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Kendall, Florida

Kendall is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area. At the 2020 census, the area had a population of 80,241.

History
Much of what is now Kendall was purchased from the State of Florida in 1883 by the Florida Land and Mortgage Company. It was named for Henry John Broughton Kendall, a director of the company, who moved to the area in the 1900s to manage the company's land. As the land was not open to homesteading, development was slow well into the 20th century. A post office opened in 1914, and the first school opened in 1929. After the end of the land boom in 1926, some residents left. Two Seminole camps were in the Kendall area, and Seminoles continued to live there into the 1940s.

Prior to the 1950s, the term "Kendall" was used to describe a region centered around U.S. Route 1, bounded by Snapper Creek to the north, the Everglades to the west, Old Cutler Road to the east, and the former community of Rockdale to the south. This area was largely uninhabited, generally consisting of pine rockland interspersed with fields and groves. As the region experienced rapid development in the 1950s, the moniker "Kendall" came to refer to the various communities built in the vicinity of present-day Pinecrest and the eastern half of the current Kendall CDP. When growth shifted west in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the usage of the term steadily shifted west concurrently, and today it is most often applied to the area more formally known as West Kendall. Prior to incorporation in 1996, the Village of Pinecrest was still included in the official boundaries of Kendall CDP.

In August 1992, Kendall and the surrounding South Dade area were severely damaged by Hurricane Andrew. Many of the homes and businesses in the area were destroyed. In the subsequent years, the area was slowly rebuilt.

Geography
Kendall is located 14 mi southwest of downtown Miami at 25.66667°N, -80.35667°W (25.666781, −80.356533). It is bordered to the east by the village of Pinecrest, to the southeast by the village of Palmetto Bay, to the south by Palmetto Estates and Richmond Heights, to the southwest by Three Lakes, to the west by The Crossings, to the northwest by Kendale Lakes, to the north by Sunset, and to the northeast by Glenvar Heights.

U.S. Route 1 forms the eastern boundary of Kendall; it leads northeast to Miami and southwest 16 mi to Homestead. The Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike forms the western boundary of Kendall, leading north 10 mi to Doral and south 18 mi to its southern terminus at Florida City. The Don Shula Expressway (Florida State Road 874) crosses Kendall from northeast to southwest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Kendall CDP has a total area of 16.6 sqmi; 16.1 sqmi of it are land and 0.5 sqmi of it (3.03%) are water.

Climate
Kendall has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) which is similar to the remainder of Miami-Dade County, although its inland location does make it cooler at night and warmer during the day compared to coastal areas such as Miami Beach.

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 80,241 people, 27,691 households, and 19,077 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 75,371 people, 27,287 households, and 18,812 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
In 2000, 33.4% households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.14.

In 2000, 23.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.

In 2000, the median household income was $51,330 and the median family income was $61,241. Males had a median income of $42,875 and females $31,416. The per capita income was $27,914. About 5.7% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

In 2000, 52.46% of residents spoke Spanish at home, while those who spoke only English comprised 40.38%. Speakers of Portuguese were 1.49% of the population, French 1.12%, and French Creole 0.95%.

Transportation
Kendall is served by Metrobus throughout the area, and by the Metrorail at: Both stations provide metro service from Dadeland to nearby commercial centers like the city of Coral Gables, Downtown Miami, and Miami International Airport. Dadeland South station is a major transit depot in the area, connecting the southernmost cities of Homestead and Florida City to Metrorail via limited-stop bus rapid transit along the South Miami-Dade Busway.
 * Dadeland North (SW 70th Avenue and U.S. 1)
 * Dadeland South (Dadeland Boulevard and U.S. 1)

Economy
Pollo Tropical has its headquarters in Dadeland, Kendall. The headquarters moved to Dadeland in 1994.

Kendall is the site of Dadeland Mall, an upscale indoor shopping mall in East Kendall with Macy's, Saks Fifth Avenue and JCPenney as anchor stores. In South Kendall, directly south of Dadeland Mall on US-1 is The Falls (mall), an open-air shopping mall with Macy's as anchor store as well as a Regal Cinema.

Prior to its dissolution, Air Florida was headquartered in the Dade Towers in what is now the Kendall CDP.

Government and infrastructure
The Miami-Dade Police Department operates the Kendall District Station in the CDP.

Notable people

 * Hank Kaplan, boxing historian
 * Janet Reno, 78th U.S. Attorney General
 * O. J. Simpson, American football player

Public schools
The first public school in Kendall was Kendall School, now renamed Kenwood K-8 Center. Kenwood is the site of the Kenwoods Hammock, a native forest planting which has become a world-renowned stop for bird watchers.

Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Kendall.

Kindergarten - 12th grade

 * Instructional Center System Wide
 * Ruth Owen Kruse Education Center

High schools

 * Miami Killian High School is in the CDP.
 * Miami Palmetto High School in Pinecrest serves a portion of the CDP.
 * School for Advanced Studies (Kendall campus)
 * Miami Sunset Senior High School
 * Felix Varela Senior High School

Middle schools

 * Archimedean Middle Conservatory (charter)
 * Miami MacArthur South
 * Pinecrest Academy (North Campus) (charter)
 * Hammocks Middle School
 * Howard D. McMillan Middle School
 * Arvida Middle School
 * Miami Arts studio

Elementary schools

 * Academir Charter School West
 * Archimedean Academy (charter)
 * Bowman Foster Ashe Elementary School
 * Calusa Elementary School
 * Christina M. Eve Elementary School
 * Claude Pepper Elementary School
 * Dante B. Fascell Elementary School
 * Devon Aire K–8 Center
 * Dr. Manuel C. Barreiro Elementary School
 * Gilbert Porter Elementary School
 * Jane S. Roberts K–8 School
 * Kendale Elementary
 * Kendale Lakes Elementary
 * Kenwood Elementary
 * Leewood Elementary School
 * Oliver Hoover Elementary School
 * Santa Fe Advantage Academy (charter)
 * Sunset Park Elementary School
 * Vineland K–8 Center
 * Winston Park K–8 Center
 * William H. Lehman Elementary

Private schools

 * Atlantis Academy (K–12)
 * Calusa Preparatory School
 * Cattoira Montessori School (PK–5)
 * Children's Resources (PK–2)
 * Florida Christian School
 * Gateway Christian School
 * Greenfield Day School (K–8)
 * Islamic School of Miami
 * Kendall Christian School (PK–5)
 * Killian Oaks Academy
 * La Scuola (PK–3)
 * Learning Links Schoolhouse (K–5)
 * St. Catherine of Siena Catholic School (of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami)
 * St. John Neuman School (PK–8) - Established in 1981.
 * Westminster Christian School
 * Westwood Christian School

Colleges and universities

 * College of Business and Technology (Kendall Campus)
 * Kaplan University (Support Center)
 * Keiser University (Kendall Campus)
 * Miami-Dade College (Kendall Campus)
 * Nova Southeastern University (Miami Student Educational Center)
 * Polleo Institute (Tertiary education)

Supplementary schools
Miami Hoshuko, a weekend school for Japanese citizens, previously held classes at the Kendall United Methodist Church, now in Pinecrest but formerly in the Kendall CDP as of 1990.

Media
Kendall is served by the Miami market for local radio and television. Kendall has its own newspaper, The Kendall Gazette, which is published twice monthly and is part of Miami Community Newspapers.

title: Kendall, Florida


text:
Kendall West, Florida

Kendall West is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Miami-Dade County, Florida, west of the Florida Turnpike. It is located in the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 36,536 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Kendall West is located 17 mi west-southwest of downtown Miami at 25.70556°N, -80.44056°W (25.705499, -80.440526). It is bordered to the east by Kendale Lakes, to the south by The Hammocks, and to the west and north by farmland or undeveloped land.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the census area has a total area of 3.01 sqmi, of which 2.75 sqmi are land and 0.26 sqmi, or 8.57%, are water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 36,536 people, 11,474 households, and 9,438 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 36,154 people, 11,036 households, and 8,840 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 38,034 people, 11,759 households, and 9,807 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 11,218.6 PD/sqmi. There were 12,229 housing units at an average density of 3,607.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 83.37% White (15.3% were Non-Hispanic White), 4.23% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.48% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 6.44% from other races, and 4.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 79.03% of the population.

As of 2000, there were 11,759 households, out of which 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.6% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.47.

In 2000, in the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the community was $38,715, and the median income for a family was $39,564. Males had a median income of $30,082 versus $23,695 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,806. About 13.3% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 84.44% of residents, while English made up 13.48%, and both French Creole and Portuguese were the mother tongue for 0.47% of the population.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates public schools.
 * Bowman Ashe/Doolin K-8 Academy
 * Jane S. Roberts K-8 Center
 * Dante B. Fascell Elementary School

Charter schools:
 * Pinecrest Academy (South Campus)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kendall West, Florida


text:
Key Biscayne, Florida

Key Biscayne is an island village in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The village is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 14,809 at the 2020 census, up from 12,344 in 2010.

Geography
Key Biscayne lies south of Miami Beach and east of Miami. The village is connected to Miami via the Rickenbacker Causeway, originally built in 1947. Because of its low elevation and direct exposure to the Atlantic Ocean, it is usually among the first Miami areas to be evacuated before an oncoming hurricane.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has an area of 1.7 sqmi, of which 1.2 sqmi is land and 0.5 sqmi (27.0%) is water. The village is bordered on the north by Crandon Park, a Miami-Dade County park; on the south by Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean; and on the west by Biscayne Bay.

