text:
Baldwin (hamlet), New York

Baldwin is a hamlet located in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, New York, United States. It had a population of 33,919 in 2020.

History
The original inhabitants of this area between Parsonage Creek near Oceanside and Milburn Creek near Freeport were Native Americans known as the Meroke, or Merrick, a band of Lenape people who were indigenous to most of the South Shore of Long Island. They spoke an Algonquian language and lived in two villages along Milburn Creek.

In 1643, English colonists began to call this area Hick's Neck, after one of two of Hempstead's early settlers, John Spragg from England and John Hicks from Flushing, New York. They extended the Hempstead village south to the salt meadows. The grist mill built by John Pine in 1686 on Milburn Creek attracted more English settlers. They engaged in fishing, farming, marshing, raising longwood, and breeding and raising sheep. Between the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, Hick's Neck continued to grow, becoming a prosperous agricultural area.

The first churches were built in the area in 1810 and 1872, and the first school was built in 1813.

Sometime around the early 19th century Hick's Neck began to be called Milburn. The first documented use of the name Milburn was in 1839. In 1855, the village was officially founded as Baldwinsville, named in honor of Thomas Baldwin (1795–1872), a sixth-generation member of the Baldwin family of Hempstead and the leading merchant of Milburn at the time. Baldwin owned a general store named T. Baldwin and Sons. He also had a hotel at what would now be considered the northwest corner of Merrick Road and Grand Avenue.

In 1867, the South Side Railroad began operating at a station in Baldwinsville. In 1870, one of Thomas Baldwin's sons, Francis Baldwin, became a member of the New York State Assembly representing Queens County's 2nd District; he later served as the Queens County treasurer. During this time, Baldwinsville was part of Queens County. A year later, the name of the village was changed from Baldwinsville to Baldwins by the U.S. Postal Service so as to not confuse it with the village of Baldwinsville in upstate New York. By 1892, by an act of local government, the village was officially named Baldwin.

Shortly after Hempstead separated from Queens County in 1899, people began to move to "Beautiful Baldwin", as it was called by Charles Luerssen, a village realtor. The village had boating (sailboats), bathing, and fishing. By 1939, ten years after the opening of Sunrise Highway, Baldwin became the largest unincorporated village in New York State—a title that was lost to Levittown by 1960.

In the 1990 US Census, the area south of Atlantic Avenue was designated as Baldwin Harbor, a hamlet and census-designated place. Baldwin Harbor remains a part of Baldwin's ZIP code, school district, and library system.

In May 1910, a breakthrough in American aviation history was made in Baldwin. The first all-American monoplane was designed, built, and successfully flown at this location by brothers Arthur and Albert Heinrich. The project was developed at the site now occupied by the Plaza Elementary School on Seaman Avenue and Rockville Drive. In the plane's initial and subsequent models, its unique designs featured controls that were combined into one stick, which allowed the pilot to fly the plane using one hand.

Geography
The community is located in the southwestern section of Nassau County, on Long Island's South Shore of Long Island.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the hamlet has a total area of 3.0 sqmi, of which 0.34% is water.

Climate
The climate is borderline between a hot summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Average monthly temperatures in the village center range from 31.9 °F in January to 74.8 °F in July. The local hardiness zone is 7b.

Demographics
There were 1,200 people in the community of Baldwin in 1882, 1,500 in 1890, 5,000 in 1920, 12,000 in 1930, 15,000 in 1940, and 31,630 in 1980.

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,455 people, 7,868 households, and 6,081 families residing in the village. The population density was 7,954.4 PD/sqmi. There were 7,999 housing units at an average density of 2,712.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 67.3% White, 17.9% African American, 10.6% Hispanic or Latino, 1.1% Asian, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 4.60% from other races, and 3.03% from two or more races.

There were 7,868 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. Of all households, 18.5% were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.40.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $71,456, and the median income for a family was $78,400. Males had a median income of $51,069 versus $40,496 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $28,114. About 3.3% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under the age of 18, and 7.1% of those aged 65 or over.

Parks and recreation
Baldwin is home to many public parks, including Coes Neck Park, Lofts Pond Park, Milburn Pond Park, and Silver Lake Park (which is also in Oceanside).

Public
Baldwin is served primarily by the Baldwin Union Free School District. However, small parts are also served by the Oceanside UFSD, Rockville Centre UFSD, Roosevelt UFSD, and Uniondale UFSD. Additionally, a portion of the Freeport UFSD crosses into the hamlet, but the area only includes Milburn Pond Park. Children who reside within Baldwin and attend public schools go to school in one of these districts depending on where in the hamlet they live. The names of the schools are Lenox Elementary, Plaza Elementary, Meadow Elementary, Brookside Elementary, Steele Elementary, Baldwin Middle School, and Baldwin High School.

Private
Baldwin was also home to one Catholic school: St. Christopher's. The school closed on July 24, 2021.

Library district
Baldwin is located within the boundaries of the Baldwin, Freeport, Oceanside, Rockville Centre, Roosevelt, and Uniondale Library Districts. The borders of each district within the hamlet roughly correspond with those of each school district.

Rail
The Baldwin Long Island Railroad station is located in the hamlet. It is on the LIRR's Babylon Branch.

Road
Major roads which pass through the hamlet include:

 * Merrick Road (Nassau County Route 27)
 * Sunrise Highway (New York State Route 27)

Natural gas
National Grid USA provides natural gas to homes and businesses that are hooked up to natural gas lines in Baldwin.

Power
PSEG Long Island provides power to all homes and businesses within Baldwin.

Notable people

 * Bob Beckwith, FDNY veteran, stood next to President George W. Bush during a speech at the World Trade Center after 9/11
 * Granville Carter, sculptor of numerous monuments in the United States and worldwide
 * Mandy Cohen, physician and Director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 * Taylor Dayne, singer who has seven Billboard Top Ten hits: also known as Leslie Wunderman (Baldwin class of 1980)
 * Jonathan Demme, Oscar-winning director, Silence of the Lambs
 * Robert Earle, host of the G.E. College Bowl on CBS and NBC, and media lecturer at Ithaca College
 * Alice Feiring, author and award-winning wine writer
 * Maida Heatter (1916–2019), pastry chef and cookbook author
 * Gabby Hayes, radio, film, and television actor
 * Denis Reagan Hurley, federal judge (1991–2006) for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
 * Scott Israel, former sheriff of Broward County, Florida, current police chief of Opa-locka, Florida
 * Melanie Martinez, singer/songwriter known for her albums Cry Baby and K-12. Appeared on singing reality competition “The Voice” on NBC. (Baldwin class of 2013)
 * James McLurkin, professor of Robotics and Electrical Engineering at Rice University. Earned SB (EE) and PhD (CS) at MIT, MS (EE) UC Berkeley (Baldwin class of 1990)
 * Busta Rhymes, rap artist
 * Jeff Rosenstock, punk musician; member of Bomb the Music Industry!, The Bruce Lee Band, Kudrow, Antarctigo Vespucci, and The Arrogant Sons of Bitches
 * Scott Rudin, film producer and theatrical producer; in 2012, became one of the few people who have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony Award, and the first producer to do so (Baldwin class of 1976)
 * Bob Sheppard, long-time announcer for the New York Yankees and formerly, the New York Giants; he is honored as a Yankee Stadium legend
 * Elix Skipper, retired professional wrestler
 * Moneta Sleet Jr., civil rights era photographer for Ebony magazine and first African-American man to win the Pulitzer Prize in photojournalism
 * Dee Snider, singer-songwriter, screenwriter, radio personality, and actor; most famous for his role as the front man of the heavy metal band Twisted Sister (Baldwin class of 1973)
 * Jake Steinfeld (born 1958), actor, fitness personality, entrepreneur, and producer
 * Susan Sullivan, actress known for Falcon Crest and Dharma & Greg
 * Frank Tinney, vaudeville and Broadway comedian
 * Jack Tramiel, founder of Commodore International
 * Chris Weidman, NY state wrestling champion; two-time D-1 All-American wrestler at Hofstra; professional mixed martial artist; former UFC Middleweight Champion (Baldwin class of 2002)
 * Martha Wash, singer-songwriter, actress, and producer
 * Rob Weiss, director/producer Amongst Friends, Entourage
 * Irad Young (born 1971), American-Israeli soccer player

The soldiers who were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor:

First Lieutenant Bernard J. Ray deliberately gave his life to spare his men of Company F, 8th Infantry, 4th Infantry Division on November 17, 1944, in the Hurtgen Forest.

