text:
Talk:The Offspring

Singular vs. plural
Any reason why the band is referred to as plural? In American english, entities and groups are singular...i.e. "The Offspring IS" or "The Offspring HAS" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.91.233.5 (talk) 18:59, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Chinese Democracy
Does anyone have a source for the lawsuit threat from the GNR camp? The Offsprings official website says the band chose to change the name themselves after they weren't able to get anything done, no mention of a lawsuit. The Chinese Democracy Wiki page says it was an April Fools joke, everything else I can find online concurs with one of those two statements. Unless someone can find a source more reliable than the bands official website to say there was a lawsuit I'll change it.

(And incidentally is it even possible to copyright an album name?) Danikat (talk) 08:49, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Post-grunge
The Offspring is clearly grunge influenced (loud-soft dynamics, lyrical themes). Post-grunge is a genre that is a more commerical version of grunge.

 * They are grunge influenced but that does not mean they are post-grunge. If you look at popular post-grunge bands, such as: nickelback,creed, papa roach etc. they do not have any musical similarities to the offspring. Also the soucre provided for that claim does not state that they are post-grunge it states that they used a similar formula of grunge music in their earlier work. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.159.227.68 (talk) 01:01, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

They aren't grunge, I mean come on, really? If you actually listen to grunge rather than just go by a text book definition, you'll note that almost all *good* grunge artists (IE not Nickelback) elongated their lyrical speech. The Offspring songs are generally quite quick as far as riffs and lyrics go, so they're definitely more in the Punk scene. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.157.55.2 (talk) 04:52, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Allmusic says they are post-grunge, so lets just go with that. And honestly who cares that much, to remove it every time someone adds it as a genre.Richard.darren (talk) 10:51, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

Where was the band formed?
Huntington Beach? Garden Grove? I can't find sources for either city.Hoponpop69 (talk) 21:18, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

I belivie they were formed in Orange County —Preceding unsigned comment added by Skullbird11 (talk • contribs) 17:29, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

There are from Garden grove, Went to the same high school — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.7.212.141 (talk) 06:47, 30 August 2011 (UTC) I can't see how its ignored that "Self Esteem" catchy start is just a Nirvana "Teen Spirit" knock off? Its never mentioned-even by the band. To me its as if they are going to do a cover of Teen Spirit,then breaks into Self Esteem. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.207.116.55 (talk) 01:28, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

POV
'"Gone Away" appears on Ixnay on the Hombre and is arguably one of the best songs released by Offspring.' Isn't that a very POV statement to make. DavidJJJ (talk) 18:00, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's definitely a POV statement to make. I just removed it. Alex (talk) 19:42, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

whoa
"Many of their songs contain refrains of "whoas""

add self esteem to this list —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.16.160.17 ([[User talk:86.16.160.17|talk- Template:UnsignedIP -->

Why "breakthrough success" should have it's name changed or be split into two sections
Breakthrough implys you all of a sudden breakthrough into the mainstream, you can not be a breakthrough sucess for 8 years, eventually you become an established act. If no one objects I'm going to split this into two sections.Hoponpop69 (talk) 23:15, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

I have no objection Jacknife737 (talk) 19:52, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Genre(s)
I thought The Offspring is Punk rock, Hardcore punk and Alternative rock. I think we should add Hardcore and Alternative in the Infobox.

A new genre can be added to the infobox, as long as there is a source provided. Jacknife737 (talk) 17:36, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I added Alternative rock and Post-grunge because their music is described as both on allmusic.com. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.173.19.156 (talk) 12:16, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

Allmusic is a horrible source. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.110.234.231 (talk) 21:36, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

i agree,if we all relied on allmusic,nearly every band would be 'emo',as well as 'post-grunge'--86.43.213.63 (talk) 12:42, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Concert dates in the main article
There are lots of these under the RAFRAG section; I think they are inappropriate for the main article. There is a Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace Tour page where they are contained so why not keep them there. Is it really necessary to know every single concert that The Offspring plays in?--The Skeleton (talk) 13:04, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

No objections? Then I'll remove most of them and put a link to the tour page.--The Skeleton (talk) 15:25, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

The Offspring is not "post-grunge"... bands like Nickelback, Foo Fighters, 3 Doors Down are post-grunge. However, I believe that where "Pop punk" is, there should be "Alternative rock". Anybody agree? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tanner9461 (talk • contribs) 21:38, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Band Members
I think the table is unnecessary and should be removed, i think the single names of current, former, and tour members is pretty enough... someone deal with this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.230.7.147 (talk) 23:53, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Chris Higgens still a band member.
Chris "X-13" Higgens is still a band member, in the booklet for the Rise and Fall Rage and Grace, on the last page it says that backing vocals by "Higgens (X-13)", thereby that's clarifying that he is still indeed a band member, so it would make no sence to put him under currect muscians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Offspringfan16 (talk • contribs) 03:54, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

He is listed under former touring musicians, as he no longer plays a touring role with the band. Although, i do agree that he is still active with the band. Jacknife737 (talk) 21:03, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

3 Albums' status
This line doesn't make sense: "The band's next three albums, Ixnay on the Hombre, Americana and Conspiracy of One, were also successful, reaching platinum certification and gold status respectively.[12][13]"

There's a list of three items then 2 qualifiers listed as "respectively". The number of items in the lists doesn't match, making the statement ambiguous. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Theeldest (talk • contribs) 19:21, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I just read that too. So, which were platinum, and which gold? Needs to be rewritten.Yobmod (talk) 09:57, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I have re-phrased it. All actually achieved platinum status according to the RIAA site, with Americana reaching 4x platinum, so I put that in too. Feel free to clarify things yourselves in future with the sources provided and fix the article. It's what wikipedia is all about! Nouse4aname (talk) 10:56, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

"Rise anf Fall, Rage and Grace" singles
Isn't "Stuff is Messed Up" also a single? At least, they relased a video for this song. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.27.46.89 (talk) 06:54, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

Pop Punk
If you look at the Wiki Pages for Pop Punk and Punk Rock, you will see that Offspring more closely meets the definition of Pop Punk than Punk Rock.. Really, the only true punk rockers were certain bands that defined and played punk rock in the mid to late 70s.. Any bands calling themselves punk after that time period are just doing so in an attempt to give themselves a degree of credibility with their fans.

I encourage everyone who cares about the integrity of wiki articles to watch out for editors like Alex101 who treat band articles like their own private fan page. I made a change to the main article to call Offspring a Pop Punk band instead of a Punk Rock band and Alex101 changed it back the next day giving the argument "they are a punk band".. 71.182.247.167 (talk) 15:43, 7 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed. There is no shame in being a pop punk band. That is what they are and it cannot be denied. However, such genres are particularly contentious amongst editors that are offended by their favourite band being labeled as such, so it is important to provide reliable sources when stating such facts. The warnings to "not change genres without discussion on the talk page" are not enforceable. Essentially, anything that can be well referenced and adheres to a neutral point of view can and should be included. Nouse4aname (talk) 08:49, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Disagree....you don't have to like the 2nd/3rd wave punk bands from the mid to late 80s, but they are punk. They followed punk, played punk shows/venues, etc... I personally met the offspring and drove them to a party in Vegas around 1987-88. Anybody that was punk during that era before punk became "mainstream" knows how anemic the genre had gotten and there were few bands left that were punk. It had gotten to be fairly underground and ignored. The Offspring come out and really brought an old-school TSOL sound with them. Sure it was more refined and I guess "pop" sounding...but they were nothing but punk rock.

