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Blue Island, Illinois

Blue Island is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located approximately 16 mi south of Chicago's Loop. Blue Island is adjacent to the city of Chicago and shares its northern boundary with that city's Morgan Park neighborhood. The population was 22,558 at the 2020 United States Census.

Blue Island was established in the 1830s as a way station for settlers traveling on the Vincennes Trace, and the settlement prospered because it was conveniently situated a day's journey outside of Chicago. The late-nineteenth-century historian and publisher Alfred T. Andreas made the following observation regarding the appearance of the young community in History of Cook County Illinois (1884), "The location of Blue Island Village is a beautiful one. Nowhere about Chicago is there to be found a more pleasant and desirable resident locality."

Since its founding, the city has been an important commercial center in the south Cook County region, although its position in that respect has been eclipsed in recent years as other significant population centers developed around it and the region's commercial resources became spread over a wider area. In addition to its broad long-standing industrial base, the city enjoyed notable growth in the 1840s during the construction of the feeder canal (now the Calumet Sag Channel) for the Illinois and Michigan Canal and as the center of a large brick-making industry beginning in the 1850s, which eventually gave Blue Island the status of brick-making capital of the world. Beginning in 1883, Blue Island was also host to the car shops of the Rock Island Railroad. Blue Island was home to several breweries, who used the east side of the hill to store their product before the advent of refrigeration, until the Eighteenth Amendment made these breweries illegal in 1919. A large regional hospital and two major clinics are also located in the city.

Although initially settled by "Yankee" stock, Blue Island has been the point of entry for many of America's immigrants, beginning in the 1840s with the arrival of a large German population that remained a prominent part of the city's ethnic makeup for many years. By 1850, half of Blue Island's population was either foreign-born or the children of foreign-born residents. Later, significant groups came from Italy, Poland, Sweden and Mexico.

The city is one of eleven incorporated areas in Illinois to have been designated by the White House as a "Preserve America" community.

Uptown

Norman Rexford came to Chicago from Charlotte, Vermont in 1835 and in 1836 became the first permanent settler of Blue Island when he established the Blue Island House near the intersection of present-day Western Avenue and Gregory Street just north of the Western Avenue bridge. Before Rexford built the Blue Island House he had constructed a four-room log cabin in the wilderness at the north end of the Blue Island ridge that he intended as a tavern for wayfarers, but after a year realized that the place was not likely to be profitable for him and began to look for another site where he might have more success. Although farther from Fort Dearborn and the settlement at Chicago (which by that time was incorporated and had a population of several thousand persons) by about 3 mi, the new inn was better situated because it was located on the Wabash Road (in Blue Island now Western Avenue), which was then a part of the Vincennes trail that went from Chicago to Vincennes, Indiana. It was considerably larger and more refined than Rexford's previous venture, being a two-and-a half-story white frame building that also had various outbuildings to accommodate the needs of his guests. Because it was a day's journey from Chicago, within a few years the inn became the nucleus for a group of businesses that catered to the soldiers, cattlemen (with their herds) and other travelers who arrived by stagecoach or otherwise frequented the Vincennes trail. Events hosted by the inn frequently lasted until the small hours of the morning, requiring an overnight stay before guests returned the next morning to their homes and places of business in Chicago and the hinterland.

Through the 1970s, Blue Island's central business district ("uptown" to the locals) was regarded as an important regional commercial center, with stores such as Woolworth's, Kline's, Sears, Montgomery Ward, Spiegel and Steak 'n Shake. Today, downtown Blue Island is better known for its antique stores, art galleries, ethnic delicatessens and fine dining. Much of this shift in business activity has been brought on by "big box" development outside of town that space constraints make it impossible for uptown to accommodate. However, several local businesses have served the area for generations: DeMar's Restaurant, for example, opened its doors in 1950; Jebens Hardware was established in 1876; and Krueger Funeral Home was founded in 1858. In the 21st century, the city and a dedicated group of volunteers, working with the Metropolitan Planning Council of Chicago and the Center for Neighborhood Technology devised the Blue Island Plan for Economic Development, which addresses not only the commercial expansion of the historic uptown business district, but also the continued improvement of the housing stock and industrial base.

The Blue Island Opera House was built by Blue Island's first mayor John L. Zacharias to replace the Robinson Block, which was destroyed by the Great Blue Island Fire of that year. The opera house was host to vaudeville and repertoire shows until 1913, when it became the Grand Theater and a venue for motion pictures. In later years the building was home to the Blue Island Sun-Standard newspaper and Kline's Department Store. Although the auditorium has been remodeled out of existence, the building, with its award-winning exterior restoration, today provides both commercial and office space to the historic "uptown" district. The building has been designated as a landmark by the Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission It was designed by the American/Canadian architect Hugh Griffith Jones, who also designed Blue Island's first Greenwood School (demolished) and a commercial building with a flat above (c. 1895, extant, also now a city landmark) for Albert and Emma Schmidt at 312 (now 13022) Western Avenue. The architect's drawings for the opera house were used by Jones in the package he prepared to justify his successful application for membership in the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.

Moraine Valley Community College operates a satellite facility uptown.

The Blue Island Market

For many years on the first Thursday of every month, Western Avenue south of the canal and to the city limits on 139th Street was host to an open-air market, the Blue Island Market, more commonly known as Market Day. The market was a place where farmers from a wide area surrounding Blue Island came to town to sell their wares to each other and to the public at large. As the postcard image to the right shows, items offered included produce, farm equipment, and livestock, with a local band thrown in to provide entertainment. Market Day began sometime in the last quarter of the 19th century and lasted until May 1924, when it was closed by the city council after a gradual influx of peddlers offering shoddy merchandise discouraged farmer participation and the market was deemed a public nuisance.

Brickyards
After it was discovered in the early 1850s that rich deposits of clay surrounded the ridge, Blue Island became the center of a significant brick-making industry that lasted for over a century. In the early years, these efforts were small, with the bricks being made by hand and the turnout created mostly for local use, but by 1886 the Illinois Pressed Brick Company (organized in 1884) was employing about 80 men and using "steam power and the most approved machinery", which allowed them to produce 50,000 bricks per day. By 1900, the Clifton Brickyard alone—which had opened in 1883 under the name of Purington at the far northeast corner of the village —was producing 150,000,000 bricks a year. In 1886, the Chicago architectural firm of Adler and Sullivan designed a large complex for the Wahl Brothers brickyard (the main building of which was 250 by ) on the west side of the Grand Trunk tracks south of 123rd street. These buildings had been demolished by 1935, and all of Blue Island's brickyards were re-purposed by the latter part of the mid-20th century. The larger ones for a while become landfills, and the Wahl Brothers location is now the site of the Meadows Golf Club.

