text:
The Quarrymen

The Quarrymen (also written as "the Quarry Men") are a British skiffle/rock and roll group, formed by John Lennon in Liverpool in 1956, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. Originally consisting of Lennon and several school friends, the Quarrymen took their name from a line in the school song of their school, the Quarry Bank High School. Lennon's mother, Julia, taught her son to play the banjo, showed Lennon and Eric Griffiths how to tune their guitars in a similar way to the banjo, and taught them simple chords and songs.

Lennon founded a skiffle group with his close friend Pete Shotton and after a week of gaining new members, they named themselves The Quarrymen. The Quarrymen played at parties, school dances, cinemas and amateur skiffle contests before Paul McCartney joined in early July, 1957. George Harrison joined in early 1958 at McCartney's recommendation, though Lennon initially resisted because he felt Harrison (14 when he was introduced to Lennon) was too young. McCartney and Harrison attended the Liverpool Institute.

The group made an amateur recording in 1958, performing Buddy Holly's "That'll Be the Day" and "In Spite of All the Danger", a song written by McCartney and Harrison. The group moved towards rock and roll, causing several of the original members to leave. This left Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison, who performed under several other names, including Johnny and the Moondogs, Japage 3, and Long John and the Silver Beatles before returning to the Quarrymen name in 1959. In 1960, the group changed their name to "The Beatles" (chosen for its double meaning and as a wink to Buddy Holly's band, "The Crickets").

In 1997, the four surviving original members of the Quarrymen reunited to perform at the 40th anniversary celebrations of the garden fête performance at which Lennon had first met McCartney. Since 1998, they have performed in countries outside the UK and released four albums. Three original members still perform as the Quarrymen.

Formation and early performances
In the mid-1950s, there was a revival in the United Kingdom of the musical form "skiffle" that had originated in the United States and had been popular in the US in the 1920s, '30s and '40s. In addition to its popularity among British teenagers as music to listen to, it also spawned a craze of teenage boys starting their own groups to perform the music. One of the primary attractions was that it did not require great musical skills or expensive instruments to be played. Early British skiffle was played by traditional jazz musicians, with the most successful British proponent of the genre in the 1950s being Lonnie Donegan. The Quarrymen's initial repertoire included several songs that Donegan had recorded. When Lennon wanted to try making music himself, he and fellow Quarry Bank school friend, Griffiths, took guitar lessons in Hunt's Cross, Liverpool, although Lennon gave up the lessons soon after, as they were based on theory and not actual playing.

As Griffiths already knew how to play the banjo, Lennon's mother showed them how to tune the top four strings of their guitars to the same notes as a banjo, and taught them the chords of D, C, and D7, as well as the Fats Domino song, "Ain't That a Shame". They practised at Lennon's aunt's house (called Mendips) at 251 Menlove Avenue where Lennon lived, or at Griffiths' house in Halewood Drive. They learned how to play Lonnie Donegan's "Rock Island Line", "Jump Down Turn Around (Pick a Bale of Cotton)", "Alabamy Bound" and "Cumberland Gap", and later learned how to play two of Elvis Presley's first hits, "That's All Right" and "Mean Woman Blues".

Lennon and Griffiths decided to form a skiffle group in November 1956. This initial line-up consisted of Lennon and Griffiths on guitars, Pete Shotton on washboard, and school friend Bill Smith on tea-chest bass. Both Lennon and Shotton have been credited with coining the name Quarrymen after a line in their school's song: 'Quarrymen, old before our birth. Straining each muscle and sinew.' The choice of name was tongue-in-cheek as Lennon regarded the reference in the school song to "straining each muscle and sinew" as risible. Smith's tenure in the band was extremely short, and he was replaced in quick succession by Nigel Walley, Ivan Vaughan, and Len Garry throughout late 1956 and early 1957. Also during this period, drummer Colin Hanton and banjo player Rod Davis joined the group. This group of Lennon, Griffiths, Shotton, Garry, Hanton, and Davis formed the first stable line-up of the group. The group first rehearsed in Shotton's house on Vale Road, but because of the noise, his mother told them to use the corrugated air-raid shelter in the back garden. Rehearsals were moved from the cold air-raid shelter to Hanton's or Griffiths' house — as Griffiths' father had died in WWII, and his mother worked all day. The band also often visited Lennon's mother at 1 Blomfield Road, listening to her collection of rock and roll records by Elvis, Shirley and Lee's "Let the Good Times Roll", and Gene Vincent's "Be-Bop-A-Lula" which they added to their repertoire. After his tenure on tea-chest bass, Walley became the group's manager. He sent flyers to local theatres and ballrooms, and put up posters designed by Lennon: "Country-and-western, rock n' roll, skiffle band — The Quarrymen — Open for Engagements — Please Call Nigel Walley, Tel. Gateacre 1715". Walley managed to secure the group several paid engagements throughout the spring of 1957, including one at The Cavern Club. A jazz club at the time, the Cavern tolerated skiffle as it was considered an offshoot of jazz. Lennon, however, began leading the band in several rock and roll numbers, prompting the club's manager to send up a note ordering the group to "cut out the bloody rock".

In July 1957, Canadian impresario Carroll Levis held a talent contest in Liverpool, the winners of which would appear on the television series Star Search. The Quarrymen played Lonnie Donegan's "Worried Man Blues", and were loudly applauded, but a group from Wales (called the Sunnyside Skiffle Group) "jumped all over the stage" and outshone the static Quarrymen, and were asked by Levis to fill in the last few minutes of the contest with a second song. Lennon argued heatedly with Levis backstage, saying the Sunnyside Skiffle Group had brought a bus full of supporters with them, and were given "the upper hand" advantage by Levis. After the competition, Levis used a clap-o-meter (a machine to measure the decibels of the audience's reaction to the groups) as they were asked to walk back out onto the stage. The Quarrymen and the Sunnyside Skiffle Group tied by both reaching ninety on the meter, but after a second test, the Quarrymen lost by a small margin.

Paul McCartney joins the group
On 6 July 1957, The Quarrymen played at the St. Peter's Church Rose Queen garden fête in Woolton. They first played on the back of a moving flatbed lorry, in a procession of floats that carried the Rose Queen and retiring Rose Queen, Morris dancers, Boy Scouts, Brownies, Girl Guides and Cubs, led by the Band of the Cheshire Yeomanry. At 4:15, they played on a permanent stage in the field behind the church, before a display by the City of Liverpool Police Dogs. They were playing "Come Go with Me" when Paul McCartney arrived, and in the Scout hut after the set, Ivan Vaughan introduced McCartney to Lennon, who chatted for a few minutes before the band set up in the church hall for their performance at that evening's "Grand Dance". McCartney demonstrated how he tuned his guitar and then sang Eddie Cochran's "Twenty Flight Rock", Gene Vincent's "Be-Bop-a-Lula", and a medley of Little Richard songs.

Vaughan and McCartney left before the evening show which started at 8 o'clock. During the performance, there was an unexpected thunderstorm, which made the lights go out. Bob Molyneux, a young schoolmate from Quarry Bank, recorded part of the performance on his Grundig TK8 portable reel-to-reel tape recorder. The tape included versions of Lonnie Donegan's "Puttin' On the Style" and Elvis' "Baby Let's Play House". In 1963, Molyneux offered the tape to Lennon via Ringo Starr, but Lennon never responded, so Molyneux put the tape in a vault.

