text:
Pineville, Louisiana

Pineville is a city in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is located across the Red River from the larger Alexandria, and is part of the Alexandria Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,555 at the 2010 census. It had been 13,829 in 2000; population hence grew by 5 percent over the preceding decade.

The Central Louisiana State Hospital, the Pinecrest Supports and Services Center, the Huey P. Long Memorial Hospital (closed), the Alexandria Veterans Administration Medical Center, and the Alexandria National Cemetery are all located in Pineville. The city is also home to several large non-government employers including Baker Manufacturing, Procter & Gamble, and Crest Industries.

History
Louisiana State University was founded by the Louisiana General Assembly in 1853. It was founded under the name Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy and was located near Pineville. The first academic session began on January 2, 1860, with General William Tecumseh Sherman of Ohio as superintendent.

Pineville was historically a "dry" city, with no alcohol legally available in the community. In a referendum held in the 1980s, voters continued to support a ban on alcohol. Mayor Clarence Fields, who took office in 1999, supported holding another referendum to permit the sale of liquor in restaurants. In a special election in 2013, voters approved liquor sales in restaurants.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.1 square miles (31.3 km2), of which 11.5 square miles (29.7 km2) is land and 0.6 square mile (1.6 km2) (4.97%) is water.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot and humid summers and mild winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Pineville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 14,384 people, 5,065 households, and 3,063 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,829 people, 4,994 households, and 3,121 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,204.8 PD/sqmi. There were 5,448 housing units at an average density of 474.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 69.57% White, 26.08% African American, 0.51% Native American, 1.90% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population.

There were 4,994 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of eighteen living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 13.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,159, and the median income for a family was $37,735. Males had a median income of $30,205 versus $21,154 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,969. About 14.3% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 19.9% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Louisiana Maneuvers Museum is located at Louisiana National Guard Training Center Pineville.

Old Town Hall Museum "is the only museum in the entire state of Louisiana dedicated to municipal government".

Education
In 1906, the Southern Baptist–affiliated Louisiana College opened in Pineville. The Rapides Parish School Board operates public schools.

Infrastructure
The J. Levy Dabadie Correctional Center was located at Camp Beauregard. It closed in July 2012.

From 1939 to 2014, the Huey P. Long Medical Center, a state charity hospital named former governor Huey Long, operated Pineville.

The Curtis-Coleman Memorial Bridge, the replacement for the former O. K. Allen Bridge, named for former Governor Oscar K. Allen, links Alexandria and Pineville across the Red River. The bridge is named for one African-American politician, and William George "Willie" Goleman.

Louisiana National Guard Training Center Pineville, formerly Camp Beauregard, in Pineville is operated by the Louisiana Army National Guard. It is the headquarters of the 225th Engineer Brigade and is one of the largest engineer units in the US Army.

Notable people

 * Joe W. Aguillard, president of Louisiana College from 2005 to 2014
 * Rick Brewer, president of Louisiana College since 2015
 * Faith Ford, actress
 * W. C. Friley, president of Louisiana College from 1909 to 1910
 * Lawrence T. Fuglaar, state representative for Rapides Parish from 1948 to 1952
 * Jay F. Honeycutt, director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center from 1995-1997.
 * Justin Gaston, actor, model, and singer who was also a contestant on Nashville Star.
 * G. Earl Guinn, president of Louisiana College from 1951 to 1975
 * Jeff Hall, state representative for District 26 in Rapides Parish; former Pineville resident
 * Henry E. Hardtner, lumber magnate, state legislator, and forestry conservationist, born in Pineville in 1870
 * Ben F. Holt, state representative from Rapides Parish from 1956 to 1960
 * Anjanette Kirkland, track and field athlete
 * Rory Lee, president of Louisiana College from 1997 to 2004
 * Rashard Lewis, professional basketball player with the Miami Heat
 * Robert L. Lynn, Louisiana College president from 1975 to 1997; now a poet in Duluth, Georgia
 * Hugh Thompson Jr., United States Army major who played a role in ending the My Lai massacre in the Vietnam War; he died in Pineville.
 * Tommy Tenney, evangelist and author
 * Kenny Mixon, played football at Pineville High, LSU and with NFL.
 * Cody Ford, NFL player for the Cincinnati Bengals
 * Jay Luneau, Louisiana State Senator

title: Pineville, Louisiana


text:
Woodworth, Louisiana

Woodworth is a town in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the Alexandria, Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,096 at the 2010 census.

This town is growing rapidly with a number of residential subdivisions under development. Woodworth is emerging as a bedroom community for nearby Alexandria, to the northeast. Louisiana State Senator Joe McPherson resides in Woodworth, as did the late State Representative R. W. "Buzzy" Graham, who operated an insurance agency in Alexandria.

According to a 2007 report, Woodworth was named one of the 10 worst speed traps in the state of Louisiana. Woodworth made 61.32% of its revenue, an average of roughly $706 per capita, from fines and forfeitures in the 2005 fiscal year.

History
Woodworth was established in 1942 under the Lawrason Act.

The town began with a small population in the 1880s with the first significant resident being George Hendricks from Arkansas who allegedly built a rice farm in the village, but later found himself unsuccessful and left.

The town's growth did not yet stop, as a businessman named John McEnery came from New Orleans, LA and brought his railroad company (New Orleans Pacific Railroad) with him. McEnery did not have this land for long however as he later sold it, and on November 25, 1890, the 18,000 acres of land were sold to three people: C. E. Roberts, C. S. Woodworth, and Ed Rand all of whom were from neighboring state of Texas. The three men had yet to explore this land but established the Rapides Lumber Company in the village, constructing a sawmill. The name of this town originates from C. S. Woodworth’s name of whom the company decided the community should be named after.`

Soon after the sawmill was constructed, a Missouri located company bought out positions of the lumber company being those held by C. S. Woodworth and C. E. Roberts, but Rand kept his position. Because of these transfers, the company was renamed to the Long-Bell Lumber Company of Woodworth. By the early 1900s, the town of Woodworth had reached a population of roughly 1,000, while continuous expansion of the town's businesses and services began, which oversaw the construction of churches and commercial businesses in the town. As this happened, the first Catholic Church was constructed in Woodworth after Bishop Van de Ven blessed a chapel in the town. The land where this chapel was had later been owned by Richard and Edward Butler, which then was passed over to Henry Butler on November 19, 1908. On June 15, 1911, the 2 acre land was finally inherited by Bishop Van de Ven. The Butler family is related to the current leading Woodworth political family, the Butlers. The Butler family is currently overseeing David Butler as mayor of the town.

As this church continued to grow, so did the population. The Catholic Church invited the large Catholic population of Rapides Parish towards Woodworth after the exponential growth of the sawmill. This also attracted a certain Catholic family, the Moore family, which was a family consisting of a former slave and the descendants of the freed slave. Alvah Joseph Moore moved to the town in the early 1900's, and was a prominent saw mill operator and musician who played in the Woodworth Band. Moore and his family wrote recollections of the era in Woodworth and their life in the town. During the period of Catholic migration to the town, the Ku Klux Klan also rose to prominence in the town, as conflicts between the two groups began arising in the town, which eventually was put to a stop after the sawmill company intervened.

After the conflicts between the Catholics and Ku Klux Klan ended, the sawmill eventually began seeing less and less production in the region and eventually moved out in 1926, leaving the land barren until restoration during the Civilian Conservation Corps program. The Catholic church was relocated to Reddell, Louisiana which signaled the loss of many Catholic residents of the town.

Following the closure of the sawmill, and the relocation of several Catholic residents, the town seemed to stop growing until the war era. As of now, Catholic residents were attending St. Martin's Church in Lecompte, Louisiana Following the closure of the church, Father Gerard J. Ducote, the second pastor of Cabrini, sent a letter to Bishop Charles P. Greco saying: "I understand from Mr. and Mrs. A.J. Moore that there have been no Catholic services in Woodworth since about 1927, the year in which they left the community to reside in Alexandria, and that the reason why so many of these people have not continued active affiliation with the Church was because of resentment that their Church had been dismantled and moved away - a measure of protest over the action." The Catholic Churches were then promised double attendance, which was reached but mainly as result of the heavy growth of Camp Claiborne inhabitants.

