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Victoria, Kansas

Victoria is a city in Herzog Township, Ellis County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,129.

History
The town site originated in the 1867 construction of the Kansas Pacific Railway into western Kansas to connect St. Louis to Denver and to open the land to settlement. The railroad's sudden rerouting and construction west of Junction City was opposed by a Cheyenne military society who attacked the Campbell camp who were establishing a bridge grade across the North Fork of Big Creek at this location (pictured). Commanded by Captain George Armes, the immediate U.S. military response resulted in the Battle of the Saline River, which was followed by two years of open conflict.

Victoria Colony
George Grant was a Scottish entrepreneur who had established wealth and a clientele that counted the British nobility. In 1873, George Grant arrived in Kansas leading a party of 30 young adults and youth of Scottish and English nobility, including some remittance men sent away by their families to live on stipends. Founding the first of several organized transatlantic settlements in Ellis County, Grant intended to create a ranching community, some lesser nobles of the party hoping to establish large estates in the frontier. Notably, this group brought a herd of thoroughbred Aberdeen Angus cattle, some from Queen Victoria's own stock. Including four bulls, this herd is credited with establishing the American Angus breed.

The colony occupied a roughly 10 mile-wide swath land sections from the tracks south to the Smoky Hill River. With the settlement named Victoria to honor the Queen, the Kansas Pacific Railroad immediately constructed a relatively elaborate stone station-hotel for the colony. At Grant's specification, the Victoria Manor had accommodations befitting gentry waiting for completion of their new homes. The ground floor held a ballroom intended for community gathering. Over 200 British arrived in the following years.

Grant brought British architect Robert William Edis to the colony to design his manor house and to layout his dream town. Grant's Villa became a historic landmark, but the ultimate Victoria plat was an unprepossessing 3 by 3 grid of square blocks. Grant also directed the construction of the St. George Episcopal church, a stone building. Completed in 1877, this was the first church built in the county.

Many of the colonists, however, were reputed for being more interested in sports and dancing than in raising livestock, hiring overseers to manage some estates. The home families of the remittance men learned of this and reduced the stipends, driving these colonists to leave. Having lost his fortune, Grant's sudden death in 1878 accelerated the departure of others of the colony. Some returned to Britain; others left for South America. Grant was buried before the steps of the St. George Church, which would never be consecrated. After Grant's death, the Victoria townsite was platted in 1880 by remaining colonists, particularly Margarat Grant Dunan, niece, caretaker, and excecutor of the George Grant estate.

Today, the platted church grounds are a largely unoccupied cemetery with a monument to Grant's contribution to American Angus breeds.

While most of the English left, certain Scottish families remained, notably the descendants of Grant as well as the Philips, four of whom served as Mayor of Hays.

Herzog

 * ''This section covers the Volga German settlement of Herzog. For the broader history of Russian-German immigrants in Ellis County, see Ellis County History, English and Russian-German immigrants.

In 1875, a party of Volga Germans from villages near Saratov, Russia, seeking a place to establish traditional farming villages, were shown locations in Ellis County. The first location, the clay-soiled Ellis County "Hogback" was so disappointing that some in the party resolved to return to Russia. But after being shown locations in the eastern half of the county (the future Catherine and Schoenchen/Pfeifer sites), the party established the first Volga-German village in the county one-half mile north of the tracks from the Victoria Station. The original plat registered for the town is named "Herzog or North Victoria". As the other Volga German villages were formed, Herzog's Roman Catholic settlers built a series of churches which culminated in the construction of St. Fidelis Catholic Church, known as "The Cathedral of the Plains," in 1911. When the German's first arrived at the station, Rev. Laing relates, there was only the station-hotel and one other building in Victoria. Herzog grew rapidly and later adopted the station's name. Herzog and the smaller Victoria merged to incorporate under the name Victoria in 1913.

Such were the numbers of German-Russian settlers in Ellis County and adjoining Rush County, such was their adoption of western Russian farming practice and community structure, and such was their adoption of Russian dress and elements of Russian language, Kansans referred to these settlements as "Little Russia". And such was the importance of Herzog that was soon referred to a "Russia Minor".

A traditional religious community, Herzog's Catholic services were first held in the open around an erected cross, then in the home of Alois Dreiling after it was constructed. A typical two-story, four-room I-frame prairie farmhouse, attendance soon was too much for the flooring to withstand and a wood framed addition was built onto the home to hold church services. This addition is marked as the second church, first Catholic church, built in the county. The growing community soon overwhelmed this facility.

The only Catholic in the Victoria Colony, Sir Walter C. Maxwell had high interest in Herzog and completed a stone church for the town in 1877. This church was overcrowded almost as soon as it was finished.

The Kansas Pacific Railroad donated 10 acres of land for the community's religious use in 1879. Father Anthony Mary, who had previous led the construction of many churches, arrived and in November, 1881, and began construction on the original St. Fidelis Church at Herzog. Seating 600 parishioners, construction began in 1880 and the church was consecrated 1884.

Even as this was soon insufficient for the town and the Catholic villages at large, the St. Fidelis Cathedral, "The Cathedral of the Plains," was constructed over 1908-1911.

Victoria Auxiliary Field
In 1942, the U.S. Army built Walker Army Airfield 3 miles northeast of Victoria. During World War II, thousands were stationed at the airfield, most for training in operation of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber aircraft. The military closed the base in 1946. In 1949, after the formation of the United States Air Force, that service designated the base "Victoria Auxiliary Field", but never operated the facility.

Bypassed by the Interstate
Originally, the Golden Belt Road followed by U.S. Highway 40 passed through Victoria. In 1966, construction of Interstate 70 was completed to in Ellis County, bypassing the state highway designation and its traffic to the north of the town. While the Interstate increased traffic through the general corridor, regional centers such as Hays and Salina found greater expansion in commerce than Victoria.

Geography
Victoria is located on Kansas Highway 255 (K-255) 1 mi south of Interstate 70 in northwestern Kansas, Victoria is approximately 9 mi east of Hays (the county seat), 129 mi northwest of Wichita, and 243 mi west of Kansas City.

The city lies roughly 9 mi north of the Smoky Hill River in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. The city sits on the east side of the North Fork of Big Creek, part of the Smoky Hill River watershed.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.59 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,214 people, 496 households, and 316 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,068.1 PD/sqmi. There were 530 housing units at an average density of 902.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.5% White, 0.3% American Indian, 0.2% African American, 0.1% from some other race, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 496 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30, and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the city was 41.7 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 21.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,125, and the median income for a family was $64,000. Males had a median income of $35,875 versus $26,058 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,636. About 3.2% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
As of 2012, 61.5% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.0% was in the armed forces, and 61.5% was in the civilian labor force with 59.7% being employed and 1.8% unemployed. The composition, by occupation, of the employed civilian labor force was: 26.7% in management, business, science, and arts; 26.2% in sales and office occupations; 17.0% in production, transportation, and material moving; 15.9% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and 14.2% in service occupations. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: educational services, and health care and social assistance (24.1%); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining (10.7%); and Wholesale trade (8.2%).

The cost of living in Victoria is relatively low; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the community is 81.5. As of 2012, the median home value in the city was $101,200, the median selected monthly owner cost was $1,042 for housing units with a mortgage and $428 for those without, and the median gross rent was $555.

Government
Victoria is a city of the third class with a mayor-council form of government. The city council consists of five members, and it meets on the third Monday of each month.

Originally, Victoria was within the organized Victoria Township. However, Victoria Township merged into an enlarged Herzog Township, which had previously absorbed Walker Township and a portion of Saline Township.

