is contentious/dubious. The evolution of sailboat design is *very* complicated, and the Broads boats are probably better regarded as a continuation and development of a 19thC line of design that was very little used in salt water design in the UK between about 1914 and the 1960s. This image, for example, shows an early 20thC German boat, albeit with a centreboard, that is very much of the short keel and separate rudder style. http://www.fky.org/prestodata/pics.php4?pic=1904/12/s1904-12-0280-092.jpg&sec_id=8ca09af3a824995da1dceb387d3cbb93 There are doubtless numerous others out there. But really isn't the whole subject much too technical for this particular article and the sentence would be better ommitted? The supplied reference is not to a specialised work on the evolution of sailboat design, and I imagine the author simply didn't know enough about 19th C design. 212.159.44.170 (talk) 10:16, 18 June 2017 (UTC)

The Norfolk Broads
Let’s face it, everyone knows the area as that. So not to mention this right at the very beginning, in the first para of the lede, is ridiculous. That it is mentioned much further down the lede makes no difference to this argument. I’m raising this here as my edit to put it in para. 1 was reverted, as this “was dealt with” lower down. “Dealt with”!!! Good grief. We’re all about reflecting what is, not deflecting something to lower down. Boscaswell  talk  22:12, 9 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Not everyone necessarily does know the area by that name, though I believe that a great many people do indeed use that term, and in an inaccurate generalised way when they have in mind the Suffolk Broads too. Wherever it appears, I think it could do with referencing. I'd expect we can all agree we don't need to have this piece of info appear twice in the lede so we can perhaps agree a form of words that works for all. I note that 'Norfolk Broads' as a search term redirects to this page. cheers Geopersona (talk) 03:44, 10 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I reverted your edit because it meant that the same information was repeated in the lead, in rapid succession (by the way: WP:AGF). I see the problem though, and I agree that "Norfolk Broads" is a common name that needs to be dealt with – though I don't agree that it has to be dealt with in the first sentence as you are demanding. I did think afterwards that a possible solution would be simply to move the existing third paragraph ("Although the terms Norfolk Broads and Suffolk Broads are used to identify specific areas within the two counties respectively, the whole area is frequently referred to as the "Norfolk Broads".") to the end of the first, above the information about the extent of the area. Dave.Dunford (talk) 08:14, 10 August 2021 (UTC)

Proposed opening:

""The Broads (known for marketing purposes as The Broads National Park) is a network of mostly navigable rivers and lakes in the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. Although the terms "Norfolk Broads" and "Suffolk Broads" are used to identify specific areas within the two counties respectively, the whole area is frequently referred to as the Norfolk Broads.

The lakes, known as broads, were formed by the flooding of peat workings. The Broads, and some surrounding land, were constituted as a special area with a level of protection similar to a national park by the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988. The Broads Authority, a special statutory authority responsible for managing the area, became operational in 1989.

The area is 303 km2, most of which is in Norfolk, with over 200 km of navigable waterways. There are seven rivers and 63 broads, mostly less than 4 m deep. Thirteen broads are generally open to navigation, with a further three having navigable channels. Some broads have navigation restrictions imposed on them in autumn and winter, although the legality of the restrictions is questionable.""

 * Excellent! Boscaswell   talk  08:22, 10 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I've made the change as proposed. Dave.Dunford (talk) 09:20, 10 August 2021 (UTC)

St. Benet's Abbey image title
The image with the caption St. Benet's Abbey is not of the Abbey of which nothing remains visible above ground. It is of the ruined gatehouse (the stone part) and the drainage mill which was later built over it (the brick part) now also ruined. The site of the Abbey is a couple of hundred metres or so the ESE of the gatehouse and is marked by a large,(modern) wooden cross whose shadow is just visible on Google Earth (3D magnified). I propose to change the image caption to "The ruined gatehouse of St. Benet's Abbey." Mike Spathaky (talk) 03:09, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Yachts
Seem to be a lot of use of Yacht when I think sailing dingy is more appropriate. Kitchen Knife (talk) 23:32, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

 * The Broads are used by both yachts and sailing dinghies (sic) in substantial numbers. All the references to yachts in the article are clearly to proper yachts and not sailing dighies. Perhaps the latter deserve a mention too. Mike Spathaky (talk) 10:41, 26 June 2022 (UTC)

Second navigable link
"There is also a second navigable link to the sea, via the River Waveney and its link to Oulton Broad."

In the context of the wider "Geography" section, what does this mean? What is the first navigable link to the seat explicitly mentioned in that section? --Criticalthinker (talk) 08:19, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Broads


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St Olaves

St Olaves is a village in the English county of Norfolk. The village is situated on the River Waveney, 6 mi south-west of the town of Great Yarmouth and the same distance north-west of the Suffolk town of Lowestoft. It is within The Broads national park.

