text:
Osceola, Nebraska

Osceola is a city and the county seat of Polk County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 880 as of the 2010 census.

History
According to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the first settlers of Osceola, which included the families of Reverend James Query and Vinson Perry Davis, arrived in October 1868. Davis is credited with naming the settlement after a city of the same name in Iowa, which had been named after Chief Osceola of the Seminole people. After three years of settlement and disputes over the permanent location, the town itself was organized by frontiersmen William Francis Kimmel and John Hopwood Mickey in the early fall of 1871. It had been decided in an election by a margin of 14 votes, prior to the formation that the "geographic center of the county" was best suited to be the settlement's site. A courthouse was erected the following spring and a general store was founded in May. During the summer, a post office was built, which served as a terminus between the cities of Lincoln and Ulysses. The town's first full year concluded with the establishment of a public school. The following year brought Methodism to the town, and a church for the faith had been completed by 1878. In the succeeding year, Nebraska Wesleyan college was founded in the church, serving 11 students by means of 4 instructors. The school would later move to Fullerton. The Omaha and Republican Valley Railroad, reached the town in 1879 and named a locomotive after the city, however it was ultimately renamed the number "9." Two years following the arrival of the railroad, the settlement was incorporated as a village on August 26, 1881 after accumulating a population of 200 citizens. The city would ultimately reach its peak of 1,200 residents in 1920.

A newspaper titled The Homesteader was established in August 1873. It was renamed the Osceola Record in March 1876, and as of 1995 it is known as the Polk County News. It currently has a circulation of approximately 1,850 subscribers.

The city experienced a drought from 1893–95. During the final stages in 1895, much of the city was burned by a two-hour-long fire that left only two buildings standing.

A sewage plant for the city was constructed in 1958 and expanded in 2007. Hanna Keelan from Lincoln, Nebraska was responsible for the formation of a comprehensive city plan formulated in 1985.

In the city's centennial year of 1971, celebrations were held for the city and twenty years after this, festivities marked the 100th anniversary of St. Mary's Catholic Church just outside town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.92 sqmi, all land.

Using paved roads, Stromsburg and Shelby are tied as the closest cities to Osceola, located approximately 6.8 mi away. Polk, which is in the same county as Osceola is located 19 mi away. Outside of the county, Silver Creek is the closest city, found 11 mi away.

With regard to the largest cities of the state, Osceola is found 49 mi northeast of Grand Island, 76 mi northwest of Lincoln and 90 mi to the west of Omaha.

Climate
Osceola has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), with cold, dry winters and warm, humid summers. Precipitation is highest in the late spring and summer months, with an annual average of 28.79 in. The city's highest recorded temperature was 112 °F in 1954 and the lowest -31 °F in 2021.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 880 people, 365 households, and 229 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.5 PD/sqmi. There were 415 housing units at an average density of 451.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.6% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 365 households, of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.3% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 45.3 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.1% were from 25 to 44; 29.5% were from 45 to 64; and 21% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.8% male and 54.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 921 people, 381 households, and 235 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,036.8 PD/sqmi. There were 417 housing units at an average density of 469.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.57% White, 0.33% Native American, and 0.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.

There were 381 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 26.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.2 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $34,737, and the median income for a family was $46,354. Males had a median income of $33,906 versus $19,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,037. About 5.2% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The economy of Osceola is based upon agriculture. Like most of Polk County, Osceola invests in dairy, cattle and pork production. Seed corn and soybean are among the grains produced by the city.

Osceola's largest employer is the "Annie Jeffrey Memorial County Health Center", which employs 56 individuals overall, 52 of which are female. The largest local employer of males is the Polk County government with 25 male employees.

Roughly $2.33 of tax were paid in the city for every $100.00. The tax rate has steadily decreased from 2005 to 2007. A 1% sales tax is imposed upon the citizens by the city government.

Government
The city government includes a mayor and a city council. City planning is conducted by a five-member commission appointed by the mayor and approved by the city council. They serve for three year terms.

City services include, one fire station located within the city, provided with twenty-five volunteers and twelve Emergency Medical Technicians. The Polk County Sheriff's Department is also found in the city limits and includes seven sworn officers, four part-time officers and five support personnel.

The city of Osceola banned the ownership of certain dog breeds including Staffordshire bull terriers, American Pit Bull Terriers, American Staffordshire terriers, chows, Dobermans, Rottweilers, American Bandog mastiffs and Neapolitan Mastiffs within city limits during the summer of 2008. Citizens were given 48 hours to transfer the dogs from their residence.

Education
Osceola Public Schools operates two schools: Jeffrey Elementary and the Osceola Middle/High School.

Notable people

 * John Archer - actor
 * Stanley K. Hathaway - former Wyoming Governor and U.S. Secretary of the Interior
 * Edwin L. King - Codifier, Nebraska Revised Statutes, 1913
 * John Hopwood Mickey - former Governor of Nebraska
 * Albinus Nance - former Governor of Nebraska
 * Ashton Shallenberger - former Governor of Nebraska

title: Osceola, Nebraska


text:
Polk, Nebraska

Polk is a village in Polk County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 322 at the 2010 census.

History
Polk was platted in 1906 when the railroad was extended to that point.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.49 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 322 people, 152 households and 91 families residing in the village. The population density was 657.1 /sqmi. There were 180 housing units at an average density of 367.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.4% White, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 0.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 152 households, of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.1% were non-families. 38.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age was 49 years. 19.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 32.9% were from 45 to 64; and 22.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 322 people, 152 households and 86 families residing in the village. The population density was 658.4 PD/sqmi. There were 190 housing units at an average density of 388.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.

There were 152 households, of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.8% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.86.

19.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 32.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.

The median household income was $28,056 and the median family income was $38,472. Males had a median income of $26,389 and females $18,500. The per capita income was $15,670. About 4.4% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * John N. Norton, state politician
 * James Wilson, long-distance motorcyclist and author in the 1920s and 30s

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Polk, Nebraska


text:
Shelby, Nebraska

Shelby is a village in Polk County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 714 at the 2010 census. Shelby lies along the north side of U.S. Highway 81 near the eastern edge of Polk County. It is 6 mi east of Osceola, and just 17 mi south and 3 mi west of Columbus. Nebraska's center of population is near Shelby.

