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Fernley, Nevada

Fernley is a city in Lyon County, Nevada, United States, and part of the Reno–Tahoe–Sparks metropolitan area CSA. The city was incorporated in 2001. The population of the city was 22,895 at the 2020 census, making it the 7th most populous city in Nevada.

Fernley was home to the historic and one of the first Amazon.com centers in the world, which has since relocated within the metro area. Naval Air Station (TOPGUN), the U.S. Navy's Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center & TOPGUN training program since 1996, was moved nearby, to Fallon, from Naval Air Station Miramar. The city is home to the Reno-Fernley Raceway. The world's first Tesla Gigafactory 1 that produces battery packs, energy storage and electric vehicle components is nearby 15 miles west at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center, and also there as of 2024 an under-construction lithium processing plant.

History
Fernley, established in 1904, developed as primarily an agricultural and ranching community in proximity to Reno. It is unknown why the name "Fernley" was applied to this community. It, along with the defunct settlement of Fernley, California are the only two known places in the world to have the name Fernley.

Much of the farmland in the Fernley area was developed through the Newlands Irrigation Project, which was a result of the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902. The project established an irrigation system that delivers water to an area stretching from Derby Dam, along the Truckee River, to the Lahontan Reservoir near Fallon, Nevada. Construction and expansion of the system took place from the inception through the 1960s. Many of the concrete irrigation headgates, still in use today, are embossed with the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) stamp and date of construction. In addition to the irrigation system in the Fernley area, a drainage system was also constructed to carry away excess water and mineral salts from the farmlands. This system consists of channels (5 to 15 ft deep) dug adjacent to fields; it eventually terminates in the sink northeast of Fernley. The irrigation system is administered and maintained through the Truckee–Carson Irrigation District.

The Southern Pacific Railroad completed the Fernley and Lassen Railway in 1914. The transcontinental Lincoln/Victory Highways was built through town in the 1920s.

In 1965, the Nevada Cement Company started operation in a new plant built on the north side of the city between Fernley and Wadsworth. This was the first significant non-agricultural/ranching business to come to Fernley, aside from the railroad. Primary employment in Fernley began a steady transition to an industrial and commuter base. Beginning in the 1970s, parts of the formerly agricultural and ranching-based lands were transitioning to housing subdivisions to support the growing population, much of which was spilling over from rapid growth in the Reno-Sparks area. Close proximity to Interstate 80 and abundant land for housing made Fernley an attractive alternative to the increasingly congested and expensive Truckee Meadows housing market. Beginning near the established parts of the town, growth moved to the Fremont Street area in the mid to late 1970s, nearer farming areas in the 1980s, and has continued along the Farm District Road areas to the present. Numerous subdivisions were built along the Farm District Road, including an 18-hole golf course and a new elementary school.

In 1999, Amazon.com opened a 750000 sqft order fulfillment center in the industrial park located in the northeast side of the city, following major initiatives and investments by investors from Seattle. Stanley Works had previously used the facility; Amazon.com moved west to Reno, NV and has redesigned the interior systems and greatly expanded the capacity in the years since. The investment has provided thousands of new jobs for the city and invigorated the economy in the metropolitan area. Since that time, more companies have opened facilities in the park, including Trex Inc., Allied Signal, UPS Worldwide Logistics (Honeywell), ARE Campers, Johns Manville. Sherwin Williams Paint and the newly constructed Polaris are part of the newer industrial area on the north east side of town, with more companies interested in relocating to the area.

On July 1, 2001, the city of Fernley was incorporated. Fernley was one of the worst hit towns in the 2008 financial crash.

On January 5, 2008, a levee along the Truckee Canal broke, forcing the rescue and evacuation of 3,500 people from the town as 3 to 6 ft of water filled houses. A 2021 lawsuit seeks to block the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation from lining the bottom of the Truckee Canal with concrete, on the grounds that Fernley's municipal water supply depends on seepage from the canal for groundwater recharge.

Geography
Fernley is located at the intersection of Interstate 80, U.S. Route 50 Alternate and U.S. Route 95 Alternate (US 95A). Although it originally spanned the Lyon/Washoe County line, a county boundary change in 2005 left it entirely in Lyon County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 333.7 km2, of which 316.3 sqkm is land and 17.4 sqkm, or 5.22%, is water.

Climate
Fernley's climate is typical of high desert environments. The winter may bring cold temperatures and some snow, but nothing extreme is normally experienced. Summers are generally hot and very dry. Fernley's average annual rainfall is 5 in.

According to the Köppen climate classification, Fernley has a cold desert climate (abbreviated BWk).

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 19,368 people, 7,048 households, and 5,206 families residing in the city. The population density was 158.6 PD/sqmi. There were 7,975 housing units at an average density of 65.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.5% White, 1.0% Black or African American, 1.8% Native American, 6.0% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 5.7% some other race, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.4% of the population.

There were 7,048 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were headed by married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74, and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.

For the period 2007–2011, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $52,572, and the median income for a family was $55,188. Male full-time workers had a median income of $51,081 versus $36,720 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,851. About 6.6% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Fernley is home to Fernley High School.

Fernley High has extensive athletic programs, program centers and student clubs. It has a broad array of educational facilities including Fernley Adult Education Center. The school has drawn hundreds of international students since the 1990s.

The school has built a considerable number of sports facilities, including a football stadium, baseball field, track and field, basketball indoor arena, gymnasium, fitness center, etc. It has an extensive student meal program, dining hall and catering facilities.

Fernley High School was founded in the late 1950s. Its original buildings were located on the block now occupied by the In-Town Park, near the old downtown area between US 95A and Center Street; these were demolished in the early 1960s. Then until 1980, the high school was located at the current Fernley Intermediate School on Hardie Lane. Fernley High currently is located off US 95A on the south side of town.

Fernley is also home to Western Nevada College's satellite campus, providing vocational & college-level education.

Places of Interest
Since 1990, Fernley has been the home of one of the two Nevada Veterans Memorial Cemeteries, the Northern Nevada Veterans Memorial Cemetery; with the other being the Southern Nevada Veterans Memorial Cemetery located in Boulder City.

title: Fernley, Nevada


text:
Silver Springs, Nevada

Silver Springs is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lyon County, Nevada, United States at the intersection of US 50 (California Trail) and US 95A. The population was 5,296 at the 2010 census. Lahontan Reservoir, Lahontan State Recreation Area and historic Fort Churchill State Historic Park are all located nearby. The area is served by the Silver Springs Airport.

Geography
Silver Springs is located in northern Lyon County. U.S. Route 50 leads east 26 mi to Fallon and west 36 mi to Carson City, the state capital. U.S. Route 95A leads north 15 mi to Interstate 80 at Fernley and south 32 mi to Yerington, the county seat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 199.7 km2 of which 185.5 km2 are land and 14.3 km2, or 7.15%, are water. The Carson River forms the southern and eastern edges of the CDP; on the east side it is impounded to form Lahontan Reservoir. Lahontan State Recreation Area, on the shores of the reservoir, is within the CDP. Fort Churchill State Historic Park is just west of the CDP boundary, 9 mi south of the US-50/US-95A junction.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,708 people, 1,766 households, and 1,227 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 65.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,935 housing units at an average density of 26.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.67% White, 1.21% African American, 1.83% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 1.47% from other races, and 3.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.63% of the population.

There were 1,766 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,427, and the median income for a family was $42,125. Males had a median income of $34,712 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,576. About 10.8% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Silver Springs, Nevada


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Smith Valley, Nevada

Smith Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The population was 1,603 at the 2010 census.

Geography and name
Smith Valley is located in southwestern Lyon County at 38.81917°N, -119.35583°W (38.819204, -119.355912), occupying the valley of the same name. The valley is bordered to the west by the Pine Nut Mountains, to the north by the Buckskin Range, to the east by the Singatse Range, to the southwest by the Wellington Hills, and to the southeast by the Pine Grove Hills. The CDP occupies the western and central parts of the valley, with the western border of the CDP following the Douglas County line.

