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Athens Township, Michigan

Athens Township is a civil township of southwest Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan, about 15 mi south of Battle Creek. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 2,444. The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi is based in Athens Township.

History
Euro-American settlers first came to what would become Athens Township in 1831. Unlike in many other parts of Michigan the Potawatomi people were never fully driven out, although their reservation was dissolved in 1833. The first Athens Township Meeting was held in 1835. As of 1913 there were about 60 Potawatomi residents of Athens Township, out of about 1,500 residents total. Based on the 1910 US census for Athens township and village there were 1,537 residents, of whom five were listed as mulattoes (four of them children of a mulatto mother and white father) and 69 were listed as Indians. Of the 69 Indians, 40 were living in the Indian Village Reservation that at that time existed in Athens Township. At least two of the Indians were Ottawa and not Potawatomi.

Communities

 * Athens is a village located at 42.08667°N, -85.23556°W within the southern portion of the township.
 * Cecelia was a part of the township that had its own post office from 1860 until 1875.
 * Huron Potawatomi Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation located within the southwest portion of the township. The Huron Potawatomi Indian Reservation is the land base of the federally recognized Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 93.6 km2, of which 93.1 sqkm is land and 0.5 sqkm, or 0.53%, is water. Nottawa Creek and Pine Creek are the largest streams in the township, both flowing generally from northeast to southwest towards the St. Joseph River. Pine Creek joins Nottowa Creek approximately one mile west of the village of Athens.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,571 people, 956 households, and 738 families residing in the township. The population density was 71.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,003 housing units at an average density of 27.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 96.93% White, 0.19% African American, 1.21% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.56% of the population.

There were 956 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $43,929, and the median income for a family was $49,607. Males had a median income of $37,039 versus $26,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,864. About 3.7% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Athens Township, Michigan


text:
Bedford Charter Township, Michigan

Bedford Charter Township is a charter township located in the northwest corner of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 9,198. Most of the township lies north of the Kalamazoo River and the city of Battle Creek. Three small noncontiguous areas of the township lie south of the Kalamazoo River.

History
Bedford Township was first organized in 1839. As of 1910 it had a population of 2,076.

Communities

 * Much of the township is considered to be part of the Battle Creek urban area, and the township's economy is closely linked to the city. The township became a charter township in part to protect against further annexation by the city.
 * Level Park-Oak Park is a census-designated place, covering an area along M-89, just north of the Kalamazoo River and just northwest of Battle Creek. It includes the unincorporated communities of Level Park and Oak Park which are adjacent areas along M-89.
 * Bedford is an unincorporated community and downtown development area located on M-37 at 42.39528°N, -85.23222°W, near the center of the township.
 * Morgan Corners and Orchard Park are both settlements located along the eastern boundary with Pennfield Charter Township. Most of Orchard Park has been incorporated into Battle Creek.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 76.9 km2, of which 75.4 km2 is land and 1.6 km2, or 2.03%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,517 people, 3,667 households, and 2,651 families residing in the township. The population density was 324.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3,841 housing units at an average density of 130.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 84.05% White, 12.09% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 2.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.49% of the population.

There were 3,667 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $44,462, and the median income for a family was $51,230. Males had a median income of $37,331 versus $26,435 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,303. About 4.3% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Eudora Stone Bumstead (1860–1892), poet, hymnwriter

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bedford Charter Township, Michigan


text:
Brownlee Park, Michigan

Brownlee Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan.The population was 2,021 at the 2020 census. The CDP is immediately east of the city of Battle Creek and is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The CDP includes both Brownlee Park and the adjacent community of Greenfield Park:
 * Brownlee Park is within Emmett Charter Township, mostly east of Raymond Road and north of Michigan Avenue, at 42.31889°N, -85.1425°W.
 * Greenfield Park is mostly within Pennfield Charter Township, just north of Verona Road, centered on 42.335°N, -85.13722°W.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.27 km2, of which 5.20 km2 is land and 0.07 sqkm, or 1.39%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,588 people, 1,027 households, and 659 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,297.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,194 housing units at an average density of 598.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.11% White, 2.70% Black or African American, 1.00% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.51% from other races, and 2.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.21% of the population.

There were 1,027 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,694, and the median income for a family was $32,644. Males had a median income of $27,400 versus $20,813 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,026. About 16.0% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.3% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Parks
Brownlee Park has direct access to the North Country Trail, which passes through the CDP via a mile long segment of crushed gravel pathway that is also a portion of the Calhoun County Trailway. The trail continues as sidewalk over the Veterans Memorial Bridge westward to interconnect with Battle Creek's Linear Park, and southward to the Ott Biological Preserve, lying just outside the CDP boundary. This portion of trail is also a segment of the Iron Belle Trail.