Camp Claiborne was also formed in Louisiana and rose to higher prominence during World War II, where over half a million men circulated through the camp. The camp oversaw the Louisiana Maneuvers training which was led by many prominent military and later political members including General Omar Bradley, General Ben Lear, and Walter Krueger, just to name a few. Eventually, this camp was then used for German military POWs. After the war, the camp was acquired by the United States Forest Service. The United States Army Corps of Engineers also has jurisdiction there regarding unexploded ordnance

Geography
Woodworth is located at 31.15639°N, -92.49472°W (31.156270, -92.494650).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.9 sqmi, of which 4.9 square miles (12.7 km$2$) is land and 0.20% is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 165.svg|25px]] U.S. Route 165
 * [[Image:Louisiana 3265.svg|25px]] LA 3265
 * [[Image:To plate blue.svg|20px]] [[Image:I-49.svg|20px]] Interstate 49

Climate
This climatic region is typified by relatively small seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and mild winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Woodworth has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,762 people, 628 households, and 435 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,080 people, 385 households, and 299 families residing in the town. The population density was 219.5 PD/sqmi. There were 408 housing units at an average density of 82.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 87.96% White, 10.46% African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.28% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.13% of the population.

There were 385 households, out of which 45.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,262, and the median income for a family was $41,667. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $23,587 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,200. About 6.8% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

Caroline Dormon Junior High
In August 2012, Caroline Dormon Junior High School was completed and ready for the new school year. Sitting on a 33-acre site off U.S. Route 165, the $6.5 million project is the first "green" school for the CenLa area as well as the first school within Woodworth city limits. The 50,000 sq ft building currently holds about 400 students. The school hold classes from kindergarten to 8th grade. In the 2022-2023 school year, the school district proposed a bond to expand the school due to its high over-enrollment. The school was built to house around 150 students, but in 2022, reached a peak of 400 students. Caroline Dormon Junior High was the top A traditional public school in Rapides Parish, Louisiana from 2012 to now, and is only being outperformed by Phoenix Magnet Elementary School in a non-traditional category, as Phoenix is a magnet school.

Court
Woodworth is among 250 towns and villages in Louisiana with a Mayors court as provided by R.S. 33:44l and 442.

History
A mayors court was authorized through Municipal charters, and an act of 1772, giving a mayor the jurisdiction of a justice of the peace as to petty causes. Louisiana and Ohio have this form of court system.

Controversy
There has been controversy on the town being considered as a speed trap and the fact that the mayor has a conflict of interest also filling the Judiciary position. A suit was filed in one case ultimately resulting in the plaintiff being vindicated by a Louisiana appeals court.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Woodworth, Louisiana


text:
Coushatta, Louisiana

Coushatta is a town in, and the parish seat of, rural Red River Parish in north Louisiana, United States. It is situated on the east bank of the Red River. The community is approximately 45 miles south of Shreveport on U.S. Highway 71. The population, 2,299 at the 2000 census, is nearly two-thirds African American, most with long family histories in the area. The 2010 census, however, reported 1,964 residents, a decline of 335 persons, or nearly 15 percent during the course of the preceding decade. In 2020, its population was 1,752. The city is named after the Coushatta, a Native American nation indigenous to the region.

History

Red River Parish and the Red River Valley were areas of unrest and white paramilitary activity and violence after the Civil War, and especially during the 1870s of Reconstruction. The parish developed around cotton cultivation and enslaved African Americans who far outnumbered the whites. After the war, white planters and farmers tried to reestablish dominance over a majority of the population. With emancipation and being granted citizenship and suffrage, African Americans tried to create their own lives.

Formed in May 1874 from white militias, the White League in Louisiana was increasingly well-organized in rural areas like Red River Parish. It worked to turn out the Democratic Party, as well as suppress freedmen's civil rights and voting rights. It used violence against officeholders, running some out of town and killing others, and acted near elections to suppress black and white Republican voter turnout.

In one of the more flagrant examples of violence, the White League in August 1874 captured six Republican officials in Coushatta, made them sign a pledge to leave the state, and escorted them when they were assassinated on their departure from the state. Victims included the brother and three brothers-in-law of the Republican State Senator Marshall H. Twitchell. Twitchell's wife and her brothers were from a family with long ties in Red River Parish. One of Twitchell's several biographies is an unpublished 1969 dissertation at Mississippi State University in Starkville by the historian Jimmy G. Shoalmire, a Shreveport native and a specialist in Reconstruction studies.

The White League also killed five to twenty freedmen who had been escorting the Republicans and were witnesses to the assassinations. The events became known as the Coushatta Massacre and contributed to the Republican governor's requesting more Federal troops from U.S. President U.S. Grant to help control the state. Ordinary Southerners wrote to the White House describing the terrible conditions and fear they lived under during these years.

With increased fraud, violence and intimidation, white Redeemer Democrats gained control of the state legislature in 1876 and established a new system of one-party rule. They passed laws making elections more complicated and a new constitution with provisions that effectively disenfranchised most African Americans and many poorer whites. This disenfranchisement persisted for decades into the 20th century before passage of civil rights legislation and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

After World War II, Dr. Lawrence Edward L'Herisson, Sr., a native of Bossier Parish, built a 23-bed regional rural hospital in Coushatta. He subsequently relocated to Shreveport. Coushatta is now served by the 25-bed Christus Coushatta Health Care Center.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.4 sqmi, of which 3.3 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (2.91%) is water.

North of Coushatta, Loggy Bayou, which flows from Lake Bistineau, joins the Red River.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by relatively small seasonal temperature variations, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and mild winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Coushatta has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,752 people, 856 households, and 541 families residing in the town.

Economy
Coushatta is the home of C Troop 2-108th Cavalry Squadron, a unit dating back to the Confederate Army during the Civil War under the nickname "the Wildbunch." This unit was formerly known as A Company 1-156 Armor Battalion and served recently in Iraq during 2004–2005 under the 256th Infantry Brigade. This unit returned from its second deployment to Iraq in 2010.

Education

Coushatta and all of Red River Parish are served by the Red River Parish School District. Zoned campuses include Red River Elementary School (grades PK–5), Red River Junior High School (grades 6–8), and Red River Senior High School (grades 9–12). Coushatta is also home to Magnolia Bend Academy (grades PK-12), a “homeschool service” with both in-person and at-home enrollment options.

Media
Newspapers include The Coushatta Citizen and Red River Parish Journal. Radio station KRRP broadcasts gospel music.

Notable people

 * Joe Adcock, slugging first baseman for the Milwaukee Braves in the 1950s, was born and reared in Coushatta.
 * Henry Bethard, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Red River Parish, 1960–1964; former Coushatta town attorney
 * John Hilliard, Defensive end who played for the Seattle Seahawks
 * Andrew R. Johnson (1856–1933), Louisiana state senator from 1916 to 1924 from Bienville and Claiborne parishes and mayor of Homer, Louisiana. He named the village of Ashland, Louisiana. He is interred at Springville Cemetery in Coushatta.
 * Vickie Johnson, WNBA New York Liberty (1997–2006), San Antonio Silver Stars (2006–2009), head coach of the San Antonio Silver Stars (2017), assistant coach for the Las Vegas Aces (present)
 * Donald G. Kelly graduated from the former Coushatta High School. A Natchitoches attorney and horseman, he served in the Louisiana State Senate from 1976 to 1996.
 * Bennie Logan, NFL defensive lineman for the Tennessee Titans
 * Lester Vetter, mayor of Coushatta 1948 to 1952, state representative from 1952 until his death in 1960
 * Lloyd F. Wheat, retired attorney and state senator from Red River and Natchitoches parishes from 1948 to 1952; formerly resided in Coushatta
 * W. Scott Wilkinson, Coushatta native and a Shreveport attorney, state representative for Caddo Parish

In popular culture
Huell Babineaux, a fictional character from the American television shows Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul, is from Coushatta. Coushatta plays a pivotal role in the Better Call Saul episode of the same name.

title: Coushatta, Louisiana


text:
Edgefield, Louisiana

Edgefield is a village in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 190 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.2 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 190 people, 83 households, and 59 families residing in the village. The population density was 750.2 PD/sqmi. There were 95 housing units at an average density of 375.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.84% White and 3.16% African American.

There were 83 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $25,521, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $30,417 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,791. About 10.7% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 16.0% of those 65 or over.

Education
Edgefield and all of Red River Parish are served by the Red River Parish School District. Zoned campuses include Red River Elementary School (Grades PK-5), Red River Junior High School (Grades 6-8), and Red River Senior High School (Grades 9-12).

Riverdale Academy, the only K-12 private school in Red River Parish, is located in the hamlet of East Point.

title: Edgefield, Louisiana


text:
Hall Summit, Louisiana

Hall Summit is a village in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 264 at the 2000 census.

The village of Hall Summit is governed by the mayor and the aldermen. The mayor is Danny Scott and the aldermen are Jason Briggs (mayor pro-temp), Barbara Moore, and Will Jiles. The town clerk is Rachel Henry.