Rickenbacker Causeway
While there had been earlier plans to develop a town on Key Biscayne, the opening of the 4 mi Rickenbacker Causeway from Miami to Virginia Key and on to Key Biscayne in 1947 opened the island up to large-scale residential development. The northern two-thirds of the island had operated as the largest coconut plantation in the continental United States during the first half of the 20th century.

In 1940, the Matheson family donated over 800 acre of their land to Dade County for a public park, which became Crandon Park, in exchange for a commitment from the county that it would build a causeway to the island. The remaining Matheson property, stretching across the middle of the island, was sold to developers. Beginning in 1951, the Mackle Construction Company offered new homes on the island for $9,540, with $500 down. A U.S. Post Office branch opened in Key Biscayne, the Community Church started holding services in an old coconut-husking shed, and Key Biscayne Elementary School opened in 1952.

The island's southern third, which included Cape Florida, was owned by James Deering, and, after his death, by his brother Charles, for 35 years. In 1948, José Manuel Áleman, a Cuban politician in exile, bought the Cape Florida property from the Deering estate. After Áleman died in 1951, his widow, Elena Santeiro Garcia, added to the property, purchasing an ocean-to-bay strip that had been part of the Matheson property. This strip included a canal William Matheson dug in the 1920s that extended from the bay across most of the island. The land north of the canal was developed as part of what is now the Village of Key Biscayne. In 1966, Garcia sold the Cape Florida property to the state of Florida, and the property became Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, which opened January 1, 1967.

Richard Nixon compound
In 1969, U.S. President Richard Nixon purchased the first of his three waterfront homes, forming a compound known as the Florida White House, to be near his close friend and confidant Bebe Rebozo, owner of Key Biscayne Bank, and industrialist Robert Abplanalp, inventor of the modern spray can valve. Rebozo was indicted for laundering a $100,000 donation from Howard Hughes to Nixon's election campaign. Presidents Kennedy and Nixon met for the first time after Nixon's 1960 presidential campaign defeat in an oceanfront villa at the old Key Biscayne Hotel.

Plans for the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate complex were discussed at Nixon's Key Biscayne compound and, as the Watergate scandal unfolded, Nixon retreated into seclusion there with greater regularity. Between 1969 and 1973, he visited Key Biscayne over 50 times. The U.S. Department of Defense spent $400,000 constructing a helicopter landing pad in Biscayne Bay adjacent to his compound; when Nixon later sold the property, including the helicopter pad, there were public accusations that he had enriched himself at taxpayer expense.

Incorporation
The area was incorporated as a new municipality in 1991, making it the first new city in Miami-Dade County in over 50 years. Rafael Conte was elected the first mayor, along with the members of the founding village council: Clifford Brody, Mortimer Fried, Michael Hill, Bautista Tedin, Lucas Keller, Luis Lauredo, Joe Rasco, and Raymond Sullivan. The municipality's first manager was C. Samuel Kissinger and the first clerk was Guido Inguanzo. The village's incorporation, overseen by Alfred Brewer, provided local control over taxes and future development.

Key Biscayne is a small, intimate community. Most families that live there have known each other for generations. Children who grew up on the island are sometimes referred to as "Key Rats".

Hurricane Andrew
In 1992, Hurricane Andrew flooded some homes and businesses on Key Biscayne, impacting insurance. The eye wall passed over uninhabited Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, which received the brunt of the storm. The damage was a blessing for the park because it destroyed all the non-native vegetation the state had been trying to eradicate. Federal and state funding allowed the replanting with native vegetation, making the park a showplace natural area. The town is in Evacuation Zone A.

In 2017, a study found that the town could be partly flooded at high tides by 2045 after sea-level rise. Property values fell.

In November 2020, the town voted to approve a $100 million bond to protect itself.

The village has its own fire, police and public elementary and middle school. The millage tax rate remains one of the lowest of any municipality in Miami-Dade County. In 2004, the village completed the construction of a civic center, including fire, police and administration buildings and a recreation and community center with indoor multi-use courts, an outdoor swimming pool, and a musical theater program.

Climate
Key Biscayne has a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Key Biscayne experiences hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The island is in USDA plant zone 11a. Due to its island location, Key Biscayne is subject to cooler highs than Miami year-round. Hurricanes threaten the island occasionally, though landfalls are rare. Precipitation is lower than that of Miami, as the Atlantic Ocean inhibits summer thunderstorm convection.

2020 census
As of the 2020 U.S. census, there were 14,809 people, 4,058 households, and 3,174 families residing in the village.

2010 census
As of the 2010 U.S. census, there were 12,344 people, 4,256 households, and 2,976 families residing in the village.

2000 census
In 2000, 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.99.

In 2000, 24.2% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the village was $86,599, and the median income for a family was $107,610. Males had a median income of $86,322 versus $46,765 for females. The per capita income for the village was $54,213.

, 59.73% of residents spoke Spanish at home, while 30.84% spoke only English. Speakers of Portuguese were 2.83%, French 2.67%, Italian 1.67%, and German 1.47% of the population.

Media
The Islander News is a weekly community newspaper serving Key Biscayne. The estimated circulation in 2020 was 3,600.

Key Biscayne Magazine is a lifestyle magazine published in Miami by TAG Media, publishers of Brickell Magazine. The circulation of the magazine was about 10,000 in 2020.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Key Biscayne. The Key Biscayne K–8 Center serves Key Biscayne. Middle school students may attend Ponce de Leon Middle School in Coral Gables instead of the Key Biscayne School. High school students are zoned to Coral Gables Senior High School.

MAST Academy, a magnet school on Virginia Key, has since 2012 given eligible Key Biscayne residents priority in filling 1,100 seats in the school's Cambridge program.

The Miami-Dade Public Library System operates the 6000 sqft Key Biscayne Branch Library. It opened in January 1985.

St. Agnes Academy is a Catholic private school at 122 Harbor Drive, of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami. It serves pre-K–8th grade.

Notable people

 * Jaime Bayly, writer
 * Jay Berger, former tennis player
 * Raul Boesel, race car driver
 * Cher, actress and singer
 * Soman Chainani, writer
 * Gaetano Ciancio, transplant surgeon
 * Isabel Pérez Farfante, carcinologist
 * Mary Joe Fernández, former professional tennis player
 * Timothy Ferris, author
 * Emerson Fittipaldi, race car driver
 * Fonseca, Colombian singer
 * Andy García, actor
 * Arthur Hanlon, pianist
 * Juanes, Colombian singer
 * Luis J. Lauredo, former U.S. Ambassador to the Organization of American States
 * Martin Margulies, billionaire art collector and fixture of Miami's high society
 * Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian race car driver
 * Richard Nixon, U.S. president; see Nixon's Florida White House
 * Brad Pitt, actor
 * Bebe Rebozo, banker and confidante of Richard Nixon
 * Eddie Rickenbacker, fighter pilot for whom Rickenbacker Causeway is named

Hotels and condominiums controversy
As noted above, the construction of several condominium complexes in Key Biscayne caused the population to soar. In 2007, voters approved an amendment to the village charter requiring that future land use changes be approved by voters. In 2008, the village council, saying that requiring community voting on zoning changes infringed on its responsibility, submitted another proposal to revise the charter. But on November 4, 2008, voters overwhelmingly rejected the council's proposed change, defeating the amendment by a more than two-to-one margin.

Other information
Key Biscayne hosts the Tennis Center at Crandon Park, former home to the Miami Open Tennis Tournament, and a golf course, along with many amenities for water sports and fishing.

Key Biscayne has a visitors center, open 24/7, 365 days a year, in the Village Hall, 88 West McIntyre Street #100, next to the police station. Staffed M–F from 9am to 5pm

title: Key Biscayne, Florida


text:
Lake Lucerne, Florida

Lake Lucerne is a neighborhood in Miami Gardens, Florida. It is formerly a census-designated place. The population was 9,132 at the time of the 2000 United States census.

Geography
Lake Lucerne is located at 25.96556°N, -80.25389°W (25.965420, -80.253858).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.8 km2. 6.8 km2 of it is land and 0.38% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,132 people, 2,631 households, and 2,117 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,350.9 /km2. There were 2,835 housing units at an average density of 419.4 /km2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 11.09% White (1.5% were Non-Hispanic White,) 83.75% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.54% from other races, and 2.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.82% of the population.

There were 2,631 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 33.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 15.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.47 and the average family size was 3.83.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 33.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,166, and the median income for a family was $37,027. Males had a median income of $25,281 versus $22,031 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,482. About 15.8% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, before being annexed to Miami Gardens, English as a first language accounted for 82.27% of all residents, while Spanish accounted for 14.16%, French Creole was at 2.55%, and French as a mother tongue made up 1.00% of the population.

Education
The Miami-Dade County Public Schools operate area public schools. Those in the former CDP include:
 * North County K-8 Center
 * Robert Renick Education Center (alternative)

Religion
Antioch Mission Baptist Church of Miami Gardens is in the former CDP.

Recreation
Calder Casino is in the former Lake Lucerne CDP.

title: Lake Lucerne, Florida


text:
Lakes by the Bay, Florida

Lakes by the Bay is a neighborhood and former census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The population was 9,055 at the 2000 census. In 2005, the area of the CDP was included in the town of Cutler Bay.

Geography
Lakes by the Bay is located at 25.57167°N, -80.33167°W (25.571584, -80.331800).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 4.9 sqmi, of which, 4.8 sqmi was land and 0.1 sqmi of it (2.02%) water.