Specialist Five John J. Kedenburg (BHS '64) was serving with a long-range reconnaissance team of South Vietnamese irregular troops while a member of the U.S. Army 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne). When his group came under attack and was encircled by a battalion-size North Vietnamese Army force, Kedenberg conducted a rear-guard action which allowed his group to break out of their encirclement and move to a landing zone. While in the landing zone, Kedenberg directed the defense of the L-Z and ultimately gave up the last chance of evacuation to one of his Vietnamese comrades.

title: Baldwin (hamlet), New York


text:
Baldwin Harbor, New York

Baldwin Harbor is a hamlet and former census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead, in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It was created concomitant with the 1990 United States Census from the southernmost portions of the neighboring hamlet of Baldwin. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 8,102.

History
The CDP was created by the United States Census Bureau at the time of the 1990 United States Census. The Baldwin Harbor CDP was merged back into the Baldwin CDP concomitant with the 2020 United States Census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.7 sqmi, of which 1.2 sqmi is land and 0.5 sqmi (28.24%) is water.

Baldwin Harbor is located within the Milburn Creek–Middle Bay drainage area, and is located within the larger Long Island Sound/Atlantic Ocean Watershed.

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Geological Survey, the highest point in Baldwin Harbor is approximately 20 ft, and the lowest points are located at the bays, which are at sea level.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,102 people, 2,687 households, and 2,185 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,751.6 PD/sqmi. There were 2,782 housing units at an average density of 2,318../sq mi (897.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 61.25% White, 26.57% African American, 0.13% Native American, 4.87% Asian, 3.78% from other races, and 3.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.83% of the population.

There were 2,687 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.7% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.33.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 32.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $113,950, and the median income for a family was $120,344. Males had a median income of $59,855 versus $56,394 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $33,543. About 1.6% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and recreation

 * Baldwin Park – A park operated by the Town of Hempstead.

School district
Baldwin Harbor is located entirely within the boundaries of (and is thus served by) the Baldwin Union Free School District. As such, all children who reside within the hamlet and attend public schools go to Baldwin's schools.

Library district
Baldwin Harbor is located within the boundaries of the Baldwin Library District.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Baldwin Harbor, New York


text:
Barnum Island, New York

Barnum Island is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 2,590 at the 2020 census. It occupies the eastern portion of an island situated between Long Island and Long Beach. That island, previously known in its entirety as Hog Island, consists entirely of the communities of Barnum Island and Island Park.

Barnum Island is an unincorporated area of the Town of Hempstead. Most of Barnum Island is separated from the Village of Island Park by the LIRR's Long Beach Branch rail line to Long Beach.

Barnum Island has its own fire district and school district, but is under contract with the Village of Island Park for fire and education services for its residents. Barnum Island is included in the Island Park School District and ZIP code (11558).

The E.F. Barrett Power Station is located within the hamlet.

History
Previously called Hog Island, after the feral pigs introduced by early European explorers to the Native Americans, it was later renamed for Sarah Ann Baldwin Barnum. It was also sometimes called Jekyl Island, after the name of the development company that bought it from the county.

Between 1851 and 1870, Sarah Ann's husband Peter owned large parcels of land on Long Island, though his primary business was a Manhattan clothier. Sarah Ann arranged the purchase of Hog Island for use as a "poor farm" – a self-supporting almshouse, a social innovation for that period, and the island was renamed in her honor.

Local lore connects the island's name to P.T. Barnum, the circus impresario, but this is incorrect, and likely due to confusion between "PT" and "PC" (Peter C.).

The county discontinued the almshouse and sold the island to the Jekyl Island Realty Company in 1898 for $40,000. The company renamed it Jekyl Island. The island changed hands several times in 1909, Jekyl sold it to a syndicate of developers for $120,000, who in turn sold it for $650,000 in 1911. (There may have been an interim sale in 1910 as well.) Minimal development at that time included construction of several canals, before work was abandoned. One of those canals divides the Harbor Isle section from Island Park.

New developers bought the island in 1921, and started building about 10,000 properties built in the 700 acre Island Park section in the center of the island starting in 1922. It was in use as a summer resort by 1925., Island Park was incorporated as a village in 1926.

The rest of the island remains unincorporated, with the western portion known as Harbor Island, and the eastern portion retaining the name Barnum Island. However, all three make up the original Hog Island/Barnum Island, and are part of the Town of Hempstead.

The entire island was flooded with two to eight feet of water and sewage by Hurricane Sandy.

Geography
Barnum Island is located at 40.60528°N, -73.6475°W (40.605203, -73.647403).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 sqmi, of which 0.9 sqmi is land and 0.4 sqmi (28.24%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 2,590 people, 1,062 housing units, and 958 households residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,877.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,062 housing units at an average density of 1,180 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 68.03% White, 2.97% African American, 0.73% Native American, 6.06% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 9.22% from other races, and 9.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.45% of the population.

There were 958 households, out of which 58.9% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 28.0% had a male householder with no spouse present.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 6.2% under the age of 5, 18.0% under the age of 18, 82.0% was 18 years or older and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 148.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $102,955. About 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.9% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Nunley's Ferris wheel
Nunley's Ferris wheel, formerly located at Nunley's Carousel and Amusement Park on the Baldwin-Freeport, New York border, is now located in Barnum Island, in Baldwin, New York. Nassau County purchased Nunley's Carousel in 1995, restored it, and reopened it in 2009 at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, New York. Other Nunley's rides and games were sold at auction after the park closed in 1995 and are now scattered all over the country.

title: Barnum Island, New York


text:
Baxter Estates, New York

Baxter Estates is a village in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. It is considered part of the Greater Port Washington area, which is anchored by Port Washington. The population was 991 at the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Baxter Estates is located on the Cow Neck Peninsula, within the Town of North Hempstead, and is recognized as a Tree City USA.

History
The Village of Baxter Estates was incorporated in 1931. Baxter Estates owes much of its history to the homestead settlement of "Cow Neck" built in 1673 by John Betts and Robert Hutchings, which still stands on its original site at the corner of Central Drive and Shore Road, overlooking Manhasset Bay. This property was purchased around 1741 by Oliver Baxter, and maps of the time show that an entire wigwam village, belonging to the Matinecock Indians, may have been located on Baxter's land.

The Baxters, who were shipbuilders, whalers and sea captains, retained the property until the 19th century. Hessian troops were quartered in the Baxter House during the Revolutionary War, and in 1895 the first library of Port Washington met in the parlor of the Baxter House. The residence was designated as a historic building. In the 2010s, the owner of the home, Sabrina Wu, was in the process of submitting plans to demolish the landmarked home when a massive blaze broke out, heavily damaging the home on February 5, 2017. The cause of the fire was not determined.

The village is named for the Baxter family, which owned a significant amount of land in the area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.2 sqmi, all land.

Baxter Estates is located within the Manhasset Bay Watershed, which in turn is located within the larger Long Island Sound/Atlantic Ocean Watershed.