Victoria lies within Kansas's 1st U.S. Congressional District. For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is located in the 40th district of the Kansas Senate and the 111th district of the Kansas House of Representatives.

Primary and secondary education
The community is served by Victoria USD 432 public school district, and operates two public schools in the city:
 * Victoria Grade School (Grades Pre-K-6)
 * Victoria High School (7-12)

Transportation
Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 run concurrently east-west roughly one mile north of Victoria. K-255 runs north–south from I-70 to Victoria's northern city limits.

The Kansas Pacific (KP) line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs northeast–southwest through the southern part of the city.

Utilities
Water distribution, sewer maintenance, and trash removal are the responsibility of the city government. Midwest Energy, Inc. provides electric power. Local residents primarily use natural gas for heating fuel; service is provided by Kansas Gas Service.

Media
Victoria is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.

Events
The Herzogfest is Victoria's annual community festival, held to celebrate the city's ethnic German heritage. Held in August, it includes music concerts, a tractor pull, games for children, and other local entertainment. There is delicious food from the German heritage and other vendors.

Points of interest

 * The Basilica of St. Fidelis, known as "The Cathedral of the Plains", is located in Victoria. Local Roman Catholic residents, having outgrown a series of church buildings as their population grew, began construction of the church in 1908. Built from native limestone based on plans by noted church architect John T. Comes, St. Fidelis Catholic Church was completed in 1911. William Jennings Bryan gave the church its nickname during a visit in 1912. In June 2014, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salina dedicated the church as a minor basilica, renaming it the Basilica of St. Fidelis.

 * Grant Cemetery is a preservation of the gravesites of George Grant and a few others dating to the 1880s on the grounds of the St. George Church, founded by Grant. Every 50 years, the American Aberdeen-Angus Breeders' Association commemorates the 1873 establishment of the first Aberdeen Angus herd in the United States. For the centennial in 1973, Hays artist Pete Felten Jr. installed a limestone sculpture of a Black Angus.

 * Railroad Workers Cemetery is a preservation of the gravesites of a party of workers who were killed in 1967 while excavating the approaches to the railroad bridge just to the north. They were killed by Cheyenne Dog Soldiers who rejected the treaty permitting the construction, this action triggering the Battle of the Saline River.

 * St. Fidelis Cemetery contains over 100 traditional German iron cross grave markers, the most iron crosses of the cemeteries in the Volga-German settlements. This cemetery also has a number of gravestones that were carved from the region's unusual Fencepost limestone by John Linenberger.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Victoria include:
 * Monty Beisel (1978- ), football linebacker
 * Lucy Isabella Buckstone (1857-1893), actress
 * Nate Dreiling (1990- ), football linebacker
 * James "Scotty" Philip (1858-1911), American bison rancher
 * Theodore McCarrick, laicized American cardinal of the Catholic Church and former Archbishop of Washington, D.C.

Sister cities

 * 🇩🇪 Kubelstein, Scheßlitz, Germany

title: Victoria, Kansas


text:
Ellsworth, Kansas

Ellsworth is a city in and the county seat of Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 3,066. Known as a cow town in the 1870s, when the Kansas Pacific Railroad operated a stockyard here for shipping cattle to eastern markets, in the 21st century, it serves as the trading center of the rural county.

19th century

Once called "The Wickedest Cattletown in Kansas", the city is named for Fort Ellsworth, which was built in 1864. Due to speculation on imminent railroad construction, the population of Ellsworth boomed to over two thousand by the time it was incorporated in 1867. It has since been said, "Abilene, the first, Dodge City, the last, but Ellsworth the wickedest".

Ellsworth was a bustling cattle town for a time during the late 1860s, when the Kansas Pacific Railroad had a stop and stockyards there. Cattle were driven up from Texas to this point, and then shipped to major markets. Often cowboys had the run of the town. In 1875 Kansas Pacific closed its cattle pens, moving to another location. The cattle trade dwindled to almost nothing by the mid-1880s.

During the late 1860s into the 1870s, Ellsworth was known for being one of the "wickedest" cattle towns, the scene of numerous killings following shootouts between drunken cowboys. The town sported numerous saloons, brothels and gambling halls, with prostitution being rampant. Wild Bill Hickok ran for Ellsworth County Sheriff in 1868, but was defeated by veteran Union Army soldier E. W. Kingsbury. Kingsbury was an effective lawman, but relied on local marshals to patrol the town, as he also had to police the county. Violence in Ellsworth was commonplace among the cowboys and people associated with them. Ellsworth marshal Will Semans was shot and killed on September 26, 1869, while attempting to disarm a rowdy man in a dance hall.

For a time during this period, two small-time outlaws known only as Craig and Johnson began bullying people around the community, often committing armed robbery. After Semans' murder, they operated openly. Before long, citizens formed a vigilance squad and captured both men, hanging them in a lynching near the Smoky Hill River. Chauncey Whitney, a deputy to Kingsbury, took over following Sheriff Kingsbury's departure. Whitney quickly gained a reputation as being both tough and respectable, and was well liked. The scale of business is shown by construction of the Drovers Cottage in 1872. It could accommodate 175 guests, and stable 50 carriages and 100 horses.

Lawman Wyatt Earp claimed to have served in Ellsworth for a short time. He also later claimed to have arrested gunman Ben Thompson there. But Thompson was arrested by Deputy Ed Hogue after his brother Billy Thompson accidentally shot and killed Ellsworth County Sheriff Chauncey Whitney in 1873. Billy Thompson fled, fearing that he would be lynched for the death of the popular sheriff. Thompson was eventually captured and put on trial, but was acquitted in the shooting. Sheriff Whitney, a friend to both Thompsons, had told bystanders before his death that the shooting was an accident.

By the late 1870s the crime rate had dropped dramatically, as fewer cowboys came through after Kansas Pacific closed its stockyard here. Cattle drives were directed to other market cities, such as Dodge City. Ellsworth suffered economically.

In 1888, the Kansas Midland Railway Company built between Wichita and Ellsworth. The line was purchased in 1900 by the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (the "Frisco"). The Frisco operated the line for many years, but it has since been abandoned.

21st century
Ellsworth has been developing heritage tourism related to its unique 19th-century history. The city and activists have plans to restore Ellsworth's Signature Insurance Building for use as the National Drovers Hall of Fame. Funds for the project are being raised party from an annual cattle drive down Main Street and Douglas Avenue; it is one of the few in the United States that is historically accurate.

Geography
Ellsworth lies on the north side of the Smoky Hill River in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Oak Creek, a tributary of the Smoky Hill, flows south past the eastern side of the city to its confluence with the river southeast of the city.

Ellsworth is located at the intersection of K-14, K-140, and K-156 in central Kansas roughly 27 mi west-southwest of Salina, Kansas. Ellsworth is approximately 110 mi northwest of Wichita and 212 mi west-southwest of Kansas City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.43 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Ellsworth falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) if the 0 °C isotherm is used or a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) if the -3 °C isotherm is used. Summers are hot and humid and winters are moderately cold with wide variations in temperature. The average annual temperature is 53.3 °F, and the average yearly precipitation is 30.87 in. Snowfall averages 16.2 in per year. On average, July is the warmest month, January is the coldest month and driest, and May is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in was 117 F on August 12–13, 1936, while the coldest temperature recorded was -30 F on January 8, 1913.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 3,066 people, 969 households, and 551 families in Ellsworth. The population density was 1,281.2 per square mile (494.7/km$2$). There were 1,144 housing units at an average density of 478.1 per square mile (184.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 84.15% (2,580) white or European American (79.42% non-Hispanic white), 7.96% (244) black or African-American, 1.27% (39) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.49% (15) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.82% (25) from other races, and 5.32% (163) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 7.21% (221) of the population.

