text:
Chappaqua, New York

Chappaqua is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of New Castle, in northern Westchester County, New York. It is approximately 30 mi north of New York City. The hamlet is served by the Chappaqua station of the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line. In the New York State Legislature it is within the New York State Assembly's 93rd district and the New York Senate's 40th district. In Congress the village is in New York's 17th District.

Chappaqua was founded by a group of Quakers in the 1730s and was the home of Horace Greeley, New-York Tribune editor and U.S. congressman. He now names Chappaqua's high school.

Many notable people have called Chappaqua home. Leo Esaki, a Japanese physicist, was living in town when he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973. Since the late 1990s, the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton, and the 67th secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, have lived there.

History
In the early 1730s, a group of Quakers moved north from Purchase, New York, to settle in present-day Chappaqua. They built their homes on Quaker Road (more recently, Quaker Street) and held their meetings at the home of Abel Weeks. Their meeting house was built in 1753 and still holds weekly meetings each Sunday. The area around the meeting house, known as Old Chappaqua Historic District, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Horace Greeley's home, known as Rehoboth and built by Greeley himself, still stands in Chappaqua. It is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with Chappaqua Railroad Depot and Depot Plaza, Church of Saint Mary the Virgin and Greeley Grove, and the Greeley House.

Various spellings were used for the name they heard Native Americans use for their valley and hillside. It was an Algonquian word, shah-pah-ka, and it meant "the rustling land" or "the rattling land," or a place where nothing is heard but the rustling of the wind in the leaves. The Quakers spelled it Shapiqua, Shapaqua, Shapequa, Shappaqua, and, finally, Chappaqua. Their meeting was often referred to as the Shapequa Meeting as early as 1745.

On March 18, 1791, the government of New York decided to split the overly large town of North Castle (jokingly called "the two saddlebags") into two smaller towns, one of which was named New Castle. The border was drawn from the southwest corner of Bedford to the northeast edge of Mount Pleasant. New Castle's borders have remained the same since 1791, except for a small piece of land received from Somers in 1846 and the secession of Mount Kisco in 1978.

Chappaqua had great streams such as the Saw Mill River and Roaring Brook. These bodies of water powered mills to crush corn and press oil from beans. The eastern half of Chappaqua was very suitable for farming. The majority of the Quaker settlers of Chappaqua were farmers. The popular farming industry also helped give way to Chappaqua's high milk production. Other popular industries from Chappaqua included shoes, hardware, vinegar, pickles, eyeglasses, and furniture. Many early homes and businesses were demolished in the 1904 Chappaqua tornado.

In 1846 when the New York and Harlem Railroad extended through Chappaqua, business became centered on the new train station. These businesses included a hotel, livery stables, a public library, and various stores and small factories. The railroad enabled commuters to travel to New York City and back each day.

Geography
According to the 2020 U.S. census, Chappaqua has a total area of 0.45 sqmi, all land. As delineated for the 2000 census, the CDP of Chappaqua covered a much greater area: 9.44 sqmi, of which 9.38 sqmi was land and 0.06 sqmi, or 0.64%, was water.

Parts of the Chappaqua ZIP Code area are located in the towns of Mount Kisco, New Castle, Mount Pleasant, Yorktown, and Bedford, and the hamlet of Millwood. Parts of the Chappaqua Central School District include homes in other zip codes, such as 10570, the Pleasantville zip code.

Chappaqua is accessible from the Saw Mill River Parkway, which runs through Westchester County.

Downtown Chappaqua
Chappaqua has a vibrant downtown along King Street and South Greeley Avenue. It includes many commercial buildings such as Pizza Station, Little Thai Kitchen, a Bank of America office, and various local hardware shops. South Greeley Avenue is also home to Robert E. Bell Middle school, the Chappaqua Library, and the local police station.

Demographics

As of the 2010 census, following a major revision to the delineation of its boundaries by the Census Bureau, the population was 1,436. At the 2000 census, with very different census-defined boundaries, Chappaqua had a population of 9,468. Note the Chappaqua census-designated-place is different from the Hamlet of Chappaqua, which has a much higher population as part of the Town of New Castle.

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,434 people residing in Chappaqua. According to the 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, there are 595 housing units and the median household income is $250,000+. The racial makeup of the CDP was 76.1% White alone, 0% Black or African American alone, 0% Native American alone, 22.6% Asian alone, 0% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander alone, 0% some other race alone, and 1.3% from two or more races.

According to the 2010 census], the median age was 39 years, with 3.8% of the population under 5, 81.6% 18 and older, and 10% 65 and older. Males had a median income of $207,083 versus $128,750 for females. 0% of families were below the poverty line. 6.6% of people old enough had a high school or equivalent degree of education, 5.8 had some college but no degree, 4% had an associate degree, 37.3% had a bachelor's degree, and 46.3% had a graduate or professional degree.

Nationwide, Chappaqua ranks 42nd among the 100 highest-income places in the United States (with at least 1,000 households). In 2008, CNNMoney listed Chappaqua fifth in their list of "25 top-earning towns." Chappaqua 2007 estimated median household income was $198,000.

Crime
Although Chappaqua's crime rate is far below the national average, the area has had a few high-profile murders. In 1996, a battle between a lottery winner and his former lover over custody of their 5-year-old child resulted in a gun battle; the winner was acquitted of the murder of his former lover on the basis of self-defense, and convicted of the shooting of the woman's father. In November 2006 a disbarred attorney drove the body of his severely injured wife to Northern Westchester Hospital, claiming that the couple had been ambushed and shot in the nearby town of Millwood. She died soon after. For over a year, police expressed skepticism about the husband's account and did not rule him out as a suspect. In December 2007 the man was charged with his wife's murder after trying to collect on life insurance policies. Carlos Perez-Olivo was convicted October 4, 2008 for the murder of his wife, Peggy Perez-Olivo, who had been working as a teaching assistant at Douglas Grafflin Elementary School in Chappaqua.

Notable structures

A Georgian-inspired mansion in Chappaqua served as the shooting location for the 2022 horror film Bodies Bodies Bodies.
 * The international headquarters of Reader's Digest was in Chappaqua. The exterior featured statues of Pegasus.
 * The Chappaqua Friends Meeting House, circa 1753, is the oldest extant Quaker meeting house in Westchester County, and is a contributing property to the Old Chappaqua Historic District.
 * America's first concrete barn was completed by Horace Greeley on his Chappaqua farm in 1856. It was also one of the first concrete buildings ever built in the U.S. Greeley's daughter and son-in-law later remodeled it into their house and named it Rehoboth.
 * Part of the original structure of one of Horace Greeley's homes is part of the present-day New Castle Historical Society.
 * The Shamberg House, designed by Richard Meier, was built in Chappaqua in 1974.

Farmers Market
Chappaqua downtown includes a farmer's market near the Saw Mill River Pkwy. It boasts a variety of local vegetables and fruits and is open during the spring, summer, and the rest of harvest season.

Education
In 2024, Chappaqua Central School District had around 3.5 thousand students from grades K-12, above the national average.

Around 1928, Robert E. Bell Middle School, known at the time as Horace Greeley School, was built. The present day Horace Greeley High School was built in 1957. The three elementary schools in Chappaqua were completed over a twenty-year period: Roaring Brook School in 1951, Douglas G. Grafflin in 1962, and Westorchard in 1971.

In 2003, after the opening of the new middle school, Seven Bridges, and the moving of the fifth grade from Chappaqua's elementary schools to the middle schools, the district added a full day kindergarten.

In 2024, Chappaqua Central School District was ranked as the 17th best public school district in New York State.

Schools currently operating in Chappaqua include:
 * Robert E. Bell MS
 * Douglas Grafflin ES
 * Seven Bridges MS
 * Roaring Brook ES
 * Horace Greeley High School
 * Westorchard ES

History of Chappaqua schools
Small, one-room schoolhouses devoid of windows were prevalent in the 1800s. In the Chappaqua region, there were eight such schoolhouses. These small schools prevailed until around 1870, when the Quakers built a large school called the Chappaqua Mountain Institute on Quaker Street. In the year 1885 the school caught fire, and much refurbishing was done, with the addition of two new wings. It was sold in 1908 and the school's property is now owned by Children's Aid.

Emergency services
Emergency medical services and fire protection are provided by volunteer agencies. The Chappaqua Volunteer Ambulance Corps provides basic life support services to most of New Castle, including Chappaqua. Paramedic service is provided by Westchester EMS, a non-profit provider. The hamlet is protected by the New Castle Police Department, which also provides first-response services for medical emergencies. The volunteer-based Chappaqua Fire Department, established in 1910, provides firefighting services to the hamlet of Chappaqua. The fire department currently maintains two firehouses in Chappaqua.