The Portland question
PortlandILLINOIS.JPG do not exist to this day, and several of those that were constructed elsewhere deviate significantly from the way they are charted here. The section of Portland north of the township boundary line (the phantom line in the middle of the map) and west of Division Street was included within the boundaries of the village when Blue Island incorporated as a village in 1872.

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Some sources state  that the city of Blue Island was once officially (or commonly) known as Portland. This claim is erroneous.

"The north end of the bench of land on which Blue Island stands was originally covered with a dense forest, and from Chicago, before the view was obstructed by buildings, this timber presented a blue appearance like smoke. Water was like-mirrored forth by the mirage which almost always prevailed, giving the timber the appearance of land surrounded by water, and it was from this circumstance that the hunters called it Blue Island, which name was perpetuated by my brother getting a Post Office located there, which was also called Blue Island – so much for the name." "'Portland' did not become a river town. Neither did the name 'Portland' ever come into general use. In spite of all the efforts of its promoters to popularize the locality the people preferred to live on top of the hill and call the place 'Blue Island'..." "An Act entitled AN ACT TO CHANGE THE NAME OF PORTLAND IN COOK COUNTY TO THE NAME OF BLUE ISLAND: Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly that the name of the place called Portland in Cook County, Illinois is hereby altered and changed to Blue Island and the same shall hereafter always be known and called by such name of Blue Island. Approved February 24, 1843." At the same time, the post office department in Washington, D.C. changed the name of the post office to "Blue Island". In the 1903 edition of Blue Book for the State of Illinois, the state shows 1843 as the year Blue Island was granted "incorporation under special acts", recognizing the existence of Portland, but not as an incorporated entity. (Blue Island would not officially incorporate for almost another three decades – see below.) "The work of laying ties upon this Road (sic) between Chicago and Blue Island will be commenced next week. Mr. H. Fuller... will complete the work in the course of ten or fifteen days. Two hundred and thirty-six men are now employed on it."
 * Norman Rexford became the community's first permanent resident when he established the "Blue Island House" at the southern edge of the ridge in November 1836, where in 1838 he became the settlement's first postmaster. In his reminiscences published in the Blue Island Standard in 1876, Heber Rexford (who first came to the area in 1834 and was Cook County treasurer at the time of the Great Chicago Fire in 1871) related the following:
 * On April 13, 1839, Peter Barton and his partners (who included Gurdon Hubbard and John H. Kinzie) registered the plat of "Portland" with the state of Illinois. Portland had been laid out on land purchased from the federal government which was situated south of Vermont Street (more or less) and east of Wabash Road (what is now Western Avenue uptown, again, more or less). The Little Calumet River ran through the center of the platted area, and its promoters felt with this advantage that it would become a prosperous river town. They used their influence to have the local post office name changed from Blue Island to Portland (a circumstance that as time went by would be a source of aggravation to the people of Blue Island), and on May 1, 1839, this was accomplished. The post office, however, wasn't located within the platted area of Portland since there were no buildings in which to operate it, but in fact was on contiguous property to the west at the Blue Island House. Portland was never incorporated – it existed for many years by and large only as a plat of survey. No buildings of any consequence were erected there for nearly half a century. While some of the street names from Portland remain (although sometimes not entirely on their original courses), any of them that were laid out (and in fact a majority of them never were) waited in most cases for many years until they were needed. About half of the area was eventually annexed within what would become the corporate boundaries of Blue Island as time went by, and significant other sections of it became parts of the villages of Calumet Park and Riverdale, the Joe Louis the Champ golf course, and unincorporated Calumet Township. According to John Volp, whose family had lived in Blue Island since 1862:
 * For reasons that remain unclear (but most likely because all of the development that was taking place in the area was occurring in the as yet unincorporated settlement of Blue Island to the north and west), the state legislature changed the name of the platted "town" of Portland to correspond with that of its neighbor. From the Laws of Illinois – 1842 and 1843:
 * On April 20, 1850, the post office name was changed to "Worth", this time to coincide with the name of the township in which it was located.
 * The Rock Island Railroad inaugurated service to the community in 1852. From the Chicago Journal, May 27, 1852:
 * The "Rocket", as the train was called, pulled into the Vermont Street station (the only one in town then) for the first time on October 10, 1852. The Rock Island called the station "Blue Island".

 * On January 10, 1860, the post office name reverted again to "Blue Island".
 * On October 26, 1872, Blue Island incorporated as a village using the name by which it has always been known. Although about twenty percent of Portland was included within the corporate boundaries of the new village, that Portland was not an incorporated entity can be determined from the following excerpt that was taken from the petition that was submitted to the state to permit the election to consider incorporation: "... Your petitioners further represent that the territory herein described and bounded is not more than two (2) square miles, and that no part of the same is now included within the limits of any incorporated town, Village or City ..."

Historic buildings and structures
Bertrand Goldberg designed the Dr. Aaron Heimbach House (1939). The house is one of only six surviving residential designs by the architect, and is a designated landmark in the City of Blue Island. In 2009, its owners received the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation Preservation Award from Landmarks Illinois for the outstanding quality of the restoration work performed on the house during the previous four years.

Because of its long history, the built environment of Blue Island exhibits a broad range of architectural styles and periods. Although largely built in the vernacular tradition, the works of notable architects, including Adler and Sullivan, George Maher, August Fiedler, Oscar Wenderoth, Robert Seyfarth, Perkins and Will, and Bertrand Goldberg, are featured throughout the community.

The Bell/Hendriks house was designed and construction in 1947 for the Prize Homes competition which was sponsored and promoted by the Chicago Tribune, and several thousand persons toured the "modified Colonial" home when it was built, with many of the visitors' comments reported in the newspaper during the month the house was open to the public for tours. Opening ceremonies were broadcast over WGN radio, and plans of the house and of the other twenty-three prize-winning designs from the competition were the subject of an exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago the previous year.

The oldest section of Blue Island's city hall, built in 1891, was designed by Edmund R. Krause, who was the architect of the Majestic Building (along with its recently restored Bank of America Theatre) in Chicago's Loop The first buildings of Northwest Gas, Light and Coke Company in Blue Island were designed by Holabird & Roche in 1902 (demolished). The city also has 22 houses known to have been built with mail-order kits sold by Sears Modern Homes. There is one building in Blue Island listed on the National Register of Historic Places, 27 are included as part of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency's Historic Architectural and Archaeology Resources Geographic Information System, and 41 individual buildings and one district have been designated as local landmarks by the Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission. The city's newest development is Fay's Point, a gated community built at the confluence of the Calumet River and the Calumet Sag Channel on the site of the home of Jerome Fay, who had settled there in 1850.