The town hall is open Monday thru Friday from 8am to 4pm

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Hall Summit has a total area of 1.7 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2013, there were 264 people, 101 households, and 75 families residing in the village. The population density was 157.8 PD/sqmi. There were 120 housing units at an average density of 71.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 90.53% White and 9.47% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.52% of the population.

There were 101 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $31,042, and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had a median income of $24,821 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,433. About 24.3% of families and 24.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.7% of those 65 or over.

Education
Hall Summit and all of Red River Parish are served by the Red River Parish School District. Zoned campuses include Red River Elementary School (Grades PK-5), Red River Junior High School (Grades 6-8), and Red River Senior High School (Grades 9-12).

Riverdale Academy, the only K-12 private school in Red River Parish, is located outside the parish seat of Coushatta.

Notable person

 * Clint Courtney, major league baseball player

title: Hall Summit, Louisiana


text:
Martin, Louisiana

Martin is a village in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 594 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 11.6 sqmi, of which 11.6 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.34%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 625 people, 221 households, and 177 families residing in the village. The population density was 54.0 PD/sqmi. There were 249 housing units at an average density of 21.5 per square mile (8.3/km$2$). The racial makeup of the village was 97.92% White, 1.12% African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.16% from other races, and 0.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48% of the population.

There were 221 households, out of which 45.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.1% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 32.0% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,542, and the median income for a family was $40,714. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $21,563 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,184. About 9.3% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Martin and all of Red River Parish are served by the Red River Parish School District. Zoned campuses include Red River Elementary School (Grades PK-5), Red River Junior High School (Grades 6-8), and Red River Senior High School (Grades 9-12).

Riverdale Academy, the only K-12 private school in Red River Parish, is located in the hamlet of East Point.

Notable people

 * H. M. Fowler, state representative from 1972 to 1986, though born in the Holly Springs community, graduated in 1937 from the former Martin High School.

title: Martin, Louisiana


text:
Delhi, Louisiana

Delhi, originally called Deerfield, is a town in Richland Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 2,622.

History
In 1890, the Delhi Institute was founded in Delhi, Louisiana; a Black private school affiliated with the A.M.E. church. Delhi Institute was renamed to Lampton College; after a 1907 fire, the campus was moved to Alexandria, Louisiana, before being absorbed sometime after 1945 by Campbell College in Jackson, Mississippi.

In the 1940s, Delhi was the center of a large natural gas boom. Numerous workers came to work in the industry. Several functioning gas fields still surround the town.

From 1968 until 1969, Delhi Fire Department was home to the now defunct Louisiana State Police - Troop O. The site was abandoned in 1969 after thirteen months' operation, with state services reverting to Troop F in Monroe.

On February 21, 1971, as part of the February 1971 Mississippi Delta tornado outbreak, Louisiana's only recorded F5 tornado struck outside of Delhi. It resulted in forty-seven deaths and was the deadliest F5 tornado to hit the United States since the Jackson, Mississippi, Candlestick Park tornado in 1966. It was the earliest confirmed F5 tornado during a year.

Geography
Delhi is located at 32.45583°N, -91.49333°W (32.455948, -91.493345). The town lies at the confluence of U.S. Route 80 and Louisiana Highway 17, and near to Interstate 20.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.6 sqmi, of which 2.5 sqmi is land and 0.1 square mile (2.33%) is water.

The elevation of 89 ft spared Delhi from the brunt of the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 that destroyed most of the surrounding Mississippi River Delta area.

The Poverty Point Reservoir, which hosts the acclaimed Black Bear Golf Club and the Poverty Point Reservoir State Park, is located just north of Delhi on Louisiana State Highway 17 near Warden. The reservoir project was pushed to fruition by State Senator Francis C. Thompson of Delhi.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,622 people, 1,082 households, and 641 families residing in the town.

Education
Public schools in Richland Parish are operated by the Richland Parish School Board. Three campuses serve the town of Delhi - Delhi Elementary School (Grades PK-4), Delhi Middle School (Grades 5-8), and Delhi High School (Grades 9-12).

Delhi Charter School (DCS) (K-12) is an area charter school.

Notable people

 * Earl Holliman, Golden Globe award-winning film and television actor known for movies such as The Sons of Katie Elder, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and Giant and TV series Police Woman
 * Arlene Howell, Miss Louisiana USA 1958, Miss USA 1958 and television actress
 * Bnois King, jazz and blues musician, was born in Delhi
 * Bob Love, basketball player, went to high school in Delhi
 * Charles A. Marvin, judge of the Louisiana Court of Appeal for the Second Circuit from 1975 to 1999; worked as news editor at Delhi Dispatch c. 1950
 * Tim McGraw, country singer originally from Start
 * Andrew "Blueblood" McMahon, Chicago blues bass guitarist, singer and songwriter
 * Pat "Gravy" Patterson, longtime baseball coach at Louisiana Tech University
 * Steve Pylant, former sheriff of Franklin Parish and Republican departing member of the Louisiana House of Representatives, resides in Franklin Parish near Delhi
 * Johnny Robinson, 6 Time NFL All Pro, 2020 NFL Hall of Fame Inductee, 1970 Super Bowl Champion with the Kansas City Kansas City Chiefs
 * Charles and Sam Wyly, businessmen who endowed Wyly Tower of Learning at Louisiana Tech

title: Delhi, Louisiana


text:
Mangham, Louisiana

Mangham is a village in Richland Parish in northeastern Louisiana, United States. The population was 672 at the 2010 census. Mangham was established in 1890. It is named for Wiley P. Mangham, the publisher of the Richland Beacon-News, a weekly newspaper in Rayville, the seat of Richland Parish.

Geography
Mangham is located at 32.30833°N, -91.77611°W (32.308304, -91.776225).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

The community straddles the border with Franklin Parish. Louisiana Highway 15 runs through Mangham.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 595 people, 247 households, and 170 families residing in the town. The population density was 590.0 PD/sqmi. There were 268 housing units at an average density of 265.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 59.66% White, 39.83% African American, 0.17% Asian, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 247 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 27.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $17,500, and the median income for a family was $23,558. Males had a median income of $22,273 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,813. About 22.0% of families and 28.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.8% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public schools in Richland Parish are operated by the Richland Parish School Board. Three campuses serve the village of Mangham - Mangham Elementary School (Grades PK-5), Mangham Junior High School (Grades 6-8), and Mangham High School (Grades 9-12).

Notable people

 * Ralph Abraham (born September 16, 1954), veterinarian and physician elected as a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2014
 * Robert Max Ross (August 5, 1933 – September 15, 2009) ran as a Republican candidate for governor in 1972 and 1983, as well as the United States Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, the Louisiana State Senate, and for Mayor of Mangham, Louisiana.

title: Mangham, Louisiana


text:
Rayville, Louisiana

Rayville is a town in and the parish seat of Richland Parish in northeastern Louisiana, United States. The population, which is 69 percent African American, was 4,234 at the 2000 census, but it had declined by nearly 21 percent in 2020 to 3,347.

The City Hall, located next to the U.S. Post Office across from U.S. Highway 80, is named for former Rayville Mayor Joe Kalil (1922–1996).

History
Rayville was named for John Ray.

Geography
Rayville is located at 32.47361°N, -91.7575°W (32.473580, -91.757387).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.3 square miles (5.9 km$2$), of which 2.2 square miles (5.8 km$2$) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km$2$) (1.32%) is water.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,347 people, 1,248 households, and 892 families residing in the town.

Education
Public schools in Richland Parish are operated by the Richland Parish School Board. Three campuses serve the town of Rayville - Rayville Elementary School (Grades PK-6), Rayville Junior High School (Grades 7-8), and Rayville High School (Grades 9-12). Rayville is also served by Riverfield Academy (Grades PK-12) a non-denominational private school.

Notable people

 * Ralph Abraham, was elected in the 114th Congress to serve the 5th Congressional District of LA.
 * Garland Boyette, football player
 * Reggie Burnette, Green Bay Packers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers player
 * Charles "Bubba" Chaney, state representative from Rayville
 * Benny Gay Christian, state representative from Rayville, 1964 to 1974
 * Bunny Greenhouse, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers whistleblower
 * Elvin Hayes, Hall of Fame basketball player
 * Edgar Jones, Baltimore Ravens football player
 * Ernie Ladd, professional wrestler and football player who played for the San Diego Chargers, Kansas City Chiefs, and the Houston Oilers. Inducted into the Chargers Hall of Fame in 1981 and the WWE Hall of Fame in 1995. He attended Grambling State University.
 * Roosevelt Potts, Indianapolis Colts
 * Stanley Williams, one of the early leaders of the Crips.

title: Rayville, Louisiana


text:
Converse, Louisiana

Converse is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 440 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Converse is located at 31.78028°N, -93.69861°W (31.780369, -93.698620).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.1 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 379 people, 125 households, and 84 families residing in the village.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 400 people, 166 households, and 111 families residing in the village. The population density was 187.7 PD/sqmi. There were 202 housing units at an average density of 94.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 79.50% White, 8.75% African American, 7.75% Native American, and 4.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.00% of the population.