As they were walking home after the evening performance, Lennon and Shotton discussed the afternoon encounter with McCartney, and Lennon said that perhaps they should invite McCartney to join the band. Two weeks later, Shotton encountered McCartney cycling through Woolton, and conveyed Lennon's casual invitation for him to join the Quarrymen, and Vaughan also invited McCartney to join. McCartney said he would join after Scout camp in Hathersage, Derbyshire, and a holiday with his family at the Butlin's holiday camp in Filey, North Yorkshire. Shotton and Davis both left the Quarrymen in August, feeling that the group was moving away from skiffle and towards rock, leaving their instruments superfluous. When McCartney returned from holiday, he began rehearsing with the Quarrymen, playing songs such as "Bye Bye Love" (The Everly Brothers) and "All Shook Up", which Lennon and the group had been trying to learn, without success.

McCartney made his debut with the band on 18 October 1957 at a Conservative Club social held at the New Clubmoor Hall in the Norris Green section of Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney wore cream-coloured sports jackets, which were paid for by the whole group—Walley collected half a crown per week from each member until they were paid for — and the others wore white shirts with tassels and black bootlace ties. To the irritation of the other group members, McCartney endlessly practised the lead guitar intro to "Raunchy". The Quarrymen continued to play sparse gigs throughout the autumn of 1957, mostly for local promoter Charlie McBain. During this period, the group almost entirely excised skiffle from their repertoire, focusing on covers of songs by rock and roll singers such as Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Little Richard, and Larry Williams, and the Quarrymen's sound increasingly relied on harmony singing between Lennon and McCartney. An extremely important influence for them at the time was Buddy Holly and his group the Crickets. Around this time, Lennon and McCartney both started writing songs influenced by Holly – Lennon's "Hello Little Girl" and McCartney's "I Lost My Little Girl" – and both were impressed with each other's efforts. The two young men began writing together.

George Harrison's entry and recording
After McCartney's poor performance on lead guitar at the Conservative Club, the group needed another guitarist to accommodate their new rock-focused repertoire; McCartney recommended his school friend George Harrison. Harrison first saw the group perform on 6 February 1958 at Wilson Hall, where McCartney introduced him to Lennon. Harrison subsequently auditioned for The Quarrymen in March at Rory Storm's Morgue Skiffle Club, playing "Guitar Boogie Shuffle". Lennon thought Harrison (having just turned 15) was too young to join the band, so McCartney engineered another meeting on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, where Harrison played "Raunchy" for Lennon. After McCartney's constant advocacy, Lennon allowed Harrison to join the Quarrymen as lead guitarist. Harrison's entry into the Quarrymen shifted the group even more away from skiffle, in addition to ending Lennon's use of banjo chords. Around this time, John Duff Lowe, another school friend of McCartney, joined the group on piano.

With Harrison's entry, the Quarrymen now had four guitarists. Lennon and McCartney suggested to Griffiths that he instead buy a bass guitar, but Griffiths refused because of the expense. The two subsequently convinced Nigel Walley, still acting as the group's manager, to fire Griffiths. Walley regretted the incident, and as a result gradually severed his ties with the Quarrymen. Around this same time, Len Garry contracted tubercular meningitis, and spent seven months in the hospital, never playing with the group again. This left Colin Hanton as the last of the group of Lennon's Quarry Bank classmates that originally comprised the group. In March, McCartney bought an Elpico amplifier with two inputs, and he and Harrison added pickups to their guitars, giving the Quarrymen an electric sound for the first time.

Percy Phillips operated a studio called Phillips' Sound Recording Services at 38 Kensington, Liverpool, between the kitchen and a front room that served as an electrical goods shop. Actors from the Liverpool Playhouse often stayed in the room above the studio, and were asked by Phillips to record monologues and poems. Phillips had just turned 60 years old when Harrison heard about the studio from guitarist Johnny Byrne of the Raving Texans, who had recorded a version of "Butterfly" there on 22 June 1957. The Quarrymen booked a recording session on 12 July 1958. They recorded straight to disc, as tape would have been an extra expense. The sound was recorded live by a single microphone in the centre of the room, and Lennon suggested that Hanton put a scarf over the snare drum to lower the volume. They first recorded "In Spite of All the Danger" a McCartney original (credited as McCartney/Harrison) followed by Buddy Holly's "That'll Be the Day". Both feature Lennon on lead vocals. When the recording was finished, Phillips handed the group a fragile 78rpm record, which was passed around the band for one week each, or lent out to friends. It was later lost until Lowe rediscovered it in 1981, and sold it to McCartney for an undisclosed amount. The recordings would later be issued on the Beatles' album Anthology 1.

"The rhythm's in the guitars"
Soon after the recording session, Hanton had a fight with the rest of the group and quit. Lowe too lost contact with the group after leaving Liverpool Institute, leaving the Quarrymen as just a trio of guitarists: Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison. Lennon's mother was killed in a road accident on 15 July 1958, dealing him a devastating emotional blow. The group remained mostly inactive throughout the summer, as Lennon took up a job in a restaurant at the Liverpool Airport. McCartney and Harrison, meanwhile, went on holiday hitchhiking in Wales, playing with a local skiffle group called the Vikings. Although Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison remained extremely close, the trio only performed a handful of times in the last months of 1958. When asked why they had neither a drummer or a bass player, they would respond "The rhythm's in the guitars." In the fall of 1958, the group had another chance to audition for Carroll Levis, nearly a year and a half after the Quarrymen's first Star Search. For the audition, the group changed their name to Johnny and the Moondogs. Lennon was without a guitar, his having broken recently. Johnny and the Moondogs passed the first heat of the competition in Liverpool, and were invited to appear in the finals in Manchester. The group performed Buddy Holly's "Think It Over" to positive reception, but were unable to stay until the end of the competition to receive the results. As they were leaving, Lennon saw a cutaway electric guitar by the stage door, picked it up and walked off with it, later saying that the trip "wasn't a total loss."

Following their Star Search audition, Johnny and the Moondogs changed their name to Japage 3 (pronounced "Jaypage") (combining letters from each of the member's names: John, Paul, and George). Lennon had a friend from art school, named Derek Hodkin, who owned a tape recorder, and Lennon convinced him to record the group (along with McCartney's brother Mike on drums). The group then asked Hodkin to act as their manager, and he agreed. Despite Hodkin's management, bookings for the group dried up. Harrison began a stint as rhythm guitarist in the Les Stewart Quartet, who had a weekly club engagement. By May, Japage 3 was defunct, although the three continued to see each other socially, and Lennon and McCartney continued to write songs together.

The Casbah Club and name change to the Beatles
In the summer of 1959, Mona Best decided to open a club in her cellar, and offered the Les Stewart Quartet a residency if they would help convert the cellar. Harrison and fellow Quartet guitarist Ken Brown, however, missed a show, causing Les Stewart to fire the two and drop the residency. This caused distress to Best, but Harrison offered a solution: he recruited Lennon and McCartney to play, and they returned to calling themselves the Quarrymen. After helping Best finish converting the cellar, the new four guitarist line-up of the Quarrymen (Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, and Brown) opened the Casbah Coffee Club on 29 August 1959. The opening night performance was attended by about 300 local teenagers, but as the cellar had no air conditioning and people were dancing, the temperature rose until it became hard to breathe. The Quarrymen were afforded the use of Brown's three input amplifier (which, along with McCartney's Elpico, meant that all four guitarists were electric), and sang through one microphone connected to the club's small PA system.

