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Charlotte, Maine

Charlotte is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The town was named for the wife of legislator William Vance. The population was 337 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 33.75 sqmi, of which 30.99 sqmi is land and 2.76 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 332 people, 148 households, and 92 families living in the town. The population density was 10.7 PD/sqmi. There were 256 housing units at an average density of 8.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.0% White, 3.0% Native American, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 148 households, of which 23.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.8% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the town was 50 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.5% were from 25 to 44; 37.8% were from 45 to 64; and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 324 people, 134 households, and 97 families living in the town. The population density was 10.4 PD/sqmi. There were 249 housing units at an average density of 8.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.69% White, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.31% of the population.

There were 134 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,391, and the median income for a family was $32,411. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $20,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,283. About 9.3% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Charlotte, Maine


text:
Cherryfield, Maine

Cherryfield is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States on the Narraguagus River. It was named for the wild cherries that once peppered the banks of the river. The town population was 1,107 at the 2020 census. The town bills itself as the "Blueberry Capital of the World". Roughly 75 acre on both sides of the river are a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places known as the Cherryfield Historic District. This district comprises a collection of period structures dating from c. 1750–1890. The town was first settled about 1760. In 1826,the part of Steuben known as Narraguagus was annexed onto Cherryfield.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.99 sqmi, of which 44.44 sqmi is land and 0.55 sqmi is water. The town is home to two breeding pairs of bald eagles.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,232 people, 570 households, and 332 families living in the town. The population density was 27.7 PD/sqmi. There were 743 housing units at an average density of 16.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.2% White, 0.2% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 570 households, of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.8% were non-families. 36.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.73.

The median age in the town was 48.8 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.7% were from 25 to 44; 32.1% were from 45 to 64; and 23.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,157 people, 493 households, and 317 families living in the town. The population density was 26.5 PD/sqmi. There were 644 housing units at an average density of 14.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.01% White, 0.09% African American, 0.69% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.09% of the population.

There were 493 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $21,486, and the median income for a family was $31,016. Males had a median income of $26,058 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,111. About 15.8% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 27.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Hiram Burnham, Civil War-era general
 * Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce and President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War, lived in Cherryfield in 1857 while overseeing survey work for the Epping Baseline
 * Andy Santerre, former NASCAR driver and owner
 * Carlton Willey, major league pitcher for the Milwaukee Braves and New York Mets

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cherryfield, Maine


text:
Codyville, Maine

Codyville is a township in Washington County, Maine, United States, that is part of the unorganized territory of North Washington. The population was 13 at the 2020 census. Codyville was formerly a plantation, but it disorganized in 2019.

History
Codyville was named after its first settler and was organized as a plantation in 1872. After sustaining a steady population decline since the 1930s, the plantation ultimately disorganized in 2019.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the plantation has a total area of 55.0 sqmi, of which 54.8 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi, or 0.31%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 19 people, 9 households, and 6 families residing in the plantation. The population density was 0.3 PD/sqmi. There were 25 housing units at an average density of 0.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the plantation was 100.00% White.

There were 9 households, out of which 11.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, and 33.3% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 33.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the plantation the population was spread out, with 5.3% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 47.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the plantation was $68,750, and the median income for a family was $85,139. Males had a median income of $55,417 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the plantation was $21,295. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

title: Codyville, Maine


text:
Columbia, Maine

Columbia is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 435 at the 2020 census.

Columbia was first settled by Europeans in the 1750s.

Until 1863 it and its Washington County neighbor Columbia Falls, Maine on the Pleasant River when Columbia Falls formed its own town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.61 sqmi, of which 36.30 sqmi is land and 0.31 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 486 people, 198 households, and 123 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.4 PD/sqmi. There were 290 housing units at an average density of 8.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.7% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 1.2% from other races, and 0.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 198 households, of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.9% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.03.

The median age in the town was 40 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 32.5% were from 45 to 64; and 10.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 459 people, 190 households, and 122 families residing in the town. The population density was 12.8 per square mile (4.9/km2 ). There were 267 housing units at an average density of 7.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.69% White, 0.22% Native American, and 1.09% from two or more races.

There were 190 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,125, and the median income for a family was $31,818. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $22,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,537. About 18.3% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.5% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over.

History
Many of the major events of Columbia's past have been summarized in this section from local texts, newspaper accounts, and from the recollections of residents.

Native Americans and early settlement
Prior to settlement from families who originated in southern Maine, Native American settlements had existed along the Pleasant River. One is documented in Maine State records and another was present at Saco Falls. The earliest Euro-American settlers arrived from Addison, then known as Township 6, by traveling up the Pleasant River. The first family was William and Noah Mitchell in the 1750s.

Government and industry
The first formal record of government is a petition for a Justice of the Peace in 1770 to the Governor of Massachusetts by persons living in the Pleasant River valley. The town of Columbia was originally known as Township 12. Neighboring Township 13, now Columbia Falls, was joined with Township 12 and incorporated as the Town of Columbia in 1796. This association lasted for 67 years until Columbia Falls incorporated as a separate town in 1863.

In the 1790s, "Lottery Townships" (including Twp 12) sold for 20 cents an acre. Alexander Baring refers to a settlement of about 30 Quaker families located near the center of Township 12. Families supported themselves with sawmills and shipbuilding. The first sawmill in Columbia was in Epping, near the present Fish and Game Club, built by Moses Worcester. It later burned, giving Burnt Mill Rips its name. Others were as follows: Little River, Saco Falls, Branch Brook, Georgetown, Webb District and on the Eastern Branch of Great Marsh Stream. Ship building also took place along Branch Brook.

Education
The first school in Township 12 was in Upper Epping. It was moved a few feet and turned into a residence in the early 1990s and it is at 11 Pea Ridge Road. It was used on Sundays to hold meetings. Eventually there were several school districts including Lower and Upper Epping; Saco, below Cynthia Dorr Hill; at the Branch (Four Corners area); Webb District and Georgetown. The only remaining one-room schoolhouse in town was built in 1892. It was renovated in 1996 and is now the Town Office.

Religion
The Union Church was built in 1829 and was originally Baptist. The Little River Church, built in 1858, was torn down in 1997. Parts of it are now in the new Faith United Methodist Church on Route 1. The only remnants of the original Quaker settlers are cellar holes in the Pea Ridge Road area.

Farming, forestry and maritime industries
The earliest settlers in the Pleasant River Valley came for the marsh hay and the lumber. To enhance the quality of the salt hay, boxes and dikes were built in the marshes to reduce the saltwater content. These were called "aboiteaux", and that area is now called "the abadors". As lumber mills sprang up, boat building followed. At one time there were three shipyards at the Branch (Four Corners area). The early settlements near the mills were Epping, Saco Falls, the Branch, Little River, Webb District and Georgetown. There were stores at Epping Corner. When the railroad was built, a settlement grew up near the train station. Here a factory was built for canning blueberries, then string beans and finally freezing fish. The factory burned in 1972, but by that time all the commerce in town had moved out to Route 1 near the Branch.