Nevada State Route 208 passes through the valley, leading northeast 23 mi to Yerington, the Lyon county seat, and west 15 mi to U.S. Route 395 north of Topaz Lake. State Route 338 leads south from Smith Valley 30 mi to the California border, where State Route 182 leads an additional 14 mi to Bridgeport, California.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Smith Valley CDP has a total area of 317.4 km2, of which 312.4 km2 are land and 5.0 km2, or 1.57%, are water. The central part of the valley is drained by the West Walker River, which exits the valley to the east through Wilson Canyon. The northern part of the valley is an endorheic basin, with Artesia Lake occupying the lowest area.

Smith Valley is named for American fur trapper and explorer Jedediah Smith, who crossed the area in spring 1827, after crossing the Sierra Nevada at Ebbetts Pass on his way to the 1827 fur trade rendezvous.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,422 people, 553 households, and 419 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 11.8 people per square mile (4.6/km$2$). There were 610 housing units at an average density of 5.1 per square mile (2.05/km$2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.23% White, 0.27% African American, 1.20% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 8.01% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.37% of the population.

There were 553 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 17 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $46,803, and the median income for a family was $46,625. Males had a median income of $31,574 versus $29,038 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,940. About 8.4% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Wovoka, also known as Jack Wilson, a Northern Paiute religious leader who founded the Ghost Dance movement of 1890, was born and raised in Smith Valley.

Water use and shortages
The West Walker River flows through Smith Valley, and for more than a century the flows of the Walker have been diverted to irrigate farms and ranches. Diversions of the Walker River have contributed to near complete ecosystem collapse of Walker Lake. The primary crops grown in Smith Valley are alfalfa and hay.

In addition to the use of surface water that has led to the ecological collapse of Walker Lake, Smith Valley water users have withdrawn groundwater at an unsustainable rate for at least 50 years. In 2015, the Nevada Department of Water Resources issues Order 1267, limiting the use of supplemental groundwater in Smith and Mason Valleys. The order was subsequently struck down by state district court, as the order's 50% curtailment of all supplemental groundwater rights was found to abridge the priority dates of some supplemental groundwater right owners. In 2022, a study by the Nevada Department of Water Resources indicated that the groundwater table in Smith Valley has declined by more than 100 ft in the last 50 years and that more than 287000 acre ft of groundwater have been withdrawn from the valley. During the same time period, the Walker River through Smith Valley has significantly declined in stream efficiency, suggesting that groundwater pumping is leading to more river water leaving the channel to the groundwater table each year.

Smith Valley High School notable alumni

 * Robin L. Titus, Republican member of the Nevada Assembly

title: Smith Valley, Nevada


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Yerington, Nevada

Yerington is a city in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The population was 3,048 at the 2010 census. It is the current county seat of Lyon County, with the first county seat having been established at Dayton on November 29, 1861. It is named after Henry M. Yerington, superintendent of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad from 1868 to 1910.

Native people
The Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch is headquartered in Yerington. The people, known as Numu (human beings) in their own language, have lived in the Smith and Mason Valleys in Northwestern Nevada, since around 1000 A.D.

City
The community was formerly named Greenfield, Mason Valley, and Pizen Switch (irreverent nickname from the time where Yerington was a transfer - or switch - stop; and the local whiskey was so bad that it was called "poison". "Poison" came out sounding like "pizen" because of local vernacular, and the name "Pizen Switch" stuck.)

It was founded on August 6, 1871. The city was incorporated on March 17, 1907.

After the Dayton Court House burned down in 1909, the county seat was moved to Yerington in 1911.

Wilson Ranch fire balloon
During World War II, one of many Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs launched at the United States landed on the Wilson Ranch near Yerington. The ranchers, not knowing what it was, attempted to notify the authorities by mail, but did not receive a response until after they cut it up and used it as a hay tarp.

Geography
Yerington is located at the intersection of US 95A and Nevada State Route 208. It is 33 mi south of Silver Springs and U.S. Route 50, 47 miles (76 km) south of Fernley and Interstate 80, 23 mi west of Schurz and U.S. Route 95, and 23 mi northeast of Smith Valley.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 76.3 km2, all land. The Walker River is formed in southern Lyon County, 9 mi south of Yerington, by the confluence of the East Walker and West Walker rivers. It flows into the Mason Valley where Yerington is located, and is used for irrigation.

Climate
Yerington experiences a borderline cool desert climate (Köppen BWk)/cool semi-arid climate (BSk). Yerington is noticeably more arid than areas even marginally closer to the Sierra Nevada – it receives only half as much precipitation as Carson City, a third as much as South Lake Tahoe and only one-eighth as much as Nevada City, California on the western Sierra slopes. Because the drying effect of the Pine Nut Mountains is most pronounced in the winter, Yerington receives very little snow in most years, although in the very cold and snowy month of January 1916 as much as 37.0 in fell and that season saw a total of 39.5 in. January 2017 proved the first month to exceed 4 in of precipitation when it totaled 4.55 in. The wettest "rain year" has been from July 1955 to June 1956 with 9.06 in and the driest from July 1949 to June 1950 with only 1.62 in, although the calendar year of 1983 saw 10.58 in. The most precipitation in one day is 2.02 in on September 18, 1955, closely rivaled by December 23 of that year when 2.00 in fell.

During the summer, temperatures are generally hot to very hot in the afternoon, but the high altitude and low humidity means temperature drop to a comfortable level at night. On average, 8.0 afternoons each summer will exceed 100 F and 73.2 afternoons reach 90 F. It is rare, though, that minima stay above 68 F, although thirteen mornings stayed this warm in 2015. The hottest minimum has been 78 F on July 22, 2003, and the hottest temperature 107 F on July 15, 2014. In the winter, afternoons are sunny and cool to cold with all but 4.6 topping freezing on average, although mornings typically range from freezing to frigid: 135.5 mornings fall below freezing in an average year and 0.6 fall to or below 0 F. The coldest temperature on record is −26 F on January 21, 1937, and the coldest month January 1949 which averaged 12.4 F with a mean minimum of −4.6 F. The coldest afternoon is 6 F, which occurred on February 6, 1989, and December 22, 1990.

Demographics

For the 2010 census, basic statistics show there were 3,048 people, 1,302 households, and 747 families residing in the city. The population density was 1792.9 people per square mile. There were 1,507 housing units at an average density of 886.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 80.20% White, 0.60% African American, 6.80% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 8.90% from other races, and 3.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.80% of the population.

In comparison, during the census of 2000, there were 2,883 people, 1,203 households, and 729 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,698.4 people per square mile. There were 1,359 housing units at an average density of 800.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 84.53% White, 0.17% African American, 6.24% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 5.79% from other races, and 2.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.44% of the population.

There were 1,203 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29, and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 25.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,151, and the median income for a family was $39,038. Males had a median income of $25,724 versus $24,550 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,640. About 12.6% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.2% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over.

In popular culture
"Darcy Farrow," a folk song written by Steve Gillette and Tom Campbell, mentions Yerington ("Her eyes shone bright like the pretty lights / That shine in the night out of Yerington town," 7–8) and other places and landmarks in the area, including Virginia City, the Carson Valley, and the Truckee River. Critics have noted the geographical inaccuracy in the line "The Walker runs down to the Carson Valley plain."

Notable people

 * Nevada Barr, (1952– ) mystery writer, created the Anna Pigeon series
 * Jesse Brinkley, (1976– ) professional boxer, contestant on season one of The Contender
 * Joe Dini, (1929–2014) long time member of the Nevada Assembly
 * Wovoka, (1856–1932) also known as Jack Wilson. Paiute religious leader

title: Yerington, Nevada


text:
Hawthorne, Nevada

Hawthorne is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, Nevada, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,118. It is the county seat of Mineral County. The nearby Hawthorne Army Depot is the primary economic base of the town.

History
The first permanent settlement at Hawthorne was established in 1880.

The townsite was selected in 1880 by H. M. Yerington, president of the Carson and Colorado Railroad Co. as a division and distribution site for the new railroad.

The location was adjacent to the important Knapp's Station and Ferry Landing on the busy Esmeralda Toll Road from Wadsworth to Candelaria. Connecting roads were built to all of the surrounding mining areas.