 * By the way...this article says that the Offspring, Green Day and Rancid were credited with making punk mainstream. I agree partially with that. In reality though, the real credit is to the energy of the East Bay punk scene that had a rippling effect around the world (Crimpshrine, Isocracy, OPIV, Gilman St., Lookout Records, Maximum RnR, etc.... )...that and the professionalism and polished sound of Bad Religion and Epitaph Records.  I personally remember it well, and feel that Bad Religion getting back together/Epitaph  and the East Bay/NorCal punk scene is what is responsible for creating the energy back in punk that got the mainstream's attention. These bands were just bi-products of that.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Unlvrebelx (talk • contribs) 19:47, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Punk Rock
The Offspring's discogrpahy is overwhelming composed of punk rock songs. Punk Rock is still the primary influence in their newest albums. For what reason would they be considered more rock than punk rock or pop punk?
 * Because like Green Day, they are in fact Glam Rock? Sign you fucking comments. 75.172.11.5 (talk) 01:52, 25 June 2014 (UTC)

Punk rock
I also think that the band's genre should be punk rock instead of simply rock. They started playing melodic hardcore and skate punk, and in their last works the predominant genre is punk rock, along with some pop punk songs. I agree they've played several kinds of rock, such as grunge (Self-steem, Dirty Magic or Vultures), alternative rock or ska punk (Why don't you get a job?, The Worst Hangover Ever, for example), and even surf rock (Come Out And Play); but most of their songs are punk rock, skate punk, pop punk and melodic hardcore. The fact that they experimented with other genres doesn't mean they are not punks any more, and they still critize society. They also have joined many punk projects, such as punk-o-rama or Oi!: sound of the UK; and some of their songs reflect their condition (100 Punks). In some interviews they've been called punk rock, and even they call theirselves punk rock.

That's why I think that Offspring is punk rock, and not only rock.

Eastern influence
The band has a very good degree of influence by Oriental Music. Well, shouldn't the details be included in the influences?Muthuppattar (talk) 09:51, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

Punk Rock?
On search engines such as Yahoo, when you find the official Offspring site by searching for it, you see this message under the link to the official site: "The Offspring - The official web site of the Southern California punk band."

Source: http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=offspring&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF-8&fr=yfp-t-701 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.44.92.184 (talk) 21:31, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

 * What they call themselves for promotional and ego reasons does not actually always equate to what in fact they are, which is a "Glam Rock" band like Green Day. Seriously, punk? Nope, not by 27.3 miles. 75.172.11.5 (talk) 01:54, 25 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Glam rock? lol no. -Disco dude rock (talk) 17:08, 25 June 2014 (UTC)

Ninth Studio Album Page?
Do anyone else think it's time to make an article on the ninth studio with the amount of information gathered so far?

No mention at all about the various included voices throughout the albums
There is no mention regarding to Jason "Blackball" McLean ("You gotta keep 'em seperated" and "Mota"), John Mayer (Intermissions and random speech) and Calvert DeForest, Larry "Bud" Melman (hidden track on Ixnay, one liners on Americana)

This is not very well known; name do not appear on album covers, and Google does not give it up easily. (With much thanks to UhhOhh and ToNkA.)

Bushy555 (talk) 06:38, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

I feel they should be added on the album pages, but not the main band page. Of course, you will need sources to cite from. Skullbird11 (talk) 13:32, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Heavy focus on recent years
It's kind of odd that there is way more about what the band has been doing in the last three years than about everything they did before 2000, the years of their formation and greatest success. Shouldn't the focus be on the period when the band was at the height of its influence? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.206.151.130 (talk) 04:23, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
 * ALSO-Why is it never mentioned that "Self Esteem" starts as almost a direct steal of Nirvana's "Smells like Teen Spirit"?..it almost mocks the song. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.207.116.55 (talk) 20:40, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Because we don't have a reliable source making that claim. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 23:48, 22 October 2012 (UTC)
 * "Smells like Teen Spirit" is in the key of F natural minor with a i-iv-♭III-♭VI chord structure. "Self Esteem" is in the key of C major with a vi-IV-I-V chord structure. They might sound similar to you, but they are not musically similar.Phil Meltzer (talk) 20:41, 16 July 2019 (UTC)
 * different key, sure but the structure and dynamics are very recognizable as a blatant intentional use of a successful style and format. Youtube has dozens of videos poiting out this copycat action, plus Gone Away borrowing from tears for fears song mad world. Are youtube analysis not yet considered decent references to cite? 50.34.176.137 (talk) 22:46, 28 February 2022 (UTC)dude
 * No, and most of them will never be. They are just random people without credentials that back them up. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 03:09, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140407095210/http://www.mydesert.com/article/20110314/LIFESTYLES01/110314022/1050/lifestyles01/Desert-Rock-IPAC-close-European-festival-style-show to http://www.mydesert.com/article/20110314/LIFESTYLES01/110314022/1050/lifestyles01/Desert-Rock-IPAC-close-European-festival-style-show
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Associated acts
How are any of these bands considered to be associated acts? Any objections to the entire section being deleted? Phil Meltzer (talk) 20:08, 16 July 2019 (UTC)

Editing Error
In the section The Offspring and Ignition, looks like an editing error at the end of the section has left the sentence unfinished. SquashEngineer (talk) 17:23, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

Pete Parada fired?
The article and the Pete Parada article have been substantially edited to reflect that Parada is no longer a member of The Offspring citing an article on Blabbermouth. Whilst the headline for that article says he was "fired", the article is largely quoting his instagram story which is to the effect that he won't be appearing in the upcoming tour. It isn't clear from the instagram story or the article whether he has been fired or whether he is just missing the tour. Mainstream articles have avoided saying that he is fired. e.g. BBC News says "Parada joined the group in 2007 and it is not clear whether he has now left permanently." and Kerrang says "It’s not clear yet whether this is just a temporary hiatus, though Pete says he is “in the midst of launching a project and releasing some music with my daughter”".

I think the article ought to reflect that he has been dropped from the tour but that it isn't yet clear whether he is going to remain a member of the band.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-58085459 https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/pete-parada-dropped-from-offspring-for-not-getting-covid-19-vaccine/ Irony88421 (talk) 16:23, 4 August 2021 (UTC)

It is quite obvious that he was fired. It is also well known that he didn't simply refuse to get vaccinated. Parada has a history of Guillan Barrè Syndrome and was advised by his doctors NOT to get vaccinated. It is important, when making medical decisions, to listen to the medical professionals familiar with your particular medical history and to simply state that he refused vaccination without that context SHOULD fall under the rules about maligning an individual in biographical articles.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2021-08-04/offspring-drummer-pete-parada-cut-loose-over-lack-of-covid19-vaccination https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-9859483/Offspring-drummer-Pete-Parada-BOOTED-band-not-getting-COVID-19-vaccination.html https://6abc.com/offspring-drummer-pete-parada-guillain-barre-syndrome-band/10929595/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:6C60:4F7F:F2FF:7502:1D9D:BE74:C484 (talk) 12:25, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