Notable people

 * Bill Ackman, investor and CEO & Founder of Pershing Square Capital Management
 * Adam Arkin, American television, film, and stage actor, son of Alan Arkin
 * Alan Arkin, Academy Award-winning actor, best known for his roles in such films as The In-Laws, Catch-22, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, Wait Until Dark, Argo, and Little Miss Sunshine.
 * Bibi Besch, actress
 * Dave Bickler, lead singer of Survivor
 * Dan Biederman, urban redevelopment expert
 * Mark Bomback, screenwriter
 * Tina L. Brozman, former Chief Justice of the Bankruptcy Court of the Southern District of New York
 * Dan Bucatinsky, actor, producer, director, 2013 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series as James Novak in Scandal.
 * Bill and Hillary Clinton, former governor of Arkansas and U.S. president, and former first lady, U.S. senator, and United States secretary of state. The Clintons purchased their home in Chappaqua for $1.7 million in 1999, near the end of Bill Clinton's presidency.
 * Renee Cox, Jamaican-American artist, photographer, political activist, and curator
 * Ace Frehley, lead guitarist of Kiss
 * Eric Fromm, tennis player
 * Jean Craighead George, author of children's novels My Side of the Mountain (set in the Catskills) and Julie of the Wolves
 * Bob Giraldi, television and commercial director
 * Earl G. Graves, Jr., former NBA player
 * Horace Greeley, reformer, politician, editor of the newspaper New York Tribune. He came to Chappaqua to live in a rural area, so in 1853 he bought 78 acre of land just east of the railroad. His land included upland pastures near present-day Aldridge Road, Greeley Hill, and the marshy fields now the site of the Bell Middle School fields and the shopping area along South Greeley Avenue.
 * Nora Guthrie, daughter of Woody Guthrie and sister of Arlo Guthrie
 * Roxanne Hart, American television, film and stage actress, appeared in Highlander, nurse on Chicago Hope among other roles. (Her father, Edward Hart, was principal of Horace Greeley High School)
 * David Ho, prominent HIV/AIDS researcher
 * Ian Hunter, singer and guitar player with the band Mott The Hoople.
 * Mary Beth Hurt, actress
 * Paul F. Iams, founder of the Iams pet food company
 * Kenneth T. Jackson, American historian
 * Stu Jackson, former NBA head coach and current senior vice president of the NBA
 * Herman Kahn, Cold War military strategist
 * Heather Paige Kent, actress, podcaster and reality TV personality
 * Jonathan Klein, former president of CNN
 * Peter Kunhardt, documentary film-maker
 * Sandra Lee, host of Semi-Homemade Cooking with Sandra Lee, a show on the Food Network
 * Brian Leiser, musician
 * Paul Levitz, president of DC Comics
 * Ferdinand Lundberg, author, journalist, economist
 * Andrew McCabe, former acting director of the FBI
 * William F. May, former chairman and chief executive of the American Can Company, co-founder of the Film Society of Lincoln Center.
 * Richard McKelvey, noted political scientist and professor at California Institute of Technology
 * Jordan Mechner, creator of Prince of Persia, also filmmaker
 * Adam Mosseri, entrepreneur, head of Instagram
 * Jacqueline Novak, comedian
 * Daniel O'Keefe, Reader's Digest editor and inventor of the secular holiday Festivus. His son, Dan O'Keefe, popularized the holiday in 1997 by writing it into the plot of the television sitcom Seinfeld.
 * Frank R. Pierson, screenwriter and film director
 * Robert L. "Nob" Rauch, financier and flying disc sports executive
 * Andy Rubin, technology pioneer (hand-held devices)
 * Jay O. Sanders, American character actor
 * Peter Saul, painter
 * Paul Schrader, writer and director
 * John and Elizabeth Sherrill, Christian writers
 * Ben Stiller, actor
 * Bert Sugar, boxing historian
 * Martin J. Sullivan, former president and former chief executive officer of American International Group, Inc.
 * Rene Syler, journalist
 * Christine Taylor, actress
 * Jeff Van Gundy, former head coach of the Houston Rockets, former head coach of the New York Knicks
 * Kevin Wade, screenwriter known best for Working Girl
 * Dar Williams, singer-songwriter
 * Vanessa Williams, Miss America 1984 beauty pageant, model, actress, singer
 * Jenna Wolfe, sportscaster

title: Chappaqua, New York


text:
Cortlandt, New York

Cortlandt is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States, located at the northwestern edge of the county, at the eastern terminus of the Bear Mountain Bridge. The town includes the villages of Buchanan and Croton-on-Hudson.

History
The Bear Mountain Bridge Road and Toll House and the Old Croton Dam are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Cortlandt is also known for its Revolutionary War history, specifically the location of the strategic Kings Ferry between Stony Point and Verplanck's Point, which George Washington's army used to cross the Hudson on its march to Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781. John Trumbull's full-length oil portrait of Washington at Verplanck's Point exists in two versions.

Geography
The town's western borders are the Hudson River and the city of Peekskill. Its northern borders are the towns of Philipstown and Putnam Valley in Putnam County. Its eastern border is the town of Yorktown. Its southern borders are the towns of New Castle and Ossining.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 129.5 km2, of which 101.7 km2 is land and 27.9 km2, or 21.51%, is water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 38,467 people in 13,517 households, including 10,137 families, in the town. The population density was 969.7 PD/sqmi. There were 14,065 housing units at an average density of 354.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 88.60% White, 4.59% African American, 0.21% Native American, 2.57% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.35% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.19%.

Of the 13,517 households 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 21.3% of households were one person and 8.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.22.

The age distribution was 26.5% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

The median household income was $75,442 and the median family income was $89,053. Males had a median income of $59,949 versus $41,115 for females. The per capita income for the town was $33,432. About 2.9% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Commuter service to New York City is available via the Cortlandt train station and the Croton-Harmon train station, served by Metro-North Railroad. Croton-Harmon is also served by Amtrak.

U.S. Route 9 passes through the town along the Hudson River side.

The Appalachian Trail (AT) runs through a very small portion of the north west portion of the town near and over the Bear Mountain Bridge, which is the only section of the AT in Westchester County NY.

Government
Cortlandt is governed by a town board and the Town Supervisor is Dr. Richard Becker, who replaced Linda Puglisi as the longest-serving Town Supervisor in the 200+-year history of the town (30 years). The mayors of Buchanan and Croton are Theresa Knickerbocker and Brian Pugh, respectively. Law enforcement services in Cortlandt are provided by the New York State Police and the Westchester County Department of Public Safety. The villages of Buchanan and Croton-on-Hudson also have their own, independent police departments.

Communities and locations in Cortlandt

 * Buchanan – the village of Buchanan
 * Cortlandt Manor – a hamlet in the Town of Cortlandt
 * Crompond – A hamlet partially in the Town of Cortlandt
 * Croton-on-Hudson – the village of Croton-on-Hudson
 * Crugers – a hamlet of Cortlandt.
 * Furnace Woods
 * Montrose – a hamlet of Cortlandt. Includes Cortlandt station.
 * Mount Airy – a neighborhood
 * Oscawana – includes Oscawana Island
 * Pleasantside
 * Roe Park
 * Toddville
 * Valeria
 * Van Cortlandtville – The John Jones Homestead, Old St. Peter's Church, and Van Cortlandtville School are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * Verplanck – a hamlet of Cortlandt
 * Woodybrook

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cortlandt, New York


text:
Crompond, New York

Crompond is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Yorktown in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 2,292 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Crompond is located at 41.28917°N, -73.83444°W (41.289126, -73.834385).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.5 sqmi, of which 0.04 sqmi, or 0.80%, is water.

The post office by the same name is approximately two miles west of the CDP, and is located in the Town of Cortlandt.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 2,050 people, 609 households, and 517 families living in the CDP. The population density was 824.7 PD/sqmi. There were 623 housing units at an average density of 250.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.76% White, 2.44% African American, 0.05% Native American, 4.24% Asian, 0.54% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.80%.

Of the 609 households 46.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.4% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.1% were non-families. 12.8% of households were one person and 4.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.30.

The age distribution was 26.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% 65 or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median household income was $88,408 and the median family income was $98,293. Males had a median income of $58,750 versus $41,842 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,292. About 1.3% of families and 2.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Crompond, New York


text:
Croton-on-Hudson, New York

Croton-on-Hudson is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 8,327 at the 2020 United States census over 8,070 at the 2010 census. It is located in the town of Cortlandt as part of New York City's northern suburbs. The village was incorporated in 1898.

History
People lived from at latest about 7000 BC in what would become the village. The Kitchawanc tribe, part of the Wappinger Confederacy of the Algonquian peoples, signed a peace treaty with the newly arriving Dutch people at Croton Point in 1645, now commemorated by a plaque in the park there.

Stephanus van Cortlandt began acquiring land in the area in 1677 (the year he became mayor of New York City) to create a manor. It was granted by royal patent in 1697 as the Manor of Cortlandt, including the area known as Croton Landing where the Croton River meets the Hudson River, where the manor house was built. A 1718 census reports 91 inhabitants including Dutch settlers and English Quakers. People worked the manor primarily as farmers or millers. In the mid- to late 1800s first the Croton Dam, then the New Croton Dam, and the Croton Aqueduct were built on the Croton River to supply New York City, along with the New York Central Railroad station on the Hudson River. Many Irish, Italian and German immigrants moved to the area to work on those projects, increasing the population dramatically. By 1898, when the Village incorporated, the population was 1,000 people, growing to 1,700 people in the early 1900s.

