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Hopkinsville, Kentucky

Hopkinsville is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Christian County, Kentucky, United States. The population at the 2020 census was 31,180.

Early years
The area of present-day Hopkinsville was initially claimed in 1796 by Bartholomew Wood as part of a 1200 acre grant for his service in the American Revolution. He and his wife Martha Ann moved from Jonesborough, Tennessee, first to a cabin near present-day W. Seventh and Bethel streets; then to a second cabin near present-day 9th and Virginia streets; and finally to a third home near 14th and Campbell.

Following the creation of Christian County the same year, the Woods donated 5 acre of land and a half interest in their Old Rock Spring to form its seat of government in 1797. By 1798, a log courthouse, jail, and "stray pen" had been built; the next year, John Campbell and Samuel Means laid out the streets for "Christian Court House". The community tried to rename itself "Elizabeth" after the Woods' eldest daughter, but Elizabethtown, Kentucky pre-ëmpted the name, and the Kentucky Assembly established the town in 1804 as "Hopkinsville" after veteran and state representative Samuel Hopkins of Henderson County (later the namesake of Hopkins County as well and despite being in a neighboring county and having the same namesake, Hopkinsville was never the county seat of Hopkins County, despite Hopkins County being created from Christian and Henderson Counties).

Along with the rest of Kentucky, the town was late in establishing free lower education, but natives organized private schools, and the town was the home of South Kentucky College (est. 1849) and Bethel Female College (est. 1854).

Since 1854, Hopkinsville has been the site of the Western Kentucky Lunatic Asylum.

Civil War
The Civil War generated major divisions in Christian County. Confederate support in Hopkinsville and Christian County was evident in the formation of the "Oak Grove Rangers" and the 28th Kentucky Cavalry. Christian County was the actual birthplace of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America, though his birthplace is now part of Todd County, Kentucky. Several local businessmen and plantation owners contributed money and war supplies to the South. After Confederate forces retreated to Tennessee, however, Camp Joe Anderson was established by the Union to the northwest of Hopkinsville in 1862. Men who trained there became members of the 35th Kentucky Cavalry, the 25th Kentucky Infantry, and the 35th Kentucky Infantry. Gen. James S. Jackson had been a Hopkinsville attorney before the war and was killed in service to the Union at the Battle of Perryville in October 1862. Private citizens who supported the Union cause provided the army with mules, wagons, clothing, and food.

The occupation of Hopkinsville changed at least half a dozen times between the Confederate and Union forces. In December 1864, Confederate troops under Gen. Hylan B. Lyon captured the town and burned down the Christian County courthouse which was being used at that time by the Union army as a barracks. Another skirmish between Union and Confederate forces took place in the field opposite Western State Hospital near the end of the war.

Black Patch tobacco
The Evansville, Henderson, and Nashville Railroad was the first to connect Hopkinsville to surrounding cities in 1868. In 1879, it was purchased by the L&N. The Ohio Valley Railroad (later purchased by the Illinois Southern) reached the city in 1892, as did the Tennessee Central in 1903.

The tobacco from the Black Patch region was highly desired in Europe. In 1904, tobacco planters formed the Dark Tobacco District Planters' Protective Association of Kentucky and Tennessee in opposition to a corporate monopoly by the American Tobacco Company (ATC) owned by James B. Duke. The ATC used their monopoly power to reduce the prices they paid to farmers; the planters' association aimed to organize a boycott of sales to drive the price back up. Many farmers continued to sell independently or secretly, however, prompting the association to form a "Silent Brigade" to pressure such farmers into compliance. With societal pressure seeming to fail, the Silent Brigade (probably under Dr. David A. Amoss) organized the Night Riders (not to be confused with the Ku Klux Klan) to terrorize farmers into submission.

On December 7, 1907, 250 masked Night Riders seized Hopkinsville's police station and cut off all outside contact. They pursued tobacco executives who bought tobacco from farmers who were not members of the Dark Tobacco District Planters' Protective Association and city officials who aided them. Three warehouses were burned, one of whose sites became Peace Park. In April of the next year, a tobacco broker in Paducah named W.B. Kennedy wrote to associates in Rotterdam that "Out of all the mischief that has been done the law has not been able to convict and punish the night-riders. They do their mischief in the night, and wear masks, and they have taken a pledge to never tell anybody anything they know, and for this reason it is impossible to get sufficient evidence to convict them. They have gone on with their mischief making, until they have almost ruined the country."

Tornadoes
On April 2, 2006, an F3 tornado swept through parts of Hopkinsville. In the storm, 200 homes were damaged and 28 people were injured. In addition, structural damage was reported to dozens of other businesses, along with countless trees, power lines, transmission towers and other structures, cutting electricity to the city of Hopkinsville. A gas line was also damaged, causing a gas leak. On January 1, 2022, an EF2 tornado struck Hopkinsville, removing the canopy from a gas station, and destroying the petrol pumps. A church lost parts of its roof, and trees were snapped and some uprooted along the path. This was the first confirmed tornado of 2022.

On March 31, 2023, the downtown area sustained noteworthy damage from straight-line winds of up to 90 mph, lifting off the upper floor of restaurant The Mixer in the former Young Hardware space, as well as damaging the city's clock tower and the Woody Winfree Fire and Transportation Museum.

Geography
Hopkinsville is located south of the center of Christian County at 36.85472°N, -87.48889°W (36.854712, −87.488872). Madisonville is 35 mi to the north, Russellville is 35 mi to the east, Oak Grove is 15 miles to the south, and Clarksville, Tennessee, is 26 mi to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Hopkinsville has a total area of 79.8 sqkm, of which 79.3 sqkm is land and 0.4 sqkm, or 0.44%, is water.

Climate
Hopkinsville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot, humid summers and cool winters. Precipitation is abundant and well-spread, with an average of 49.1 in. Snowfall is light and sporadic, with an average of 9.8 in.

The data below was accessed via the WRCC and was collected from 1896 until 2018.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 31,577 people, 12,600 households and 14,318 housing units in the city of Hopkinsville. The racial makeup of the city was 62.6% White, 31.9% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.5% from Hispanic or Latino origin, 61.1% White persons not Hispanic (U.S. Census), and 2.5% from two or more races.

There were 12,174 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,419, and the median income for a family was $37,598. Males had a median income of $30,349 versus $21,259 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,796.

The 2020 census estimated the population of Hopkinsville was 30,683 with a median household income of $39,743 and 23% of people living in poverty.

Clarksville MSA
Hopkinsville is part of the Clarksville, TN–KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. Clarksville lies approximately 15 mi to the south of Hopkinsville. Prior to 2003, the area was officially known as the Clarksville-Hopkinsville Metropolitan Statistical Area and included only Montgomery and Christian counties. In 2003, Hopkinsville was removed from the official name as it was no longer considered a principal city. That year, Stewart and Trigg counties were also added to the MSA. The four-county metropolitan area had a population of 232,000 in 2000. A July 1, 2007 estimate placed the population at 261,816. , the Clarksville Metropolitan Statistical Area is the 169th largest MSA in the United States.

Industry
Hopkinsville-Christian County is home to a wide range of businesses and industries, including Fortune 500 companies. Over 50 companies make up the local industrial community. Local industries provide a range of services and manufactured products.

There are nine Japanese companies (wholly owned or joint ventures) in Hopkinsville, as well as one German, Spanish, Canadian and Italian.

The Western State Hospital, established in 1854 as the Western Lunatic Asylum, is an inpatient center for the treatment of mental illness. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. The inpatient population was 220, from 34 counties in western Kentucky. Its three facilities employed 650 workers in 2004.

Hopkinsville was the headquarters and primary manufacturing facility for Ebonite International, one of the oldest and largest bowling ball manufacturers. Ebonite had a broad market share as they own several well-known brand names including Hammer, Dyno-Thane, Columbia 300, Track, and Robby's. The Hopkinsville plants produced 60 percent of the world's bowling balls before their closing in November 2019 when they were purchased by Brunswick Bowling Products.

Agribusiness
Hopkinsville-Christian County has strong agricultural roots dating back to the settlements in the 1790s. It has been a strong and consistent leader in the production of corn, winter wheat, soybeans, and tobacco.