There were 166 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $25,250, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $31,058 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,180. About 23.1% of families and 29.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 52.5% of those under age 18 and 23.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public schools in Sabine Parish are operated by the Sabine Parish School Board. The village of Converse is zoned to Converse High School (Grades PK-12).

Climate
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Converse has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Converse, Louisiana


text:
Fisher, Louisiana

Fisher is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 230 at the 2010 census, down from 268 in 2000.

History
Fisher was named for Oliver Williams Fisher and built between 1899 and 1901 by the Louisiana Long Leaf Lumber Company. It remained a company town until the sawmill was sold to Boise Cascade Corporation in 1966. In 1979, the remaining company buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Fisher Historic District.

Geography
Fisher is located at 31.49111°N, -93.46056°W (31.491157, -93.460599).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 268 people, 101 households, and 72 families residing in the village. The population density was 446.8 PD/sqmi. There were 107 housing units at an average density of 178.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 65.67% White, 31.34% African American, 0.75% Native American, 1.87% from other races, and 0.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.24% of the population.

There were 101 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $27,708, and the median income for a family was $34,250. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $11,875 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,998. About 8.0% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.5% of those 65 or over.

Education
Public schools in Sabine Parish are operated by the Sabine Parish School Board. The village of Fisher is zoned to Many Elementary School (Grades PK-3), Many Junior High School (Grades 4–8), and Many High School (Grades 9–12).

Culture
Fisher Sawmill Days was started in 1976 and is an annual festival, that takes place the third weekend in May, and captures a glimpse of turn-of-the-last-century lumbering in Louisiana.

Notable person

 * John S. Pickett, Jr., state representative and state district court judge

title: Fisher, Louisiana


text:
Florien, Louisiana

Florien is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 633 at the 2010 census, down from 692 at the 2000 census. The village is home to the annual Sabine Free State Festival, celebrating the village’s history as part of the Sabine Neutral Strip.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.2 sqmi, all land.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Florien has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 692 people, 258 households, and 190 families residing in the village. The population density was 311.5 PD/sqmi. There were 312 housing units at an average density of 140.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 71.24% White, 27.02% African American, 0.87% Native American, 0.14% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population.

There were 258 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $22,153, and the median income for a family was $25,833. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $16,354 for females. The per capita income for the village was $10,855. About 21.4% of families and 24.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public schools in Sabine Parish are operated by the Sabine Parish School Board. The village of Florien is zoned to Florien High School (Grades PK-12). The school has an enrollment of 582. The mascot is the Black Cat with school colors of black and yellow.

title: Florien, Louisiana


text:
Many, Louisiana

Many is a town in, and the parish seat of Sabine Parish in western Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,853 at the 2010 census, a decrease of 36 or 1.246 percent from 2000.

History
The site where Many currently sits was originally a Belgian settlement believed to be founded in 1837. The Town of Many was officially founded March 21, 1843, when the Louisiana Legislature passed Act 46. The act split Natchitoches Parish into several new parishes, including Sabine Parish. That Act declared that the seat of government for the newly created Sabine Parish, be named in honor of Colonel James B. Many, who commanded the garrison at the nearby Fort Jesup.

Geography
Many is located at 31.56778°N, -93.47778°W (31.567769, -93.477721). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.1 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Many has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,571 people, 898 households, and 543 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,853 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 48.1% Black, 44.3% White, 1.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian and 2.6% from two or more races. 2.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
The population density was 923.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,272 housing units at an average density of 406.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 48.18% White, 47.42% African American, 1.70% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.70% of the population.

There were 1,073 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.6% were married couples living together, 23.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $20,000, and the median income for a family was $24,329. Males had a median income of $28,500 versus $15,870 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,153. About 28.4% of families and 35.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.7% of those under age 18 and 26.3% of those age 65 or over.

Culture

 * Hodges Gardens, Park and Wilderness Area

Education
Public schools in Sabine Parish are operated by the Sabine Parish School Board. The town of Many is zoned to Many Elementary School (Grades PK-4), Many Junior High School (Grades 5–8), and Many High School (Grades 9–12).

Many is also home to the Central Louisiana Technical College's Sabine Valley Campus. The campus offers technical education programs, general education courses, high school dual enrollment, adult basic education, and workforce development training.

Newspaper

 * The Sabine Index

Radio
All of the radio stations in Many are in the Natchitoches market.

Notable people

 * Cliff Ammons, former Louisiana state representative and the "father of Toledo Bend Reservoir", was on the faculty of Many High School from 1948 to 1967.
 * Frank Cole, former football coach at Many High School who served in both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature between 1944 and 1960
 * U.S. Representative Ed Gossett was born 1902 in a sawmill camp known as Yellow Pine, near Many.
 * Charlie Joiner, former National Football League wide receiver and member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, was born in Many.
 * Frances (Poppy) Northcutt, the first female engineer to work in NASA's Mission Control during Apollo 8.
 * John S. Pickett, Jr., state representative 1968 to 1972, 11th Judicial District Court judge 1972 to 1990, school board member of Sabine Parish School Board
 * Benjamin Teekell, state representative from Red River Parish from 1920 to 1928, was living in Many in the 1930 United States Census
 * Ronald G. Tompkins, American physician and academic

title: Many, Louisiana


text:
Noble, Louisiana

Noble is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 259 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Noble is located at 31.69028°N, -93.68222°W (31.690237, -93.682087).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.0 square miles (2.7 km$2$), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 259 people, 91 households, and 65 families residing in the village. The population density was 252.1 PD/sqmi. There were 104 housing units at an average density of 101.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 61.78% White, 28.19% Native American, and 10.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.18% of the population.

There were 91 households, out of which 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.47.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 35.5% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $38,594, and the median income for a family was $45,833. Males had a median income of $32,813 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,982. About 2.9% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 25.0% of those 65 or over.

Education
Public schools in Sabine Parish are operated by the Sabine Parish School Board. There are no schools in Noble and students attend campuses in neighboring communities.

title: Noble, Louisiana


text:
Pleasant Hill, Sabine Parish, Louisiana

Pleasant Hill is a village in Sabine Parish in western Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the village was 1,232. It is best known for the Battle of Pleasant Hill, a significant battle during the American Civil War on April 9, 1864.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.0 km$2$), all land.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 617 people, 273 households, and 122 families residing in the village.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 786 people, 293 households, and 200 families residing in the village. The population density was 505.4 PD/sqmi. There were 337 housing units at an average density of 216.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 58.78% White, 35.11% African American, 3.18% Native American, 0.13% Asian, and 2.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.91% of the population.

There were 293 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $18,068, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had a median income of $38,125 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,188. About 26.8% of families and 30.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.5% of those under age 18 and 43.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public schools in Sabine Parish are operated by the Sabine Parish School Board. The village of Pleasant Hill is zoned to Pleasant Hill High School (Grades PK-12).

Notable people

 * Oscar K. Allen, governor of Louisiana from 1932–1936, taught school for a time at Pleasant Hill in the first decade of the 20th century.
 * Edgar Hull, co-founder of both the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, practiced medicine in Pleasant Hill from 1929-1931.

title: Pleasant Hill, Sabine Parish, Louisiana


text:
Zwolle, Louisiana

Zwolle is a small town in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,759 at the 2010 census, down from 1,783 in 2000. It was named after Zwolle, a Dutch city and the capital of the province Overijssel.

History
The first inhabitants of the bowl-shaped area of land upon which the town of Zwolle is situated were the Mound Builders. Lured here for protection from storms, the "bowl" offered them protection. Prehistoric people built the dome-shaped mounds that line the banks of Bayou Scie and Bayou San Miguel, which form a hollow circle around the townsite. As Mound Builders, they were ancestors of North American Indians who inhabited the territory when the Europeans arrived.

Later, the area was colonized by Spain, which sent the earliest non-Indians to the territory. Las Cabezas, a Spanish mission church was built at Bayou Scie. Spanish soldiers and Native people intermarried over many generations, and Spanish was still spoken in the area until the 1970s. The town was originally called Vallecillo, which became the source of the name Bayou Scie.