The Libby, McNeill and Libby Building, which operated as Libby, McNeill and Libby's main Midwest processing plant from 1918 to 1968, is a prominent historic remnant of Blue Island's industrial heritage, located three blocks south of downtown Blue Island on Western Avenue.

The American House

One of the oldest buildings in Blue Island, the American House was built in 1839 as the courthouse for Lake County, Indiana—a function it never actually had the chance to serve, as the county seat was moved from Liverpool to Crown Point in 1840. In 1844, the building was disassembled, sent by raft up the Little Calumet River, and reassembled in Blue Island.

The building originally stood on the west side of Western Avenue north of Vermont Street, (where Three Sisters Antique Mall stands today. It was popular among Southerners who used it as a summer boarding house and with the contractors who built the feeder canal for the Illinois and Michigan Canal. After the Civil War it was used as a home for retired soldiers. Although it was built after the invention of balloon framing, the building is constructed using the timber framing method, evidence of which is still clearly visible in the basement and attic. However, while its Greek Revival roots are discernible, the building is much remodeled and serves today as a private residence.

Greek Revival was the architectural style of choice in the early years of Blue Island's history. Many of the buildings that remain from those days have been similarly remodeled, but some of the most well-preserved examples of the style, albeit in a vernacular form, can be seen either in the Walter P. Roche House on York Street or the Henry Schuemann House on Western Avenue.

The Joshua P. Young House
An ad appeared in the book Chicago and Its Suburbs, which was published in 1874 in part to promote the interests of real estate developers in the Chicago area. Note the mention of the firm's holdings in Englewood, South Lawn (later Harvey), Homewood and Washington Heights (later Morgan Park), the latter of which was purchased in 1869 for $150 per acre from the 1500 acre tract that was then being developed by the Blue Island Land and Building Co.

The house was built by Carlton Wadhams (1810–1891), who came to Blue Island in 1839 from Goshen, Connecticut, and farmed on land north of the village until he opened the American House Hotel (building extant) in 1844. During his time in Blue Island, Wadhams made his first fortune as the owner of the hotel and as a cattle dealer, staying until c. 1857 when he sold his holdings and moved to South Bend, Indiana. In South Bend he was one of the founders of the Dodge Manufacturing Company and of the First National Bank, where he was a director until his death. Wadhams sold the house along with all of the property on which it was located, which included the American House and all of the land between what is today Western Avenue, Maple Avenue, Burr Oak Avenue and Vermont Street to Joshua Palmer Young (1818–1889), who, by himself beginning in 1848 and in a partnership with John K. Rowley that was established in 1866, played an important role in the development of the Chicago communities of Beverly Hills, Morgan Park, Near West Side, Washington Heights and Englewood, as well as the suburban communities of Blue Island, South Lawn (now Harvey), Homewood and South Holland.

Young operated the hotel for a time and was otherwise active in local affairs. He served from 1878–1880 as the president of the village board, and was a founder of the Congregational church (now Christ Memorial United Church of Christ). He was one of the incorporators, a director and secretary of the Chicago, Blue Island and Indiana Railroad Company (now part of the Grand Trunk Railway), whose charter was approved by the state of Illinois on March 7, 1867.

The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is included in the State of Illinois' Historic Architectural and Archaeology Resources Geographic Information System.

USS Blue Island Victory
On December 28, 1944, 91 days after her keel was laid, the USS Blue Island Victory was launched from the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland. Dubbed "the Ugly Duckling of the merchant marine" by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Victory ships were armed cargo ships that were built during World War II to transport troops and supplies wherever in the world their services were required. Of the 550 or so built, 218 were named after American cities.

The USS Blue Island Victory was a type VC 2-S-AP2, which was 455 ft long, 62 ft wide, and had a 25 ft draft. It was equipped with a 5 in gun on the stern for enemy submarines, a 3 in anti-aircraft gun, and a 20 mm cannon. The Blue Island Victory served variously as a troop ship and as a cattle transport ship, and saw service in the Korean War. It was scrapped in 1972.

City hall
The oldest portion of Blue Island's city hall was built in 1891 and designed by Edmund R. Krause, a prominent Chicago architect who among other buildings designed the 20-story Majestic Theatre building in Chicago's Loop at what is now 22 W. Monroe Street (the theater, whose interiors were designed by Rapp and Rapp, has been renamed several time in the last fifty years – most recently in 2015 when it became the PrivateBank Theatre). An annex to city hall was built in 1925 according to plans by the Chicago architectural firm of Doerr, Lindquist and Doerr. The design for the annex was apparently a conscious effort to complement the post office building across the street and built using similar brick and a closely related architectural style, although not on as grand a scale. The Blue Island Post Office was designed by Oscar Wenderoth and built in 1914. Wenderoth was associated with the building of many government buildings of the period, including the Senate and House Office Buildings in Washington, D.C.

Beginning in the 1870s, the water supply for Blue Island was supplied by three artesian wells, whose water was pumped by a windmill to a 10 ST storage tank that sat on top of a 50 ft high stone tower behind the City Hall building. The city began to receive its water from Lake Michigan in August 1915 after the water from the wells began to acquire a gaseous odor whose source was apparently the Public Service Company whose facilities were located about a quarter mile to the southwest, and the tank was subsequently removed.

Religion
Although religious gatherings have taken place in Blue Island almost since the community was founded in 1836, the first denominational services took place in 1850 with the founding of the Central Methodist Church (predecessor to today's Grace United Methodist Church). Blue Island continues to respect the tradition of its early settlers by maintaining many of the congregations that were established there during these early years, and also by hosting new places of worship that serve the needs of new residents of this culturally diverse community.

Etymology
The north-central section of the city of Blue Island is located at the south end of a glacial moraine that once was an island when the waters from Lake Chicago covered the surrounding area at the former lake's Glenwood Stage. Early pioneers gave the ridge the name because at a distance it looked like an island set in a trackless prairie sea. The blue color was attributed to atmospheric scattering or to blue flowers growing on the ridge. The Chicago Democrat, February, 1834 described it: "Nearly south of this town and twelve miles [19 km] distant is Blue Island. This name is particularly appropriate. It is a table of land about six miles [10 km] long and an average of two miles [3.2 km] wide, of an oval form and rising some forty feet [12 m] out of an immense plain which surrounds it on every side. The sides and slopes of this table, as well as the table itself, are covered with a handsome growth of timber, forming a belt surrounding about four or five thousand acres of beautiful table land. In summer, the plain is covered with luxurious herbage. It is uninhabited, and when we visited it, from its stillness, loneliness, and quiet, we pronounced it a vast vegetable solitude. The ridge, when viewed from a distance, appears standing in an azure mist of vapor, hence the appellation 'Blue Island'."