H. M. Yerington named the new town "Hawthorne" after a lumberman, rancher, and law enforcement friend he knew in Carson City. The first train arrived on April 14, 1881, loaded with prospective buyers for the new town lots.

In 1883, Hawthorne took the Esmeralda County seat from declining Aurora but later lost it to booming Goldfield. In 1911, it again became a county seat, this time for the new Mineral County.

Geography
Hawthorne is located in west-central Mineral County at 38.52528°N, -118.62306°W (38.525198, -118.623053). It is nearly surrounded by the Hawthorne Army Depot and is bordered to the northwest by the remains of the community of Babbitt. U.S. Route 95 passes through the community, leading north 71 mi to Fallon and southeast 103 mi to Tonopah. Nevada State Route 359 leads southwest from Hawthorne 32 mi to the California border, from where California State Route 167 continues 23 mi to Mono City.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Hawthorne CDP has a total area of 1.76 sqmi, all land. Walker Lake is 7 mi to the north, and the Wassuk Range overlooks the town from the west. The highest point in the range and in Mineral County, 11239 ft Mount Grant, is 9 mi northwest of Hawthorne.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 3,311 people, 1,465 households, and 937 families in the CDP. The population density was 2,234.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,883 housing units at an average density of 1,271.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 83.6% White, 5.0% African American, 3.2% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.7%.

Of the 1,465 households 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 31.2% of households were one person and 15.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.74.

The age distribution was 22.9% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,413, and the median income for a family was $41,733. Males had a median income of $31,344 versus $25,058 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,830. About 8.6% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Hawthorne has a public library, the Mineral County Library.

Places of interest

 * Hawthorne Army Depot
 * Hawthorne Ordnance Museum
 * Mineral County Museum
 * Walker Lake

title: Hawthorne, Nevada


text:
Fifty Lakes, Minnesota

Fifty Lakes is a city in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 387 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Fifty Lakes was incorporated in May 1949. Its post office began in 1926.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.16 sqmi, of which 29.20 sqmi is land and 3.96 sqmi is water. It is along County Roads 1, 3, and 136.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 387 people, 173 households, and 129 families living in the city. The population density was 13.3 PD/sqmi. There were 585 housing units at an average density of 20.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.2% White and 0.8% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 173 households, of which 20.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.4% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.53.

The median age in the city was 56.4 years. 17.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 13.1% were from 25 to 44; 32.6% were from 45 to 64; and 34.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 392 people, 194 households, and 135 families living in the city. The population density was 13.5 PD/sqmi. There were 515 housing units at an average density of 17.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.74% White and 0.26% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.

There were 194 households, out of which 13.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.9% were married couples living together, 2.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.39.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 11.5% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 16.1% from 25 to 44, 40.1% from 45 to 64, and 27.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 57 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,773, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $48,125 versus $23,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,575. About 2.9% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Fifty Lakes, Minnesota


text:
Schurz, Nevada

Schurz is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, Nevada, United States. The population was 656 at the 2020 census. It is located on the Walker River Indian Reservation and is the burial place of Wovoka, the Paiute messiah who originated the Ghost Dance movement.

History
Schurz was founded in 1891. The town was named after Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz. A post office has been in operation at Schurz since 1891.

Geography
Schurz is located in northwestern Mineral County at the junction of U.S. Route 95 and U.S. Route 95 Alternate. U.S. 95 leads south 34 mi to Hawthorne, the Mineral county seat, and north 37 mi to Fallon, while U.S. 95A leads west 23 mi to Yerington.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Schurz CDP has a total area of 11.5 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 721 people, 281 households, and 180 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 11.9 PD/sqmi. There were 312 housing units at an average density of 5.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 9.99% White, 0.69% African American, 83.63% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 1.66% from other races, and 3.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.57% of the population.

There were 281 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 20.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 32.9% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64 and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,265, and the median income for a family was $26,964. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $23,958 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,886. About 19.8% of families and 26.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.7% of those under age 18 and 30.6% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
The Köppen Climate System classifies the weather in this area as semi-arid, abbreviated BSk. This climate type occurs primarily on the periphery of true deserts in low-latitude semiarid steppe regions.

title: Schurz, Nevada


text:
Beatty, Nevada

Beatty is an unincorporated town along the Amargosa River in Nye County, Nevada, United States. U.S. Route 95 runs through the town, which lies between Tonopah, about 90 mi to the north and Las Vegas, about 120 mi to the southeast. State Route 374 connects Beatty to Death Valley National Park, about 8 mi to the west.

Before the arrival of non-indigenous people in the 19th century, the region was home to groups of Western Shoshone. Established in 1905, the community was named after Montillus (Montillion) Murray "Old Man" Beatty, who settled on a ranch in the Oasis Valley in 1896 and became Beatty's first postmaster. With the arrival of the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad in 1905, the town became a railway center for the Bullfrog Mining District, including mining towns such as nearby Rhyolite. Starting in the 1940s, Nellis Air Force Base and other federal installations contributed to the town's economy as did tourism related to Death Valley National Park and the rise of Las Vegas as an entertainment center.

Beatty is home to the Beatty Museum and Historical Society and to businesses catering to tourist travel. The ghost town of Rhyolite and the Goldwell Open Air Museum (a sculpture park), are both about 4 mi to the west, and Yucca Mountain and the Nevada Test Site are about 18 mi to the east.

History
Before the arrival of non-indigenous explorers, prospectors, and settlers, Western Shoshone in the Beatty area hunted game and gathered wild plants in the region. It is estimated that the 19th-century population density of the Indians near Beatty was one person per 44 sqmi. By the middle of the century, European diseases had greatly reduced the Indian population, and incursions by newcomers had disrupted the native traditions. In about 1875, the Shoshone had six camps, with a total population of 29, along the Amargosa River near Beatty. Some of the survivors and their descendants continued to live in or near Beatty, while others moved to reservations at Walker Lake, Reese River, Duckwater, or elsewhere.

Beatty is named after "Old Man" Montillus (Montillion) Murray Beatty, a Civil War veteran and miner who bought a ranch along the Amargosa River just north of the future community and became its first postmaster in 1905. The community was laid out in 1904 or 1905 after Ernest Alexander "Bob" Montgomery, owner of the Montgomery Shoshone Mine near Rhyolite, decided to build the Montgomery Hotel in Beatty. Montgomery was drawn to the area, known as the Bullfrog Mining District, because of a gold rush that began in 1904 in the Bullfrog Hills west of Beatty.

During Beatty's first year, wagons pulled by teams of horses or mules hauled freight between the Bullfrog district (that included the towns of Rhyolite, Bullfrog, Gold Center, Transvaal, and Springdale) and the nearest railroad, in Las Vegas, and by the middle of 1905, about 1,500 horses were engaged in this business. In October 1906, the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad (LV&T) began regular service to Beatty; in April 1907, the Bullfrog Goldfield Railroad (BG) reached the community, and the Tonopah and Tidewater (T&T) line added a third railroad in October 1907. The LV&T ceased operations in 1918, the BG in 1928, and the T&T in 1940. Until the railroads abandoned their lines, Beatty served as the railhead for many mines in the area, including a fluorspar mine on Bare Mountain, to the east.

Beatty's first newspaper was the Beatty Bullfrog Miner, which began publishing in 1905 and went out of business in 1909. The Rhyolite Herald was the region's most important paper, starting in 1905 and reaching a circulation of 10,000 by 1909. It ceased publication in 1912, and the Beatty area had no newspaper from then until 1947. The Beatty Bulletin, a supplement to the Goldfield News, was published from then through 1956.

Beatty's population grew slowly in the first half of the 20th century, rising from 169 in 1929 to 485 in 1950. The first reliable electric company in the community, Amargosa Power Company, began supplying electricity in about 1940. Phone service arrived during World War II, and the town installed a community-wide sewer system in the 1970s. When a new mine opened west of Beatty in 1988, the population briefly surged from about 1,000 to between 1,500 and 2,000 by the end of 1990. Since the mine's closing in 1998, the population has fallen again to near its former level.