Request for Comment
Should the lead call The Offspring a "rock band" or a "punk rock band"? Sincerely, Key of G Minor. Tools: (talk, contribs) 16:41, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Punk rock I normally say that there is no right/wrong answer when the genre is in question, but Punk Rock seems overwhelming.  This RFC appears to be in two places. North8000 (talk) 20:33, 27 June 2023 (UTC)
 * punk rock—I don't think it would questionable to simply call them a rock band. But "punk rock" is certainly appropriate and general enough. That's what they're known for, and that descriptor covers most of their catalog. Pillowcrow (talk) 23:15, 30 June 2023 (UTC)
 * It should reflect the body, which currently points to "punk rock". Key of G Minor, why do you think it should be "rock band"? CurryCity (talk) 17:56, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
 * While I believe that they are a punk band, I believe that, unless there is no other applicable genre (i.e. Sex Pistols, NOFX, Bad Religion), the lead genre should be as general as possible. Also, I heard someone argue that "all of their genres are punk rock or punk rock-influenced", but that's the case with Green Day and blink-182. Sincerely, Key of G Minor. Tools: (talk, contribs) 18:35, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Reformatted RfC question to be concise SWinxy (talk) 13:53, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Punk rock - Since they are known for punk rock and the body of the article infers that they are a punk rock band, this description of their band is appropriate. Pickalittletalkalittle (talk) 18:46, 20 July 2023 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
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Move discussion in progress
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Semi-protected edit request on 29 November 2023
I want to ask if i can add Jonah Nimoy to the official member list. Because he now also appears along the other offical members. 194.171.154.136 (talk) 10:05, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

 * On List of members of the Offspring, he appears as a touring musician. Do you have reliable sources that state he is a full member? Liu1126 (talk) 10:20, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * On his Instagram bio he stated he is a multi instrumental dude for the Offspring but not as a Touring member. 194.171.154.136 (talk) 10:37, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Instagram is not a reliable source as it is a WP:UGC. Also noting that the List of members of the Offspring uses Twitter as the source for Jonah Nimoy's inclusion, so I removed his information there per WP:RSPX and WP:SELFSOURCE. Liu1126 (talk) 10:49, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I got this article in which is stated Jonah Nimoy is indeed part an official member now. https://starmus.com/person/the-offspring 86.92.93.146 (talk) 13:32, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Jonathan Deamer (talk) 13:23, 17 December 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 June 2024
Change Garden Grove, Ca to Huntington Beach, Ca 156.146.199.216 (talk) 04:41, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Charliehdb (talk) 09:18, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Offspring


text:
Talk:Offspring

Style changes?
This article about Offspring seems very vague and unformatted. When searching for the band "The Offspring", this page confused me for a moment before I found the link. I will edit it when I have some time.
 * I agree. I hope to edit it when I have time too. There's a lot that can be improved. SamanthaG (talk) 22:55, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

Just a definition?
I'm not sure that this article is anything more than a definition, and unsuited to Wikipedia per WP:WINAD. ENeville 04:53, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * This is a debate that needs to be had. The sooner the better in my humble opinion. Not just about this article, but many many others.SamanthaG (talk) 22:58, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

Question
Can I please add those 2 video game pictures in the article, please? User talk:Fangusu 19:52, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Those images are not appropriate for an article based on biology. It's not even explicitly stated that the enemies you're adding are the offspring of each other. Doctorfluffy (robe and wizard hat) 15:39, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Not to mention, those are copyrighted images and there is no valid fair use for them in this article. --Icarus (Hi!) 19:45, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The standard for including copyright images tends to be higher. SamanthaG (talk) 13:35, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

List
I'm editing this page for a biology project but I'm unsure of things I can add, does anyone have any ideas as to what I can do to try and make it better? I was thinking about listing differents names for offspring of different species. Any thoughts? Does anyone even use this page anymore? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jstirn (talk • contribs) 18:51, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

Often garbled and incoherent
Much of this article is on grammatical and badly written, perhaps badly translated (from another wiki?). I can edit text to be grammatical, but only if I understand what it means. How about this partial paragraph?:
 * The offspring of an individual contains many parts and properties that are very precise and accurate in what they consist of, and thus what they define for. As the offspring of a new species, also known as a child or f1 generation, consist of genes of the father and the mother, which is also known as the parent generation. Each of these offspring contains numerous genes which have coding for specific tasks and properties.

As biology, this is clumsy and awkward. As English prose… Look at that second sentence. It's not a sentence!
 * As the offspring of a new species,
 * [also known as a child or f1 generation,]
 * consist of genes of the father and the mother,
 * [which is also known as the parent generation].

Removing the non-restrictive modifying clauses, we get:
 * As the offspring of a new species consist of genes of the father and the mother.

... Ye-es? So... what then? And what is "The offspring of a new species"? All this applies to the offspring of any sexually reproducing pair. --Thnidu (talk) 21:21, 24 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Almost a decade later I came to this talk page to say this exact thing. I have no idea what many sentences in this article are trying to express. 2603:7080:B63F:F95F:6508:FD6D:28BE:A5D0 (talk) 03:17, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Offspring


text:
Communes of the Ardennes department

The following is a list of the 448 communes of the Ardennes department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
 * Communauté d'agglomération Ardenne Métropole
 * Communauté de communes Ardenne rives de Meuse
 * Communauté de communes Ardennes Thiérache
 * Communauté de communes de l'Argonne Ardennaise
 * Communauté de communes des Crêtes Préardennaises
 * Communauté de communes du Pays Rethélois
 * Communauté de communes des Portes du Luxembourg
 * Communauté de communes Vallées et Plateau d'Ardenne

title: Communes of the Ardennes department


text:
Talk:University of Nottingham

Couple of changes
I have moved the pic of the downs to the bottom of the page as it was causeing a gap to appear between paragraphs. I have also included the name 'London University' in the info box so people reailise that it was a university prior to 1948.

Article Tone
Aside from a few controversies at the bottom, this article feels more like something written by Nottingham's PR department than a wikipedia or other encyclopedia article. The article is full of unverifiable value statements and PR-style text. Nottingham is "leading". A recent architect who designed buildings for Nottingham is "great". "Nottingham's research excellence was confirmed". "Family-friendly". "Unique". "a year-round programme of high quality". "prized and unique". "hospitality spaces specifically designed to be flexible enough for a variety of needs.". Obviously, any good article should express the positive aspects of its subject, but this article seems more like propaganda than an encyclopedia article. Other top world university pages are generally written in a more neutral fashion. -- July 5, 2009

Change of VC
The University of Nottingham's Vice-Chancellor changes on 2 October; this is already the subject of a cited statement in the existing article.

I have a COI here as the University is my employer (and I am therefore making this an edit request).

Changes would be needed in three places:
 * 1) The fact file
 * 2) The 'people' section at the foot of the page, where the link to the wikipedia page on Sir David Greenaway can be replaced with a link to that relating to Shearer West
 * 3) In the paragraph headed "Governance", the final two sentences can be replaced by "In October 2017, Shearer West was announced as the next Vice-Chancellor, succeeding David Greenaway [35].  (The existing citation can remain as evidence pending updates of the University website).

 * I will make the changes after 2nd October, remind me if I forget. You can ping me on this talk page using Aloneinthewild (talk) 09:32, 30 September 2017 (UTC)

- thanks for your help -  I know it's only just after 2 October, but can I check you haven't forgotten? David Aldred (talk) 08:37, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Looking at it now, thanks for the ping. Aloneinthewild (talk) 17:53, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

Correction to 'Other campuses' section
I have a COI: I am employed by UoN (not a PR role)

In the section 'Other campuses' the statement

"The campus is centred on the historic manor of Sutton Bonington and, like University Park campus, retains many of its own private botanic gardens and lakes open only to its students."