Of the 969 households, 24.1% had children under the age of 18; 44.6% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 39.4% of households consisted of individuals and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.7. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.6% of the population.

16.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 57.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 52.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $53,547 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,733) and the median family income was $76,125 (+/- $23,135). Males had a median income of $27,146 (+/- $5,757) versus $32,944 (+/- $5,231) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,033 (+/- $4,968). Approximately, 3.0% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under the age of 18 and 4.5% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,120 people, 997 households, and 639 families living in the city. The population density was 1284.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,154 housing units at an average density of 474.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.9% White, 9.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.2% of the population.

There were 997 households, of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the city was 38.4 years. 17% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.5% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 61.9% male and 38.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,965 people, 995 households, and 641 families living in the city. The population density was 1,413.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,141 housing units at an average density of 543.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 88.40% White, 7.55% African American, 0.94% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.94% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.95% of the population.

There were 995 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 17.3% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 132.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 139.9 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $35,625, and the median income for a family was $45,156. Males had a median income of $30,233 versus $19,762 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,396. About 3.8% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Ellsworth government consists of an elected mayor and five council members, who are also elected. The council meets the 2nd and 4th Monday of each month at 5:30PM.
 * City Hall, 121 W First St.

Education
The community is served by Ellsworth USD 327 public school district. The district high school, Ellsworth Jr/Sr High School, is in Ellsworth. The Ellsworth High School mascot is Ellsworth Bearcats.

Media
Ellsworth has a weekly newspaper, the Ellsworth County Independent/Reporter.

K243AR, a translator of radio station KRSL in Russell, Kansas, broadcasts from Ellsworth on 96.5 FM playing a Christian format.

Infrastructure
In 2008, TradeWind Energy and Enel North America made Ellsworth and Lincoln counties home to the Smoky Hills Wind Farm. Its 155 wind turbines have a total capacity of 250MW and are installed on approximately 20,000 acres of agricultural land. Some 100 landowners have lease arrangements to have the Smoky Hills Wind Farm's turbines installed on their properties. The wind farm generates enough power to satisfy energy consumption requirements of 85,000 homes.

The Post Rock Wind Farm is a 200 MW wind power facility in Kansas, reaching across Ellsworth and Lincoln counties. Post Rock Wind consists of 134 three-bladed 1.5 MW GE wind turbines. Pattern Energy owns 60% of the project, equal to 120 MW. The facility, which reached commercial operation in October 2012, sells 100% of its electrical output under a long-term power purchase agreement with Westar, which has a BBB+ credit rating. Post Rock Wind facility spreads across an area of 23,000 acres in Ellsworth and Lincoln counties of Kansas

Notable people

 * Keith L. Ackerman, Episcopal bishop
 * Kaden Davis, NFL player
 * Kelvin Droegemeier, professor and research meteorologist, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President
 * Wyatt Earp, lawman
 * Robert Herbert Mize, Jr., Anglican bishop
 * John Morco, gunfighter
 * Ben Thompson, gunfighter
 * Billy Thompson, gunfighter
 * Libby Thompson, prostitute

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ellsworth, Kansas


text:
Holyrood, Kansas

Holyrood is a city in Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 403.

History
Holyrood was founded in 1874 and was established as a city in 1886. The original site of Holyrood was a half-mile south of Holyrood's present site. When settlers first moved into the area, dugout houses were the home of choice. The first settlers of Holyrood were Irish, but they were soon followed by people of German and Czech Origin. Some of the first names to appear in the area were Phelan, Corrigan, Schepmann, and Siemsen as noted in the St. Peter Lutheran Church's earliest records.

The first post office in Holyrood was established in June 1874, but the name of the post office was spelled Hollyrood. The name was changed on July 26, 1898. The first postmaster was John Corrigan who served for over four years. Corrigan hailed from Holyrood, Ontario, Canada. The name of Holyrood originally comes from Holyrood Abbey, today known as the Abbey and Palace of Holyroodhouse, in Edinburgh, Scotland. Through Corrigan, the town can directly trace its name to the town of Holyrood, Ontario, Canada, a town settled by Scottish people.

During the first several decades of Holyrood's existence, church worship was held in the homes of local farmers, funerals were at the home of the deceased, and marriages were performed in the home of the bride's parents. In 1883, the first church of Holyrood was organized: the St. Peter's Lutheran Church. The first building for the Lutheran congregation was built one mile southeast of Holyrood. In 1908, the parsonage was moved into town.

To meet the needs of the Catholic settlers, St. Mary's Catholic Church was constructed. Date of construction is given as both 1886 and 1889. The Church was originally called The Church of the Holy Rood (Cross), but the name was later changed.

Next came the St. Paul's Evangelical church. Land for this church was bought on March 27, 1892, and constructing of the church was finished in September 1892. The church served its purpose for 35 years until it was dismantled and a new brick church was constructed in its place. The church was later renamed the United Church of Christ.

The first official school of Holyrood opened its doors in 1895 and catered to first through ninth grade. Before then, school was held in the homes of settlers or at the Lutheran Church. In 1906, a new school was constructed followed by another new elementary school in 1930. Holyrood High School was established in 1920.

Holyrood has had two local newspapers: The Holyrood Banner and the Holyrood Gazette. One of the most well known columns in the Holyrood Gazette was written by Leonard Sekavec and was known as "Sek's Appeal." The columns written by Sekavec had not only been printed in the Gazette, but also had been quoted in other newspapers including ones from New York and Los Angeles. Sekavec wrote the column for forty years and was also the editor of the Holyrood Gazette.

The city's current slogan is "A Little City with Lots of Pride."

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.43 sqmi, of which, 0.42 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 403 people, 190 households, and 111 families in Holyrood. The population density was 937.2 per square mile (361.9/km$2$). There were 236 housing units at an average density of 548.8 per square mile (211.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.57% (365) white or European American (89.83% non-Hispanic white), 0.5% (2) black or African-American, 0.25% (1) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.5% (2) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.99% (4) from other races, and 7.2% (29) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.73% (11) of the population.

Of the 190 households, 24.2% had children under the age of 18; 49.5% were married couples living together; 26.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 35.3% of households consisted of individuals and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.7. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 25.3% of the population.

20.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 23.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 107.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $76,667 (with a margin of error of +/- $15,136) and the median family income was $79,861 (+/- $14,594). Males had a median income of $51,736 (+/- $6,280) versus $19,205 (+/- $10,633) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $28,500 (+/- $9,155). Approximately, 6.4% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.0% of those under the age of 18 and 19.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 447 people, 202 households, and 128 families residing in the city. The population density was 1064.3 PD/sqmi. There were 259 housing units at an average density of 616.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.1% White, 0.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 202 households, of which 25.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.76.

The median age in the city was 49.4 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.6% were from 25 to 44; 33.1% were from 45 to 64; and 23.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 464 people, 213 households, and 138 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,238.4 PD/sqmi. There were 265 housing units at an average density of 707.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.49% White, 1.08% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.16% of the population.

There were 213 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.72.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 25.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $31,354, and the median income for a family was $37,417. Males had a median income of $30,125 versus $23,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,272. About 6.0% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Holyrood government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 1st and 3rd Monday of each month at 6:30 pm.
 * City Hall, 110 S Main.

Education
The community is served by Central Plains USD 112 public school district and home to Central Plains Elementary School. The Central Plains High School mascot is Central Plains Oilers. The Oilers won the Kansas State High School 8-Man DII football championship in 2014.

Holyrood schools were closed through school unification. The Holyrood High School mascot was Holyrood Cardinals.