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Geological Survey, the highest point in Baxter Estates is located on Hilltop Road, at an elevation of 113 ft, and the lowest point is Manhasset Bay, which is at sea level.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 999 people residing in the village. The racial makeup of the village was 81.08% White, 1.30% African American, 6.01% Asian, 3.50% from other races, and 7.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.82% of the population.

Census 2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,006 people, 376 households, and 262 families residing in the village. The population density was 5,574.4 PD/sqmi. There were 386 housing units at an average density of 2,138.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 84.00% White, 2.68% African American, 0.10% Native American, 7.16% Asian, 3.98% from other races, and 2.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.61% of the population.

There were 376 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $84,592, and the median income for a family was $111,074. Males had a median income of $56,250 versus $51,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $44,718. About 3.0% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Village government
As of June 2023, the Mayor of Baxter Estates is Nora Haagenson, the Deputy Mayor is Charles Comer, and the Village Trustees are Charles Comer, Alice M. Peckelis, Maria Branco and Jeffery Eluto.

Town representation
Baxter Estates is located in the Town of North Hempstead's 6th council district, which as of January 2023 is represented in the North Hempstead Town Council by Mariann Dalimonte (D – Port Washington).

Nassau County representation
Baxter Estates is located in Nassau County's 11th Legislative district, which as of January 2023 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by Delia DiRiggi-Whitton (D–Glen Cove).

New York State Assembly
Baxter Estates is located within the New York State Assembly's 16th Assembly district, which as of January 2023 is represented by Gina L. Sillitti (D–Manorhaven).

New York State Senate
Baxter Estates is located in the New York State Senate's 7th State Senate district, which as of January 2023 is represented in the New York State Senate by Jack M. Martins (R–Old Westbury).

United States Congress
Baxter Estates is located in New York's 3rd congressional district, which as of May 2024 is represented by Tom Suozzi (D).

United States Senate
Like the rest of New York, Baxter Estates is represented in the United States Senate by Charles E. Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).

Politics
In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the majority of Baxter Estates voters voted for Hillary Clinton (D).

School district
The Village of Baxter Estates is located entirely within the boundaries of the Port Washington Union Free School District. As such, all children who reside within Baxter Estates and attend public schools go to Port Washington's schools.

Library district
Baxter Estates is located within the boundaries of the Port Washington Library District, which is served by the Port Washington Public Library.

Additionally, the Port Washington Public Library is located within Baxter Estates.

Road
Major roads in Baxter Estates include Central Drive (CR C36), Main Street, and Shore Road (CR E25).

Bus
As of April 2023, Baxter Estates is served by the n23 bus route, which is operated by Nassau Inter-County Express.

Natural gas
National Grid USA provides natural gas to homes and businesses that are hooked up to natural gas lines in Baxter Estates.

Power
PSEG Long Island provides power to all homes and businesses within Baxter Estates.

Sewage
Baxter Estates is located within the Port Washington Water Pollution Control District, which operates the sanitary sewer system serving the village.

Water
Baxter Estates is located within the boundaries of the Port Washington Water District, which provides the entirety of the village with water.

Landmarks
The William Landsberg House is located at 5 Tianderah Road. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Tallulah Bankhead – actress; lived in the historic Baxter House.
 * William Landsberg – architect; designed his Baxter Estates home.
 * Addison Mizner – architect especially well-known for his many works and cultural influence in South Florida; lived in the historic Baxter Home.
 * George Pickow – photographer; Jean Ritchie's husband.
 * Jean Ritchie – folk singer; lived on Locust Avenue.

title: Baxter Estates, New York


text:
Bay Park, New York

Bay Park is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 2,212 at the 2010 census.

History
Bay Park was part of neighboring East Rockaway until 1912.

The Bay Park Civic & Property Owners' Association was established by residents in 1926, with the first meeting being held the next year, on June 24, 1927.

The Bay Park Sewage Treatment Plant, which is located in the hamlet and is operated by the County of Nassau as part of the Nassau County Sewage District, failed during and as a result of Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Subsequently, it would receive repairs and upgrades – notably in the early 2020s. The upgrades to the sewage plant will assist in cutting the nitrogen levels in the waters along that part of Long Island's South Shore.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.6 sqmi, of which 0.4 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi, or 21.82%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,300 people, 874 households, and 636 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5,305.4 PD/sqmi. There were 892 housing units at an average density of 2,057.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.48% White, 0.35% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.96% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.22% of the population.

There were 874 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $64,063, and the median income for a family was $64,950. Males had a median income of $48,125 versus $36,755 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,888. About 2.2% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and recreation

 * Bay Park – A Nassau County-owned park within the hamlet.

School districts
Bay Park is primarily located within the boundaries of the East Rockaway Union Free School District, while the eponymous county park is located within the boundaries of the Oceanside Union Free School District; all homes within the hamlet are within the boundaries of the East Rockaway UFSD. As such, all children who reside within the hamlet and attend public schools go to East Rockaway's schools.

Library districts
Bay Park is primarily located within the boundaries of the East Rockaway Library District, while the eponymous county park is located within the boundaries of the Oceanside Library District; the boundaries between both districts within the hamlet correspond with those for the school districts

title: Bay Park, New York


text:
Talk:PSOS (real-time operating system)

Disambiguate
Note to would-be editors: if you disagree with any of this, raise some talk about it. Otherwise expect any changes that you make to be reversed! (talk moved from article Aldie 04:20 Oct 23, 2002 (UTC))

PSOS could also refer to Project Support Open Source which is an effort to aid companies in donating to open source projects. It has so far raised over $30k (of which singapore and several other projects I am involved with have each received $50). Should this be added as a disambiguation page? Tamlyn 13:21, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

It could also refer to "Provably Secure Operating System", a capability-based OS design described in. Proposal:
 * rename this page to "pSOS (real-time operating system)"
 * add a stub page for "PSOS (capability operating system)"
 * add a disambig page.

--DavidHopwood 20:30, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
 * That's a good idea. I've gone ahead and moved the page to your suggested title, and created a disambiguation page where it was. Disavian (talk) 20:57, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:PSOS (real-time operating system)


text:
IDS

IDS may refer to:

Computing

 * IBM Informix Dynamic Server, a relational database management system
 * Ideographic Description Sequence, describing a Unihan character as a combination of other characters
 * Integrated Data Store, one of the first database management systems from the 1960s
 * Internet distribution system, a travel industry sales and marketing channel
 * Intrusion detection system, detecting unwanted network access
 * Intelligent Decision System, a software package for multiple criteria decision analysis
 * Iterative deepening search, a graph search algorithm performing depth-first search repeatedly with increasing depth limits

Organizations

 * Incomes Data Services, a British employment research organisation
 * Institute of Development Studies, a British international development organisation
 * International Distributions Services, a legal name of Royal Mail since 3 October 2022
 * Boeing Integrated Defense Systems, former name of a Boeing Defense, Space & Security
 * Integrated Defence Staff, an Indian military organisation
 * Investors Diversified Services, former name of Ameriprise Financial
 * Istrian Democratic Assembly, a Croatian political party
 * Indiana Daily Student, a newspaper
 * Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems
 * International Dermoscopy Society, an international medical academic society
 * International Design School, an Indonesian educational institution
 * Initiative for Democratic Socialism
 * Institute for the German Language

Science, technology and engineering

 * Iduronate-2-sulfatase, a sulfatase enzyme associated with Hunter syndrome
 * Index Catalogue of Visual Double Stars
 * Integrated Deepwater System Program, a program to upgrade equipment of the US Coast Guard
 * Tornado IDS (Interdictor/strike), a version of the Panavia Tornado combat aircraft
 * IDS experiment (ISOLDE Decay Station), at the ISOLDE facility, CERN

Other uses

 * Iain Duncan Smith (born 1954), British politician, widely referred to by his initials
 * IDS Center, building in Minneapolis, tallest in Minnesota, US
 * Infant-directed speech or baby talk
 * Information disclosure statement, to the US Patent and Trademark Office
 * Integrated delivery system, a generic term for a health care network that provides a variety of care
 * Income declaration scheme
 * Intercontinental Dictionary Series, an online linguistic database
 * International District/Chinatown station, a light rail station in Seattle, Washington, US

title: IDS


text:
Bayville, New York

Bayville (sometimes also referred to as Pine Island) is a village located in the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 6,669 at the 2010 census.