To the immediate West is Battle Creek's Bailey Park.

Education
Brownlee Park is home to the Doris Klaussen Developmental Center, a school run by the Calhoun County ISD which serves special needs and disabled children.

Infrastructure
At the extreme southern portion of Brownlee Park is Michigan State Highway 96. A large portion of a railyard operated by Canadian National lies on the west end of the CDP. Raymond Road, and Verona Road (which becomes Emmet Street entering Battle Creek), are notable examples of Stroads. Neither segment of road has pedestrian friendly infrastructure such as sidewalks or protected bike lanes despite connecting numerous subdivisions and three trailer parks to the rest of the community. Calhoun County is one of the few counties in the State of Michigan that does not have a county-level transit network. The nearest bus services and passenger trains operate within Battle Creek.

title: Brownlee Park, Michigan


text:
Burlington, Michigan

Burlington is a village in Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 281 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village is located within Burlington Township on M-60.

History
Burlington was platted in 1842 and incorporated as a village in 1869.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.68 sqmi, of which 0.65 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 261 people, 96 households, and 68 families residing in the village. The population density was 401.5 PD/sqmi. There were 118 housing units at an average density of 181.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.1% White and 1.9% from two or more races.

There were 96 households, of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.19.

The median age in the village was 37.3 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.8% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 52.1% male and 47.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 405 people, 142 households, and 115 families residing in the village. The population density was 549.3 PD/sqmi. There were 157 housing units at an average density of 212.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.79% White, 0.74% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.74% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 142 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,857, and the median income for a family was $35,750. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,240. About 10.4% of families and 15.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 12.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Burlington, Michigan


text:
Burlington Township, Calhoun County, Michigan

Burlington Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 1,957.

Geography
Burlington Township is located in southwestern Calhoun County, with its southern border following the Branch County line. The village of Burlington is in the southeastern part of the township. The village of Union City, located primarily in Union Township in Branch County, extends slightly north into Burlington Township.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 93.6 km2, of which 92.5 km2 is land and 1.1 km2, or 1.18%, is water. The St. Joseph River flows through the southeastern portion of the township past the villages of Burlington and Union City.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,929 people, 734 households, and 565 families residing in the township. The population density was 53.8 PD/sqmi. There were 775 housing units at an average density of 21.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.03% White, 0.10% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 734 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,778, and the median income for a family was $45,500. Males had a median income of $34,917 versus $26,823 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,960. About 7.3% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.


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Clarence Township, Michigan

Clarence Township is a civil township located in northeast Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,903 at the 2020 census. The township was originally named Pinkney Township.

History
Like the rest of Calhoun County, Clarence Township was populated by Potawatomi people before the coming of Euro-Americans. The first Euro-American settler came to the township in 1836. It was not until 1845 that a Euro-American settled at Duck Lake. This was Jacob Nichols, who still had Potawatomi neighbors as his only close neighbors for several years after this.

The township was organized in 1838. The first school in the township was established the following year.

Communities
There are no incorporated municipalities within the rural township. There are settlements at a few unincorporated communities:
 * Albion Landing, on the southeast shore of Duck Lake at 42.38194°N, -84.78417°W.
 * Charlotte Landing, on the east shore of Duck Lake at 42.39222°N, -84.77583°W.
 * Clarence Center, about one mile (1.6 km) east of Duck Lake at 42.38111°N, -84.76806°W.
 * Duck Lake, on the north side of Duck Lake at 42.4°N, -84.78222°W. All the historical settlements around Duck Lake are often commonly referred to as Duck Lake.
 * Rice Creek, about six miles (10 km) southwest of Duck Lake at 42.33444°N, -84.82861°W. This place is actually a few miles away from either branch of the Rice Creek, a tributary of the Kalamazoo River. It is situated at a crossroads separating Clarence Township on the northeast, Sheridan Township on the southeast, Marengo Township on the southwest, and Lee Township on the northwest.
 * The city of Albion is to the south, and the 49224 ZIP code for the Albion post office serves much of the southern area of Clarence Township.
 * The village of Olivet is to the northwest in Walton Township, Eaton County. The 49076 ZIP code for the Olivet post office also serves the northwest corner of Clarence Township.
 * The village of Springport is to the east in Springport Township, Jackson County. The 49284 ZIP code for the Springport post office also serves much of the eastern area of Clarence Township.