The first English-speaking settlers arrived in Sabine Parish in 1824, via Natchitoches. These pioneers came chiefly from Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas. In 1871, many more of these settlers moved in and acquired land under the homestead act.

Arthur Stilwell built the Kansas City Southern Railroad (KCS) from Kansas City to Port Arthur, Texas. He had reached Van Buren, Arkansas, in 1893 when he ran out of funds. Stilwell went to Zwolle, the Netherlands, and met with a rich coffee merchant Jan De Goeijen. About 1896, Stilwell and De Goeijen were plotting a route to extend the KCS railway to the Gulf of Mexico. While visiting the area destined to become Zwolle, De Goeijen was impressed with St. Joseph Catholic Church. St. Joseph Catholic Church, established 1881, was a product of the early Spanish missions. De Goeijen sold a $3,000,000 stock issue for Stilwell's railroad and he was permitted to name the place after his hometown and birthplace of Zwolle, a riverside city of currently over 130,000 population in the Netherlands.

On July 14, 1896, Teofilo “T.” Laroux, a community leader and descendant of the early families, donated 20 acres to the KCS for a railroad depot and town to be built. Paul M. Potts, a prominent cotton farmer donated an additional 22.05 acres on October 15, 1896. The Zwolle townsite was developed by the Arkansas Townsite Company and the official town charter was granted June 12, 1898. The original Kansas City Southern Depot, Zwolle opened October 26, 1896, and served until the present depot was reconstructed in about 1914 by the KCS.

The advent of the railroad brought new prosperity to the town and altered its destiny. Zwolle's strategic location made it possible for the small town to flourish as a transportation center for lumber, oil and cotton production. Though no longer a functioning railroad depot, it remains significant to the history and posterity of the town. On December 23, 1970, the depot was donated to the town of Zwolle by the KCS. The depot was placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior on August 7, 1989.

Geography
Zwolle is located at 31.635°N, -93.6425°W (31.635134, -93.642560). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.5 km$2$), of which 3.2 square miles (8.4 km$2$) is land and 0.4 square mile (1.1 km$2$) (11.99%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,638 people, 696 households, and 415 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,759 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 48.7% Black, 28.1% White, 14.1% Native American, 0.1% Asian and 3.5% from two or more races. 5.5% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,783 people, 630 households, and 437 families living in the town. The population density was 552.6 PD/sqmi. There were 725 housing units at an average density of 224.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 6.37% White, 47.17% African American, 16.38% Native American, 1.07% from other races, and 2.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33.17% of the population.

There were 630 households, out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 27.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.36.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 35.5% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $15,843, and the median income for a family was $17,326. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $14,922 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,042. About 37.7% of families and 40.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 52.8% of those under age 18 and 35.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Zwolle High School, Intermediate, and Zwolle Elementary School are combined into one building. The school has 1,500 students.

Zwolle Tamale Fiesta
The Zwolle Tamale Fiesta is the town's signature festival. The festival was founded in 1975 at the suggestion of Sabine Parish Tourist Commission member and Zwolle native Rogers P. Loupe. The fiesta celebrates the Native American and Spanish heritage and cultural influence rooted in the town's origins. The fiesta takes its name from the tamale and alludes to the town's local notoriety for what is arguably a spicier version of the Mississippi Delta-style boiled tamale, which is believed to have been made in the area since the early 1700s.

The festival is traditionally held on the 2nd weekend of October, kicking off on Thursday night and concluding on Sunday. Originally, the Zwolle High School campus hosted the festival. In the early 2000's, the town completed construction of the Zwolle Festival Grounds, after which The Fiesta relocated to the grounds and scaled back to conclude on Saturday night. Attractions include live music, cultural exhibitions, a parade, a ball, a small-scale carnival, a car show and a mud bog competition.

Loggers and Forestry Festival
Founded in 1995, the Loggers and Forestry Festival pays tribute to workers in the community's horticulture industry – the cornerstone of the local economy. Each year, A festival queen is decided by a pageant, and the oldest-living logger residing in the town is named the king.

The Loggers and Forestry festival is held at the Zwolle Festival Grounds and mirrors the Tamale Fiesta, including several of its signature events like the parade and mud bog. The festival is held between late April and early May. It is the town's second-largest local event.

Notable people

 * Former Lieutenant Governor William J. "Bill" Dodd (1909–1991) graduated from Zwolle High School.
 * Michael Cutright of the 1989 Denver Nuggets, played basketball at Zwolle High School and still resides in the area.

title: Zwolle, Louisiana


text:
Arabi, Louisiana

Arabi is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, between the Lower 9th Ward of New Orleans and Chalmette within the Greater New Orleans metropolitan area. The population was 4,533 at the 2020 census.

History
Arabi was established in the 19th century as a suburb of New Orleans, along the east bank of the Mississippi River. Arabi was part of Orleans Parish; however, a law passed in the 1880s stated that slaughterhouses could not be located within the City of New Orleans. An 1851 map calls the area Jacksonburgh, a name believe to be derived from Andrew Jackson. It is speculated by the publication that the town is named after Arabi Pasha (a mis-transliteration of his actual name Ahmed 'Urabi) who burned Alexandria, Egypt in 1882 while engaged in a revolt against the British administration in Egypt.

Arabi began as the community known as Stockyard Landing, because of the many stockyards and slaughterhouses located there. In the rear yards of some of houses in Old Arabi, there are remnants of blood traps from the area. When excavation for swimming pools was done, residents found dishes from New Orleans hotels and restaurants whose table scraps were once used to feed animals.

Business interests of the stockyards wanted to be free from control of New Orleans and persuaded the state of Louisiana to transfer dominion of the area downriver from Jackson Barracks to St. Bernard Parish in 1875.

Toponymy
The area was apparently named after the residents of the area who burned the courthouse down in the 1890s, according to an account published by the FWP in 1941, "reputedly because the incendiary activities of an Arabian sheik were at that time much in the news." The New York Times makes mention of the media frenzy in 1882 with a note that "The New Orleans Picayune has discovered that Arabi Pasha once sold confectionery in that city. But the Picayune has a habit of occasionally discovering things that are not so."

It is speculated by the publication that the town is named after Arabi Pasha (a mis-transliteration of his actual name Ahmed 'Urabi) who torched Alexandria, Egypt in 1882 while engaged in a revolt against the British administration in Egypt. The community felt that the revolt he was leading was a kindred spirit to their own revolt from New Orleans.

Gambling era (1907–1952)
In 1907, Friscoville Avenue was developed in Arabi. Because of a ban on gambling in the city limits of Orleans Parish, the area gambling center with approximately five gambling halls was located along the 100 block of Friscoville Avenue. Being just outside the Orleans Parish line, Friscoville was at the time easily accessible by the Canal Street Car Line.

The clubs were frequently raided by the authorities. One such raid was noted by the Associated Press in 1928, under governor Huey P. Long. Upon learning of the re-opening of two clubs in Arabi, he delivered the request to have the clubs raided by the National Guard in person:

"Names of 225 persons found in the two places, the Jai-Alai Fronton and the Arabi Club, located just outside the New Orleans city limits, were taken for future reference. The patrons, many of whom were women, were released after being questioned." "Neil Simmes, staff photographer for the Time Picayune, was attacked and beaten by about fifty men as he attempted to take a picture. Guardsmen rescued him. He was unconscious when found. Three officers and five men went to the Jai-Alai Club and two officers and five men to the Arabi Club. The establishments face each other on the same street." Heavily armed, the soldiers entered the clubs, women screamed and several fainted. A shot rang out, believed to have been fired by a sentry on guard to warn the gamblers of what was taking place. There was a quick grab for money on the gaming tables. Order was restored in a few moments. In a bonfire this afternoon the gambling paraphernalia that was flammable was burned. The remainder was hacked to bits with axes....

These establishments continued to operate until 1952, when they were shut down as part of a statewide crackdown on illegal gambling after the appointment of United States Army Colonel Francis Grevemberg as superintendent of the Louisiana State Police.

Historic areas

The St. Bernard Voice, a local paper, began publishing in the late 19th century, and still is produced from a small building on Mehle Street, near the Mississippi river in what was the original settlement.

Most of the area was declared a historic district in the 1970s, including the original St. Bernard Jail, and the remains of the LeBeau Plantation (destroyed by arson November 22, 2013).

Hurricane Betsy
Hurricane Betsy swept over the New Orleans area on the evening of September 9, 1965. Betsy caused a strong storm surge in the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, a deep-water shipping channel to the east and south of New Orleans. Arabi and Chalmette are in St. Bernard Parish east and below New Orleans on the east bank of the Mississippi River. All of St. Bernard parish is sandwiched between the MRGO and the Mississippi River.