History
In August 1992, Lakes by the Bay and the surrounding South Miami-Dade area were severely damaged by Hurricane Andrew. Most of the homes and businesses in the neighborhood were destroyed. In the subsequent years, the area was slowly rebuilt. Unlike the destroyed homes which were made of wood frame construction, the new homes and construction were rebuilt with concrete walls. Although many areas of Miami were heavily affected by Hurricane Andrew, Lakes by the Bay was one of the worst affected and remains a reminder of the hurricane's extensive disaster in the city today.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,055 people, 3,271 households, and 2,319 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,866.2 PD/sqmi. There were 3,417 housing units at an average density of 704.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 72.92% White (of which 36.7% were Non-Hispanic White,) 15.36% African American, 0.18% Native American, 2.78% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 4.69% from other races, and 3.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43.83% of the population.

There were 3,271 households, out of which 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 35.7% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,236, and the median income for a family was $53,616. Males had a median income of $37,129 versus $30,049 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,708. About 7.8% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 26.2% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 52.57% of residents, while Spanish made up 44.50%, Arabic was at 1.90%, French was at 0.57%, and French Creole was 0.44% of the population.

title: Lakes by the Bay, Florida


text:
Leisure City, Florida

Leisure City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, that includes the smaller, older community of Modello in its northwestern section. The CDP is most notable for the Coral Castle Museum, located in the Modello area. It is located in the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 26,324 at the 2020 census, up from 22,655 in 2010.

Geography
Leisure City is located 27 mi southwest of Miami at 25.49417°N, -80.43611°W (25.494037, -80.436229). It is bordered to the south and east by the city of Homestead and to the north by unincorporated Naranja. Unincorporated Redland is to the northwest.

U.S. Route 1 runs along the northwest edge of the community, leading south into Homestead and northeast to Miami. The Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike runs along the Homestead city line at the southeast edge of the community, with access from Exit 2 (SW 157th Avenue) just south of Leisure City and from Exit 5 (SW 288th Street) at the community's eastern edge.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.33 sqmi, of which 3.26 sqmi are land and 0.07 sqmi, or 2.01%, are water.

Climate
The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Aw" (Tropical Savanna Climate).

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 26,324 people, 7,028 households, and 6,006 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 22,655 people, 6,134 households, and 4,811 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 22,152 people, 6,063 households and 5,044 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,490.0 PD/sqmi. There were 6,615 housing units at an average density of 1,938.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.03% White (15.2% were Non-Hispanic White), 18.00% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.84% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 11.42% from other races, and 4.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 65.30% of the population.

As of 2000, there were 6,063 households, of which 50.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 21.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.8% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.65 and the average family size was 3.94.

In 2000, 36.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

In 2000, the median household income was $29,091 and the median family income was $29,277. Males had a median income of $22,320 and females $18,619. The per capita income was $9,966. About 22.4% of families and 25.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.3% of those under age 18 and 18.3% of those age 65 or over.

In 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 64.83% of residents, while English made up 31.02%, French Creole was at 4.01%, and Tagalog was the mother tongue of 0.12% of the population.

Education
Leisure City is a part of the Miami-Dade County Public Schools system and has three schools: Leisure City K-8, Homestead High School and South Dade High School.

title: Leisure City, Florida


text:
Medley, Florida

Medley is a town in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The town is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 US census, the population was at 1,056 residents.

History
The community was named after its founder, Sylvester Medley. The Town of Medley was incorporated on May 1, 1949, but Sylvester settled the current town in 1905, and farmed there until his death in 1950. Located in the western part of the county, its primary tax base is industrial development, explaining its small population and high density. The town is home to a Rinker plant, one of its largest businesses. It is also home to the Titan America Pennsuco Cement Plant.

Geography
The approximate coordinates for the Town of Medley is located 12 mi northwest of downtown Miami at 25.85833°N, -80.33917°W (25.858307, –80.339141).

It is bordered to the north by Hialeah Gardens and to the east by Hialeah. Doral is to the south. The Miami Canal forms the border between Medley and the cities of Hialeah Gardens and Hialeah.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 6.0 sqmi. 5.1 sqmi of it are land and 0.9 sqmi of it (14.95%) are water.

Surrounding areas

 * Hialeah Gardens, Hialeah
 * Unincorporated Miami-Dade County [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] Hialeah Gardens, Hialeah
 * Unincorporated Miami-Dade County [[Image:Left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Right.svg|20px]] Hialeah Gardens, Hialeah
 * Unincorporated Miami-Dade County [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] Miami Springs
 * Doral

Climate
The Town of Medley has a tropical climate, similar to the climate found in much of the Caribbean. It is part of the only region in the 48 contiguous states that falls under that category. More specifically, it generally has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification: Aw), bordering a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification: Am).

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,056 people, 410 households, and 255 families residing in the town.

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 838 people, 287 households, and 227 families residing in the town.

2000 census
In 2000, 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.15.

In 2000, the town population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the town was $23,167, and the median income for a family was $25,909. Males had a median income of $26,964 versus $18,409 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,955. About 14.3% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 33.5% of those age 65 or over. New households (condominiums) are being constructed along the Miami River in order to raise house quality.

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 83.65%, and English as a mother tongue made up 16.35% of the population.

Education
Medley is in the Miami-Dade County Public Schools system. Residents are zoned to Ronald W. Reagan/Doral Senior High School.

title: Medley, Florida


text:
Miami Beach, Florida

Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The municipality is located on natural and human-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 mi2 of Miami Beach, along with Downtown Miami and the PortMiami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. Miami Beach's population is 82,890 according to the 2020 census. It has been one of America's preeminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.

In 1979, Miami Beach's Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels, apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943. Mediterranean, Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District.

The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East, Lenox Court on the West, 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North. The movement to preserve the Art Deco District's architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Baer Capitman, who now has a street in the District named in her honor.

History
In 1870, father and son Henry and Charles Lum purchased land on Miami Beach for 75 cents an acre. The first structure to be built on this uninhabited oceanfront was the Biscayne House of Refuge, constructed in 1876 by the United States Life-Saving Service through an executive order issued by President Ulysses S. Grant, at approximately 72nd Street. Its purpose was to provide food, water, and a return to civilization for people who were shipwrecked. The structure, which had fallen into disuse by the time the Life-Saving Service became the U.S. Coast Guard in 1915, was destroyed in the 1926 Miami Hurricane and never rebuilt.

Miami Beach then initiated the planting of a coconut plantation along its shore in the 1880s, led by New Jersey entrepreneurs Ezra Osborn and Elnathan T. Field, but the venture failed. One of the investors in the project was agriculturist John S. Collins, who achieved success by buying out other partners and planting different crops, notably avocados, on the land that would later become Miami Beach. In fact, the pine trees on today's Pinetree Drive served as an erosion buffer for Collins' plantations. Meanwhile, across Biscayne Bay, the City of Miami was established in 1896 with the arrival of the railroad and developed further as a port when the shipping channel of Government Cut was created in 1905, cutting off Fisher Island from the south end of the Miami Beach peninsula.

Collins' family members saw the potential in developing the beach as a resort. This effort got underway in the early years of the 20th century by the Collins/Pancoast family, the Lummus brothers, both bankers from Miami, and Indianapolis entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher. Until then, the beach here was only the destination for day-trips by ferry from Miami, across the bay. By 1912, Collins and Pancoast were working together to clear the land, plant crops, supervise the construction of canals to get their avocado crop to market and set up the Miami Beach Improvement Company. There were bathhouses and food stands, but no hotel until Brown's Hotel was built in 1915 (still standing, at 112 Ocean Drive). Much of the interior landmass at that time was a tangled jungle of mangroves. Clearing it, deepening the channels and water bodies, and eliminating native growth almost everywhere in favor of landfill for development, was expensive. Once a 1600-acre, jungle-matted sand bar three miles out in the Atlantic, it grew to 2,800 acres when dredging and filling operations were completed.

With loans from the Lummus brothers, Collins had begun work on a 2½-mile-long wooden bridge, the world's longest wooden bridge at the time, to connect the island to the mainland. When funds ran dry and construction work stalled, Indianapolis millionaire and recent Miami transplant Fisher intervened, providing the financing needed to complete the Collins Bridge the following year in return for a land swap deal. That transaction kicked off the island's first real estate boom. The Collins Bridge cost over $150,000 and opened on June 12, 1913. Fisher helped by organizing an annual speed boat regatta, and by promoting Miami Beach as an Atlantic City-style playground and winter retreat for the wealthy. By 1915, Lummus, Collins, Pancoast, and Fisher were all living in mansions on the island, three hotels and two bathhouses had been erected, an aquarium built, and an 18-hole golf course landscaped.

The Town of Miami Beach was chartered on March 26, 1915; it grew to become a City in 1917. Even after the town was incorporated in 1915 under the name of Miami Beach, many visitors thought of the beach strip as Alton Beach, indicating just how well Fisher had advertised his interests there. The Lummus property was called Ocean Beach, with only the Collins interests previously referred to as Miami Beach. In 1925, the Collins Bridge was replaced by the Venetian Causeway, described as "a series of drawbridges and renamed the Venetian Causeway".

Carl Fisher was the main promoter of Miami Beach's development in the 1920s as the site for wealthy industrialists from the north and Midwest to and build their winter homes here. Many other Northerners were targeted to vacation on the island. To accommodate the wealthy tourists, several grand hotels were built, among them: The Flamingo Hotel, The Fleetwood Hotel, The Floridian, The Nautilus, and the Roney Plaza Hotel. In the 1920s, Fisher and others created much of Miami Beach as landfill by dredging Biscayne Bay; this human-made territory includes Star, Palm, and Hibiscus Islands, the Sunset Islands, much of Normandy Isle, and all of the Venetian Islands except Belle Isle. The Miami Beach peninsula became an island in April 1925 when Haulover Cut was opened, connecting the ocean to the bay, north of present-day Bal Harbour. The great 1926 Miami hurricane put an end to this prosperous era of the Florida Boom, but in the 1930s Miami Beach still attracted tourists, and investors constructed the mostly small-scale, stucco hotels and rooming houses, for seasonal rental, that comprise much of the present "Art Deco" historic district.