Blueberries are one of only three fruits native to this area, the others being cranberries and grapes. Native Americans knew that burning the fields in spring helped the crop, and they dried blueberries for pemmican, as well. During the Civil War, berries were hand-picked, hand-canned and soldered for shipping to the Union Army. Berries were also hand picked (for 2 cents a quart) and shipped by schooner in one quart wooden firkins to Boston (the trip took 2½ days). Until 1876, the barrens were held as "common land", with different families managing different parcels. By the 1880s, there were canning factories in Harrington and Columbia Falls, and a blueberry rake was designed by Abijah Tabbutt in 1883. In 1882 it was voted to "tax blueberry lands based on its value and income."

The west end of town is mostly the headwaters of the Harrington River, while the east end is in the watershed of the Pleasant River. Development and roads have been established along the higher ground, as there are many wetlands throughout the town. In the 1890s most of the arable lands were in pasture and fields. The blueberry and forestry industries, including Christmas trees and wreath brush, still remain seasonal sources of income for many residents. Some liquidation forestry has taken place, but attempts at subdivision have been largely unsuccessful so far due to lack of jobs in the area. There has been a recent resurgence in small agriculture that should be encouraged if residents want to retain the rural nature of the town.

Historic structures and land use activities
The oldest house still standing in Columbia was built in 1790 at 515 Station Road. It is still used as a residence. Schools and churches followed, and the first town "Hall" was built at Lower Epping. It was built as a store, but the second floor was used for public gatherings. It was later known as Leighton's Hall, then Redmen's Hall. By 1876 Columbia got its own post office (at the Branch). The location changed several times until 1906, when rural delivery started. In 1910, the Columbia Grange was built, later to become the Town Hall. This structure burned in 2001.

The first survey of Columbia (Township 12) was conducted in 1785. In 1857, the Base Line was completed. The Base Line is depicted on Map 2 and refers to a 5.4 mi perfectly straight surveyed line, which was one of seven used by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for triangulation to establish positions for mapping the North Atlantic. The Eastern Monument was heavily vandalized and is now stored at the Cherryfield Historical Society.

In 1940, the dike bridge was built that crosses the West Branch of the Pleasant River in Addison. Clappers were installed to prevent tides from coming up river so that the West Branch would become fresh water only.

In 1963, Pine Island was subdivided. Elio Carerj purchased the Columbia portion of Pine Island (which is in the middle of the Great Heath) from Maurice Worcester for $1,000 on August 17, 1963. Doing business as Atlantic Real Estate, he subdivided his land into 673 individual $1/2$-acre lots on 40 blocks. He sold about half of them for between $40 and $160 per lot, mostly to citizens of Germany, Switzerland and Italy. At that time, there was a bridge across the Pleasant River from El Meadow.

Transportation
In 1898, the Washington County Railroad came to the area. The station in Columbia was on Station Road on the north side of the tracks. The use of the rail lines diminished substantially in the 1950s and 1960s, and the rail line was declared exempt in 1986. This was a result of more inexpensive trucking costs on the interstate highway system. U.S. Route 1 is now the main arterial route in Columbia and the southern part of Washington County. It was completed in 1953.

Selected references

 * A History of Columbia and Columbia Falls in 1976, by Nancy Greene and Clarence Drisko

Historical buildings and places
The Maine Historic Preservation Commission maintains an inventory of important sites including buildings or sites on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). They record one listing for the town: Columbia Union Church on Epping Rd.

Columbia Streets and Public Facilities are of historic importance to the town's residents:

 * Geodetic Survey East Base Line Marker (1857, east end of Base Line Road)
 * Ichabod White House (c. 1858) The front half of the house was purchased in 1900 from Sears and Roebuck.
 * House at 515 Station Road (1790)

Cemeteries
Cemeteries are a cultural resource, providing insight into the history of the community.

 * Columbia Cemetery – only one owned by town, 4 acre approximately, on Cemetery Road off Saco Road.
 * Mailley Hill Cemetery, 3 acre, $1/3$ mile up Station Road on west side.
 * Nash Cemetery, $1/4$ acre, Route 1, south side next to Wright Construction.
 * Friendship Cemetery, 1 acre, north side Sacarap Road just past Barney Brook.

These four are in current use, and the town holds monies for their maintenance. The town's older cemeteries contain tombstones dating back to the early 19th century. They are as follows:
 * McCaslin Cemetery, 60 ft × 100 ft, in the woods north of Route 1 across from Delia’s store
 * White Cemetery, 50 ft × 60 ft, (0.55 mile from town line) Route 1, south side.
 * Unnamed cemetery, unfenced, approx 30 ft × 45 ft, contains grave of Civil War veteran Moses Nash, down a dirt road north side of Sacarap Road $1/2$ mile before Georgetown Woods Road.
 * Randall Cemetery, 50 ft × 60 ft, west side Sacarap Road, just before Great Marsh Stream.
 * Valley Cemetery, 100 ft × 100 ft, west side (left off Valley Road)

There is one old family cemetery (Furren) whose gravestones could not be found, north of Route 1 behind the new Faith United Methodist Church. There are a few new family plots on private property.

Archaeological sites
There is one known prehistoric archaeological site located within Columbia, according to the Maine Historic Preservation Commission (MHPC). This site (60.10) is located on the edge of the blueberry barrens. The shoreline of the Pleasant River, Schoodic Lake, kettle hole ponds and the south margin of the blueberry barrens have been determined by MHPC to be archeologically sensitive areas that are worth professionally surveying. There are no known historical archeological sites within Columbia, as recorded by the MHPC however some sites have been identified by residents including the silica mines, various mill sites, the baseline and the bean factory.

Location and topography
Columbia is located in the western part of Washington County. The town is situated approximately 65 mi east of Bangor and is bordered on the north by unorganized territory (T18 MD BPP), on the east by Columbia Falls, on the south by Harrington and Addison, and on the west by Cherryfield. The land area of the town is approximately 28688 acre.

Geology
Columbia is located in a region of massive granite intrusion that was glaciated in the Wisconsin age. The glacier caused till (unsorted, poorly drained soil) to be deposited over the entire region. This poorly drained till formed bogs and ponds and altered the drainage pattern. The underlying granite caused the till to be more thickly deposited on the northwest sides of ridges: on the southeast sides boulders were "plucked" and transported further south. Thick till deposits are also found in bedrock "valleys" and depressions. The weight of the ice (in some places a mile thick) caused the land to be depressed in relation to the level of the sea. Marine sediments (silts and clays) were deposited in valleys and more sheltered locations. The release of pressure due to the melting allowed the land to rise slowly. This explains why silt and clay deposits can be found at elevations of 100 ft or more. Columbia contains the largest and most significant areas of marine outwash plain resulting in regionally significant deposits of sand and gravel.