Notable people

 * James Fugaté, author (as James Barr) of gay themed novels, plays, and articles
 * Fay Thomas, baseball player

title: Holyrood, Kansas


text:
Kanopolis, Kansas

Kanopolis is a city in Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 443. It was built on the site of Fort Harker, a United States Army post that housed infantry and cavalry troops involved in the Indian Wars from 1867 to 1872.

Early history
For millennia, the Great Plains of North America were inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th to 18th centuries, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, by the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized under the provisions of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1867, Ellsworth County was established, which included the land for Kanopolis.

Pre-Kanopolis
Fort Ellsworth was the first frontier fort established in the Kanopolis area. It was built by the United States Army in August 1864 at the junction of the Fort Riley-Fort Larned Road and the Smoky Hill Trail, near the Smoky Hill River. Its purpose was to protect construction of the Union Pacific railroad from Native American raids. In November, 1866 Fort Ellsworth changed its name to Fort Harker after the death of General G.H. Charles Harker, who was killed in battle in 1864.

By this time, the fort had grown in importance as a military staging post and supply depot for forts further west, and needed to expand to continue meeting its mission. As a result, on November 17, 1866, the Army ordered the construction of a new fort approximately three-quarters mile east of the current location. The original Fort Ellsworth was closed in early 1867, and the community of Ellsworth was founded in its place.

In January 1867, Fort Harker was relocated approximately three-quarters mile east of the old location to an open prairie about one mile north of the Smoky Hill River. This new location featured a "large, well-equipped" hospital," which housed those were ill. The hospital was surely busy, as about 200 people died in 1867 from cholera in and around the Fort Harker area. For the next five years, Fort Harker became one of the most important military stations west of the Missouri River.[cite the Guardhouse national register nomination] It used 700 soldiers and twice as many civilian employees, as well as 400 horses and mules. Additionally, the mail to all military posts down the Arkansas river, as well as many posts in Colorado and New Mexico, was supplied from Fort Harker.

Over the coming years, the threat of Native American raids in the region diminished as territory was secured and railroad construction moved west. No longer of geographic significance, Fort Harker was abandoned on April 2, 1872 and the war department ordered it to be closed shortly thereafter. Its garrison was relocated west to Fort Hays. In the winter of 1872-1873, Fort Harker briefly stationed troops once more before being deserted one final time. In the following years, Fort Harker became the "Fort Harker Military Reservation".

Kanopolis begins
In June 1880, the Senate passed bill S.194, an act disposing Fort Harker Military Reservation of public ownership and giving the 10,240 acre tract of land to the Interior Department for sale. A Dr. Hodge acquired the land and sold it to Col. Henry Johnson for $4,177.50 in August, 1881. In summer of 1885, a seventeen-member group of capitalists based in Ohio led by Ross Mitchell (president), F.M. Bookwalter (vice president), and John H. Thomas (treasurer) purchased 4,740 acres of the land, including Fort Harker and its buildings, for $71,000 from Col. Johnson. Imagining their newly acquired land would soon become a "Central Metropolis," and a future capitol because of its location, the group became chartered as the Kanopolis Land Company on March 15, 1886, with a capital stock of $500,000. They laid out land for 150,000 people, and shortly after, the town of Kanopolis was founded.

Optimism and boosterism

The Kanopolis Land Co., with editor R.V. Morgan, advertised in other newspapers and in a paper of their own called The Kanopolis Journal to attract buyers to Kanopolis. These advertisements serve as examples of the boosterism characteristic of the frontier west. One from May 1886 proclaimed Kanopolis "is destined to be the railroad, commercial, and manufacturing capital of Kansas" and said buying land in Kanopolis is the "Best investment in the world." Another in July 1887 declared it to be the only town in the state with railroads running north, south, east, and west and also claimed to have seven factories, thirteen stores, and a hotel. It reported the population to be 600 when the town was "scarcely" one year old.

More hyperbolic than the advertisements in other newspapers was The Kanopolis Journal. It boasted Kanopolis to have "woolen mills, iron factories, carriage works, flour mills, wholesale houses, banks, a drug store, and an opera house, doctors, and machine shops," as well as a brewery. Additionally, the journal predicts Kanopolis would soon be the furniture hub of the midwest, saying it "is not one-half the distance from a limitless supply of walnut, oak, ash, poplar and all lumber needed in the manufacture of furniture as is Grand Rapids, Michigan, which owes its prosperity to the furniture business." It said that in forty years it will have 500,000 inhabitants, as it had already "grown as populous as Cincinnati did in eleven years or Cleveland did in thirty years." The journal also describes giant potatoes, cabbage leaves that "are used for circus tents," jack rabbits that "grow as large as horses," and pea pods that "are used as ferry boats on the Arkansas river." It also claims "A man planted a turnip one mile from the railroad last summer and the company sued him for obstructing the track before the middle of July." Additionally, the journal says that "North of Kanopolis are several lakes of strained honey, and we also often have showers of rosewater and cologne in the early spring." The journal even says the area around Kanopolis is the real garden of Eden, and that there is a fig tree that Eve herself used to make her first clothes, and that the tree is "like our flag - it is still there, and furnishes evidence which our oldest inhabitants dare not dispute.... This settlement of Western Kansas is restoring Eden to its primitive glory and men to their first estate."

Shy of expectations
Kanopolis, for a variety of reasons, never became the "Queen City of the Midwest" that its backers "ballyhooed" it would become. Perhaps its biggest injury was when it lost a referendum by 75 votes to become the seat of Ellsworth County. Also, it had some contemporary antagonists. An editorial in a January 1887 paper from the Leavenworth Times calls Kanopolis a "buffalo wallow," a "scheme," and a "fraud" from an "eastern syndicate". A lawsuit between the Kanopolis Land Co. and R.V. Morgan in 1895 ensued, likely detracting from the company's ability to advertise and sell land. By 1906, Kanopolis' population had fallen to 264.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.20 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kanopolis has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 443 people, 205 households, and 111 families in Kanopolis. The population density was 376.1 per square mile (145.2/km$2$). There were 255 housing units at an average density of 216.5 per square mile (83.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 92.1% (408) white or European American (88.94% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.9% (4) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.9% (4) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 2.26% (10) from other races, and 3.84% (17) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 9.03% (40) of the population.

Of the 205 households, 20.0% had children under the age of 18; 42.9% were married couples living together; 29.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 42.4% of households consisted of individuals and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.9 and the average family size was 2.5. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 14.7% of the population.

24.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 106.8 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $46,250 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,530) and the median family income was $51,944 (+/- $12,652). Males had a median income of $42,500 (+/- $7,614) versus $32,500 (+/- $5,756) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $37,667 (+/- $4,016). Approximately, 8.2% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.9% of those under the age of 18 and 6.6% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 492 people, 235 households, and 151 families residing in the city. The population density was 410.0 PD/sqmi. There were 273 housing units at an average density of 227.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.5% White, 1.2% Native American, 0.6% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.4% of the population.

There were 235 households, of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.58.

The median age in the city was 48.7 years. 16.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.9% were from 25 to 44; 34.8% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.8% male and 48.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 543 people, 248 households, and 153 families residing in the city. The population density was 453.7 PD/sqmi. There were 295 housing units at an average density of 246.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.21% White, 0.37% African American, 0.18% Asian, 2.76% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.71% of the population.

There were 248 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $31,413, and the median income for a family was $39,531. Males had a median income of $30,170 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,161. About 4.6% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economics
Independent Salt Company is located over a mile northeast of in Kanopolis.

Government
The Kanopolis government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 2nd Tuesday of each month at 7PM.
 * City Hall, 119 N Kansas.

Education
The community is served by Ellsworth USD 327 public school district. The district high school is located in Ellsworth. The Ellsworth High School mascots are the Ellsworth Bearcats.