Carl Fisher brought Steve Hannagan to Miami Beach in 1925 as his chief publicist. Hannagan set-up the Miami Beach News Bureau and notified news editors that they could "Print anything you want about Miami Beach; just make sure you get our name right." The News Bureau sent thousands of pictures of bathing beauties and press releases to columnists like Walter Winchell and Ed Sullivan. One of Hannagan's favorite venues was a billboard in Times Square, New York City, where he ran two taglines: "'It's always June in Miami Beach' and 'Miami Beach, Where Summer Spends the Winter.'"

Anti-semitism was rampant in the 1920s and into the 30s. Developer Carl Fisher would sell property only to gentiles so Jews were required to live south of Fifth Street. As recently as the 1930s, hotels refused to accept Jews. As the 1930s developed, the "dismantling on Miami Beach of restrictive barriers to Jewish ownership of real estate" was underway; many Jews bought properties from others.

By the 1940s and 50s, an increasing number of Jewish families built hotels. The first "skyscraper" was the 18-story Lord Tarleton Hotel built in 1940 by Samuel Jacobs. The Jewish mobster Meyer Lansky, who ran some "carpet joints" (gambling operations) in Florida by 1936, and eventually controlled casinos in Cuba and Las Vegas, retired in Miami and died in Miami Beach.

During World War II, Jewish doctors were not granted staff privileges at any area hospitals so the community built Mount Sinai Medical Center on Miami Beach. The North Shore Jewish Center was built in 1951 and became Temple Menorah after an expansion in 1963.

Post–World War II economic expansion brought a wave of immigrants to South Florida from the Northern United States, which significantly increased the population in Miami Beach within a few decades. After Fidel Castro's rise to power in 1959, a wave of Cuban refugees entered South Florida and dramatically changed the demographic make-up of the area. In 2017, one study named zip code 33109 (Fisher Island, a 216-acre island located just south of Miami Beach), as having the 4th most expensive home sales and the highest average annual income ($2.5 million) in 2015.

The sun and warm climate attracted many Jewish families and retirees. One estimate states that "20,000 elderly Jews" were part of the population of the beach in the late 1970s". In a 2017 interview, a demographer from the University of Miami estimated that there "might have been as many as 70,000 Jews in Miami Beach at one point" declining to "around 19,000 in 2014". The decline was motivated partly by "increasing prices during the art deco movement and an increase in crime and changing cultural demographics".

In 1980 however, 62 percent of the population of Miami Beach was still Jewish. During the 1980s many of the Jewish citizens left and moved to "Delray Beach, Lake Worth and Boca Raton". During the 1990s, South Beach transformed into a home of the fashion industry and celebrities. In 1999, there were only 10,000 Jewish people living in Miami Beach.

Timeline
Timeline of Miami Beach, Florida
 * 1896 – City of Miami founded with the recent arrival extension Henry Flagler's FEC railroad.
 * 1905 – Government Cut manmade shipping channel created separating Miami Beach and Fisher Island.
 * 1912 – Miami Beach Improvement Company founded.
 * 1913 – Collins Bridge (now Venetian Causeway), first bridge between Miami and Miami Beach, built.
 * 1915
 * Miami Beach incorporated.
 * John Newton Lummus becomes first mayor of Miami Beach.
 * Brown's Hotel first hotel built in Miami Beach, still standing today at 112 Ocean Drive.
 * 1920
 * Population: 644.
 * County Causeway (now MacArthur Causeway) connecting Miami and Miami Beach opens.
 * 1925
 * Venetian Causeway opens.
 * Miami Beach becomes an island when the Haulover cut opens in April connecting the ocean to the bay just north of Bal Harbour, Florida
 * 1926
 * Miami Beach sustains significant damage from 1926 Miami hurricane
 * 1928
 * Al Capone buys property in Miami Beach.
 * 1928 – 79th Street Causeway built to connect Miami Beach to Hialeah Park Race Track.
 * 1930 – Population: 6,494.
 * 1935 – Many of the famous Art Deco hotels along current day Ocean Drive are built between 1935 and 1941 before the onset of WWII ends construction. Colony (1935), Savoy Plaza (1935), The Tides (1936), Surf Hotel (1936), Beacon (1936), Cavalier (1936), Leslie (1937), Park Central (1937), Barbizon (1937), Waldorf Towers (1937), Victor (1937), Clevelander (1938), Crescent (1938), Carlyle (1939), Cardozo (1939), Winterhaven (1939), Bentley (1939), Breakwater (1939), Imperial (1939), Majestic (1940), Avalon (1941), Betsy Ross Hotel (1941), St. Charles (1941), Clyde Hotel (1941).
 * 1937 – WKAT radio begins broadcasting.
 * 1940 – Population: 28,012.
 * 1954 – Fontainebleau Hotel in business.
 * 1958 – Miami Beach Convention Center opens.
 * 1959 – Miami International Airport dedicated near Miami Beach.
 * 1960 – Population: 63,145.
 * 1961 – The Julia Tuttle Causeway between Miami and Miami Beach opens.
 * 1968 – August: 1968 Republican National Convention held in Miami Beach.
 * 1971 – Annual South Florida Auto Show begins.
 * 1972 – July: 1972 Democratic National Convention held in Miami Beach.
 * 1972 – August: 1972 Republican National Convention held in Miami Beach.
 * 1973 – February: A mentally ill man firebombs a crowded cafeteria on Collins Avenue, killing three people and injuring about 130.
 * 1977 – September: 35th World Science Fiction Convention held in Miami Beach.
 * 1979 – Much of Miami South Beach area becomes a historic preservation zone.
 * 1984 – Popular NBC TV show Miami Vice filmed in many locations in Miami and Miami Beach for five seasons between 1984 and 1989.
 * 1997 – July 15: Fashion designer Gianni Versace killed at Casa Casuarina.
 * 2000 – Blue and Green Diamond hi-rises built.
 * 2001 – Murano at Portofino hi-rise built.
 * 2002
 * Annual international Art Basel Miami Beach (art fair) begins.
 * Continuum hi-rise built
 * 2004 – Setai Hotel and ICON hi-rise built.
 * 2007 – Matti Herrera Bower becomes mayor.
 * 2010 – Population: 87,779.
 * 2011 – November 1: Miami Beach mayoral election, 2011 held; Bower stays in office.
 * 2013 – Philip Levine becomes mayor.
 * 2015 – November 3: Miami Beach mayoral election, 2015 held; Levine stays in office.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 48.5 km2, of which 18.2 km2 is land and 30.2 km2 (62.37%) is water.

Elevation and tidal flooding
Miami Beach encounters tidal flooding of certain roads during the annual king tides, though some tidal flooding has been the case for decades, as the parts of the western side of South Beach are at virtually 0 ft above normal high tide, with the entire city averaging only 4.4 ft above mean sea level (AMSL). However, a recent study by the University of Miami showed that tidal flooding became much more common from the mid-2000s. The fall 2015 king tides exceeded expectations in longevity and height. Traditional sea level rise and storm mitigation measures including sea walls and dykes, such as those in the Netherlands and New Orleans, may not work in South Florida due to the porous nature of the ground and limestone beneath the surface.

In addition to present difficulty with below-grade development, some areas of southern Florida, especially Miami Beach, are beginning to engineer specifically for sea level rise and other potential effects of climate change. This includes a five-year, US$500 million project for the installation of 60 to 80 pumps, building of taller sea walls, planting of red mangrove trees along the sea walls, and the physical raising of road tarmac levels, as well as possible zoning and building code changes, which could eventually lead to retrofitting of existing and historic properties. Some streets and sidewalks were raised about 2.5 ft over previous levels; the four initial pumps installed in 2014 are capable of pumping 4,000 US gallons per minute. However, this plan is not without criticism. Some residents worry that the efforts will not be sufficient to successfully adapt to rising sea levels and wish the city had pursued a more aggressive plan.

On the other hand, some worry that the city is moving too quickly with untested solutions. Others yet have voiced concerns that the plan protects big-money interests in Miami Beach. Pump failures such as during construction or power outages, including a Tropical Storm Emily-related rain flood on August 1, 2017, can cause great unexpected flooding. Combined with the higher roads and sidewalks, this leaves unchanged properties relatively lower and prone to inundation.

South Beach

 * Belle Isle
 * City Center
 * Di Lido Island
 * Flagler Monument Island
 * Flamingo/Lummus
 * Hibiscus Island
 * Palm Island
 * Rivo Alto Island
 * San Marino Island
 * Star Island
 * South of Fifth

Mid-Beach

 * Oceanfront
 * Bayshore
 * Nautilus

North Beach

 * Biscayne Point
 * Isle of Normandy
 * La Gorce
 * North Shore

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Miami Beach has a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Like much of Florida, there is a marked wet and dry season in Miami Beach. Rainfall amounts to about 1,700 millimeters (67 inches) per year. The tropical rainy season runs from May through October, when showers and late day thunderstorms are common. The dry season is from November through April, when few showers, sunshine, and low humidity prevail. The island location of Miami Beach, however, creates fewer convective thunderstorms, so Miami Beach receives less rainfall in a given year than neighboring areas such as Miami and Fort Lauderdale. Proximity to the moderating influence of the Atlantic gives Miami Beach lower high temperatures and higher lows than inland areas of Florida. Miami Beach is in hardiness zone 11a, with an annual mean minimum temperature of 43 F. Miami Beach has never reported temperatures below 0 C.