Geography
Duck Lake is the most prominent feature in the township, and is the headwaters for the Battle Creek River, which flows north from the lake towards Charlotte. Two other branches of Battle Creek also flow north out of the township. South and east of Duck Lake are a series of smaller lakes that flow into the North Branch of Rice Creek (a tributary of the Kalamazoo River). A small area west of Duck Lake drains into Indian Creek, which flows into Battle Creek near Olivet.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Clarence Township has a total area of 88.2 km2, of which 84.3 km2 is land and 3.9 km2, or 4.40%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,032 people, 796 households, and 599 families residing in the township. The population density was 62.1 PD/sqmi. There were 996 housing units at an average density of 30.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.29% White, 0.54% African American, 0.69% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 796 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.3% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.7% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $40,700, and the median income for a family was $45,122. Males had a median income of $35,821 versus $21,544 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,713. About 11.9% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Clarence Township, Michigan


text:
Clarendon Township, Michigan

Clarendon Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,181 at the 2020 census. The township is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Communities
There are no incorporated municipalities in the mostly agricultural township.
 * Bentleys Corners is an unincorporated community at 42.10222°N, -84.86667°W near the junction of 22 Mile Rd and T Dr. S. This locale at the corners of sections 22, 23, 26 and 27 was originally known as Clarendon Centre. A post office opened on June 14, 1854, with Warren L. Deming as the first postmaster, though under the care of Samuel N. Bently (or Bentley) for much of the time Deming was postmaster. The post office was moved approximately two miles to the north and renamed Clarendon in 1867 (see below).
 * Cook's Prairie in the northeastern part of the township and extending into southeast Eckford Township was one of the earliest areas to be settled in the township. The first settler reported to have settled here, Anthony Doolittle, arrived in May 1832 with Deacon Henry Cook. Cook purchased land in what became Eckford Township while Doolittle settled in section 1 of what became Clarendon Township. A post office was established on July 25, 1840, with Lewis Benham as the first postmaster. The office closed on August 24, 1858.
 * Clarendon, at 42.13028°N, -84.86583°W was a station on the Michigan Air Line Railroad of the Michigan Central Railroad, beginning in approximately 1870. The post office at Clarendon Centre was moved to the station and renamed Clarendon on May 11, 1871. The office closed on November 16, 1877, but was restored from October 4, 1883, through April 30, 1910.
 * The village of Homer is to the east, and the Homer post office, with ZIP code 49245, serves most of eastern Clarendon Township.
 * The village of Tekonsha is to the west, and the Tekonsha post office, with ZIP code 49092, serves the southwest portion of Clarendon Township.
 * The city of Marshall is to the northwest, and the Marshall post office, with ZIP code 49068, serves the northwest portion of Clarendon Township.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 92.5 km2, of which 92.0 km2 is land and 0.5 km2, or 0.51%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,114 people, 394 households, and 314 families residing in the township. The population density was 31.3 PD/sqmi. There were 425 housing units at an average density of 11.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.22% White, 0.09% African American, 1.35% Native American, and 1.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 394 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $44,750, and the median income for a family was $48,661. Males had a median income of $35,435 versus $27,353 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,247. About 4.7% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Clarendon Township, Michigan


text:
Convis Township, Michigan

Convis Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,508 at the 2020 census.

History
Convis Township was established in 1837.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 94.5 km2, of which 91.6 km2 is land and 2.9 km2, or 3.05%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,666 people, 622 households, and 475 families residing in the township. The population density was 47.2 PD/sqmi. There were 651 housing units at an average density of 18.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.08% White, 0.06% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.68% of the population.

There were 622 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.0% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,222, and the median income for a family was $48,846. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $25,556 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,870. About 5.5% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Convis Township, Michigan


text:
Eckford Township, Michigan

Eckford Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,298 at the 2020 census. Eckford Township was named after Henry Eckford.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 92.4 km2, of which 91.7 km2 is land and 0.7 km2, or 0.73%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,282 people, 476 households, and 369 families residing in the township. The population density was 36.2 PD/sqmi. There were 513 housing units at an average density of 14.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.58% White, 0.16% African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.31% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population.

There were 476 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $48,382, and the median income for a family was $52,188. Males had a median income of $36,853 versus $27,574 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,835. About 4.8% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Eckford Township, Michigan


text:
Emmett Charter Township, Michigan

Emmett Charter Township is a charter township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 11,744 at the 2020 census.

History
When first organized the township was named Androver Township. It was given its present name in 1839.