In 1846 work began on a Hudson River rail line from Poughkeepsie to New York City. Clifford Harmon, a realtor, purchased 550 acres of land next to the village of Croton in 1903. He gave part of the land to the New York Central Railroad to build a train station, on the condition that the station would forever be named after him. Today it is called the Croton-Harmon station of the Metro-North Railroad and of Amtrak. In 1906, the station became a major service facility for the railroad. The station expanded even further in 1913, when it became the stop at which electric trains from New York City switched to steam engines. The station still serves this purpose, but for diesel locomotives instead of steam engines.

Harmon thrived as an artist's colony alongside the village, while the neighboring Mount Airy community evolved from Quakers to Greenwich Village artists and writers by the early 1900s. Mount Airy was home to many early members of the American Communist Party. In 1932 Harmon and most of Mount Airy were incorporated into the village.

Geography
Croton-on-Hudson is located at 41.20417°N, -73.88611°W (41.204228, -73.886177) on the shores of the Hudson River. The zip codes are 10520 and 10521.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 10.8 sqmi, of which 4.8 sqmi is land and 6.1 sqmi, or 56.06%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,606 people, 2,798 households, and 2,050 families residing in the village. The population density was 1601.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,859 housing units at an average density of 602.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 91.5% white, 1.9% African American, 0.26% Native American, 2.06% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.58% from other races, and 1.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.93% of the population.

There were 2,798 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $150,260, and the median income for a family was $250,000+.

Government and politics
As of the regular 2017 elections
 * Mayor: Brian Pugh
 * Trustees: Sherry Horowitz, Amy Attias, Ann Gallelli

Economy
Croton-on-Hudson's economy has historically thrived on the Metro North train station that up until the early 1980s served as the point at which northbound trains would exchange their electric engines for other modes of conveyance. During those days, the train station and its super-adjacent area was known as Harmon. Because maintenance of diesel and steam engines was then very labor-intensive, there were many workers whose needs were served by abundant service businesses, such as restaurants and bars. Because of the separate development of both the Harmon and the Mt. Airy communities, there were originally two commercial districts—one centered on Grand Street, and the other in Harmon—though in recent years the two have merged into a single sprawling commercial district. There is also a North Riverside commercial district serving communities along Riverside Drive, Brook Street, Grand Street, and Bank Street.

After the New York Central Railroad folded into Penn Central in 1968, Croton-on-Hudson's economy slowly stagnated. Although Croton-Harmon station still served as the main transfer point northbound between local and express trains, the laborers who had earlier fueled a bustling service economy were no longer present in Harmon. The exodus of labor during the early 1970s was compounded by the stagflation that was a result of higher oil prices and skyrocketing interest rates.

There has been an ongoing effort since the early 1990s to develop the riverfront for recreational use. Among the accomplishments are a pedestrian bridge spanning U.S. Route 9 and NY 9A between the lower village and Senasqua Park, the Crossining pedestrian footbridge across the Croton River, the bicycle trail extensions around Half Moon Bay Condominiums, rehabilitation of the "Picture Tunnel" (repaving and closing it to cars), and acquisition and clearing of the Croton Landing property. In addition, Croton Point Park is also along the riverfront.

Transportation

The town is a stop for Amtrak's Empire Service, Adirondack, Maple Leaf, Ethan Allen Express, and Lake Shore Limited routes, as well the MTA's Metro-North Hudson Line service, both at the Croton-Harmon station. Metro-North's main shops and yards are also located here.

Croton-on-Hudson is served by US 9, NY 9A, and NY 129.

Culture
Croton Point Park hosts Clearwater's Great Hudson River Revival, a yearly folk music, art and environmental festival.

Croton-on-Hudson has an annual event called the Summerfest. Every year the central business district (with corners at the municipal building, Grand Street fire house and Croton-Harmon High School) is closed to automobile traffic for music, American food, local fund raisers, traveling, and local artists.

Since 1981 Croton-on-Hudson has been the home of the annual Harry Chapin Run Against Hunger, a 10k race and Fun Run, held on a Sunday afternoon in October.

Every weekend in October, people visit Van Cortlandt Manor to see the Blaze. Started in 2005, the Blaze consists of thousands of pumpkins which are hollowed out by volunteers but carved by a creative team.

The Asbury United Methodist Church and Bethel Chapel and Cemetery, Croton North Railroad Station, and St. Augustine's Episcopal Church Complex are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Van Cortlandt Manor is listed as a National Historic Landmark.

From the 1910s to the 1960s, Croton was a popular location for the summer homes of American communists, socialists and other radicals and many important artists and writers. This gave the Mt. Airy area in Croton the nickname "Red Hill"

Croton-on-Hudson is the original home of the Hudson Institute, a key Cold War think tank where the "Mutual Assured Destruction" strategy for nuclear war deterrence was developed.

The village is home to one of a handful operating "dummy lights" in the United States, located downtown at the intersection of Old Post Road South and Grand Street. It is a traffic signal on a pedestal which sits in the middle of an intersection, dating back to the 1920s. Another active dummy light located in New York State is at Beacon. The one in Canajoharie was removed in 2021.

Religious organizations

 * Asbury United Methodist Church - a Methodist church
 * Briarcliff, Ossining, Croton Unitarian Universalist Fellowship - a Unitarian Universalist location
 * Community Bible Church - a non-denominational church located near the Teatown area
 * Emin Society - Croton-on-Hudson is the North East American base
 * Holy Name of Mary - a Catholic church
 * Our Saviour Lutheran - a Lutheran church
 * St. Augustine's - an Episcopal church
 * Temple Israel of Northern Westchester - a Reform Judaism temple
 * The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has a local congregation located near the Teatown area

Recreation
Parks and sites of interest in the community include:
 * Croton Dam on the Croton River overlooks the New Croton Reservoir that it creates (outside the village limits in the Town of Cortlandt).
 * Croton Point Park is a 508-acre county park on a large peninsula in the Tappan Zee segment of the Hudson River.
 * Van Cortlandt Manor is a National Historic Landmark established at the mouth of the Croton River at the Hudson River on the Tappan Zee.
 * Teatown Lake Reservation, a 1000-acre preserve and conservation center (outside the village limits within the towns of Yorktown and Cortlandt).
 * Jane E. Lytle Memorial Croton Arboretum conserves over 20 acres of wetlands and woods.
 * Brinton Brook Sanctuary is Saw Mill River Audubon's largest sanctuary, covering 156 acres and offering over three miles of hiking trails through a variety of habitats.
 * Croton Landing Park is a 12.2 acre park containing a 2/3 mile scenic walkway along the Hudson River. The walkway ends at a 9/11 memorial built around a beam from the World Trade Center.
 * Senasqua Park is a 4.6 acre Hudson River waterfront park containing a sailing school and playground, with walkways to Croton Point and Croton Landing Park.
 * Silver Lake Park is a 13.5 acre park with a beach along the Croton River with trails to Carrie E. Tompkins elementary school (CET) and the north tip of Cleveland Drive.
 * Black Rock Park is a 10.5 acre park on the Croton River, near New York State Route 129 (NY 129), within a mile or so of the Croton Dam, used mostly for fly fishing and picnics. It is within 100 yards of a historic bridge which dates from the 1800s on Quaker Hill Road.
 * Mayo's Landing is a 1.1 acre park along the Croton River.
 * Paradise Island Park is a 22.2 acre undeveloped island in the Croton River.

Notable people

 * Alan Abelson, financial writer for Barron's
 * Guy Adami
 * Manny Albam, composer, arranger, RCA and Solid State Records
 * Frances E. Allen, computer scientist, seminal work in compilers, program optimization, and parallel computing
 * Kristen Anderson-Lopez, American film and stage lyricist
 * Nenad Bach
 * Isabel Chapin Barrows, physician, ophthalmologist, professor, congressional stenographer – many "first woman as" achievements
 * Helen Purdy Beale, "mother of plant virology and serology", inventor of standard serology tools used in scientific research and medical diagnosis
 * Charles H. Bennett
 * George Biddle
 * Ramon Bloomberg, artist and music video director
 * Louise Bryant
 * Alexander Calder, artist
 * Isadora Duncan, ballet dancer
 * Crystal Eastman
 * Max Eastman
 * Irving Fierstein, American impressionist painter and designer
 * Carl Folta, Viacom executive
 * Allen Funt
 * William Gaddis
 * Josh Greenfeld
 * Hananiah Harari, American modernist painter and illustrator
 * Mary Hamilton, activist
 * Robb Hanrahan
 * Lorraine Hansberry, playwright and author
 * Lee Elhardt Hays
 * Lawrence R. Jacobs, American political scientist
 * Joseph Heller
 * Sally Jacobsen, first woman as international editor of the Associated Press
 * Stephen Jardine
 * Herman Kahn
 * Roger Kahn, author of The Boys of Summer
 * Ira Kaplan, songwriter and lead guitarist for Yo La Tengo
 * Herbert Keppler
 * Scott Levine, astronomy author and communicator known for his work with BBC Sky at Night Magazine, Sky and Telescope, EarthSky and other outlets.
 * Jeff McCarthy
 * Audra McDonald
 * John Mearsheimer
 * Richard Merkin, American painter and illustrator
 * Edna St. Vincent Millay
 * Ward Morehouse
 * Jessye Norman
 * Elmar Oliveira
 * Jerry Pinkney, a Caldecott award-winning children's book illustrator
 * John Silas Reed
 * Michael Robinson (rabbi), activist for civil rights and human rights
 * Darlene Rodriguez
 * Edward Rondthaler
 * Thomas Secunda, co-founder and vice-chairman of Bloomberg L.P.
 * Gordon Sheer
 * Upton Sinclair, author
 * Nicholas Springer
 * Peter Strauss
 * Gloria Swanson, motion picture actress
 * Hannah Tompkins, American painter and illustrator
 * Joe Vasta
 * William Pulleyblank
 * Donald Wallance