The storm surge over topped levees along the channel and on both sides of its terminus at the Industrial Canal in the Ninth Ward. There may have also been a breach of the Back Protection levee along Florida Avenue. The flooding covered areas of Gentilly and both the upper and lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans. The flooding spread to the east and inundated most of Arabi (except for areas of high ground near the river.) In Arabi, Betsy began to die down around 3am. Many residents, thinking the worst had passed, went to sleep around this time. The flooding reached Arabi Park around 4am waking the exhausted survivors to another phase of the disaster. Between 4am and 6am, the water rose between six and eight feet. By dawn, the water was making its way across the railroad grade between Arabi Park and Carolyn Park and flowing into Chalmette.

For days the survivors huddled in a few two-story buildings surrounded by water, with little or no supplies, power, running water or communications. There was no search and rescue or military presence. Eventually, they evacuated themselves by using their own fishing boats. They headed for higher ground which meant St. Claude Avenue (closer to the Mississippi River) in Arabi and the Kaiser Aluminum plant in Chalmette.

Hurricane Katrina
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused an even more massive storm surge which inundated all of Arabi, with water reaching higher than 20 ft in some areas.

Much as occurred in Hurricane Betsy, locals who had elected to remain had noticed the winds had begun dying, this time shortly after dawn. Several stories have been noted of locals talking on cell phones with evacuated relatives as late as 8:30-9:00 a.m. CDT, stating they felt the worst was over. The first wave of water struck shortly after 9:00 a.m. and quickly surged all the way to the levee of the Mississippi River. Areas that had suffered less than 3–4 feet of water after Betsy were submerged as much as 10 ft.

In the Arabi Park area, the surge crossed over elevated railroad tracks and the resultant wave washed many homes off of their foundations, and completely destroyed others. Again, as in Hurricane Betsy the locals immediately began evacuating themselves and their neighbors using private boats. They brought them to the Mississippi river levee, which for several days was the only dry ground on the east side of the river for many miles. Local officials including U.S. Wildlife and Fisheries agents stationed in the parish moved quickly to seal off the area and supply food and water to the survivors. A makeshift evacuation was begun by confiscating small ferry boats, and moving the people to the west bank of the river at Algiers Point, where buses were used to move them out of the area. Most of this activity was not covered by the media due to the greater coverage of nearby New Orleans.

March
On March 22, 2022, an intense EF3 tornado struck Arabi just after 7:30 p.m. CDT, resulting in widespread damage along Friscoville Avenue, St. Bernard Highway, and Judge Perez Drive. Numerous homes were severely damaged or destroyed, cars were tossed, and many trees and power poles were snapped. Arabi Elementary School was damaged as well, and a brewery and a church were also destroyed. The tornado had originated near Gretna before passing through Arabi and continuing to New Orleans East. One person was killed, and several others were injured. Large metal transmission towers sustained major damage, and Arabi was left without power for days after the tornado.

December
On December 14, 2022, just nine months after the EF3 tornado struck the area, a strong EF2 tornado struck Arabi at around 4:00 p.m. CDT, again causing severe damage to the area. Homes in Arabi sustained significant structural damage, trees and power lines were downed, and the same brewery that was destroyed in the March tornado was destroyed once again. No fatalities occurred, though six people were injured.

Geography
Arabi is located at 29.9575°N, -89.99889°W (29.957554, -89.998994).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 sqmi, of which 1.8 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi is water.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,533 people, 1,683 households, and 961 families residing in the CDP.

Religion
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans operates area Catholic churches. In 2008 it closed St. Louise Marillac Church in Arabi. It, along with three other churches, were consolidated into Our Lady of Prompt Succor Church in Chalmette. The archdiocese razed the church in 2009.

Education
Residents are zoned to schools in the St. Bernard Parish Public Schools.

As of 2007, Chalmette High School serves the population.

Notable people

 * Patrick Scheuermann, Director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center
 * Christina Cuenca, Miss Louisiana USA 2006
 * Al Copeland, founder of Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits
 * Juvenile, Southern rapper
 * Kenneth L. Odinet Sr., state representative for District 103, 1988-2008
 * Edward Ripoll, state representative for District 103, 1984–1988

title: Arabi, Louisiana


text:
Chalmette, Louisiana

Chalmette is a census-designated place (CDP) in, and the parish seat of, St. Bernard Parish in southeastern Louisiana, United States. The 2010 census reported that Chalmette had 16,751 people; 2011 population was listed as 17,119; however, the pre-Katrina population was 32,069 at the 2000 census. At the 2020 U.S. census, its population rebounded to 21,562. Chalmette is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area. Chalmette is located east of downtown New Orleans and south of Arabi, towards Lake Borgne.

The community was named for plantation owner Louis-Xavier Martin de Lino de Chalmette. Chalmette was appended to the family name after acquiring their Louisiana plantation, in honour of Louis-Xavier Martin de Lino's paternal great-grandmother, Antoinette Chalmette (died 1711) "Chalmette," in French, means pasture, or fallow land, (and traces to the Proto-Celtic word "kalm").

History
Chalmette was founded by plantation owner Louis-Xavier Martin de Lino de Chalmette (1720–1755), a native of Quebec and grandson of René-Louis Chartier de Lotbinière of Maison Lotbinière. His eldest son, Louis Xavier Martin de Lino de Chalmette (1753–1814) was born there and married the sister of Antoine Philippe de Marigny, grandfather of Bernard de Marigny.

In January 1815, the Battle of New Orleans was fought at the Chalmette plantation, then owned by his second son, Ignace Martin de Lino de Chalmette (1755–1815), a maternal half-brother of Col. Pierre Denis de La Ronde (founder of Versailles, Louisiana), who commanded the Louisiana militia's Third Regiment during the battle. The American forces under Major General Andrew Jackson defeated the British forces (led by brevet Lieutenant General Sir Edward Pakenham). On Andrew Jackson's orders, the Chalmette plantation was completely destroyed during the battle to prevent the British from using it for cover.

The battlefield is preserved as a national monument complete with visitor center, and the Chalmette National Cemetery is adjacent. Since the mid-1970s, the site has been part of the Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, a multi-site National Park Service property with its headquarters located in the French Quarter of New Orleans.

The Greek Revival-style plantation house next to the Chalmette battlefield, named the Malus-Beauregard House, was built in 1830 and is open to the public.

From 1951 to 1983, Chalmette was the location of a major Kaiser Aluminum plant.

Hurricane Katrina
On August 29, 2005, a 25 ft storm surge from Hurricane Katrina overflowed through the Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal (commonly known as MRGO) — a commercial channel dug by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in the 1960s — and flooded most of the town, with waters as high as 14 to 15 feet (4.9 m) in some places. As a result, Chalmette was extensively swamped and destroyed. A majority of the population evacuated shortly before the storm hit, but there was still significant loss of life.

As of October 25, 2005, most of the buildings were deemed unsalvageable. Despite findings published by the U.S. EPA, the toxic chemicals in the water from local oil refineries have been postulated to be an ongoing health hazard by several civilian ecological groups. Especially notable was the large oil spill originating in Chalmette's Murphy Oil facility, where the storm surge knocked over a huge oil tank (see photo below).

The parish administrative headquarters served as the site for a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) trailer park for numerous civil servants who were laboring in the rebuilding effort. A year later, parish employees were still working shifts around the clock to bring the community back to life.

Another center in the rebuilding effort was centered at the church of Our Lady of Prompt Succor, which served the congregations of the seven other Roman Catholic parishes as well as the main office of Catholic Relief Services. It also served as the only place to hold funerals for the first 12 months after Katrina.

Deputies working for the St. Bernard Parish Sheriff stated in early December 2005 that the oil tank floated in the flood. When the water receded, the tank settled on uneven ground. Its structural integrity was compromised, and then the oil spill occurred. By late November, the Murphy facility was functional, as was a small cluster of businesses around the intersection of Paris Road and St. Bernard Highway, on the least damaged River side of Chalmette. The devastated residential areas farther away from the River were open during daylight hours, for residents to salvage belongings from their damaged homes. The majority of people staying in Chalmette full-time were living in trailers, which began to be supplied by FEMA or private enterprises on October 12; although many who had been promised FEMA trailer housing were still waiting as late as March 2006, seven months after the hurricane.

"Camp Premier," renamed "Camp Hope," was established as a base camp for the community's rebuilding efforts, facilitating the work of relief organizations, the National Guard, and private individuals. As of August 2007, the camp is located at P.G.T. Beauregard Middle School and operated by Habitat for Humanity, to provide for relief volunteers in St. Bernard Parish. Other organizations, such as the St. Bernard Project, have also participated in the rebuilding of Chalmette, from distributing supplies, to clearing debris, to repairing damaged houses.