Statistics released in December 2007, by the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, show Christian County continues to be a leading crop producer. Christian County ranks:
 * #1 crops for cash receipts
 * #1 winter wheat
 * #2 corn
 * #3 dark fired tobacco
 * #4 soybeans

Other key production includes burley tobacco, alfalfa hay, other hay, cattle, and calves and milk production. The county is the second largest in area in Kentucky at 722 sqmi and has an estimated 1,150 farms with over 300,000 acre of farmland, with 230,000 acre in cropland. The average size farm is 267 acre.

Agriculture has become a highly technical industry, and Christian County farmers realized the need for continuing education and technical training concerning implements, machinery, fertilizers, chemicals, seeds, and overall good farming practice. Because of this progressive attitude, Christian County continues to be an agricultural leader and example of good farming practices. The Hopkinsville Community College has a technical center specializing in agricultural classes. FFA classes at local high schools have over 200 members. The local 4-H group is extremely active serving over a thousand members in a variety of subjects.

The Chamber of Commerce maintains an Agri-Business Committee that promotes "Ag Week". The Agri-Business Committee promotes local agriculture with two events annually with a media blitz via newspaper, radio, and television; one in March during National Agriculture Week and again in July during Christian County Agriculture Week. It honors local farmers in the following four fields: Agri-Business of the Year, Farmer of the Year, Distinguished Service, and Friend of Agriculture. The committee also awards scholarships each year to a student who will pursue an agricultural course in college.

Top employers
According to Hopkinsville's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were:

Road
Hopkinsville is intersected by US 41, US 41A, US 68, US 68 Bypass, and the Interstate 169 (formerly Pennyrile Parkway). A four-lane bypass almost completely circles the city. The Southern portion of the bypass is the route for US 68 Bypass. Congressional funding approved for an extension of the Pennyrile Parkway (now I-169) to Interstate 24 in southern Christian County near Fort Campbell. Construction was completed in three phases. Phase One took the parkway to the US 68 bypass. Phase Two extended it to Lover's Lane. Phase Three, completed in late 2010 but not opened until early 2011, extended the parkway to meet I-24.

Air
All commercial air traffic for residents and visitors to Hopkinsville use Nashville International Airport. Hopkinsville is served by the Hopkinsville-Christian County Airport, a general aviation airport with one 5502 ft runway.

Rail
Railroad construction and operation in the late 1860s opened markets for agricultural and industrial products. Railroad service was inaugurated in Hopkinsville on April 8, 1868, by the Evansville, Henderson, & Nashville Railroad. This line was later extended north to Henderson and was acquired by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad (now CSX Transportation) in 1879. The Ohio Valley Railroad, purchased by the Illinois Central Railroad (now Illinois Central Gulf) in 1897, was built from Gracey to Hopkinsville in 1892 and abandoned in the 1980s. In 1903, the western division of the Tennessee Central Railway entered Christian County at Edgoten (Edge-of-Tennessee), connecting Clarksville and Hopkinsville. In 1990 the Hopkinsville-Fort Campbell portion was operated by the U.S. Department of Defense.

Media
The Kentucky New Era, founded in 1869, is the daily newspaper for the city and surrounding area.

Hopkinsville is part of the Nashville, Tennessee television designated market area (DMA). From 1983 to 2011, the city had its own local news station, WKAG, initially known in the area as TV-43 then as Source 16.

WHVO radio began broadcasting in Hopkinsville with the call letters WKOA on September 19, 1954, under the license of Pennyrile Broadcasting Company. It was a middle-of-the-road (MOR format) in the 1970s, and then a big band/oldies format during the mid-1980s. The station's callsigns changed to WYKH on August 1, 1986. On December 14, 1987, the station changed its call sign to WQKS. WQKS was acquired by the station's current owner, Ham Broadcasting, in October 1995. The current WHVO callsigns came on May 16, 2000.

The Hoptown Chronicle is a "nonprofit, online news outlet that provides public service journalism from the heart of Hopkinsville."

Arts
Hopkinsville is home to The Alhambra, a 650-seat theatre established in 1928. It opened as a film cinema but had been a performance venue since 1983, when operations were taken over by the Pennyroyal Arts Council.

Created in 1977, the Pennyroyal Arts Council encourages, develops, and promotes the arts appreciation through education, support, service, and presentation. Programming includes the Live at the Alhambra series, public school performances, the Missoula Children's Theatre, and local art exhibits.

The Hopkinsville Art Guild provides exhibition and educational opportunities for visual arts.

From the 1930s to the 1960s, Hopkinsville had two stops on the Chitlin' Circuit tour route, The Skylark and The Chesterfield, which featured Black musical performers like Tina Turner, Count Bassie, Chubby Checker, James Brown, Little Richard, and Cab Calloway.

Attractions and points of interest
Hopkinsville was a stop along the Trail of Tears, and the National Park System's "Trail of Tears Commemorative Park," along 9th Street on the Little River, commemorates this history. Every September, the Trail of Tears Indian Pow-Wow comes to town to Trail of Tears Park. There is a museum and a burial ground, including two important Cherokee leaders who died during the removal – Fly Smith and Whitepath, along with several large osage orange trees in it and dream catchers hanging from the wrought iron fence. There is also a sunken amphitheater. A group of plaques commemorate the great uprooting and journey, and its devastating effect upon the Cherokee people. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

The Pennyroyal Area Museum, located in the old post office building downtown, has exhibits on the history of Hopkinsville and the Pennyrile region. The Pennyroyal Area Museum is owned and funded by the city of Hopkinsville and was established to perpetuate the heritage of southwestern Kentucky's rich history. In 1974, the city of Hopkinsville acquired the old Post Office building from the U.S. government for use as an educational museum. The Pennyroyal Area Museum was established in October 1975, and opened on July 8, 1976. Its board and staff maintain a wide range of activities in its endeavor to preserve and interpret the past. Area citizens have contributed important roles in the Kentucky tradition from the post revolution era to the present. Historical in scope, the museum attempts to portray the development of the nine county Pennyrile region. Exhibits include the night riders of the Black Patch Tobacco Wars; Edgar Cayce, famed local clairvoyant; Jefferson Davis; period room settings; a pioneer bedroom; a miniature circus; antique quilts; black history; historic modes of transportation; as well as historical license plates from Kentucky.

Every May, Hopkinsville hosts Little River Days, a two-day family fun festival featuring road running, canoe racing, a bicycle tour, arts and crafts, food vendors and live entertainment. All activities take place at Merchant Park in downtown Hopkinsville.

During the total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017, Hopkinsville was the closest metropolitan area to the point of greatest eclipse, which occurred about 12 mi northwest of the city center in nearby Cerulean, Kentucky.

The opening text of the horror-comedy film Attack of the Killer Tomatoes notes that Hopkinsville was invaded by millions of black birds in 1975. While damage was caused around Hopkinsville, the birds actually roosted in nearby Fort Campbell.

The city is also known for the Kelly–Hopkinsville encounter, "a series of connected incidents of alleged close encounters with supposed extraterrestrial beings."

Sister city

 * 🇫🇷 Carentan, France (since 2019). A road in Hopkinsville was renamed "Carentan Way".

Public schools
Hopkinsville is part of the Christian County Public Schools system.

In August 2021, Christian County Public Schools Board voted to consolidate Christian County High School, Hopkinsville High School and two Gateway Academy Campuses into one College & Career Academy High School. The planned opening of the school is the Fall semester of 2026, with Christian County High School and Hopkinsville High School closing the same semester. The school will be named after Christian County High School.

Private schools
There are three private schools in Hopkinsville:

 * Saints Peter and Paul Catholic School, a Catholic school serving students from preschool through eighth grade.
 * University Heights Academy, a college preparatory school serving students from preschool through twelfth grade.
 * Heritage Christian Academy, a college preparatory Christian school serving students from preschool through twelfth grade.

Library
Hopkinsville has a lending library, the Hopkinsville-Christian County Public Library.