Miami Beach's location on the Atlantic Ocean, near its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico, make it extraordinarily vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms. Miami has experienced several direct hits from major hurricanes in recorded weather history – the 1906 Florida Keys hurricane, 1926 Miami hurricane, 1935 Yankee hurricane, 1941 Florida hurricane, 1948 Miami Hurricane, 1950 Hurricane King and 1964 Hurricane Cleo, the area has seen indirect contact from hurricanes: 1945 Homestead Hurricane, Betsy (1965), Inez (1966), Andrew (1992), Irene (1999), Michelle (2001), Katrina (2005), Wilma (2005), and Irma (2017).

Demographics
, those of Hispanic or Latino ancestry accounted for 53.0% of Miami Beach's population. Out of the 53.0%, 20.0% were Cuban, 4.9% Colombian, 4.6% Argentine, 3.7% Puerto Rican, 2.4% Peruvian, 2.1% Venezuelan, 1.8% Mexican, 1.7% Honduran, 1.6% Guatemalan, 1.4% Dominican, 1.1% Uruguayan, 1.1% Spaniard, 1.0% Nicaraguan, 0.9% Ecuadorian and 0.8% were Chilean.

, those of African ancestry accounted for 4.4% of Miami Beach's population, which includes African Americans. Out of the 4.4%, 1.3% were Black Hispanics, 0.8% were Subsaharan African, and 0.8% were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American (0.3% Jamaican, 0.3% Haitian, 0.1% Other or Unspecified West Indian, 0.1% Trinidadian and Tobagonian.)

, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 40.5% of Miami Beach's population. Out of the 40.5%, 9.0% Italian, 6.0% German, 3.8% were Irish, 3.8% Russian, 3.7% French, 3.4% Polish, 3.0% English, 1.2% Hungarian, 0.7% Swedish, 0.6% Scottish, 0.5% Portuguese, 0.5% Dutch, 0.5% Scotch-Irish, and 0.5% were Norwegian.

, those of Asian ancestry accounted for 1.9% of Miami Beach's population. Out of the 1.9%, 0.6% were Indian, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Other Asian, 0.3% Chinese, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Korean, and 0.1% were Vietnamese.

In 2010, 2.8% of the population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity), and 1.5% were of Arab ancestry (with the majority of them being of Palestinian and Lebanese descent),.

, there were 67,499 households, while 30.1% were vacant. 13.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.3% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 61.1% were non-families. 49.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older (4.0% male and 8.0% female.) The average household size was 1.84 and the average family size was 2.70.

Tourism
The City of Miami Beach accounts for more than half of tourism to Miami Dade County. Of the 15.86 million people staying in the county in 2017, 58.5% lodged in Miami Beach. Resort taxes account for over 10% of the city's operating budget, providing $83 million in the fiscal year 2016–2017. On average, the city's resort tax revenue grows by three to five percent annually. Miami Beach hosts 13.3 million visitors each year. In fiscal year 2016/2017, Miami Beach had over 26,600 hotel rooms. Average occupancy in fiscal year 2015/2016 was 76.4% and 78.5% in fiscal year 2016/2017. Mayor Harold Rosen is credited with beginning the revitalization of Miami Beach when he notably abolished rent control in 1976, a move that was highly controversial at the time.

The Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority
The Miami Beach Visitor and Convention Authority is a seven-member board, appointed by the City of Miami Beach Commission. The authority, established in 1967 by the State of Florida legislature, is the official marketing and public relations organization for the city, to support its tourism industry.

Arts and culture
South Beach (also known as SoBe, or simply the Beach), the area from Biscayne Street (also known as South Pointe Drive) one block south of 1st Street to about 23rd Street, is one of the more popular areas of Miami Beach. Although topless sunbathing by women has not been officially legalized, female toplessness is tolerated on South Beach and in a few hotel pools on Miami Beach. Before the TV show Miami Vice helped make the area popular, SoBe was under urban blight, with vacant buildings and a high crime rate. Today, it is considered one of the richest commercial areas on the beach, yet poverty and crime still remain in some places near the area.

Miami Beach, particularly Ocean Drive of what is now the Art Deco District, was also featured prominently in the 1983 feature film Scarface and the 1996 comedy The Birdcage.

Lincoln Road, running east–west parallel between 16th and 17th Streets, is a nationally known spot for outdoor dining and shopping and features galleries of well known designers, artists and photographers such as Romero Britto, Peter Lik, and Jonathan Adler. In 2015, the Miami Beach residents passed a law forbidding bicycling, rollerblading, skateboarding and other motorized vehicles on Lincoln Road during busy pedestrian hours between 9:00 am and 2:00 am.

Points of interest

 * Bass Museum
 * Eden Roc Miami Beach Hotel
 * The Fillmore Miami Beach (originally the Miami Beach Municipal Auditorium)
 * Flagler Monument Island
 * Fontainebleau Hotel
 * Versace Mansion (Casa Casuarina)
 * Holocaust Memorial
 * Jewish Museum of Florida
 * Lincoln Road
 * Miami Beach Architectural District
 * Miami Beach Botanical Garden
 * North Beach
 * Ocean Drive
 * South Beach
 * South Pointe Park
 * Wolfsonian-FIU Museum
 * World Erotic Art Museum Miami
 * The Setai Hotel

Historic preservation
By the 1970s, jet travel had enabled vacationers from the northern parts of the US to travel to the Caribbean and other warm-weather climates in the winter. Miami Beach's economy suffered. Elderly retirees, many with little money, dominated the population of South Beach.

To help revive the area, city planners and developers sought to bulldoze many of the aging art deco buildings that were built in the 1930s. By one count, the city had over 800 art deco buildings within its borders.

In 1976, Barbara Baer Capitman and a group of fellow activists formed the Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL) to try to halt the destruction of the historic buildings in South Beach. After battling local developers and Washington DC bureaucrats, MDPL prevailed in its quest to have the Miami Beach Art Deco District named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. While the recognition did not offer protection for the buildings from demolition, it succeeded in drawing attention to the plight of the buildings.

Due in part to the newfound awareness of the art deco buildings, vacationers, tourists and TV, and movie crews were drawn to South Beach. Investors began to rehabilitate hotels, restaurants and apartment buildings in the area.

Despite the enthusiasm for the historic buildings by many, there were no real protections for historic buildings. As wrecking crews threatened buildings, MDPL members protested by holding marches and candlelight vigils. In one case, protestors stood in front of a hotel blocking bulldozers as they approached a hotel.

After many years of effort, the Miami Beach city commission created the first two historic preservation districts in 1986. The districts covered Espanola Way and most of Ocean Drive and Collins Avenue in South Beach. The designation of the districts helped protect buildings from demolition and created standards for renovation.

While some developers continued to focus on demolition, several investors like Tony Goldman and Ian Schrager bought art deco hotels and transformed them into world famous hot spots in the ‘80s and ‘90s. Among the celebrities that frequented Miami Beach were Madonna, Sylvester Stallone, Cher, Oprah Winfrey and Gianni Versace.

Additional historic districts were created in 1992. The new districts covered Lincoln Road, Collins Avenue between 16th and 22nd Streets and the area around the Bass Museum. In 2005, the city began the process of protecting the mid-century buildings on Collins Avenue between 43rd to 53rd Streets including the Fontainebleau and Eden Roc Hotels. Several North Beach neighborhoods were designated as historic in 2018. A large collection of MiMo (Miami Modern) buildings can be found in the area.

The arts
Jackie Gleason hosted his Jackie Gleason and His American Scene Magazine (September 29, 1962 – June 4, 1966) television show, after moving it from New York to Miami Beach in 1964, reportedly because he liked year-round access to the golf course at the nearby Inverrary Country Club in Lauderhill (where he built his final home). His closing line became, almost invariably, "As always, the Miami Beach audience is the greatest audience in the world!" In the Fall 1966 television season, he abandoned the American Scene Magazine format and converted the show into a standard variety hour with guest performers. The show was renamed The Jackie Gleason Show, lasting from September 17, 1966 – September 12, 1970. He started the 1966–1967 season with new, color episodes of The Honeymooners, with Sheila MacRae and Jane Kean as Alice Kramden and Trixie Norton, respectively. The regular cast included Art Carney as Ed Norton; Milton Berle was a frequent guest star. The show was shot in color on videotape at the Miami Beach Auditorium (later renamed the Jackie Gleason Theatre of the Performing Arts), now known as Fillmore Miami Beach, and Gleason never tired of promoting the "sun and fun capital of the world" on camera. CBS canceled the series in 1970.

Each December, the City of Miami Beach hosts Art Basel Miami Beach, one of the largest art shows in the United States. Art Basel Miami Beach, the sister event to the Art Basel event held each June in Basel, Switzerland, combines an international selection of top galleries with a program of special exhibitions, parties and crossover events featuring music, film, architecture, and design. Exhibition sites are located in the city's Art Deco District, and ancillary events are scattered throughout the greater Miami metropolitan area.

The first Art Basel Miami Beach was held in 2002. In 2016, about 77,000 people attended the fair. The 2017 show featured about 250 galleries at the Miami Beach Convention Center.

Miami Beach is home to the New World Symphony, established in 1987 under the artistic direction of Michael Tilson Thomas. In January 2011, the New World Symphony made a highly publicized move into the New World Center building designed by Canadian American Pritzker Prize-winning architect Frank Gehry. Gehry is famous for his design of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California. The new Gehry building offers Live Wallcasts™, which allow visitors to experience select events throughout the season at the half-acre, outdoor Miami Beach SoundScape through the use of visual and audio technology on a 7000 sqft projection wall.