The group continued their Casbah residency into the new year, occasionally securing other gigs. In January, Brown grew ill and was unable to play the show. Best, however, insisted that the Quarrymen still pay Brown, but Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison refused; the incident resulted in the loss of their residency at the Casbah and Brown's departure from the group. Shortly after, however, Lennon convinced fellow art school student Stuart Sutcliffe to purchase a bass guitar and join the group. The group had no bookings, but began rehearsing vigorously to allow the musical novice Sutcliffe practice on his new instrument.

In early 1960, the Quarrymen returned to Phillips' Sound Recording Services to record Lennon's new original song "One After 909", although this recording does not survive. Around the same time, the three made a rehearsal tape at McCartney's home. Harrison was absent (as he had an apprenticeship), and the tape features several jams and original songs, including the McCartney instrumental "Cayenne". With few gigs during this period the group often wrote letters to secure bookings, several of which survive. The four disliked the Quarrymen name, and went through several others during this period, including Los Paranoias. By March 1960, Lennon and Sutcliffe came up with a new name: the Beatles. The Beatles (after several line-up changes, including adding Mona's son Pete Best on drums) continued to perform around Liverpool and in Hamburg, Germany, before being signed to Parlophone Records in 1962.

Reformations: 1994–present
Since the break-up of the Beatles in 1970 and the murder of John Lennon in 1980, members of the Quarrymen have reunited several times. From 1994 to 1995, Rod Davis and John Lowe recorded an album with studio musicians. This album, Open for Engagements, was released in 1995 under the Quarrymen name.

The surviving members of the 1957 line-up of the Quarrymen reunited in 1997 for the 40th anniversary of their performance at the 1957 Woolton village fete, which was the location of the first meeting of Lennon and McCartney. All five surviving members from that day, Pete Shotton, Rod Davis, Len Garry, Eric Griffiths and Colin Hanton, performed. Following this, the group continued to perform, undertaking tours of the UK, the US, Germany, Japan, Russia, Cuba and other countries. The group's repertoire focuses on the skiffle and early rock and roll they played in their original incarnation with the added roots rock historical perspective of illustrating how American roots music inspired the nascent Beatles.

In 2000, producer and the Beatles' historian Martin Lewis produced the group performing the Del-Vikings song "Come Go with Me" (the first song McCartney recalled hearing Lennon sing on the first day they met) for use on the soundtrack of the Michael Lindsay-Hogg film Two of Us, a film about the last day that Lennon and McCartney saw each other in April 1976.

Eric Griffiths died in 2005, and Pete Shotton retired, owing to ill health. Shotton died in 2017. As of 2016, Davis, Garry, and Hanton continued to perform around the world. Lowe occasionally performed with them. In September and October 2010, the band undertook a US tour celebrating the 70th birthday of their founder, Lennon. They appeared in a charity concert for Amnesty International honouring Lennon in New York City on Lennon's birthday, Saturday 9 October 2010. From 2016 former Beatles bassist Chas Newby performed with the band. He died in May 2023. John Lowe died in February 2024.

Since their 1997 reformation, the Quarrymen have recorded three albums, consisting mostly of covers of 1950s rock and skiffle.

Members

 * Current members
 * Colin Hanton – drums (1956–1958, 1997–present)
 * Rod Davis – banjo (1957) ; guitar, vocals (1994–1995, 1997–present)
 * Len Garry – tea-chest bass (1957–1958) ; vocals, guitar (1997–present)

 * Former members
 * John Lennon – vocals, guitar (1956–1960; died 1980)
 * Eric Griffiths – guitar (1956–1958, 1997–2005; his death)
 * Pete Shotton – washboard (1956–1957, 1997–2000; died 2017) ; tea-chest bass (1997–2000)
 * Bill Smith – tea-chest bass (1956)
 * Nigel Walley – tea-chest bass (1956; Subsequently, became "manager" 1956–1958)
 * Ivan Vaughan – tea-chest bass (1956–1957; died 1993)
 * Paul McCartney – vocals, guitar (1957–1960)
 * George Harrison – guitar, vocals (1958–1960; died 2001)
 * John Duff Lowe – piano (1958) ; keyboards (1994–1995, 2005–2017, was a regular guest, although not a constant member; died 2024), vocals (1994–1995)
 * Ken Brown – guitar (1959–1960; died 2010)
 * Stuart Sutcliffe – bass guitar (1960; died 1962)
 * Chas Newby – bass guitar (2016–2023; his death. Newby also played bass with the Beatles briefly from 1960 to 1961)

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Open for Engagements (1994) (Kewbank Records KBCD111) (John 'Duff' Lowe & Rod Davis)
 * Get Back – Together (1997) (Q Records QMCD 7011) (Eric Griffiths, Len Garry, Rod Davis, Pete Shotton & Colin Hanton)
 * Songs We Remember (2004) (BMG Augusta Records	AUCK15001) (Eric Griffiths, Len Garry, Rod Davis & Colin Hanton)
 * Grey Album (2012) (Generate Records 885767482517) (Len Garry, Rod Davis & Colin Hanton)

 * Live albums
 * Live At The Halfmoon Pub Putney (2005) (Colin Hanton, Len Garry, Rod Davis & John 'Duff' Lowe)
 * The Quarrymen Live! In Penny Lane (2020) (Colin Hanton, Len Garry, Rod Davis & Chas Newby)

 * DVD
 * The Band That Started The Beatles (2009) (Star-Club Records GRDVD091) (Len Garry, Rod Davis & Colin Hanton)

 * Other recordings
 * "That'll Be the Day" and "In Spite of All the Danger" (both recorded in 1958) are available on the Beatles album Anthology 1 (1995).
 * A number of home rehearsals featuring Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, and Sutcliffe were recorded in early 1960. Three of these were released on Anthology 1, while others have appeared on various bootlegs.
 * A 2000 recording of "Come Go With Me" was featured in the film Two of Us.
 * A Unreleased Recording of "Maggie Mae" being used in the film 'Looking for Lennon' (not to be mistaken with the 2009 film "Nowhere Boy")

title: The Quarrymen


text:
Talk:Orchid

All orchids are mycoheterotrophes
The "ecology" section seems to imply that only the species of Orchidaceae that lack clorophyll are to be considered mycoheterotrophic, that's not the case. All orchids, at least as they germinate, are mycoheterotrophic, some lose the need to be as they grow (Orchis for example), others are mostly dependant on the symbiosis throughout their lives (most Cephalanthera), others are completely dependant, the latter being the category the article refers to. I'd change it myself but my english is not the best and I'm new to editing Wikipedia Cardocca (talk) 20:16, 24 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Hello I would be happy to add the statement "All orchids, at least as they germinate, are mycoheterotrophic...." if you would add a reference that I can access, here. Gderrin (talk) 21:35, 24 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you, this is freely accessible i believe. Cardocca (talk) 21:39, 6 June 2023 (UTC)

There are no saprophytic orchids
Although old academic articles refer to some orchids as saprophytic, this is an obsolete term that should not be perpetuated in Wikipedia. There is no plant that directly consumes dead organic matter (saprophytic). Orchids are mycoheterotrophic. Some orchids depend on saprotrophic fungi. In these cases, the saprotrophic lifestyle is exercised by the fungus, not the plant. Further discussion on this incorrect terminology in the following article: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04272.x Flora and fauna man (talk) 12:43, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

lifespan of orchids
How long do orchids live? 74.215.249.245 (talk) 21:01, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

Fix the Page
The Page is Broken 2600:6C5C:6A00:2F2:3D6B:5C0F:4C4A:33DE (talk) 21:47, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Thanks for reporting this. Now fixed  Velella  Velella Talk 21:59, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Orchid


text:
Horseheads North, New York

Horseheads North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Chemung County, New York, United States. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the population of the CDP was 2,843.