History
In 1873, Civil War veteran Horace A. Cowles set up the Cyclone post office in his home one mile east and one mile south of present-day Shelby. In 1879, with the coming of the railroad, a second post office named Arcade was established one mile east of the present site of Shelby. In the winter of 1880, the post office was moved again a mile west to where Shelby is today. Postal authorities objected to the name "Arcade" due to confusion with the town of Arcadia in Valley County. In search of a new name for the settlement, the people chose "Shelby", after the name of an official with the Omaha and Republican Valley Railway (a branch of the Union Pacific). The land which Arcade was established on was owned by Gilbert Van Vorce and Peter Matter. Seeing a need for a trade center in the area, these men gave the railroad company half interest in their property and the town was established. After the railroad retained its 200 ft on each side and closest to the tracks, eight blocks were located on each side parallel to the tracks. The original streets are still present and retain the names of Walnut, Elm, Chestnut, Pine, Cherry, and Oak.

In 1880 the town of Shelby boasted a population of 93 with businesses which included a drug store, hardware store, hotel, boot and shoe shop, livery stable, and physician. J.T. Dunning built the first elevator, located on the south side of the tracks along with the railway depot. The first store, owned by H.C. and Frank Dunning, sold general merchandise. Conrad Thelen and Charles Krumbach opened the first hardware store, which would run for 40 years.

Today Shelby has 690 residents, businesses, programs, community organizations, and a new housing development subdivision. Shelby celebrated its centennial in 1979 and its quasquicentennial in 2004.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.56 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 714 people, 290 households, and 193 families residing in the village. The population density was 1275.0 PD/sqmi. There were 322 housing units at an average density of 575.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.9% White, 0.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 2.0% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 12.2% of the population.

There were 290 households, of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.4% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the village was 40 years. 27.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 690 people, 299 households, and 199 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,268.4 PD/sqmi. There were 323 housing units at an average density of 593.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.55% White, 0.14% African American, 0.29% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.59% of the population.

There were 299 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $36,071, and the median income for a family was $42,434. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $21,979 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,900. About 2.5% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.

Local government
The Village of Shelby is governed by a board of trustees. Municipal officials include a board chairperson and four board members who are elected for a term of four years. Polk County has 14 townships, and is governed by three county commissioners elected by popular vote for four-year terms.

Shelby is a member of the Mid-State Interlocal Communities, together with Stromsburg, Gresham, Benedict, Hampton, Bradshaw, and Polk. Representatives of the member communities meet on a quarterly basis to manage sharing of resources.

Community organizations
Shelby has a Chamber of Commerce.

The Shelby Betterment Corporation, a non-profit organization, was organized in 1987 with 20 stockholders. The corporation has helped finance new business ventures in the community and attract new businesses to it.

Economy
The basic economic activities of Shelby include farming, cattle feeding, hog production and retailing.

Shelby-Rising City Public School District
Shelby-Rising City Public School District was consolidated in 2011. The K-12 building is located in Shelby. The school site includes a new elementary and activity facilities constructed in 2017 and the original building was renovated in 2016. It is served by Educational Service Unit #7, which is headquartered in Columbus and serves seven counties.

Religion
The Methodist Church was the first to be built, ringing its bell to call worshipers in 1883. In 1898 the Catholics completed their first church; the current Catholic church was built in 1930. A new Methodist Church was built in 1951.

Recreation
Shelby has one park approximately five acres in size. Facilities in the park include two ball fields, a roofed shelter for grilling out, a swimming pool, courts for sand volleyball and for tennis/basketball, a playground, and a recreational bike/hike trail.

Annual events
In 1985, Farm Heritage Days was initiated. This was an annual event held on the first weekend in August; it brought large crowds to Shelby for the old tractor and machinery displays, demonstrations, and a parade. The last Farm Heritage Days event was held in the late 90s. Today Shelby has "Shelby Days", a biennial event held over Memorial Day Weekend.

Local media
Around 1926, Dr. John Dunning and his father built radio station KGBY. The station provided entertainment, news, weather, markets and community announcements using local talent. The studio was located above the Buchholz Grocery Store, where the fire station is today. The last owner of the radio station was Ervin Taddiken of Shelby, with a modern broadcast studio for the era. Taddiken sold the rights, privileges and radio broadcasting equipment to Dr. George R. Miller of York, Nebraska, for the purpose of consolidating with KGBZ, in 1931.

Shelby is served by the Polk County News, based in Stromsburg.

Notable people

 * John R. Dunning, nuclear physicist and educator
 * Howard Johansen, American drag racer, Inducted into International Drag Racing Hall of Fame in 1991 & Nebraska Auto Racing Hall of Fame in 2001.
 * Theodore A. Kiesselbach, agronomist and educator
 * Arjay Miller, one of Ford Motor Company's "Whiz Kids", Ford president (1963-1968); fourth dean of Stanford Business School (1969-1979)
 * Gil Savery, journalist
 * Curtis Tomasevicz, 2006 and 2010 U.S. Olympic bobsledder; won a gold medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics
 * Terence Romaine von Duren, artist

title: Shelby, Nebraska


text:
Matchstick puzzle

Matchstick puzzles are rearrangement puzzles in which a number of matchsticks are arranged into shapes or numbers, and the problem to solve is usually formulated as moving a fixed number of matchsticks to achieve some specific other arrangement.

The puzzles may ask the solver to alter some mathematical equation, often with numbers represented as Roman numerals, or Arabic numerals in a seven-segment display typeface. Other puzzles challenge the solver to rearrange a crude matchstick picture.

Some matchstick puzzles require lateral thinking, such as changing a number into a mathematical symbol.

Puzzles may also be set with no starting position, simply challenging the solver to create an arrangement using a number of matches. One example that requires lateral thinking is to form four equilateral triangles from six matches; this can only be done by arranging the matches in a three-dimensional pyramid shape.

title: Matchstick puzzle


text:
Stromsburg, Nebraska

Stromsburg is a city in Polk County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,028 as per the 2020 census.

History

Stromsburg was settled early in Nebraska history. A group of Swedish settlers from the town of Ockelbo arrived in the 1860s after several years in Illinois. This group was led by Lewis Headstrom, who was a real estate agent. Seeing some similarities to their old Swedish homeland the settlers formed what would be called Stromsburg, named after a section of Ockelbo, Sweden. By the 1880s, two brickyards were in operation in the town. Many buildings constructed of ‘native’ brick still stand, including the Viking Center, now a community center that was originally The Opera House; the Cornerstone Bank; two businesses on the east side of the square; and several homes. Brick streets still surround the city square in Stromsburg. A brick Carnegie library was built in Stromsburg in 1918. The downtown area of Stromsburg has a town square in its center. This square forms a park, with lawns and mature trees, where festivals and events are held. In the center of the square is a two-story Swedish style building made of brick with decorative toll painting and the phrase "Välkommen" (Swedish for "Welcome").