Blueberry cultivation
The most significant agricultural activity in Columbia is blueberry production. There are approximately 2,861.5 acre under cultivation for blueberries, of which 1581 acre are irrigated. While the soils in Columbia are not ideal for many agricultural uses, they are well suited for blueberry production, and this activity continues to provide significant employment in town.

Watersheds
Within its boundaries, the town of Columbia has one great pond, Schoodic Lake (also in Cherryfield and T18 MD BPP). The water resources of Columbia are characterized primarily by the Pleasant River and several other watersheds.

The headwaters of the Harrington River rise in the western part of Columbia, comprising the sub-watersheds of Trout Brook, Great Marsh Stream and several smaller tributaries leading directly to the Harrington River. The northwestern part of this watershed contains Pineo Ridge and a large sand and gravel aquifer, with potential yields of than 50 gallons per minute. The southern part of this watershed is primarily forested but is an area where significant clearcuts have occurred recently as timberland is converted to wreath brush production.

The other watersheds in Columbia contain the main stem of the Pleasant River in the northern part of town, including the Great Heath described below. The West Branch of the Pleasant River rises in two sub-watersheds in the southeastern part of Columbia and drains south toward Addison.

The portion of the watershed that has the greatest potential to affect a body of water is its direct watershed, or that part which does not first drain through upstream areas. Anything that can be transported by water will eventually reach and impact the quality of a water body. Development activities, such as house and road construction and timber harvesting, may disturb the land that drains to a lake by streams and groundwater and contribute pollutants and other substances to water bodies, degrading water quality. Activity anywhere in the watershed, even several miles away, has the potential to impact the water quality of our streams, rivers, ponds and lakes.

Threats to water quality come from point and non-point discharges. Point source pollution is discharged directly from a specific site such as a municipal sewage treatment plant or an industrial outfall pipe. There are no point source discharges within the Town of Columbia.

Non-point source pollution poses the greatest threat to water quality in Maine communities, and Columbia is no exception. The most significant contributing source comes from erosion and sedimentation as well as excessive run-off of nutrients, particularly phosphorus. In excessive quantities phosphorus acts as a fertilizer and causes algae to flourish or "bloom". Additional contributing factors include animal wastes, fertilizers, sand and salt storage, waste lagoons, faulty septic systems, roadside erosion, leaking underground storage tanks, and hazardous substances.

Identification and regulation of these sites is important to safeguard both surface and ground waters. The non-point source pollution in Columbia caused by failing septic systems, run-off from surrounding agricultural land, and aerial spraying of herbicides threatens Schoodic Lake and kettle hole ponds, the Pleasant River and the headwaters of the Harrington River (Great Marsh Stream and Dorr and Trout Brooks). A small area along the western edge of the town drains to the Narraguagus River via Schoodic Lake. Camp development and blueberry agriculture could pose a serious threat to the water quality of this cold water lake.

According to the ME-DEP Lake Water Quality Monitoring Report for Schoodic Lake provided by the PEARL spatial database, water quality monitoring data for Schoodic Lake has been collected since 1977.

During this period, five years of basic chemical information was collected, in addition to eight years of Secchi Disk Transparencies (SDT). In summary, the water quality of Schoodic Lake is considered to be average, based on measures of SDT, total phosphorus (TP), and Chlorophyll-a (Chla). The potential for nuisance algal blooms on Schoodic Lake is low.

Schoodic Lake is a non-colored lake (average color 8 SPU) with an average SDT of 5.5 m (18 ft). The range of water column TP for Schoodic Lake is 4–15 parts per billion (ppb) with an average of 9 ppb, while Chla ranges from 2.1 to 4.5 ppb, with an average of 3 ppb. Recent dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles show moderate DO depletion in deep areas of the lake. The potential for TP to leave the bottom sediments and become available to algae in the water column (internal loading) is low to moderate.

Schoodic Lake is managed by the Maine Department of Inland Fish and Wildlife as both a warm water and cold-water fishery. Oxygen levels below 5 parts per million stress certain cold water fish, and a persistent loss of oxygen may eliminate or reduce habitat for sensitive cold water species. The outlet of Schoodic Brook hosts a run of rainbow smelts that are dipped by locals and provide forage for landlocked salmon.

The Natural Resources Conservation Service in Machias is administering federal USDA funds in a small watersheds program known as PL566. The program focus is the Pleasant and Narraguagus River Watersheds and they are in Phase one of a three phase process that conducts an assessment of issues and concerns in the watershed (Phase I), involves stakeholders in the creation of a management plan and response to the issues (Phase II), and seeks implementation resources (Phase III) to address watershed concerns. It is a flexible program that allows funds to be directed to municipalities and not just landowners or individual producers. Columbia could participate in this process and ensure that all available resources can be tapped in support of town goals.

Water withdrawals for irrigation of agricultural crops are of concern to some residents and there is discussion of the town regulating water withdrawals from surface waters. There are commercial production wells in the northwestern part of Columbia and surface water withdrawals also occur from Schoodic Lake, Duck Pond and Myers Pond. Surface water withdrawals in Cherryfield from Crane Pond are also of concern as these are the headwaters of the Harrington River tributaries that flow through Columbia. Concerns include the long-term impact of withdrawals of low water on Atlantic Salmon and other aquatic species such as native brook trout. The state legislature resolved in 2001, by Public Law 619 not to regulate water withdrawals in organized townships. Instead they chose to study the amounts and uses of existing water withdrawals and to develop a reporting system to gather this information. Columbia would like such studies to include the rivers within their boundaries.

Rivers, streams, and brooks
As defined by Maine's Natural Resources Protection Act, a river, stream, or brook is a channel that has defined banks (including a floodway and associated flood plain wetlands) created by the action of the surface water. Columbia’s rivers, streams and brooks include:

 * 1) Pleasant River, main stem (Pleasant River Watershed)
 * 2) Pleasant River, west branch (Pleasant River Watershed)
 * 3) Western Little River (Pleasant River Watershed)
 * 4) Trout Brook (Harrington River Watershed)
 * 5) Dorr Brook (Harrington River Watershed)
 * 6) Great Marsh Stream (Harrington River Watershed)
 * 7) Barney Brook (Harrington River Watershed)
 * 8) Bells Brook (West Branch Pleasant River Watershed)
 * 9) Branch Brook (West Branch Pleasant River Watershed)

Present land use regulations
Apart from the state-required minimums, the town of Columbia has a limited set of regulatory measures to affect the nature and pattern of development. Building permits are required. As noted in the housing chapter an ordinance was adopted on June 23, 1997, requiring the filing of a plan for building. Its stated purpose is to adopt an informational building permit to inform the town of impending growth and to regulate lot size (to not less than one acre). The defeat of a more complex ordinance a year later led to the mistaken belief that the 1997 ordinance had no effect. A notice will go out with the 2003 tax bill informing residents that the 1997 ordinance is in effect.