This is incorrect, the university has a public access policy see https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/sustainability/grounds/friendsofuniversitypark.aspx

Suggested modification replace above with: "The campus is centred on the historic manor of Sutton Bonington and retains many of its own botanic gardens and lakes" Cirrus222 (talk) 21:24, 7 February 2018 (UTC)

 * ✅   Spintendo  ᔦᔭ   03:16, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:52, 22 May 2020 (UTC)
 * University of Nottingham coat of arms.png

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:37, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Shield of the University of Nottingham.svg

Addressing Controversy Centricity Issues.
I removed biased and non-neutral content from a Wikipedia page. It’s important to discuss the inclusion of controversy sections as there are no strict rules governing this. Removing sections is appropriate if they are inaccurate, biased, unsourced, or violate Wikipedia's content policies. When discussing controversies, it's crucial to maintain balance and completeness in the article. Selectively including certain controversies while excluding others can lead to a skewed representation. The focus should be on ensuring accuracy, verifiability, and contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the topic. 89.243.150.147 (talk) 14:44, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:University of Nottingham


text:
Talk:Nottingham University

Grr. Why was this moved to Nottingham University? Its name is the University of Nottingham - Khendon 12:23 Sep 30, 2002 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nottingham University


text:
Scam

A scam, or a confidence trick, is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their trust. Confidence tricks exploit victims using a combination of the victim's credulity, naïveté, compassion, vanity, confidence, irresponsibility, and greed. Researchers have defined confidence tricks as "a distinctive species of fraudulent conduct ... intending to further voluntary exchanges that are not mutually beneficial", as they "benefit con operators ('con men') at the expense of their victims (the 'marks')".

Terminology
Other terms for scam (aside from confidence trick) include con, con game, confidence game, confidence scheme, ripoff, stratagem, finesse, grift, hustle, bunko (or bunco), swindle, flimflam, gaffle, and bamboozle. The perpetrator is often referred to as a scammer, confidence man (or con man), con artist, grifter, hustler, or swindler. The intended victims are known as marks, suckers, stooges, mugs, rubes, or gulls (from the word gullible). When accomplices are employed, they are known as shills.

Length
A short con or "small con" is a fast swindle which takes just minutes, possibly seconds. It typically aims to rob the victim of his money or other valuables which they carry on their person or are guarding. A "long con" or "big con" (also, chiefly ) is a scam that unfolds over several days or weeks; it may involve a team of swindlers, and even props, sets, extras, costumes, and scripted lines. It aims to rob the victim of a huge amount of money or other valuables, often by getting them to empty out banking accounts and borrow from family members.

History
The shell game dates back at least to Ancient Greece. William Thompson (1821–1856) was the original "confidence man". Thompson was a clumsy swindler who asked his victims to express confidence in him by giving him money or their watch rather than gaining their confidence in a more nuanced way. A few people trusted Thompson with their money and watches. Thompson was arrested in July 1849. Reporting about this arrest, James Houston, a reporter for the New York Herald, publicized Thompson by naming him the "Confidence Man". Although Thompson was an unsuccessful scammer, he gained the reputation as a genius operator mostly because Houston's satirical tone was not understood as such. The National Police Gazette coined the term "confidence game" a few weeks after Houston first used the name "confidence man".

Stages
In Confessions of a Confidence Man, Edward H. Smith lists the "six definite steps or stages of growth" of a confidence game. He notes that some steps may be omitted. It is also possible some can be done in a different order than the one shown or carried out simultaneously.

 * Foundation work
 * Preparations are made in advance of the game, including the hiring of any assistants required and studying the background knowledge needed for the role.

 * Approach
 * The victim is approached or contacted.

 * Build-up
 * The victim is given an opportunity to profit from participating in a scheme. The victim's greed is encouraged, such that their rational judgment of the situation might be impaired.

 * Pay-off or convincer
 * The victim receives a small payout as a demonstration of the scheme's purported effectiveness. This may be a real amount of money or faked in some way (including physically or electronically). In a gambling con, the victim is allowed to win several small bets. In a stock market con, the victim is given fake dividends.

 * The "hurrah"
 * A sudden manufactured crisis or change of events forces the victim to act or make a decision immediately. This is the point at which the con succeeds or fails. With a financial scam, the con artist may tell the victim that the "window of opportunity" to make a large investment in the scheme is about to suddenly close forever.

 * The in-and-in
 * A conspirator (in on the con, but assumes the role of an interested bystander) puts an amount of money into the same scheme as the victim, to add an appearance of legitimacy. This can reassure the victim, and give the con man greater control when the deal has been completed.

In addition, some games require a "corroboration" step, particularly those involving a fake, but purportedly "rare item" of "great value". This usually includes the use of an accomplice who plays the part of an uninvolved (initially skeptical) third party, who later confirms the claims made by the con man.

Vulnerability factors
Confidence tricks exploit characteristics such as greed, dishonesty, vanity, opportunism, lust, compassion, credulity, irresponsibility, desperation, and naïvety. As such, there is no consistent profile of a confidence trick victim; the common factor is simply that the victim relies on the good faith of the con artist. Victims of investment scams tend to show an incautious level of greed and gullibility, and many con artists target the elderly and other people thought to be vulnerable, using various forms of confidence tricks. Researchers Huang and Orbach argue: "Cons succeed for inducing judgment errors—chiefly, errors arising from imperfect information and cognitive biases. In popular culture and among professional con men, the human vulnerabilities that cons exploit are depicted as 'dishonesty', 'greed', and 'gullibility' of the marks. Dishonesty, often represented by the expression 'you can't cheat an honest man', refers to the willingness of marks to participate in unlawful acts, such as rigged gambling and embezzlement. Greed, the desire to 'get something for nothing', is a shorthand expression of marks' beliefs that too-good-to-be-true gains are realistic. Gullibility reflects beliefs that marks are 'suckers' and 'fools' for entering into costly voluntary exchanges. Judicial opinions occasionally echo these sentiments."

Online fraud
Fraud has rapidly adapted to the Internet. The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) of the FBI received 847,376 reports in 2021 with a reported loss of money of $6.9 billion in the US alone. The Global Anti Scam Alliance annual Global State of Scam Report, stated that globally $47.8 billion was lost and the number of reported scams increased from 139 million in 2019 to 266 million in 2020.

Government organizations have set up online fraud reporting websites to build awareness about online scams and help victims make reporting of online fraud easier. Examples are in the United States (FBI IC3, Federal Trade Commission), Australia (ScamWatch ACCC), Singapore (ScamAlert ), United Kingdom (ActionFraud), Netherlands (FraudeHelpdesk ). In addition, several private, non-profit initiatives have been set up to combat online fraud like AA419 (2004), APWG (2004) and ScamAdviser (2012).

title: Scam


text:
Communes of the Ariège department

The following is a list of the 326 communes of the Ariège department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
 * Communauté d'agglomération Pays Foix-Varilhes
 * Communauté de communes Arize Lèze
 * Communauté de communes Couserans-Pyrénées
 * Communauté de communes de la Haute-Ariège
 * Communauté de communes du Pays de Mirepoix
 * Communauté de communes du Pays d'Olmes
 * Communauté de communes du Pays de Tarascon
 * Communauté de communes des Portes d'Ariège Pyrénées

title: Communes of the Ariège department


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Chichester Cathedral

Chichester Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Chichester. It is located in Chichester, in West Sussex, England. It was founded as a cathedral in 1075, when the seat of the bishop was moved from Selsey.