Geography and climate
Beatty lies along U.S. Route 95 between Tonopah, about 90 mi to the north, and Las Vegas, about 120 mi to the southeast. State Route 374 connects Beatty to Death Valley National Park, about 8 mi to the west. Yucca Mountain and the Nevada Test Site are about 18 mi to the east. The most densely populated part of the census-designated place (CDP) of Beatty is at 36.90944°N, -116.75444°W (36.909337, −116.754531), although the CDP extends well beyond this urban center. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 175.6 sqmi, all land. The most populated area lies at 3307 ft above sea level between Beatty Mountain and Bare Mountain to the east and the Bullfrog Hills to the west. The Amargosa River, an intermittent river that ends in Death Valley, flows on the surface through part of the CDP but has not been counted as water in the Census Bureau statistics.

Nevada's main climatic features are bright sunshine, low annual precipitation, heavy snowfall in the higher mountains, clean, dry air, and large daily temperature ranges. Strong surface heating occurs by day and rapid cooling by night, and usually even the hottest days have cool nights. The average percentage of possible sunshine in southern Nevada is more than 80 percent. Sunshine and low humidity in this region account for an average evaporation, as measured in evaporation pans, of more than 100 in of water a year.

Beatty receives only 5.71 in of precipitation a year. Precipitation of at least .01 in falls on an average of 21 days annually. The wettest year was 1941 with 11.89 in and driest year was 1953 with 0.69 in. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 41.1 °F in December to 80.2 °F in July. On average, there are 26 days of 100 F+ highs, 97 days of 90 F+, and 38 days where the high remains at or below 50 F; the average window for freezing temperatures is November 2 to April 6. Snow is uncommon and measurable (≥0.1 in) amounts occur in less than 60 of seasons. The highest recorded temperature was 115 F on June 11, 1961, and the lowest was 1 F on February 2, 1933.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,154 people, 535 households, and 270 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6.6 PD/sqmi. There were 740 housing units at an average density of 4.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.9% White, 0.1% African American, 1.5% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 3.1% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.9% of the population. There were 535 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.8% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.5% were non-families. 43.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 3.04. In the CDP the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.6 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $41,250, and the median income for a family was $52,639. Males had a median income of $44,438 versus $25,962 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,971. About 10.4% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 19.6% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 census, 1,010 people lived in Beatty.

Government
Under the terms of the Unincorporated Town Government Law of Nevada, Beatty is governed by the Nye County Commission assisted by a local board acting as a liaison between the citizens of Beatty and the commissioners. The Beatty Town Advisory Board consists of five elected members who meet twice a month at the Beatty Community Center. The Beatty General Improvement District manages the community's parks, swimming pool, putting course, and other recreational grounds.

Bruce Jabbour, Frank Carbone, Donna Cox, Ron Boskovich, and Debra Strickland are the county commissioners in 2024. Among the many county departments are administration, works and roads, building and code compliance, sheriff, animal control, planning, property assessment, the Fifth Judicial District Court, health and human services, senior centers including the Beatty Senior Center, and lower courts including the Beatty Justice Court. The Nye County Sheriff's Office has a substation in Beatty. Among other things, the office handles dispatch for the Beatty Volunteer Fire Department, which provides firefighting and ambulance services.

Gregory Hafen II, a Republican, represents Beatty and the rest of District 36 in the Nevada Assembly. In the Nevada Senate, Beatty, as part of District 19, is represented by Pete Goicoechea, a Republican.

Mark Amodei, a Republican, represents Beatty and the rest of Nevada's Second Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives. Jacky Rosen and Catherine Cortez Masto, both Democrats, represent Nevada in the United States Senate.

Economy
Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905, and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district. Beatty became the economic center for a large sparsely populated region. Aside from mining, other activities sustaining the community during the 1920s and 1930s included retail sales, gas and oil distribution, construction of Scotty's Castle, and the production and sale of illegal alcohol during Prohibition.

Nevada's legalization of gambling in 1931, the establishment of Death Valley National Monument in 1933, and the rise of Las Vegas as an entertainment center, brought visitors to Beatty, which became increasingly tourist-oriented.

As underground mining declined in the region, federal defense spending, starting with the Nellis Air Force Range in 1940 and the Nevada Test Site in 1950, also contributed to the local economy. However, in 1988, an open-pit mine and mill began operations about 4 mi west of Beatty along State Route 374. Barrick Gold acquired the mine in 1994 and continued to extract and process ore at what became known as the Barrick Bullfrog Mine. At its peak, the mine employed 540 workers, many of whom lived in Beatty. The mine closed in 1998.

In 2004, the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) named the closed Barrick Bullfrog mine site as one of six slated for pilot reclamation projects under the national Brownfields Mine-Scarred Land Initiative. A local group, the Beatty Economic Development Corporation (BEDC), in discussions with the EPA, suggested solar-power generation as a potential use for the site. Barrick Gold later transferred 81 acres of its land to Beatty. In February 2009, the New York Times published a Greenwire article suggesting that part of the economic stimulus money from the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act might finance the Beatty project. "Studies show that the Beatty area has some of the best solar energy potential in the United States, as well as a high potential for wind-power generation," the Greenwire story said.

The Beatty Chamber of Commerce web site describes the community as the Gateway to Death Valley, a small rural locality that has "everything the desert visitor needs" including motels and recreational vehicle (RV) sites. Aside from tourism, businesses contributing to the local economy include mining, retail trade, public administration and gambling.

Burro races
From 1961 until 1972 the local Lions Club held annual burro races that drew competitors from the United States, Canada, and as far away as Iran. National attention was brought to the race when Reg Potterton wrote a feature article about the 1971 race for Playboy magazine. The story, appearing in the May 1972 issue, featured stories about the town, the contestants, and the tourists who attended. Eventually the races were discontinued after organizers decided that the visitors they attracted were not good for Beatty's image.

Infrastructure and culture
The community is home to the Beatty Museum and Historical Society. The ghost town of Rhyolite and the Goldwell Open Air Museum, a sculpture park, are about 4 mi to the west. Bailey's Hot Springs and bathhouses are about 5 mi north of Beatty in the Oasis Valley. In addition to highways, Beatty has a general aviation airfield, Beatty Airport, about 3 mi south of downtown. Beatty Medical Center, which opened in 1977, provides family medicine and other services. The Beatty Library is the only library in Nevada that is housed in a geodesic dome. Beatty's combined elementary and middle schools, serving kindergarten through eighth grade, and Beatty High School, grades 9–12, are part of the Nye County School District. The Beatty Water and Sanitation District supplies drinking water from three wells to the town residents and treats the community's wastewater.

title: Beatty, Nevada


text:
Gabbs, Nevada

Gabbs is an unincorporated town in Nye County, Nevada, United States. The population was 269 at the 2010 census. Located in northern Nye County, it is part of the Greater Las Vegas, making it at 321 mi the most distant community from Las Vegas in the Las Vegas–Henderson combined statistical area.

History
Gabbs was founded circa December 1941 as a company town for Basic Magnesium, Inc. (BMI), which operated a magnesium production plant in the area. The town grew out of an earlier mining camp named Brucite (after the magnesium oxide brucite that occurred locally), and took the name of the surrounding Gabbs Valley, itself named after paleontologist William Gabb (who had studied fossil specimens from the area). World War II demand for magnesium fueled the plant's expansion under the direction of the War Production Board, and policing, a jail, and a school district were established during 1942. Gabbs became a township in June 1943, with a population of 426. Settlements at North Gabbs, South Gabbs, and Tent City (which later largely merged into North Gabbs) were served by a library, city hall, parks, and tennis courts, and a succession of local newspapers. The city incorporated on March 29, 1955.

In September 1944 the original magnesium plant was closed, having produced enough ore to meet targets for the projected duration of the war. The local population initially fell, but revived when a new plant administered by Basic Refractories, Inc., producing magnesium for the private sector, was opened in 1955. The town's population climbed to 796 by 1960.

In 1982 BRI laid off half its 350 workers, prompting the town's population to decline once more. An influx of workers to a gold mine in nearby Paradise Peak briefly expanded the population again during the 1980s and 1990s, but this plant too closed in 1994, and in 2001 Gabbs lost its incorporated status. Today the town retains a high school, stores, and homes.