Today the village forms part of the civil parish of Fritton and St Olaves, which in turn is within the district of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk. Prior to local government reorganisation in 1974 however, the village was part of the parish of Herringfleet in the Lothingland Rural District of Suffolk.

St Olaves Bridge, a suspension bridge, is the first bridging point on the Waveney above Great Yarmouth. Haddiscoe railway station, on the Wherry Lines service between Norwich and Lowestoft, is across the bridge approximately 1 km from the centre of the village. St Olaves used to have its own railway station, which closed in 1959.

The village is the location of the remains of a 13th-century Augustinian priory. St. Olaves Priory was dedicated to St Olav. On the site there are parts of the refectory, cloisters, and the priory mill.

title: St Olaves


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Somerleyton

Somerleyton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Somerleyton, Ashby and Herringfleet, in the East Suffolk district, in the north of the English county of Suffolk. It is 4.5 mi north-west of Lowestoft and 5.5 mi south-west of Great Yarmouth. The village is closely associated with Somerleyton Hall and was largely rebuilt as a model village in the 19th century at the direction of Samuel Morton Peto. The parish was combined with Herringfleet and Ashby to create the parish of "Somerleyton, Ashby and Herringfleet" on 1 April 1987.

The village is on the edge of The Broads national park with the River Waveney forming the western boundary of the former parish. This forms the county border with Norfolk and the Suffolk village of Blundeston is to the east. The village has a population of around 300.

History
At the time of the Domesday Book, the manor of Somerleyton was held by the king. It was named Sumerledetuna and was recorded as having 17 families living in the village. The manor was owned by the Jernegan family from the early 14th century. The family built Somerleyton Hall in around 1579.

The hall was bought by Sir Thomas Wentworth in the early 17th century and was substantially remodelled by the Wentworth family as a mansion house. This included a 52 ha deer park which was established by 1652. The estate was occupied by Parliamentarian troops a number of times during the Civil War and was purchased by Admiral Sir Thomas Allin in 1669. It remained in Allin's family until it was acquired by railway developer Samuel Morton Peto, who oversaw the latest rebuilding in 1843. The hall and the park and gardens are Grade II* listed buildings.

Peto directed the rebuilding of the village at the same time, creating a model village based on Blaise Hamlet near Bristol. The development of both the hall and village was designed by John Thomas. The rebuilding process bankrupted Peto and the estate was sold to Sir Francis Crossley, a carpet manufacturer from Halifax, West Yorkshire. The title of Baron Somerleyton was created for Crossley's son, Savile in 1916.

A memorial to two airmen killed in a friendly fire incident during World War II is on Waddling Way, an un-metalled road east of the village which runs towards Flixton. A Royal Air Force DeHavilland Mosquito nightfighter being flown by two American Navy pilots was mistakenly shot down by British anti-aircraft fire.

In the 1950s, Christopher Cockerell designed and tested the first hovercraft at his boatyard in the village. A column was erected in the village in 2010 on the 100th anniversary of Cockerell's birth.

In 1971 the civil parish had a population of 319.

Somerleyton Hall

The Victorian rebuilding of Somerleyton Hall created a mainly two-storey mansion, mainly in the Jacobean style. It features a French Renaissance inspired loggia and a square belvedere clock tower, although the house has a 17th-century core and some of the wood panelling from the original building has been reused internally. The rebuilding was led by Samuel Morton Peto, who owned the estate in the 19th century, with the designs for the house the work of sculptor John Thomas. Thomas was also responsible for the designs for the rebuilding of the village and parish church. The clock was the work of Benjamin Lewis Vulliamy.

The park surrounding the hall was established in the 17th century and expanded during Peto's ownership to one of 140 ha. This included the building of a series of formal gardens designed by William Andrews Nesfield and includes a kitchen garden with glasshouses probably designed by Joseph Paxton. The only other example of similar work by Paxton is at Chatsworth House. The park features two sculptures by Thomas and one by Gustav Natorp as well as a yew hedge maze.

The house is the home of the Crossley family and both the house and grounds are open to the public as a tourist attraction. The estate owns a wide range of assets throughout the local area, including the Somerleyton village pub and a country park at Fritton Lake.

Culture and community
Somerleyton has a primary school, built as part of the development of the model village, a village hall and playing field as well as a public house, the Dukes Head. The Somerleyton Estate remains a major landowner throughout the surrounding area. Many of the houses in the village are listed buildings and development is restricted to preserve the period style of the village.

The Lowestoft to Norwich railway line runs through the parish close to the Waveney, crossing the river at Somerleyton Swing Bridge. Somerleyton railway station on the edge of the village has operated since 1847. The lines passes close to Cockerell's boatyard, Somerleyton Marina, and the site of the former Somerleyton brickworks which produced bricks for the buildings such as Liverpool Street railway station. The brickworks closed in 1939 and the chimneys were subsequently demolished.