Geography
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Blue Island has a total area of 4.16 sqmi, of which 4.07 sqmi (or 97.93%) is land and 0.09 sqmi (or 2.07%) is water.

Surrounding areas

 * Chicago
 * Alsip [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] Chicago
 * Alsip / Robbins [[Image:Left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Right.svg|20px]] Calumet Park
 * Midlothian [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] Riverdale
 * Posen / Dixmoor

Demographics
As of the 2020 census there were 22,558 people, 7,926 households, and 5,457 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,426.51 PD/sqmi. There were 9,137 housing units at an average density of 2,197.98 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 22.53% White, 30.71% African American, 1.93% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 26.47% from other races, and 17.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 51.95% of the population.

There were 7,926 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.42% were married couples living together, 22.63% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.15% were non-families. 26.27% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.45% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.56 and the average family size was 2.91.

The city's age distribution consisted of 24.7% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,859, and the median income for a family was $58,815. Males had a median income of $32,453 versus $30,785 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,061. About 12.4% of families and 18.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.5% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

Blue Island Area Sports Hall of Fame
As part of its focus, the park district serves the needs of the community by sponsoring Little League Baseball, football, softball and other sports activities. It is also host to the Blue Island Area Sports Hall of Fame, which was sponsored by the Blue Island Sun Standard and founded by its sports editor, Don Rizzs. As part of a community that is heavily involved in sports on many levels, the Hall of Fame is a repository of photos and biographies of many individuals who have distinguished themselves on the playing field, both on the local level and in the international spotlight.

Parks and recreation
The park district was formed in 1909 and in 1912 acquired the property of the late Benjamin Sanders, who was Blue Island's first village president when the village incorporated in 1872 and served as the chairman of the building committee of the Cook County Board after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The 9 acre property was laid out by the Chicago engineer V.B. Roberts with architectural work by A.R. Grosse and included Sanders' home, which was remodeled into a field house and also provided living quarters for the park's superintendent. Central Park eventually offered tennis courts, playground equipment, and the community's first swimming pool. It was vacated by the park district in 1965 when St. Francis Hospital acquired the property for $325,000. to build its east campus there.

Memorial Park, the city's next public park, was dedicated on Decoration Day (now Memorial Day), 1922, in ceremonies that were presided over by Brigadier General Abel Davis of Glencoe, Illinois. The section of Memorial Park running adjacent to Burr Oak Avenue with 330 ft of frontage on Highland Avenue had originally been laid out as a cemetery in the early 1850s, when this section of Blue Island was a long walk from the populated section of the town. Although the cemetery was added to and improved in subsequent years, it was closed by village ordinance in 1898, and almost all of the remains interred there were moved to Mt. Greenwood Cemetery in Chicago, which had been developed by citizens from Blue Island. The acquisition of the entire parcel bounded by Burr Oak Avenue, Highland Avenue, Walnut Street and the B & O tracks was completed by the park district in 1935. The park at that point had reached its present size of 10 acre, and eventually, with the help of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Alphabet agencies, was provided with landscaping and acquired an outdoor swimming pool, playground equipment, and an Art Deco stadium that seated 1,000 persons (demolished in December 2009). With the closing of Central Park, Memorial Park has become the flagship of the Blue Island park system.

The 8.5 acre site of Centennial Park on the east side of Blue Island was acquired from the East Side Development Association in 1935 for $11,500. This park provides a field house, athletic fields and playground equipment.

The city operates the Meadows Golf Club, a 6549 yd, 18-hole golf course that was designed by J. Porter Gibson and opened in 1994.

Government
Nearly all of Blue Island is in Illinois's 1st congressional district; the portion east of Interstate 57 is in the 2nd district.

Education

As the largest settlement in the southern part of Cook County in the middle of the nineteenth century, Blue Island was an important trading and cultural center. The village offered educational opportunity to its residents as early as 1845 in the form of a private school for girls that was operated by local citizens, and public education was introduced in 1846 with the construction of a one-room schoolhouse that served the community exclusively for that purpose until the first Whittier School was built in 1854. The one-room schoolhouse was repurposed several times in subsequent years and still stands, much remodeled, as a comfortable house on Greenwood Avenue.

Blue Island hosted a number of educational conferences during the 1850s, and because of this (and through the influence of Benjamin Sanders, whose tenure with the Cook County Board was during that time) Chicago State University was founded in Blue Island in 1867 as the Cook County Normal (or Teacher's) School in the classrooms of the old Whittier School building on Vermont Street. This arrangement lasted until 1870, when the new campus for the college was completed in what is now the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago on 10 acre of land that was donated by L. W. Beck for the purpose in 1868.

The public school district as a legal entity (now Cook County School District 130) was established in 1887, and the current high school district (Community High School District 218) was created in 1927, replacing earlier versions from 1897 and 1903. Blue Island Community High School (now Dwight D. Eisenhower High School) was accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools (now North Central Association – Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement) in 1899. As president of Columbia University, Eisenhower was the keynote speaker at the dedication of the new facility on Sacramento Avenue for Blue Island Community High School in 1951, and the building was renamed in his honor in 1962.

A portion of Blue Island is within the Posen-Robbins School District 143½.

Elementary and middle schools
Most residents of Blue Island live within the boundaries of Cook County School District 130. The grade school district serves not only Blue Island, but also much of Crestwood, some of Robbins and a fraction of Alsip. Residents in the far Southeast of the city have students who attend Calumet Public School District 132. There are no schools from District 132 within the Blue Island boundary.

District 130 Boundaries:
 * Blue Island: 123rd Street and 119th Streets (south sides only); Westside of Division
 * Crestwood: Eastside of Central Avenue; 139th Street to the Turnpike (north sides only)
 * Crestwood/Alsip: 127th Street
 * Robbins/Blue Island: North side of 135th Street

Name changes: Everett Kerr School → Veterans Memorial School (2015) What is now called Greenwood School is not the original (which is located on the corner of 123rd St. and Greenwood Avenue)(Currently inactive)
 * Greenwood School → Blue Island Community High School Freshman Building →
 * Blue Island Community High School → Eisenhower Freshman Campus → Everett Kerr School

Other public schools include:
 * Everett F. Kerr Middle School – 12915 S. Maple Ave. Serving grades 6–8
 * Greenbriar School – 12015 S. Maple Ave. Serving students in alternative placement, grades 1–8
 * Greenwood School – 12418 Highland Ave Presently used as a parent education and training site
 * Horace Mann – 2975 W. Broadway Serving students in pre-K
 * Lincoln Elementary School – 2140 W. Broadway St. Serving students in grades K–3
 * Paul Revere Intermediate School – 12331 S. Gregory St. Serving students in grades 4–6
 * Paul Revere Primary School – 2300 W. 123rd Pl. Serving students in grades K–3
 * Veteran's Memorial Middle School – 12320 S. Greenwood Serving grades 6–8
 * Whittier Elementary School – 13043 S. Maple Serving students in grades 4–6

Private elementary and middle schools include:
 * St. Benedict School – 2324 W. New St.
 * St. Donatus – inactive

High schools
The public high school is:
 * Dwight D. Eisenhower High School – 12700 S. Sacramento Ave.