Geography
Horseheads North is located on the northern side of the town of Horseheads at 42.18972°N, -76.80639°W (42.189774, -76.806351). It is bordered to the north by the town of Veteran and to the south by Horseheads village.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the location has a total area of 5.8 km2, of which 0.07 sqkm, or 1.28%, is water. Newtown Creek, a tributary of the Chemung River which in turn flows into the Susquehanna River, forms part of the southeast boundary of the CDP.

New York State Route 14 passes through the area just west of the CDP.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,852 people, 1,091 households, and 833 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,239.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,116 housing units at an average density of 484.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.88% White, 0.84% African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.23% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.46% of the population.

There were 1,091 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,182, and the median income for a family was $54,419. Males had a median income of $35,873 versus $26,852 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,813. About 3.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Horseheads North, New York


text:
Millport, New York

Millport is a village in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 312 at the 2010 census. The name comes from its former status as a canal port.

Millport is in the northwest quadrant of the town of Veteran and is north of Elmira. The mail ZIP code is 14864. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 passed through the area.

The town's first settler, Green Bently, purchased and developed farmland on the site of the village in 1798. The community was once known as "Millvale" after the village was laid out in 1825. The name was changed to "Millport" in 1829 to recognize its new status by the Chemung Canal which passed by the village. The presence of the canal helped raise the population about 1,000 for a time. Catharine Creek, a north-flowing tributary of Seneca Lake, flows through the village.

In the 1840s, several epidemics reduced the population of Millport.

Geography
Millport is located in northwestern Chemung County at 42.2675°N, -76.83611°W (42.267634, -76.836122).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.9 km2, all land.

New York State Route 14 passes through the village, which is at the junction of County Road 6A.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 297 people, 118 households, and 77 families residing in the village. The population density was 821.0 PD/sqmi. There were 132 housing units at an average density of 364.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.97% White, 1.01% Native American, 0.34% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population.

There were 118 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $40,500. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,739. About 6.1% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 12.8% of those 65 or over.

title: Millport, New York


text:
Veteran, New York

Veteran is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 3,363 at the 2020 census. The name of the town honors the first settler, a veteran of two wars.

The town is on the county's northern border and is north of Elmira. Veteran is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 passed through this area.

The first settler was Green Bentley, a veteran of both the American Revolution and the French and Indian War, who arrived circa 1798. The town of Veteran was formed in 1823 from the town of Catharine, which became part of Schuyler County.

The former Chemung Canal passed through the town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 99.6 km2, of which 99.3 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.37%, is water.

The northern town line is the border of Schuyler County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,271 people, 1,261 households, and 948 families residing in the town. The population density was 85.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,331 housing units at an average density of 34.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.98% White, 0.43% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population.

There were 1,261 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $44,521, and the median income for a family was $50,972. Males had a median income of $31,490 versus $26,027 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,522. About 6.8% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.9% of those under age 18 and 2.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Veteran

 * Midway – A hamlet south of Millport on Route 14 and next to Catherine Creek.
 * Millport – The village of Millport is in the northwestern part of the town on Catherine Creek and Route 14. It was once called "Millvale".
 * Pine Valley – A hamlet and census-designated place on the western town line in the southwestern corner of the town. It extends west into the town of Catlin.
 * Rush Run – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town on Route 13.
 * Slabtown – Part of the hamlet of Slabtown is within the southern town line.
 * Sullivanville – A hamlet northeast of Slabtown in the southern part of the town on Route 13. It was formerly called "Deans Corners".

title: Veteran, New York


text:
Wellsburg, New York

Wellsburg is a village in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 580 at the 2010 census. The village is named after the pioneer family of Abner Wells (1737–1797) who came from Southold on Long Island.

Wellsburg is located in the southeast part of the town of Ashland. It is southeast of the city of Elmira and is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The area was settled around 1788. The village was incorporated in 1872.

Christ Episcopal Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

In the 1930s, there were also a Methodist and a Baptist church. Catholics attended services in a church about 18 mi across the Pennsylvania border (Centerville or Bentley Creek). The village contained two bars, two grocery stores (Aber and Stanton), Dalton's meat market, two gas stations, a "creamery", an Erie Railroad depot, Dalton's coal yard, a deteriorated Hotel Alcazar, a post office, and Schuyler's Feed, Grain & Lumber Yard. A four-story school served grades 1–12, with a small playground and a ballfield. Some students were bussed in from surrounding areas. One day in 1939, an "autogyro" landed on that ballfield and remained a short time. Wellsburg had a mayor and a constable; the latter being rather "adept" at catching those who overturned outhouses during Halloween.

Occasionally the Chemung River would overflow, usually flooding the short road between Wellsburg and Lowman, but it once flooded Wellsburg to the extent that rowboats could enter the Methodist church. Local farmers hired kids to do farm chores, usually at $0.50 per-day. Youngsters driving tractors into town (for gas) were a familiar sight. During the WWII years, students aged 14 and up were allowed days off from school to help local farmers harvest their crops. There was also an "airplane spotter's shack" on the side of a hill, during the war; teens often served as "spotters".

Geography
Wellsburg is located in southern Chemung County at 42.01111°N, -76.72778°W (42.011211, -76.727753).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.5 km2, of which 0.02 sqkm, or 1.52%, is water.

Wellsburg is on the south bank of the Chemung River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, and is adjacent to the Pennsylvania border. Bentley Creek flows northward through the village to the Chemung River and was a power source to early pioneers.

NY-367 (Main Street) intersects NY-427 in the village. County Road 8 enters the village from the north.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 631 people, 243 households, and 164 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,107.0 PD/sqmi. There were 261 housing units at an average density of 457.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.73% White, 0.32% African American, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48% of the population.

There were 243 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $34,135, and the median income for a family was $40,750. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $18,594 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,426. About 10.9% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Wellsburg, New York


text:
West Elmira, New York

West Elmira is a suburban census-designated place (CDP) in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 4,967 at the 2010 census. It is adjacent to the city of Elmira on its west side. West Elmira is in the southwest part of the town of Elmira. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
West Elmira is located at 42.08306°N, -76.84417°W (42.082974, -76.844046).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.2 km2, of which 7.9 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 3.69%, is water.

West Elmira is on the north bank of the Chemung River.

New York State Route 352 enters the village from the west as Water Street. East of York Avenue, Water Street carries eastbound traffic while Church Street carries westbound traffic.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,136 people, 2,161 households, and 1,504 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,705.3 PD/sqmi. There were 2,266 housing units at an average density of 752.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.91% White, 1.83% African American, 0.08% Native American, 1.44% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.