Stromsburg was given the title of the “Swede Capital of Nebraska” by Governor Frank B. Morrison in 1966 at the Swedish Festival. The Swedish festival is held in June each year and showcases Stromburg's Swedish heritage.

Stromsburg Public School was established in 1887. It operated until 2002, when the Stromsburg district consolidated with Benedict, Nebraska to form Cross County Community School.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.01 sqmi, all land.

Swedish Festival
Every summer, Stromsburg holds its weekend-long Swedish Festival, a celebration of the town's Swedish heritage. Traditional Swedish foods are prepared and sold in Grandma's Kitchen, and the Stromsburg Public Library hosts events that deal with genealogy and Swedish heritage. Craft shows and live Viking demonstrations are staged.

2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 1,171 people in 457 households, including 310 families, in the city. The population density was 1159.4 PD/sqmi. There were 533 housing units at an average density of 527.7 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 97.3% White, 0.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4%.

Of the 457 households 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.2% were non-families. 29.5% of households were one person and 16.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age was 46.4 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.3% were from 45 to 64; and 27.9% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 1,232 people in 487 households, including 320 families, in the city. The population density was 1,214.2 PD/sqmi. There were 533 housing units at an average density of 525.3 /sqmi. The racial makup of the city was 99.19% White, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. 0.65%. were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 487 households 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 31.8% of households were one person and 19.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.92.

The age distribution was 22.9% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 31.7% 65 or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.

As of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $34,250, and the median family income was $45,250. Males had a median income of $32,132 versus $18,600 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,235. About 4.0% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under the age of 18 and 3.5% of those 65 and older.

Government
Stromsburg is governed by Mayor Ken Everingham and a four-member city council.

Notable people

 * Lynn Boden, professional football player
 * George Flippin MD, doctor and American football player
 * Idael Makeever, poet
 * Charles Henry Morrill, businessman; Morrill County, Nebraska was named after him

title: Stromsburg, Nebraska


text:
British National Formulary

The British National Formulary (BNF) is a United Kingdom (UK) pharmaceutical reference book that contains a wide spectrum of information and advice on prescribing and pharmacology, along with specific facts and details about many medicines available on the UK National Health Service (NHS). Information within the BNF includes indication(s), contraindications, side effects, doses, legal classification, names and prices of available proprietary and generic formulations, and any other notable points. Though it is a national formulary, it nevertheless also includes entries for some medicines which are not available under the NHS, and must be prescribed and/or purchased privately. A symbol clearly denotes such drugs in their entry.

It is used by pharmacists and doctors (both general practitioners (GPs) and generalist hospital practitioners, and by other prescribing healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacy technicians, paramedics, and dentists)); as a reference for correct dosage, indication, interactions and side effects of drugs. It is also used as a reassurance by those administering drugs, for example a nurse on a hospital ward, and even for patients and others seeking an authoritative source of advice on any aspect of pharmacotherapy.

Development
Many individuals and organisations contribute towards the preparation of the BNF. It is authored by Pharmaceutical Press, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's (RPS) knowledge business; and is jointly published by the BMJ (owned by the BMA), and Pharmaceutical Press (owned by the RPS). It is published under the authority of a Joint Formulary Committee (JFC), which comprises pharmacy, medical, nursing, and lay representatives; there are also representatives from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), the UK Health Departments, and a national guideline producer.

Information on drugs is drawn from the manufacturers' product literature, medical and pharmaceutical literature, regulatory authorities and professional bodies. Advice is constructed from clinical literature, and reflects, as far as possible, an evaluation of the evidence from diverse sources. The BNF also takes account of authoritative national guidelines and emerging safety concerns. In addition, the Joint Formulary Committee takes advice on all therapeutic areas from advisers from expert groups; this ensures that the BNF's recommendations are relevant to practice. In September 2016, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK gave NICE accreditation to the processes to produce BNF publications; a further review in 2021 resulted in the successful renewal of accreditation.

History
It was first published in 1949, as the National Formulary, with updated versions appearing every three years until 1976. The fifth version in 1957 saw its name change to The British National Formulary. A new-look version, under the auspices of Owen Wade, was released in 1981. A study in Northern Ireland, looking at prescribing in 1965, reported that the BNF was likely able to serve the requirements of prescribers in general practice, while also achieving a cost saving. By 2003, issue 46 of the BNF contained 3000 interactions or groups of interactions, with about 900 of these marked by a bullet.

Editions
A new edition of the BNF book is published twice-yearly, in March and September. The current edition is 87, which was published in March 2024. It is a tradition that the colour of each new edition is radically different from the previous.

Availability
The BNF is presently available as a book, a website, and mobile applications - the latter for use on smartphones and tablets. The book is available for purchase, and the September edition is distributed to healthcare professionals in the UK at no direct cost to them. NHS workers and healthcare professionals in the HINARI group of developing nations are entitled to free access via MedicinesComplete following registration (requires provision of a name, an address, an email address, and a phone number). Other visitors can subscribe to the BNF on MedicinesComplete. Healthcare organisations can also subscribe to a customisable BNF via their corporate online intranet. In 2017, BNF Publications released applications for offline access to the BNF on iOS and Android devices. Monthly content updates are available, over an internet connection. NICE provides a website providing the content of the BNF to the public, including non-NHS users.

The BNF also includes the Nurse Prescribers' Formulary (NPF) and other NPF content for use by District Nurses and Specialist Community Public Health Nurses (including Health Visitors), who have received training to become nurse prescribers.

Sister publications
The British National Formulary for Children (BNFC) book, first published September 2005, is published yearly, and details the doses and uses of medicines in children from neonates to adolescents.

BNF sections
The British National Formulary is divided into various sections; with the main sections on drugs and preparations being organised by body system.