Miami beach is also home to Miami New Drama, the resident theater company at the historic Colony Theatre on Lincoln Road. The regional theater company was founded in 2016 by Venezuelan playwright and director, Michel Hausmann, and playwright, director, and Medal of the Arts winner, Moises Kaufman. In October 2016, Miami New Drama took over operations of the Colony Theatre, and since then, the 417-seat Art Deco venue hosts Miami New Drama's theatrical season as well as other live events.

The Miami City Ballet, a ballet company founded in 1985, is housed in a 63,000 sqft building near Miami Beach's Bass Museum of Art.

The Miami Beach Festival of the Arts is an annual outdoor art festival that was begun in 1974.

Jewish community
Miami Beach is home to several Orthodox Jewish communities with a network of well-established synagogues and yeshivas, the first of which being the Landow Yeshiva, a Chabad institution in operation for over 30 years. There is also a liberal Jewish community containing such famous synagogues as Temple Emanu-El, Temple Beth Shalom and Cuban Hebrew Congregation. Miami Beach is also a magnet for Jewish families, retirees, and particularly snowbirds when the cold winter sets into the north. These visitors range from the Modern Orthodox to the Haredi and Hasidic – including many rebbes who vacation there during the North American winter. Till his death in 1991, the Nobel laureate writer Isaac Bashevis Singer lived in the northern end of Miami Beach and breakfasted often at Sheldon's drugstore on Harding Avenue.

There are many kosher restaurants and even kollels for post-graduate Talmudic scholars, such as the Miami Beach Community Kollel. Miami Beach had roughly 60,000 people in Jewish households (62 percent of the total population) in 1982, but only 16,500 (19 percent of the population) in 2004, according to Ira Sheskin, a demographer at the University of Miami who conducts surveys once a decade. The Miami Beach Jewish community had decreased in size by 1994 due to migration to wealthier areas and aging of the population.

Miami Beach is home to the Holocaust Memorial of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation.

LGBT community
Miami Beach has been regarded as a gay mecca for decades as well as being one of the most LGBT friendly cities in the United States. Miami Beach is home to numerous gay bars and gay-specific events, and five service and resource organizations. After decades of economic and social decline, an influx of gays and lesbians moving to South Beach in the late-1980s to mid-1990s contributed to Miami Beach's revitalization. The newcomers purchased and restored dilapidated Art Deco hotels and clubs, started numerous businesses and built political power in city and county government.

The passage of progressive civil rights laws, election of outspokenly pro-gay Miami Beach Mayor Matti Bower, and the introduction of Miami Beach's Gay Pride Celebration, have reinvigorated the local LGBT community in recent years, which some argued had experienced a decline in the late 2000s. In January 2010, Miami Beach passed a revised Human Rights Ordinance that strengthens enforcement of already existing human rights laws and adds protections for transgender people, making Miami Beach's human rights laws some of the most progressive in the state.

Miami Beach Pride has gained prominence since it first started in 2009, there has been an increase in attendance every year. In 2013 there were more than 80,000 people who participated to now more than 130,000 people that participate in the festivities every year. It has also attracted many celebrities such as Chaz Bono, Adam Lambert, Gloria Estefan, Mario Lopez, and Elvis Duran who were Grand Marshals for Pride Weekend from 2012 through 2016 respectively. There are over 125 businesses who are LGBT supportive that sponsor Miami Beach Pride.

Government
Miami Beach is governed by a ceremonial mayor and six commissioners. Although the mayor runs commission meetings, the mayor and all commissioners have equal voting power and are elected by popular election. The mayor serves for terms of two years with a term limit of three terms and commissioners serve for terms of four years and are limited to two terms. Commissioners are voted for citywide and every two years three commission seats are voted upon.

A city manager is responsible for administering governmental operations. An appointed city manager is responsible for administration of the city. The City Clerk and the City Attorney are also appointed officials.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Miami Beach.

 * North Beach Elementary
 * Treasure Island Elementary
 * South Pointe Elementary
 * Mater Beach Academy
 * Biscayne Elementary
 * Fienberg/Fisher K–8 Center
 * Nautilus Middle School
 * Miami Beach Senior High School

Private schools include Rabbi Alexander S. Gross Hebrew Academy, St. Patrick Catholic School, Landow Yeshiva – Lubavitch Educational Center (Klurman Mesivta High School for Boys and Beis Chana Middle and High School for Girls), and Mechina High School. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami operates St. Patrick Catholic School in Miami Beach. The archdiocese formerly operated Saint Joseph School in Miami Beach.

In the early history of Miami Beach, there was one elementary school and the Ida M. Fisher junior-senior high school. The building of Miami Beach High was constructed in 1926, and classes began in 1928.

Colleges and universities
The Florida International University School of Architecture has a sister campus at 420 Lincoln Road in South Beach, with classroom spaces for FIU architecture, art, music and theater graduate students.

Other Colleges include:
 * Johnson & Wales University (satellite campus closing at the end of the 2020–2021 school year.)

Transportation
Public Transportation in Miami Beach is operated by Miami-Dade Transit (MDT). Along with neighborhoods such as Downtown and Brickell, public transit is heavily used in Miami Beach and is a vital part of city life. Although Miami Beach has no direct Metrorail stations, numerous Metrobus lines connect to Downtown Miami and Metrorail (i.e., the 'S' bus line). The South Beach Local (SBL) is one of the most heavily used lines in Miami and connects all major points of South Beach to other major bus lines in the city. Metrobus ridership in Miami Beach is high, with some of the routes such as the L and S being the busiest Metrobus routes.

Bicycling
Since the late 20th century, cycling has grown in popularity in Miami Beach. Due to its dense, urban nature, and pedestrian-friendly streets, many Miami Beach residents get around by bicycle.

In March 2011 a public bicycle sharing system named Decobike was launched, one of only a handful of such programs in the United States. The program is operated by a private corporation, Decobike, LLC, but is partnered with the City of Miami Beach in a revenue-sharing model. Once fully implemented, the program hopes to have around 1000 bikes accessible from 100 stations throughout Miami Beach, from around 85th Street on the north side of Miami Beach all the way south to South Pointe Park.

Notable people

 * George Abbott, playwright, screenwriter, producer, and director
 * George Ade (1866–1944), writer
 * Moses Annenberg, newspaper publisher
 * William "Billy" Milligan, first multi-personality man to successfully plead not guilty by reason of insanity
 * Desi Arnaz (1917–1986), entertainer
 * Shmuley Boteach (born 1966), Orthodox rabbi, radio and television host, and author
 * Walter Briggs, Sr., entrepreneur, owner of the Detroit Tigers
 * Douglas Isaac Busch, photographer and teacher
 * Barbara Baer Capitman, historic preservation activist, writer
 * Al Capone (1899–1947), mobster
 * David Caruso, actor and producer, star of NYPD Blue and CSI: Miami
 * John S. Collins, horticulturist
 * Kent Cooper, Associated Press
 * James M. Cox, Governor of Ohio and presidential candidate
 * Andrew Cunanan, serial killer
 * Ron Dermer (born 1971), Israeli Ambassador to the US
 * Harvey Firestone, Firestone Tires
 * Carl Graham Fisher, developer of Miami Beach
 * Frank Gannett, Gannett Media Corporation
 * Barry Gibb, singer, songwriter, musician (Bee Gees)
 * Jackie Gleason, comedian, actor. TV host (Jackie Gleason and His American Scene Magazine 1964–1966, The Jackie Gleason Show 1966–1970)
 * Tony Goldman, real estate developer
 * Ronald Green (1944–2012), American-Israeli basketball player
 * Gabriel Heatter, radio commentator
 * Jerry Herman, Broadway composer
 * John D. Hertz, Hertz Rental Cars
 * Nunnally Johnson, film director
 * Josignacio, artist
 * S.S. Kresge, retailer
 * Meyer Lansky (1902–1983), mobster
 * Albert Lasker, businessman
 * Ring Lardner (1885–1933), writer
 * Dan Le Batard, ESPN Radio & TV host
 * Bernarr MacFadden, bodybuilder, owner of the Deauville Hotel
 * Floyd Mayweather Jr., boxer
 * Alex Omes, co-founder of Ultra Music Festival
 * Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia, IFBB professional bodybuilder
 * James Cash Penney, department store magnate
 * Irving Jacob Reuter, General Motors
 * Grantland Rice, sportswriter
 * Mark B. Rosenberg, political scientist who was the former President of Florida International University and former Chancellor of the State University System of Florida
 * Ed Rubinoff (born 1935), tennis player
 * Damon Runyon, newspaperman and writer
 * Nicholas Schenck, MGM studios
 * Dutch Schultz, mobster
 * Robin Sherwood, actress
 * Sid Tepper, Songwriter
 * Gianni Versace (1946–1997), fashion designer
 * Betty Viana-Adkins, IFBB professional bodybuilder
 * Neal Walk (1948–2015), basketball player
 * Albert Warner, Warner Brothers studio founder
 * Garfield Wood, inventor

Sister cities
Miami Beach has 13 sister cities

 * 🇪🇸 Almonte, Spain
 * 🇪🇸 Marbella, Spain
 * 🇧🇷 Fortaleza, Brazil
 * 🇨🇴 Santa Marta, Colombia
 * 🇨🇿 Český Krumlov, Czech Republic
 * 🇮🇱 Nahariya, Israel
 * 🇮🇹 Pescara, Italy
 * 🇯🇵 Fujisawa, Japan
 * 🇲🇽 Cozumel, Mexico
 * 🇵🇪 Ica, Peru
 * Basel, Switzerland
 * 🇨🇦 Brampton, Canada
 * 🇪🇷 Asmara, Eritrea

title: Miami Beach, Florida


text:
Miami Lakes, Florida

Miami Lakes, officially the Town of Miami Lakes, is an incorporated town in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The town is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,467.