Kanopolis High School was closed in school unification. The Kanopolis High School mascot was Kanopolis Bulldogs.

Parks and recreation

 * Kanopolis Lake and Kanopolis State Park
 * Mushroom Rock State Park
 * Faris Caves
 * Kanopolis Drive-in Theatre

title: Kanopolis, Kansas


text:
Lorraine, Kansas

Lorraine is a city in Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 137.

History
Lorraine was founded in 1888.

Lorraine was incorporated on June 13, 1923 as a 3rd class city of Kansas.

The first post office in Lorraine was established in February, 1888.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.25 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 137 people, 53 households, and 34 families in Lorraine. The population density was 541.5 per square mile (209.1/km$2$). There were 61 housing units at an average density of 241.1 per square mile (93.1/km$2$). The racial makeup was 78.83% (108) white or European American (75.91% non-Hispanic white), 2.19% (3) black or African-American, 2.19% (3) Native American or Alaska Native, 2.92% (4) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 3.65% (5) from other races, and 10.22% (14) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 10.95% (15) of the population.

Of the 53 households, 45.3% had children under the age of 18; 49.1% were married couples living together; 15.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 30.2% of households consisted of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 4.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 13.1% of the population.

32.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 13.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 91.7 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $41,875 (with a margin of error of +/- $28,258) and the median family income was $64,688 (+/- $36,077). Males had a median income of $47,500 (+/- $16,219). The median income for those above 16 years old was $39,375 (+/- $19,383). Approximately, 0.0% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 138 people, 47 households, and 40 families residing in the city. The population density was 552.0 PD/sqmi. There were 65 housing units at an average density of 260.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White, 0.7% Native American, 1.4% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.6% of the population.

There were 47 households, of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.5% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 14.9% were non-families. 8.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.10.

The median age in the city was 40.5 years. 30.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.3% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 15.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.2% male and 47.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 136 people, 50 households, and 41 families residing in the city. The population density was 574.8 PD/sqmi. There were 66 housing units at an average density of 279.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.59% White, 3.68% African American, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.68% of the population.

There were 50 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.0% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,167, and the median income for a family was $35,417. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,576. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Government
The Lorraine government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 2nd Tuesday of each month at 7PM.
 * City Hall, 239 Main St.

Education
The community is served by Central Plains USD 112 public school district. The Central Plains High School mascot is Central Plains Oilers. The Oilers won the Kansas State High School 8-Man DII football championship in 2014.

Lorraine schools were closed through school unification. The Lorraine High School mascot was Lorraine Huskies.

title: Lorraine, Kansas


text:
Wilson, Kansas

Wilson is a city in Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States. The community promotes itself as the "Czech Capital of Kansas" due to the role of Czech immigrant settlers in its early history. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 859.

History
The Butterfield Overland Despatch built a stagecoach station one-half mile south of present-day Wilson in 1865. Three years later, the Kansas Pacific Railway built Wilson Station, named after the surrounding township, at the modern town site. In 1871, The National Land Company surveyed and planned the first town there, naming it Bosland in the hopes of attracting the cattle trade. Settlers from Pennsylvania, including some Pennsylvania Dutch, arrived over the following year. The settlement never became a center of the cattle trade, however, and continued to be known as Wilson, a name the U.S. Post Office officially codified in 1873.

Beginning in 1874, Czech immigrants from Bohemia came to Wilson to work on the railroad, establishing the town as an area center of Czech culture.

Wilson was incorporated as a city in 1883.

Geography
Wilson is located in north-central Kansas 1.5 mi south of the intersection of Interstate 70 and Kansas Highway 232 (K-232), Wilson is 95 mi northwest of Wichita, 205 mi west of Kansas City, and 15 mi northwest of Ellsworth, the county seat.

Wilson lies in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains approximately 2 mi north of the Smoky Hill River and 6 mi south of Wilson Lake. Wilson Creek, a tributary of the Smoky Hill, flows south along the east side of the city.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.60 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 781 people, 331 households, and 203 families residing in the city. The population density was 1301.7 PD/sqmi. There were 405 housing units at an average density of 675.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.9% White, 0.4% African American, 0.1% American Indian, 0.3% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 3.5% of the population.

There were 331 households, of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.7% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the city was 47.6 years. 20.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19% were from 25 to 44; 29.2% were from 45 to 64; and 24.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,250, and the median income for a family was $55,542. Males had a median income of $37,273 versus $20,417 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,109. 5.2% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 799 people, 333 households, and 205 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,436.7 PD/sqmi. There were 406 housing units at an average density of 730.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.87% White, 0.13% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population.

There were 333 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 28.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $34,821, and the median income for a family was $47,768. Males had a median income of $28,173 versus $23,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,622. About 2.0% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

As of 2012, 67.2% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.0% was in the armed forces, and 67.2% was in the civilian labor force with 65.4% being employed and 1.9% unemployed. The composition, by occupation, of the employed civilian labor force was: 26.7% in service occupations; 26.3% in management, business, science, and arts; 21.9% in production, transportation, and material moving; 12.5% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and 12.5% in sales and office occupations. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: educational services, health care, and social assistance (19.5%); manufacturing (15.5%); and public administration (11.3%).

The cost of living in Wilson is relatively low; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the city is 79.2. As of 2012, the median home value in the city was $49,000, the median selected monthly owner cost was $761 for housing units with a mortgage and $324 for those without, and the median gross rent was $510.

Government
Wilson is a city of the third class, according to state statute, with a mayor-council form of government. The city council consists of the mayor and five council members, and it meets on the first and third Monday of each month.

Wilson lies within Kansas's 1st U.S. Congressional District. For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is located in the 35th district of the Kansas Senate and the 108th district of the Kansas House of Representatives.

Education
The community is served by Central Plains USD 112 public school district. Wilson High School is one of two high schools in the district along with Central Plains High School. The Wilson High School mascot is Wilson Dragons.

Transportation
Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 run concurrently east-west 1.5 mi north of the city, intersecting K-232 which runs north-south along the eastern edge of the city. K-232 terminates at its intersection with the old alignment of U.S. 40 which runs northwest-southeast through Wilson.

The Kansas Pacific (KP) line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs northwest-southeast through Wilson, parallel to the old alignment of U.S. 40.

Utilities
Rolling Hills Electric Co-Op, Inc. provides electric power. Wilson Communications offers landline telephone, internet and cable tv service. The city government is responsible for water provision. Local residents primarily use natural gas for heating fuel; service is provided by Midwest Energy.

Media
Wilson is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.

Events
Due to the number of Czech immigrants who settled the area in 1874, Wilson was proclaimed the "Czech Capital of Kansas" on July 10, 1967 by Kansas Governor Robert Docking. As of 2012, 14.4% of the city population claimed Czech ancestry. To celebrate this heritage, the city holds an annual After Harvest Czech Festival on the last Saturday in July. The festival includes displays of Czech American culture, such as dancers and music, as well as a carnival, a parade, sports tournaments, talent contests, and other activities.

The city also holds a Halloween festival in October and a Christmas festival in December. July

In popular culture and the arts
The Midland Hotel, located in Wilson, served as a filming location for the 1973 film Paper Moon.

Wilson is also home of the historic Wilson Opera House, which is currently under renovation. Originally built in 1901, the building was destroyed in a massive fire in November 2009.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Wilson include:
 * Neva Egan (1914-2011), 1st First Lady of Alaska.
 * John Kuck (1905-1986), Olympic shot putter, gold medal at 1928 Summer Olympics.