Development pressure
Columbia has experienced significant commercial growth along the Route 1 corridor, primarily in the Four Corners area. In addition to this commercial concentration on Route 1 the area known as Epping in the northeast corner of town contains the municipal offices, home based businesses and historic structures. Most new residential development has occurred along Webb District Road and Georgetown. In the absence of any permitting process in Columbia any individual lot can be developed throughout the town.

As in other towns in Washington County, large parcels of timberland are changing hands and undergoing intensive harvest. These lands are being converted from timber stands to wreath brush production. To date this conversion is in compliance with the Forest Practices Act. There is very little large scale subdivision activity in Columbia with only one large subdivision, Pine Island in the Great Heath, and a 5 lot subdivision for affordable house lots on Webb District Road, and a 7 lot subdivision on Carberry Road, which is off Sacarap Road.

There are no schools in Columbia and overall enrollment is declining. Because of the town's geography and population distribution, resident children attend two elementary schools, each in neighboring towns.

Notable person

 * Sara J. Dorr (1855–1924), temperance activist

title: Columbia, Maine


text:
Columbia Falls, Maine

Columbia Falls is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 476 at the 2020 census.

It derives its name from the Class I-III Rapids on the Pleasant River (Pleasant Bay) that flow through the town. Columbia Falls and its Washington County neighbor Columbia, Maine were once the same town. However in 1863 Columbia Falls formed its own town.

In 2023 the community gained national attention after a proposal to build the world's tallest flagpole (1,461 feet (445 meters) high -- taller than the Empire State Building) -- in a $1 billion project that includes a 4,000 seat auditorium in dubbed the Flagpole of Freedom Park.

The project has been proposed by local businessman Morrill Worcester whose company Worcester Wreath Co. which expanded to Wreaths Across America and donates more than one million wreaths to military cemeteries and gravesites around the world.

History
The town began as Township 13 SD, BPP, which was joined together with Township 12 by the Massachusetts General Court on February 8, 1796, and incorporated as Columbia. It was settled soon after the Revolutionary War. On March 25, 1863, the town was set off from Columbia and incorporated as Columbia Falls.

Lumbering and shipbuilding brought the town prosperity and endowed it with some fine early architecture. This includes the Ruggles House (1818–1820), an exquisite Federal home that is now a museum, and the Union Church (1849), a Greek Revival meeting house which since 1902 has housed the town hall, library and archives. The Washington County Railroad arrived at Columbia Falls in 1898. Tourism and harvesting blueberries are important industries today, together with producing Christmas trees and wreaths.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 24.67 sqmi, of which 24.55 sqmi is land and 0.12 sqmi is water. Columbia Falls is drained by the Pleasant River.

The town is crossed by U.S. Route 1 and Maine State Route 187.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 560 people, 257 households, and 157 families living in the town. The population density was 22.8 PD/sqmi. There were 301 housing units at an average density of 12.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 257 households, of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.9% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.71.

The median age in the town was 46 years. 18.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.4% were from 25 to 44; 32.5% were from 45 to 64; and 18.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 599 people, 251 households, and 168 families living in the town. The population density was 24.4 PD/sqmi. There were 310 housing units at an average density of 12.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.83% White, 0.83% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.67% from other races, and 0.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.67% of the population.

There were 251 households, out of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,864, and the median income for a family was $40,208. Males had a median income of $28,021 versus $19,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,723. About 12.9% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.1% of those under age 18 and 29.1% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

 * Ruggles House
 * Union Church, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Bucknam House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Samuel Bucknam House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Columbia House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places

Notable people

 * F. Eugene Farnsworth, Ku Klux Klan organizer
 * Irv Young, professional baseball player

title: Columbia Falls, Maine


text:
Cooper, Maine

Cooper is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The community was named after General John Cooper, a landowner. The population was 168 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 32.57 sqmi, of which 30.71 sqmi is land and 1.86 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 154 people, 66 households, and 47 families living in the town. The population density was 5.0 PD/sqmi. There were 167 housing units at an average density of 5.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.1% White, 0.6% African American, and 1.3% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 66 households, of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.8% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.70.

The median age in the town was 51.6 years. 16.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.8% were from 25 to 44; 40.3% were from 45 to 64; and 20.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.3% male and 48.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 145 people, 56 households, and 42 families living in the town. The population density was 4.7 PD/sqmi. There were 160 housing units at an average density of 5.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.55% White, 1.38% African American, 0.69% Asian, and 1.38% from two or more races.

There were 56 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $41,042. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $30,417 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,353. There were 5.4% of families and 8.8% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 9.5% of those over 64.

title: Cooper, Maine


text:
Crawford, Maine

Crawford is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The town was named after William H. Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury. The population was 93 at the 2020 census.

History
Crawford was incorporated on February 11, 1828, under the name Adams, presumably after then-incumbent President, John Q. Adams. The name was changed to Crawford only 17 days later on February 28, 1828, in honor of former Secretary of Treasury William H. Crawford of Georgia.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 37.78 sqmi, of which 34.52 sqmi is land and 3.26 sqmi is water.

Adjacent municipalities

 * No. 21 Township (north)
 * Alexander, Maine (east)
 * Cooper, Maine (southeast)
 * T19 ED BPP (south)
 * Wesley, Maine (southwest)
 * T26 ED BPP (west)

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 105 people, 48 households, and 32 families living in the town. The population density was 3.0 PD/sqmi. There were 118 housing units at an average density of 3.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 48 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.4% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.3% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.63.

The median age in the town was 50.5 years. 17.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 11.5% were from 25 to 44; 43.8% were from 45 to 64; and 22.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 44.8% male and 55.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 108 people, 41 households, and 31 families living in the town. The population density was 3.1 PD/sqmi. There were 99 housing units at an average density of 2.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.22% White, 0.93% Native American, 0.93% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

There were 41 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.0% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 1.9% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $27,083. Males had a median income of $46,250 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,864. There were 24.1% of families and 24.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 31.3% of under eighteens and 25.9% of those over 64.

title: Crawford, Maine


text:
Cutler, Maine

Cutler is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The town was named after Joseph Cutler, an early settler, who hailed from Newburyport, Massachusetts. The population was 524 at the 2020 census.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 507 people, 215 households, and 144 families living in the town. The population density was 10.8 PD/sqmi. There were 372 housing units at an average density of 7.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.1% White, 2.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 215 households, of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.0% were non-families. Of all households, 28.8% were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.87.