The Incorporated Village of Bayville is located on the Long Island Sound facing Greenwich, Connecticut.

History
Bayville incorporated as a village in 1919 during the incorporated village movement which allowed many larger estate owners on Long Island to establish political and security control over their domains.

Like many other Long Island communities, Bayville was first occupied by the Matinecock Indians and was known as Oak Neck and Pine Island. In 1658, Oyster Bay resident Daniel Whitehead purchased the land from the tribes. By 1745, the land was split among 23 men, who mainly grew asparagus. In 1859, Oak Neck was renamed Bayville and the first Methodist church was constructed west of what is now Merritt Lane. Multiple estates were built in the surrounding areas, and in 1898 a drawbridge was built, connecting Bayville and Mill Neck.

In 1909, the Bayville Casino opened for business, attracting beachgoers, and in 1919, Winslow S. Pierce, who owned the Dunstable Estate in town, was elected the first mayor of the Village of Bayville. The Dunstable Estate was sold to Harrison Williams and renamed "Oak Point". When the Arlington Hotel, Bayville Casino, and Ritzmore Estate burned to the ground, it prompted the creation of the Bayville Fire Department. Bayville was put on the front page of many newspapers in 1927 when the rum rummer William T. Bell ran ashore at the Oak Point estate. Things were a little slow for a while, but after World War II, the community began to boom. A new church, post office, and school were built in the span of three years, and from 1950 to 1960, the population doubled.

The Bayville Bridge, one of two entrances into the village, opened in 1938 and is a major landmark and tourist attraction; it is the fourth bridge at that location.

The village celebrated its centennial in 2019.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.5 sqmi, of which 1.4 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi, or 3.42%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,135 people, 2,566 households, and 1,906 families residing in the village. The population density was 5,065.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,683 housing units at an average density of 1,904.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.01% White, 0.31% African American, 0.24% Native American, 1.64% Asian, 1.08% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.82% of the population.

There were 2,566 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $68,380, and the median income for a family was $77,838. Males had a median income of $50,969 versus $38,304 for females. The per capita income for the village was $33,665. About 2.7% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.7% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government
As of October 2022, the Mayor of Bayville is longtime resident Steve Minicozzi and the Village Trustees are Valerie M. Belcher, Patricia Farnell, Robert M. Nigro, Elisa Santoro, and Peter B. Valsecchi.

Notable people

 * Harrison Williams, 20th-century entrepreneur, investor and multi-millionaire
 * Jackie Martling, former writer for The Howard Stern Show
 * Rick Pitino, former NBA and NCAA basketball coach
 * Tommy Sheehan, winner of season 39 of the show Survivor

title: Bayville, New York


text:
Bellerose, New York

Bellerose is a village in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 1,173 at the 2020 census.

History
The village was founded by Helen Marsh of Williamsburg, Brooklyn. In 1907, planning to build a model community, Marsh purchased 77 acre of Floral Park gladiola fields. The first Bellerose home was completed, under Marsh's supervision, in 1910. Marsh persuaded the Long Island Rail Road to place a station in the new village, and she named the station Bellerose. Though it has been suggested that she named the station for the Rose farm, south of the railroad, and her daughter Belle, she said that she simply found the name "euphonious". A vote of the homeowners made the name official in 1917.

Bellerose incorporated itself as a village in 1924 in order to gain and maintaine home rule.

The Bellerose Village Hall, Fire House and Police Booth are on the National and State registries of Historic Places; the complex is known as the Bellerose Village Municipal Complex.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.1203 sqmi, all land.

The village borders Queens to the north, Bellerose Terrace to the west, and Floral Park to the south.

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,173 people, 378 households, and 333 families residing in the village. The population density was 12,207.3 PD/sqmi. There were 384 housing units at an average density of 3,996.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 90.79% White, 0.43% African American, 6.65% Asian, 0.85% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.35% of the population.

There were 378 households, out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.3% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.9% were non-families. 9.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $100,263, and the median income for a family was $110,404. Males had a median income of $72,917 versus $50,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $36,446. None of the families and 0.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 1.3% of those over 64.

Government
As of August 2022, the Mayor of Bellerose is Kenneth Moore, the Deputy Mayor is Joseph Juliano, and the Village Trustees are Ann Marie Byrnes, Kate Dorry, and Daniel Driscoll.

Education
It is in the Floral Park-Bellerose Union Free School District and the Sewanhaka Central High School District.

Notable people

 * Joanne Persico, volleyball coach
 * John P. Shanley (1915-1985), journalist, specializing in radio, television and drama, who spent much of his career with The New York Times.
 * Nick Wall, (1906-1983), jockey

title: Bellerose, New York


text:
Bellerose Terrace, New York

Bellerose Terrace is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 2,329 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.1 sqmi, all land.

Bellerose Terrace is located on the border of Queens County. It is adjacent to the neighborhoods of Bellerose, Queens and Queens Village, Queens in New York City, the Incorporated Village of Bellerose in Nassau County to the east, Floral Park to the southeast, and Elmont to the south.

2010 Census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,198 people, 633 households, and 544 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 22,212.2 PD/sqmi. There were 587 housing units at an average density of 6,683.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 49.5% White, 8.4% African American, 0.1% Native American, 28.1% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 10.4% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.8% of the population.

There were 633 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.1% were non-families. 11.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.47 and the average family size was 3.76.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $92,750, and the median income for a family was $96,094. Males had a median income of $52,617 versus $53,478 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,802. About 3.8% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over. According to the 2013 American Community Survey, 29.9% of families make $100,000 to $199,000 and 15.3% make $200,000 or more.

Education
Bellerose Terrace is served by the Floral Park-Bellerose Union Free School District for elementary education, and the Sewanhaka Central High School District for secondary education; the elementary district feeds into it.

Transportation
The Cross Island Parkway travels through the heart of Bellerose Terrace. Additionally, the hamlet's southern border is the Main Line of the Long Island Rail Road. The Hamlet is served by the LIRR's Elmont station that opened on November 20, 2021 only the eastbound platform but then westbound platform opened on October 6, 2022.

title: Bellerose Terrace, New York


text:
The Bellmores, New York

In New York, The Bellmores collectively refers to:
 * Bellmore, New York
 * North Bellmore, New York

title: The Bellmores, New York


text:
Bethpage, New York

Bethpage (formerly known as Central Park) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 16,658 at the 2020 United States Census.

History
The name Bethpage comes from the Quaker Thomas Powell, who named the area after the Biblical town Bethphage, which was between Jericho and Jerusalem in the Holy Land. Present-day Bethpage was part of the 1695 Bethpage Purchase. An early name for the northern section of present-day Bethpage was Bedelltown, a name that appeared on maps at least as late as 1906.

On maps just before the arrival of the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), the name Bethpage appears for a community now included in both the post office district and school district of the adjacent community of Farmingdale. In 1841, train service began to Farmingdale station, near a new settlement less than a mile eastward from what had previously appeared on maps as Bethpage. Schedules at that time do not mention Bethpage as a stop, but have a notation "late Bethpage". On an 1855 map, the location identified as Bethpage has shifted slightly westward to include a nearby area now called Plainedge.

Between 1851 and 1854, the LIRR initiated a stop within present-day Bethpage at a station then called Jerusalem Station, and on January 29, 1857, a local post office opened, also named Jerusalem Station. LIRR schedules listed the station also as simply Jerusalem. Residents succeeded in changing the name of the post office to Central Park, effective March 1, 1867 (respelled as Centralpark from 1895 to 1899). The Central Park Fire Company was organized in April 1910, and incorporated in May 1911. In May 1923 the Central Park Water District was created.