Geography
Gabbs is located at 38.86639°N, -117.92556°W (38.866469, -117.925512).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.8 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 269 people, 121 households, and 78 families residing in the census-designated place (CDP) of Gabbs. The population density was 122.3 PD/sqmi. There were 183 housing units at an average density of 83.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.4% White, 5.6% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.7% some other race, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.5% of the population.

There were 121 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were headed by married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22, and the average family size was 2.78.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 17.0% from 25 to 44, 36.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.2 males.

For the period 2007–2011, the estimated median annual income for a household in the CDP was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $26,346. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,630. About 28.1% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the poverty line.

title: Gabbs, Nevada


text:
Tonopah, Nevada

Tonopah (, Shoshoni language: Tonampaa) is an unincorporated town in and the county seat of Nye County, Nevada, United States. Nicknamed the Queen of the Silver Camps for its mining-rich history, it is now primarily a tourism-based resort city, notable for attractions like the Mizpah Hotel and the Clown Motel.

Tonopah is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95, approximately midway between Las Vegas and Reno. In the 2010 census, the population was 2,478. The census-designated place (CDP) of Tonopah has a total area of 16.2 sqmi, all land.

History

The American community began circa 1900 with the discovery of silver-rich ore by prospector Jim Butler. The legendary tale of discovery says that he went looking for a burro that had wandered off during the night and sought shelter near a rock outcropping. When Butler discovered the animal the next morning, he picked up a rock to throw at it in frustration, noticing that the rock was unusually heavy. He had stumbled upon the second-richest silver strike in Nevada history. However, this commonly-told story is likely apocryphal. Butler was married a local Paiute women named Belle -- her family guided Butler to the area long known by indigenous peoples for its surface minerals.

Men of wealth and power entered the region to consolidate the mines and reinvest their profits into the infrastructure of the town of Tonopah. George Wingfield, a 24-year-old poker player when he arrived in Tonopah, played poker and dealt faro in the town saloons. Once he had a small bankroll, he talked Jack Carey, owner of the Tonopah Club, into taking him in as a partner and filing for a gaming license. In 1903, miners rioted against Chinese workers in Tonopah. This resulted in China enforcing a boycott in China of U.S. imported goods.

By 1904, after investing his winnings in the Boston-Tonopah Mining Company, Wingfield was worth $2 million. When old friend George S. Nixon, a banker, arrived in town, Wingfield invested in his Nye County Bank. They grub-staked (provided with food, supplies and tools in an exchange for a percentage of mine yield) miners with friend Nick Abelman, and bought existing mines. By the time the partners moved to Goldfield, Nevada and made their Goldfield Consolidated Mining Company a public corporation in 1906, Nixon and Wingfield were worth more than $30 million.

Wingfield believed that the end of the gold and silver mining production was coming and took his bankroll to Reno, where he invested heavily in real estate and casinos. Real estate and gaming became big business throughout Central Nevada. By 1910, gold production was falling, and by 1920, the town of Tonopah had less than half the population it had fifteen years earlier.

Small mining ventures continued to provide income for local miners and the small town struggled on. Located about halfway between Reno and Las Vegas, it has supported travelers as a stopover and rest spot on a lonely highway. Today the Tonopah Station has slots and the Banc Club also offers some gaming.

Also in Nye County is the Yomba Band of the Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, a federally recognized band of Western Shoshone people. The Western Shoshone dominated most of Nevada at the time of American settlement in the 1860s.

Since the late 20th century, Tonopah has relied on the nearby military Tonopah Test Range as its main source of employment. The military has used the range and surrounding areas as a nuclear bomb test site, a bombing range, and a base of operations for the development of the F-117 Nighthawk.

In 2014, California-based solar energy company SolarReserve completed construction on a $980 million advanced solar energy project near Tonopah. The Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project uses liquid sodium as a heat transfer medium for its solar energy storage technology. The plant began producing power in November 2015.

On May 15, 2020, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck 35 mi west of Tonopah, followed by a series of aftershocks, the largest of which was a magnitude 5.1. However, no injuries were reported. It was the largest earthquake in Nevada since 1954.

Etymology and pronunciation
The founder, Jim Butler, named the settlement from what is thought to be a Shoshoni language word, pronounced "TOE-nuh-pah." Although the town previously had a variety of names, including Butler City, Jim Butler's name has survived. According to local history, the name is said to mean "hidden spring".

Linguistically, the name derives from either Shoshone to-nuv (greasewood), or Northern Paiute to-nav (greasewood), and pa, meaning water in both dialects.

Climate
Tonopah has an arid, cold desert climate with cool winters and hot summers. Due to Tonopah’s aridity and high altitude, daily temperature ranges are quite large and lows in winter are similar to many continental climates. Nights are cool, even in summer.

There are an average of 50.3 afternoons with highs at or above 90 F, 157.8 mornings with lows of 32 F or lower, 7.6 afternoons where the high does not top freezing and 1.7 mornings with lows below 0 F. The record high temperature in Tonopah was 104 F on July 18, 1960, and the record low -15 F on January 24, 1937 and January 23, 1962.

There are an average of 38 days with measurable precipitation and about 5.14 in of precipitation that falls each year. The amount of minimal precipitation that does fall is roughly the same for each month at about 0.3 in to 0.5 in per month. The wettest calendar year was 1978 with 10.64 in and the driest 2020 with 1.95 in. The most precipitation in one month was 3.46 in in August 2023. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 2.55 in on August 20, 2023. Average annual snowfall is 16.8 in, though even in winter the median snow depth is zero and the maximum recorded only 13 in on February 11, 1968. The most snowfall in one year was 79.3 in from July 1946 to June 1947, including 37.0 in in November 1946.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,627 people, 1,109 households, and 672 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 162.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,561 housing units at an average density of 96.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.24% White, 1.41% Native American, 0.76% African American, 0.42% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander, 2.82% from other races, and 3.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 6.17% of the population.

There were 1,109 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 105.9 men.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,401, and the median income for a family was $47,917. Males had a median income of $40,018 versus $22,056 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,256. About 5.7% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 19.1% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

During the silver bonanza of the first decade of the 20th century, the need in the precious-metal fields for freight service led to construction of a network of local railroad lines across the Nevada desert to Tonopah. Examples include the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad, the Tonopah and Goldfield Railroad, and the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad. Coal was hauled to the silver mines to power mine operations and also the stamp mills built in and around Tonopah to break apart the hard-rock ore for milling and refining.

As the railroad lines were reduced with the decline of mining and restructuring of railroads in the late 20th century, 18-wheelers became the dominant method of moving freight. Tonopah took on a new identity as an extreme freight destination. The chorus of the song "Willin'" by Lowell George of Little Feat on the albums Little Feat, Sailin' Shoes, and Waiting for Columbus refers to Tonopah, Nevada:

"And I've been from Tucson to Tucumcari, Tehachapi to Tonopah. I've driven every kind of rig that's ever been made; driven the backroads so I wouldn't get weighed."

In the early 21st century, Tonopah is served by two U.S. Highways, Routes 6 and 95. There is no rail service. General aviation facilities are located at nearby Tonopah Airport. The nearest airport with scheduled passenger service is Mammoth Yosemite Airport, about 100 mi away. The nearest major airports are Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas, and Reno–Tahoe International Airport in Reno, each more than 200 mi away.

Daily bus service between Las Vegas, Tonopah, and Reno is provided by Salt Lake Express.