In film and television
Films shot in Croton-on-Hudson include:
 * Daylight: In the opening sequence, the trucks that end up destroying the tunnel drive through Croton-on-Hudson (the steps of the New Croton Dam are visible) and several other towns in Westchester County, New York
 * Guess What We Learned in School Today? – Mentioned in "Big Day Coming: Yo La Tengo and the Rise of Indie Rock"
 * Reds: The main characters were supposed to be in Croton-on-Hudson, but their cottage there was actually filmed in England.
 * Shriek of the Mutilated (1974) (alternate titles: Mutilated, Scream of the Snowbeast)
 * Ganja & Hess
 * Tenderness
 * The Toxic Avenger Part II
 * War of the Worlds: Shot at Croton Point.
 * 30 Rock: The episode "Retreat to Move Forward" from the third season was set in Croton-on-Hudson. The episode features the catchphrase 'what happens in Croton-on-Hudson stays in Croton-on-Hudson.'
 * Madam Secretary 2016, filmed on the Croton River just below Quaker Bridge
 * An Episode of the NBC series Kings was shot at the Croton Dam. The waterfall and bridge leading to Croton Gorge Park are clearly visible and utilized in multiple scenes.
 * General Hospital: A story starting in 2018 involving Sonny Corinthos' start in the mafia involves a him burying a former mob boss in Croton in the 1980s.
 * Scenes for the film Gods Behaving Badly were shot at Croton Point Park in 2011.
 * Was incorrectly referenced as "Croton on the Hudson" in Mad About You, an American situation comedy.
 * The Croton Reservoir was referenced in the American cartoon UnderDog (1964–1973), and the episode was the one where Simon Bar-Sinister is attempting to steal the world's water.
 * The Croton-Harmon Station is used as set of one scene of the 2017 movie You Were Never Really Here.

title: Croton-on-Hudson, New York


text:
Crugers, New York

Crugers is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Cortlandt, Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 1,534 at the 2010 census.

History
Crugers, New York, was named for Col. John P. Cruger.

The community formerly had two New York Central Railroad stations along the Hudson Line; one was Oscawana Station in Oscawana Park, and the other was named for the community at the northwestern end of Crugers Avenue across the tracks from the VA Hudson Valley Health Care System.

Geography
Crugers is located at 41.23306°N, -73.92167°W (41.232981, -73.921586).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the hamlet has a total area of 1.3 sqmi, of which 0.7 sqmi is land and 0.6 sqmi, or 44.44%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,752 people, 826 households, and 327 families residing in the hamlet. The population density was 2,506.4 PD/sqmi. There were 846 housing units at an average density of 1,210.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the hamlet was 92.18% White, 4.05% African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 1.14% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.54% of the population.

There were 826 households, out of which 13.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.8% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 60.3% were non-families. 59.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 44.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.79 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the hamlet the population was spread out, with 12.8% under the age of 18, 2.5% from 18 to 24, 16.0% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 46.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 63 years. For every 100 females, there were 70.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.3 males.

The median income for a household in the hamlet was $30,375, and the median income for a family was $86,598. Males had a median income of $58,571 versus $55,081 for females. The per capita income for the hamlet was $29,643. About 4.5% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Crugers, New York


text:
Dobbs Ferry, New York

Dobbs Ferry is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 10,875 according to the 2010 United States Census. In 2021, its population rose to an estimated 11,456. The village of Dobbs Ferry is located in, and is a part of, the town of Greenburgh. The village ZIP Code is 10522. Most of the village falls within the boundaries of the Dobbs Ferry Union Free School District.

Dobbs Ferry was ranked seventh in the list of the top 10 places to live in New York State for 2014, according to the national online real estate brokerage Movoto. Dobbs Ferry is also the first village in New York State certified as a Climate Smart Community and was granted in 2014 the highest level given out in the state.

History
Multiple groups of Native Americans lived around what is now known as Dobbs Ferry since at least 4500 BC. The most recent tribe who claimed territory of the area are the Wecquaesgeek, maintaining villages until the 1600s. Numerous artifacts from the tribe continue to be found along Wicker's Creek in oyster middens.

Dobbs Ferry was named for the ferry service started in the early 1700s by John Dobbs or his son William. It was not a licensed service, so there are no official records to pin down exactly which Dobbs family member started the service or when. John was English, son of Walter Dobbs who can be found in the historical record getting a liquor license in Manhattan in 1680, leasing land on the East River to harvest salt marsh hay soon after, and serving as a constable in the Bowery Ward. John grew up in Manhattan, the nephew of the wealthy and politically prominent William Merritt, a mariner and businessman. Merritt was mayor of New York from 1695 to 1698 and co-founded Trinity Church (Anglican, now Episcopalian).

John leased the waterfront and adjoining acreage at present-day Dobbs Ferry from Frederick Phillips in 1698, when he was about 23 and single. Simultaneously his uncle William Merritt moved to a large parcel he co-owned on the opposite bank, at what was later called Snedens Landing (now Palisades, NY). It was a natural place for a ferry since it was the first spot going north from the city where the west bank was not blocked by the sheer rock cliff known as The Palisades. Merritt needed to get out of the city, because he had been an anti-Leislerite, allied with those who engineered Jacob Leisler's trial and hanging in 1691 and therefore faced a perilous future in the city when a pro-Leislerite royal governor was sent over in 1698. (An anti-Leislerite ally who stayed in the city was arrested, charged with treason and sentenced to death by the re-ascendant Leislerites, though the sentence was not carried out.)

With members of the Dobbs/Merritt clan living on both sides of the river, the ferry service probably evolved as an adjunct to intra-family crossings of the river. By 1739 ownership of the ferry service passed to Robert and Mary ("Mollie) Sneden who first rented and then bought a portion of Merritt's former holdings. Mary is believed by some to have been John's daughter Mary Dobbs.  There is no proof of this, but Mary's Christening was recorded at Sleepy Hollow Church and the date matches Mary Sneden's birth year.  Moreover, there is no alternative adulthood recorded for Mary Dobbs and no alternative childhood for Mary Sneden.

The ferry service continued until about 1943. Members of the Sneden and Dobbs families were involved almost throughout, including all of the 19th century and parts of the 20th century. There is a conflicting version of this history that is widely disseminated, which gives a prominent role to one Jeremiah Dobbs, but this has been debunked by recent careful research. There was a Jeremiah Dobbs among John's descendants, but there is no evidence he played any important role in the ferry.

Dobbs Ferry played a vital role in the American Revolutionary War. The position of the village opposite the northernmost end of the Palisades gave it importance during the war. The region was repeatedly raided by camp followers of each army; the British army made Dobbs Ferry a rendezvous, after the Battle of White Plains in November 1776, and the continental division under General Benjamin Lincoln was here at the end of January 1777.

Mary Sneden and all but one of her sons were Tories (Robert Sneden Senior died before the war). Patriots on the west bank ordered the Tory Snedens to cease their involvement with the ferry because they were aiding the British cause. One son, Robert Sneden, sided with the rebels and so operation and eventually ownership of the ferry fell to him.

In July and August 1781, during the seventh year of the war, Continental Army troops commanded by General George Washington were encamped in Dobbs Ferry and neighboring localities, alongside allied French forces under the command of the Comte de Rochambeau. earthworks and a fort, commanding the Hudson ferry, were built by the American side. A large British army controlled Manhattan at the time, and Washington chose the Dobbs Ferry area for encampment because he hoped to probe for weaknesses in the British defenses, just 12 mi to the south. But on August 14, 1781, a communication was received from French Admiral Comte de Grasse in the West Indies, which caused Washington to change his strategy. De Grasse's communication, which advocated a joint land and sea attack against the British in Virginia, convinced Washington to risk a march of more than 400 mi to the Chesapeake region of Virginia. Washington's new strategy, adopted and designed in mid-August 1781, at the encampment of the allied armies, would win the war. The allied armies were ordered to break camp on August 19, 1781: on that date the Americans took the first steps of their march to Virginia along present-day Ashford Avenue and Broadway, en route to victory over General Cornwallis at the Siege of Yorktown and to victory in the Revolutionary War.

The village was originally incorporated in 1873 as Greenburgh, but the name was changed to Dobbs Ferry in 1882.

The current local government of Dobbs Ferry is headed by Mayor Vincent Rossillo, a Democrat, who was elected in November 2019.

The Estherwood and Carriage House, Hyatt-Livingston House, South Presbyterian Church, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,622 people, 3,792 households, and 2,570 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,350.0 people per square mile (1,680.8 per km2). There were 3,941 housing units at an average density of 1,614.0 per square mile (623.6 per km2). The racial makeup of the village was 80.70% White, 7.38% African American, 0.08% Native American, 7.56% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 1.93% from other races, and 2.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.00% of the population.