Hopkinsville Carnegie Library'' The Hopkinsville Carnegie Library was opened in 1914. It served the community until 1977, then sat vacant until restoration was begun in 2007. Currently the restoration is 2/3 complete, and the ground floor is now open and available for rent as an event space. The exterior has been completely restored.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hopkinsville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Notable residents

 * George L. Atkins, former mayor of Hopkinsville (1972–1975) and Kentucky state auditor (1975–1979)
 * Bird Averitt, former NBA and ABA guard
 * John Brim, musician and composer.
 * Lane McCray, International recording artist, La Bouche
 * Ned Breathitt, former governor of Kentucky
 * Greg Buckner, NBA shooting guard
 * Harry Buckner, baseball pitcher and outfielder in the Negro leagues
 * Edgar Cayce (1877–1945), an American Christian mystic and psychic
 * Jerry Claiborne, former college football coach for the Kentucky Wildcats
 * Edward M. Coffman, military historian
 * John Miller Cooper, pioneer of kinesiology
 * Tony Crunk, children's book author and poet
 * Logan Feland, United States Marine Corps Major General
 * Bettiola Heloise Fortson (1890–1917), poet, civil rights activist, suffragist
 * Steve Gorman, drummer for The Black Crowes
 * Yvonne Gregory, toured with Glenn Miller Band and art teacher in Hopkinsville schools
 * Asbury Harpending, financier and adventurer
 * bell hooks (1952–2021), feminist author and social activist
 * Larry Jones, thoroughbred racing trainer since 1982, former commercial farmer
 * Mac King, comedic magician
 * Margaret Rose Knight (1918–2010), First Lady of North Carolina, 1961–1965
 * Brice Long, country music artist
 * Riccardo Martin, operatic tenor
 * Teresa Medeiros, award-winning romance novelist
 * Doug Moseley, former member of the Kentucky State Senate; youth pastor at First United Methodist Church in Hopkinsville from 1948 to 1949
 * Artose Pinner, NFL running back
 * Christine Johnson Smith, opera singer and Tony Award-nominated Broadway actress
 * Lynn Starling, screenwriter and playwright
 * Adlai Stevenson (1835–1914), politician, 23rd vice-president of the United States
 * Keith Tandy, NFL safety
 * Thomas R. Underwood, former congressman and U.S. senator
 * Ed Whitfield, former congressman
 * Chris Whitney, former NBA point guard
 * Moe Williams, NFL running back, thoroughbred owner and trainer

title: Hopkinsville, Kentucky


text:
LaFayette, Kentucky

LaFayette, also informally written as La Fayette and Lafayette, is a home rule-class city in Christian County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 177 as of the 2020 census, up from 165 in the 2010 U.S. census. LaFayette is part of the Clarksville, Tennessee metropolitan area.

History
LaFayette was first settled in the late 1810s, and by 1820 was home to a dry goods and grocery store. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1836. The city was named in honor of Revolutionary War hero the Marquis de Lafayette.

LaFayette is home to an antebellum church, the Lafayette Methodist Church. Built in 1852 by Dutch-born builder Daniel Umbenhour, the church is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
LaFayette is located along Kentucky Route 107 in the southwestern corner of Christian County, 18 mi southwest of Hopkinsville, the Christian County seat, and 2 mi north of the Tennessee state line. The town lies just north of the US Army's Fort Campbell.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.6 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 193 people, 75 households, and 51 families residing in the town. The population density was 718.7 PD/sqmi. There were 83 housing units at an average density of 309.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 89.12% White, 5.70% African American, 0.52% Native American or Alaska Native, 1.55% Asian, 1.04% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.55% of the population.

There were 75 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 2.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.22.

The age distribution was 29.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,906, and the median income for a family was $30,250. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $29,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,679. About 9.8% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 40.0% of those 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: LaFayette, Kentucky


text:
Oak Grove, Kentucky

Oak Grove is a home rule-class city adjacent to the Fort Campbell army base in Christian County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 7,931 as of the 2020 census, up from 7,489 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. It is part of the Clarksville, Tennessee metropolitan area.

History
The first post office in Oak Grove was established in 1828. The community was named for oak trees near the original town site. The Clarksville Railroad was extended to Oak Grove in the 19th century.

With construction of nearby Fort Campbell in the Second World War, Oak Grove's population grew. The city was incorporated by the state legislature on September 24, 1974.

Geography
Oak Grove is located in southeastern Christian County at 36.65833°N, -87.41944°W (36.658374, -87.419565). Its southern border is the Tennessee state line, and it is bordered to the west by Fort Campbell. Hopkinsville, the Christian County seat, touches the northwest corner of Oak Grove along Fort Campbell Boulevard (U.S. Route 41 Alternate). Interstate 24 forms the northeast boundary of Oak Grove, with access from exit 86 (US 41 Alt.) and exit 89 (Kentucky Route 115). The city of Clarksville, Tennessee, is along the southern boundary of Oak Grove.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Oak Grove has a total area of 27.9 km2, of which 0.09 sqkm, or 0.30%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,064 people, 2,529 households, and 1,820 families residing in the city. The population density was 685.4 PD/sqmi. There were 2,912 housing units at an average density of 282.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 61.72% White, 25.81% African American, 1.03% Native American or Alaska Native, 1.64% Asian, 0.51% Pacific Islander, 3.94% from other races, and 5.35% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 9.41% of the population.

There were 2,529 households, out of which 50.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.14.

The age distribution was 32.2% under the age of 18, 23.4% from 18 to 24, 38.6% from 25 to 44, 4.9% from 45 to 64, and 1.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there are 113.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,235, and the median income for a family was $31,972. Males had a median income of $25,497 versus $18,994 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,769. About 7.9% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.1% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Oak Grove has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Oak Grove, Kentucky


text:
Pembroke, Kentucky

Pembroke is a home rule-class city in Christian County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 865 as of the 2020 census, stagnant from 869 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. It is part of the Clarksville, Tennessee metropolitan area.

History
The town was settled in 1836 and named for Pembroke Somerset, Esq., a character in Jane Porter's 1803 novel Thaddeus of Warsaw, by Dr. Lunsford Lindsay, a local store owner. It was incorporated as a city in 1869.

Geography
Pembroke is located in eastern Christian County at 36.77472°N, -87.35639°W (36.774633, -87.356361). U.S. Route 41 passes through the town as Nashville Street, leading northwest 9 mi to Hopkinsville, the county seat, and southeast 14 mi to Guthrie at the Tennessee border.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Pembroke has a total area of 2.9 km2, of which 0.01 sqkm, or 0.42%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 797 people, 305 households, and 214 families residing in the city. The population density was 772.4 PD/sqmi. There were 328 housing units at an average density of 317.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 64.87% White, 31.12% African American, 0.50% Native American or Alaska Native, 0.25% Asian, 0.75% from other races, and 2.51% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.25% of the population.

There were 305 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 18.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.95.

The age distribution was 25.7% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,143, and the median income for a family was $30,568. Males had a median income of $28,250 versus $18,194 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,663. About 20.5% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.1% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Pembroke, Kentucky


text:
Askja

Askja is an active volcano situated in a remote part of the central highlands of Iceland. The name Askja refers to a complex of nested calderas within the surrounding Dyngjufjöll mountains, which rise to 1514 m, askja meaning box or caldera in Icelandic.

Geography
The Askja central volcano is 20 km in diameter and is associated with the Askja volcanic system which has a 190 km long fissure swarm that extends north from beneath the Vatnajökull glacier towards the north coast of Iceland. The Hrúthálsar area which is 20 - 30 km to the north-east is now usually regarded as part of the system.

The outer caldera of Askja, representing a prehistoric eruption, is about 50 km2 in area, and there is evidence of other later caldera-forming events within it. These include the main summit caldera, that is about 8 km in diameter, to its north-east the 4 km diameter Kollur caldera, and the 1875 Öskjuvatn caldera with a diameter of about 5 km. The main crater floor lies at about 1100 m.

The central volcano region is only accessible for a few months of the year. Being situated in the rain shadow to the northeast of the Vatnajökull glacier, the area receives only about 450 mm of rainfall annually.

NASA
The area was used by NASA during training for the Apollo program to prepare astronauts for the lunar missions. Their main objective in Askja was to study geology. The Astronaut Monument in Húsavík lists the 32 astronauts who participated.

Eruptions
Most eruptions are small, basaltic and effusive. There have been at least 175 eruptions from the Askja system in the last 7200 years.