There were 2,161 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the area the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the area was $53,577, and the median income for a family was $66,705. Males had a median income of $40,746 versus $33,929 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $28,376. About 3.6% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 0.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: West Elmira, New York


text:
Columbus, New York

Columbus is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 975 at the 2010 census. Columbus is in the northeastern corner of the county and is northeast of Norwich.

History
The area of Columbus was first settled around 1791. The town was formed in 1805 from the town of Brookfield (now in Madison County). Additional territory was obtained from the town of Norwich in 1807.

The Columbus Community Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Famous companies at Columbus include the makers of Chobani Yogurt and Golden Artist Colors.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 97.1 km2, of which 96.8 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.33%, is water.

The northern town line is the border of Madison County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Otsego County, marked by the Unadilla River, a south-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna River.

New York State Route 8 is a north-south highway by the eastern town line, and New York State Route 80 is an east-west highway.

The hamlet of Columbus is on NY-80 near the geographic center of the town. Columbus Quarter is a hamlet on the Unadilla River in the northeastern part of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 931 people, 342 households, and 243 families residing in the town. The population density was 24.9 people per square mile (9.6/km2). There were 428 housing units at an average density of 11.4 per square mile (4.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.64% White, 0.32% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.64% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 342 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,452, and the median income for a family was $31,118. Males had a median income of $23,654 versus $20,952 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,731. About 15.8% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Columbus, New York


text:
Coventry, New York

Coventry is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,655 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Coventry, Connecticut, by settlers from New England. Coventry is in the southern part of Chenango County and is northeast of Binghamton.

History
The first settlement took place circa 1785 near the current Coventry village. Coventry was formed from the town of Greene in 1806. In 1843, the area of the town was increased from parts of Greene and the town of Oxford.

Due to poor soil conditions, dairy herding was prominent from the pioneer days, leading to five butter and cheese factories in the town at one time in the past.

District School 4 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 126.6 km2, of which 126.1 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.34%, is water.

Part of the southern town line is the border of Broome County.

Conjoined New York State Route 41 and New York State Route 206 intersect New York State Route 235, a north–south highway, at Coventry village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,589 people, 577 households, and 428 families residing in the town. The population density was 32.6 PD/sqmi. There were 757 housing units at an average density of 15.5 per square mile (6.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.06% White, 0.25% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.06% Asian, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 577 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,769, and the median income for a family was $38,906. Males had a median income of $30,272 versus $19,946 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,807. About 10.7% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * William Goodell, abolitionist

Communities and locations in Coventry

 * Blackesley Corner – A hamlet southeast of Coventry village and in the southeastern part of the town, located on County Road 30.
 * Bowbell Hill – A location in the southwestern part of the town, marked by a hill by that name, once a community in the town.
 * Coventry – The hamlet of Coventry is at the junction of NY-41 and NY-235.
 * Coventryville – A hamlet east of Coventry village on NY-206. The District School 2 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Twin towns – sister cities
Coventry is twinned with:
 * Coventry, United Kingdom

title: Coventry, New York


text:
German, New York

German is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 370 at the 2010 census. The town is named after U.S. Senator Obadiah German, the original land owner. The town is at the western border of the county and is west of Norwich.

History
The first settlers arrived circa 1796. German was founded as the "Town of Brakel" in 1806 from part of the town of DeRuyter (now in Madison County). Later the town was reduced by the formation of newer towns: Otselic (1817), Lincklaen (1823), and part of Pitcher (1827).

The 1865 population of German was 778.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 73.7 km2, of which 73.6 km2 is land and 0.1 km2, or 0.11%, is water.

The western town line is the border of Cortland County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 378 people, 135 households, and 93 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.3 people per square mile (5.1/km2). There were 227 housing units at an average density of 8.0 per square mile (3.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.09% White, 0.79% African American, 1.32% Native American, 0.26% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.32% of the population.

There were 135 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.3% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,288, and the median income for a family was $36,563. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $17,361 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,557. About 14.7% of families and 21.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in German

 * East German – A former community in the southeastern part of the town.
 * German ("German Four Corners") – A hamlet by the western town line at the intersection of County Roads 2 and 5.
 * German Five Corners – A location north of German village on County Road 2.

title: German, New York


text:
Guilford, New York

Guilford is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The town is on the eastern border of the county. The population was 2,922 at the 2010 census.

History
The land was purchased from the Oneida people in 1785. The town was first settled circa 1787. One of the first settlements was in what is now known as East Guilford, by the Mercereau brothers (who were Revolutionary War spies for George Washington). They built a mill on Guilford Creek at Indian Orchard Falls, along the Catskill Turnpike.

Guilford was formed from the town of Oxford in 1813 as "Eastern". The name became "Guilford" in 1817. The town was called by an older name, "Fayette", for the early part of its history during the time it was in Tioga County.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 160.5 km2, of which 159.8 km2 is land and 0.6 km2, or 0.39%, is water.

The eastern town line is the border of Otsego County. The border is marked by the Unadilla River, a southward-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna River.

New York State Route 8 is a north–south highway paralleling the Unadilla River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,046 people, 1,181 households, and 838 families residing in the town. The population density was 49.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,462 housing units at an average density of 23.7 per square mile (9.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.64% White, 0.66% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.

There were 1,181 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,681, and the median income for a family was $40,801. Males had a median income of $31,528 versus $24,742 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,536. About 10.7% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Solomon G. Haven, former US congressman

Communities and locations in Guilford

 * East Guilford – A hamlet in the southeastern corner of the town on NY-8 by the junction of County Road 35.
 * Godfrey Corners – A location near the eastern town line, west of Mount Upton.
 * Guilford – A hamlet settled around 1797. The community is in the western part of the town at the junction of County Roads 35 and 38. The census-designated place of Guilford includes the hamlets of Guilford and Guilford Center. The Jewell Family Homestead on Furnace Hill Road was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
 * Guilford Center – A hamlet east of Guilford hamlet at the junction of County Roads 35 and 37. The Guilford Center Presbyterian Church was listed on the National Register in 2004. The Guilford Center Cemetery was listed in 2005.
 * Guilford Lake – A lake located northwest of the hamlet of Guilford.
 * High Bridge – A location near the eastern town line, northwest of Rockdale.
 * Ives Settlement – A hamlet southeast of Guilford hamlet.
 * Lathams Corners – A location at the eastern town line north of Rockwell Mills on NY-8.
 * Mount Upton – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town by the east town line on NY-8.
 * New Berlin Junction – A location south of East Guilford.
 * North Guilford Corners – A location near the northern town line.
 * Parker – A hamlet south of Guilford Center on County Road 35.
 * Rockdale – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town at the east town line on NY-8.
 * Rockwells Mills – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town on NY-8. The Rockwells Mills Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
 * Trestle Corners – A location near the eastern town line, west of Rockdale.
 * Windsor Corners – A location north of Guilford hamlet, located at the junction of County Roads 36 and 37.
 * Yaleville – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town on County Road 38.

title: Guilford, New York


text:
Lincklaen, New York

Lincklaen is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 396 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Colonel John Lincklaen, an agent of the Holland Land Company and a land owner. The town is in the northwestern corner of the county, northwest of the city Norwich and northeast of Cortland (in Cortland County).

History
The land was first settled circa 1796. Lincklaen was formed from the town of German in 1823. Parts of the town were removed to form the town of Pitcher in 1827 and 1833.