Following the 1932 opening of nearby Bethpage State Park, the name of the local post office was changed to Bethpage on October 1, 1936. The LIRR station was also renamed Bethpage station. The name Bethpage was, however, already in use by an adjacent community, which resisted suggestions of a merger and instead renamed itself Old Bethpage. The change from Central Park to Bethpage was one of the last complete name changes of Nassau County's post offices.

From 1936 until 1994, Bethpage was home to the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, which made, among other things, the F-14 Tomcat, the Navy version of the General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark and the Apollo Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) for Moon landings, and for this reason Bethpage is mentioned in the 1995 film Apollo 13. Grumman was made famous by the performance of its F4F Wildcat fighter aircraft and its successor the F6F Hellcat, which shot down 5,223 enemy aircraft, more than any other naval aircraft. In 1994, Grumman was purchased by Northrop and formed Northrop Grumman. Although no longer headquartered in Bethpage, the company still retains operations there.

The Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage (NWIRP) started operations in 1942, west of the Grumman site.

Altice USA (f/k/a Cablevision) is headquartered in Grumman's former main office.

In August 2015, a small airplane with engine trouble failed to reach Farmingdale airport, and was redirected to "Bethpage Airport" by the air traffic controller. However, the pilot could not find that airport because it was closed and had buildings on it, and the plane crashed on LIRR tracks.

Superfund site
Bethpage's history as a space and aviation center has left heavy metals, toxic waste, and radioactive byproducts dumped into the surrounding ground and leeching into the water. Bethpage as of 2012 has been declared a class 2 Superfund site. The rate of cancers and birth defects in Bethpage is statistically well above the national average, which many attribute to the polluted soil and ground water. Bethpage residents have taken action by filing a $500 million lawsuit against Grumman.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP, or Census Designated Place, has a total area of 3.6 sqmi, all land. For the 2000 Census, the boundaries of the CDP were adjusted compared to those of the 1990 census, with some territory gained and some lost.

The area is served by the Bethpage Post Office, ZIP code 11714, whose boundaries are slightly different from that of the CDP. The area is also served by Bethpage Union Free School District, Island Trees Union Free School District, Plainedge Union Free School District, and Hicksville Union Free School District, the boundaries of which include parts of some surrounding hamlets, including parts of Old Bethpage, Plainview, and Plainedge. The Town of Hempstead, on its website, includes a small part of Bethpage hamlet that is in the Levittown census-designated place.

Economy
The grocery chain King Kullen is based in Bethpage. USPS also has a sorting facility in the town that serves the New York region. Bethpage is also home to the North America Headquarters of technology company LogiTag and Altice, formerly known as Cablevision.

Bethpage is home to two movie studios. Gold Coast Studios has filmed major motion pictures in Bethpage including The Amazing Spider-Man 2 and Sisters, as well as the television series Pan Am and Kevin Can Wait. Grumman Studios also worked on The Amazing Spider-Man 2, and has filmed Avengers, Salt and broadcast The Sound of Music Live!

Goya Foods has its Long Island division in Bethpage.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 16,429 people, 5,710 households, and 4,516 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4,564.5 PD/sqmi. There were 5,788 housing units at an average density of 1,597.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.8% White 85.8% Non-Hispanic White, 0.6% African American, 0.1% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 1.5% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7% of the population.

There were 5,710 households, out of which 32% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. Of all households 17.9% were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $70,173, and the median income for a family was $78,573. Males had a median income of $53,404 versus $36,708 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,850. About 2.1% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
Bethpage was the home of the Grumman plant that produced the Apollo Lunar Modules, or LEMs.

Bethpage State Park offers five golf courses to choose from. One of them, the Black Course, was the site of the U.S. Open in 2002 and 2009. Tiger Woods won the event in 2002 and Lucas Glover in 2009. While the park and its five golf courses are located almost entirely within Old Bethpage and its offices are located within the neighboring Farmingdale postal district, it is easily accessed from Bethpage.

Bethpage Water District was announced as the best tasting drinking water in New York State at the New York State Fair in Syracuse in 2006. In 2010 chlorine was added to the drinking water following new Nassau County Board of Health regulations, leading many residents to complain that the taste of the water had declined.

Medal of Honor recipient Stephen Edward Karopczyc lived in Bethpage, and the former Karopczyc School in Bethpage (part of the Island Trees Union Free School District) was renamed for him. The school now houses the Island Trees Public Library.

The Town of Oyster Bay Ice Skating Center in Bethpage has an NHL-size rink for skating, and is home to the Long Island Blues special hockey team, who practice and play home games at the rink.

Education
Bethpage residents can be zoned for the Bethpage Union Free School District, the Plainedge Union Free School District, the Island Trees Union Free School District, or the Hicksville Union Free School District.

Additionally, Briarcliffe College used to have a campus in Bethpage.

Notable people

 * Eric Asimov (born 1957), wine and food critic (The New York Times)
 * Sophia Braeunlich (1854–1898), business manager, journalist
 * Nicholas Braun (born 1988), actor
 * Lori Carson (born 1958), singer-songwriter
 * Jim Christian (born 1965), college basketball player, coach
 * Jim Hodder (1947–1990), musician (Steely Dan)
 * Jason Moss (1975–2006), attorney, author
 * Alex Reynolds (born 1987), professional wrestler for All Elite Wrestling
 * Joe Sambito (born 1952), Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Rob Scuderi (born 1978), National Hockey League player
 * Leslie Segrete (born 1975), designer, television personality
 * Helen Slater (born 1963), actress, singer
 * Gary Smulyan (born 1956), jazz musician
 * Gavin Spielman (born 1972), painter
 * Al Weis (born 1938), Major League Baseball infielder.

title: Bethpage, New York


text:
Brookville, New York

Brookville is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 2,939 at the time of the 2020 census.

History
The geographic Village of Brookville was formed in two stages. When the village was incorporated in 1931, it consisted of a long, narrow tract of land that was centered along Cedar Swamp Road (Route 107). In the 1950s, the northern portion of the unincorporated area then known as Wheatley Hills was annexed and incorporated into the village, approximately doubling the village's area to its present 2650 acre.

When the Town of Oyster Bay purchased what is now Brookville from the Matinecocks in the mid-17th century, the area was known as Suco's Wigwam. Most pioneers were English, many of them Quakers. They were soon joined by Dutch settlers from western Long Island, who called the surrounding area Wolver Hollow, apparently because wolves gathered at spring-fed Shoo Brook to drink. For most of the 19th century, the village was called Tappentown after a prominent family. Brookville became the preferred name after the Civil War and was used on 1873 maps.

Brookville's two centuries as a farm and woodland backwater changed quickly in the early 20th century as wealthy New Yorkers built lavish mansions. By the mid-1920s, there were 22 estates, part of the emergence of Nassau's North Shore Gold Coast. One was Broadhollow, the 108 acre spread of attorney-banker-diplomat Winthrop W. Aldrich, which had a 40-room manor house. The second owner of Broadhollow was Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr., who at one point was president of the Belmont and Pimlico racetracks. Marjorie Merriweather Post, daughter of cereal creator Charles William Post, and her husband Edward Francis Hutton, the famous financier, built a lavish 70-room mansion on 178 acres called Hillwood.

In 1931, estate owners banded together to win village incorporation to head off what they saw as undesirable residential and commercial development in other parts of Nassau County. The first Mayor was W. Deering Howe. In 1947, the Post estate was sold to Long Island University for its C. W. Post campus. The campus is noted as the home of the Tilles Center for the Performing Arts. Also in Brookville is the DeSeversky Conference Center of the New York Institute of Technology. The center was formerly Templeton, mansion of socialite and businessman Winston Guest. Templeton was later used as one of the settings for the Dudley Moore film Arthur.