1875
Askja was virtually unknown until a large 17 hour subplinian eruption which started on March 28, 1875. The volcanic system had been active since 1 January 1875. This was followed by the devastating rhyolitic phreatoplinian explosion on March 29, 1875, which erupted 0.33 km3 dense-rock equivalent. The eruption finished on 17 October 1875. Locally around the caldera this ash fall on snow cover has resulted in the formation of a layer of permafrost ice. Especially in the Eastfjords of Iceland, the ashfall was heavy enough to poison the land and kill livestock. Ash more than 1 cm in thickness covered 5000 km2 and the total population in Iceland of sheep declined by 2% and cattle by 6.2% between 1874 and 1876. At least 16 farms were abandoned in 1876. Ash, or tephra from this eruption was wind-blown to Norway, Sweden, Germany and Poland. The eruption triggered a spike in emigration from Iceland but not as much as the Grímsvötn eruptions in the 1880's. Between February to October 1875 about 60 km north of the Askja central volcano there were episodic basaltic fissure eruptions, which erupted a comparable volume of magma to the explosive phase. The eruption had no direct effect on regional or Northern Hemisphere vegetation and climate.

Early Holocene
Another less well-known large rhyolitic eruption, called Askja-S (Skolli), occurred in the early Holocene, 10,824 ± 97 years BP. Tephra from this eruption has been found in south-east Sweden, Northern Ireland and north Norway and recently as far south as Romania, which makes it one of the most far-travelled Icelandic tephras.

1961
The last eruption of Askja was between 26 October and 5 December 1961 near the northern rim of the caldera. It produced the 0.1 km3 basaltic Vikrahraun lava flow and also near the caldera another local permafrost layer under the 0.004 km3 of tephra.

Activity
In June 2010, Volcano expert Hazel Rymer said seismic activity was increasing at Askja. The increased earthquake activity was located to the northeast of the central volcano, in the direction of Herðubreið. It was ruled out that any activity from Eyjafjallajökull was responsible for the increase in activity at Askja. The news came as scientists continue to watch Katla. In early April 2012 it was noted that the lake in the caldera was totally clear of ice, which usually does not happen until in June or July in a normal year. It was believed that increased geothermal activity in the volcano is heating the lake. Travel in the area was restricted until further research could be carried out.

In early September 2021, GPS and Satellite data showed that an inflation at the rate of five cm per month, most likely attributed to magma intrusion, of the caldera had started in August. An Article published on September 9 from the Icelandic Meteorological Office(IMO) stated the Aviation Color Code was upgraded from "Green" to "Yellow" due to the changes. The Article also says, "Next week IMO and the Institute of Earth Sciences (UÍ) will potentiate the monitoring network around Askja to allow a better coverage and surveillance of the volcano." On 9 November 2022 deformation data showed continuing magma accumulation at depth, with accumulated uplift of 40 cm since August 2021.

Öskjuvatn lake
Öskjuvatn is a large lake that fills much of the smaller caldera resulting from the 1875 eruption. Its surface lies about 50 m below the level of the main caldera floor and covers about 12 km2. When the lake originally formed it was warm, but today it is frozen over for most of the year. Öskjuvatn is the second deepest lake in Iceland at 220 m deep.

Missing scientists
In 1907, the German scientists Walter von Knebel and Max Rudloff visited Askja to study the caldera. While exploring Öskjuvatn in a small boat, they disappeared without a trace. Von Knebel's fiancée Ina von Grumbkow led an expedition to search for them, but no indication of what happened to them was ever found. Recent observations on the effects of a landslide, on 21 July 2014, has led to renewed speculation that the scientists were killed by a similar sudden event, a massive wave similar to the one estimated to be 30 meters high seen in 2014.

Social context of 1875 Askja eruption
The eruption took place at a time that Iceland was newly self governing under Danish rule, with a strong nationalist element, had an large rural agricultural population, and needed the fodder ruined by the eruption to overwinter livestock, in an up to then, relatively prosperous farming area. Following local publicity of the plight of farming communities in May 1775, and a letter to The Times in July 1775, fund-raising efforts in the UK, Denmark, and Norway took place and relief supplies were organised. The combined donations helped many of the most affected and paid for fodder to help keep livestock alive over the winter of 1875/6. The emigration options were limited, as the possibility of organised self funded emigration from Iceland to Canada or Brazil only became possible in January 1873, and by the time of the eruption the experiences reported home of the emigrants were far from all being positive. Canada in particular successfully promoted itself and addressed partially the initial issues, with partially subsidised emigration that excluded deliberately the Icelandic poor, for multiple reasons both commercial and social. However the Iceland nationalist political movement tried to block emigration, even misrepresenting that its new Emigration Law made the Canadian plan impossible, when the law had yet to be ratified in Denmark. A deposit paid to the Danish Governor of Iceland and advertising emphasising the impact of the eruption eased the Canadian plan. While most emigration in 1876 was by Icelanders resident outside the areas most affected by the ash it did result in up to 10% of the population in those districts most affected, leaving Iceland.

Sights and tourism in the area
The Dyngjufjöll mountains which surround the Askja caldera, also contain the Drekagil, the canyon of dragons. Within 25 km and 41 km of Askja, are two other volcanic systems: Herðubreið and Kverkfjöll.

Askja is a popular tourist destination. There are two mountain huts and a campsite at Dreki, by Drekagil, which is about 100 km by a 4x4 F-road, from the Icelandic ring-road. The road continues 8 km up from Dreki into the Askja caldera. It is a walk of about 2.5 km from the car park to Öskjuvatn and Víti. The roads are usually only open for about three to four months, from late June until early October.

Photos and videos

 * Panoramic views of Iceland, including Askja
 * Askja & Víti 2004 – 2010. Picture Gallery from islandsmyndir.is
 * Photo of Víti Crater

Scientific papers

 * Earthice, Univ. of Iceland, description of Askja
 * Askja, Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution
 * Asta R. Hjartadóttir (2008): The fissure swarm of the Askja central volcano, Univ. of Iceland (PDF)
 * Rymer, Hazel: The case of the shrinking volcano, 19.11.2009 (Blogpost of the geophysicist)
 * UP60q3hTuL0bQFayjWySe2pbcHXPDZorubx8kmqCf_1h8qfhNK96ufjwrE1OtY0T5jRPfGrBVxChdVBHFtgfgBfthdw5YCWuUAC2x89gg1TGjBR_hf8-1GoQtO&sig=AHIEtbTVxfbK9oIgvpHCLi7O2Yv8YudG7Q A. Key, e.a.: Crustal seismicity beneath Askja volcano reflecting plate tectonics and melt movement. (Zur Erdbebentätigkeit an der Askja) (PDF, 31 KB)
 * Rymer, H., C. Locke, B. G. Ófeigsson, P. Einarsson, and E. Sturkell (2010): New mass increase beneath Askja volcano, Iceland – a precursor to renewed activity? Terra Nova, 22, 309–313.
 * Sigurdur Thorarinsson, and G. E. Sigvaldason: The eruption in Askja 1961, a preliminary report. American Journal of Science, Vol. 260, November 1962, P.641-651;  (Abstract)
 * Eysteinn Tryggvason: Ground deformation in Askja, Iceland: its source and possible relation to flow of the mantle plume, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 39 (1989) 61–71 61 (PDF)
 * Erik Sturkell, Freysteinn Sigmundsson: Continuous deflation of the Askja caldera, Iceland, during the 1983–1998 noneruptive period, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 105, NO. B11, PP. 25,671–25,684, 2000;  (PDF)
 * Heidi Soosalu, Janet Key, Robert S. White, Clare Knox, Páll Einarsson und Steinunn S. Jakobsdóttir: Lower-crustal earthquakes caused by magma movement beneath Askja volcano on the north Iceland rift, Bulletin of Volcanology, Vol. 72, no. 1, 55–62;  (Springer-Link, Abstract)
 * Heidi Soosalu, e.a.: Askja 2007 – Scientific Project. (PDF)
 * Rymer, Hazel and Tryggvason, Eysteinn (1993): Gravity and elevation changes at Askja, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 55(5), pp. 362–371. (PDF)

title: Askja


text:
Winchester, Kentucky

Winchester is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Clark County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 19,134 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. Winchester is located roughly halfway between Lexington and Mt. Sterling.

History
It was named after Winchester, Virginia.