Gallery

 * Historic Images of Wilson, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library

title: Wilson, Kansas


text:
Garden City, Kansas

Garden City is a city in and the county seat of Finney County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 28,151. The city is home to Garden City Community College and the Lee Richardson Zoo, the largest zoological park in western Kansas.

History
In February 1878, James R. Fulton, William D. Fulton and W.D.'s son, L.W. Fulton, arrived at the present site of Garden City.

The original townsite was laid out on the south half of section 18 by engineer Charles Van Trump. The land was a loose, sandy loam and covered with sagebrush and soap weeds, but there were no trees. Main Street ran directly north and south, dividing William D. and James R. Fulton's claims. As soon as they could get building material, they erected two frame houses. William D. Fulton building on his land, on the east side of Main Street, a house one story and a half high, with two rooms on the ground and two rooms above. This was called the Occidental Hotel. William D. Fulton was proprietor. No other houses were built in Garden City until November 1878, when James R. Fulton and L.T. Walker each put up a building. The Fultons tried to get others to settle here, but only a few came, and at the end of the first year there were only four buildings.

Following a sustained drought, irrigation arrived in Finney County in 1879, with completion of the "Garden City Ditch". The ditch helped to launch an agricultural boom in southwestern Kansas.

19th century
Charles Jesse Jones, later known as "Buffalo" Jones, arrived in Garden City for an antelope hunt in January 1879. Before Jones returned home, the Fulton brothers procured his services to promote Garden City, and especially in trying to influence the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad to put in a switch station. The railroad agreed to place its station at Garden City. In the spring of 1879, more people began arriving to homestead in the area. During the years of 1885–1887, a rush was made for Western Kansas, and a settler arrived for every quarter section. The United States Land Office also located at Garden City, and people went there to make filings on their land. Lawyers also arrived in Garden City. I.R. Holmes, the agent for the sale of lands of the ATSF, and Holmes' partner, A.C. McKeever, in 1885 sold thousands of acres of railroad and private land.

The streets of Garden City were crowded with horses, wagons, buggies and teams of oxen. Long lines of people stood out in the weather awaiting mail at the post office, and there was always a crowd in front of the land office. During the height of the boom the town had nine lumber yards. Lumber was hauled in all directions to build up inland towns and to improve the nearby homesteads. Thirteen drug stores were in operation, and the town had two daily newspapers. Nearly everyone used kerosene lamps, and a few were placed on posts on Main Street. There was no city water works, so all depended on shallow wells, which were strongly alkaline. Passenger trains of two and three sections arrived daily, loaded with people, most of whom got off at Garden City.

The first issue of The Garden City Newspaper appeared April 3, 1879. Three months after the paper was established, the editor stated, "There are now forty buildings in town." When the first telephone line was built, trees were growing on both sides of Main Street. These interfered with the wires, but local residents knew the value of trees in Western Kansas would not allow them to be cut, and the telephone poles were set down the center of the street. The first long-distance telephone service from Garden City was a line nine miles (14 km) long, built in 1919.

20th century
In the 1970s, Garden City's city council allowed the building of a meatpacking plant. This invigorated the economy. New residents arrived, but even with population growth the unemployment rate was only about 3% in 2017. Many of the new arrivals were immigrants from outside the United States (Myanmar, Somalia, Vietnam, and other places, particularly Mexico and Latin America), such that over 48% of the 2010 population was Hispanic, and less than 40% of the population was non-Hispanic white.

21st century
In October 2016, Gavin Wright, Curtis Allen, and Patrick Stein were arrested by the FBI for plotting a bombing attack on a mosque and the housing complex where reside some of the town's Somali community. The three men were charged in federal court with threatening to use weapons of mass destruction, namely explosives. All three defendants were found guilty in April 2018 and were sentenced to 25–30 years in prison.

Geography
Garden City lies on the north side of the Arkansas River in the High Plains region of the Great Plains. It is located in southwestern Kansas at the intersection of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 83, Garden City is 192 mi west-northwest of Wichita, 204 mi north-northeast of Amarillo, and 255 mi southeast of Denver. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.82 sqmi, all land. It is the most remote city in America with population over 25,000.

Climate
Garden City has a semi-arid steppe climate (Köppen: BSk) with hot, dry summers and cold, dry winters. On average, January is the coldest month, July is the hottest month, and June is the wettest month.

The high temperature reaches or exceeds 90 °F an average of 73.7 afternoons a year and reaches or exceeds 100 °F an average of 15.6 afternoons per year. The minimum temperature falls below the freezing point on an average of 148.2 mornings per year and to or below 0 °F on 4.1 mornings each year. The hottest temperature recorded in Garden City was 113 °F on July 13, 1934, while the coldest temperature recorded was -32 °F on February 12, 1899, 1948.

Garden City is located in Tornado Alley and receives a share of storms every spring. On June 23, 1967, an F3 tornado struck the north side of Garden City, killing one person and damaging more than 400 homes. On the days of April 30–May 1, 2017, the town was hit by a late-spring snowstorm which caused power outages and damaged almost every tree in town. Many tree limbs and some trees were downed because of it and the women's clinic had its roof collapse into the building, ultimately leading to its demolition in 2018.

Neighborhoods
There is a Main Downtown and Commercial Downtown.

 * Main Downtown is centered on Southern Main Street. The Windsor Hotel and the police station are among the tallest buildings, and there are many other historic buildings in the area. Most of the businesses in the main downtown area are locally owned and operated.
 * Commercial Downtown is centered mainly on East Kansas Avenue and on LaRue Road. It is the home of many businesses

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 28,151 people, 9,676 households, and 6,679 families in Garden City. The population density was 2,580.3 per square mile (996.3/km$2$). There were 10,431 housing units at an average density of 956.1 per square mile (369.1/km$2$). The racial makeup was 47.38% (13,339) white or European American (33.26% non-Hispanic white), 5.18% (1,459) black or African-American, 0.88% (249) Native American or Alaska Native, 5.29% (1,490) Asian, 0.1% (27) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 17.35% (4,885) from other races, and 23.81% (6,702) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 54.05% (15,217) of the population.

Of the 9,676 households, 39.0% had children under the age of 18; 47.5% were married couples living together; 25.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 25.1% of households consisted of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.4. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.0% of the population.

28.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 100.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $56,274 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,895) and the median family income was $71,853 (+/- $7,240). Males had a median income of $39,207 (+/- $1,491) versus $22,940 (+/- $2,511) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $32,112 (+/- $1,863). Approximately, 9.3% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.6% of those under the age of 18 and 16.1% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 26,658 people, 9,071 households, and 6,355 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,136.2 PD/sqmi. There were 9,656 housing units at an average density of 1,136.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 74.7% White, 4.4% Asian, 2.8% African American, 0.9% American Indian, 14.2% from some other race, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race comprised 48.6% of the population.

There were 9,071 households, of which 43.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88, and the average family size was 3.45.

The median age was 29.9 years. 31.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.6% were between ages 18 and 24; 26.0% were between 25 and 44; 22.2% were between 45 and 64; and 9.0% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,975, and the median income for a family was $54,621. Males had a median income of $33,873 versus $27,304 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,066. About 7.1% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

In the 2020 census, the Hispanic population of Garden City totaled 53.1 percent of the total population. Garden City is one of three cities in Kansas, along with Dodge City and Liberal, which has an Hispanic-majority population.

Ethnic groups
In 2017, Albert Kyaw, a translator of the Garden City Public Schools, stated that Garden City was the most ethnically diverse community in the state of Kansas. That year, according to Frank Morris of National Public Radio, "some say" the residents may speak up to 40 different languages; at least 27 were spoken. The 2020 census found that 53.1 percent of the city's population was Hispanic.