The 1865 population was 988.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 68.05 km2, of which 68.02 sqkm is land and 0.03 sqkm, or 0.04%, is water.

The northern town line is the border of Madison County, and the western town line is the border of Cortland County.

Mud Creek is an important stream flowing southward through the town. Via the Otselic, then the Tioughnioga, then the Chenango River, it is part of the watershed of the Susquehanna River flowing to Chesapeake Bay.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 416 people, 153 households, and 113 families residing in the town. The population density was 15.8 people per square mile (6.1/km2). There were 243 housing units at an average density of 9.2 per square mile (3.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.12% White, 0.72% African American, 0.72% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.72% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.

There were 153 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,588, and the median income for a family was $35,750. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $20,556 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,030. About 12.8% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Lincklaen

 * Burdick Settlement – A former community in the northern part of the town.
 * Lincklaen – The hamlet of Lincklaen is by the western town line, located on Mud Creek and County Road 12.
 * Lincklaen Center – A hamlet northeast of Lincklaen village, located on Mud Creek.
 * Mariposa – A hamlet east of Lincklaen Center, near the eastern town line on County Road 13.
 * Rhode Island – A hamlet at the eastern town line on County Road 13.

title: Lincklaen, New York


text:
McDonough, New York

McDonough is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 886 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Thomas Macdonough, a naval officer who served on Lake Champlain and other locations. McDonough is located in the western part of Chenango County, west of Norwich.

History
The land was settled around 1795 by Sylvanius Moore. The town of McDonough was founded in 1816 from part of the town of Preston.

Calvary Episcopal Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 102.6 km2, of which 101.1 km2 is land and 1.5 km2, or 1.50%, is water. The water area comes from several small lakes in the town, including Genegantslet Lake, Bowman Lake, and Lake Ludlow.

New York State Route 220 is a highway following a meandering course through the town, leading southeast to Oxford and southwest to Smithville Flats.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 870 people, 349 households, and 248 families residing in the town. The population density was 22.2 people per square mile (8.6/km2). There were 590 housing units at an average density of 15.1 per square mile (5.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.09% White, 1.26% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.53% of the population.

There were 349 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,402, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $26,974 versus $19,231 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,558. About 7.7% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in McDonough

 * Bowman Lake State Park – A state park north of East McDonough.
 * East McDonough – A hamlet on NY-220 in the eastern part of the town.
 * Genegantslet Lake – A privately owned and maintained lake in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Lake Ludlow – A lake in the southern part of the town.
 * McDonough – The hamlet of McDonough is on NY-220 at the junction of County Roads 5, 7, and 8 in the western part of the town

title: McDonough, New York


text:
North Norwich, New York

North Norwich is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,783 at the 2010 census. The town is directly north of the City of Norwich in the eastern half of the county.

History

The first settlement began circa 1794. The town of North Norwich was established in 1849 from the northern part of the town of Norwich.

The former Chenango Canal passed through the town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 73.2 km2, of which 72.9 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.36%, is water.

New York State Route 12 (north-south) is a major highway through the town. New York State Route 320 is a short highway near the southern town line.

The Chenango River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, flows southward through the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,966 people, 727 households, and 532 families residing in the town. The population density was 69.7 PD/sqmi. There were 797 housing units at an average density of 28.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.42% White, 0.51% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.05% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.

There were 727 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,450, and the median income for a family was $42,414. Males had a median income of $30,605 versus $22,109 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,022. About 12.0% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in North Norwich

 * Burwell Corners – A location by the eastern town line on County Road 29.
 * Lt. Warren Eaton Airport (OIC) – An airport by the southern town line that services the city of Norwich and the surrounding area.
 * Galena – A hamlet southwest of North Norwich village.
 * Kings Settlement – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on County Road 29.
 * North Norwich – The hamlet of North Norwich is located on NY-12.
 * Plasterville – A hamlet south of North Norwich village on County Road 32.
 * Sherburne Four Corners – A hamlet at the northwestern corner of the town on County Road 20.
 * Steam Sawmill Hill – A prominent hill by the northern town line.

title: North Norwich, New York


text:
Otselic, New York

Otselic is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States, situated on the northern border of Chenango County, northwest of the city of Norwich. The population of the town was 1,054 at the 2010 census. The town is named after a river flowing through it, the Otselic, which is an Oneida word for "place of wild plums". The Otselic valley is the predominant geographic feature in the town, connecting it to the surrounding region north and south.

History
The first settler arrived around 1800. Many of the original settlers came from Connecticut and Massachusetts. The town of Otselic was founded in 1817 from part of the town of German. The year 1833 was notable for a tornado that passed over the town and measured over a mile in width.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 98.5 km2, of which 98.4 km2 is land and 0.2 km2, or 0.18%, is water.

Over 10 sqmi or about 7000 acre are state-owned forest lands dedicated to the production of forest products and open to the public for forest-related recreation such as hunting, camping, fishing, hiking and cross country skiing.

The highest altitude is just over 2000 ft above sea level along the southern town line, rising from the lowest elevation of approximately 1200 ft at the bottom of the Otselic Valley.

The northern town line is the border of Madison County.

The Otselic River (sometimes "Otselic Creek") runs through the town and later flows into the Tioughnioga River as part of the Susquehanna River watershed of Chesapeake Bay.

New York State Route 26 intersects New York State Route 80 at Otselic hamlet.

Wildlife
Formerly most of the land was in agriculture, chiefly dairy. Since the end of the nineteenth century, farm abandonment has increased, and today forest cover and early succession forest regrowth dominate the landscape mixed with remaining dairy farms. The forest cover is mixed hardwoods (maple, cherry, ash, beech, basswood, birch and hemlock ) occurring naturally and large plantations of spruce and pine on state-owned lands. White pine was common prior to European settlement, but due to the high demand for its clear, light, easily worked lumber, pine stands were removed during the nineteenth century and today are almost totally absent. Logging has always been an important part of the local economy, utilizing high-value hardwoods for sawlogs as well as firewood and softwood poles and pulp.

Hunting, trapping and wildlife-related recreation such as birdwatching and wildlife viewing are important activities. Common wildlife include white-tailed deer, beaver, mink, muskrat, red squirrel, flying squirrel, gray squirrel, chipmunk, coyote, fox, skunk, raccoon, porcupine, opossum, woodchuck, bear, otter, fisher, and bobcat. Bird life is varied and rich. Turkey and grouse are plentiful and are popular game birds. During the summer breeding season, the Otselic area has over 100 breeding bird species, one of the highest numbers of breeding bird species in New York state. Bald eagles breed in the area and osprey are seen regularly along the Otselic River. Ravens are recolonizing the hills, reclaiming their historic range. Red and white winged crossbills from Canada and Alaska have bred in the large conifer plantations on New York State forest land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,054 people. Today's population is about half of what it was in 1875. 356 households, and 259 families reside in the town. The population density was 26.3 PD/sqmi. There were 484 housing units at an average density of 12.7 per square mile (4.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.70% White, 0.50% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.40% of the population.