 * Table of Contents
 * Preface
 * Acknowledgements
 * How BNF publications are constructed
 * How to use the BNF
 * Changes
 * Guidance on prescribing
 * Prescription writing
 * Emergency supply of medicines
 * Controlled drugs and drug dependence
 * Adverse reactions to drugs
 * Guidance on intravenous infusions
 * Medicines optimisation
 * Antimicrobial stewardship
 * Prescribing for children
 * Prescribing in hepatic impairment
 * Prescribing in renal impairment
 * Prescribing in pregnancy
 * Prescribing in breast-feeding
 * Prescribing in palliative care
 * Prescribing for the elderly
 * Drugs and sport
 * Prescribing in dental practice

 * Notes on drugs and preparations
 * 1) Gastro-intestinal system
 * 2) Cardiovascular system
 * 3) Respiratory system
 * 4) Nervous system
 * 5) Infection
 * 6) Endocrine system
 * 7) Genito-urinary system
 * 8) Malignant disease
 * 9) Blood and nutrition
 * 10) Musculoskeletal system
 * 11) Eye
 * 12) Ear, nose, and oropharynx
 * 13) Skin
 * 14) Vaccines
 * 15) Anaesthesia
 * 16) Emergency treatment of poisoning

 * Appendices and indices
 * Appendix 1 Interactions
 * Appendix 2 Borderline substances
 * Appendix 3 Cautionary and advisory labels for dispensed medicines
 * Appendix 4 Wound management products and elasticated garments
 * Dental Practitioners' Formulary
 * Nurse Prescribers' Formulary
 * Non-medical prescribing
 * Index of proprietary manufacturers
 * Special-order manufacturers

title: British National Formulary


text:
Bartley, Nebraska

Bartley is a village in Red Willow County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 270 at the 2020 census.

History
Bartley was platted in 1886 when the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Rev. Allen Bartley, the original owner of the town site.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.70 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
At the 2010 census, there were 283 people, 126 households and 87 families residing in the village. The population density was 404.3 /sqmi. There were 156 housing units at an average density of 222.9 /sqmi. The racial make-up of the village was 98.2% White, 0.7% Native American, 0.7% from other races and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 126 households, of which 23.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present and 31.0% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.66.

The median age was 47.4 years. 18.7% of residents were under the age of 18, 10.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 16.8% were from 25 to 44, 28.6% were from 45 to 64 and 25.4% were 65 years of age or older. The sex make-up of the village was 45.6% male and 54.4% female.

2000 census
Atf the 2000 census, there were 355 people, 146 households and 107 families residing in the village. The population density was 511.3 /sqmi. There were 157 housing units at an average density of 226.1 /sqmi. The racial make-up of the village was 97.75% White, 1.13% from other races and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.54% of the population.

There were 146 households, of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 26.7% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.92.

26.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64 and 20.0% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median household income was $31,111 and the median family income was $36,406. Males had a median income of $27,917 and females $22,143. The per capita income was $14,824. About 6.9% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Bartley, Nebraska


text:
Danbury, Nebraska

Danbury is a village in Red Willow County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 101 at the 2010 census.

History
A post office at Danbury was established in 1888. It was named after Danbury, Connecticut, the former hometown of the first postmaster. Danbury was incorporated as a village in 1898.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.32 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 101 people, 50 households, and 31 families residing in the village. The population density was 315.6 PD/sqmi. There were 61 housing units at an average density of 190.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.0% White and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 50 households, of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.65.

The median age in the village was 48.3 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 30.6% were from 45 to 64; and 23.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 127 people, 54 households, and 38 families residing in the village. The population density was 378.7 PD/sqmi. There were 60 housing units at an average density of 178.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 54 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the village, the population spread was 25.2% of the population under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $44,583. Males had a median income of $24,464 versus $18,958 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,512. There were 4.9% of families and 8.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 19.0% of those over 64.

title: Danbury, Nebraska


text:
Indianola, Nebraska

Indianola is a village in Red Willow County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 584 at the 2010 census.

History
Indianola was platted in 1873. The community was named after Indianola, Iowa, the former hometown of an early settler. In its early days, Indianola was the county seat of Red Willow County. After the railroad opted to locate its midpoint terminal on the Omaha to Denver route in McCook rather than in Indianola, the seat was moved there and Indianola declined.

Located in the City Park of Indianola is the grave of a Pawnee woman who died of wounds received at the battle between the Sioux and Pawnee tribes at Massacre Canyon, just east of Trenton. The woman was originally buried northwest of town on a bluff overlooking Coon Creek. In the 1970s, it became obvious that erosion would eventually destroy her gravesite, and in 1975 she was reburied in the park, with representatives of the Pawnee tribe participating in the ceremony.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.25 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 584 people, 256 households, and 160 families residing in the city. The population density was 467.2 PD/sqmi. There were 295 housing units at an average density of 236.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White, 0.3% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 256 households, of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.5% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the city was 42.8 years. 24.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.7% were from 25 to 44; 32% were from 45 to 64; and 15.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 642 people, 275 households, and 183 families residing in the city. The population density was 514.9 PD/sqmi. There were 325 housing units at an average density of 260.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.66% White, 0.93% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.62% from other races, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.40% of the population.

There were 275 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $27,344, and the median income for a family was $35,469. Males had a median income of $27,750 versus $16,094 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,774. About 9.0% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Indianola, Nebraska


text:
Lebanon, Nebraska

Lebanon is a village in Red Willow County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 80 at the 2010 census.

History
Lebanon was platted in 1887 when the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad was extended to that point. Its name commemorates the Cedars of Lebanon.

In April 1955 Charles Harris, a delegate chosen by the Mayor of Lebanon, was part of a delegation of forty mayors of American cities called "Lebanon" which was invited to the Middle East by the government of the country Lebanon. The mayor of Lebanon in 1955 was Chester Keith, who couldn't go due to his age. When visiting Jerusalem, then partitioned between Israel and Jordan, Harris accidentally crossed the border and was shot to death by a Jordanian soldier. At the time, his death sparked a major international incident, with the UN launching an investigation, Israel and Jordan each putting the blame on the other.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.16 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 80 people, 33 households, and 21 families residing in the village. The population density was 500.0 PD/sqmi. There were 50 housing units at an average density of 312.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.0% White.

There were 33 households, of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the village was 36.5 years. 26.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.1% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 56.3% male and 43.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 70 people, 34 households, and 21 families residing in the village. The population density was 436.5 PD/sqmi. There were 48 housing units at an average density of 299.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.

There were 34 households, out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, and 35.3% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.59.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 27.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $19,688, and the median income for a family was $30,833. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $8,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,406. There were 16.7% of families and 25.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 55.0% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Lebanon, Nebraska


text:
McCook, Nebraska

McCook is a city in and the county seat of Red Willow County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 7,446 at the 2020 census.

History
McCook was platted in 1882 when the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad was extended to that point. It was named in honor of Alexander McDowell McCook, a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 7,446 people, 3,328 households, and 1,733 families in McCook. The population density was 1,363.7 per square mile (526.6/km$2$). There were 3,911 housing units at an average density of 716.3 per square mile (276.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.26% (6,721) white, 0.54% (40) black or African-American, 0.43% (32) Native American, 0.43% (32) Asian, 0.16% (12) Pacific Islander, 3.57% (266) from other races, and 4.61% (343) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.0% (289) of the population.