History
The development was constructed by Sengra (now the Graham Companies) beginning in 1962 on land formerly owned by Florida state senator Ernest "Cap" Graham. The Grahams stated for many years that it would be a 30-year development, but they are still developing to this day.

The original Miami Lakes development, east of the Palmetto Expressway, was master-planned by Lester Collins with curving tree-shaded roadways and numerous curving lakes, which are unusual compared to most surrounding areas with their treeless streets on a square grid and rectangular lakes. This original development, which is on the east side of the more recently designated Town of Miami Lakes, has neighborhood shopping centers, tot-lot parks, and a town center named Main Street. A significant portion of Miami Lakes is still owned by the Grahams, mostly apartment buildings, shopping centers, office buildings, and undeveloped land. The town is an early model of the New Urbanism movement, with shopping and services located within walking distance of residences as well as narrow, walkable streets and plenty of neighborhood parks.

When it was incorporated in December 2000, the Town of Miami Lakes became the 31st municipality in Miami-Dade County. Miami Lakes is home to more than 1,100 businesses.

The Master Plan began over 50 years ago when the Graham family began the development of what was their dairy farm. Unlike many cities and towns created during the early 1960s, the Grahams decided to create a master plan for the city that would allow decades of growth, construction, and changing market conditions. Lester Collins, former dean of the Harvard School of Design, was enlisted to create a master plan for the area that would become the center of Miami Lakes. Collins laid the foundation for an integrated community, including residential, commercial, industrial, and mixed uses.

Former U.S. Senator Bob Graham, the younger half-brother of family patriarch William "Bill" Graham, is one of the owners, and Katharine Graham, the late publisher of the Washington Post, had a share by marriage. On December 5, 2000, Miami Lakes voted to become an incorporated town.

Geography
Miami Lakes is located 15 mi northwest of downtown Miami at 25.91167°N, -80.32507°W. It is bordered to the south and west by the city of Hialeah, to the east by the city of Miami Gardens, and to the north by the unincorporated community of Country Club.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Miami Lakes has a total area of 6.5 sqmi. 5.7 sqmi of it are land and 0.8 sqmi of it (13.05%) are water.

Climate
Miami Lakes has a tropical climate, similar to the climate found in much of the Caribbean. It is part of the only region in the 48 contiguous states that falls under that category. More specifically, it generally has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification: Af), bordering a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification: Am).

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 30,467 people, 10,393 households, and 7,814 families residing in the town.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 29,361 people, 9,533 households, and 7,050 families residing in the town.

2000 census
In 2000, 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.21.

In 2000, 25.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.2% was from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.

-2013, the median income for a household in the town was $63,754 and the median income for a family was $68,431. Males had a median income of $45,759 versus $31,656 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,867. About 3.8% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, 72.41% of the population spoke Spanish at home, while 24.65% spoke only English. In addition, 0.67% of residents spoke Portuguese and 0.64% spoke Urdu.

Government
Since its incorporation in 2000, the Town of Miami Lakes operates under a council-manager form of government. The council-manager system combines the strong leadership of elected officials with the strong managerial experience of an appointed town manager.

The mayor's seat is elected at-large for a four-year term. As defined in the town's charter, the mayor shall preside at meetings of the council and be a voting member of the council. The town council is vested with all legislative powers of the town. The council consists of the mayor and six members.

As of 2024, the town council members are:
 * Mayor – Manny Cid
 * Councilmember Seat 1 and Vice Mayor– Tony Fernandez
 * Councilmember Seat 2 – Ray Garcia
 * Councilmember Seat 3 – Marilyn Ruano
 * Councilmember Seat 4 – Josh Dieguez
 * Councilmember Seat 5 – Luis E. Collazo
 * Councilmember Seat 6 – Bryan Morera

The Town of Miami Lakes held a grand opening and ribbon-cutting for its new town hall on April 23, 2013, located at the east end of Main Street.

On October 5, 2010, Nelson Hernandez became the youngest council member elected to the Miami Lakes Town Council at the age of 24, ever since the town's incorporation in 2000.

The Miami-Dade Police Department is under contract with the Town of Miami Lakes to perform law enforcement functions within the Town.

The Miami-Dade Fire Rescue operates Station 1 Miami Lakes & Station 64 Miami Lakes West.

Economy
Several companies are headquartered in Miami Lakes, including BankUnited, N.A.; one of the largest banking institutions in the United States.

Potamkin Auto Group, The Graham Companies, Fine Art Lamps, Pacer, New Generation Computing, South Florida ENT Associates, Inktel, Isaco International, Safari, 1st Financial, American Bancshares Mortgage, LLC, National Molding, Lotspeich and Oliva Cigar.

Public schools
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Miami Lakes.

K–8 schools

 * Bob Graham Education Center
 * Miami Lakes K-8 Center

Middle schools

 * Miami Lakes Middle School

High schools

 * Barbara Goleman Senior High School
 * Hialeah-Miami Lakes Senior High School

Magnet schools

 * Miami Lakes Educational Center

Private schools

 * Our Lady of the Lakes Catholic School

Parks and recreation
The Town of Miami Lakes has 100+ parks, mini parks, tot lots, green-ways and trails located throughout, including Miami Lakes Optimist Park, Veterans Park and Royal Oaks Park.

Veterans Memorial
Miami Lakes has a unique indoor veterans memorial located at the Royal Oaks Park Community Center. The memorial is a 50-foot-long mural that features a combination of two digitized paintings of military scenes throughout U.S. history, wood carvings, stained glass, and hand-made glass mosaics molded from leaves of Miami Lakes' trees. The centerpiece of the artwork consists of the seals from each of the US military service branches and the POW/MIA seal. The memorial was inaugurated on Memorial Day of 2011. The artists are Alfred Darmanin and Michelle Stecco.

The veterans memorial titled "V is for Veterans" was unveiled in front of Miami Lakes Town Hall on September 4, 2014. The artwork was created by Stephanie Jaffe Werner.

Public libraries

 * Miami Lakes Branch Library

Places of worship

 * Elevate Church
 * Hope at Miami Lakes Methodist Church
 * Miami Lakes United Church of Christ
 * Our Lady of the Lakes Catholic Church

Theaters and performance arts

 * Main Street Players is a local performing arts space producing live theatrical events using community talent and volunteers.

Festivals and events

 * Fourth of July Concert and Fireworks Show
 * Main Street Festival of Lights
 * Miami Lakes Cars for a Cure
 * Miami Lakes Farmers Market
 * Miami Lakes Food and Wine Festival
 * Miami Lakes Jingle Bell Jog
 * Nightmare on Montrose Halloween Event
 * Pumpkin Patch
 * Reindeer Run 5k
 * Spring Fling Easter Egg Hunt
 * Veterans Day Parade; the longest running Veterans Day Parade in all of Miami-Dade County.
 * Miami Lakes Culinary Bike Tour

Sports

 * Miami Lakes Bandits
 * Miami Lakes United Soccer Club

Media
The Miami Laker serves as the community newspaper for the town of Miami Lakes and surrounding areas in northwest Miami-Dade County.

Notable people

 * Joe Brady, American football coach
 * Humberto Brenes, Costa Rican professional poker player
 * Harry P. Cain, American politician
 * Adrian Cárdenas, American professional baseball second baseman
 * Harry Wayne Casey, American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer
 * Bob Graham, American lawyer, author and politician
 * Gwen Graham, American lawyer and politician
 * Don Shula, American professional football player and coach
 * Sara Sidner, American TV reporter

title: Miami Lakes, Florida


text:
Miami Shores, Florida

Miami Shores or Miami Shores Village is a village in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The village is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,567, up from 10,493 in 2010.

History
By the early 1900s, the area encompassing today's Miami Shores was occupied by a starch (coontie) mill, a tomato packing plant, a saw mill, a pineapple plantation and a grapefruit grove. These were the various enterprises in which the early pioneers were engaged, and with the coming of the railroad and its stop at the Biscayne station, they were able to live off the land. Two of the most successful growers were Major Hugh Gordon and T.V. Moore. T.V. Moore owned the land in what is today's commercial district, while the Gordon Tract bordered the bay. By 1922, Lee T. Cooper, who had amassed his wealth from a patent medicine by the name of Tanlac, purchased T.V. Moore's land holdings. Cooper planned to develop the area and named it "Bay View Estates". In 1924, the Shoreland Company purchased the Gordon Tract, Bay View Estates and other scattered acreage in order to create Miami Shores, "America's Mediterranean".

Hugh M. Anderson, president of the Shoreland Company, and its board of directors were experienced real estate developers. They had previously completed the successful development of the Venetian Islands in Miami Beach, and they decided that their new project would be similar – residences of Italian-inspired architecture within a landscape associated with water. The master development plan for Greater Miami Shores included 9,000 building sites, 5$2/3$ miles of bay frontage, four miles of inland waterways and ten miles of main roadways. The plans also called for the construction of a causeway to Miami Beach, a golf course, a country club, a yacht club, a business district, apartment buildings, hotels, a school and churches, a railroad station and beautifying features such as parks, plazas and entryways.

A total of 118 upscale Mediterranean homes were built by the Shoreland Company. These homes have great historic value, and 25 have been designated on the National Register of Historic Places so far. The commercial building program was in progress, sidewalks and roadways were being laid out, and lighting and landscape work was well underway. Record-setting sales and resales of property were being recorded. Unfortunately, on September 18, 1926, all plans for the community came to a halt with the arrival of a devastating hurricane. This and other factors contributed to the Shoreland Company's bankruptcy in 1927.