There were 3,792 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. Of all households, 27.6% were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $70,333, and the median income for a family was $93,127. Males had a median income of $65,532 versus $50,091 for females. The per capita income for the village was $35,090. About 1.8% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.8% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
Dobbs Ferry is located at 41.01278°N, -73.86611°W (41.012729, −73.866026).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.2 sqmi, of which 2.4 sqmi is land and 0.7 sqmi, or 23.03%, is water.

The village is bounded on the west by the Hudson River, and on the east by the Saw Mill River. Wickers Creek (name derived from the indigenous Weckquaesgeek) runs east to west through the center of the village from its main source in the Juhring Nature Preserve, Todd's Pond.

The village consists of a series of neighborhoods as defined in the 2010 Vision Plan, the Master Plan for the village. These neighborhoods are not popularly recognized as of 2014. As the Vision Plan states, "Sometimes the boundaries of these neighborhoods are clearly defined, but other times less so. Where necessary, boundaries have been interpolated." The neighborhoods are: Springhurst Park, Broadway, Wickers Creek, Waterfront, Old Town, Fairmead, Riverview Manor, Villard, Osborne, Belden, Maple, Walgrove, Virginia, Beacon Hill, Campuses and Woods, Parkway, Southfield, Knoll, Northfield, and Juhring. (Homes in Juhring are commonly referred to by real estate brokers as part of the Ardsley Park neighborhood, which encompasses the Juhring neighborhood in Dobbs Ferry and the Ardsley-on-Hudson neighborhood of Irvington, New York).

Education
A majority of the village is within the Dobbs Ferry Union Free School District, which consists of Springhurst Elementary, grades K–5, Dobbs Ferry Middle School, grades 6–8, and the Dobbs Ferry High School, grades 9–12.

Mercy University, a private institution with undergraduate and graduate programs, has its main campus in Dobbs Ferry. Our Lady of Victory Academy, a local parochial school offering grades 9–12 for girls, was located on the campus of Mercy College until its closing in 2011.

The Masters School is a private school located south of the town center that offers grades 5–12 for boys and girls. It is a boarding or day school that was founded in 1877 by Eliza Masters. The school contains a mansion called Estherwood.

An Alcott Montessori School is located in the town.

Public transit
Almost 10% of households do not own a car and rely on public transit, bicycling, and walking. Several lines of the Bee-Line Bus System run through Dobbs Ferry, facilitating north-south travel along the Broadway/Route 9 corridor and east-west along Ashford Avenue. The village operates a shuttle bus from the train station in the afternoon and evenings.

Commuter rail service to Grand Central Terminal is available via the Dobbs Ferry station, served by Metro-North Railroad. The train runs on the Hudson Line, and travel time from Dobbs Ferry to Grand Central Terminal is approximately 37 minutes on an express train and 43 minutes on a local train. Many Metro North riders connect to the New York City Subway's at Marble Hill to reach destinations on the west side of Manhattan, or at Harlem–125th Street station for the Upper East Side.

Amtrak inter-city rail trains travel on the Hudson Line tracks, but trains do not stop in the village. The closest Amtrak stations are Yonkers and Croton–Harmon stations.

Culture
In 2018 Brooke Lea Foster of The New York Times stated that it was one of several "Rivertowns" in New York State, which she described as among the "least suburban of suburbs, each one celebrated by buyers there for its culture and hip factor, as much as the housing stock and sophisticated post-city life." Of those, Foster stated that Dobbs Ferry had the most ethnic/cultural diversity.

Parks and recreation
The village's Recreation Department runs a variety of programs out of the Embassy Community Center, including art and dance classes, sports leagues, summer camp, and other activities open to the public. Programs for older adults are also well-funded and used. Additional sports leagues for baseball and soccer are run independently but use village facilities.

There are a variety of village public parks, in order of size:
 * Juhring Nature Preserve, a 76-acre wooded park with trail entrances from the Ardsley Park (Juhring), Northfield, and Knoll neighborhoods in Dobbs Ferry.
 * Waterfront Park on the Hudson River shoreline with playground, soccer field, and open space. It serves as the site of the Dobbs Ferry Union Free School District graduation ceremony, summer concerts, and Independence Day fireworks.
 * Gould Park in the center of the Village, with a public swimming pool, playground, basketball court, and multi-sport ballfields.
 * Memorial Park has a wading pool, baseball field, basketball court, and bocce court. In 2014, the American Legion Post 148, which leased space in the park, collapsed and was razed.
 * Chauncey Park along the Saw Mill River

Two linear parks used for active transportation and recreation traverse Dobbs Ferry as well. The Old Croton Aqueduct Trailway, a linear State Park, runs north-south through the village on its western side. The South County Trailway, a linear Westchester County park also runs north-south through the village, but on its eastern side along the bank of the Saw Mill River. There are also segments of trails unconnected to each other, including the Gateway Trail near Estherwood Avenue and Spoiler's Run near Belden Avenue.

Emergency services
Dobbs Ferry is served by a paid police department, a volunteer fire department (housing three pumpers and one tower ladder in two firehouses) and a volunteer ambulance corps (possessing two ambulances (one equipped with four-wheel-drive) and a fire rehab unit). As a part of the Town of Greenburgh, the village is eligible for additional coverage from the town services. Mutual aid agreements exist with neighboring municipalities for further coverage.

Notable people

 * Jane Alexander, actress
 * Maury Allen, author, sportswriter, and journalist
 * Jacob M. Appel, novelist, essayist
 * Rex Beach, novelist, playwright, and Olympic water polo player, whose most famous novel is commemorated by the Spoiler's Run walking/bike trail.
 * Mark Blount, NBA basketball player
 * Jason Blum, film producer
 * Bradley Bolke (1925–2019), voice actor
 * William C. Conner (1920–2009), federal judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
 * Augusta Dabney (1918–2008), actress
 * Alvin Dark (1922–2014), Major League Baseball player and manager
 * Cyrus West Field, inventor of electromagnetic trans-Atlantic telecommunication
 * Paul Fix (1901–1983), film and television character actor
 * Jean Fritz, author
 * Max Greenfield, actor
 * Bernice Gottlieb, pioneer in trans-racial adoption movement
 * Edwin Gould, early 20th century railroad executive and son of robber baron Jay Gould
 * Keith Hernandez, retired MLB player, played for NY Mets
 * Lewis Hine (1874–1940), sociologist and photographer
 * Joel Higgins, actor
 * Robert G. Ingersoll (1833–1899), lawyer, politician, orator, advocate of agnosticism
 * J. Howard Kitching, Civil War brevet Brigadier General
 * Eric Paschall, NBA basketball player
 * Sarah Jessica Parker, actress
 * Stone Phillips (born 1954), former co-anchor of Dateline NBC
 * Dusty Rhodes, baseball player, member of 1954 World Series champion New York Giants
 * James Henry Salisbury, M.D. (1823–1905) 19th-century American physician, and the inventor of the Salisbury steak.
 * Charles Sheeler (1883–1965), artist and photographer
 * Fanny Garrison Villard (1844–1928), co-founder of the NAACP, and leader of women's suffrage movement
 * Henry Villard (1835–1900), journalist, newspaper publisher, financier and railroad baron.
 * Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder of Facebook
 * Randi Zuckerberg, Marketing Director of Facebook

title: Dobbs Ferry, New York


text:
Elmsford, New York

Elmsford is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. Roughly one square mile, the village is fully contained within the borders of the town of Greenburgh. As of the 2010 census, the population of Elmsford was 4,664.

History
Elmsford was largely farmland throughout its early history. The construction of railroads in the late 19th century brought new prominence to the area, and in 1910 it was incorporated as a village.

The area was known from colonial times as "Storm's Bridge" and later, "Hall's Corners", names derived from the principal landowners of the times. In 1870, the growing village was officially renamed "Elmsford" in honor of a local landmark, a giant elm tree (since deceased). The names Elmsford and Storm's Bridge are reminders of the nearby Saw Mill River, which once had significant tributaries flowing through the village.

A longstanding legend holds that Elmsford is the birthplace of the term "cocktail". According to the tale, a local colonial tavern (sometimes said to be established by town father Isaac Storm) had run out of wooden stirrers during the war and started using the quills of roosters' tailfeathers to stir their drinks; a more embellished version holds that the roosters were plundered from nearby Tory farmers.

Much of Elmsford developed around the New York and Putnam Railroad station, with train service beginning in the 1870s. Commuter rail service ended in 1958, and freight service ended in 1975. The railroad bed is now the South County Trailway and North County Trailway. The train station building is now a restaurant.

The Elmsford Reformed Church and Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Geography
Elmsford is located at 41.05389°N, -73.81583°W (41.053963, -73.815711) in Westchester County, NY. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.1 sqmi, all land.

Government
Elmsford's government comprises a mayor and four trustees. The board and mayor also employ a professional village manager.

Current Mayor: Robert Williams

Fire Department
The Village of Elmsford is protected by the all-volunteer Elmsford Fire Department, which consists of two fire companies each occupying their own firehouses, Live Oak Engine Company, operating two fire engines, and Elmsford Fire Company #1, operating a quint and a tower ladder. Emergency Medical Services are provided by the village-operated Elmsford EMS, which provides BLS services, and the Town of Greenburgh EMS which provides ALS-paramedic service when requested.