The median age in the town was 45.2 years. 24.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 30% were from 45 to 64; and 20.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 55.2% male and 44.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 623 people, 238 households, and 178 families living in the town. The population density was 13.3 PD/sqmi. There were 348 housing units at an average density of 7.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.47% White, 1.61% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.48% Asian, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.

There were 238 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. Of all households, 20.6% were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,625, and the median income for a family was $35,313. Males had a median income of $26,490 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,170. About 11.2% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 21.8% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 117.93 sqmi, of which 46.95 sqmi is land and 70.98 sqmi is water.

Points of interest

 * Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge
 * Cutler Naval Station, a huge station for transmitting signals in the VLF-range to submerged submarines, commanded by Bruce Flood
 * Little River Lighthouse, a historic lighthouse located on a 15-acre island in Cutler's harbor.

Notable person

 * Blanche Craig (1866–1940), actress

title: Cutler, Maine


text:
Danforth, Maine

Danforth is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The town was named for proprietor Thomas Danforth. The population was 587 at the 2020 census. The town contains the villages of Danforth and Eaton. East Grand High School is located in Danforth.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 60.46 sqmi, of which 54 sqmi is land and 6.46 sqmi is water.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Danforth has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

2010 census
At the 2010 census there were 589 people, 249 households, and 164 families living in the town. The population density was 10.9 PD/sqmi. There were 582 housing units at an average density of 10.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.6% White, 0.2% African American, 1.2% Native American, 1.0% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.2%.

Of the 249 households 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.1% were non-families. 29.7% of households were one person and 10.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.76.

The median age in the town was 46.3 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 30.6% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census there were 629 people, 263 households, and 175 families living in the town. The population density was 11.6 PD/sqmi. There were 544 housing units at an average density of 10.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.68% White, 0.16% Native American and 0.16% Asian. Of the 263 households 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 30.4% of households were one person and 16.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.84.

The age distribution was 23.7% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median household income was $20,769 and the median family income was $25,341. Males had a median income of $32,083 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,079. About 21.6% of families and 23.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.2% of those under age 18 and 18.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Danforth, Maine


text:
Deblois, Maine

Deblois is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The town was named after T.A. Deblois, president of the Bank of Portland. The population was 74 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.09 sqmi, of which 35.84 sqmi is land and 0.25 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 57 people, 27 households, and 17 families living in the town. The population density was 1.6 PD/sqmi. There were 65 housing units at an average density of 1.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.7% White, 1.8% Native American, and 3.5% from two or more races.

There were 27 households, of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.0% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.65.

The median age in the town was 45.8 years. 19.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.1% were from 25 to 44; 28% were from 45 to 64; and 24.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 52.6% male and 47.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 49 people, 20 households, and 15 families living in the town. The population density was 1.5 PD/sqmi. There were 57 housing units at an average density of 1.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98% White and 2% Native American.

There were 20 households, out of which 30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45% were married couples living together, 10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25% were non-families. 25% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 2.7.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22% under the age of 18, 8% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 31% from 45 to 64, and 6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 113 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $18,750, and the median income for a family was $16,875. Males had a median income of $17,083 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,814. 20% of the population and 20% of families were below the poverty line. 0% of those under the age of 18 and 43% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

title: Deblois, Maine


text:
Dennysville, Maine

Dennysville is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 300 at the 2020 census.

History
Dennysville takes its name from the Dennys River. It was first settled by a group of sixteen men who came by boat from Hingham, Massachusetts. They arrived on the river shore on May 17, 1786.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 15.28 sqmi, of which 14.92 sqmi is land and 0.36 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 342 people, 154 households, and 96 families living in the town. The population density was 22.9 PD/sqmi. There were 189 housing units at an average density of 12.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.4% White, 0.6% Native American, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 154 households, of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.7% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the town was 48.6 years. 19.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.3% were from 25 to 44; 34.5% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.8% male and 53.2% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 319 people, 140 households and 95 families living in the town. The population density was 21.6 per square mile (8.3/km$2$). There were 201 housing units at an average density of 13.6 per square mile (5.3/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 99.37% White, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.31% of the population.

There were 140 households, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.79.

24.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.

The median household income was $20,000 and the median family income was $28,750. Males had a median income of $27,292 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,336. About 20.8% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.9% of those under age 18 and 29.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Dennysville, Maine


text:
East Machias, Maine

East Machias is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States on the East Machias River. At the 2020 census, the town population was 1,326. It is the home of Washington Academy, a private school founded in 1792.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 40.02 sqmi, of which 34.81 sqmi is land and 5.21 sqmi is water.

2014 American Community Survey
As of the 2014 American Community Survey the largest self-reported ethnic/ancestry groups in the town of East Machias were English at 24.4%, Irish at 15.4%, German at 14.4% and those who identified as being American ancestry at 7.1%.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,368 people, 582 households, and 377 families living in the town. The population density was 39.3 PD/sqmi. There were 845 housing units at an average density of 24.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.9% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.7% Asian, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 582 households, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.2% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the town was 44.6 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 33.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,298 people, 540 households, and 370 families living in the town. The population density was 36.9 PD/sqmi. There were 776 housing units at an average density of 22.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.84% White, 0.31% Native American, 0.08% Asian, and 0.77% from two or more races.

There were 540 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,073, and the median income for a family was $32,065. Males had a median income of $26,364 versus $19,118 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,254. About 12.2% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 20.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Maj. Gen. John Caldwell, played a central role in the Battle of Gettysburg
 * Austin Cary, forester
 * Samuel Harris, President of Bowdoin College and later professor at Yale University
 * Martha Seavey Hoyt, biographer, newspaper correspondent, and businesswoman
 * Alfred Stone, architect, founding partner of Stone, Carpenter, and Willson
 * William Stone, Attorney General of South Carolina

title: East Machias, Maine


text:
Eastport, Maine

Eastport is a city and archipelago in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,288 at the 2020 census, making Eastport the least-populous city in Maine. The principal island is Moose Island, which is connected to the mainland by a causeway. Eastport is the easternmost city in the continental United States (although the nearby town of Lubec is the easternmost municipality).

History
The native Passamaquoddy Tribe has called this area home for at least 10,000 years. Some archeologists estimate the habitation at 20,000 years. The first known European contact was the St. Croix colony founded by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1604. Near present-day Calais, the unsuccessful Saint Croix Island Acadia settlement predates the first successful English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia, by three years. On June 25, 1604, Champlain and his men spent a long and severe winter on St. Croix Island with no fresh water and diminished supplies. Two-fifths of the men died of scurvy, and the colony moved across the Bay of Fundy to Port Royal in present-day Nova Scotia.

Fishermen and traders visited the area in the 17th century. Moose Island was first settled in 1772 by James Cochrane of Newburyport, Massachusetts, who would be joined by other fishermen from Newburyport and Portsmouth, New Hampshire. On February 24, 1798, Eastport was incorporated as a town from Plantation Number 8 PS by the Massachusetts General Court, and named for being the easternmost port in the United States. Lubec, on the mainland, was set off and incorporated as a town on June 21, 1811.