Hispanics and Latinos, including immigrants, came to Garden City beginning in the 1980s due to the establishment of meatpacking plants and partially due to plant management deliberately recruiting them. Many educational institutions for adults were teaching Hispanic immigrants after they had asked for amnesty for having illegally immigrated.

After the Fall of Saigon in 1975 immigrants from Southeast Asia began coming to Garden City. Garden City Catholics sponsored an initial group of Vietnamese immigrants that year. More Vietnamese came in the 1980s during a wave of immigration, and Lao people also came with them. Dr. Janet E. Benson of Kansas State University stated that perhaps about half originated from Wichita as they had lost work during industry layoffs there. The second group of Vietnamese were less educated than the first, and they were more likely to be Buddhist as opposed to being Christian. In their home country they had originally done agricultural and/or fishing work. By the late 1980s many Mexican immigrants replaced Vietnamese immigrants who had moved away from Garden City as they accumulated enough capital to seek employment elsewhere.

Economy
The economy of Garden City is driven largely by agriculture. There are several feedlots and grain elevators located in and around the city. Additionally, an ethanol plant, Bonanza Bioenergy was built in 2007 by Conestoga Energy Partners which uses 19.6 million bushels of grain.

As of 2012, 73.9% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.0% was in the armed forces, and 73.9% was in the civilian labor force with 71.5% being employed and 2.4% unemployed. The composition, by occupation, of the employed civilian labor force was: 23.8% in production, transportation, and material moving; 23.5% in management, business, science, and arts; 21.9% in sales and office occupations; 19.2% in service occupations; and 11.5% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance. The industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were educational services, health care, and social assistance (20.4%); manufacturing (19.3%); and retail trade (15.0%).

The cost of living in Garden City is relatively low; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the city is 81.6. As of 2012, the median home value in the city was $103,400, the median selected monthly owner cost was $1,159 for housing units with a mortgage and $455 for those without, and the median gross rent was $665.

Top employers
According to Garden City's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Government
Garden City is a city of the first class with a commission-manager form of government. The city commission consists of five commissioners elected at-large. It meets on the first and third Tuesday of each month. The commission sets goals and policy for the city, approves the city budget, and directs the city manager. Annually, the commission selects one member to serve as mayor who then presides over commission meetings. The city manager implements policies set by the commission and administers the city's operations, departments, and employees.

As the county seat, Garden City is the administrative center of Finney County. The county courthouse is downtown, and all departments of the county government base their operations in the city.

Garden City lies within Kansas's 1st U.S. Congressional District. For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is located in the 39th district of the Kansas Senate and the 122nd and 123rd districts of the Kansas House of Representatives.

Colleges
Garden City Community College (GCCC) is a fully accredited community college. GCCC is a member of the Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference (KJCCC), one of the conferences in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA).

Primary and secondary
The community is served by Garden City USD 457 public school district, which operates Garden City High School.

Transportation
U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 400, both east–west highways, meet U.S. Route 83, a north–south highway, in the southeast part of the city. A U.S. 50 business route continues west from the intersection into the city. U.S. 50, U.S. 400, and U.S. 83 run concurrently around the city's eastern and northern fringe. Northwest of the city, U.S. 50 and U.S. 400 continue west while U.S. 83 turns north. South of the city, a U.S. 83 business route splits off from the main highway and enters the city as Main Street. Downtown, it intersects the U.S. 50 business route, and the two run concurrently north out of the city, terminating northwest of the city at the junction of U.S. 50 and U.S. 83. Garden City is also the western terminus of K-156 which enters the city from the northeast. Garden City was located on the National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, that was established in 1912.

Finney County Transit operates City Link, a public transport bus service with four routes in the city, as well as a minibus paratransit service. Bus service is provided daily eastward towards Wichita by BeeLine Express (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).

Garden City Regional Airport is located approximately 8 mi southeast of the city. Used primarily for general aviation, it is connected to the American Airlines network via American Eagle regional service to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport under the Essential Air Service program.

Three rail lines serve Garden City: the La Junta Subdivision of the BNSF Railway, which runs southeast–northwest, and the two lines of the Garden City Western Railway, of which the city is the southern and eastern terminus. Amtrak uses the La Junta Subdivision to provide passenger rail service; Garden City is a stop on the Southwest Chief line.

Health care
Garden City is served by St. Catherine Hospital. The Southwest Kansas Surgery Center, Heart Center, Cancer Center and Maternal Child Center provide additional employment, as do several other health-related businesses.

Media
The Garden City Telegram is the local newspaper, published six days a week.

Along with Dodge City, Garden City is a center of broadcast media for southwestern Kansas. Two AM radio stations and seven FM radio stations, including one of the two flagship stations of High Plains Public Radio, broadcast from the city.

Garden City is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market, and four television stations are licensed to or broadcast from the city. These stations include NBC, ABC, and FOX network affiliates, all of which are satellite stations of their respective affiliates in Wichita. The fourth station, KGCE-LD, is a sister station of KDGL-LD in Sublette, Kansas.

Arts and music
Garden City Arts is a non-profit organization. Its gallery offers 10 to 12 exhibits per year along with internships and educational programming.

In recent years, an annual music festival called the Hillside Sessions has taken place at an historic structure which over the decades has been a barn, an industrial atelier and a dance hall.

An annual music festival called the Tumbleweed Festival is held over a weekend in late August every year at Lee Richardson Zoo. Usually performers are a mix of local talent and acts brought in by the festival board.

Points of interest

Initially named by its developers "The Big Dipper", Garden City's "The Big Pool" is larger than a 100-yard football field, holds 2.2 million gallons of water and is large enough to accommodate water-skiing. Originally hand-dug in 1922, a bathhouse was added by the Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression, and local farmers used horse-drawn soil-scrapers to later enlarge the pool. The pool hosts 50-meter Olympic swimming lanes, three water slides, and a children's pool with zero-entry depth. The pool employs a minimum of 14 lifeguards, two slide assistants, three admission clerks, two concession workers and a pool manager on duty each day. Advertised for years as "The World's Largest, Free, Outdoor, Municipal, Concrete Swimming Pool", the pool has been known to count up to 2,000 patrons during the summer months. In order to finance improvements made in recent years, an admission fee is now charged. In 2020 the Big Pool was renovated and re-branded as Garden City Rapids. Several large water slides and a lazy river were added.

Located inside 110 acre Finnup Park, the pool is co-located with Finney County Historical Museum and Lee Richardson Zoo, the largest zoological facility in western Kansas, housing more than 300 animals representing 110 species. Walking tours are free to the public; there is a charge for driving into the zoo.

A few miles from Finnup Park, the Big Pool and Lee Richardson Zoo is the Buffalo Game Preserve, with one of the largest herds of bison in the world.

The Windsor Hotel, built downtown in 1887 by John A. Stevens, was known as the "Waldorf of the Prairies" because of its lavish quarters. Among its early guests were Eddie Foy, Lillian Russell, Jay Gould and Buffalo Bill Cody, who stayed in the presidential suite on the third floor. The Windsor, which closed in 1977, is owned by the Finney County Preservation Alliance. The hotel is four stories high, or about 50 ft tall. The Finney County Preservation Alliance is working with New Communities LLC of Denver, Colorado to renovate the hotel into a 65-room boutique hotel with restaurant and bar on the ground floor.

In popular culture and the arts
Garden City is depicted in Truman Capote's In Cold Blood.

Billie Jo Spears' 1969 Billboard country hit song "Mr. Walker, It's All Over" is about a young woman from Garden City who moves to New York City to become a big-city secretary and quickly becomes disenchanted.

Sports
Garden City is home to the Garden City Wind baseball team, which plays in the Pecos League.