In 1903, a high school district, separate from District 130 was voted into law by the IL state legislature. For many years (at least until 1938), the superintendent of the high school district was the same for District 130; their school boundaries being virtually identical (the only difference being the inclusion of a cemetery in the high school district!). In August 1927, the Blue Island Community High School District 218 was established. In 1916, there were 250 pupils at Seymour School who were following the high school curriculum. By 1927, the population had grown to 428 pupils despite the fact that the school was built to accommodate 250 students maximum.

There are no active private high schools in the Blue Island community, although the Mother of Sorrows High School for Girls operated from 1954 through 1983. It was run by sisters from the order of the Servants of Mary (Mantellates). There was an attached grade school that served both boys and girls and had a boarding option for students who lived there full time. Most students were boarders.

Higher education

 * Moraine Valley Community College – 12940 S. Western Ave.

Special education
Public schools include:
 * Able Program, Garfield School – 13801 S. Chatham St.
 * Academy for Learning – 13813 S. Western Ave.

Private schools include:
 * Blue Cap School – 2155 W. Broadway St. The keynote speaker for the dedication of Blue Cap in October 1967 was then-Senator Charles H. Percy.

Public transportation
The city is a hub for Metra trains, with six stations, four of them along the Rock Island District line: 119th Street, 123rd Street, Prairie Street, and Vermont Street.

The Rock Island District line splits at Gresham, northeast of Blue Island, and the branch, known alternately as the "Beverly", "Blue Island", or "Suburban" branch, serves the Chicago communities of Gresham, Beverly Hills, and Morgan Park. The Rock Island District uses the stations in Blue Island between 119th Street to the north and Vermont Street, where the tracks rejoin the main line, to the south. The branch line was built in 1888 as a result of efforts by the Blue Island Land and Building Company to promote its interests in what was to become the town, and eventually, the Chicago neighborhood of Morgan Park.

The Vermont Street station—which is one of the oldest in the Metra network, having been built in 1868 —is across the street from the fifth station, which serves as the terminus of a Metra Electric (formerly the Illinois Central) spur line. This depot was witness to national history in a series of events that began on June 29, 1894, when rioting broke out in the Blue Island yards of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad after an appearance by the president of the American Railway Union, Eugene Debs, who had given a speech that day in support of the striking workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company in Pullman, Illinois, four miles (6 km) to the east. During the riot several buildings were set on fire and a locomotive was knocked off the tracks. After numerous incidents in Blue Island and elsewhere that continued through July 2, President Grover Cleveland responded by sending federal troops to Illinois to maintain the peace and to ensure the safe delivery of the mail. Troops arrived in Blue Island on July 4 and remained for several days. The sixth station, also on the electric line, is a half mile north on Burr Oak Avenue (127th Street) and Lincoln Avenue.

Blue Island is also served by Pace Suburban Bus.

Other transportation
Blue Island is 34 mi from O'Hare International Airport and 12.5 mi from Midway International Airport. It is located a half mile west of Interstate 57, one and a half miles east of the Tri-State Tollway, and is bisected by Western Avenue, which in Blue Island is part of the historic Dixie Highway that in its heyday connected Chicago with Miami, Florida.

Public library

A lending library has been in existence in some form or another in Blue Island since about 1845, when Thomas McClintock began to make his private library of about 100 volumes available to the public for a nominal fee. The founding of the library as a publicly supported institution dates to 1854, when the library's collection, which at this time numbered around 800 volumes, was housed in the new Whittier School building on Vermont Street. The library expanded again in 1890 when the Current Topics Club, predecessor to the Blue Island Woman's Club, opened a small reading room above Edward Seyfarth's hardware store on Western Avenue with a collection of about 1,500 books and various periodicals which were acquired with funds that were donated by the community through public subscription. Except for what was in the hands of patrons, this library's collection was destroyed by the Great Blue Island Fire of 1896.

The public library as a taxpayer-supported institution was founded in 1897, and the first building built in Blue Island expressly for the purpose of housing the library's collection (by this time up to 3,200 volumes) was made possible by a matching grant of $15,000 provided by Andrew Carnegie in 1903. This building was demolished in 1969 when the current library, which opened housing the library's collection of over 70,000 volumes, was built. Today, the Blue Island Public Library provides a host of services, including multi-language reading materials, computers with internet access, public meeting rooms and a wide variety of educational programs. The library is a member of the Reaching Across Illinois Library System and is host to the Blue Island Historical Society's award-winning Museum Room.

Health care

Blue Island was for many years home to St. Francis Hospital and its successor MetroSouth Medical Center, long nationally recognized as one of the nation's premier cardiovascular primary care centers. The hospital was founded as Saint Francis Hospital in 1905 by the Sisters of St. Mary (currently the Franciscan Sisters of Mary). They had purchased the home of the late Ernst Uhlich in 1905 for $30,000 and updated its systems to outfit the building for its new purpose. At the time, this section of Gregory Street was lined with churches and the homes of some of Blue Island's more prosperous citizens. The facility was outgrown immediately, and within a few weeks of opening plans were being drawn up to add additional rooms and a laundry so that the hospital could accommodate up to 30 patients. A major addition was added in 1916, at which time the house was converted to office space. It was demolished in 1948 to allow room for the next addition.

The Sisters of St. Mary relinquished ownership of the facility to MetroSouth Medical Center on July 30, 2008. In 2014, U.S. News & World Report ranked MetroSouth as one among the top 25 percent of hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan region and among the top 15 percent in the state of Illinois. Citing "low patient volume" the hospital was closed in 2019.

The campus of the former hospital occupies about 12 acre in the heart of Blue Island's uptown commercial business district.