Of the 3,328 households, 18.6% had children under the age of 18; 40.2% were married couples living together; 31.7% had a female householder with no husband present. 41.9% of households consisted of individuals and 20.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.1.

22.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 89.6 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $44,961 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,970) and the median family income $63,060 (+/- $9,769). Males had a median income of $32,135 (+/- $8,325) versus $23,056 (+/- $5,565) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $26,273 (+/- $3,550). Approximately, 3.1% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under the age of 18 and 2.8% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,698 people, 3,324 households, and 2,021 families living in the city. The population density was 1428.2 PD/sqmi. There were 3,717 housing units at an average density of 689.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.8% White, 0.5% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 1.5% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.9% of the population.

There were 3,324 households, of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.2% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 40.7 years. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,994 people, 3,371 households, and 2,154 families living in the city. The population density was 1,485.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,754 housing units at an average density of 697.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.37% White, 0.18% African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.91% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.53% of the population. The population was 7,410 in 2009.

There were 3,371 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $31,105, and the median income for a family was $40,455. Males had a median income of $28,065 versus $18,516 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,691. About 7.9% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.39 sqmi, all land.

Climate
McCook's climate is formally classified as hot-summer humid continental. Due to the very hot and humid summers typical of the Midwest and the January daily mean averaging around -3 C it has a little bit of influence of the subtropical climates to the south, although winter nights are way too severe for subtropical plants to thrive. Winters are generally cold and dry and summers hot and humid. Precipitation is concentrated in spring and summer, accumulating to an annual normal of 22.53 in, the majority of which occurs from May through August. Snowfall is generally light, with a normal of 28.8 in per season, and generally occurs from November through April.

Record temperatures range from −30 F on January 12, 1912, up to 115 F on June 26, 2012; the record cold maximum is −4 F on December 22, 1990 and December 22–23, 1989, while, conversely the record warm minimum is 88 F on August 1, 1935. More typically, however, there is an average of 5.4 days annually with a maximum at or above 100 F, 45 days annually with a maximum at or above 90 F, 28 days annually where the maximum stays at or below freezing, and 8.6 days annually with a minimum at or below 0 F.

Culture
The Harvey P. Sutton House at 602 Norris Avenue was designed by influential architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1905–1907 and built 1907–1908. The classic Prairie-style house is listed in the National Register of Historic Places; it is the only Wright house known to have been built in Nebraska. The house is used as a private residence, and is not open to the public.

McCook Army Airfield, active from 1943 through 1945, was located nine miles northwest of McCook.

McCook hosted a professional baseball team, the McCook Braves, who played in the Nebraska State League from 1956 to 1959. In their final season in 1959, the club featured future Baseball Hall of Famer Phil Niekro and won the NSL championship; both the Braves and the league folded at season's end. Another pitcher on the team, Pat Jordan, later became a writer for the Sporting News, and wrote an autobiography dealing with his career with the Braves, A False Spring.

McCook is home to the first two-year junior college in Nebraska. McCook Junior College was founded in September 1926 on the second floor of the YMCA building on Main Street. The name was eventually changed to McCook Community College and was governed over the Mid-Plains Area.

The McCook Economic Development Corporation works “To facilitate the formation, retention, attraction, and expansion of businesses in McCook and the surrounding area.”

McCook restaurant, Sehnert's Bakery & Bieroc Cafe, is a James Beard America’s Classic Award Winner. They are the only restaurant to win this award in the whole state of Nebraska.

Events
Heritage Days is an annual event held the last full weekend in September. This event has been happening since 1971. It is the town’s largest celebration. This event includes the Heritage Day Parade, a road race, entertainment from the high schoolers, and vendors on the street.

Red Willow County Fair is a five day fair held in July. This is the fair for the whole county. It includes games, rides, concerts, tractor rides, a rodeo, and food from local families and businesses.

Crazy Days is an annual weekend event to celebrate the local businesses. It includes crazy days sales in the stores, costume contests, and a car show. On the Friday night of this weekend, the people of this small town bring out their old and fancy cars and cruise up and down the main street in town, West B St. and Norris Ave.

McCook hosts the Buffalo Commons Storytelling Festival each summer.

Parks and recreation
McCook is home to Heritage Hills Golf Course. The 18-hole par-72 championship golf course was designed by Bradford Benz, ASGCA, and Richard M. Phelps, ASGCA, and opened in 1981. The links style course plays over 7,100 yards from the back tees. Heritage Hills was included in Golf Digest's Best 75 Golf Course's in 1984 and Golf Digest's Top 100 Toughest Public Course's in 1986. Heritage Hills underwent a major renovation for upgrades and modernization in 2013.

Government
McCook has a council-manager style government. Five council members are elected at large; the five elect one of their number as mayor, and a second as vice president. As of 2015, council members are Mayor Mike Gonzales, Vice-President Janet Hepp, Jerry Calvin, Bruce McDowell, and Gene Weedin.

The city government operates through eight departments and offices: Administration, Building and Zoning, Fire, Library, Police, Public Works, Senior Center, and Utilities. Advisory boards and commissions, both those required by law and those created for specific purposes, are appointed by the council; as of 2015, there were fourteen such boards and commissions.

Highway
McCook sits on 3 important US Highway routes. The north-south road is U.S. Route 83 which travels north 14.5 miles from the Kansas border to South Dakota via North Platte (where it meets Interstate 80 and Valentine. US6 and US34 are cosigned through McCook travelling east-west. U.S. Route 34 serves as a connection to Colorado and Denver to the West and is a key in state link to Lincoln via a number of other mid-sized Nebraska cities such as Holdrege, Hastings, Grand Island, and Seward. U.S. Route 6 traveling west splits from US34 15 miles out of town and heads Northwest to Colorado. Traveling east it splits from US34 at Hastings and is an alternate route for I-80 to Omaha and Lincoln.

Rail
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service through McCook, operating its California Zephyr daily in both directions between Chicago and Emeryville (Oakland), California, with stops in Omaha, Lincoln, and Hastings. The service stops at McCook station.

Air
Commuter airline Denver Air Connection is currently serving the McCook Regional Airport with daily nonstop round trip commercial flights to Denver, Colorado.

Newspapers
The McCook Daily Gazette is the city's newspaper, published five days a week. In 1929, the newspaper became one of the first in the world to be delivered regularly by air: for several months its airplane, named the Newsboy, flew a daily route, dropping bundles of newspapers to carriers in outlying towns.