Notable people

 * Hugh Bradner (1915–2008), physicist and inventor of the neoprene wetsuit, which helped to revolutionize scuba diving
 * T. Brian Callister, physician and nationally known health care policy expert; practiced in Tonopah between 1991 and 1995
 * Thomas Joseph Connolly, Catholic bishop of Baker
 * Wyatt Earp (1848–1929), Western lawman and fortune seeker; arrived in Tonopah in 1902 and opened the Northern Saloon
 * Barbara Graham (born Barbara Elaine Ford; 1923–1955), murderer; one of four women to be executed in California
 * William Robert Johnson (1918–1986), Catholic bishop of Orange
 * Andriza Mircovich ( c. 1879–1913), only prisoner to be executed by shooting in Nevada
 * Tasker L. Oddie (1870–1950), 12th Governor of Nevada, and United States Senator; resident of Tonopah
 * Key D. Pittman (1872–1940), U.S. Senator; resident of Tonopah
 * Vail M. Pittman (1880–1965), 19th Governor of Nevada; resident of Tonopah
 * Mayme Schweble (1874–1943), gold prospector and politician, one of the first female residents of Tonopah
 * Stalking Cat (born Dennis Avner; 1958–2012), man known for his extensive body modifications
 * Sally Bould Stan (1917–2008), architect in California; born in Tonopah

Places of interest

 * Mizpah Hotel, with construction begun in 1905, shortly after the town of Tonopah was founded, and finished in late 1908, after several delays. The Mizpah Hotel was once the tallest building in the state.
 * The Clown Motel, located next to the Tonopah Cemetery, is a popular place to stay because of all the reports of being haunted by "ghost clowns" and miners who were killed in the 1911 Belmont Mine Fire. The motel was featured as a haunted location on the Travel Channel's paranormal TV series' Ghost Adventures in 2017 and Most Terrifying Places in America in 2018.

In popular culture

 * Tonopah was the subject of an episode of Death Valley Days titled "Birth of a Boom".
 * Tonopah was the subject of an episode of Rhett & Link: Commercial Kings. Rhett and Link developed a slogan for the town "Visit Tonopah, We're Different".
 * A picture of Tonopah is featured as the last page of the Lucky Luke comic album Le Grand Duc (1973).
 * Tonopah is mentioned in the lyrics to the song "Willin'" by the country rock band Little Feat.
 * The Garden mentions Tonopah in the song "What Else Could I Be But a Jester."
 * The opening scene of the movie Melvin and Howard features the desert "outside of Tonopah" with Howard Hughes, played by Jason Robards, shown riding a dirt bike.
 * Tonopah figures in the storylines of a number of episodes of the 1960s television series State Trooper. Though the show was largely filmed in Los Angeles, outdoor location shots featuring the Nye County Courthouse and downtown Tonopah were incorporated in the production.
 * The Cartoon Network series Ellen's Acres takes place near Tonopah.
 * The TV Show "Turquoise Fever" features residents of Tonopah and mines near Tonopah. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10196500/

Twin towns
Tonopah is twinned with the following towns:
 * 🇲🇱 Kéniéba, Mali

title: Tonopah, Nevada


text:
Lovelock, Nevada

Lovelock is the county seat of Pershing County, Nevada, United States, in which it is the only incorporated city.

It is the namesake of a nearby medium-security men's prison and a Cold War-era gunnery range.

Formerly a stop for settlers on their way to California and later a train depot, the town's economy remains based on farming, mining and increasingly on tourism.

History
The area in which the township of Lovelock was to be established first came to prominence as a midpoint on the Humboldt Trail to California. According to an 1849 description of what were then called the Big Meadows, "This marsh for three miles is certainly the liveliest place that one could witness in a lifetime. There is some two hundred and fifty wagons here all the time. Trains going out and others coming in and taking their places is the constant order of the day. Cattle and mules by the hundreds are surrounding us, in grass to their knees, all discoursing sweet music with the grinding of their jaws.”

A few settlers stopped there to harvest the wild rye growing in the meadows and scythe the hay each fall, which they sold. Arriving there from California in 1866, the English settler George Lovelock (1824–1907) bought the squatters' right for 320 acres and received with it the oldest water rights on the Humboldt River.

Although born in Wales, Lovelock was from an English family of Wiltshire origin that is known to family historians as the Lyneham Line. His brother Daniel moved to Australia—and one of Daniel's sons to New Zealand—so that the relations of the man after whom the Nevada town was named are now widely scattered.

The town's foundation came about with the building of the Central Pacific Railroad through the area in August 1868. George Lovelock provided 85 acres for the site, so the depot was named 'Lovelock's' after him and appears as such on old maps.

Thereafter he put his mining expertise to work and discovered many valuable lodes in the surrounding area, which contributed to increased railway traffic. He also acted as the town's first postmaster and invested in hotels. In particular, he was the first proprietor of the Big Meadows Hotel on Main Street, adjacent to the train station. That was eventually adapted as the Greyhound Bus depot.

By 1900, the town of Lovelock had a school, churches and a business district along what was then called Railway Street—later renamed West Broadway. Also included among the businesses were three weekly newspapers: The Lovelock Tribune, which ran from May 1898 until February 1912; the short-lived Lovelock Standard (April–September 1900); and The Argus (May 1900-Jan 1905). In August 1908 the weekly Lovelock Review was founded, becoming Lovelock Review-Miner in January 1911 and remaining under that name to the present day.

Lovelock was incorporated as a city in 1917. In 1919 it was named the county seat when Pershing County was organized, carved out of the southern part of Humboldt County. Its famous round Court House was built at the end of Main Street, on the former site of a school that had been relocated.

While mining and agriculture were the base of the economy, the community thrived on the state specialty of gambling. It had many casinos and three legalized brothels; all of the latter are now closed.

The town's centenary was celebrated in 1968 with a Frontier Days theme suggested by two of the founder's great-great granddaughters, Elaine Pommerening and Pat Rowe, who had recently moved back to Lovelock. This was part of the more recent emphasis on heritage tourism.

In 1983, old U.S. Route 40 through downtown was bypassed by Interstate 80, which pulled business from the center. In the early 1990s the rail depot closed. Since then, the city has promoted its heritage tourist attractions, emphasizing its historic buildings and organizing special events.

Several mining booms have taken place in the neighboring mountains. These included intensive activity in the Rochester and Seven Troughs areas at the start of the 20th century, and subsequent drilling with more advanced techniques later in Rochester. The Coeur Rochester mine began further open cast mining for silver and gold in 2011. Test drilling for gold continues at Relief Canyon, and diatomite is dug at the Colado Mine.

Geography
Lovelock lies in the Humboldt River Basin, very near the terminus of the river. Some 20 miles outside the town is the Lovelock Native Cave, a horseshoe-shaped cave of about 35 ft and 150 ft where Northern Paiute natives anciently deposited a number of duck decoys and other artifacts.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.9 sqmi, all of it land. It has four differently designed welcome signs with pioneer and Wild West themes placed on its approach roads. At the southern end of town is the 20-acre reservation of the Lovelock Paiute Tribe, which has recently profited from a change in state law to open a marijuana dispensary there.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lovelock has a cold desert climate, abbreviated "BWk" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Lovelock was 112 °F on July 5, 2007, while the coldest temperature recorded was -38 °F on January 25, 1949.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,003 people, 778 households, and 493 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,311.6 PD/sqmi. There were 951 housing units at an average density of 1,097.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 76.49% White, 0.80% African American, 7.14% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 10.03% from other races, and 4.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.21% of the population.

There were 778 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,563, and the median income for a family was $44,885. Males had a median income of $38,658 versus $20,371 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,233. About 9.6% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 19.3% of those age 65 or over. The majority rely on agriculture and mining for their income.

Tourism

Among the tourist events figure the I.D.E.S. Portuguese festival in May and what became the annual Frontier Days weekend in July. There are also hot air balloon races (Lovers Aloft, inaugurated in February 2004) and the Lovelock Street Fever car show, begun in June 2007. A major draw is the Lovers Lock Plaza in the shaded area at the back of the Court House where couples symbolise their love by attaching a padlock to an 'endless chain', a practice begun on Valentine's Day, 2005. The following year saw the construction of a dirt-racing track known as the Lovelock Speedway.

Lovelock's heritage buildings include the wooden built Grace Methodist Church on the corner of Cornell Avenue and 8th Street, dating from 1886. It was destroyed by fire in 1922 and the tower was rebuilt without the original spire; in 1983 the church was badly damaged by another fire and was restored again. Marzen House Museum is another Victorian building, built in 1874. The Italianate farmhouse was transported from Big Meadow Ranch in the 1980s and has on its site an assay office, farm machinery sheds, and buildings housing vintage automobiles, while inside it contains 1800s furnishings and a museum, shedding light on the area's history.