Notable people

 * Marcheline Bertrand, actress, mother of Angelina Jolie, born in Blue Island
 * Gary Bettenhausen, 1980 & 1983 USAC Silver Crown Series Champion, was born in Blue Island.
 * Peter Brown, singer-songwriter and performer, co-wrote Madonna's song "Material Girl"; born in Blue Island
 * Danny Clark, NFL linebacker 2000–10; born in Blue Island
 * Kris Cooke, Arena Football League player, was born in Blue Island
 * Joe Day, retired ice hockey center
 * John Franklin, actor and writer
 * Bobby Frasor, basketball player for North Carolina's 2009 NCAA champions, was born in Blue Island
 * Curtis Granderson, outfielder for Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, New York Mets, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Toronto Blue Jays; three-time All-Star, was born in Blue Island
 * Marty Grebb, musician
 * Helen L. Koch, developmental psychologist who studied characteristics of twin and non-twin siblings
 * Don Kolloway, Major League Baseball infielder for Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers
 * Ted Leverenz, Illinois businessman and state legislator
 * Tony Lovato, musician in band Mest
 * Pete Lovrich, Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Douglas A. Melton, professor and stem cell research scientist at Harvard University who Time magazine in 2007 included as one of the "...100 men and women whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world."
 * Joe Moeller, Major League Baseball pitcher for Los Angeles Dodgers, was born in Blue Island
 * Rob Ninkovich, defensive end for New England Patriots, two-time Super Bowl champion, was born in Blue Island
 * Romie J. Palmer, jurist and legislator
 * Christian Picciolini, author, Emmy Award winner, social justice activist
 * Bob Pronger, NASCAR Cup Series driver and Chicago Outfit associate, was born & raised in Blue Island.
 * La Julia Rhea (1898–1992), first black performer to star in the title role of a major opera company, in 1937
 * Rick Rizzs, Major League Baseball commentator for Seattle Mariners, grew up in Blue Island
 * Ronald Rotunda, noted Constitutional scholar, Assistant Majority Counsel for the Senate Watergate Committee, and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute, grew up in Blue Island.
 * Eugene Rousseau, saxophonist, was born in Blue Island
 * Robert A. Schuller, televangelist, former minister on the Hour of Power TV show at the Crystal Cathedral, was born in Blue Island
 * Robert E. Seyfarth, early 20th century architect
 * Gary Sinise, actor, director, and musician
 * Del Staecker, author
 * Tom Toth, NFL player, was born in Blue Island
 * George "Babe" Tuffanelli, mafia boss
 * Steve Wojciechowski, MLB pitcher for Oakland Athletics, was born in Blue Island
 * Anthony E. Zuiker, creator of TV series CSI, was born in Blue Island
 * Chip Z'nuff, bassist and frontman of rock band Enuff Z'Nuff, raised and still resides in Blue Island

Writers and literature

Over the years, Blue Island has provided the setting for the works of at least a couple of writers. In 1935, for example, the Chicago playwright and Pulitzer Prize-winning author Margaret Ayer Barnes (1886-–1967) wrote the novel Edna, His Wife, an American Idyll, using Blue Island as the first locale of the four that make up her story (the other three being Chicago, Washington, D.C., and New York City). The book chronicles the life of the title character who spent her formative years in Blue Island but leaves after she marries, becoming increasingly unhappy as she leads a more sophisticated life elsewhere while "...remain[ing] a Blue Island girl at heart." The book was later adapted into a one-woman play by Cornelia Otis Skinner, and her opening night performance of it at the Harris Theater was enthusiastically received by Chicago society, which was pleased to "...have a chance to see a Chicago play in a Chicago theater..."

Twelve years later, Gus the Great, the Book of the Month Club selection for September 1947, was published. The book was a runaway best seller, and its author, Thomas W. Duncan, is reputed to have earned $250,000 in royalties from it, including $100,000  from Universal Studios for the movie rights. It is the story of the life and adventures of Gus Burgoyne, a circus owner of questionable character. Duncan was a college friend of Hill Lakin, the editor of the Blue Island Sun-Standard, and, after a visit to the town's industrial section, he was inspired to use it for several scenes for his book.

Music

Because of the wide popularity of performers such as W. C. Handy, the blues became a popular musical genre during the Roaring Twenties. It is not surprising, then, that when Wendell Hall, Harry Geise and Emory O'Hara were looking for a title for their 1923 composition, they hit upon the name "Blue Island Blues" The sheet music for it was published that year by Waterson, Berlin & Snyder Co. Described by The New York Times art critic John S. Wilson as a "striking and colorful original composition", it is a plaintive love song about a man who is missing his girl and "...has a ticket to Chicago..." that will be used to help him "... lose – those Yesterday's – Blue Island Blues". It was performed in 1923 by Hall with The Virginians on the Victor Talking Machine Company (now RCA Records) record label and again in 1929 by Tiny Parham. An instrumental version is currently available on the CD by George Shearing and Brian Torff entitled Lullaby of Birdland: Blues Alley Jazz/On a Clear Day which was released by Concord Records in 2000.

Television and film
This layout is from a 1911 Sanborn map Founded in 1856 as the Busch and Brandt brewery and consolidated with United Breweries in 1898, this was one of four such establishments that operated in Blue Island for many years. The long narrow building marked "Stable in Bst" was afterwards owned by the Klein Elevator Co., who used it until c.1990, at which time it was demolished.

Because of its picturesque nature, Blue Island has been used for location shots in several movies and television series:
 * Scenes from the 1987 film Light of Day, starring Michael J. Fox, were filmed there, including the scenes at the arcade "The Video Zone," which. for many years after filming was completed, served as a Big Boy submarine sandwich shop until it was demolished in June 2009.
 * Scenes from the 2006 Paramount Pictures film Flags of Our Fathers, directed by Clint Eastwood, were filmed in Blue Island.
 * Scenes from the 2008 Universal Studios film The Express: The Ernie Davis Story, the story of Ernie Davis, who was the first black football player to win the Heisman Trophy, were also filmed here.
 * Scenes from the 2008 film The Lucky Ones were filmed in Blue Island.
 * On October 21, 2010, leaves were plucked from trees and artificial snow fell as New Line Cinema prepared to film exterior shots for the film The Rite.

Blue Island also appeared regularly in the television show Cupid, and two episodes of the TV series Early Edition were filmed there.

Sports
Blue Island is home to Santos Degollado, a soccer team in the CLASA league, and Club Morelia, another soccer team and the 2017 CLASA Mayor Division Champions.

title: Blue Island, Illinois


text:
Bridgeview, Illinois

Bridgeview is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located approximately 15 mi southwest of the Chicago Loop. As of the 2020 census, the village population was 17,027.

History
The earliest settlement in Bridgeview occurred in the 1830s, when the area was still populated by Native American groups. By the 1870s German and Italian settlers began moving into the area for farming purposes. Dutch migrated to the area by the 1920s, at which time farming began to decline; real estate and industry began to develop the area considerably. After Lake Michigan water became available to the area, the population grew significantly. The Bridgeview Community Club was founded in 1938 and became the center of local activities.