Notable people
Three governors of Nebraska made their homes in McCook: Ralph G. Brooks, Frank Morrison, and Ben Nelson, who represented Nebraska in the U.S. Senate for two terms, from 2000 to 2012. Frank B. Morrison Jr., Montana Supreme Court justice and son of Frank Morrison, was born in McCook.

Former professional football player Jeff Kinney is a 1968 graduate of McCook High School.

TV evangelist Bob Larson was raised in McCook.

John R. McCarl, the first Comptroller General of the United States, was raised in McCook. He is also buried there.

George W. Norris, who held seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate from 1903 to 1943, was a resident of McCook. Norris was the driving force behind the conversion of Nebraska's legislature to a unicameral system; in the Senate, he was a leading figure behind the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority. His house in McCook is operated as a museum by the Nebraska State Historical Society, and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Originally named Main, the principal north–south thoroughfare through central McCook was renamed Norris Avenue in his honor.

Tornado History
On May 17th, 2019, a large EF2 tornado tore through parts of McCook, Nebraska. It had destroyed a farm house (which belonged to Don Roberts), tearing off the roof and completely demolishing the garage. The storm formed around 4:30 p.m. Central Time and quickly developed into a large, wedge tornado. The tornado boasted 0 fatalities and 0 injuries/severe injuries. The storm is also called the Perry EF2, due to it (?) originally forming in Perry, Nebraska.

title: McCook, Nebraska


text:
Barada, Nebraska

Barada (pronounced as Bear uh duh) is a village in northeast Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 20 at the 2020 census.

History
First settled in the 1850s, Barada was not incorporated as a village until 1927. The village was named in honor of the mid-19th-century folk hero Antonine Barada, who ran a trading post within the former Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.09 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 24 people, 12 households, and 6 families residing in the village. The population density was 266.7 PD/sqmi. There were 14 housing units at an average density of 155.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.0% White.

There were 12 households, of which 16.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, and 50.0% were non-families. 41.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age in the village was 55.7 years. 12.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.9% were from 25 to 44; 54.2% were from 45 to 64; and 8.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 62.5% male and 37.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 11 households, and 5 families residing in the village. The population density was 296.3 PD/sqmi. There were 13 housing units at an average density of 137.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.

There were 11 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, and 45.5% were non-families. 45.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.67.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 17.9% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 154.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 144.4 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $21,250, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,716. There were no families and 8.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 50.0% of those over 64.

Education
Barada is divided between Falls City Public Schools and Humboldt Table Rock Steinauer Public Schools.

Barada was previously in Southeast Nebraska Consolidated Schools. On January 1, 2009, it merged into the Humboldt Table Rock Steinauer School District.

title: Barada, Nebraska


text:
Dawson, Nebraska

Dawson is a village in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 148 at the 2020 census.

History
Dawson was originally known as Noraville, and under the latter name was platted in 1872 when the Atchison and Nebraska Railroad was extended to that point. The name Noraville caused considerable strife among the town's residents, who insisted on calling their town Dawson, after Joshua Dawson, an early settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.21 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 146 people, 68 households, and 44 families living in the village. The population density was 695.2 PD/sqmi. There were 89 housing units at an average density of 423.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 68 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.59.

The median age in the village was 52 years. 16.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.2% were from 25 to 44; 37% were from 45 to 64; and 21.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 54.1% male and 45.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 209 people, 84 households, and 56 families living in the village. The population density was 976.9 PD/sqmi. There were 92 housing units at an average density of 430.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.56% White, 0.48% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.91% of the population.

There were 84 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $25,781 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,415. None of the families and 3.2% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 15.4% of those over 64.

Education
Its school district is Humboldt Table Rock Steinauer Public Schools.

Dawson-Verdon Public Schools was its school district until 2004.

title: Dawson, Nebraska


text:
Falls City, Nebraska

Falls City is a city in and the county seat of Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 4,133 at the 2020 census, down from 4,325 in 2010 and 4,671 in 2000.

History
Falls City was founded in the summer of 1857 by James Lane, John Burbank, J. E. Burbank, and Isaac L. Hamby. The men were all Abolitionists and the city was established as a station on the Underground Railroad on a section referred to as the Lane Trail.

The town is located on the north side of the Big Nemaha River, in the southeast corner of the state. The river in 1857 had banks and bed of rock and stone. The town was located near where the river flowed over a 4 feet rock ledge called the "Falls of Nemaha", for which the town was named. Over time the river has changed to the extent that the falls no longer exist.

The town was a stop on the Underground Railroad for escaping slaves during the struggles resulting from the Kansas–Nebraska Act. Early in the city's history, it won a prolonged process to become the county seat of Richardson County. The county originally selected Salem, Nebraska to be the county seat, but due to Salem's lack of a suitable building site, a new election was held which Falls City tied in the vote. Finally in a third election in 1860, Falls City was declared the permanent site of the county seat.

Falls City grew in the late 19th century due to the arrival of the Atchison & Nebraska Railroad in 1871 and the Missouri Pacific in 1882, for which Falls City was designated as a division point in 1909. The population of the city peaked at 6,200 citizens in 1950.

In the summer of 1966, Braniff Airlines Flight 250 crashed near Falls City due to bad weather, killing all 42 on board. The BAC One-Eleven aircraft was on the Kansas City to Omaha leg of a multi-stop flight from New Orleans to Minneapolis on Saturday night, August 6.

In 1993, Brandon Teena, a trans man who had recently arrived in Falls City, was murdered by two acquaintances who, upon discovering that he had been assigned female at birth, had beaten and raped him about a week previously. Brandon had reported the rape to the police, but the Richardson County sheriff had failed to take steps to protect him; in particular, he had not arrested the two alleged rapists. Learning that the rape had been reported, the two tracked Brandon to a farmhouse near Humboldt, where they killed him and two others. Brandon's mother subsequently sued the sheriff and the county for negligence, wrongful death, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Briefs were filed in the case by thirty-four civil-rights groups, including the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund; the matter eventually came before the Nebraska Supreme Court, which found the county negligent in failing to protect Brandon. The episode was dramatized in a 1999 film titled Boys Don't Cry; actor Hilary Swank received an Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Brandon.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.06 sqmi, of which 3.05 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

Major highways
The major highways through the city are U.S. Highway 73 running north and south through the city, U.S. Highway 159  running east toward the Rulo bridge (and connecting to the state of Missouri), and Nebraska Highway 8  running west toward Salem, Nebraska and continuing along the southern border of Nebraska. Other state highways provide connections between smaller towns in Richardson County, Nebraska.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Falls City is categorized as having a hot summer humid continental climate (Dfa).