Chichester Cathedral has fine architecture in both the Norman and the Gothic styles, and has been described by the architectural critic Ian Nairn as "the most typical English Cathedral". Despite this, Chichester has two architectural features that are unique among England's medieval cathedrals—a free-standing medieval bell tower (or campanile) and double aisles. The cathedral contains two rare medieval sculptures, and many modern art works including tapestries, stained glass and sculpture, many of these commissioned by Walter Hussey (Dean, 1955–1977).

The city of Chichester, though it retains two main cross streets laid out by the Romans, has always been small enough for the city's entire population to fit inside the cathedral at once, causing Daniel Defoe to comment: "I cannot say much of Chichester, in which, if six or seven good families were removed, there would not be much conversation, except what is to be found among the canons, and the dignitaries of the cathedral."

The spire of Chichester Cathedral, rising above its green copper roof, is the third tallest in England and acts as a landmark for travellers. It is the only spire from a medieval English cathedral that is visible from the sea.

History
Chichester Cathedral was built to replace the cathedral founded in 681 by St Wilfrid for the South Saxons at Selsey. The seat of the bishop was transferred in 1075.

It was consecrated in 1108 under bishop Ralph de Luffa. An early addition was the Chapel of Saint Pantaleon off the south transept (now the Canons' Vestry), probably begun just before an 1187 fire which burnt out the cathedral and destroyed much of the town. That fire necessitated a substantial rebuilding, which included refacing the nave and replacing the destroyed wooden ceiling with the present stone vault, possibly by Walter of Coventry. The cathedral was reconsecrated in 1199.

In the 13th century, the central tower was completed, the Norman apsidal eastern end rebuilt with a Lady chapel and a row of chapels added on each side of the nave, forming double aisles such as are found on many French cathedrals. The spire was completed about 1402 and a free-standing bell tower constructed to the north of the west end.

In 1262, Richard de la Wyche, who was bishop from 1245 to 1253, was canonised as Saint Richard of Chichester. His shrine made the cathedral a place of pilgrimage. The shrine was ordered to be destroyed in 1538 during the first stages of the English Reformation. In 1642 the cathedral came under siege by Parliamentary troops. The towers at Chichester have had a particularly unfortunate history because of subsidence, which explains the positioning of the 15th century bell tower at some distance from the cathedral. The south-west tower of the façade collapsed in 1210 and was rebuilt. The north-west tower collapsed in 1635 and was not rebuilt until 1901. The masonry spire was built in the 14th century and was repaired in the 17th century by Christopher Wren.

The tower survived a lightning strike in 1721. During the 18th century various works are recorded including repairs to the upper part of the spire after the lightning strike. However the cathedral was in a poor state of repair. A restoration programme was begun starting in 1812 and in 1829 the cathedral was closed for several months while major repairs and improvements were carried out. George Chandler became dean in 1832 and continued with the restoration, the sub-deanery was removed to a brand new church, a project completed by Walter Hook who took over as dean in 1849. Then on 21 February 1861, the cathedral spire telescoped in on itself, without loss of life. Works in the cathedral had included the removal of a stone screen (known as the Arundel screen) that separated the choir from the nave. There was some discussion that its removal had caused the collapse of the spire. A more likely cause was thought to be that the spire's foundations had been subject to subsidence over the years and had become detached from the tower, leaving the tower freestanding; also that the rubble cores of the columns holding the spire had become dust. Thus a weakened tower collapsed in the face of high winds. The collapse had apparently inpired J. Meade Falkner to write his novel The Nebuly Coat.

A fund was set up to raise the £48,000 needed for the rebuilding, and the contributors included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. A replica of the old tower and spire was rebuilt along the original lines by George Gilbert Scott from drawings which had been made by Joseph Butler, architect to the fabric (1847–1888). The construction was raised by about 6 feet, by Scott and was completed in five years. It now rises to a height of 82 metre. The rubble from the original spire was used to construct the former West Ashling Congregational Chapel.

In 2008, the cathedral community celebrated the 900th anniversary of the building's consecration. Rowan Williams, then Archbishop of Canterbury, was invited to preach at a festival eucharist and dedicate the new guest house, which was originally named after Bishop George Bell.

Architecture

Typically for English cathedrals, Chichester has had a long and varied building history marked by a number of disasters. The architectural history of the building is revealed in its fabric because the builders of different periods constructed in different styles and with changing technology. Both inside and outside portions of the original Norman cathedral can be distinguished from the later Gothic work by the massive construction and round-topped windows. Different Gothic styles from the late 12th century through to the 15th can also be identified.

The plan of Chichester is in the shape of a cross, with an aisled nave and choir, crossed by a transept. In typically English manner, the eastern end of the building is long by comparison with the nave, is square ended and has a projecting Lady chapel. Also typically English is the arrangement of paired towers on the western front, and a taller central tower over the crossing. Its plan is unusual for England in having double aisles. Chichester has a cloister on the south side of the building.

Chichester is small for a Norman cathedral when compared to Winchester Cathedral, Ely and Peterborough. Much of the original Norman construction remains in the nave, transept, crossing and adjacent bays of the choir. The elevation rises in the usual three stages of arcade, gallery and clerestory. It is similar to remaining Norman work at Winchester, where the arcade is proportionally low, and rests on solid piers rather than columns. In the gallery above, each wide space is divided into two by a colonnettes in a manner typical of Romanesque architecture.

After the fire of 1187, the clerestory was rebuilt and the entire building given a ribbed vault. The eastern end was extended from the round ambulatory to form a square retrochoir or presbytery with lancet windows in a style that is transitional between Norman and Gothic. The newer arcades and the clerestory maintain the round arches of the earlier Norman architecture. The vault is in the Early English Gothic style, supported externally by flying buttresses and large terminal pinnacles at the eastern end. At this time the entire interior was refurbished, much of it being refaced with ashlar masonry. Each pier was decorated with delicate shafts of dark Purbeck marble with foliate capitals, contrasting with the squat cushion capitals of the limestone shafts. The entire programme of work was probably directed by Walter of Coventry. The nave was later divided from the choir by an elegant Perpendicular screen or pulpitum with three arched openings, called the Arundel Screen, which was removed in the mid 19th century but reinstated in 1961.

The design of the central tower, faithfully reproduced by George Gilbert Scott, was of the Early English style, having on each side two tall pairs of openings, surrounded by deep mouldings.

The original spire, which also was of masonry rather than of sheathed wood, was built in the late 14th century, by John Mason (died ca 1403), who also built the Vicars' Hall. The style and construction of the spire are obviously based on that of Salisbury Cathedral but it is not as ambitiously tall, probably because of the problem of subsidence. At 277 ft (84 m) high, it is the fourth tallest cathedral spire in the UK after Salisbury, Norwich and Coventry. The Lady chapel, constructed to the east of the retro-choir, is a long narrow space, with large windows in the Decorated Gothic style of the late 13th century.

The other buildings related to the cathedral are the free-standing bell-tower of the early 15th century, probably the work of William Wynford who also designed the cloisters, with openings in the Perpendicular style. St Mary's Almshouses in Chichester, which are linked to the cathedral, is a Christian charity dating from the 13th century. The medieval Hospital, associated with the Alms House, is one of only two such buildings in the world, the other being in Germany.