Communities

 * The city of Battle Creek is adjacent to the township on the northwest and has annexed land that was formerly within the township, in particular the former village of Verona that was an early rival to Battle Creek.
 * Beadle Lake is a lake and an unincorporated community in the western part of the township. Development extends around the lake but is centered on the south end of the lake at 42.26722°N, -85.14944°W. Beadle Lake Elementary School is on the southeast side of the lake. Interstate 94 (I-94) passes just to the north, with an exit to Beadle Lake Road, which runs along the west side of the lake.
 * Brownlee Park is an unincorporated community within the township, which has also been defined as a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes. The CDP also includes the adjacent community of Greenfield Park in Pennfield Charter Township. It consists of an urbanized area just east of Battle Creek.
 * Ceresco is an unincorporated community on the Kalamazoo River situated on the boundary between Emmett and Marshall Township at 42.27194°N, -85.06139°W.
 * Sunrise Heights is an unincorporated suburban subdivision in the northwest of the township at 42.29861°N, -85.17361°W. It is adjacent to Battle Creek bounded by 6½ Mile Road/Main Street on the east, Golden Road on the south I-194/M-66 on the west, and Columbia Road and the Kalamazoo River on the north.
 * Wattles Park is unincorporated community within the township, centered on Wattles Road between Michigan Avenue and I-94 at 42.30056°N, -85.11083°W.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 84.2 km2, of which 82.9 km2 is land and 1.3 km2, or 1.54%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,979 people, 4,834 households, and 3,267 families residing in the township. The population density was 371.3 PD/sqmi. There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 162.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 93.51% White, 2.11% African American, 0.68% Native American, 1.29% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.82% from other races, and 1.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.31% of the population.

There were 4,834 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,868, and the median income for a family was $52,170. Males had a median income of $38,523 versus $27,474 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,608. About 5.9% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Emmett Charter Township, Michigan


text:
Fredonia Township, Michigan

Fredonia Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan located southwest of the city of Marshall. It is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,585 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 90.2 km2, of which 88.1 km2 is land and 2.1 km2, or 2.38%, is water.

Communities

 * Ellis Corner is a named place located at the intersection or H Drive South and 13 Mile Road. This was also the location of a post office in this township from 1882 until 1901. The Fredonia Township Fire Station #2 is located in Ellis Corners.
 * Marshall city limit extends into the northeast corner of the township.
 * Wrights Corner is a named place located at the intersection of F Drive South (M227) and 17 Mile Road (Old 27) and the location of the township hall and fire station #1.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010 there were 1,626 people, 679 households, and 503 families residing in the township. The population density was 50.4 PD/sqmi and housing density was 21.3 per square mile (8.2/km2).

Of the 679 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.91.

The township population age distribution was 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $46,635, and the median income for a family was $50,909. Males had a median income of $35,388 versus $28,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,354. About 5.6% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Fredonia Township, Michigan


text:
Homer, Michigan

Homer is a village in Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,575 at the 2020 census.

History
Milton Barney arrived from Lyons, New York the summer of 1832 to scout the area and returned that September with his family and workmen to settle on the south bank of the Kalamazoo River in Section 5. Soon after Barney hired Osha Wilder to layout the plat for the village of Barneyville on the SW corner of Section 5, SE corner of Section 6, NE corner of Section 7, and NW corner of Section 8. For more a detailed history of the surrounding area see the entry for Homer Township and Clarendon Township.

Milton Barney built a store, a sawmill, and a hotel. In 1834 when a post office was registered, Barneyville was renamed Homer after the village in Cortland County, New York, at the request of many of the residents who had moved from there. Homer was incorporated as a village in 1871.

According to Dr William Lane, the Potawatomi natives were friendly and the children of settlers and natives often played together. Chief Ne-au-to-beer-saw, called Leather-nose, and Chief Wopkezike are mentioned in many stories of the founding era. The native population was numerous until the autumn of 1840 when the U.S. Government forcibly removed the Indians to reserves west of the Mississippi under Authority of the Indian Removal Act and 1833 Treaty of Chicago. Because of the peacefulness of the Potawatomi, they continued to co-exist with the settlers many years after the Treaty of Chicago until General Brady removed about 250 Indians of Hillsdale and Homer to Miami County, KS. Chief Ne-au-to-beer-saw drowned while crossing the Detroit River returning from his escape to Canada.