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,325 people, 1,931 households, and 1,127 families living in the city. The population density was 1418.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,190 housing units at an average density of 718.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.1% White, 0.3% African American, 3.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 1,931 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.6% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was 44.4 years. 23.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.2% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 23.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,671 people, 2,008 households, and 1,218 families living in the city. The population density was 1,784.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,271 housing units at an average density of 867.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.20% White, 0.13% African American, 2.33% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population.

There were 2,008 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 24.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.

As of 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $26,773, and the median income for a family was $40,523. Males had a median income of $26,908 versus $17,482 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,254. About 5.1% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
In 2013, police recruits have training at the Nebraska Law Enforcement Training Center, which includes LGBT sensitivity training, of which The Brandon Teena Story is a part.

Education

Falls City's public school system is Falls City Public Schools. It consists of two elementary schools, a junior high school, and Falls City High School. Sacred Heart School, a Catholic institution, offers K–12 education.

Culture
In 2013, Randy Houser, the sheriff, argued that the area form of conservatism is "mind your own business, live your own life".

Religion
In 1997, Catholicism was the largest variant of Christianity in Falls City.

Notable people

 * Charlie Abbey, baseball player
 * David Abbot, magician and debunker
 * Jim Bethke, baseball player
 * Gil Dodds, American and world indoor record holder for the mile run in the 1940s, Sullivan Award recipient in 1943.
 * Elmer "Skip" Dundy, showman and promoter, helped create many world's fair attractions
 * Pee Wee Erwin, jazz musician
 * John Philip Falter, illustrator, Saturday Evening Post
 * Lloyd Hahn, Olympic runner
 * Dave Heineman, 39th governor of Nebraska
 * Patricia McGerr, American crime writer
 * John H. Morehead, 17th governor of Nebraska
 * Patricia S. Morehead, Nebraska state legislator and teacher
 * C. Frank Reavis, U.S. Representative for Nebraska
 * Arthur J. Weaver, 22nd governor of Nebraska
 * David Wiltse, mystery novelist and playwright

title: Falls City, Nebraska


text:
Humboldt, Nebraska

Humboldt is a city in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 800 at the 2020 census.

History

Humboldt was platted in 1868. It was named after Humboldt, Tennessee, where an early settler had stayed while fighting in the Civil War.

In December 1993, Humboldt was the site of a triple murder, including the rape and murder of Brandon Teena, a transgender man.

Three Ball Charlie, pictured on the cover of The Rolling Stones' album Exile on Main St., grew up in Humboldt.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.33 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 877 people, 385 households, and 213 families living in the city. The population density was 659.4 PD/sqmi. There were 470 housing units at an average density of 353.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.1% White, 0.5% African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.2% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 385 households, of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.7% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.87.

The median age in the city was 48.6 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 28.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 941 people, 427 households, and 239 families living in the city. The population density was 703.5 PD/sqmi. There were 508 housing units at an average density of 379.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.17% White, 0.64% African American, 2.02% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.81% of the population.

There were 427 households, out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.0% were non-families. 40.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 20.2% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 32.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $27,672, and the median income for a family was $37,692. Males had a median income of $25,650 versus $20,909 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,968. About 8.7% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Humboldt is served by Humboldt Table Rock Steinauer School District #70.

Notable people

 * Morris N. Hughes Jr., ambassador
 * Guy Hartsel Hummel, farmer and political figure
 * Don Ingalls, screenwriter and TV producer
 * Richard S. Molony, U.S. representative
 * F. W. Sweeney, college football player, coach, and railroad executive
 * Brandon Teena, an American trans man, was raped and murdered in Humboldt. His death led to increased lobbying for hate crime laws in the United States.
 * Eugene A. Tucker, attorney and politician

title: Humboldt, Nebraska


text:
Preston, Nebraska

Preston is a village in Richardson County in Southeastern Nebraska, United States. It is located within the Sac and Fox Reservation. The population was 19 at the 2020 census.

History
The Sac Post Office, established in 1874, was named for the Sac and Fox Indian tribes that live in this area. The offspring of mixed marriages (primarily progeny of early French trappers and adventurers) were given land on the Half-Breed Tract. Some of their descendants still live there, while others sold their land and moved on.

Preston was platted in 1878 when the Atchison & Nebraska Railroad was extended to that point. In February 1880 Philip R. Shelly, the town's founder, built a store and applied for a post office. However, the postal authorities rejected the proposed name of "Blufton", since there was another one in Sherman County. James Eatough, who worked for Shelly, had come from Preston, England, so he suggested that name. On June 23, 1881, "Preston" was accepted by both post office and railroad. The town was then platted on a total of approximately 40 acres in 1881 by Shelly from a point running along the railroad tracks, where a siding was available, to the south. An elevator and a depot were built along the tracks for commerce and travelers. A. D. McAlpine, a telegraph operator from Canada, was the first railroad station agent.

Shelly was the first postmaster. He built one of the general stores and a drugstore, ran the saloon, and owned a livery stable. In addition, he bought and sold cattle and hogs, shipping them to markets in St. Joseph (MO), Kansas City (KS), and Chicago (IL). On Monday and Tuesday nights, the rail yards were busy as men loaded two or three carloads of livestock. The town had a bank, three general stores, two barber shops, two drug stores, two livery stables, two blacksmiths, and two hotels. One of the two harness shops employed six girls to make fly nets for horses.

Preston's first one-room school served the community until 1889, when a larger schoolhouse was built. The grounds were fenced with four-foot woven wire to keep animals out. In the 1920s, several other districts consolidated with Preston and operated a three-year high school.

Preston's peak came in 1890 with a population of 150. The people of Preston represented a wide variety of occupations and avocations. Each helped the town to grow through their business and patronage. It was a center for farmers to market their produce as well as to buy needed supplies. The two two-story hotels provided traveling men a place to stay overnight while selling their wares to the local merchants. The proprietor who ran the business at the Central Hotel couldn't read or write, so he made an "X" whenever his written approval was needed.

Residents and visitors enjoyed a variety of entertainment. There was a dance floor above the bank, which also served as a community opera house. Programs ranged from skits and readings, to debates on pertinent topics. "Medicine shows" were also held here. The local school provided a place for public events such as political debates at Third and Russell Streets. Preston's post office was on Iowa Street not far from the railroad depot and the German Evangelical Church was further south at Third and Iowa Streets. The Bethel Dunkard Society held services at the schoolhouse in German.