Garden City is also home to the Garden City High School Buffaloes. The school offers football, basketball, soccer, wrestling, track and field, baseball, softball, tennis, and swimming. Garden City is a part of the 6A level of sports in the state of Kansas. The Buffaloes have had success in wrestling, winning eleven state titles. The school has had success in football as well, winning the state championship in 1999.

The football team at Garden City Community College won the NJCAA National Championship in 2016. The college sponsors teams in 14 sports. The teams are known as the Broncbusters, often shortened to the Busters. The colors are seal brown and gold.

Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Garden City include novelist Sanora Babb, jazz pianist Frank Mantooth, former Governor of Colorado Roy Romer, professional football players Thurman "Fum" McGraw and Hal Patterson and successful professional boxers Victor Ortiz, Antonio Orozco, and Brandon Rios.

Sister cities

 * 🇨🇷 Ciudad Quesada, Costa Rica
 * 🇮🇹 Oristano, Sardinia, Italy

title: Garden City, Kansas


text:
Holcomb, Kansas

Holcomb is a city in Finney County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,245. It is located south of Highway 50.

History
Holcomb took its name from a local hog farmer. The city was a station and shipping point on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The first post office in Holcomb was established in December 1909.

1959 murders
The town of Holcomb was thrust into national and, eventually, international notoriety after November 15, 1959, when four members of the prominent Clutter family (father Herbert, 48; his wife Bonnie, 45; their youngest daughter, Nancy, 16; and son Kenyon, 15) were found bound and shot to death in various rooms of their home, on the family's River Valley Farm on the outskirts of Holcomb.

Two ex-convicts, Richard ("Dick") Hickock and Perry Smith, were arrested, tried, and convicted of the killings. It started when both Hickock and Smith were released from prison and, acting on jailhouse information by a cellmate of Hickock's named Floyd Wells (who had worked for Mr. Clutter in 1948), made plans to rob the Clutter household under the mistaken belief that Mr. Clutter, according to Wells, kept thousands of dollars in cash in a safe at the residence. There was no Clutter safe, nor was there any substantial amount of cash in the home. Upon this discovery, and after killing the captive family to eliminate any witnesses, the pair fled with around $42, a portable radio, and one pair of binoculars. They were arrested on December 30, 1959, in Las Vegas, Nevada, after possibly, although not likely, having murdered another family in Florida. Following their convictions and several appeals, Hickock and Smith were hanged for first-degree murder on April 14, 1965.

The murders, arrests and convictions of Hickock and Smith were the basis for author Truman Capote's acclaimed book In Cold Blood, which was serialized in The New Yorker magazine in 1965 and first published in book form in 1966. Capote actually began work on the book several days after he read a news article in a New York paper in 1959 about the murders.

The best-selling book, in turn, spawned several filmed versions of the story: director Richard Brooks' theatrical feature film In Cold Blood in 1967 starring Robert Blake, Scott Wilson and John Forsythe, and a two-part 1996 TV miniseries adaptation starring Eric Roberts, Anthony Edwards and Sam Neill that aired on network TV in 1996. Portions of the 1967 theatrical film were shot on location in and around Holcomb and nearby Garden City, including the actual house where the crimes took place.

The 2005 movie Capote, directed by Bennett Miller, is also about the author Capote, and the crimes in Holcomb. The 2006 film Infamous, starring Toby Jones as Capote, covers much of the same material.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.35 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Holcomb has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 2,245 people, 687 households, and 576 families in Holcomb. The population density was 1,814.9 per square mile (700.7/km$2$). There were 722 housing units at an average density of 583.7 per square mile (225.4/km$2$). The racial makeup was 70.02% (1,572) white or European American (56.48% non-Hispanic white), 0.98% (22) black or African-American, 1.25% (28) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.49% (11) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 10.6% (238) from other races, and 16.66% (374) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 36.75% (825) of the population.

Of the 687 households, 55.0% had children under the age of 18; 60.8% were married couples living together; 18.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 12.2% of households consisted of individuals and 3.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.2 and the average family size was 3.3. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 11.4% of the population.

34.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 98.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $70,179 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,682) and the median family income was $71,633 (+/- $9,033). Males had a median income of $48,934 (+/- $6,176) versus $26,033 (+/- $8,025) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $37,031 (+/- $6,990). Approximately, 7.1% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under the age of 18 and 4.8% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,094 people, 654 households, and 521 families living in the city. The population density was 1551.1 PD/sqmi. There were 680 housing units at an average density of 503.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.6% White, 0.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 9.2% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 654 households, of which 56.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 20.3% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 3.62.

The median age in the city was 28.9 years. 37.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.9% were from 25 to 44; 21% were from 45 to 64; and 4.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,026 people, 592 households, and 515 families living in the city. The population density was 1,730.1 PD/sqmi. There were 608 housing units at an average density of 519.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 80.80% White, 1.09% African American, 0.89% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 13.28% from other races, and 3.65% from mixed race.

There were 592 households, out of which 65.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.9% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.0% were non-families. 10.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.42 and the average family size was 3.62.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 41.7% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 14.8% from 45 to 64, and 2.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,115, and the median income for a family was $48,587. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $22,652 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,264. About 7.6% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 26.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Holcomb USD 363 public school district. Residents are zoned to Holcomb Elementary School (grades 3–5), Wiley Elementary School (Preschool-2), Holcomb Middle School (grades 6–8), or Holcomb High School (grades 9–12).

Notable person

 * Charles Plymell, Beat poet, publisher

title: Holcomb, Kansas


text:
Bucklin, Kansas

Bucklin is a city in Ford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 727. It is located along U.S. Route 54 highway.

History
The community was originally called Corbitt when it was laid out about 1885. It was renamed Bucklin in 1887, after Bucklin Township.

Bucklin was incorporated in 1909. It was situated at the junction of two railroads.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.59 sqmi, of which 0.56 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bucklin has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 727 people, 284 households, and 188 families in Bucklin. The population density was 1,264.3 per square mile (488.2/km$2$). There were 344 housing units at an average density of 598.3 per square mile (231.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 89.82% (653) white or European American (87.48% non-Hispanic white), 0.55% (4) black or African-American, 0.55% (4) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.55% (4) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.69% (5) from other races, and 7.84% (57) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 6.6% (48) of the population.

Of the 284 households, 32.4% had children under the age of 18; 51.1% were married couples living together; 21.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 28.2% of households consisted of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 2.6. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 23.9% of the population.

28.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 112.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $54,135 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,718) and the median family income was $63,250 (+/- $10,779). Males had a median income of $42,404 (+/- $7,788) versus $28,125 (+/- $17,748) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,962 (+/- $4,743). Approximately, 3.0% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under the age of 18 and 8.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 794 people, 287 households, and 204 families residing in the city. The population density was 1417.9 PD/sqmi. There were 340 housing units at an average density of 607.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 1.9% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.

There were 287 households, of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.9% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.17.

The median age in the city was 35 years. 30.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.4% were from 25 to 44; 22.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.1% male and 50.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 725 people, 299 households, and 200 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,351.7 PD/sqmi. There were 339 housing units at an average density of 632.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.03% White, 0.41% African American, 0.69% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 1.52% from other races, and 1.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.00% of the population.

There were 299 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $44,554. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $18,235 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,954. About 6.8% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Bucklin USD 459 public school district.

The Bucklin Red Aces won the following Kansas State High School championships:
 * 1966 Boys Cross Country - Class B
 * 1973 Boys Track & Field - Class 1A
 * 1973 Boys Track & Field (Indoor) - Class 1A
 * 1980 Boys Track & Field - Class 1A

Notable person

 * Eddie Sutton, men's college basketball coach

title: Bucklin, Kansas