The Chapelle de St. Martin de Sayssuel, also known as the St. Joan of Arc Chapel where Joan of Arc prayed prior to engaging the English, was moved from France to Brookville in the early 20th century. It was acquired by Gertrude Hill Gavin, daughter of James J. Hill, the American railroad magnate. The chapel was dismantled stone by stone and imported from France to her Brookville estate in 1926. The chapel is now located at Marquette University in Wisconsin.

The Brookville Reformed Church, one of the oldest existing church congregations in the country, calls Brookville its home. The Brookville Church was founded by 17th century Dutch settlers.

The James Preserve is a nature preserve in Old Brookville and is the only tract of land showing the natural appearance of the village before development. Although it is in Old Brookville, it is connected to Greenvale.

In 2009, BusinessWeek dubbed Brookville the wealthiest town in America.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.0 sqmi, all land.

The village lost territory to the adjacent Incorporated Village of East Hills between the 1960 census and the 1970 census.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,126 people, 631 households, and 569 families residing in the village. The population density was 530.5 PD/sqmi. There were 648 housing units at an average density of 161.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 89.75% White, 1.16% African American, 3.16% Asian, 0.56% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.68% of the population.

There were 631 households, out of which 49.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 82.9% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9.8% were non-families. 7.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.35 and the average family size was 3.49.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 32.8% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was in excess of $200,000 – as was the median income for a family. Males had a median income of over $100,000 versus $60,238 for females. The per capita income for the village was $84,375. None of families or the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 or those age 65 or over.

In 2009, Brookville topped BusinessWeek's list of America's 25 wealthiest towns based on average income and net worth.

Government
As of August 2021, the Mayor of Brookville is Daniel H. Serota, the Deputy Mayor is Caroline Z. Bazzini, and the Village Trustees are Caroline Z. Bazzini, John A. Burns, Edward J. Chesnik, and Robert D. Spina.

The village is protected by the Brookville Police Department, which was established in 2022.

K-12 education
Brookville is primarily served by the Jericho Union Free School District, though portions are served by the Locust Valley Central School District.

The Long Island Lutheran Middle and High School is also located in the village.

Higher education
Half of New York Institute of Technology's 1,050 acre Old Westbury campus is located in the Village of Brookville.

The village is also the home of LIU Post, which is the largest campus of the private Long Island University system.

Notable people

 * Winthrop W. Aldrich, U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom.
 * Marc Anthony, singer.
 * Arthur Scott Burden, president of Burden Iron Works.
 * Joseph E. Davies, second U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union.
 * Angie Dickinson, actress.
 * Alfred I. du Pont, inventor, philanthropist.
 * Prince Felix and the Royal Family of Luxembourg.
 * C. Z. Guest, socialite.
 * Frederick Edward Guest, British Cabinet minister.
 * Edward Francis Hutton, co-founder, E. F. Hutton & Co.
 * Mary McFadden, fashion designer, writer.
 * Dina Merrill, actress.
 * Marjorie Merriweather Post, philanthropist.
 * Cynthia Roche, socialite.
 * Diego Suarez, garden designer.
 * Percy Uris, real estate investor/builder.
 * Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr., owner of the Belmont and Pimlico racetracks.

title: Brookville, New York


text:
Carle Place, New York

Carle Place (also known historically as Frog Hollow and Mineola Park) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The CDP's population was 5,005 at the time of the 2020 census.

History
In 1946, developer William J. Levitt bought 19 acres of land near the Carle Place train station for an experiment. His crews brought pre-cut lumber to the site and rapidly assembled 600 low-cost houses, offering affordable suburban living with an easy commute into offices in New York City. Within five years, returning veterans and their families swelled the population by 500 percent. It transformed Carle Place, and served as the prototype for Levittown, the larger development which Levitt began the following year only a few miles away.

The hamlet is named for Silas Carle, or (more specifically) the Carle House – a 32-room house built by Carle in Westbury in the 1800s. It was commonly known as the "Carle Place", and the surrounding area later took the name.

The area was also known as Mineola Park between circa 1895 and 1915, after an unsuccessful real estate development of the same name within the hamlet. The name was reverted to Carle Place in 1915, and there was only one further attempt to change it, which took place in 1951 after Levitt & Sons purchased and developed much of the area consisting of the unsuccessful development. The proposal failed, as the majority of residents preferred keeping the name, and no attempts to change it have taken place since.

Another historic name for the area is Frog Hollow, which is still used colloquially and is the source of the Carle Place Union Free School District's mascot.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.935 sqmi, all land.

The villages bordering Carle Place are Mineola, Garden City, and Westbury. Carle Place also borders the part of Uniondale formerly known as East Garden City, an unincorporated area of the Town of Hempstead.

Carle Place's southern border runs along Old Country Road, while its eastern border runs along Carle Road.

The southern border also makes up part of the border between North Hempstead and Hempstead.

Most of the western border runs along the path of the former Long Island Motor Parkway.

Economy
Carle Place is considered a bedroom community of the City of New York. As such, many residents commute to/from New York for work. The hamlet also consists of areas of varying sizes zoned for commercial, retail, and industrial uses.

Additionally, Carle Place was formerly home to the headquarters of 1-800 Flowers.

2010 Census
As of the 2010 census The make up of the population was 77.9% Non-Hispanic white, 2.1% Black or African American, 7.9% Asian, 3.8% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.1% of the population.

2000 Census
As of the 2000 census, there were 5,247 people, 1,900 households, and 1,371 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,155.2 /km2. The Town is known for being 1 sqmi. There were 1,922 housing units at an average density of 789.5 /km2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.88% White, 1.89% African American, 0.02% Native American, 5.45% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.47% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.78% of the population.

There were 1,900 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.31.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $70,938, and the median income for a family was $85,240. Males had a median income of $51,744 versus $37,344 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,624. About 3.4% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Carle Place has its own school district, which, though it includes small portions of the villages of Westbury and Mineola, is one of the smallest in New York state. It consists of three schools which adjoin each other on one large campus: The entirety of Carle Place is located within this district, thus meaning all children who reside within the hamlet and attend public schools go to Carle Place's schools.
 * Cherry Lane School, a primary school serving grades K-2
 * Rushmore Avenue School, an elementary school serving grades 3–6
 * Carle Place Middle School/High School, a secondary school serving grades 7–12

Transportation
The Long Island Rail Road's Carle Place station is located within the hamlet. It is located on the LIRR's Main Line.

Landmark

 * St. Mary's Chapel – A historic church within the hamlet listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Richard Friesner – Scientist, entrepreneur, and professor at Columbia University, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and co-founder of Schrödinger, LLC., a drug discovery tech company.
 * Brendan Hay – Emmy-nominated TV writer and showrunner.
 * Matt Snell – Former player with the New York Jets.
 * Richard Staff – Baseball writer.
 * Steve Vai – Guitarist.

title: Carle Place, New York


text:
Cedarhurst, New York

Cedarhurst is a village in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 7,374 as of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Cedarhurst is located in the region of Long Island's South Shore known as the Five Towns.

History
The village was incorporated in 1910. It is part of the "Five Towns," together with the village of Lawrence and the hamlets of Woodmere and Inwood, and "The Hewletts," which consist of the villages of Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett Harbor and Hewlett Neck and the hamlet of Hewlett, along with Woodsburgh.

Cedarhurst's early name was Ocean Point. Rail service arrived in 1869 which led people to the area, especially to the Rockaway Hunting Club, built in Cedarhurst in 1878. A post office was established in 1884, and Ocean Point was renamed Cedarhurst, partly at the request of the Hunt Club. The name Cedarhurst is in reference to a grove of trees that once stood at the post office.