Geography
Winchester is located northwest of the center of Clark County, 18 mi east of Lexington and 15 mi west of Mt. Sterling. Kentucky Route 1958 (Bypass Road) is an outer loop around the town. Kentucky Route 627 (Boonesborough Road) leads towards Richmond, 21 mi to the south and Paris to the north. U.S. Route 60 (Winchester-Lexington Road/Lexington Avenue) runs through downtown Winchester. Interstate 64 passes through the northern part of the city, with access from exits 94 and 96. The Mountain Parkway turns off I-64 just northeast of Winchester and leads 75 mi east to Salyersville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Winchester has a total area of 20.4 km2, of which 20.3 km2 is land and 0.1 km2, or 0.67%, is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Winchester has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 16,724 people, 6,907 households, and 4,620 families residing in the city. The population density was 2187.6 /sqmi. There were 7,400 housing units at an average density of 968.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 88.94% White, 8.83% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.81% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.60% of the population.

There were 6,907 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,254, and the median income for a family was $36,797. Males had a median income of $31,295 versus $21,747 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,611. About 13.1% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.

Small business
Ale-8-One, a Kentucky-specific brand of soft drink, has been bottled in Winchester since 1926.

Beer Cheese Festival
Winchester is home to the Beer Cheese Festival held annually in June. Beer Cheese was developed in Clark County near Winchester in the 1940s.

Historic sites

 * Bluegrass Heritage Museum
 * Clark County Court House
 * Clark Mansion (Gov. Clark House)
 * Indian old fields
 * Kerr Building
 * Leeds Theater
 * Oakwood Estate
 * Old Providence Church
 * Winchester Opera House

Education
Oliver High School was in Winchester. Berea graduate G. A. Benton was principal.

High school
Winchester students attend George Rogers Clark High School, located southwest of Winchester in Clark County.

Higher education
Winchester has been home to several higher education establishments. Kentucky Wesleyan College was located in the city from 1890 to 1954. When Kentucky Wesleyan left, the local Churches of Christ organized Southeastern Christian College on the former Kentucky Wesleyan campus. After Southeastern Christian College folded in 1979, the campus was preserved as a public park. Today, Clark County is home to the Winchester Campus of Bluegrass Community and Technical College.

Public library
Winchester has a lending library, the Clark County Public Library.

Transportation
Interstate 64 runs east–west through the northern part of Winchester. U.S. Route 60 runs east–west through Winchester. Kentucky Route 627 runs north–south through Winchester.

Blue Grass Airport, 29 miles to the west, in the western part of Lexington, is one of the busiest commercial airports in the state.

The Louisville and Nashville Railroad had run trains east–west and north–south through Winchester. The last L&N passenger train was an unnamed Cincinnati - Atlanta remnant of the former Cincinnati - Jacksonville Flamingo; it was discontinued on March 7, 1968.

Notable people

 * Armstead M. Alexander (1834–1892), congressman from Missouri
 * Chilton Allan (1786–1858), congressman from Kentucky
 * Yeremiah Bell, safety for the New York Jets NFL team
 * Rex Burkhead, running back for the Houston Texans NFL Team
 * George French Ecton, second African-American state legislator in Illinois
 * John E. Fryer, psychiatrist whose speech in 1972 as "Dr. Henry Anonymous" helped to get homosexuality removed as a mental disease from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
 * Matt Ginter, Professional Baseball 1999–2010 (11 years)
 * William Harrow (1822–1871), Union general in the Civil War
 * Joel Tanner Hart (1810–1877), sculptor
 * Joseph Jackson (screenwriter), film representative and most successful writers for Hollywood talking films. entered films in 1918 as publicity representative.
 * Preston Knowles, basketball player for the University of Louisville
 * Homer Ledford (1927–2006), instrument maker and bluegrass musician
 * Matt Long, TV's "Jack & Bobby", "Mad Men", "Helix".
 * Nettie George Speedy (1878–1957), journalist of Chicago Defender, founder of Chicago Women's Golf Club, the first woman to sit on the trustee board of Lane College, and the Pioneer of African American golf.
 * Claude Sullivan, sports broadcaster
 * Allen Tate (1899–1979), poet associated with the Agrarians, a group of Southern poets, and most noted for "Ode to the Confederate Dead"
 * Helen Thomas, White House press correspondent
 * Frank L. Winn, U.S. Army major general
 * John S. Winn, U.S. Army brigadier general

In popular culture
A 2018 episode of The Dead Files was filmed in Winchester.

Sister cities
Winchester has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
 * 🇪🇨 Ibarra, Imbabura, Ecuador
 * 🇮🇳 Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India

title: Winchester, Kentucky


text:
Manchester, Kentucky

Manchester is a home rule-class city in Clay County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county and the home of a minimum- and medium-security federal prison. The city's population was 1,255 at the 2010 census.

History
The town was founded to be the seat of the newly formed Clay County in 1807 on a 10 acre parcel near the Lower Goose Creek Salt Works. The county court stipulated that the town be named Greenville in honor of the War of 1812 general who gave the county its name. The Greenville in Muhlenberg County had already preempted that name, however, and it was changed to "Manchester" in December. There was a local legend in the town that this was in honor of the hometown of Gen. Garrard's second wife Lucy Lees, but a prominent local family, the Hollingsworth, were originally from Manchester, England. Rennick points out that Lees was born well after the naming of the city. He opines that it is more likely that the local businessmen simply wanted a name evocative of the English industrial success.

Geography
Manchester is located at 37.15278°N, -83.76333°W (37.152818, -83.763403). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,255 people, 579 households, and 332 families living in the city. The population density was 836.7 PD/sqmi. There were 655 housing units at an average density of 436.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.5% White, 6.3% African American, 0% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 0.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1% of the population.

There were 579 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.5% were married couples living together, 19% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.84.

Education
Manchester has a lending library, the Clay County Public Library.

Media
Manchester is the city of license cited by four radio stations:
 * WWXL
 * WKLB
 * WTBK
 * WWLT

Notable people

 * Bert T. Combs – Former jurist and 50th Governor of Kentucky.
 * Theophilus T. Garrard – A politician and Union general in the American Civil War.
 * Richie Farmer – Former University of Kentucky shooting guard and Kentucky Commissioner of Agriculture.

title: Manchester, Kentucky


text:
Albany, Kentucky

Albany is a home rule-class city in Clinton County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 1,760 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Clinton County. It is located on U.S. Route 127, about 6 mi north of the Tennessee border.

History
The community of Albany grew up around a tavern established by Benjamin Dowell in the early 19th century. In 1837, residents voted to make the location the seat of county government. It is generally accepted that the town, formally incorporated on January 27, 1838, was named after Albany, New York, but a local legend holds that, during the vote to determine the location of the county seat, patrons of Dowell's tavern shouted "All for Benny!", then "all Benny," which led to the town being called Albany.

During the Civil War, Albany was attacked by Confederate forces, and many buildings, including the courthouse, were burned. A marker in the courthouse square notes that Clinton was the native county of Civil War terrorist Champ Ferguson, hanged after the war for atrocities.

Geography
Albany is located in south-central Clinton County at 36.69333°N, -85.13528°W (36.693280, -85.135286). The city lies at an elevation of 960 ft at the foot of the western edge of the Cumberland Plateau. Albany Rock, a western spur of the plateau, rises northeast of the city to an elevation of 1700 ft.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.8 km2, of which 0.01 sqkm, or 0.23%, is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Albany has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,220 people, 1,018 households, and 561 families residing in the city. The population density was 653.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,165 housing units at an average density of 342.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.38% White, 0.05% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.05% Asian, 0.50% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.11% of the population.

There were 1,018 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 41.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $14,558, and the median income for a family was $22,652. Males had a median income of $21,389 versus $16,685 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,919. About 28.9% of families and 35.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.8% of those under age 18 and 36.5% of those age 65 or over.