Treasures

The cathedral has many treasures and artworks, the most precious being two carved reliefs dating from the 12th century which are of exceptional rarity among English sculpture. Other ancient treasures include the remains of a Roman mosaic pavement, which can be viewed through a glass window, and a set of thirty-eight medieval misericords, dating from 1330, which remain beneath the seats of the choir, despite the fact that other parts of the choir stalls are largely a Victorian reconstruction.

Among the famous graves are those of the composer Gustav Holst and the Gothic "Arundel tomb", showing the recumbent Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel (1313–1376), holding hands with his second wife, Eleanor of Lancaster (1318–1372). The tomb was celebrated in the poem "An Arundel Tomb" by Philip Larkin. Also resting there is Joan de Vere, grandmother of Richard FitzAlan, who died in 1293. She, as was her grandson, was first buried at Lewes Priory, but their tombs were relocated to Chichester at the time of the dissolution.

The cathedral contains many modern works of art, including tapestries by John Piper and Ursula Benker-Schirmer, a window by Marc Chagall, a painting by Graham Sutherland (Noli me Tangere), a sculpture and a font by John Skelton and a reredos for the St John the Baptist's Chapel by Patrick Procktor. Outside the cathedral stands a bronze statue of St Richard of Chichester by Philip Jackson.

The cathedral also contains a pennant presented by Francis Chichester, which hung on his ship when he circumnavigated the globe.

Dean and chapter
There is currently no Dean of Chichester, since 1 April 2023. Canon Simon Holland will be the Interim Dean from 30 April 2023.

The Dr Jack Dunn and Vanessa Baron are Canon Precentor and Canon Treasurer respectively, both installed on 26 September 2021.

The Canon Chancellor is Dr Daniel Inman, installed on 6 October 2019.

Lay members of the chapter include Howard Castle-Smith, Anita Rolls and Duncan Irvine.

Robert Sherburne, the Bishop of Chichester, founded four prebends known as the Wiccamical prebends in 1524.

Music
The music at Chichester Cathedral is largely led by the organ and the cathedral choir, as there are services daily and on special days in the calendar. Outside the regular services the cathedral also supports all kinds of music both religious and secular. Visiting choirs, who come from the diocese's parishes and elsewhere, sing in the cathedral from time to time. It is common for guest choirs to sing at Evensong during the week.

The cathedral hosts a variety of concerts that, along with those in the evening, includes a popular series of free lunchtime concerts. It provides a venue for visiting artists from across the world as well as those who are locally based, such as the Chichester Singers, who although an independent organisation, have since their formation in 1954, performed all their major concerts in the cathedral.

Organs and organists

There has been organ music at Chichester Cathedral almost continuously since the medieval period, with a break during the Commonwealth. There are now five pipe organs of different sizes and styles at Chichester Cathedral, with pipes of the Main Organ dating to the Restoration, the Hurd Organ to the late 18th century and the three most recent organs, the Nave Organ, the Walker Organ, which is a small portable organ in the Baroque style, and the Allen Organ, an early example of a digital electronic organ, dating to the late 20th century.

Several well-known composers, including Thomas Weelkes and John Reading, have served as cathedral organist. Anne Maddocks (assistant organist, 1942–1949) was the first woman in the country to hold such a post in a cathedral, and Sarah Baldock (organist and master of the choristers, 2008–2014) was the second woman to hold the most senior musical post in a Church of England cathedral.

The current organist and master of the choristers is Charles Harrison. The assistant organist is Timothy Ravalde.

Cathedral choir
Chichester Cathedral Choir consists of eighteen choristers and four probationers, all of whom are educated at the Prebendal School (which sits adjacent to the Cathedral precinct and is the Cathedral Choir School), and six lay vicars, who are professional musicians.

During school term the cathedral choir sing at eight services each week. As well as singing, choristers learn the piano and an orchestral instrument, spending at least eighteen hours a week on musical performance.

The choir regularly tours abroad and in recent years has visited France and Northern Bavaria (Bamberg, Bayreuth, Nuremberg and Würzburg) and makes frequent visits to Chartres. In 2005, the choir made a tour to South Africa.

Art and popular culture
The cathedral has been the subject of a number of depictions in art, literature, and television media. Its spire and towers are visible in the 1828 painting, Chichester Canal, by J. M. W. Turner. It is also speculated, by Eric Shanes, that Chichester Cathedral is the subject of one of Turner's colour studies for Picturesque Views in England and Wales. In 1833, Joseph Francis Gilbert produced an oil painting of the cathedral, showing the surrounding cityscape. It was collected by Paul Mellon and gifted to the Yale Center for British Art, which he established, in 1966. John Constable completed his own watercolour of the cathedral in 1824, now located in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Leonard Bernstein's Chichester Psalms was commissioned for the 1965 Southern Cathedrals Festival at Chichester Cathedral by the cathedral's Dean, Walter Hussey, although the premiere of the piece was in New York City.

The building and grounds are occasionally used as a film location. Credits include Rumpole of the Bailey (s05e03) as "Lawnchester Cathedral", The Ruth Rendell Mysteries (s10e08) as "Marchester Cathedral", and Rosemary & Thyme (s03e02) as "Wellminster Cathedral".

Chichester Cathedral is referenced in s01e10 of Monty Python's Flying Circus: one of Ron Obvious's tasks to gain public fame involves eating the cathedral. He is shown brushing his teeth, putting on a bib, and flexing his jaws, before biting into the corner of the cathedral and breaking his jaw.

Wildlife
The cathedral is a nesting site for peregrine falcons, which use a crenellated turret at the base of the spire. Three female and one male chick were hatched in April 2009. During the nesting season live video of the chicks is shown inside the cathedral and on the website.

title: Chichester Cathedral


text:
Verdun

Verdun (, ,  , ; official name before 1970: Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city in the Meuse department in Grand Est, northeastern France. It is an arrondissement of the department.

Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital of the department is Bar-le-Duc, which is slightly smaller than Verdun. It is well known for giving its name to the longest battle in modern history in the First World War.

Geography
Verdun is situated on both banks of the river Meuse, in the northern part of the Meuse department. It is connected by rail to Jarny. The A4 autoroute Paris–Metz–Strasbourg passes south of the town.

History
Verdun (Verodunum, a latinisation of a place name meaning "strong fort" in Gaulish) was founded by the Gauls. It has been the seat of the bishop of Verdun since the 4th century, with interruptions. In 486, following the decisive Frankish victory at the Battle of Soissons, the city (amongst several other nearby cities) refused to yield to the Franks and was thus besieged by King Clovis I. The 843 Treaty of Verdun divided Charlemagne's empire among his three surviving grandsons.

Around this time a city called Verdun was the centre of the thriving European trade in young boys, who were sold to the Islamic emirates of Iberia, where they were enslaved as eunuchs. The Italian ambassador Liutprand of Cremona, as one example in the 10th century, presented a gift of four eunuchs to Emperor Constantine VII. The identity of the "Verdun" mentioned in sources is disputed because there are many cities called Verdun in Europe (such as Verdun-sur-Garonne in Occitania and Verdun-sur-le-Doubs). While many still identify it as Verdun on the Meuse, some argue that Verdun-sur-le-Doubs is a more feasible identification. It is also possible that Liutprand was referring to Verona.

Since 1200 Verdun has been famous for its Dragées or sugared almonds; they were distributed at the baptism of French princes.