In 1928, the New Miami Shores Corporation purchased the Shoreland Company's holdings. This corporation was controlled by Bessemer Properties, part of the interests of the Wolstenholme family of New York. Roy H. Hawkins, the general manager of Bessemer Properties, proceeded with the plans for the community. He is credited as being the "principal founder" of Miami Shores. In 1931, under his leadership, a request to grant a charter creating the Miami Shores Village was presented in the state legislature.

The present Miami Shores roughly corresponds with the original "Biscayne" neighborhood of the city of Miami. With the arrival of the Great Depression, Miami gave up its jurisdiction and the area incorporated under the name "Miami Shores Village" in 1932. Previously, part of the area that now comprises the city of North Miami had been known as Miami Shores. Under the leadership of Roy H. Hawkins, a request to grant a charter creating Miami Shores Village was presented in the state legislature. On January 2, 1932, the village became official at a council meeting. The charter named the following five members to the first council: Hugh H. Gordon, a banker whose father had owned the Gordon Tract; Frank O. Pruitt, who was in the insurance business; John M. Carlisle, president of the Eli Witt Cigar Company; W.F. Andes, a prominent dentist; and M.R. Harrison, a general contractor, who constructed much of Biscayne Boulevard. At this first meeting, Pruitt was elected mayor, and other appointments were made including Village Manager Miller Williams, Village Attorney George E. Holt, and a single policeman, Ed Badger.

In the decades that followed its incorporation, growth was steady. A variety of architectural styles were introduced, yet the community emerged as the type of development the Shoreland Company had envisioned. The community retains many of its original characteristics – well situated and served by major highways, having tree-lined streets and wide roads, a downtown area, well-maintained homes provided with efficient services. and a variety of community activities.

Miami Shores is primarily a bedroom community for those working in the Miami metropolitan area, and it also has a sizable retired population. The village is mostly single family residential homes, with very few multi-family units and only two small commercial areas along Northeast 2nd Avenue and Biscayne Boulevard.

While it is frequently referred to as Miami Shores or the Village of Miami Shores, the municipality's official name under its charter is Miami Shores Village.

Geography
Miami Shores is located in northeastern Miami-Dade County at 25.86524°N, -80.18845°W. It is bordered to the north by Biscayne Park, to the west by unincorporated Pinewood, to the southwest by El Portal, to the south by the city of Miami, to the east by Biscayne Bay and, across the bay, by the city of Miami Beach.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.78 sqmi. 2.49 sqmi of it are land, and 1.29 sqmi of it (34.19%) are water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 11,567 people, 3,117 households, and 2,328 families residing in the village.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 10,493 people, 3,477 households, and 2,164 families residing in the village.

Based on 2010 data, the ancestries of only the Hispanic and Latino population from highest to lowest were as follows: Cubans made up 33.41%, South Americans were at 25.97%, Puerto Ricans accounted for 11.48%, Central Americans totaled 10.70%, and Mexicans were 2.95% of the Hispanic/Latino population.

Between 2012 and 2016, 40.2% of village residents spoke a language other than English at home, 49.2% possessed a bachelor's degree or higher, and the median household income was $101,047. About 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line.

2000 census
In 2000, 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.24. The village also has one of the highest percentages of homosexual couples in the United States.

In 2000, the village population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the village was $56,306, and the median income for a family was $64,963. Males had a median income of $42,373 versus $35,530 for females. The per capita income for the village was $26,134. About 6.9% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

Form of government
The village operates under a council-manager system. It has a city council of five members, who are elected at-large. The Village Charter provides that the two individuals receiving the highest number of votes are elected to four-year terms. The individual(s) receiving the next highest number of votes is elected to a two-year term. The position of mayor is selected by the council at its inaugural meeting. Historically, the individual receiving the highest number of votes is selected to serve as the mayor and holds this position for two years of the four-year term. At the conclusion of his or her term as mayor, the individual retains a seat on the council as a "regular" council member for the next two years. Elections are held every two years, with either two or three seats being open at each election in the ordinary course of events.

Each council member is a voting member of the council, with the mayor serving as the chair. The council is responsible for enacting most village laws, approving capital expenditures, and hiring the village manager. There are also a number of administrative boards, such as planning & zoning, code enforcement, and personnel appeals, that manage various aspects of the village government.

The village manager is the chief executive officer in charge of managing the day-to-day functions of the village. The village maintains its own police department, but fire services are supplied by the county, with Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department Station No. 38 located in the village.

Regulation of vegetable gardens
In 2013, two residents, a married couple named Hermine Ricketts and Tom Carroll, were cited by the village under a code provision that prohibited vegetable gardens in front yards. The majority of the couple's front yard was planted with various vegetables, and had been in place for 17 years. The garden, which regularly received compliments from neighbors, supplied about 80% of the couple's meals. And although the garden had existed for 17 years, the city could produce no record of a single complaint. Nonetheless, just weeks after amending its ordinances "for clarity," the Miami Shores Code Enforcement Board ordered the couple to destroy the garden or face recurring fines of $50 per day.

The Institute for Justice filed a suit on their behalf, claiming that the "backyard only" rule was arbitrary and violated the couple's property rights under the Florida Constitution. The story garnered national attention. On August 25, 2016, Judge Monica Gordo granted the village's summary judgment motion, finding that, "the prohibition of vegetable gardens except in backyards is rationally related to Miami Shores' legitimate interest in promoting and maintaining aesthetics," and that the rule therefore "passes constitutional scrutiny."

The ruling subsequently was upheld by the Florida Third District Court of Appeal, which stated, "Following the ineluctable conclusion that the Village ordinance does not restrict a fundamental right or suspect class, [two cases previously discussed] control the analysis in this case. The ordinance is constitutional. We agree with the trial court's parting observation that the appellants 'still have a remedy. They can petition the Village Council to change the ordinance. They can also support candidates for Council who agree with their view that the ordinance should be repealed.'" The city defended the ruling, saying that "without any arbiter of taste, residents could get stuck living next to a polka-dot house with pigs taking mud baths by the garage and an Oscar Mayer Wienermobile on the swale."

Although the case gathered local and national news attention, the Supreme Court of Florida declined to hear the case.

In the spring of 2019 representatives from the Florida Senate and House of Representatives passed legislation to protect private property rights and override local ordinances and allow vegetable gardens to be grown and cared for by property owners within any location on their property. The current Florida governor signed the legislature on June 24, 2019, creating Florida Statute 604.71. The new ordinance became effective July 1, 2019.

The preamble to Florida Statute 604.71 reads:

"An Act Relating to Vegetable Gardens: Providing legislative intent: Prohibiting local governments from regulating vegetable gardens on residential properties except as otherwise provided by law; specifying that such regulations are void and unenforceable; specifying exceptions; providing applicability; defining the term 'vegetable garden'; providing and effective date".

Alleged racial discrimination in seatbelt ticketing
Following the January 2016 report "Racial Disparities in Florida Safety Belt Law Enforcement", published by the ACLU (which did not mention Miami Shores), local CBS-affiliate station WFOR-TV gathered additional statistics from the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. One sentence in the report noted that "in Miami Shores, there were 261 seat belt citations issued with 186 [(71%)] going to blacks." The report did not discuss whether any of the drivers were initially stopped for other violations. It also failed to note the area's large African American population. Miami Shores itself is 23.8% African American, as compared to 18.9% for Miami-Dade County and 16.31% for Florida as a whole. More significantly, neighboring areas have large African American majorities. For example, North Miami's population is roughly six times that of Miami Shores, 58.9% being African American (i.e., the African American population of North Miami is more than three times the total population of Miami Shores). Other nearby neighborhoods include Little Haiti (64.9% African American), West Little River (57.2% African American), Gladeview (76.98% African American), and Westview (75.6% African American).

Educational institutions
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates district public schools serving Miami Shores:

MDCPS schools
 * Miami Shores Elementary School
 * Horace Mann Middle School
 * Miami Edison High School (in Miami)

The following public, charter, and private schools are located in Miami Shores:
 * Miami Shores Elementary School
 * Doctors Charter School of Miami Shores at Barry University
 * Miami Country Day School
 * Miami Shores Presbyterian Church School
 * Miami Shores Baptist Church Academy
 * Miami Shores Community School
 * Miami Shores Montessori School
 * St. Rose of Lima Catholic School of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami

Colleges and universities

 * Barry University's main campus is located in Miami Shores.

Public library
Brockway Memorial Library was founded in 1949. While over the years the countywide Miami-Dade Public Library System has taken over the libraries of most of the cities in the county, the Miami Shores public library has remained independent.

This independent public library first opened in February 1949 due to the generosity of George A. Brockway, an industrialist and part-time South Florida resident, who donated the funds to build the library. The land the library was built on was donated by Bessemer Properties under the management of Roy H. Hawkins. This library is considered the central cultural and educational hub of Miami Shores. Brockway Memorial Library offers patrons a large and diverse collection of materials that contain, print books, magazines, newspapers, online databases, eBooks, multimedia resources, such as computers, DVDs, music, and a diversity of social clubs and activities to serve the patrons and the community at large.

In 2002, funds were raised to add 2,500 square feet to the library. "This new addition was a multimedia room housing, electronic books, dedicated spaces for videos and audio books, reference materials, a computer center and the Miami Shores Archives." The Miami Shores Archives is a special collection of local area history. The library's schedule is available online.

title: Miami Shores, Florida