Schools
All schools in the city are operated by the Clinton County School District
 * Early Childhood Center
 * Albany Elementary School
 * Clinton County Middle School
 * Clinton County High School

Libraries
Albany has a lending library, the Clinton County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Thomas Bramlette, Union Democratic governor of Kentucky, 1863–1867
 * Garlin Murl Conner, a soldier in the United States Army during the Second World War. Assigned to the 3rd Infantry Division and served in North Africa and Europe; he may have been "the greatest soldier of our time."
 * Sam C. Ford, the 12th governor of Montana
 * Jeff Hoover, Speaker of the House, Kentucky House of Representatives.
 * Preston H. Leslie, Democratic governor of Kentucky and territorial governor of Montana

title: Albany, Kentucky


text:
Dycusburg, Kentucky

Dycusburg is an unincorporated community in Crittenden County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 26 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Dycusburg is located near the southern tip of Crittenden County at 37.16°N, -88.185°W (37.160017, -88.184952), on the east bank of the Cumberland River. It is 10 mi north of Lake Barkley, the reservoir on the Cumberland River that forms part of the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, and 10 mi east by air (25 mi by road) of Smithland, Kentucky, where the Cumberland River joins the Ohio. Dycusburg is the site of a former ferry across the Cumberland River, which closed in 1951. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.04 sqmi, all land.

History
The town of Dycusburg was laid out by William E. Dycus and became a shipping port on the Cumberland River. A post office was established in 1848. On February 4, 1908, during the Tobacco Wars, the Night Riders occupied the city and burned the Bennett Brothers' tobacco warehouse and distillery. The city was disincorporated in 1980.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 39 people, 18 households, and 10 families residing in the city. The population density was 889.7 PD/sqmi. There were 20 housing units at an average density of 456.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.44% White, and 2.56% from two or more races.

There were 18 households, out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 38.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 25.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 129.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,208, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,253. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Schools
Students in Dycusburg attend Crittenden County Schools located in Marion.

title: Dycusburg, Kentucky


text:
Marion, Kentucky

Marion is a home rule-class city in Crittenden County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,039.

The farm communities surrounding Marion are home to a large Amish population. The Marion-Crittenden County Airport is located west of the city.

History
The city is named for Francis Marion, a brigadier general from South Carolina in the American Revolutionary War.

Marion was founded in 1842 on land donated by Dr. John S. Gilliam shortly after Crittenden County was created January 26, 1842, from a portion of Livingston County. The city was incorporated February 22, 1844, and a post office was established in 1846.

In 1864, at the end of the Civil War, the county courthouse in Marion was burned.

A railroad line from Blackford to Princeton was completed in 1887, and a depot was established at Marion. Originally owned by the Illinois Central Railroad, it has since been abandoned.

A one-room Rosenwald School opened in Marion in 1926 for African-American children. Graduates attended high school in neighboring Caldwell County until 1936, after which they attended high school in Princeton.

Geography
Marion is located near the center of Crittenden County at 37.3325°N, -88.07917°W (37.332505, -88.079051). U.S. 60 and U.S. 641 intersect in the center of town. U.S. 60 leads northeast 30 mi to Morganfield and southwest 45 mi to Paducah, while U.S. 641 leads south 10 mi to Fredonia and 20 mi to U.S. 62 in Eddyville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Marion has a total area of 8.7 sqkm, of which 0.07 sqkm, or 0.79%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,196 people, 1,415 households, and 881 families residing in the city. The population density was 971.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,595 housing units at an average density of 484.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.65% White, 1.75% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.03% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population.

There were 1,415 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,854, and the median income for a family was $33,980. Males had a median income of $26,628 versus $18,646 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,766. About 20.2% of families and 24.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
The internationally known Ben E. Clement Mineral Museum is located in Marion. Its collection of fluorite crystal specimens is significant, and a reflection of Crittenden County's importance in the history of fluorite mining.

Crittenden County Historical Museum is the repository of local history dating to prior to the county's creation.

Community Arts Foundation hosts, produces and cultivates the local arts, including various performances at historic Fohs Hall.

Marion was home to the Marion Bobcats, a wood bat baseball team in the KIT League and subsequent Ohio Valley Summer Collegiate Baseball League, from 2008 to 2013.

The Holiday Drive-In Theater was located east of Marion, and had a 200-car capacity. It has since been demolished. There was also once a traditional theater and open-air theater.

Education
Public education in Marion is administered by Crittenden County Schools. Crittenden County Elementary School, Middle School and High School are all located in Marion.

Marion has a lending library, the Crittenden County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Lee Cruce (1863–1933), second governor of Oklahoma
 * Shelby Hearon (1931–2016), novelist and short story writer
 * Ollie Murray James (1871–1918), represented Kentucky in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate
 * Walter Walker (1883–1932), U.S. senator representing Colorado in 1932, and a newspaperman in Grand Junction, Colorado
 * Floyd "Rip" Wheeler (1921–1968), professional baseball player

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Marion has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Marion, Kentucky


text:
Burkesville, Kentucky

Burkesville is a home rule-class city in Cumberland County, Kentucky, in the United States. Nestled among the rolling foothills of Appalachia and bordered by the Cumberland River to the south and east, it is the seat of its county. The population was 1,521 at the 2010 census.

History
Burkesville began as a small riverside settlement even before the Iroquois Indians officially sold the land in 1768. The settlement was originally called Cumberland Crossing. In 1846, it was incorporated as a city and named Burkesville after Isham Burk, a prominent citizen leader at that time.

Just as Kentucky was a border state in the Civil War, so was Burkesville a border town. Burkesville stood on the Cumberland River, a major natural barrier between opposing forces, so Union and Confederate troops as well as guerillas led by Champ Ferguson sparred across the countryside. Confederate General John Hunt Morgan tore through the area while conducting Morgan's Raid, and Confederate General Hylan B. Lyon's raids in December 1864 burned seven courthouses, ending with the one in Burkesville on January 3.

Burkesville was a fairly busy river port whose heyday came during the latter part of the nineteenth century, when water transportation was the most feasible way to move large quantities of goods. The rise of larger craft, such as the riverboat, required diligent dredging of the riverbed to keep it navigable so far upstream. The last steamboat docked in Burkesville in 1929, the year after the first major road was opened to the larger city of Glasgow, 40 mi to the west. The river's head of commercial navigation moved from Burnside (which has a railroad) to Burkesville (which does not) when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began building Wolf Creek Dam without a lock about 25 miles upstream before World War II. The dam controlled flooding that had plagued the town from its beginning, but was the last nail in the coffin of commercial navigation. The corps' impoundment of Dale Hollow Reservoir in 1944 gave the town a tourist and fishing trade, and development of a trout fishery on the river from the dam to Burkesville has also provided a small economic boost, as has development of Dale Hollow Lake State Resort Park.

Burkesville had a pack horse library serving rural residents in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

Today the main routes of access to the city are State Highways 90 and state 61. KY 90 East and KY 61 South are part of the Appalachian Development Highway System; Burkesville has the only 90-degree turn in an APD corridor, because the original route was moved west to please Tennessee Congressman Joe L. Evins and perhaps Kentucky Congressman Tim Lee Carter of Tompkinsville. An old-fashioned town square sits on Main Street, which splits and forms a circle around the Cumberland County court house, the third incarnation of the structure. The first was built by Thomas Lincoln, the father of Abraham Lincoln. Original buildings ring the square on three sides; the fourth was razed to make way for a modern justice center, completed in 2006. Two streets branch off perpendicular to Main: River Street runs straight toward the Cumberland River and provides access to the town's only public boat ramp, while Hill Street immediately begins scaling the Alpine Hill that towers over the city. This road was the only access to the city from the west for many years until Highway 90 was rerouted through a gap called the Sawmill Cut, site of a small sawmill until the road was further modernized in the 21st century. Highway 61 North was most recently modernized; the highway and park improvements were pushed by Burkesville lawyer David Williams as president of the state Senate from 2000 to 2013.

Geography
Burkesville is located at 36.79278°N, -85.36944°W (36.792787, -85.369578).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.85 km2, of which 6.65 sqkm is land and 0.20 sqkm, or 2.90%, is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Burkesville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,756 people, 768 households, and 459 families residing in the city. The population density was 620.2 PD/sqmi. There were 856 housing units at an average density of 302.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.90% White, 10.88% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.17% from other races, and 1.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.

There were 768 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.5% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 37.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $17,209, and the median income for a family was $24,028. Males had a median income of $20,985 versus $16,763 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,653. About 23.8% of families and 29.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.0% of those under age 18 and 30.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Burkesville has a lending library, the Cumberland County Public Library.