Verdun was part of the middle kingdom of Lotharingia and in 1374 it became a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. The Bishopric of Verdun formed together with Tull (Toul) and Metz the Three Bishoprics, which were annexed by France in 1552 (recognized in 1648 by the Peace of Westphalia).

From 1624 to 1636 a large bastioned citadel was constructed on the site of the Abbey of Saint Vanne. In 1670 Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban visited Verdun and drew up an ambitious scheme to fortify the whole city. Although much of his plan was carried out in the following decades, some of the elements were not completed until after the Napoleonic Wars. During the Napoleonic War the citadel was used to hold British prisoners of war.

In the Franco-Prussian War Verdun was the last French fortress to surrender in 1870. Shortly afterwards a new system of fortification was begun. This consisted of a mutually supporting ring of 22 polygonal forts up to 8 km from the city and an inner ring of 6 forts.

Battle of Verdun (1792)
Despite the extensive fortifications, in the Battle of Verdun in 1792 the fortress was captured by the Prussians during the War of the First Coalition. The battle was fought on 20 August 1792 between French Revolutionary forces and the Prussian army. The Prussian victory opened the path to Paris for the invading armies. However the Prussians were unable to press their success and abandoned Verdun following the Battle of Valmy.

Battle of Verdun (First World War)
Verdun was the site of a major battle, the longest-lasting of the First World War. One of the costliest battles in military history, Verdun exemplified the policy of a war of attrition pursued by both sides, which led to an enormous loss of life and very long casualty lists.

Following the failure of the Schlieffen Plan in 1914 and the solidifying of the Western Front, Germany remained on the strategic defensive in the west throughout most of 1915. In the winter of 1915–16, German General Erich von Falkenhayn, the chief of the German General Staff (1914–1916) made plans for a large offensive on the Western Front that ultimately aimed to break the French Army through the application of firepower at a point that the French had to hold for reasons of national prestige. As Falkenhayn recalled it, his so-called "Christmas memorandum" to Kaiser Willhelm II envisioned a massive but limited attack on a French position 'for the retention of which the French Command would be compelled to throw in every man they have'. Once the French army had bled to death, Britain could be brought down by Germany's submarine blockade and superior military strength. The logic of initiating a battle not to gain territory or a strategic position but simply to create a self-sustaining killing ground—to bleed the French army to death—pointed to the grimness of military vision in 1916.

Recent scholarship by Holger Afflerbach and others, however, has questioned the veracity of the Christmas memo. No copy has ever surfaced and the only account of it appeared in Falkenhayn's post-war memoir. His army commanders at Verdun, including the German Crown Prince, denied any knowledge of an attrition strategy. It is possible that Falkenhayn did not specifically design the battle to bleed the French army but used this supposed motive after the fact in an attempt to justify the Verdun offensive, despite its failure.

Verdun was the strongest point in pre-war France, ringed by a string of powerful forts, including Douaumont and Fort Vaux. By 1916, the salient at Verdun jutted into the German lines and lay vulnerable to attack from three sides. The historic city of Verdun had been an oppidum of the Gauls before Roman times and later a key asset in wars against Prussia, and Falkenhayn suspected that the French would throw as many men as necessary into its defence. Ironically, France had substantially weakened Verdun's defences after the outbreak of the war, an oversight that would contribute to the removal of Joseph Joffre from supreme command at the end of 1916. The attack was slated to begin on 12 February, then 16 February, but the snow forced repeated postponements.

Falkenhayn massed over 1000 artillery pieces to the north and east of Verdun to precede the infantry advance with intensive artillery bombardment. His attack would hit the French positions on the right bank of the Meuse. Although French intelligence had warned of his plans, these warnings were ignored by the French Command and troop levels in the area remained low. Consequently, Verdun was utterly unprepared for the initial bombardment on the morning of 21 February 1916. German infantry attacks followed that afternoon and met tenacious but ultimately inadequate resistance for the first four days.

On 25 February, the Germans occupied Douaumont. French reinforcements—now under the leadership of General Philippe Pétain—began to arrive and were instantly thrown into "the furnace" (as the battle was called) to slow the German advance, no matter what the cost. Over the next several days, the stubborn defense managed to slow the German advance with a series of bloody counter-attacks. In March, Falkenhayn decided to target the French positions on the left bank of the Meuse as well, broadening the offensive front twofold. Throughout March and April, Cumières-le-Mort-Homme and Hill 304 were under continuous heavy bombardment and relentless infantry attacks. Meanwhile, Pétain organised repeated, small-scale counter-attacks to slow the German advance. He also ensured that the sole supply road from Bar-le-Duc into Verdun remained open. It became known as the Voie Sacrée "Sacred Way" because it continued to carry vital supplies and reinforcements into the Verdun front despite constant artillery fire.

German gains continued in June, but slowly and only after increasingly heavy losses on their side. On 7 June, following almost a week of bitter resistance, Fort Vaux fell to the Germans after a murderous hand-to-hand fight inside the fort itself. On 23 June, the Germans reached what would become the furthest point of their advance. The line was just in front of Fort Souville, the last stronghold before Verdun itself. Pétain was making plans to evacuate the right bank of the Meuse when the combined Anglo-French offensive on the Somme River was launched on 1 July, partly to relieve pressure on the French, although the first day was the bloodiest in the British Army's history. The Germans could no longer afford to continue their offensive at Verdun when they were needed so desperately on the Somme. At a cost of some 400,000 German casualties and a similar number of French, the attack was finally called off. The estimated death toll on both sides were 143,000 dead Germans and 162,440 French soldiers. Falkenhayn's plan to bleed France to death – if indeed that had been his intention – had failed.

The battle continued, however, from October to the end of the year. French offensives, employing new tactics devised by General Robert Nivelle, regained the forts and territory they had lost earlier. This was the only gleam of hope in an otherwise abysmal landscape.

Overall, the battle lasted 11 months. Falkenhayn was replaced by Paul von Hindenburg as Chief of General Staff. General Nivelle was promoted over the head of General Pétain to replace Generalissimo Joseph Joffre as French supreme commander, although he was to hold the post for less than six months.

Cemetery and memorials
There are many French and German cemeteries throughout the battlefield. The largest is the French National Cemetery and Douaumont Ossuary near Fort Douaumont. Thirteen thousand crosses adorn the field in front of the ossuary, which holds roughly 130,000 unidentified remains brought in from the battlefield. Every year yields more remains, which are often placed inside the ossuary's vaults.

Among many revered memorials on the battlefield is the "Bayonet Trench", which marks the location where some dozen bayonets lined up in a row were discovered projecting out of the ground after the war; below each rifle was the body of a French soldier. It has been assumed that these belonged to a group of soldiers who had rested their rifles against the parapet of the trench they were occupying when they were killed during a bombardment, and the men were buried where they lay in the trench and the rifles left untouched. However, this is probably not historically accurate: experts agree that the bayonets were probably affixed to the rifles after the attack and installed by survivors to memorialize the spot.

Nearby, the World War I Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial is located at Romagne-sous-Montfaucon to the northwest of Verdun. It is the final resting place for 14,246 American military dead, most of whom died in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The chapel contains a memorial to the 954 American missing whose remains were never recovered or identified.