Bridgeview was incorporated in 1947 with an initial population of approximately 500 residents. Local residents chose the name "Bridgeview" by one vote over "Oketo", which remains a street name in the village today. The term "Bridgeview" connotes views of the area from the Harlem Avenue bridge, 79th Street bridge and 87th Street bridge.

Arab Americans are a growing presence, making up 10.8 percent of the population in 2020. In 1981, an Islamic social club was established and by 1984 it had become a mosque. Two Islamic schools in Bridgeview educate hundreds of students from K-12.

Bridgeview's motto is "A Well Balanced Community", as the village's zoning is divided equally into residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Its proximity to Chicago's Midway Airport and downtown, along with access to major highways, has made it a crossroads of the inner southwest suburbs.

The Fifth District Circuit Court of Cook County is located in Bridgeview near 103rd Street and 76th Avenue.

Geography
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Bridgeview has a total area of 4.13 sqmi, all land.

The village has a roughly rectangular shape; its borders running north and south stagger between 8300 West and 6800 West, but can generally be defined as between Roberts Road and Harlem Avenue. The southern border of the town is 103rd Street between 76th Avenue and Harlem. The northern border is staggered between 6700 South on the west side of the rail tracks and 6900 South on the east side of the rail tracks.

Bridgeview borders the following communities: Bedford Park, Nottingham Park (unincorporated Cook County, often considered part of Chicago due to its 60638 ZIP code ), Burbank, Oak Lawn, Chicago Ridge, Palos Hills, Hickory Hills and Justice.

Bridgeview is 15 mi southwest of the Chicago Loop.

Demographics
As of the 2020 census there were 17,027 people, 5,613 households, and 3,807 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,119.77 PD/sqmi. There were 6,156 housing units at an average density of 1,489.47 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 70.05% White, 4.04% African American, 3.34% Asian, 0.85% Native American, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 10.72% from other races, and 10.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.44% of the population.

There were 5,613 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.32% were married couples living together, 13.33% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.18% were non-families. 27.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.75% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.27 and the average family size was 2.68.

The village's age distribution consisted of 22.1% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $55,102, and the median income for a family was $64,281. Males had a median income of $40,097 versus $32,451 for females. The per capita income for the village was $26,074. About 11.5% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over. ''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

Harlem Avenue
Numerous self-owned businesses create an atmosphere similar to that of some Arab diaspora communities across the world. Businesses include ethnic grocery stores (containing imported groceries and appliances used to cook regional dishes, cultural souvenirs, and calling cards used specifically for customers to use when speaking to relatives overseas), hookah lounges, and Middle Eastern sweet shops. The majority of Arab business owners on Harlem Avenue are from Palestine and Jordan.

Sports
Bridgeview was the home of the Chicago Fire professional Major League Soccer team between 2006 and 2019, whose stadium was funded and operated by the village. SeatGeek Stadium is also home of the NISA's team, Chicago House AC, the Fire Reserves, Bridgeview Fire Premier,the Chicago Red Stars of the National Women's Soccer League and the Chicago Hounds of Major League Rugby. Toyota Park hosted the 2006 Major League Soccer All-Star Game, and continues to be a premier venue for important concerts. The village has developed a plan to have a mixed commercial and residential zone near the stadium to give the town a commercial and residential hub near the stadium. Development has not yet been approved.

Government
Bridgeview is in Illinois's 6th congressional district.

Education

Public elementary school districts serving Bridgeview include:
 * Indian Springs School District 109
 * Two Indian Springs schools are in the city limits: Bridgeview Elementary School and Lyle Elementary School.
 * Cook County School District 104
 * North Palos School District 117
 * Residential areas of the North Palos School District section are zoned to Dorn Elementary School, Glen Oaks Elementary School, and Conrady Middle School; all three schools are in Hickory Hills.
 * Ridgeland School District 122
 * Residents are zoned to Lieb Elementary in Bridgeview and Simmons Middle School in Oak Lawn.

High school districts:
 * Argo Community High School (District 217)
 * Oak Lawn Community High School (District 229)
 * Consolidated High School District 230
 * Amos Alonzo Stagg High School serves the section of Bridgeview in District 230

Private schools in Bridgeview:
 * Aqsa School (Islamic K-12)
 * Universal School (Islamic K-12)

K-8 private schools in the surrounding area:
 * St. Albert the Great School (Burbank)
 * St. Louis DeMontfort School (Oak Lawn)
 * St. Patricia School (Hickory Hills)
 * Zion Lutheran School (Summit)

Moraine Valley Community College serves area residents.

The Bridgeview Public Library serves residents of the village.

Transportation
Pace provides bus service on multiple routes connecting Bridgeview to destinations across the Southland.

Notable people

 * Mark Barnett, a former professional motocross racer.
 * Brent Bowers, a former MLB outfielder.
 * Todd Rogers, video game player; former resident

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bridgeview, Illinois


text:
Broadview, Illinois

Broadview is a village in Cook County, Illinois, 12 mi west of downtown Chicago. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 7,998.

History
Broadview was incorporated as a village in 1914.

Government

 * Mayor: Katrina Thompson
 * Clerk: Kevin R. McGrier
 * Trustees: Judy Miller, Judy Abraham, Patti Chao-Malave, Andrea Senior, and Jarry Shelby

Geography
Broadview is located in Proviso Township along the western edge of Cook County, at 41.85944°N, -87.85417°W (41.859439, -87.854226).

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Broadview has a total area of 1.78 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the 2020 census there were 7,998 people, 3,009 households, and 1,768 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,500.84 PD/sqmi. There were 3,353 housing units at an average density of 1,886.89 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 71.31% African American, 11.49% White, 2.16% Asian, 0.68% Native American, 8.24% from other races, and 6.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.32% of the population.

There were 3,009 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.56% were married couples living together, 17.91% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.24% were non-families. 37.06% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.38 and the average family size was 2.55.

The village's age distribution consisted of 21.0% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $54,537, and the median income for a family was $80,000. Males had a median income of $40,955 versus $40,028 for females. The per capita income for the village was $29,155. About 5.4% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Maywood-Melrose Park, district 89 and E.F. Lindop school district 92 operates elementary and middle schools.

Proviso Township High Schools District 209 operates public high schools. Portions of Broadview are served by Proviso East High School in Maywood and Proviso West High School in Hillside. Broadview residents may apply to Proviso Math & Science Academy in Forest Park.

Government
Broadview is located in the 7th Congressional District.

Transportation
Pace provides bus service on routes 301 and 322 connecting Broadview to destinations across the region.

Notable people

 * Lee Stange, professional baseball player who grew up in Broadview.

title: Broadview, Illinois


text:
Brookfield, Illinois

Brookfield (formerly Grossdale) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located 13 mi west of downtown Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 19,476. The city is home to the Brookfield Zoo.