There were 356 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,308, and the median income for a family was $34,886. Males had a median income of $30,298 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,105. About 11.2% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Otselic

 * Beaver Meadow – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town, located on County Road 16. The name is derived from low-lying ground often flooded due to beaver dams. Originally known as Lower Beaver Meadow, it was the site of beaver dams that flooded hundreds of acres.
 * The Gorge – A gorge with a brook of the same name flowing from the east into South Otselic; In 1850, a road, The Plank Road, (actually a boardwalk) of hemlock planks was built to connect South Otselic to Norwich for a distance of 19 miles.
 * Mariposa – The settled area west of the hamlet of South Otselic along County Road 13.
 * Otselic – The hamlet of Otselic is the first settled area of the town, near the northern town line at the junction of NY Route 26 and NY Route 80. The Otselic River passes close to the community.
 * Otselic Center – A hamlet between Otselic village and Seventh Day Hollow on NY-26 at its juncture with County Road 16.
 * Ratville – an area on Ratville Road which runs from Ridge Road west down a steep hill ending in the Town of Lincklaen so named for many rats at a grain mill there or many muskrats in the swamp/millpond.
 * Rhode Island – A location by the western town line.
 * The Ridge – the mountain running north from the hamlet of South Otselic to the Town of Georgetown, it is traversed by the Ridge Road and was called Pleasant Ridge. The south end of the Ridge is known as Miner Hill and the north end as Palmer Hill.
 * Sandersonville– A location of residences along NY State Hwy 26 south of the South Otselic Fish Hatchery so named for the original Sanderson Farm located there.
 * Seventh Day Hollow – A hamlet northeast of South Otselic on NY-26, so named for the original settlement and church there of Seventh Day Baptists. It lies at the confluence of Bucks Brook and the Otselic River. In the 1800s, a mill run was built on the Otselic "Creek" and a side wheel built to run sawmill.
 * South Otselic – A hamlet in the southwest corner of the town on NY-26 and the Otselic River at the junction with County Road 13. It was home to internationally known Gladding Fishing Line and is also the resting place of Grace Brown. In 1983, many of its historic buildings were included in the South Otselic Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. The Newton Homestead was listed in 1982 and the Holden B. Mathewson House, which is now a bed and breakfast, in 2009. In the 1800s a dam was built on the Otselic River above the hamlet to feed a mill run that powered a saw mill and a grain mill in South Otselic. In the 1800s, the hamlet also boasted an ashery, a tannery, two hotels, an opera house, five stores, two churches, a school, and a rope and line factory (rope walk).
 * South Otselic State Fish Hatchery – A fish hatchery south of South Otselic.
 * Stanbro – A former hamlet northwest of Beaver Meadow, named for the Stanbro family and notably Dr. Stanbro.
 * Tallet Hill – A hilltop north and west of the hamlet of South Otselic traversed by Warner Road. It was settled by the Tallet family, descendants of the first settler there, John Tallet, a Hessian soldier, stranded in America after the Revolution.
 * Truman Hill  – A hilltop abutting Tallet Hill on the northwest and rising from the Otselic Valley. It was so named for the Truman family that settled there.
 * Upper Beaver Meadow – A hamlet formerly called Beaver Meadow at the upstream end of the beaver dammed impoundment. When the Beaver Meadow US Post office was moved from here to lower Beaver Meadow, the name went with the post office.

Notable people

 * George W. Ray, former US congressman

title: Otselic, New York


text:
Pharsalia, New York

Pharsalia is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 593 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Pharsalia, which is a commonly accepted name of the decisive battle in the Great Roman Civil War, where Julius Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 BCE.

Pharsalia is an interior town of Chenango County, located in the western half of the county, northwest of the city of Norwich. Pharsalia has a population of about 570 people as of 2017.

History
The town received its first settler in 1797. Pharsalia was founded from part of the town of Norwich in 1806 as "Stonington". In 1808, the town was renamed "Pharsalia". Pharsalia means goddess of war in Hebrew.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 101.3 km2, of which 100.5 km2 is land and 0.8 km2, or 0.75%, is water.

New York State Route 23 is an east-west highway through the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 542 people, 200 households, and 154 families residing in the town. The population density was 14.0 people per square mile (5.4/km2). There were 333 housing units at an average density of 8.6 per square mile (3.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.71% White, 0.55% African American, 0.18% Native American, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 200 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,417, and the median income for a family was $37,917. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,752. About 19.0% of families and 22.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.0% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Pharsalia

 * Balsam Lake – A lake located southeast of Pharsalia.
 * East Pharsalia – A hamlet southeast of Pharsalia village near the southern town line at the junction of County Roads 8 and 10.
 * North Pharsalia – A hamlet northeast of Pharsalia village on NY-23.
 * Northwest Corners – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Pharsalia – The hamlet of Pharsalia is located on NY-23 near the western town line.
 * Pharsalia Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area in the northern part of the town.
 * Waldron Corners – A location by the western town line on County Road 42.

Adjacent towns

 * Otselic – north
 * Smyrna – northeast
 * Plymouth – east
 * Preston – southeast
 * McDonough – south
 * German – southwest
 * Pitcher – west

title: Pharsalia, New York


text:
Pitcher, New York

Pitcher is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 803 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Nathaniel Pitcher, the eighth governor of New York. The town is on the western border of Chenango County, west of the city of Norwich.

History
The land was first settled circa 1794. The town of Pitcher was formed from parts of the towns of German and Lincklaen in 1827. The size of Pitcher was increased in 1833 with an additional portion of Lincklaen.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 73.8 km2, of which 0.04 sqkm, or 0.05%, is water.

The western town line is the border of Cortland County.

The Otselic River flows southward through the town. It is a tributary of the Tioughnioga River and part of the Susquehanna River watershed.

New York State Route 26 is a major highway running northeast–southwest through the town, following the course of Otselic Creek. New York State Route 23 passes across the south part of Pitcher following the course of Brakel Creek.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 848 people, 293 households, and 230 families residing in the town. The population density was 29.8 PD/sqmi. There were 381 housing units at an average density of 13.4 per square mile (5.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.29% White, 0.24% African American, 0.12% Native American, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.53% of the population.

There were 293 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $34,875. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $19,219 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,102. About 13.2% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.5% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Pitcher

 * Chandler Corners – A former location in the town, northeast of Pitcher village.
 * Hydeville – A hamlet by the western town line and north of Pitcher village on County Road 12.
 * North Pitcher – A hamlet in the northern part of the town on NY-26 and the Otselic River.
 * Pitcher – The hamlet of Pitcher is in the western part of the town, near the western town line, on NY-26 and the Otselic River.
 * Pitcher Springs – A hamlet northeast of Pitcher village. It was a popular spa during the early history of the town.
 * Ufford Corners – A location northwest of North Pitcher near the northern town line.
 * Union Valley – A hamlet at the western town line, mostly within Cortland County.
 * Waldron Corners – A location at the eastern town line.

Notable person

 * Jethro A. Hatch, the first physician in Kentland, Indiana, and a congressman from Indiana's 10th district.

title: Pitcher, New York


text:
Plymouth, New York

Plymouth is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,804 at the 2010 census. It is an interior town in the northern part of the county. The town is northwest of the city of Norwich. Plymouth was also known as Plymouth Rock.

History
Families began to settle Plymouth circa 1794. The town was formed from the town of Norwich on April 7, 1806. Plymouth was also referred to as Frenchtown, Frank Town, or Francistown in honor of its early French inhabitants. In 1799, South Plymouth was settled by Ebenezer and Patience Frink, giving it the name Frinkville. John Young, the father of Brigham Young, lived in a cabin in the area; an abandoned saw mill sits there now.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Plymouth has a total area of 109.7 km2, of which 109.2 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.40%, is water.