Police Department
The Elmsford Police Department, created with the incorporation of the village in 1910, is currently located in the same building as Village Hall, and provides round the clock police protection to the village. It currently employs 22 sworn personnel.

Transportation
The village was once served by the New York and Putnam Railroad. Passenger service ceased in 1958. The Elmsford train station, located on Saw Mill River Road (near the intersection with Route 119) is still standing and now houses a restaurant. The closest Metro-North Railroad stations are Tarrytown (on the Hudson Line) to the west and White Plains (on the Harlem Line) to the east.

Several routes of the Bee-Line Bus System pass through the village.

Features
Elmsford's road system connects to numerous major highways and thoroughfares, including Interstate 287, the Saw Mill River Parkway, the Sprain Brook Parkway and Route 9A; the North County Trailway and South County Trailway bicycle paths terminate there. Convenient to White Plains, Yonkers, New York City, and Connecticut, the village is a significant center of commercial traffic and distribution. It is home to the large Local 456 of the Teamsters union.

The village's public schools are run by the Elmsford Board of Education and include Dixson Primary, Alice E. Grady Elementary and Alexander Hamilton Junior/Senior High School. The village is also home to the private Roman Catholic elementary school Our Lady of Mount Carmel, which is affiliated with the Catholic parish of the same name and which was established in 1929.

Dedicated in 1996, Carol Nichols Park has facilities for softball, basketball, tennis as well as a gated "kiddie park" and Sprinkler Park (attendant) for small children.

The town has had an animal shelter since the 1930s. In 1995 the shelter, Central Westchester Humane Society, moved to a location on Warehouse Lane South. The shelter was replaced by Pets Alive Westchester, and later Paws Crossed Animal Rescue, the current owner.

The Westchester Broadway Theater was a professional dinner theater venue established in Elmsford in 1974. The theater closed permanently in October 2020 due to financial hardships caused by the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,664 people, 1,618 households, and 1,101 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,306 PD/sqmi. There were 1,618 housing units at an average density of 1,585.9 /sqmi.

There were 1,618 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.39.

The village population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.1 years. Males make up 50.9% of the population while women make up 49.1% of the population

The racial makeup of the village was 46.4%% White, 20.5% African American, 0.6% Native American, 10.5% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 18.0% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 38.0% of the population.

The median income for a household in the village was $74,069, and the median income for a family was $84,698. Males had a median income of $43,649 versus $41,356 for females. The per capita income for the village was $32,448. About 8.58% of families and 10.86% of the population were below the poverty line.

Notable people

 * Isaac Van Wart (1762–1828), Revolutionary War hero
 * The Turnesa brothers: Joe (1901-1991), Mike (1907-2000), Doug (1909-1972), Jim (1912-1971), and Willie Turnesa (1914-2001), professional and amateur golfers
 * Giancarlo Esposito (b. 1958), actor
 * Donovan Mitchell (b. 1996), professional basketball player

Popular culture

 * A scene in the movie Freedomland (2006) was shot at the Red Fox Diner on Rte. 9A in Elmsford.
 * A scene in the movie 8mm (1999) was shot outside the Elmsford Motel on Rte. 119.
 * A scene in the movie Disconnect (2012) was shot at the Saw Mill River Motel next to the Saw Mill River Parkway.

title: Elmsford, New York


text:
Fairview, Westchester County, New York

Fairview is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Greenburgh, Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 3,099 at the 2010 census. As of 2000, Fairview had the fourth-highest percentage of African-Americans in New York.

Geography
Fairview is located at 41.04361°N, -73.79778°W (41.043638, -73.797656). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.4 sqmi, all land. Fairview is roughly four miles east of the Hudson River.

Major Roads

 * New York Route 100
 * New York Route 100A
 * New York Route 100B
 * New York Route 119
 * Interstate 287

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,887 people, 936 households, and 673 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,735.2 PD/sqmi. There were 952 housing units at an average density of 2,221.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 11.50% White, 73.09% African American, 0.21% Native American, 2.81% Asian, 0.31% Pacific Islander, 6.34% from other races, and 5.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.20% of the population.

There were 936 households, of which 32.9% had children under 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 28.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.53.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,905, and the median income for a family was $60,259. Males had a median income of $32,276 versus $34,448 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,219. About 9.3% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Fairview, Westchester County, New York


text:
Goldens Bridge, New York

Goldens Bridge is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Lewisboro in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 1,630 at the 2010 census.

Goldens Bridge is in the western part of the town, adjacent to Interstate 684 and the Croton River. Goldens Bridge is a suburb of New York City, as it is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) north of the Bronx.

History
According to The New York Times, "Colonial geographers and surveyors identified a crossing over the Croton River in the Goldens Bridge area as early as 1750. The early maps refer to the bridge by different names, including Coldens Bridge, Goldings Bridge and Goldens Bridge. The bridge was washed away and rebuilt a number of times as the area around the crossing began to grow into a depot for farm produce from Connecticut and Salem and a stop for travelers along the river. But there is no trace of the bridge today as it lies under the Croton Reservoir, which was created when the Croton River was dammed around the turn of the 20th century."

In the mid-20th century, the hamlet was home to a majority Jewish community, which governed itself under communal living standards, with many residents considering the community to be the true owner of the land their homes were built upon. Bridge L-158, a railroad bridge, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

On February 24, 2014, the hamlet's firehouse was the scene of a three alarm fire. A rescue truck, two SUVS, and a 1943 Willys Jeep Utility/Brush Truck were damaged or destroyed.

Geography
Goldens Bridge is located at 41.28778°N, -73.66861°W (41.287896, -73.668630).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.6 km2, of which 6.3 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 5.19%, is water.

Terrain
Goldens Bridge has a diverse terrain of several rocky hills, mostly with stones left from the last ice age. It is largely forested and includes many streams and lakes, as well as bordering the Muscoot Reservoir and the Cross River Reservoir.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,578 people, 572 households, and 431 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 503.8 PD/sqmi. There were 607 housing units at an average density of 193.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.31% White, 1.39% African American, 2.34% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.28% of the population.

There were 572 households, out of which 43.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $106,323, and the median income for a family was $113,460. Males had a median income of $81,072 versus $42,292 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $52,050. About 2.5% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Katonah-Lewisboro School District serves Golden's Bridge. Increase Miller Elementary School in Golden's Bridge and John Jay Middle School and John Jay High School in Cross River serve the community.

title: Goldens Bridge, New York


text:
Greenburgh, New York

Greenburgh is a town in western Westchester County, New York. The population was 95,397 at the time of the 2020 census.

History
Greenburgh developed along the Hudson River, long the main transportation route. It was settled by northern Europeans in its early years, primarily of Dutch and English descent. Residents were active during the American Revolutionary War.

The Romer-Van Tassel House served as the first town hall, from 1793 into the early 19th century. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Other locations on the National Register are the Church of St. Joseph of Arimathea and Odell House. The Spanish American War Monument to the 71st Infantry Regiment in Mount Hope Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Geography
Greenburgh is bordered by the city of Yonkers on the south, the town of Mount Pleasant to the north, and to the east by the city of White Plains and the town of Scarsdale. The western boundary is the Hudson River. The Tappan Zee Bridge connects Tarrytown in Greenburgh with South Nyack in Orangetown, New York.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.5 km2, of which 78.5 km2 is land and 15.0 km2, or 16.07%, is water.

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 86,764 people, 33,043 households, and 23,097 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,842.7 PD/sqmi. There were 34,084 housing units at an average density of 1,116.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 72.41% White, 13.07% African American, 0.17% Native American, 8.77% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.94% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.02% of the population.

There were 33,043 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $100,656, and the median income for a family was $118,360. Males had a median income of $64,186 versus $46,658 for females. The per capita income for the town was $43,778. About 2.0% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

By 1991, 5% of the community's population was of Asian origins.

Communities and locations in the Town of Greenburgh
Roughly half of Greenburgh's population reside within the town's six incorporated villages. The rest live in the unincorporated area of the town of Greenburgh, outside any villages.

Villages
Greenburgh contains six villages:
 * Ardsley
 * Dobbs Ferry
 * Elmsford
 * Hastings-on-Hudson
 * Irvington
 * Tarrytown

Unincorporated area
The unincorporated area of Greenburgh consists of the formerly rural areas of the town outside the villages. While hamlets are not recognized as municipal entities in New York State, most properties in unincorporated Greenburgh are classified within one of the town's three federally recognized zones, each known as a census-designated place. These generally correspond to a fire district.

 * Fairview
 * Greenville
 * Hartsdale

Other unincorporated areas in Greenburgh outside of the three main CDPs include the neighborhoods of:

 * East Irvington
 * North Elmsford
 * South Ardsley

Transportation
Interstate 87 (the New York State Thruway), the Cross Westchester Expressway, the Saw Mill River Parkway, the Bronx River Parkway, and the Sprain Brook Parkway all pass through the town. US routes include U.S. Route 9. State routes that traverse the town are Route 9A, Route 100 (as well as A, B and C) and Route 119.

The Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line passes through the west of the town with stations at Hastings-on-Hudson, Dobbs Ferry, Ardsley-on-Hudson, Irvington and Tarrytown, and its Harlem Line passes through the east of the town with a station at Hartsdale.

Westchester County's Bee-Line Bus System also serves the town, and the HudsonLink Bus Service provides connections across the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge to Rockland County.

Economy
The Westchester Library System headquarters are in the town, in Elmsford. As of 2014, The income per capita in Greenburgh is $55,049. The median household income is $100,282.

Notable people

 * Freddie Blassie, professional wrestler
 * Cab Calloway, jazz musician
 * Gordon Parks, photographer
 * Moms Mabley, comedian
 * Donovan Mitchell, NBA player
 * Dana Reeve, actress and wife of Christopher Reeve
 * Biff Henderson, television personality
 * Adam Clayton Powell Jr., Baptist pastor and politician
 * Adam Clayton Powell III, journalist, academic, and media executive
 * Hazel Scott, jazz vocalist
 * Roy Campanella, professional baseball player

title: Greenburgh, New York


text:
Edgemont, New York

Greenville, commonly known as Edgemont, is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Greenburgh in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 9,394 at the 2020 census. Most of its residents refer to the area as Edgemont, which is also the name of its school district.

It is an ethnically diverse inner suburb of New York City, lying 22 mi north of Columbus Circle. It is a partial bedroom community, with some of its residents working in Midtown Manhattan. Other workplaces of Greenville residents are in the offices and factories of White Plains, Yonkers, The Bronx, Rockland County, New York or Stamford, Connecticut, as well as many businesses and hospitals in southern Westchester County. The hamlet was originally ethnic Jewish and Italian but is now ethnically diverse. Its main street is Central Park Avenue. It's populated with strip malls, gas stations and outlet stores and caters mainly to shoppers from Yonkers and The Bronx.

The limits of the CDP are essentially defined by the areas served by the Edgemont Union Free School District and the Greenville Fire Department, whose areas slightly differ.

Greenville was originally a development designed by different architects for summer homes for Manhattanites. With its antique colonial homes and outstanding schools, it is an option for those seeking to move from New York City. Metro-North trains are accessible via the Scarsdale and Hartsdale train stations, and they run 25–55 minutes to Grand Central Terminal, depending on if one has an express or local train.

In March 2018, Bloomberg ranked Greenville as the 22nd wealthiest place in the United States, and the third wealthiest in New York.

Postal address
Greenville comprises two ZIP codes: 10583 (Scarsdale, New York) and 10530 (Hartsdale, New York). Both ZIP codes encompass significant areas outside of Greenville as well. While the bulk of Greenville lies within the Scarsdale zip code, none of Greenville is part of the village of Scarsdale. According to a local real estate broker, "Edgemont is smaller and more intimate than Scarsdale". Essentially, Greenville is an unincorporated CDP within Greenburgh, New York, but with a Scarsdale, New York or Hartsdale, New York mailing address depending on where in the CDP someone is.

Schools
Greenville is known for its public schools, served by the Edgemont Union Free School District. This district consists of three schools: Edgemont Junior/Senior High School, Greenville Elementary School, and Seely Place Elementary School. Each elementary school has students from kindergarten through 6th grade. Edgemont Junior/Senior High School, which sits on an 80 acre campus, contains students from grades 7 through 12.

In the U.S. News & World Report 2018 ranking of public schools, Edgemont was ranked 14th in New York State and 87th nationwide. In Newsweek magazine's 2007 ranking of public high schools, Edgemont was ranked first in Westchester County and 41st nationwide. Similarly, in Newsweek's 2006 public high school listings, Edgemont was ranked second in Westchester County and 56th nationwide. The magazine's 2005 listings ranked Edgemont first in Westchester County and 26th in the nation. Similarly, in Westchester Magazine's 2005 rankings of public schools (the most recent time the magazine ranked schools on any criteria other than income), Edgemont was ranked first among 44 public schools in the county. In 1999, U.S. News & World Report named Edgemont as one of its "examples of excellence" for a suburban public school.

Incorporation
In 2016, a group of residents began circulating a petition to incorporate the Greenville Fire District into the Village of Edgemont and developed a website informing residents of the impacts and opportunities of such a change. In February 2017, it was filed with the Town for certification so that the residents may vote in a referendum. Town Supervisor Paul Feiner rejected the petition, but the petitioners sued the Town and the State Supreme Court overturned the Supervisor's decision and ordered the election. The Supervisor appealed the State Supreme Court's decision.

Notable people

 * Matt Bernstein, former Wisconsin Badgers football player
 * Harold Burson, founding chairman of Burson-Marsteller and, according to PR Week, "the century's most influential PR figure"
 * Billy Collins, former Poet Laureate of the United States and of New York State
 * Adam Gaynor, guitarist with Matchbox Twenty, grew up in Edgemont
 * Paul Heyman, wrestling promoter for the ECW, graduated from Edgemont High School
 * Larry Johnson, basketball player and former NBA Rookie of the Year, lived in Edgemont while playing for the New York Knicks
 * Steve Liesman, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and economics commentator, grew up in Edgemont and graduated from Edgemont High School
 * Deborah Markowitz, Vermont Secretary of State, lived in Edgemont and attended Edgemont schools
 * Rob Morrow, film and television actor, most notably starred in Northern Exposure, attended Edgemont High School
 * Richard Queen, hostage in the Iran hostage crisis, attended Edgemont High School
 * Dana Reeve, actress/singer, wife of Christopher Reeve, grew up in Edgemont and graduated from Edgemont High School
 * Ben Schwartz - Emmy award-winning writer, actor
 * Peter Scolari, film and television actor, most notably starred in Bosom Buddies and Girls, graduated from Edgemont High School
 * Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, gangster, organized crime
 * Ron Silver, television and film actor
 * Bobby Slayton, actor/comedian; grew up in Edgemont and graduated from Edgemont High School
 * Walter Winchell, newspaper and radio commentator, had a large home in Edgemont (which still stands)
 * Rick Wolff, book editor, author, sports psychologist, college coach, broadcaster, and former professional baseball player.

Geography
Greenville is located at 40.99889°N, -73.82028°W (40.998977, -73.820147), in the southeastern corner of the town of Greenburgh.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.7 km2, of which 6.6 sqkm is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 1.34% is water.

Transportation
The main highway to Edgemont is the Sprain Brook Parkway, which is accessed at the Jackson Avenue exit at the Edgemont-Yonkers border. The parkway is the western border of Edgemont. Some residents prefer to utilize the Bronx River Parkway, located along the eastern border of Edgemont. The main north–south road through Edgemont is Central Park Avenue, often referred to as Central Avenue by residents. Central Avenue is part of New York State Route 100. This road extends from Yonkers in the south to Somers in the north, by way of White Plains. There are four major east–west roads through Edgemont, notably Jackson Avenue, Ardsley Road, Mount Joy Avenue, and Underhill/Old Army Road. Ardsley Road experiences many backups through Edgemont into the village of Scarsdale, due to it being the primary east–west road between the eastern and western reaches of Westchester County in the 12 mi gap between Interstate 287 and the Cross County Parkway.

Many residents commute to New York City on the Metro-North Railroad. Most park at Hartsdale station, due to Scarsdale station having scarce parking. However, some residents can walk or take the Bee-Line Bus #65 to Scarsdale station. Central Avenue also has an express bus running to 5th Avenue in Manhattan, but this takes considerably longer than the Metro-North due to traffic on the Major Deegan Expressway. Bee Line Bus route 20/21 runs from the NYC subway in the Bronx north to White Plains, and route 66 runs across Ardsley Road from the village of Dobbs Ferry to the city of New Rochelle.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,648 people, 3,368 households, and 2,377 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,964.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,490 housing units at an average density of 1,196.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 75.71% White, 2.41% African American, 0.07% Native American, 19.75% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.59% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.22% of the population.

There were 3,368 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $93,421, and the median income for a family was $133,108. Males had a median income of $89,226 versus $50,155 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $61,785. About 1.2% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those aged 65 or over.

title: Edgemont, New York


text:
Hartsdale, New York

Hartsdale is a hamlet located in the town of Greenburgh, Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 5,293 at the 2010 census. It is a suburb of New York City.

History
Hartsdale, a CDP/hamlet/post-office in the town of Greenburgh, New York, lies on the Bronx River 20 mi north of New York City. It is served by the Metro-North Harlem River commuter rail line into Grand Central Terminal. Hartsdale is the home of America's first canine pet cemetery (started by veterinarian Samuel Johnson in 1896), and the world's first Carvel Ice Cream store (1934), which closed in 2008.

Pre-Colonial Period
Hartsdale's earliest settlers were the Wecquaesgeek (sometimes spelled Weckquaesgeek), a sub-tribe of the Algonquian tribe that lived in most of southern New York, from Westchester down through Manhattan. Weekquaeskeek is an Algonquian term believed to mean "place of the bark kettle", and this kettle appears in the Greenburgh town seal.

Colonial Era and American Revolution
After the earliest British colonialists arrived, the area was developed under the manor system when Frederick Philipse, a Dutch merchant and British Loyalist, was granted the land by the British government. As lord of his Philipse Manor, he leased his land to tenant farmers who, at least for a time, were believed to have lived alongside their Native American neighbors.