The Chalmette Battlefield was also partially flooded in low-lying areas, destroying the visitor center, which has since been rebuilt.

Gradual recovery

St. Bernard Parish has celebrated Mardi Gras with parades in Chalmette. In February 2006, the krewe of the Knights of Nemesis held a parade, past many buildings still in ruins, along the streets of Chalmette.

As of early 2008, many businesses have returned to the area, schools have reopened, although the population remains significantly below pre-Katrina levels.

Due to Hurricane Katrina, the St. Bernard Parish School Board succeeded in getting a school open despite considerable difficulties, including telling FEMA that it would not wait for the agency. The parish opened the St. Bernard Unified School as a K-12 school in late 2005.

With the opening of the 2006–2007 school year, the Unified school reverted to Chalmette High School and now houses grades 9-12. The former Andrew Jackson High School has been repaired and now houses grades 6–8. Trist Middle School houses grades 6 through 8.

The Catholic and private school sector was lost to Katrina. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans has consolidated all local schools into one, on the Our Lady of Prompt Succor campus. It has grades PK-8.

Geography
Chalmette is located at 29.94556°N, -89.96167°W (29.945504, -89.961602), along the Mississippi River and has an elevation of 3 ft. It is located east of New Orleans, and is part of the Greater New Orleans area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.9 sqmi, of which 7.3 sqmi is land, and 0.6 sqmi (7.56%) is water.

Demographics
At the 2020 United States census, there were 21,562 people, 7,544 households, and 5,116 families residing in the CDP. At the 2019 American Community Survey, the racial and ethnic makeup of the census-designated place was 68.8% non-Hispanic white, 22.2% African American, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.4% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 1.9% some other race, and 3.1% two or more races. Hispanics and Latin Americans of any race made up 10.6% of the population. Of the population, 11.5% spoke a language other than English at home; Spanish was the second most-spoken language. In 2019, the median household income was $43,976 and an estimated 22.4% of the population lived at or below the poverty line. By 2020, the racial and ethnic composition of the CDP was 50.8% non-Hispanic white, 25.82% Black or African American, 0.42% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.94% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 4.98% multiracial or some other race, and 15.02% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.

Sports and recreation

 * Frederick J. Sigur Civic Center - Auditorium and ballroom
 * Val Riess Recreation Complex - baseball fields, softball fields and multi-purpose building

Education
It is in the St. Bernard Parish School District.
 * Chalmette High School

Notable people

 * Walter Boasso, former state senator
 * Jimmy Messa, popular New Orleans musician, bass player for Americana band The Subdudes.
 * Kevin Northcutt, professional wrestler
 * Mitchell Robinson, American basketball player for the New York Knicks of the NBA
 * Norris Weese, quarterback for Ole Miss and the Denver Broncos
 * Tommy Wiseau, film director, producer, and actor.

title: Chalmette, Louisiana


text:
Meraux, Louisiana

Meraux is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 6,804 in 2020. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
In 2005, the town was devastated by storm surge and wind associated with Hurricane Katrina which destroyed the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal (MRGO) levee.

Geography
Meraux is located at 29.9275°N, -89.91861°W (29.927561, -89.918508). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12.4 km$2$), of which 4.2 square miles (10.8 km$2$) is land and 0.6 square mile (1.6 km$2$) (12.94%) is water.

Demographics
In 2000, there were 10,192 people, 3,707 households, and 2,772 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,447.8 PD/sqmi. There were 3,793 housing units at an average density of 911.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.71% White, 3.66% African American, 0.47% Native American, 1.63% Asian, 0.33% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.07% of the population. At the 2020 United States census, there were 6,804 people, 2,184 households, and 1,632 families residing in the CDP. The racial makeup was 65.06% non-Hispanic white, 14.77% Black or African American, 0.59% Native American, 2.23% Asian, 4.53% mixed or other race, and 12.82% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Education
Residents are zoned to schools in the St. Bernard Parish Public Schools.

As of 2007, Chalmette High School serves the population.

title: Meraux, Louisiana


text:
Poydras, Louisiana

Poydras is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,886 at the 2000 census and 2,536 in 2020. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area. Poydras is on the East Bank of the Mississippi River, just upriver from the Plaquemines Parish line.

History
Poydras was first settled in the 18th century by Isleños when Louisiana was a Spanish colony. Presumably, the town is named for Julien Poydras.

Albert Estopinal, Jr., a St. Bernard Parish district attorney, judge, and sheriff, was born in Poydras in 1869 to later U.S. Representative, Albert Estopinal, Sr.

The locally constructed levee failed during the 1922 flood and the community of Poydras was destroyed. Some historians claim that the levee break was intentional to save the City of New Orleans. The New Orleans river stage dropped .2 foot within 24 hours of the Poydras crevasse and a sound levee had been inspected and reported only 30 minutes before the breach occurred.

Poydras was severely damaged by the impact of Hurricane Katrina on 29 August 2005.

Geography
Poydras is located at 29.86972°N, -89.88889°W (29.869696, -89.888955).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.4 sqmi, of which 4.2 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (4.81%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,886 people, 1,361 households, and 1,023 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 934.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,518 housing units at an average density of 364.9 /sqmi. According to the 2020 United States census, there were 2,536 people, 944 households, and 638 families residing in the CDP. The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.88% White, 8.65% African American, 0.77% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races in 2000. Hispanic or Latinos of any race were 5.22% of the population. By 2020 its racial makeup was 62.46% non-Hispanic white, 14.71% Black or African American, 0.79% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 4.3% multiracial or another race, and 17.31% Hispanic or Latino of any race, reflecting the demographic shift of American self-identification.

Education
Residents are zoned to schools in the St. Bernard Parish Public Schools.

As of 2015 Chalmette High School serves the population.

title: Poydras, Louisiana


text:
Violet, Louisiana

Violet is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 5,758 at the 2020 census. Violet is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River, approximately 7.5 mi southeast of New Orleans and is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area.

History
The area now known as Violet was originally part of the Livaudais Plantation. Violet sprang up after the development of the Violet Canal. It was named by canal booster Albert Covington Janin, after his wife Violet Blair Janin, a Washington, D.C. socialite and part of the influential Blair family for whom the Blair House across from the White House in Washington D.C. is named. Albert Janin spent his youth in St. Bernard Parish in the large Janin family home. His father, Louis Janin, Sr., a prominent lawyer who had immigrated from France to New Orleans in 1828, sent his sons to Europe for their education, including Albert. Albert was a partner with his father's law firm, including the office in Washington, D. C., where he remained after marrying into the Blair family. His and Violet's life together is told in Virginia Jean Laas's book, Love and Power in the Nineteenth Century, the Marriage of Violet Blair.

Hurricane Katrina
On August 29, 2005, the community was devastated by storm surge and wind associated with Hurricane Katrina which topped the Hurricane Protection Levee and destroyed the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal (MRGO) levee. Camp Hope housed volunteers assisting residents of St. Bernard Parish in their recovery from Hurricane Katrina. It was located at the W. Smith Elementary School, 6701 E. St. Bernard Highway.

Geography
Violet is located at 29.90111°N, -89.89694°W (29.901244, -89.896860), in southern Louisiana on the Gulf Coast. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.5 square miles (11.8 km$2$), of which 4.1 square miles (10.5 km$2$) is land and 0.5 square mile (1.2 km$2$) (10.57%) is water.

Economy
Violet is the proposed location of the Louisiana International Terminal Project, designed to allow the largest of global container ships a location on the lower Mississippi at which to berth.

Demographics
At the 2000 United States census, there were 8,555 people, 2,744 households, and 2,266 families residing in the CDP. After Hurricane Katrina struck in 2005, the 2010 U.S. census determined its population declined to 4,973. The 2019 American Community Survey estimated its population rebounded to 5,755. In 2020, its population was 5,758. Among its population, the median age was 37.7, and 73.8% of the population were aged 18 and older. An estimated 6.6% were aged 5 and under, and 13.3% aged 65 and older.

The racial and ethnic makeup of the census-designated place was 64.5% Black and African American, 31.8% non-Hispanic white, 3.1% some other race, and 0.7% two or more races. Hispanic and Latin Americans of any race made up 7.6% of the population. In 2000, the racial makeup of the CDP was 58.29% White American, 38.77% African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latin Americans of any race were 4.29% of the population.

Approximately 8.2% of the population spoke a language other than English at home, and Spanish was the second most-spoken language at the 2019 census-estimates.