New York State Route 23 is an east-west highway through the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,149 people, 692 households, and 513 families residing in the town. The population density was 48.6 PD/sqmi. There were 873 housing units at an average density of 20.7 per square mile (8.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 91.17% White, 6.88% African American, 0.34% Native American, 1.17% from other races, and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.64% of the population.

There were 692 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 135.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 142.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $53,611, and the median income for a family was $35,602. Males had a median income of $19,921 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,100. About 29.4% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.7% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Plymouth, New York

 * Kirk – A hamlet, located on NY-23, west-southwest of Plymouth village and north of Plymouth Reservoir.
 * Plymouth – The hamlet of Plymouth is at the junction of County Roads 16 and 21. The community was originally called "Frinkville".
 * Plymouth Reservoir – A reservoir in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Sherburne Four Corners – A hamlet located in the northeastern corner of Plymouth on County Road 20, partly in other towns of Chenango County.
 * South Plymouth – A hamlet southeast of Plymouth village, located on NY-23.
 * Stuart Corners – A location west of South Plymouth on NY-23.

Plymouth Volunteer Fire Department
The Plymouth Volunteer Fire Department was formed in 1952. The Department has remained an entirely volunteer service since its inception. The first fire apparatus were held in the barn of founding member Theodore Bates. In the 1960's the first fire station was built in the hamlet on County Road 16. To meet the needs of residents further away a second fire station was built on Plymouth Reservoir. In 1999 the Plymouth Volunteer Fire Department moved into their new centralized fire station located on State Highway 23 where it remains today.

Notable person

 * Marion Marsh Todd, attorney

title: Plymouth, New York


text:
Preston, New York

Preston is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,044 at the 2010 census. Preston is an interior town of Chenango County and is west of the city of Norwich.

History
The first settler arrived circa 1787. The town was formed from the town of Norwich in 1806, but some of Preston was relinquished to Norwich in 1808. In 1816, part of Preston was used to form the new town of McDonough. In 1820, another section of Norwich was added to Preston.

In the year 1865, the population of the town was 982.

The botanist Frederick Vernon Coville (1867–1937), author of Botany of the Death Valley Expedition, was born in Preston.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 90.8 km2, of which 90.3 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.49%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 928 people, 344 households, and 243 families residing in the town. The population density was 26.6 PD/sqmi. There were 426 housing units at an average density of 12.2 per square mile (4.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.74% White, 0.86% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.32% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 344 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,431, and the median income for a family was $37,917. Males had a median income of $26,985 versus $19,200 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,760. About 5.6% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Preston

 * Fly Meadow Creek – A stream flowing southeast through the town to the Chenango River.
 * Nortons Corners – A location in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Preston – The hamlet of Preston is located at the junction of County Roads 4,10, 10A, and 19, and Fly Meadow Creek.
 * Preston Center – A hamlet southeast of Preston village on County Road 4.
 * Steer Pond – A small lake by the western town line.

title: Preston, New York


text:
Smithville, New York

Smithville is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,330 at the 2010 census. The town is at the western border of Chenango County, west of the city of Norwich.

History
The land was first settled around 1797. The town of Smithville was founded from part of the town of Greene in 1808.

The population of Smithville in 1865 was 1,634.

The Smithville Valley Grange No. 1397 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 131.9 km2, of which 130.7 km2 is land and 1.2 km2, or 0.94%, is water.

The western town line is the border of Broome and Cortland counties.

New York State Route 41 intersects New York State Route 220 north of Smithville Flats.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,347 people, 492 households, and 364 families residing in the town. The population density was 26.7 PD/sqmi. There were 672 housing units at an average density of 13.3 per square mile (5.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.62% White, 0.52% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.

There were 492 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,972, and the median income for a family was $37,361. Males had a median income of $28,867 versus $24,063 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,074. About 6.8% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Smithville

 * Adams Corner – A hamlet north of Smithville Center.
 * Buckley Hollow – A location in the southeastern part of the town near the eastern town line.
 * Corbin Corner – A hamlet north of Adams Corner near the northern town line.
 * Dibble Corner – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town, northeast of Smithville Center.
 * East Smithville – A former community in the town.
 * Genegantslet Creek – An important stream in the town. It is a tributary of the Chenango River and part of the Susquehanna River watershed.
 * Lakeview – A hamlet at the western town line by Cortland County on NY Route 41.
 * Lakeville – A hamlet near the western town line and near Cortland County on NY-41.
 * Long Pond – A lake located east of Lakeville.
 * Seebers Tavern – A bar in Smithville.
 * Smithville General Store – A small store along the main street, across from Seebers Tavern.
 * Smithville Center – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town.
 * Smithville Flats – A hamlet and census-designated place in the southwestern section of the town on NY-41 and Genegantslet Creek.
 * Tyner – A hamlet near the eastern town line on County Road 3, east of Smithville Center.
 * Wilcox Corner – A location between Smithville Flats and Smithville Center.

title: Smithville, New York


text:
AuSable, New York

Au Sable, or Ausable, is a town in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 3,146 at the 2010 census. The name is from the Ausable River that flows through the town and means "of sand".

The town is in the southeastern corner of the county, south of Plattsburgh.

History
The land was first settled c. 1795, mostly by people of English descent. The town was formed from part of the town of Peru in 1839.

The AuSable Chasm Bridge was built in 1932–1933.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 113.6 km2, of which 101.3 km2 is land and 12.3 km2, or 10.81%, is water.

The town is bordered by Lake Champlain to the east. The southern town line is the border of Essex County.

Ausable Chasm, a popular tourist location on the Ausable River, is along the southeastern border of the town.

Interstate 87, the Adirondack Northway, is an important north–south highway in Au Sable, with access to the town from Exit 34 (Route 9N). U.S. Route 9 runs closer to Lake Champlain than the Northway. New York State Route 9N runs east–west along the south town line, joining US 9 in Keeseville. New York State Route 22 is a north–south highway mostly lying west of the Northway.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,015 people, 1,180 households, and 831 families residing in the town. The population density was 77.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,347 housing units at an average density of 34.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.78% White, 0.80% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.27% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population.

There were 1,180 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,118, and the median income for a family was $39,906. Males had a median income of $30,213 versus $22,933 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,789. About 7.7% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 14.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Au Sable

 * Au Sable Beach – A location on the shore of Lake Champlain at the mouth of the Au Sable River.
 * Ausable Chasm – A deep gorge carved by the Au Sable River. It is a privately owned tourist attraction. The name is also used by a hamlet in the town next to the gorge.
 * Au Sable River – A river that flows along the town border to Lake Champlain.
 * Birmingham Falls – A historic location near Keeseville.
 * Clintonville – A hamlet near the southern town line on NY 9N. The community was incorporated as a village in 1825, but later abandoned that status.
 * Harkness – A hamlet near the northern town line.
 * Keese Corners – A location near the northern town line.
 * Keeseville – The former village of Keeseville on US-9 at the southern town line. It extends south into the town of Chesterfield in Essex County.
 * New Sweden – A historic location in the town.
 * Rogers – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town on NY 9N.
 * Thomasville – A location in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Union – A historic location at the northern town line.

title: AuSable, New York