The Longhorn Bar beside the tracks on West Broadway is one of the few remaining commercial buildings in typical Nevada style. Not far away is the railroad depot dating from 1880. In 1999 it was presented to the town by the Union Pacific Railroad to be restored and moved to another lot for use as an eatery. This was registered as a historic building in 2004.

The Pershing County Courthouse was built in 1919. Pershing County officials approached Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps, by then the architect of six Nevada courthouses, and asked for a design that would be low in price but distinctive in appearance. As a solution, DeLongchamps designed a round courthouse, patterning it after Thomas Jefferson's library at the University of Virginia campus. The circle-over-hexagon design includes a circular interior hallway and a round courtroom decorated with Corinthian pilasters. A broad, sweeping concrete staircase leads to the main floor of the Beaux-Arts classical structure. Its entrance includes a pedimented portico supported by six Ionic columns. Doric pilasters separate the main story windows. Cream-colored brick and terracotta finish the exterior. A shallow dome crowns the roof and provides the courtroom with a dramatic, soaring ceiling.'

Notable people

 * Alan Bible, lawyer and politician
 * Robert Heizer, archaeologist
 * Joseph Lang, US Boxing team in the Los Angeles (1932) Olympic Games
 * Adrian C. Louis, poet
 * Wayde Preston, actor
 * Edna Purviance, actress
 * Charles H. Russell, Governor of Nevada, 1951-1959
 * Sarah Winnemucca, champion of the Paiute tribe, founded the Peabody Indian School in Lovelock
 * Clarence Clifton Young, lawyer and politician

Songs
Lovelock, with a population never much more than 2000, will generally be noticed only as a town passed on the way to somewhere else. Thus the debut album of the folk-rock band Center Divide, Lovelock to Winnemucca (1999), takes its title from a desert section of the I-80 highway and the opening track, simply titled “Lovelock”, takes its inspiration from the passing landscape. On the other hand, an interrupted journey is the subject of the Hot Buttered Rum string band's "Limbo in Lovelock" (Live in the Northeast 2007), where a motor breakdown leads to an enforced stop in the town and a visit to the local eatery, the Cowpoke Café.

Poetry and fiction
Lovelock has had a poet of its own in Adrian C. Louis, who was brought up on the small reservation for the Lovelock Paiute Indians there. Even after he moved on, its Indian Cemetery was a point of reference for him to which he often returned in memory:
 * I'm at that place I grew up to leave.
 * Alkali-crusted sand waves have drifted against my markers of blood.

Other poems in which the town's name figures record the impressions of passing travellers. They include Shaun T Griffin's broadside, "Rain outside Lovelock, late March” and two titles in the work of Kirk Robertson. "Lovelock to Twin Falls" dwells on abandoned shacks in the desert while “Monday Night, Lovelock” focuses on houses there surrounded by junk.

Stephen Bly's Wild West novel Dangerous Ride Across Humboldt Flats (Crossway Press, 2003) deals with the area along the river before the town was built. In the opening chapters, an orphaned Pony Express rider comes across Trent Lovelock and his family on Humboldt Flats in 1860 and is befriended by them. The author has acknowledged that he had the town's later founder in mind in his fictitious Trent Lovelock.

Another novel, Lovelock, Nevada: an explanation (Booklocker, 2010) by Leslie Hale Roberts, plays another variation on the transient theme, starting with a breakdown in the desert. And a stopover in the town was the subject of Fred Leebron's prize-winning short story “Lovelock”, later adapted into his novel Out West (Doubleday 1996). There an ex-convict staying overnight at a motel picks up a retarded woman and guiltily sees her and her sister off in their car the next morning.

Painting and sculpture
Lovelock's connection with the figurative arts has most often been the result of artists passing through the area and recording something that had caught their eye. One of the earliest such travellers was Thomas Moran, who caught the train south along the recently completed Central Pacific line in 1876 and sketched a thunderstorm over the nearby Humboldt Plain.

For later artists their local work was the result of travelling the country to create a series on a chosen theme. They have included a watercolor in Bethany Lee's 2016 landscapes with a focus on their vegetation, a view in Jessica Joy Jirsa's road sign series from 2018, and a casino restaurant in Jody Litton's continuing series recording the vernacular architecture of California and adjoining states. The landscape photographer John Pfahl also stopped by the town in 1978 to create two works: a shot of the "Lovelock Seed Co." at its southern end and "Lovelock gas station" at the north end.

Other painters were commissioned to create works in the town. Ejnar Hansen was invited by the Federal Art Project to paint a mural in the newly completed post-office building in 1940 and chose the discovery of the Comstock Lode as a local subject. In 1944 the gaming artist Franz Trevors (1907–80) was commissioned to paint six large canvases on Western subjects by a member of the local gambling industry and these were later installed in the casino at Felix's Bank Club on Main Street. For the main part the paintings were based on subjects by Charles Marion Russell but with original details of the artist's own.

Some artists have also chosen to live in Lovelock for a while. Among these was Buck Nimy (1906/11 – 1959), who made black and white drawings of cowboy subjects, some featuring local scenery after he settled in the town about 1940. More recently there has been Maggie Remington, whose speciality is to dig her own pigments from the desert earth to create her abstract designs. Also living there is Don Bridges, who was commissioned to create a memorial for the Emigrant Trail across the Forty-Mile Desert in 2016. Featuring steel reliefs of three oxen and a wagon, it was installed at the 105 freeway exit south of Lovelock, where it was also visible from trains passing nearby.

title: Lovelock, Nevada


text:
Mantorville, Minnesota

Mantorville is a city in Dodge County, Minnesota,  United States. The population was 1,197 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Dodge County. Founded in 1854, the city is one of the oldest in Minnesota.

Mantorville shares a school system with nearby Kasson, Minnesota (the "K–M Komets"). The K–M school system is a member of the Zumbro Education school district (ZED).

Minnesota State Highway 57 serves as a main route in the city.

History
It is known as the source of Mantorville limestone, which found its way into buildings across the United States. The limestone quarried in the area was soft and easily carved when first extracted, but became harder as it endured the elements, making it a long-lasting building material. The historic Hubbell House used the stone in 1856, and it was likewise used in 1865 for the Dodge County Courthouse, designed by E. Townsend Mix and now the oldest working courthouse in Minnesota.

Mantorville is named for Peter and Riley Mantor, brothers who came to the settlement in 1853. The Mantorville Historic District, which covers both sides of Minnesota Highway 57 and 5th Street, was added as a historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,197 people, 430 households, and 331 families residing in the city. The population density was 843.0 PD/sqmi. There were 451 housing units at an average density of 317.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.6% White, 0.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 430 households, of which 41.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.0% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.18.

The median age in the city was 37.8 years. 29.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.4% were from 25 to 44; 27.2% were from 45 to 64; and 10.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,054 people, 371 households, and 286 families residing in the city. The population density was 741.3 PD/sqmi. There were 378 housing units at an average density of 265.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.48% White, 0.57% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 371 households, out of which 45.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 34.5% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $55,735, and the median income for a family was $62,625. Males had a median income of $39,167 versus $29,464 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,853. About 6.2% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
Mantorville is located along the South Branch of the Middle Fork of the Zumbro River, west of Rochester, Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.45 sqmi, of which 1.42 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water.

Notable people

 * Edwin Osgood Grover (1870–1965), educator and publisher, Professor of Books at Rollins College
 * Oliver J. Holtan (1891–1971), Minnesota state legislator, farmer, and businessman

title: Mantorville, Minnesota


text:
Cold Springs, Washoe County, Nevada

Cold Springs is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. It is known as Eitse'ihpaa or Eitse'ippaa (literally "cold water" or "cold spring") in Shoshoni. It is located just off U.S. Route 395 in the northwestern part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area, adjacent to the California state line. The population was 8,544 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Cold Springs is located at 39.67694°N, -119.96778°W (39.676916, -119.967643).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 22.7 sqkm, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,834 people, 1,316 households, and 1,038 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 224.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,382 housing units at an average density of 80.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.6% White, 1.2% African American, 1.2% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 2 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.4% of the population.