The infamous cyclone of May 17, 1896, nearly destroyed Preston (and severely damaged much of southeast Richardson County and northeast Kansas, including several fatalities). Almost every building in town was blown away, or needed repairs. Fires also took their toll including when the Shelly & Rieger general store burned in 1891 and in 1903 when the harness shop caught fire and burned most of the block, including four or five businesses and the Lindell Hotel. Residents could take the train to Falls City for 17 cents and this mode of transportation, both in convenience and low cost, further added to Preston's decline since people could travel more easily to "the big city" of Falls City.

After the cyclone and then the fires, the town started to "dismantle." The Central Hotel and Farmers National Bank were torn down and moved to Falls City. When the automobile became popular, people drove to Falls City to get whatever was needed. Local stores could not compete, so one-by-one they all closed.

In 1928, Preston's elementary school still operated, but the community held its last high school class that year.

Shelly's General Store, then owned by Ryan (or Bryon) Shelly, operated as late as 1933 and in 1928 it was twice victimized by burglars during a rash of burglaries of small stores across the county.

By 1969 the only thing left was the post office, the elementary school, and a voting hall. The post office was made a rural branch in 1974 and the elementary school merged with Falls City. The depot closed in 1953, although coal trains continue to rumble along the north side of town on a regular schedule.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.06 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 28 people, 13 households, and 9 families residing in the village. The population density was 466.7 PD/sqmi. There were 14 housing units at an average density of 233.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 82.1% White, 14.3% Native American, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.6% of the population.

There were 13 households, of which 15.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.8% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.56.

The median age in the village was 50.5 years. 10.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 42.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 60.7% male and 39.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 50 people, 15 households, and 13 families residing in the village. The population density was 798.5 PD/sqmi. There were 16 housing units at an average density of 255.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 78.00% White, 16.00% Native American, 6.00% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.00% of the population.

There were 15 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.3% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.54.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 38.0% under the age of 18, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 14.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.4 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $40,625, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $11,563 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $10,009. There were 8.3% of families and 15.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 16.7% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
It is in Falls City Public Schools.

title: Preston, Nebraska


text:
Rulo, Nebraska

Rulo is a village in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 144 at the 2020 census.

History
Rulo was laid out in 1857. It was named for Charlie Rouleau, the original owner of the town site.

In 1933, the foundation for the Rulo Bridge, a toll bridge across the Missouri River, was laid. The owner of the bridge was originally John Mullen from Falls City, together with a group of investors, the "Kansas City Bridge Company". Construction of the bridge began in 1938, after the Works Progress Administration decided to finance half the cost. The bridge was finished in 1939.

During the early 1980s, a small group of Christian Identity survivalists, led by Michael W. Ryan, began living in a religious cult located on a farm two miles north of Rulo, along the Missouri River. The farm was converted into a compound and the members of the cult would commit thefts throughout the Nebraska-Missouri-Kansas area. The stolen property would be sold in order to buy weapons and survival equipment for the group. Ryan was ultimately convicted and sentenced to death after the Nebraska State Patrol discovered that he was responsible for the torture murders of a 26-year-old cult member and a five-year-old boy. Ryan died of natural causes in prison in 2015.

In 2013, a new bridge carrying U.S. Highway 159 across the Missouri River was opened. The 1939 bridge, deemed too narrow for semi-trailers and farm machinery, was demolished in 2014.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 172 people, 85 households, and 43 families residing in the village. The population density was 273.0 PD/sqmi. There were 116 housing units at an average density of 184.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 70.9% White, 23.8% Native American, 0.6% Pacific Islander, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 85 households, of which 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.4% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.63.

The median age in the village was 48 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.6% were from 25 to 44; 34.4% were from 45 to 64; and 21.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 226 people, 97 households, and 62 families residing in the village. The population density was 359.9 PD/sqmi. There were 132 housing units at an average density of 210.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 75.66% White, 23.45% Native American, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44% of the population. In 2006 the population by the United States Census Bureau estimated at 197 [2], a decrease of 29 (-12.8%). The average age was 39.2 years in 2010.

There were 97 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in Rulo was 39 years. 24.8% of the residents were under the age of 18; 6.6% were between 18 and 24 years old; 23.9% were aged between 25 and 44; 27.4% from 45 to 64; and 17.3% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $21,719, and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had a median income of $20,357 versus $17,292 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,971. About 20.0% of families and 28.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 52.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 20.4% of those 65 or over.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.63 sqmi, all land.

Education
It is in Falls City Public Schools.

title: Rulo, Nebraska


text:
Salem, Nebraska

Salem is a village in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 84 at the 2020 census.

History
Salem was laid out in 1855. Salem is derived from the Hebrew word shalom, meaning "peace". It was incorporated as a city in 1856.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.62 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 112 people, 52 households, and 28 families residing in the village. The population density was 180.6 PD/sqmi. There were 73 housing units at an average density of 117.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.1% White and 0.9% Native American.

There were 52 households, of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the village was 49.8 years. 17.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 33% were from 45 to 64; and 23.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.1% male and 50.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 138 people, 65 households, and 39 families residing in the village. The population density was 221.6 PD/sqmi. There were 79 housing units at an average density of 126.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.38% White, 0.72% African American, 0.72% Native American, 0.72% from other races, and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.45% of the population.

There were 65 households, out of which 18.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $28,500, and the median income for a family was $36,875. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $19,792 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,325. There were 7.1% of families and 13.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 3.8% of under eighteens and 5.0% of those over 64.

Education
It is in Falls City Public Schools.

Notable person

 * Tacy Atkinson, Christian missionary, was born in Salem.

title: Salem, Nebraska


text:
Shubert, Nebraska

Shubert is a village in Richardson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 163 at the 2020 census.

History
Shubert was platted in 1883. The village was named for Henry W. Shubert, a pioneer settler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.21 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 150 people, 73 households, and 48 families residing in the village. The population density was 714.3 PD/sqmi. There were 103 housing units at an average density of 490.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.7% White, 0.7% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

There were 73 households, of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.2% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.52.

The median age in the village was 48.3 years. 18% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.4% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 19.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50.7% male and 49.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 252 people, 100 households, and 64 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,204.9 PD/sqmi. There were 110 housing units at an average density of 525.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.22% White, 1.19% Native American, 0.79% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.78% of the population.

There were 100 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.7% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $25,417, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had a median income of $25,455 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,505. About 7.2% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.8% of those 65 or over.

Education
Its school district is Humboldt Table Rock Steinauer Public Schools.

Shubert was previously in Southeast Nebraska Consolidated Schools. On January 1, 2009, it merged into the Humboldt Table Rock Steinauer School District.

title: Shubert, Nebraska