Church of St Mary
The parish church is dedicated to St Mary and stands in Somerleyton Park close to the hall. The building retains a 15th-century tower but was otherwise rebuilt at Peto's direction, the design again completed by Thomas. The rebuilding process discovered a medieval stone slab with the symbols of the Four Evangelists beneath the floor boards. It is presumed to have been hidden during the Reformation and has been replaced over the south doorway. The rood screen and baptismal font both date from the 15th century, the former with 16 panels with paintings of saints. The building is a Grade II* listed building.

In literature and television
The BBC's Antiques Roadshow took place at Somerleyton Hall in 2009, with selected excerpts to form a one-hour broadcast in 2010. An episode of Roald Dahl's Tales of the Unexpected TV series was filmed at Somerleyton Hall in 1979, and the house was used as a stand in for Sandringham House in the 2003 television drama The Lost Prince. The house was used for the same purpose in the 2020 series The Crown.

The house and the maze, where the narrator becomes lost, feature prominently in W. G. Sebald's 1995 novel-memoir The Rings of Saturn.

title: Somerleyton


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Ditchingham

Ditchingham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is located across the River Waveney from Bungay, Suffolk.

History
Ditchingham's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old English for the homestead or settlement of 'Dicca's' people.

In the Domesday Book of 1086, Ditchingham is listed as a settlement of 36 households in the hundred of Lodding. In 1086, the village formed part of the East Anglian estates of King William I.

In 1855, an Anglican convent known as the Community of All Hallows was founded in Ditchingham by Lavinia Crosse and Reverend William E. Scudamore. The convent acted as a refuge for women in 'moral danger' and other destitute individuals. The community closed in 2018.

Lilias Rider Haggard's novel, The Rabbit Skin Cap (1939) tells the life story of George Baldry, a local inventor and poacher. The picture on the front cover of the book is a painting by Edward Seago of local schoolboy, Douglas Walter Gower. In later life, Gower discovered the tusk of a woolly mammoth near the long barrow on Broome Heath which is now displayed in Norwich Castle Museum.

Much of the surrounding countryside is part of the estate centred on Ditchingham Hall which was built in the 18th century and features gardens designed by Capability Brown. The Hall is the ancestral seat of the Earl Ferrers and is currently in the possession of Robert Shirley, 14th Earl Ferrers.

Geography
The civil parish has an area of 8.56 km2 and in the 2011 Census had a population of 1,635 residents living in 739 households.

Ditchingham falls within the constituency of South Norfolk and is represented at Parliament by Richard Bacon MP of the Conservative Party. A new two-member electoral ward called Ditchingham and Earsham was created for the 2019 district council elections, consisting of 5,132 people of voting age. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of South Norfolk.

St Mary's Church
Ditchingham's parish church is dedicated to Saint Mary and boasts one of the tallest fifteenth-century towers in South Norfolk. During the 19th century, the chancel was remodelled by Anthony Salvin, followed by a restoration of the chancel arch and nave roof by Frederick Preedy. St Mary's has an interesting set of stained-glass windows depicting Edmund Tudor with Lady Margaret Beaufort, a series of knights and a timeline of rectors of the church; the manufacturer of the windows is unknown. The church is a Grade I listed building.

Chicken Roundabout
Ditchingham's Chicken roundabout had been home to a group of feral chickens as early as the mid-1990s, cared for by a local man called Gordon Knowles. The number of birds living at the roundabout increased and declined over the years due to a range of factors including Avian influenza and theft. In 2010, the remaining chickens were given to an animal charity with a plaque to Knowles' role in the community being erected in 2012.

Amenities
Parravani's ice creams were established in the village in the early C20, and Lamberts Coaches are another long-established local company.

Notable residents

 * Sir John Hobart, 3rd Baronet (1628–1683)- English landowner and politician
 * Philip Bedingfield (died 1660)- English landowner and politician
 * Samuel Sutton (1760–1832)- British naval officer
 * William E. Scudamore (1813–1881)- English priest and historian
 * Lavinia Crosse (1821–1890)- founder of Community of All Hallows
 * James Franck Bright (1832–1920)- British historian
 * H. Rider Haggard (1856–1925)- British author of King Solomon's Mines and the Allan Quatermain Series
 * William Carr (1862–1925)- British biographer and historian
 * Lilias Rider Haggard (1892–1968)- British nurse and author
 * Lt-Col Victor Buller Turner VC (1900–1972)- British soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Diana Athill (1917–2019)- British literary editor and memoirist
 * Robert Shirley, 13th Earl Ferrers (1929–2012)- British politician and peer
 * Kevin Steggles (born 1961)- Ipswich Town and Port Vale footballer
 * Deb Murrell (born 1966)- British cyclist
 * Jimmy Lewis (born 1967)- Norfolk cricketer

title: Ditchingham