From 1807 to 1809, the town was a center of extensive two-way smuggling during the Embargo Act imposed by President Thomas Jefferson. In 1809, Fort Sullivan was erected atop a village hill, but it was captured by a British fleet under command of Sir Thomas Hardy on July 11, 1814, during the War of 1812 as part of the initiative to establish the colony of New Ireland. England claimed that Moose Island was on the British side of the international border which had been determined in 1783. Nevertheless, the town was returned to the control of the United States in 1818. The boundary between the U.S. and Canada in the area remained disputed until settled by the Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842. Eastport is the location most recently occupied by a foreign country in the contiguous United States.

In 1833, Eastport was the second largest trading port in the country after New York City. Farms produced hay and potatoes. Industries included a grain mill, box factory and carding mill. But the island's economy was primarily directed at the sea. With tides of about 25 ft, Eastport's spacious harbor remained ice-free year round. The first sardine factory was built here about 1875. The population grew with the emergence of the sardine fishery and related canning businesses, which studded the shoreline by the end of the 19th century. By 1886, the town contained 13 sardine factories, which operated day and night during the season, and produced approximately 5,000 cases per week. About 800 men, women and children worked in the plants. Eastport would be incorporated as a city on March 3, 1893. But the fishing industry would decline, and many people moved away. Indeed, the city went bankrupt in 1937. In 1976, the Groundhog Day Gale destroyed many structures along the waterfront. Today, catching fish remains the principal industry, although tourism has become important as well.

Eastport is a port of entry. An international ferry crosses to Deer Island, New Brunswick, during the summer months. Each 4th of July, the city becomes a destination for thousands of celebrants. Navy ships have docked there during the 4th of July celebration for many years. Eastport celebrated its bicentennial in 1998. Each September, the city hosts the annual Maine Salmon Festival in the historic downtown district. There is also a Pirate Festival the weekend after Labor Day, 2023 marks the 19th year of the festival.

Independence Day

Independence Day in Eastport includes "Old Home Week", a celebration of the birth of both Canada and the United States, which traditionally begins on Canada Day and continues through U.S. Independence Day. Eastport hosts the largest Fourth of July celebration in Maine. Events include the Grand Independence Parade (with considerable participation of its Canadian neighbors), fireworks over the Bay of Fundy, free entertainment at Overlook Park, greasy pole and water sports, an antique car show, and contests and games for all ages with prizes. Since 1905, U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard ships have made a port call over the 4th and provided free tours.

New Year's Eve
Beginning in 2004, Eastport began the new year with the drop of a sardine and maple leaf.

Geography
Eastport is the easternmost city in the United States; Lubec is farther east but is a town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.34 sqmi, of which 3.63 sqmi is land and 8.71 sqmi is water. Eastport is located on the southeasterly part of Moose Island, which lies between Cobscook Bay to the west and Passamaquoddy Bay to the east. The city faces Deer Island to the northeast and Campobello Island to the southeast—both in Canada.

Old Sow, the largest tidal whirlpool in the Western Hemisphere, sits on the international boundary between Eastport and Deer Island.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm (and often humid) summers and long, cold (sometimes severely cold) and snowy winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Eastport has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics
The population peaked at 5,311 in 1900. It has fallen more or less constantly since then to its population of 1,288 at the 2020 census.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,331 people, 670 households, and 355 families residing in the city. The population density was 366.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,083 housing units at an average density of 298.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.0% White, 0.8% African American, 3.6% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 670 households, of which 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.0% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.56.

The median age in the city was 54.5 years. 14.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.6% were from 25 to 44; 38.2% were from 45 to 64; and 26.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,640 people, 750 households, and 444 families residing in the city. The population density was 447.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,061 housing units at an average density of 289.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.60% White, 0.37% African American, 3.96% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.

There were 750 households, out of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,488, and the median income for a family was $31,328. Males had a median income of $22,875 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,864. About 11.2% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over.

Twin towns

 * 🇮🇸 Húsavík, Iceland

Education
Shead Memorial High School in Eastport was named to the 2009 "America's Best High Schools" list by U.S. News & World Report. The Peavey Memorial Library has been open since 1893.

Notable people

 * William Beale, author, violinist, and businessman
 * Kimball Bent, soldier and adventurer
 * Nathaniel Butler Jr., educator
 * Joseph S. Cony, U.S. naval officer
 * George Pearse Ennis, artist
 * John C. Grady, Pennsylvania lawyer and politician
 * George S. Greene, soldier
 * Harry G. Hamlet, Commandant of the Coast Guard, 1932–1936
 * Otis Tufton Mason, ethnologist
 * Joseph C. Noyes, U.S. congressman
 * Mary Hayden Pike, author
 * Timothy Pilsbury, U.S. congressman
 * Kevin Raye, state senator
 * Lorenzo Sabine, U.S. congressman
 * Karl Turner, state legislator

title: Eastport, Maine


text:
Grand Lake Stream, Maine

Grand Lake Stream is a plantation in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 125 at the 2020 census.

The town Grand Lake Stream is named after the stream that flows through it, which is notable for its excellent landlocked salmon fishery and a fishing tradition that dates to the middle of the 19th century. It also has a long, local tradition of hand-built wooden canoes, ideal for navigating the waters of nearby West Grand Lake.

While the year-round population of Grand Lake Stream is relatively small, there are many visitors in the spring, summer and fall for fishing, hunting, and general relaxation purpose. There are a number of lodges, cabins, and guiding services available. There is also a very active local land trust based in the middle of town, which owns and manages a large portion of the nearby forests and wetlands. Each summer, Grand Lake Stream is also the site of a meeting of prominent American economists.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the plantation has a total area of 48.7 sqmi, of which 44.2 sqmi is land and 4.5 sqmi, or 9.26%, is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Grand Lake Stream has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 150 people, 76 households, and 49 families residing in the plantation. The population density was 3.4 PD/sqmi. There were 243 housing units at an average density of 5.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the plantation was 96.00% White, 1.33% Native American, 0.67% Asian, and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.67% of the population. The local Native American community is part of the Passamaquoddy people.

There were 76 households, out of which 14.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.43.

In the plantation the population was spread out, with 10.7% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 16.7% from 25 to 44, 45.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.

The median income for a household in the plantation was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the plantation was $17,502. There were 25.0% of families and 24.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 34.5% of under eighteens and 9.4% of those over 64.

Notable person

 * Buffalo Bob Smith, host of Howdy Doody

title: Grand Lake Stream, Maine


text:
Harrington, Maine

Harrington is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 962 at the 2020 census. Harrington is an old seafaring and shipbuilding village.