The median income for a household was $36,792 and 22.4% of the population lived at or below the poverty line. Males had a median income of $34,732 from 2015 to 2019, versus $23,643 for females. In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $32,993, and the median income for a family was $36,616. Males had a median income of $32,012 versus $24,799 for females.

Notable people

 * Elmer R. Tapper, former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives

title: Violet, Louisiana


text:
Ama, Louisiana

Ama is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. Ama is on the West Bank of the Mississippi River, just west of the Jefferson Parish line. The population was 1,290 at the 2020 census.

History
Ama was named in honor of Amazalie Perret, the postmaster's daughter.

Geography
Ama is located at 29.94222°N, -90.30389°W (29.942144, -90.303940). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.4 sqmi, of which 3.6 sqmi is land and 0.9 sqmi (19.78%) is water.

Demographics
According to the 2000 United States census, there were 1,285 people residing in Ama. By 2020, its population increased to 1,290. At the 2019 American Community Survey, there were 79.8 males per 100 females and the median age among its population was 40.

From 2010 census estimates to the 2020 census non-Hispanic or Latino whites and Black or African Americans have remained the largest racial and ethnic groups in the CDP, although multiracial Americans were also prominent. In 2000, the Ama's racial and ethnic makeup was 64.9% White, 34.4% Black or African American, 0.16% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.16% Asian, 0.16% from some other race, 0.23% from two or more races, and 1.01% Hispanic or Latino American of any race.

Economically, the median income for a household in the CDP was $57,794; the CDP's mean income for a household was $65,775, up from a median of $41,691 in 2000. Among its population, 9.5% were approximately at or below the poverty line; 1.9% of families were below the poverty line in 2019.

Education
St. Charles Parish Public School System operates public schools:
 * Hahnville High School in Boutte

Previously the Ama School served the community.

Notable people

 * Dana "Pokey" Chatman, former LSU Head Women's Basketball Coach, Head Coach Of Russia's Spartak in Euroleague; Head Coach and General Manager of WNBA's Chicago Sky. Cousin to Dawan and LaRon Landry.
 * Dawan Landry, former American Football player, named to the 2006 Pro Football Weekly/Professional Football Writers of America All-Rookie Team. The older brother of LaRon Landry and cousin to "Pokey" Chatman.
 * LaRon Landry, former American Football player, the sixth overall selection in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft by Washington. The younger brother of Dawan Landry and cousin to "Pokey" Chatman.
 * Sabrina Le Beauf, actress, mostly known from The Cosby Show, as Sandra Huxtable.
 * Dr Renard L Murray, Senior Federal Executive, worked in Washington, DC, Baltimore MD, Atlanta, New York, Boston. Responsible for leading efforts across the Nation for the Affordable Care Act signed into law by President Obama. Chaired the White House Initiative for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and the Atlanta Federal Executive Board. The uncle of Dawan and Laron Landry and also cousin to “Pokey” Chatman.

title: Ama, Louisiana


text:
Bayou Gauche, Louisiana

Bayou Gauche is a census-designated place and fishing village, with an adjacent natural bayou and wetlands. It is located in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of 2020, its population was 2,161.

Geography
Bayou Gauche is part of the Greater New Orleans region. It is located at 29.82528°N, -90.43472°W (29.825162, -90.434727).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the designated CDP has a total area of 20.2 sqmi, of which 17.6 sqmi is land and 2.6 sqmi (12.93%) is water.

Demographics
In 2020, it had a population of 2,161.

Economy
The fishing and shellfish industries have been important in the local economy. Some residences for people in those fields, and their families, are stilt houses in the bayou and wetlands.

Oil wells for petroleum production are also present.

Education
St. Charles Parish Public School System operates public schools:
 * R. J. Vial Elementary School (grades 3-5) in Paradis - Opened in 1975
 * J. B. Martin Middle School (grades 6-8) in Paradis

title: Bayou Gauche, Louisiana


text:
Boutte, Louisiana

Boutte is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,075 at the 2010 census, and 3,054 in 2020.

Geography
Boutte is located at 29.90111°N, -90.38639°W (29.901060, -90.386434).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.8 sqmi, of which 3.7 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi (0.80%) is water.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,054 people, 1,080 households, and 838 families residing in the CDP.

Education
St. Charles Parish Public School System operates public schools:
 * R. J. Vial Elementary School (grades 3-5) in Paradis - Opened in 1975
 * J. B. Martin Middle School (grades 6-8) in Paradis
 * Hahnville High School in Boutte

Notable people

 * Alfred Blue - NFL running back
 * Garland Robinette - Journalist and news anchor

title: Boutte, Louisiana


text:
Destrehan, Louisiana

Destrehan is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 11,340. It is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River. Destrehan is part of the New Orleans—Metairie—Kenner metropolitan statistical area.

Etymology
The community is named after Jean Noël Destréhan (1754–1823), who was twice President of the Orleans Territory's legislative council during his service there in 1806 and 1811. He was elected to the United States Senate when Louisiana became a state in 1812, but he resigned after a month. He served in the Louisiana State Senate from 1812 to 1817.

Destrehan Plantation, his former home, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The main house has been restored and is one of the attractions on the Great River Road along the Mississippi River.

Geography
Destrehan is located at 29.96222°N, -90.36917°W (29.962307, -90.369160).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.9 sqmi, of which 6.9 sqmi are land and 1.0 sqmi (12.41%) is water.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 11,340 people, 4,257 households, and 3,334 families residing in the CDP.

Education
St. Charles Parish Public School System operates public schools:
 * Destrehan High School (9–12)
 * Harry M. Hurst Middle School (Formerly 7–8 & presently 6–8)
 * Ethel Schoeffner Elementary School (Formerly 4–6 & presently 3–5)
 * New Sarpy Elementary School (Formerly PK–3 & presently PK–2)

In popular culture
Destrehan Plantation was used as a set in the film 12 Years a Slave (2013).

Notable people

 * Paul Boudreau, assistant coach of the New Orleans Saints
 * Paul F. Boudreau, NFL and CFL assistant coach
 * Joel T. Chaisson, II, District Attorney and Louisiana State Senate President
 * Jean Noël Destréhan, U.S. Senator
 * Jesse Duplantis, televangelist
 * Hoffman Franklin Fuller, professor-emeritus at Tulane University Law School and Bossier City mayor
 * Shelley Hennig, actress and Miss Teen USA 2004
 * Dalton Hilliard, NFL running back for the New Orleans Saints
 * Joe Horn, NFL wide receiver for the Kansas City Chiefs, New Orleans Saints and Atlanta Falcons
 * Justin Jefferson, wide receiver for Louisiana State University and Minnesota Vikings
 * Harry J. Kember Jr., member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
 * Tanner Lee, NFL quarterback for the Jacksonville Jaguars
 * Glen Logan, NFL defensive tackle for the Cleveland Browns
 * Kirk Merritt, NFL wide receiver for the Miami Dolphins and New Orleans Saints
 * Gregory A. Miller, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
 * Jim E. Mora, head coach of the New Orleans Saints
 * Bum Phillips, head coach of the New Orleans Saints
 * Ed Reed, NFL safety for the Baltimore Ravens
 * Mike Scifres, NFL punter for the San Diego Chargers
 * Hubert Shurtz, NFL tackle with the Philadelphia Eagles
 * Byron O. Thomas, known by stage name Mannie Fresh, rapper and producer
 * Devon Walker, safety for Tulane University and New Orleans Saints

title: Destrehan, Louisiana


text:
Hahnville, Louisiana

Hahnville is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the parish seat of St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,792 at the 2000 census and 2,959 in 2020. For information on the origin of Hahnville, see Michael Hahn (1830–1886).

Geography
Hahnville is located at 29.96694°N, -90.41°W (29.967081, -90.410129).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.8 sqmi, of which 7.8 sqmi is land and 1.0 sqmi (11.79%) is water.

History
In the second half of the 19th century, the village of Hahnville was established by Michael Hahn, 19th Governor of Louisiana, near his plantation in St. Charles Parish where he had been living since his retirement in 1872.

Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,959 people, 1,354 households, and 897 families residing in the CDP.

Education
St. Charles Parish Public School System operates public schools:
 * Hahnville High School in Boutte, on the west bank of the Mississippi River.

Notable people

 * LaRon Byrd – NFL wide receiver
 * Jack Carey, jazz trombonist
 * Mutt Carey – jazz trumpeter
 * Michael Hahn – 19th-century state judge, governor and U.S. representative
 * Mary Ann Vial Lemmon – U.S. federal judge
 * Herb Simpson, Negro league and minor league baseball player

title: Hahnville, Louisiana