Notable residents

 * Two governors of Kentucky, Thomas E. Bramlette and Preston H. Leslie, were born in the part of Cumberland County that later became Clinton County.
 * Thomas Lincoln, father of the 16th President Abraham Lincoln, served two terms as constable of Cumberland County from 1802 to 1804. He was also commissioned an ensign of the Cornstalk Militia of Cumberland County.
 * David L. Williams, judge of the Kentucky 40th Circuit Court, former President of the Kentucky Senate, 1992 Republican candidate for U.S. Senate, and the 2011 Republican gubernatorial nominee.

title: Burkesville, Kentucky


text:
Masonville, Kentucky

Masonville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2,129 as of the 2020 census, doubling from 1,014 in the 2010 census. It is included in the Owensboro Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Masonville is located in south-central Daviess County at 37.68361°N, -87.03667°W (37.683612, -87.036563). U.S. Route 231 passes through the center of the CDP. The William H. Natcher Parkway forms the eastern border of the CDP, but there is no exit for the community. Owensboro, the county seat, is 8 mi to the northwest, and Hartford is 17 mi to the southeast.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Masonville CDP has a total area of 27.0 sqkm, of which 26.8 sqkm is land and 0.2 sqkm, or 0.66%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,075 people, 381 households, and 310 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 120.1 PD/sqmi. There were 411 housing units at an average density of 45.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.16% White, 0.09% African American, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.19% of the population.

There were 381 households, out of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.7% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,171, and the median income for a family was $45,795. Males had a median income of $35,089 versus $19,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,469. About 10.9% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.2% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Masonville, Kentucky


text:
Whitesville, Kentucky

Whitesville is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 580 as of the 2020 Census, up from 552 as of the 2010 census. It is included in the Owensboro, Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was founded in 1844 by Dr. William White, and named for him. The current mayor of Whitesville is Patsy Mayfield.

Geography
Whitesville is located in southeastern Daviess County at 37.68306°N, -86.87056°W (37.683181, -86.870587). Kentucky Route 54 passes through the center of town, leading northwest 15 mi to Owensboro, the county seat, and southeast 39 mi to Leitchfield.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Whitesville has a total area of 1.08 km2, all of it land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 632 people, 250 households, and 175 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,411.0 PD/sqmi. There were 260 housing units at an average density of 580.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.10% White, 0.79% African American, 0.16% Asian, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population.

There were 250 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,655, and the median income for a family was $28,667. Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,477. About 13.4% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.

Places of interest
Whitesville is home to Kentucky Motor Speedway, a 3/8 mile short-track facility built in 1960, with an infield figure 8 track crossover added in 1981. Several NASCAR greats, such as Darrell Waltrip, Michael Waltrip, and Jeremy Mayfield, got their start in racing at the speedway. The facility was idle from 2005 to 2008 due to bankruptcy issues, but reopened on April 19, 2009. It was idle again in 2022 and 2023.

Notable people

 * Private David P. Nash, Medal of Honor recipient for his service during the Vietnam War

title: Whitesville, Kentucky


text:
Brownsville, Kentucky

Brownsville is a home rule-class city in Edmonson County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the county seat and is a certified Kentucky Trail Town. The population was 836 at the time of the 2010 census, down from 921 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Bowling Green metropolitan area. It is just outside Mammoth Cave National Park.

Geography
Brownsville is located near the center of Edmonson County at 37.19117°N, -86.2611°W. The city limits border the western edge of Mammoth Cave National Park, with access to Houchin Ferry Campground.

State Routes 70 and 259 pass through the city together as Main Street. KY 70 leads east 20 mi to Cave City and west 27 mi to U.S. Route 231 at Aberdeen, while KY 259 leads southeast 12 mi to U.S. Route 31W and north 25 mi to Leitchfield.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Brownsville has a total area of 6.8 km2, of which 0.02 km2, or 0.26%, is water. The city is located on the Green River, a tributary of the Ohio River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 921 people, 387 households, and 229 families residing in the city. The population density was 581.0 PD/sqmi. There were 421 housing units at an average density of 265.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.37% White, 0.11% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.

There were 387 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 72.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $15,370, and the median income for a family was $21,250. Males had a median income of $26,125 versus $14,583 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,711. About 30.8% of families and 32.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.2% of those under age 18 and 24.5% of those age 65 or over.

Plain community
There is a Plain, horse and buggy community with about 40 to 50 people in Peace Valley, Brownsville. It is closely affiliated with Caneyville.

Education
Brownsville is served by the Edmonson County Schools. Schools in the district located in Brownsville are:
 * Edmonson County High School (Principal: Johnathan Williams; Assistant Principal: Nikki Culbreth)
 * Edmonson County Middle School (Principal: Brandon Prunty)
 * Edmonson County 5th/6th Center (Principal: Charla Caudill)

Brownsville has a lending library, the Edmonson County Public Library.

Notable residents
Music promoter Denver D. Ferguson was born in Brownsville.

title: Brownsville, Kentucky


text:
Sandy Hook, Kentucky

Sandy Hook is a home rule-class city beside the Little Sandy River in Elliott County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 675 at the 2010 census.

Sandy Hook is the county seat of Elliott County, which is a dry county. It is illegal to sell alcohol within the city. The Little Sandy Correctional Complex, a medium-security prison operated by the Kentucky Department of Corrections, is located 6 mi northeast of Sandy Hook.

History
The head of navigation on the Little Sandy River was first settled in the 1820s. By the time of its establishment by the state legislature in 1850, it was known as "Sandy Hook" for the fishhook-shaped bend in the river at that point.

It was chosen as the seat of the newly established Elliott County over nearby Newfoundland in 1869, owing to a generous donation of land for public buildings by resident James Hunter. In 1872, the city was incorporated as "Martinsburg" in honor of Congressman John P. Martin. The priority of another Martinsburg, Kentucky, meant that the post office (est. 1874) had to be named "Sandy Hook". The city resumed the name shortly after and was reincorporated as "Sandy Hook" in 1888.

Geography
Sandy Hook is located near the center of Elliott County at the head of navigation on the Little Sandy River in eastern Kentucky. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.5 km2, all land.

Kentucky Route 7 passes through the center of town, leading northeast 22 mi to Grayson and southwest 18 mi to West Liberty. Kentucky Route 32 leads east 39 mi to Louisa and heads north out of Sandy Hook with KY 7, eventually leading northwest 27 mi to Morehead.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 678 people, 292 households, and 167 families residing in the city. The population density was 716.1 PD/sqmi. There were 332 housing units at an average density of 350.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.26% White, 0.15% African American, 0.15% Native American, and 0.44% from two or more races.

There were 292 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.0% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.8% were non-families. 41.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 25.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 65.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 60.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $14,313, and the median income for a family was $21,071. Males had a median income of $40,417 versus $22,031 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,278. About 28.2% of families and 31.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.1% of those under age 18 and 26.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Sandy Hook has a lending library, the Rocky J. Adkins Public Library.

Notable person
Sandy Hook is the hometown of late country music singer Keith Whitley. A statue of Whitley playing his guitar can be seen in the local cemetery, and a local street was renamed "Keith Whitley Boulevard."

title: Sandy Hook, Kentucky


text:
Irvine, Kentucky

Irvine is a home rule-class city in Estill County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the seat of its county. Its population was 2,715 at the time of the 2010 census.

Geography
Irvine is located in the center of Estill County at 37.69694°N, -83.96694°W (37.696835, -83.966895). The city limits are on the northeast side of the Kentucky River, and the city is bordered by Ravenna to the southeast. According to the United States Census Bureau, Irvine has a total area of 3.85 km2, of which 3.65 km2 is land and 0.20 km2, or 5.13%, is water.

History

Gen. Green Clay established the town of Irvine on 20.5 acre of his land on January 28, 1812, four years after Estill County was separated from Madison County. It was named for Col. William Irvine, a pioneer settler of Madison County. The post office was established in 1813, and the city was incorporated by the state legislature in 1849.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,843 people, 1,259 households, and 793 families residing in the city. The population density was 1871.7 /sqmi. There were 1,409 housing units at an average density of 927.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.26% White, 0.04% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.04% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population.

There were 1,259 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.82.