History
Originally called Plantation Number 5, it was one of six townships east of the Union River granted in 1762 by the Massachusetts General Court to an association of petitioners. First settled about 1765, it had a population of 177 on June 17, 1797, when incorporated as Harrington.

Farmers grew wheat and potatoes in the town's sandy loam. Harrington developed a considerable trade in lumber, and by 1859 contained two sawmills, three shingle mills and two lath mills. There was a gristmill, two brickyards, a tannery, and eighteen shipbuilders. In 1886, industries also included a sailmaker, and a boot and shoe manufacturer. Gallison Memorial Library still operates a limited schedule in Harrington.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 50.31 sqmi, of which 21.11 sqmi is land and 29.20 sqmi is water. The town is at the head of Narraguagus Bay, and situated beside Harrington Bay and Pleasant Bay on the Gulf of Maine. It is drained by Curtis Creek, the Mill River and the Harrington River.

Harrington is crossed by U.S. Route 1 and U.S. Route 1A. It is bordered by the towns of Milbridge to the west, Cherryfield to the northwest, Columbia to the north, and Addison to the east.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,004 people, 419 households, and 290 families living in the town. The population density was 47.6 PD/sqmi. There were 675 housing units at an average density of 32.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.4% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 419 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.8% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.76.

The median age in the town was 44.9 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 882 people, 364 households, and 256 families living in the town. The population density was 41.7 PD/sqmi. There were 563 housing units at an average density of 26.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.07% White, 0.11% Native American, 0.57% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.70% of the population.

There were 364 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,579, and the median income for a family was $29,211. Males had a median income of $24,038 versus $16,447 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,224. About 14.9% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.9% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education

 * The town is home to Narraguagus High School.

Notable people

 * Irv Ray, MLB player, Boston Beaneaters, Baltimore Orioles
 * Tiffany Strout, member of the Maine House of Representatives

title: Harrington, Maine


text:
Jonesboro, Maine

Jonesboro is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The town was named for John Coffin Jones, a landholder. The population was 587 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 38.36 sqmi, of which 36.58 sqmi is land and 1.78 sqmi is water.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Jonesboro has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 583 people, 256 households, and 151 families living in the town. The population density was 15.9 PD/sqmi. There were 332 housing units at an average density of 9.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.7% White, 0.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 256 households, of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the town was 45.2 years. 21.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.7% were from 25 to 44; 34.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 594 people, 257 households, and 172 families living in the town. The population density was 16.2 PD/sqmi. There were 325 housing units at an average density of 8.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.33% White, 0.17% African American, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.

There were 257 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,639, and the median income for a family was $36,458. Males had a median income of $31,389 versus $20,956 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,418. About 9.6% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Area schools include Jonesboro Elementary School, Rose M. Gaffney Elementary School, Washington Academy, and Machias Memorial High School.

Notable people

 * Nathaniel Farnsworth, politician
 * Tom Selleck, actor, film producer

title: Jonesboro, Maine


text:
Jonesport, Maine

Jonesport is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,245 at the 2020 census. Jonesport is a fishing and lobstering town. It contains the villages or hamlets of Jonesport, Mason Bay, Monsapec, and West Jonesport.

History
Settled before the American Revolution, Jonesport was part of a grant of 48160 acre made by the Massachusetts General Court in 1789 to John C. Jones and others. It was incorporated on March 4, 1809, as Jonesborough. On February 3, 1832, a portion of Jonesborough was set off and incorporated as Jones' Port. Then a portion of Jonesport was set off and incorporated on April 7, 1925, as the island town of Beals, accessible by bridge, built in 1958, across the Moosabec Reach.

Located on a peninsula 6 mi out in the Gulf of Maine, the town's principal industries are fishing, boat building, harvesting blueberries, and tourist services. Jonesport includes many uninhabited islands which provide nesting areas for eider, cormorants, seagulls, razorbills, guillemots, loons, black scoters, grebes and eagles. There are two nature preserves: Western Brothers Island and the Great Wass Archipelago (which includes Great Wass Island), the latter shared with the town of Beals.

In 1866, a group of Christian restorationists sailed from Jonesport to Ottoman-occupied Palestine in the hope of preparing the land for the Jews to return, thereby hastening the coming of the Christian Messiah. The Maine Friendship House, a small, wooden clapboard New England–style house built by one of those families, still stands in modern Tel Aviv.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 100.35 sqmi, of which 28.51 sqmi is land and 71.84 sqmi is water. Jonesport is situated on a peninsula between Chandler Bay, Wohoa Bay and the tidal Indian River, all part of the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic Ocean. Roque Island, Chandler Island, Great Spruce Island, and several others are located offshore, separating Chandler Bay from Englishman Bay.

The town is crossed by Maine State Route 187. It is bordered by the towns of Addison to the west, Jonesboro to the north, and Beals to the south.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,370 people, 599 households, and 384 families living in the town. The population density was 48.1 PD/sqmi. There were 939 housing units at an average density of 32.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.1% White, 0.1% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 599 households, of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.9% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.69.

The median age in the town was 49 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.3% were from 25 to 44; 30.7% were from 45 to 64; and 24.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,408 people, 597 households, and 397 families living in the town. The population density was 49.4 PD/sqmi. There were 877 housing units at an average density of 30.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.80% White, 0.28% African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.

There were 597 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.0% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,224, and the median income for a family was $30,474. Males had a median income of $22,917 versus $15,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,135. About 14.7% of families and 19.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.4% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

 * Jonesport Historical Society
 * Moose Peak Light
 * Peabody Memorial Library

Education
Jonesport is part of the Moosabec Community School District and School Union No. 103. The three schools in the district are Beals Elementary School, Jonesport Elementary School and Jonesport-Beals High School.

Notable people

 * Marv Peasley, pitcher for the Detroit Tigers
 * Dana Sawyer, professor of religion and philosophy

title: Jonesport, Maine


text:
Lubec, Maine

Lubec is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. It is the easternmost municipality in the contiguous U.S. (see extreme points of the United States) and is the country's closest continental location to Africa.

The town, with a population of 1,237 at the 2020 census, is home to Quoddy Head State Park.

History
Located on a peninsula overlooking an ice-free harbor, the town was first settled about 1775. Originally part of Eastport, it was set off and incorporated on June 21, 1811, and named for Lübeck, Germany. Following the War of 1812, Lubec was the site of considerable smuggling trade in gypsum, although principal industries remained agriculture and fisheries. By 1859, there was a tannery, three gristmills and nine sawmills; by 1886, there were also two shipyards, three boatbuilders and three sailmakers.

From 1897 to 1898, the town was the site of a swindle in the sale of stock in the Electrolytic Marine Salts Company, the brainchild of Reverend Prescott Jernegan and Charles Fisher of Martha's Vineyard. Jernegan claimed to have developed a method of using "accumulators" to get gold from sea water, and bought an old grist mill to turn it into a factory. The scheme attracted an abundance of investors, who were all too eager to funnel money into the company after being promised astronomical returns. In the summer of 1898, work was suspended without explanation. Jernegan and Smith vanished, and the fraud was gleefully exposed by newspapers across New England.