There is evidence to show that Hartsdale played a significant role during the Revolutionary War, some of which still stands today. On October 28, 1776, a Revolutionary War battle was fought alongside the Bronx River, near the site of the current Hartsdale train station. The Odell House (on Ridge Road, built in 1732) served as the headquarters for the French general the Comte de Rochambeau, and is where the count and George Washington are supposed to have formed an alliance leading to the Battle of Yorktown. The house was later named after John Odell, Washington's guide who bought the house in 1785. In 1965, his descendants deeded the house to the Sons of the American Revolution, and today the house is in severe decay, awaiting funds to transform it into a museum.

After the Continental Army and American colonialists won the Revolutionary War, Frederick Philipse III (third lord of the manor and great-grandson to Frederick Philipse I) fled, his land was confiscated and sold to the remaining farming tenants, many of whom were descendants of the Hart family. The intersection of Central Park Avenue and Hartsdale Avenue was named "Hart's Corners" after Robert Hart, one of these farmers who successfully bid for the land, and in the mid-19th century the entire area became known as "Hartsdale".

19th Century
The area remained largely agrarian until 1865, when Eleazar Hart deeded land for the development of the New York and Harlem Railroad line into Manhattan, setting the stage for Hartsdale's change into a more cosmopolitan commuter village. Between 1880 and 1940, large tracts of farmland and estates were subdivided and converted into private houses and apartments at a furious pace. By the 1960s, almost no remaining farmland was left for sale.

20th Century
In 1904, the successful German-Jewish banker Felix M. Warburg (1871–1937) purchased large tracts of land to build his 500 acre "Woodlands" estate in Hartsdale, a summer home next to the country club where he and his wife Frieda Schiff Warburg (1876–1958) spent considerable time. The estate would later become an important site in the history of modern American ballet, when on June 10, 1934, their son Edward M. M. Warburg (1908–1992) helped produce the first American performance of George Balanchine's masterpiece "Serenade". In keeping with the family's philanthropic efforts, Frieda Schiff Warburg, on her death in 1958, bequeathed a remaining 150 acre to the town of Greenburgh to build a public school. These 150 acre are now the home of the Greenburgh Central School District (formerly called Greenburgh Central 7 School District) and Woodlands High School. The main Warburg mansion currently serves as the school district headquarters, but other remnants from the original estate grounds can still be seen standing in the surrounding woods and neighboring streets. The Warburg family's New York City home would later be donated to become the Jewish Museum of New York.

On February 9, 1928, Hartsdale made history when the Scottish inventor John Logie Baird (1888–1946) transmitted the world's first inter-continental short-wave television signal from a transmitter (call sign 2KZ) in Coulsdon, Surrey (a suburb of London) to his colleague O. G. Hutchinson in the cellar of Robert M. Hart, an amateur radio operator (call sign 2CVJ) in Hartsdale.

In 1932, Henry Jacques Gaisman, inventor and founder of the Gillette safety razor blade, purchased 136 acre of land along Ridge Road, most of which he purchased from George A. C. Christiancy, son of the former U.S. minister to Peru, Isaac Peckham Christiancy. In 1952, at age 82, Gaisman married his nurse Catherine "Kitty" Vance Gaisman, aged 33, a former Catholic nun. In 1957, he and his wife Catherine (Mrs. Henry J. Gaisman) passed the title for his land to the New York Archdiocese for $600,000, with the agreement that they could live there as long as they wished. Mr. Gaisman died in 1974 at age 104, and Mrs. Gaisman remained on the estate until she moved to Connecticut in 1995. In 1999, the estate was saved from sale and development when the Town of Greenburgh acquired the property and reopened it as the Hart's Brook Nature Preserve. Part of the agreement included the preservation of some portion of the estate as a home for retired Catholic nuns. Today the Catherine and Henry J. Gaisman Foundation continues to donate large amounts of money to support medical research.

On a hot Memorial Day weekend in 1934, Greek immigrant and ice cream salesman Tom Carvelas was selling ice cream from his truck around roads in Westchester, when he broke down with a flat tire along Central Avenue in Hartsdale. With his ice cream melting rapidly, he decided to simply sell it along the side of Central Avenue where his truck broke down. Successful at selling his stock at this location, he decided to buy the plot of land where he was stuck, and in 1936 he opened up the world's first Carvel ice cream store. The store stood on the southbound side of Central Avenue (just south of the "Four Corners" section of Hartsdale) until October 5, 2008, when the store was closed and the land sold to developers. The original store has since been demolished. To commemorate the birth of Carvel ice cream in Hartsdale, the Hartsdale Fire Company distributes Carvel "Flying Saucers" from Fire Station 1 after every Memorial Day parade.

Salvation Army leader Evangeline Cory Booth (1865–1950), originally from London, lived in Hartsdale until her death on July 17, 1950. The classical music composer Charles Ives also lived and commuted from Hartsdale for a brief period. Other influential people who have lived in Hartsdale include the artist/sculptor Malvina Hoffman, American businessman Vernon Jordan, National Urban League president John Edward Jacob, pro-wrestler "Classy" Freddie Blassie, actor Peter Riegert, singer/musician/composer Billy Vera, actress Shera Danese (wife of Peter Falk), novelist and educator Michael Rubin, Mad magazine artist Jack Davis, and Nobel laureate Louis J. Ignarro.

Geography
Hartsdale is one of the few communities immediately surrounding New York City that still has two working farms, both on Secor Road. It also has several parks, including the 25 acre Secor Woods Park, the 170 acre Ridge Road Park, and 86 acre Rumbrook Park.

The town can generally be subdivided into several areas, including the "Village" or downtown part (East Hartsdale Avenue), Manor Woods, Windsor Park, Poet's Corner, Ridge Road, Orchard Hill, College Corners, or more specifically one of the several condominium developments built since the 1970s. Over the years, the town has attracted many different ethnic groups, and the downtown village has a significant Japanese population with Japanese shops, restaurants, real-estate brokers, and even a Japanese supermarket all within walking distance of East Hartsdale Avenue.

Ferncliff Cemetery is located on Secor Road in Hartsdale, famous as the burial grounds for many celebrities including Aaliyah, Malcolm X, Heavy D, Judy Garland, Jerome Kern, Joan Crawford, Basil Rathbone, Ed Sullivan, Jam-Master Jay, James Baldwin, Michel Fokine, Tom Carvel, Oscar Hammerstein, Thelonious Monk, Paul Robeson, Minnesota Timberwolves Guard Malik Sealy, soprano Arleen Auger, and others. British rocker John Lennon, U.S. Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, and Muppets creator Jim Henson were cremated there. Composer Béla Bartók was initially buried in Hartsdale before being reinterred in his native Hungary in 1988. Radio DJ Alan Freed was also initially interred in Hartsdale until his ashes were moved to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.

The Hartsdale Railroad Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011, as was the Evangeline Booth House in Hartsdale hamlet.

Major roads include NY 100 and the Bronx River Parkway. For mass transit to NYC, residents can take either Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line or the Bee-Line Bus routes 1X, 3, 20, 21, and BxM4C. Bee-Line also provides local service on bus routes 34, 38, 39, 43, and 65.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 2.3 sqkm, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,830 people, 4,314 households, and 2,756 families residing in the community. The population density was 3,068.0 PD/sqmi. There were 4,478 housing units at an average density of 1,397.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the community was 76.14% White, 8.71% African American, 0.19% Native American, 10.17% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.64% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.55% of the population.

There were 4,314 households, out of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 18.2% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $81,824, and the median income for a family was $100,330. Males had a median income of $62,362 versus $47,380 for females. The per capita income for the community was $45,691. About 1.6% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.5% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

Hartsdale has a sizable Japanese American community.

In addition, there is an Albanian Catholic Church in Hartsdale with the name "Our Lady of Shkodra".

Notable people

 * Sean Casten, Democratic Congressman in Illinois 6th district, grew up in Hartsdale and is an alumnus of Woodlands HS.
 * Arleen Auger, soprano
 * Mike "SuperJew" Epstein, Major League Baseball player
 * Michael Jamin, Television writer and producer, podcaster
 * Morris E. Lasker, US federal judge
 * Charles Wellford Leavitt, landscape architect, urban planner, and civil engineer
 * Allan Rosenfield, academic
 * Billy Vera, composer/songwriter/singer/producer/actor, grew up in Hartsdale and attended Sacred Heart school
 * Mary Ritter Beard, women's history archivist and lifelong advocate of social justice, devoted wife of Philosopher Charles Beard, is interred at Ferncliff Cemetery.
 * Tom Carvel, inventor of soft serve ice cream and the Carvel ice cream franchise.
 * Michael d'Orlando, racing driver
 * Nicholas d'Orlando, racing driver
 * Basil Rathbone, English actor is interred at Ferncliff Cemetery.

In popular culture
The popular J-pop rap/R&B duo Heartsdales borrow their name from Hartsdale, as the two members spent considerable time here.

On the NBC series Heroes, The Company's Primatech Research facility and home of Level 5 is located in Hartsdale.

One scene from the comedy film The Other Guys was filmed at the Harmon Discount in Hartsdale.

title: Hartsdale, New York