History
Before 1803, the area now called Brookfield was mostly covered by prairie grasses, forests, and farms. Large portions of the area were inhabited by the Native Americans who long ago developed agriculture and corn cultivation, built villages and burial mounds, invented the bow and arrow, and made beautiful pottery.

Settlement of the village dates to 1889 when Samuel Eberly Gross, a Chicago lawyer turned real estate investor, began selling building lots plotted from farms and woodlands he had acquired along both sides of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad line, which provided passenger and freight service between Chicago and Aurora, Illinois. "Grossdale", as his development was originally called, offered suburban living at prices affordable to working-class families.

The first two buildings Gross erected were a train station south of the tracks at what is now Prairie Avenue, and a pavilion across the tracks. The original train station was moved across the tracks and a few hundred feet east in 1981, and is now the home of the village's historical society and museum, as well as listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The pavilion housed the first post office, general store, Gross' real estate office, meeting rooms, and eventually a dance hall. Gross offered free train outings from Chicago to Grossdale where the prospects were met at the station by a band and treated to a picnic lunch, with a sales pitch from Gross. In addition to parcels of land, he had a number of house designs to offer at "cheap" prices.

Gross later added the subdivisions of Hollywood (1893) and West Grossdale (1895), each with its own train station. Residents voted to incorporate as the village of Grossdale in 1893. The name was changed in 1905 after residents became displeased with Gross, whose personal life and fortune had floundered. A contest to choose a new name yielded "Brookfield" in respect for Salt Creek, which runs through the area. Gross also has a school named after him called S.E. Gross.

In 1920, the old Plank Toll Road, now called Ogden Avenue (US Hwy 34), was paved, providing easy automobile access to and from Chicago.

The Chicago Zoological Park, commonly called the Brookfield Zoo, opened in 1934. The zoo is located on land given to the Forest Preserve District by Edith Rockefeller McCormick in 1919.

Geography
Brookfield is located at 41.82278°N, -87.8475°W (41.822681, -87.847532).

According to the 2010 census, Brookfield has a total area of 3.067 sqmi, of which 3.06 sqmi (or 99.77%) is land and 0.007 sqmi (or 0.23%) is water.

Most of Brookfield is flat land with various small hills and rises. Along Salt Creek is a steep ravine that is home to many oak savannas. These oak savannas are the primary ecosystem of Brookfield, and sprawl out from large, forested areas into small pockets in the village.

Demographics
As of the 2020 census there were 19,476 people, 6,988 households, and 4,692 families residing in the village. The population density was 6,341.91 PD/sqmi. There were 7,785 housing units at an average density of 2,535.00 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 70.82% White, 3.30% African American, 0.95% Native American, 1.92% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 9.08% from other races, and 13.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.78% of the population.

There were 6,988 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.05% were married couples living together, 9.65% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.86% were non-families. 26.09% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.23% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 2.63.

The village's age distribution consisted of 26.3% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 29.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $84,891, and the median income for a family was $103,072. Males had a median income of $57,343 versus $47,355 for females. The per capita income for the village was $38,222. About 4.3% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Nearly all of Brookfield is in Illinois's 3rd congressional district; the northernmost portion, a largely wooded area north of the zoo, is in the 4th district.

Newspapers and publications
Throughout the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, newspapers published in Brookfield included The Suburban Magnet and Brookfield Star. The largest and most successful newspaper printed in Brookfield was the Brookfield Enterprise. It was started in 1932 by Porter Reubendall, then owned and expanded in the 1950s by Elmer C. Johnson, and ceased publication in 1985.

Public education
Elementary school districts serving sections of Brookfield include: Brookfield School District 95, LaGrange School District 102, Lyons School District 103, and Riverside School District 96.

Brookfield-LaGrange Elementary School District 95 is the primary elementary school district for Brookfield residents, and is made up of one elementary school (Brook-Park Elementary School ) and one junior high school (S.E. Gross Middle School ). Other Brookfield students may attend schools in Riverside School District 96, LaGrange Elementary School District 102, or Lyons School District 103. District 95 and 96 teens then attend Riverside Brookfield High School in District 208, while students from SD 102 and SD 103 (the southeast portion of Brookfield) attend Lyons Township High School, District 204, which has campuses in La Grange and Western Springs.

Transportation
Brookfield's connection to the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy lives on with Metra's BNSF Line, which serves three stations in the Brookfield area: Congress Park, Brookfield, and Hollywood. Metra trains operate daily between Chicago and Aurora. Various Pace bus stops exist throughout the village, as well as common trolleys. The Salt Creek Trail is accessible in town.

Attractions

 * The Brookfield Zoo, managed by the Chicago Zoological Society, is open every day of the year.
 * The Galloping Ghost Arcade is the largest video arcade in the United States, with over 976 video (retro and modern), pinball, and ticket redemption games.
 * North Kiwanis Park is a major area for many annual events such as German Fest, Fall Fest, Battle of the Bands, and the Brookfield Fourth of July Parade.
 * The Brookfield oak savannas are a popular nature preserve, with many animal and plant species.
 * The Grossdale Train Station now houses the Brookfield Historical Society. It is the oldest structure in Brookfield, having been built in the 1880s before the city was founded.
 * Salt Creek flows through many suburbs and is a tributary to the Des Plaines River. The creek is wide and long, with gentle, murky water, good fishing, and vast amounts of wildlife.
 * The Festival of Sausages, a celebration of German heritage, is hosted in Brookfield every year by local resident Chad Vandemark.
 * Jaycee Ehlert Park is the largest park in Brookfield. A North American F-86L Sabre is on display as a Korean War memorial. It was home to Brookfield's renowned carnival, "Brookfest", before it was cancelled in the mid-2000s due to various gang fights and firework malfunctions.

Notable people

 * William L. Blaser, Illinois state representative and businessman
 * Milt Bocek, former outfielder of the Chicago White Sox
 * Douglas Campbell, Green Party candidate from Michigan
 * Michael Colgrass, Pulitzer Prize-winning composer
 * Jim Holvay, guitarist/songwriter for the band The Mob, known for four hit songs written for The Buckinghams ("Kind of a Drag," "Hey Baby (They're Playing Our Song)," "Don't You Care," and "Susan")
 * Chris Klein (actor)
 * Tom Kondla, basketball player with the Minnesota Pipers and Houston Mavericks of the American Basketball Association
 * Joy Layne, 1950s pop singer
 * George Marsh, Medal of Honor recipient during the American Civil War, born and enlisted in Brookfield
 * Lou Saban, football player and coach for several college and professional teams
 * Allen C. Skorepa, lichenologist

title: Brookfield, Illinois