Lubec reached its population peak in the 1910s and 1920s, hovering a little above 3,300. Since then, the population has generally been in a gradual but steady decline. As of 2020, its population had fallen to 1,237.

Geography
Lubec is located in northeastern Maine, at 44.86056°N, -66.98472°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 78.38 sqmi, of which 33.25 sqmi is land and 45.13 sqmi is water. Lubec is located on a peninsula in Passamaquoddy Bay, slightly south of Eastport. The West Quoddy Head is southeast.

Lubec is the easternmost town of the contiguous United States. West Quoddy Head in Lubec is the easternmost point in the contiguous United States, located at 44.815°N, -66.95028°W longitude. It is adjacent to the Quoddy Narrows, a narrow strait between Canada and the United States, one of the entrances into Passamaquoddy Bay. Since 1808, West Quoddy Head Lighthouse has been on the site to guide ships through this waterway. The present lighthouse with its distinctive red-and-white stripes was built in 1858.

Lubec is crossed by Maine State Route 189. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge connects the town to Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Canada.

Sites of interest

 * Lubec Channel Light

Bay of Fundy International Marathon
The Bay of Fundy International Marathon is a marathon between Lubec and Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Canada. A 10K is also organized alongside the marathon. The 10K takes place entirely within Lubec.

The race begins at West Quoddy Head Lighthouse, which is the easternmost point in the United States. Runners cross the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge connecting Maine to New Brunswick and run until they reach Head Harbour Lighthouse (East Quoddy Lighthouse), at which time the runners turn around and return to Lubec.

The first marathon was run in 2013. It included over 500 registered runners and was held in June. The race provided significant economic benefits to the area. The 2014 edition featured fewer runners (286 total). The organizers attributed the decrease to the "Boston effect", whereby marathon runners chose other marathons to run in order to qualify for the 2014 Boston Marathon.

Climate
Lubec has a humid continental climate with mild summers and cold winters. Generally speaking, it is relatively cold for its coastline position at 44 degrees latitude, but milder in winter than nearby Machias due to moderate warming by the adjacent waters of the Atlantic. The climate is similar to that of nearby Eastport. The Weather Channel provides interpolated climate data based on nearby areas.

Demographics
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the town was $20,565, and the median income for a family was $26,098. Males had a median income of $25,170 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,081. About 20.3% of families and 28.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.6% of those under age 18 and 20.6% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,359 people, 682 households, and 356 families residing in the town. The population density was 40.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,147 housing units at an average density of 34.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town saw 97.7% White, 0.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 682 households, of which 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.8% were non-families. Of all households 41.9% were made up of individuals, and 20.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.58.

The median age in the town was 54 years. 14.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.4% were from 25 to 44; 36.9% were from 45 to 64; and 28.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

Education
Lubec Consolidated School belongs to Maine School Administrative District #19. Kenneth Johnson is the Superintendent of Schools.

Notable people

 * Myron Avery, lawyer, explorer
 * James Henry Carleton, brevet major general in the U.S. Army
 * Hazel Marion Eaton, daredevil, shallow diver, long distance swimmer, hoop roller, motordome thrill racer – one of the "mile a minute girls". Close friend of Beatrice Houdini
 * Albert Brewer Guptill, author and photographer
 * Sumner Pike, member of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, member of the Atomic Energy Commission
 * Hopley Yeaton, ship captain, considered the "Father of the US Coast Guard"

title: Lubec, Maine


text:
Machiasport, Maine

Machiasport is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 962 at the 2020 census. Machiasport is a historic seaport and tourist destination.

History
In 1633, the Plymouth Company established a trading post here to conduct business with the Native Americans. But this was part of Acadia, territory which New France considered its own. So in 1634, the trading post was sacked by French forces from Port Royal under the command of Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour. In 1770, the area was granted by the Massachusetts General Court to 80 petitioners, 54 from Scarborough. It was first part of Machias, incorporated in 1784, then set off and incorporated as Machiasport in 1826.

In 1775, following the capture of the British ship HMS Margaretta by locals under leadership of Jeremiah O'Brien, the residents built a small breastworks here to guard the mouth of the Machias River and the area settlements. Later that year, the British sent four ships under the command of Sir George Collier that defeated the local militia, destroyed the breastworks, and burned several buildings. In 1777, the fort was rebuilt as a crescent shaped four-gun battery. In 1781 it was made part of the national defense and named Fort O'Brien. In 1808–1809, Lemuel Trescott of Eastport oversaw the construction of a blockhouse, barracks and battery. During the War of 1812, in September 1814 the British captured the fort and burnt the barracks.

In 1863, during the American Civil War, Fort Machias was built adjacent to the ruins of Fort O'Brien. It was a five-gun earthworks fort with Napoleon 12-pound cannon. It was actively manned from 1863 to 1865. In 1923, the U.S. government transferred the sites of both forts to the state of Maine. As of 2006, they are managed as a historic site by the Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands. In 1969, they were added to the National Register of Historic Places, as structure #69000024.

Machiasport has been the setting of several ethnographic documentary films about its inhabitants by the anthropologist and filmmaker Anna Grimshaw.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 61.61 sqmi, of which 21.41 sqmi is land and 40.20 sqmi is water. Drained by the Machias River, the town is located at the head of Machias Bay on the Gulf of Maine, part of the Atlantic Ocean.

The town is crossed by state routes 92 and 191. It is bordered by the towns of East Machias to the north, Whiting to the northeast, Machias to the west, and (separated by water) is near Cutler to the east, and Roque Bluffs to the southwest.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,119 people, 410 households, and 277 families residing in the town. The population density was 52.3 PD/sqmi. There were 611 housing units at an average density of 28.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.1% White, 0.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.

There were 410 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.4% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the town was 43.3 years. 17.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 30.5% were from 45 to 64; and 18.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 56.3% male and 43.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,160 people, 413 households, and 289 families residing in the town. The population density was 54.3 PD/sqmi. There were 576 housing units at an average density of 27.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.50% White, 0.09% African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.26% Asian, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population.

There were 413 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,531, and the median income for a family was $32,279. Males had a median income of $29,643 versus $20,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,727. About 11.8% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

 * Fort O'Brien State Historic Site
 * Larrabee Heath
 * Liberty Lighthouse—designed by Alexander Parris
 * Liberty Hall (1873)
 * Machiasport Historical Society & Museum
 * Jasper Beach

Notable people

 * Francis Gano Benedict, nutritionist
 * William Coperthwaite, naturalist
 * David Freedberg, professor

title: Machiasport, Maine