There were 1,316 households, out of which 43.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 14.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $54,511, and the median income for a family was $55,930. Males had a median income of $41,425 versus $27,402 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,561. About 4.6% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

In 2004, 17 landowners convinced the Reno City Council to annex several thousand acres of Cold Springs Valley, over the protests of a majority of long-time residents. Developers are planning to build several thousand houses and an industrial park in Cold Springs Valley. The resulting change from a semi-rural environment to a more industrialized, suburban one has some local residents upset.

title: Cold Springs, Washoe County, Nevada


text:
Millerville, Minnesota

Millerville is a city in Douglas County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 100 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.861 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 106 people, 45 households, and 27 families residing in the city. The population density was 123.3 PD/sqmi. There were 49 housing units at an average density of 57.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.1% White and 0.9% from two or more races.

There were 45 households, of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.0% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the city was 40.5 years. 18.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 25.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.2% male and 52.8% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 115 people, 47 households, and 31 families residing in the city. The population density was 131.9 PD/sqmi. There were 54 housing units at an average density of 62.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.39% caucasian American0.87% Native American, and 1.74% from two or more race

There were 47 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,063, and the median income for a family was $38,125. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,322. There were 6.7% of families and 12.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 11.4% of under eighteens and 50.0% of those over 64.

History
A post office called Millerville was in operation from 1869 until 1907. The city was named for John Miller, an early settler.

title: Millerville, Minnesota


text:
Gerlach–Empire, Nevada

Gerlach–Empire was a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. It was replaced by the separate CDPs of Gerlach and Empire for the 2010 census. The combined population was 499 at the 2000 census. A former company town for United States Gypsum Corporation, Empire was once home to more than 750 people. It is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the population lives in the two tiny settlements of Gerlach, a neighboring hamlet with fewer than 200 people that shares its schools with Empire; the rest live on outlying rural ranching properties. The nearest town, Nixon, is 60 miles to the south on a reservation owned by the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP in 2000 had a total area of 94.1 mi2, all land. Its elevation is 3946 ft.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 499 people, 234 households, and 146 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5.3 people per square mile (2.0/km2). There were 297 housing units at an average density of 3.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.18% White, 2.81% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 4.61% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.02% of the population.

There were 234 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 116.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,088, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $36,000 versus $23,056 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,793. About 10.3% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.8% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Gerlach–Empire, Nevada


text:
Incline Village, Nevada

Incline Village is an upscale census-designated place (CDP) on the north shore of Lake Tahoe in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 8,777 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Reno−Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Until the 2010 census, the CDP Crystal Bay, Nevada was counted jointly with Incline Village.

Sierra Nevada University's main campus is located in Incline Village. It has some of the most expensive real estate in the United States.

History
Incline Village was established in 1882 with a post office opening February 7, 1884.

Sierra Nevada Wood and Lumber Company
The Sierra Nevada Wood and Lumber Company (SNW&L) was a logging company that operated on the northeast side of Lake Tahoe at what is today known as Incline Village, which was named after the SNW&L incline railway that served the area. Timber was required for the mines during the mining boom in the late 1800s of the nearby Comstock Lode in Virginia City. The timber around Lake Tahoe was placed on the incline railway where it was taken up 1400 ft and then dropped by a gravity flume down the western side of mountain to a 3000 ft tunnel to Carson City. The company operated a number of other railroad lines that were narrow gauge and standard gauge.

Geography
The town center is 6350 ft above sea level.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 56.3 km2, of which 55.8 km2 is land and 0.5 km2, or 0.97%, is water.

Several creeks cross Incline Village on the way to Crystal Bay in Lake Tahoe. Heading east from Stateline Point, these include First, Second and Third Creeks, then Incline Creek and finally Mill Creek at the eastern end.

Demographics
At the 2010 census, there were 8,777 people, 3,765 households and 2,335 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 408.2 /sqmi. There were 7,667 housing units at an average density of 356.6 /sqmi. The racial make-up of the CDP was 86.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 8.1% some other race and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.8% of the population.

There were 3,765 households, of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were headed by married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 38.0% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.74.

17.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64 and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.7 years. For every 100 females there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.6 males.

Before 2010, the CDP was listed as "Incline Village–Crystal Bay, Nevada" by the U.S. Census Bureau. Crystal Bay, with a population of 305, became its own CDP for the 2010 census.

For the period 2007–2011, the estimated median household income in the CDP was $78,375 and the median family income was $93,831. Males had a median income of $55,693 and females $47,993. The per capita income was $54,787. About 2.8% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

The local newspaper is the Tahoe Daily Tribune which is published on Fridays.

Climate
Incline Village has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with warm to hot summers with cool nights and moderately cold winters with frigid nights.

Education
The area is served by the Washoe County School District. Public schools in the CDP are Incline Elementary, Middle, and High School (public, K–12). The Lake Tahoe School is a private school for grades K–8.

The University of Nevada, Reno at Lake Tahoe, formerly Sierra Nevada University, is located in Incline. Lake Tahoe's only science museum and environmental research laboratories are operated by the UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center in Incline Village.

Incline Village has a public library, a branch of the Washoe County Library.

Tax haven
The town includes businesses and wealthy individuals from California and Southern Nevada. Its state border location facilitates some residents in their registering shell corporations and residences to avoid paying California taxes. A Montara, California, politician faced controversy for reporting Incline as her primary residence for tax purposes while also running for office in California.

Joe Francis, creator of Girls Gone Wild, was registered as a resident in Incline but living in Los Angeles during the time he was found guilty of tax fraud and bribery. Michael DeDomenico, heir of the Rice-A-Roni and Ghirardelli fortune, was charged with evading $1.5 million in taxes to California by falsely claiming residency in Nevada. He owned homes in Verdi and Incline.

Notable residents

 * Lloyd Bryan Molander Adams, director and producer
 * Dale Brown, novelist, former U.S. Air Force pilot
 * Warren Buffett, businessman, owned a home here in the 1980s
 * Stu Cook, former bass guitarist for Creedence Clearwater Revival
 * David Coverdale, founder/lead singer of Whitesnake and former lead singer of Deep Purple
 * Trent Dilfer, former NFL quarterback and football analyst for NFL on Fox
 * David Duffield, chairman of Workday, Inc., former chairman of PeopleSoft
 * Larry Ellison, former CEO of Oracle Corporation.
 * John Force, National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) Championship Funny Car driver
 * Joe Francis, founder of Mantra Films, Inc. aka Girls Gone Wild
 * Brent Jones, former Pro Bowl tight end for the San Francisco 49ers
 * Jerome Lemelson, inventor and philanthropist
 * Mike Love, lead singer of The Beach Boys
 * Michael Milken, financier and philanthropist, pleaded guilty to securities and tax violations
 * Bill Miller, Major League Baseball umpire
 * Charles H. Moore, inventor of the Forth programming language
 * Aaron Rodgers, quarterback for the Green Bay Packers
 * George Seifert, former head coach for the San Francisco 49ers
 * Annika Sörenstam, professional golfer
 * Ken Wilber, author

title: Incline Village, Nevada


text:
Lemmon Valley–Golden Valley, Nevada

Lemmon Valley–Golden Valley is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. For the 2010 census it was replaced by two separate CDPs, Lemmon Valley and Golden Valley. The population of the combined CDP was 6,855 at the 2000 census. The area is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
The Lemmon Valley–Golden Valley CDP was located at 39.66389°N, -119.82694°W (39.663842, -119.826961).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 32.5 sqmi, all land.

It contains the Swan Lake Nature Study Area, a small wetland conservation area home to many bird species.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,855 people, 2,418 households, and 1,886 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 211.2 PD/sqmi. There were 2,507 housing units at an average density of 77.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.42% White, 0.35% African American, 2.38% Native American, 1.18% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 2.38% from other races, and 3.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.92% of the population.

There were 2,418 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.0% were non-families. 15.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $52,861, and the median income for a family was $56,118. Males had a median income of $39,069 versus $29,888 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,820. About 3.6% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lemmon Valley–Golden Valley, Nevada