On 12 September 1916 King George V awarded the Military Cross to the City of Verdun, one of only two awards of this British decoration to a municipality during World War I, the other being Ypres. On 5 October 1917, Bernardino Machado, President of the Portuguese Republic, awarded the City of Verdun the Order of the Tower and Sword, 1st Class (Grand Cross) for its "tenacious resistance, steadfastness in battle, and heroism of its garrison, having filled a brilliant position in the present war and gloriously proving the worth of a nation's valour and patriotism"; the investiture ceremony took place on 10 October 1917, during President Machado's visit to the Western Front.

Landmarks

 * The Châtel Gate is the only remaining part of the medieval city walls. It leads onto La Roche Square.
 * La Citadelle was built in the 17th century. It is still in military hands but the underlying tunnels can be visited.
 * Verdun Cathedral (Notre-Dame de Verdun) was consecrated in 1147 but was built on the site of an earlier church. The 12th-century Lion Door on the north side has a lavishly decorated tympanum. The whole building was heavily restored in the 18th century.
 * The Episcopal Palace was built in the 18th century by Robert de Cotte and has a fine façade. Part of the building is occupied by the World Peace Centre.
 * The Princerie Museum is located in the former residence of the Primicier (the highest-ranking public servant) of Verdun. It contains historic work of art from the region.
 * The "Subterrean Citadel" is situated at the entrance of Verdun. It holds 4 km of shafts that used to accommodate soldiers during the war.
 * The former Abbey of St Paul houses the palais de justice and the headquarters of the sub-prefecture of Meuse.

Notable people

 * Nicholas of Verdun (1130–1205), goldsmith
 * Nicolas Psaume (1518–1575), prince-bishop
 * Giovanni Veneroni (1642–1708), linguist
 * François de Chevert (1695–1769), army general
 * Henry Madin (1698–1748), composer
 * Jean-Nicolas Desandrouins (1729–1792), army general
 * Jean-Nicolas Pache (1746–1823), politician
 * Moyse Alcan (1817–1869), poet and publisher
 * Philippe Bunau-Varilla (1859–1940), engineer
 * René Dufaure de Montmirail (1876-1917), football manager
 * Élisabeth Brasseur (1896–1972), choral conductor
 * Francine Larrimore (1898–1975), U.S. actress
 * Danielle Mitterrand (1924–2011), First Lady of France
 * Sophie Body-Gendrot (1942–2018), political scientist
 * Hervé Revelli (b. 1946), footballer
 * Mark Meadows (b. 1959), U.S. politician
 * Pierre Delval (b. 1960), criminologist and forensic scientist
 * Isabelle Nanty (b. 1962), actress, screen and theatre director, screenwriter

title: Verdun


text:
Talk:EastEnders

Vandalism
I saw that the page had been vandalized, the first paragraph was replaced with an offensive comment and then a link to a twitter page. I removed the comment, but as the original paragraph had been deleted, I was not able to replace it. The user who replaced it was User:Flimgier, so if anyone can contact them, please do so. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TrippCeyssens (talk • contribs)

Residents
Edit request to add hatnote. And while you're at it, maybe add the semi-protected shackle icon in the top right. --2001:1C06:19CA:D600:FE96:1771:8BA6:4C16 (talk) 19:26, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thank you. Liu1126 (talk) 21:43, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks. --2001:1C06:19CA:D600:F531:95C3:3AD3:E361 (talk) 17:51, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

Sharon Watts
why on Sharon Watts character page you put former character she hasnt left for good cause the boss said on digital spy after the episode aired that she is only gone for a while and will be back and he said there are lots more to come from Sharon Linda Kathy Stacey Suki and Denise 2A02:C7C:A452:3900:81D1:4DFC:8175:E1DD (talk) 22:25, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

Black characters
The assertion that Coronation Street only began to feature black characters after Eastenders started to air is factually incorrect. The black character Shirley Armitage was a Coronation Street regular from 1983 to 1989. Cables93 (talk) 08:24, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

is EastEnders ending in 2026
It’s been confirmed by the BBC that EastEnders will end on BBC One on 24 December 2026. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C8:A6B3:F501:7DCD:497D:BC29:7B82 (talk) 20:07, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Because the storylines are boring and people are keep on leaving the show and they want to end it by “2026” at the latest around “December” and EastEnders will not return for the “forseeable future”. 2A00:23C8:A6B3:F501:7DCD:497D:BC29:7B82 (talk) 20:10, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

Why do you think that EastEnders is ending in 2026? 2A00:23C8:A6B3:F501:7DCD:497D:BC29:7B82 (talk) 20:08, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Goodbye To EastEnders After 41 Years (1985–2026) 😭😭😭 2A00:23C8:A6B3:F501:7DCD:497D:BC29:7B82 (talk) 20:09, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:EastEnders


text:
Communes of the Aube department

The following is a list of the 431 communes of the Aube department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
 * Communauté d'agglomération Troyes Champagne Métropole
 * Communauté de communes d'Arcis, Mailly, Ramerupt
 * Communauté de communes du Barséquanais en Champagne
 * Communauté de communes du Chaourçois et du Val d'Armance
 * Communauté de communes Forêts, Lacs, Terres en Champagne
 * Communauté de communes des Lacs de Champagne
 * Communauté de communes du Nogentais
 * Communauté de communes de l'Orvin et de l'Ardusson
 * Communauté de communes du Pays d'Othe
 * Communauté de communes des Portes de Romilly-sur-Seine
 * Communauté de communes de la Région de Bar-sur-Aube
 * Communauté de communes Seine et Aube
 * Communauté de communes de Vendeuvre-Soulaines

title: Communes of the Aube department


text:
Communes of the Aude department

The following is a list of the 433 communes of the Aude department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
 * Communauté d'agglomération Carcassonne Agglo
 * Communauté d'agglomération Le Grand Narbonne
 * Communauté de communes Castelnaudary Lauragais Audois
 * Communauté de communes Corbières Salanque Méditerranée (partly)
 * Communauté de communes Lauragais Revel Sorezois (partly)
 * Communauté de communes du Limouxin
 * Communauté de communes de la Montagne Noire
 * Communauté de communes Piège-Lauragais-Malepère
 * Communauté de communes des Pyrénées Audoises
 * Communauté de communes Région Lézignanaise, Corbières et Minervois

title: Communes of the Aude department


text:
Communes of the Aveyron department

The following is a list of the 285 communes of the Aveyron department of France. Out of the land area is being 8,735 km2, and the percentage of the department's land area is just 34 per cent of its land area of an average commune.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
 * Communauté d'agglomération Rodez Agglomération
 * Communauté de communes Aubrac, Carladez et Viadène
 * Communauté de communes Aveyron Bas Ségala Viaur
 * Communauté de communes des Causses à l'Aubrac
 * Communauté de communes Comtal Lot et Truyère
 * Communauté de communes Conques-Marcillac
 * Communauté de communes Decazeville Communauté
 * Communauté de communes Grand-Figeac (partly)
 * Communauté de communes Larzac et Vallées
 * Communauté de communes de Lévézou Pareloup
 * Communauté de communes de Millau Grands Causses (partly)
 * Communauté de communes Monts, Rance et Rougier
 * Communauté de communes de la Muse et des Raspes du Tarn
 * Communauté de communes Ouest Aveyron Communauté (partly)
 * Communauté de communes du Pays Rignacois
 * Communauté de communes du Pays de Salars
 * Communauté de communes Pays Ségali
 * Communauté de communes du Plateau de Montbazens
 * Communauté de communes du Réquistanais
 * Communauté de communes Saint Affricain, Roquefort, Sept Vallons

title: Communes of the Aveyron department