For many years, Central Avenue, the area's main business district, was considered the Rodeo Drive of Long Island, offering upscale shops and boutiques to discriminating shoppers from around the area. With the growth of the local Orthodox Jewish community, many stores and restaurants now cater to the needs of this community. As observant Jews do not shop on the Jewish Sabbath, many of the street's businesses are closed on Saturday, reducing the foot traffic for those stores that remain open on Saturdays.

On November 22, 2019, a fire broke out at the Cedarhurst Shoppes, which affected five businesses of various types and significantly damaged them.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,164 people, 2,289 households, and 1,636 families residing in the village. The population density was 9,042.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,366 housing units at an average density of 3,470.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 90.74% White, 1.28% African American, 0.11% Native American, 3.08% Asian, 2.94% from other races, and 1.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.35% of the population.

There were 2,289 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $56,441, and the median income for a family was $71,406. Males had a median income of $52,460 versus $37,292 for females. The per capita income for the village was $29,591. About 4.3% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

Over the past twenty years significant numbers of Orthodox Jewish families have moved into Cedarhurst supporting synagogues and other Jewish organizations. Italian-Americans (15.3%), Russian Americans (10.5%), Polish-Americans (9.7%) and Irish-Americans (6.9%) also make up a large percentage of the Five Towns community.

Education
Cedarhurst is part of School District 15 and is served by the Lawrence Public Schools. Lawrence High School as well as the #5 Elementary School, which serve students from a number of surrounding communities, are located in Cedarhurst.

Cedarhurst is also home to the Hebrew Academy of the Five Towns and Rockaway High School and a Kahal school, both located on Central Avenue.

Religion
Cedarhurst is home to a number of shuls, including Temple Beth El, the Chofetz Chaim Torah Center, Congregation Tifereth Zvi, Kehilas Bais Yehuda Tzvi (otherwise known as The Red Shul), Agudath Israel of the Five Towns, Chabad of the Five Towns, Kehilas Bais Yisroel and the Young Israel of Lawrence Cedarhurst.

The town is also home to St. Joachim Church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre, also on Central Avenue. The church's parish elementary school was closed in June 2005 due to declining enrollment in the school's area over the previous decade.

Government

 *  Mayor Benjamin Weinstock
 * Deputy Mayor Ari Brown (2001–present)
 * Village Justice Hon. Andrew Goldsmith (2013–present)
 * Village Trustee Myrna Zisman (2008–present)
 * Village Trustee Israel Wasser (2015–present)
 * Village Trustee Daniel Plaut (2019–present)

Train
The Cedarhurst station provides Long Island Rail Road service on the Far Rockaway Branch to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan and the Atlantic Terminal in Brooklyn.

Bus
Nassau Inter-County Express regularly services the neighborhood with the n31 and n32 buses. The MTA offers limited service with the Q111 bus, running only one trip a day in each direction.

Emergency services
The Nassau County Police Department provides police services in Cedarhurst and most of Nassau County. Cedarhurst is part of the force's Fourth Precinct.

Cedarhurst is served by the Lawrence-Cedarhurst Fire Department. The LCFD consists of close to 80 volunteer firefighters and provides fire protection to the villages of Lawrence and Cedarhurst, as well as the North Lawrence Fire District and East Lawrence Fire District. The LCFD also responds to alarms such as car accidents and aided cases on the Atlantic Beach Bridge. The Chief of the Lawrence-Cedarhurst Fire Department is James McHugh.

Notable people

 * Lyle Alzado (1949–1992), actor and All Pro National Football League defensive lineman
 * Jake Burton (1954–2019), snowboarding pioneer
 * Helen Hicks (1911–1974), pro golfer who was one of the 13 co-founders of the LPGA in 1950.
 * Red Holzman (1920–1998), two-time NBA All-Star guard, former coach of the New York Knicks, Hall of Fame
 * Alan Kalter (born 1943), announcer on the Late Show with David Letterman.
 * Shane Olivea (1981-2022), football player
 * Lil Tecca (born 2002), rapper, singer and songwriter.
 * Evan Roberts (born 1983), radio personality
 * Michael Scanlan (1931–2017), Roman Catholic priest.
 * Rodolfo Valentin (born 1944), celebrity hair stylist

In popular culture

 * Parts of the movie Married to the Mob, most notably the opening scene at the train station, were filmed in Cedarhurst.

title: Cedarhurst, New York


text:
Centre Island, New York

Centre Island is an upscale residential village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. Centre Island is home to many high profile figures in politics, advertising, media, finance, and entertainment. Its population was 410 as of the 2010 census.

Geography

Despite its name, it is actually a peninsula in modern times. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.1 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 444 people, 174 households, and 128 families residing in the village. The population density was 397.2 PD/sqmi. There were 209 housing units at an average density of 187.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.62% White, 0.45% African American, 0.90% Asian, 0.45% from other races, and 1.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.15% of the population.

There were 174 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $117,848, and the median income for a family was $115,972. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $40,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $96,674. About 6.0% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.5% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government
As of August 2021, the Mayor of Centre Island is Michael Chalos and the Village Trustees are Robert Broussard, Grace Haggerty, and the Honorable Victor Ort.

School district
The Village of Centre Island is located entirely within the boundaries of the Oyster Bay–East Norwich Central School District. As such, all children who reside within Centre Island and attend public schools go to Oyster Bay–East Norwich's schools.

Library district
Centre Island is located within the boundaries of the Oyster Bay–East Norwich Library District.

Notable people

 * John Barry, film composer.
 * Sean Hannity: Radio host, television host, political commentator, and author.
 * Billy Joel: American singer-songwriter, composer, and pianist.
 * Alan Jay Lerner: Academy and Tony Award-winning lyricist.
 * Rupert Murdoch: Media mogul who founded NewsCorp.
 * Rosalind P. Walter: American philanthropist known for her support of PBS programs.

title: Centre Island, New York


text:
Cove Neck, New York

Cove Neck is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York. The population was 286 at the 2010 census.

History
Cove Neck incorporated as a village in 1927.

Cove Neck is the site of the home of President Theodore Roosevelt. His estate, Sagamore Hill, is now a museum operated by the National Park Service. It attracts many visitors annually.

On January 25, 1990, Avianca Flight 052, which was operated by one of the airline's Boeing 707 jetliners, ran out of fuel before crashing into a hillside in Cove Neck. 73 out of the 158 passengers and crew on board died in the accident.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.6 sqmi, of which 1.3 sqmi is land and 0.3 sqmi, or 18.47%, is water.

The village is located on a peninsula projecting into Oyster Bay. It is located directly across from Centre Island.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 300 people, 110 households, and 83 families in the village. The population density was 233.4 PD/sqmi. Cove Neck is the least densely populated community in Nassau County. There were 140 housing units at an average density of 108.9 /sqmi. es living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 19.1% of households were one person and 11.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.16.

The age distribution was 26.3% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.

Government
As of December 2021, the Mayor of Cove Neck is Thomas R. Zoller, the Deputy Mayor is Lisabeth Harris, and the Village Trustees are Joseph Castellano, Lisabeth Harris, Marjorie Isaksen, and Marta Kelly.

Politics
In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the majority of Cove Neck voters voted for Hillary Clinton (D).

Education
The entirety of Cove Neck is located within the boundaries of (and is thus served by) the Oyster Bay-East Norwich Central School District. As such, all children who reside within the village and attend public schools go to Oyster Bay–East Norwich's schools.

Notable people

 * John McEnroe – Tennis player.
 * Theodore Roosevelt – 26th President of the United States.
 * Charles Wang – Businessman and former owner of the New York Islanders.

title: Cove Neck, New York


text:
East Atlantic Beach, New York

East Atlantic Beach is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 2,049 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated hamlet is governed by the Town of Hempstead, one of three towns in Nassau County.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.7 sqmi, of which 0.3 sqmi is land and 0.4 sqmi – or 55.88% – is water.