22.9% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $20,286, and the median income for a family was $25,046. Males had a median income of $28,988 versus $17,194 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,075. About 20.9% of families and 28.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 22.0% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Major employers include Carhartt. Mercy Health Partners operates Marcum and Wallace Memorial Hospital in Irvine.

Notable People
· Actor Harry Dean Stanton was born in Irvine in 1926.

Education
Irvine has a lending library, the Estill County Public Library.

title: Irvine, Kentucky


text:
Ravenna, Kentucky

Ravenna is a home rule-class city in Estill County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 605 at the 2010 census.

History
The US Federal Census dated 7 Aug,1820 reflects a town located in Estill Co., KY as "Ravenna", but before it was incorporated, Ravenna was known only as "The Village".

The Louisville & Nashville Railroad was responsible for the name of Ravenna, the building of the shops, yard, office building, passenger and freight station, and many other things that were built for the establishment of a railroad terminal in Estill County just east of the county seat, Irvine. After the completion of the terminal in 1915, the county decided it would call it "Ravenna", which stems from the word "ravine". It was reported by early railroad officials that an Italian foreman and interpreter, with a construction crew of approximately 60 Italian men building the railroad yards, requested that the railroad officials name the station in honor of his birthplace, Ravenna, Italy, and it was so granted by the railroad officials in charge of such matters.

A thriving village sprang up in 1915, when the railroad started construction of its shops; and five years later in 1920, Ravenna was incorporated as a 6th-class City by the Estill County Circuit Court.

In 1924 Ravenna was declared a 5th-class city by an act of the Kentucky State Legislature due to an increase in population. This also entitled them to have a mayor, six councilmen and city clerk, and fire and police departments. By this time in its history, Ravenna had become an almost entirely white city. In 1920, hundreds of "black railroad workers were forced to leave their jobs and their community

Ravenna is home of the local VFW Post #8019; a National Guard armory that is home to C Company, 1–149th Infantry (M), 149th BDE; and the Estill County Veterans Memorial in Ravenna's Veterans Memorial Park.

Ravenna Tile

In order to express sympathy following the tornado disaster of June 9, 1961, the Italian city of Ravenna donated a design on a glazed tile to Ravenna, Kentucky. A copy of a Late Antique mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale, the tile depicts Roman Emperor Justinian I with Maximianus, Bishop of Ravenna. The tile is displayed at the city hall.

Geography
Ravenna is located near the center of Estill County at 37.68583°N, -83.95139°W (37.685772, −83.951399), in the valley of the Kentucky River. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of Irvine, the county seat. Kentucky Route 52 passes through Ravenna as Main Street and Third Street, leading east and southeast 24 mi to Beattyville, and leading west 20 mi to Richmond.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Ravenna has a total area of 0.8 km2, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ravenna has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 693 people, 301 households, and 207 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,873.0 PD/sqmi. There were 323 housing units at an average density of 873.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.55% White, 0.58% African American, 0.72% Native American, and 1.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.

There were 301 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.

The median income for a household in the citywas $30,583, and the median income for a family was $33,438. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,089. About 16.0% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.5% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Noted natives

 * Kevin Richardson, member of the Backstreet Boys, attended and graduated Ravenna Elementary School

title: Ravenna, Kentucky


text:
Ewing, Kentucky

Ewing is a home rule-class city in Fleming County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 264 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Ewing is located in western Fleming County. Kentucky Route 165 passes through the community, leading east 2 mi to Elizaville and northwest 4.5 mi to U.S. Route 68. Flemingsburg, the county seat, is 7.5 mi to the east via Route 165 and Kentucky Route 32.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Ewing has a total area of 0.65 km2, all land.

History
In 1871, resident and heir Robert Ewing donated land in order to bring the Maysville and Lexington Railroad to the area. In 1873, the post office was established, with Ewing postmaster, who gave the town his name. The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1979.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 278 people, 107 households, and 78 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,098.0 PD/sqmi. There were 119 housing units at an average density of 470.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 107 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,083, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $27,292 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,991. About 14.0% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.9% of those 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Hobart Freeman, author and charismatic preacher
 * Woodie Fryman, former Major League Baseball pitcher; inductee in the Kentucky sports Hall of Fame

title: Ewing, Kentucky


text:
Flemingsburg, Kentucky

Flemingsburg is a home rule-class city in Fleming County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 2,953 at the 2020 census, up from 2,658 at the 2010 census. It is the seat of Fleming County.

Geography
Flemingsburg is located northwest of the center of Fleming County in northeastern Kentucky, 17 mi south of Maysville, 31 mi northeast of Mt. Sterling, and 38 mi northeast of Paris.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Flemingsburg has a total area of 5.3 km2, of which 0.02 sqkm, or 0.33%, is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Flemingsburg has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

History
Flemingsburg was founded in 1797 by George S. Stockton, a native Virginian, who named the town and county after his half-brother Colonel John Fleming. It has been the seat of Fleming County since its formation and was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1812.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,010 people, 1,294 households, and 821 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,178.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,434 housing units at an average density of 561.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.72% White, 5.05% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.43% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 1,294 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,708, and the median income for a family was $33,365. Males had a median income of $26,550 versus $21,165 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,914. About 15.0% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 26.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Flemingsburg has a lending library, the Fleming County Public Library.

Notable people

 * James J. Andrews, Civil War spy
 * Landaff Andrews, United States Representative
 * Herman Chittison, jazz musician
 * Leander Cox, congressman from Kentucky
 * Willis A. Gorman, Union Army general during the American Civil War, member of U.S. House of Representatives for Indiana, and territorial governor of Minnesota
 * Joseph J. Reynolds, Union Army general
 * Alvin Saunders, United States senator from Nebraska
 * Mary Eulalie Fee Shannon (1824–1855), poet
 * Franklin R. Sousley, one of six men who raised the second American flag on Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima
 * Nelson Stacy, NASCAR and ARCA driver
 * Lawrence S. Trimble, U.S. congressman from Kentucky

title: Flemingsburg, Kentucky


text:
Allen, Kentucky

Allen, also known as Allen City, is a home rule-class city in Floyd County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 193 at the 2010 census, up from 150 at the 2000 census.

History
Allen was first settled in the early 19th century. The first post office was named "Mouth of Beaver" and was established on August 21, 1854 (Thomas P. Johns, postmaster). The town began to develop rapidly c. 1904-1905 after the establishment of a Chesapeake and Ohio Railway station. The station was interchangeably known as "Beaver Creek" and "Beaver Creek Junction". In 1905, another post office opened and was named "Allen" after local resident T.J. Allen. The town was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1913. In 1936, the railroad station was renamed to prevent confusion during mail delivery. An area outside the city limits known as "New Allen" began to develop in 1937 after a bridge was constructed across the Levisa Fork River.

In October 1981, a 70-year-old local miner shot eight people at an auto parts store, killing five and wounding three others. The shooting was reportedly sparked by a dispute with one of the victims.

On June 30, 2022, a mass shooting targeting police officers occurred in Allen. Three police officers and a police dog were killed, and four other people were injured, including three officers. The alleged shooter, 49-year-old Lance Storz, was arrested and charged with murder and attempted murder of a police officer.

Geography
Allen is located north of the center of Floyd County. It sits at the confluence of Beaver Creek with the Levisa Fork, a north-flowing tributary of the Big Sandy River and part of the Ohio River watershed.

U.S. Routes 460 and 23 pass just north of Allen, leading northwest 5 mi to Prestonsburg, the county seat, and southeast 24 mi to Pikeville.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Allen has a total area of 0.5 km2, of which 0.04 sqkm, or 7.06%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 193 people, 67 households residing in the city. There were 67 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 99.48% White, 0.00% African American, 0.00% Hispanic or Latino, 0.00% Asian or Pacific Islander, 0.00% Native American and 0.52% from two or more races.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 63.73% from 18 to 64, and 13.47% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.4 years.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,104, and the median income for a family was $26,875. The per capita income for the city was $13,247. There were 19.7% of the population living below the poverty line.

Education

 * Wesley Christian School
 * Allen Elementary
 * Prestonsburg High School
 * Big Sandy Community & Technical College

Recreation

 * John M. Stumbo Park
 * Paul Hunt Thompson Golf Course

title: Allen, Kentucky