The hamlet is one of five municipalities located on Long Beach Barrier Island – a barrier island lying just south of Long Island. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the south, Reynolds Channel on the north, the Village of Atlantic Beach to the west, and the City of Long Beach to the east.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,257 people, 887 households, and 587 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 7,544.4 PD/sqmi. There were 965 housing units at an average density of 3,225.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.25% White, 0.31% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 0.66% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.54% of the population.

There were 887 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $71,667, and the median income for a family was $86,356. Males had a median income of $60,871 versus $38,125 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $34,429. None of the families and 1.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 2.4% of those over 64.

Government
Law enforcement for East Atlantic Beach is provided by the 4th Precinct of the Nassau County Police Department.

The East Atlantic Beach Fire District is responsible for providing fire and emergency ambulance services. Since the district does not maintain its own fire department or ambulance service, the district contracts with the neighboring Long Beach Fire Department.

U.S. Mail Service is provided by the Long Beach Post Office.

Parks and recreation
Two playground parks and the beach park are controlled by the Town of Hempstead. The beach park, which stretches along the entire ocean-facing length of the hamlet is staffed by Town of Hempstead lifeguards during the summer, and is a private beach. Although there is no fee, only residents of the hamlet are able to obtain seasonal beach passes for admittance.

title: East Atlantic Beach, New York


text:
Prevalence

In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. Prevalence is most often used in questionnaire studies.

Difference between prevalence and incidence
Prevalence is the number of disease cases present in a particular population at a given time, whereas incidence is the number of new cases that develop during a specified time period. Prevalence answers "How many people have this disease right now?" or "How many people have had this disease during this time period?". Incidence answers "How many people acquired the disease [during a specified time period]?". However, mathematically, prevalence is proportional to the product of the incidence and the average duration of the disease. In particular, when the prevalence is low (<10%), the relationship can be expressed as:

 * $$Prevalence = incidence \times duration$$

Caution must be practiced as this relationship is only applicable when the following two conditions are met: 1) prevalence is low and 2) the duration is constant (or an average can be taken). A general formulation requires differential equations.

Examples and utility
In science, prevalence describes a proportion (typically expressed as a percentage). For example, the prevalence of obesity among American adults in 2001 was estimated by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) at approximately 20.9%.

Prevalence is a term that means being widespread and it is distinct from incidence. Prevalence is a measurement of all individuals affected by the disease at a particular time, whereas incidence is a measurement of the number of new individuals who contract a disease during a particular period of time. Prevalence is a useful parameter when talking about long-lasting diseases, such as HIV, but incidence is more useful when talking about diseases of short duration, such as chickenpox.

Lifetime prevalence
Lifetime prevalence (LTP) is the proportion of individuals in a population that at some point in their life (up to the time of assessment) have experienced a "case", e.g., a disease; a traumatic event; or a behavior, such as committing a crime. Often, a 12-month prevalence (or some other type of "period prevalence") is provided in conjunction with lifetime prevalence. Point prevalence is the prevalence of disorder at a specific point in time (a month or less). Lifetime morbid risk is "the proportion of a population that might become afflicted with a given disease at any point in their lifetime."

Period prevalence
Period prevalence is the proportion of the population with a given disease or condition over a specific period of time. It could describe how many people in a population had a cold over the cold season in 2006, for example. It is expressed as a percentage of the population and can be described by the following formula:

Period prevalence (proportion) = Number of cases that existed in a given period ÷ Number of people in the population during this period

The relationship between incidence (rate), point prevalence (ratio) and period prevalence (ratio) is easily explained via an analogy with photography. Point prevalence is akin to a flashlit photograph: what is happening at this instant frozen in time. Period prevalence is analogous to a long exposure (seconds, rather than an instant) photograph: the number of events recorded in the photo whilst the camera shutter was open. In a movie each frame records an instant (point prevalence); by looking from frame to frame one notices new events (incident events) and can relate the number of such events to a period (number of frames); see incidence rate.

Point prevalence
Point prevalence is a measure of the proportion of people in a population who have a disease or condition at a particular time, such as a particular date. It is like a snapshot of the disease in time. It can be used for statistics on the occurrence of chronic diseases. This is in contrast to period prevalence which is a measure of the proportion of people in a population who have a disease or condition over a specific period of time, say a season, or a year. Point prevalence can be described by the formula: Prevalence = Number of existing cases on a specific date ÷ Number of people in the population on this date

Limitations
It can be said that a very small error applied over a very large number of individuals (that is, those who are not affected by the condition in the general population during their lifetime; for example, over 95%) produces a relevant, non-negligible number of subjects who are incorrectly classified as having the condition or any other condition which is the object of a survey study: these subjects are the so-called false positives; such reasoning applies to the 'false positive' but not the 'false negative' problem where we have an error applied over a relatively very small number of individuals to begin with (that is, those who are affected by the condition in the general population; for example, less than 5%). Hence, a very high percentage of subjects who seem to have a history of a disorder at interview are false positives for such a medical condition and apparently never developed a fully clinical syndrome.

A different but related problem in evaluating the public health significance of psychiatric conditions has been highlighted by Robert Spitzer of Columbia University: fulfillment of diagnostic criteria and the resulting diagnosis do not necessarily imply need for treatment.

A well-known statistical problem arises when ascertaining rates for disorders and conditions with a relatively low population prevalence or base rate. Even assuming that lay interview diagnoses are highly accurate in terms of sensitivity and specificity and their corresponding area under the ROC curve (that is, AUC, or area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), a condition with a relatively low prevalence or base-rate is bound to yield high false positive rates, which exceed false negative rates; in such a circumstance a limited positive predictive value, PPV, yields high false positive rates even in presence of a specificity which is very close to 100%.

title: Prevalence


text:
East Garden City, New York

East Garden City (also known as the Nassau Hub) is a hamlet and former census-designated place (CDP) in the northeast part of the Town of Hempstead, in the central part of Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States, along the Hempstead/North Hempstead town line. The population was 6,208 at the 2010 census, when it was still listed as a CDP. Since then, it is now included in the Uniondale CDP.

The hamlet is mostly a commercial and industrial area, and it also includes Nassau Community College – along with a portion of Hofstra University's north campus.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 3.0 sqmi, all land.

Beginning on its northern border and proceeding clockwise, East Garden City was bordered on the north by Carle Place and the Village of Westbury in the Town of North Hempstead (the Hempstead/North Hempstead town line); on the east by East Meadow; on the south by Uniondale and the Village of Hempstead; and, on the west by the Villages of Hempstead and Garden City.

East Garden City was one of many areas on Long Island where none of the places in the community have the hamlet name as part of their mailing address: places in East Garden City have either a "Garden City, NY 11530", a "Westbury, NY 11590", a "Uniondale, NY 11553" or a "Hempstead, NY 11550" mailing address.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,208 people living in the then-CDP. There were 1,341 housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 67.3% Non-Hispanic White, 16.7% African American, 0.1% Native American, 4.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 9.0% Hispanic, and 3.0% from two or more races.

Controversy & absorption
In 2015, there were disputes between Uniondale and East Garden City about the latter's existence.

According to the Long Island Press, "They [civic leaders from Uniondale] argue that planners and developers concocted the name to distance prime real estate north of Hempstead Turnpike from the racially diverse neighborhood on the south side. Lawmakers back Uniondale’s cause, but wiping East Garden City off the map is easier said than done. At stake is what to call the heart of the area also known as the Nassau Hub—home to almost half the county’s economic activity and Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum."

Newsday later notes, "In May [2015], the controversy led to a meeting involving then-Town Supervisor Kate Murray, Rep. Kathleen Rice (D-Garden City) and federal census officials, who, while agreeing to drop the name, indicated it might take 18 months to become official."

title: East Garden City, New York