The "old" Homer mills was built by a stock company of Milton Barney, Walter Wright, Nelson D. Skeeles, Asabel Finch, Jr, and Mr Platt in 1837–1838. This structure was later operated under the name Smith, Lewis, & Redfield. The property passed on to B. & E.R. Smith in 1860 and to Judge Emons of Detroit in 1872. This original structure burned on January 25, 1886. The heirs of Judge Emons sold the water power, land, and mill site to Cortright & Sons.

The Homer High School varsity baseball team set the national record for most consecutive wins at 75. The streak started at the start of the 2004 season and ended in the state championship game in 2005. From 2003 to 2006 the varsity baseball team compiled a 143–6 record. Winning two state championships, in 2004 and 2006, and was televised on ESPN's 50 States in 50 Days segment on the state of Michigan.

In the early morning of May 16, 2010, the "new" Homer mills, a local landmark, burned to the ground. The fire is estimated to be the biggest fire in the town's history since the high school burned down in 1943. The fire was so intense that the Homer Fire Department requested and received the aid of the fire departments of Albion, Albion Township, Sheridan Township, Marengo Township, Fredonia Township, Litchfield, and Concord. Fire trucks had to patrol the town, as ashes were raining down and posed the threat of setting houses on fire. The cause of the fire is unknown.

Education
The Homer Community Schools District serves Homer and Homer Township, Michigan. The district also receives a large number of students from surrounding villages & towns, who take advantage of Michigan's school of choice.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.45 sqmi, 1.40 sqmi of which is land and 0.05 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,668 people, 615 households, and 435 families residing in the village. The population density was 1191.4 PD/sqmi. There were 722 housing units at an average density of 515.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.7% White, 0.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population.

There were 615 households, of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.3% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.12.

The median age in the village was 33.5 years. 30.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,851 people, 707 households, and 477 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,300.6 PD/sqmi. There were 745 housing units at an average density of 523.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.24% White, 0.27% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.16% of the population.

There were 707 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $35,542, and the median income for a family was $41,125. Males had a median income of $31,214 versus $22,829 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,394. About 9.6% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 17.1% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Greg Barton, Olympic gold medalist
 * Josh Collmenter, Major league baseball player

title: Homer, Michigan


text:
Homer Township, Calhoun County, Michigan

Homer Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,896 at the 2020 census.

The first European settlers
The first permanent settlers were from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Powell Grover, William Wintersteen, Richard McMutrie, and Henry McMurtrie walked from Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, arriving in the Homer area in April 1832. Powell Grover's group lived their first year in an abandoned log cabin located in Section 11 of present-day Homer Township, said to be the former residence of Potawatomi native Chief Ne-au-to-beer-saw, while the settlers built their own cabins. Grover also built a saw mill on the north bank of the Kalamazoo River in Section 11. The plains where Grover and his friends homesteaded was known as the Pennsylvania Settlement.

Milton Barney arrived from Lyons, New York, the summer of 1832 to scout the area and returned that September with his family and workmen to settle on the south bank of the Kalamazoo River in Section 5. Soon afterwards Barney hired Osha Wilder to layout the plat for the village of Barneyville on the southwest corner of Section 5, southeast corner of Section 6, northeast corner of Section 7, and northwest corner of Section 8. This was the beginning of the village of Homer.

In 1834, the territorial legislature divided the area into townships of 12 mi squares 144 sqmi. The township in lower Calhoun County was named Homer due to the influence of James Hopkins and many other settlers from Homer, Cortland County, New York. This first township was later divided into the townships of Albion, Clarendon, Eckford, and Homer—each 6 mi squares.

The Native Americans
According to Dr William Lane, the Potawatomi natives were friendly, and the children of settlers and natives often played together. Chief Ne-au-to-beer-saw, called "Leather-nose", and Chief Wopkezike, lesser chiefs of the Baw Beese band of Potawatomi, are mentioned in many stories of the founding era. The native population was numerous until the U.S. government forcibly removed the Indians to reserves west of the Mississippi under authority of the Indian Removal Act and 1833 Treaty of Chicago. Because of the peacefulness of the Potawatomi, they continued to co-exist with the settlers for many years after the Removal Act, until the autumn of 1840 when General Hugh Brady removed about 250 Indians of Hillsdale County and Homer to Miami County, Kansas, in reaction to homesteader complaints to the Van Buren administration. Chief Ne-au-to-beer-saw drowned while crossing the Detroit River returning from his escape to Canada.

Communities
The village of Homer is within the township. The Homer ZIP code, 49245, serves the entire township as well as portions of Clarendon Township to the west, Eckford Township to the northwest and Albion Township to the north.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Homer Township has a total area of 93.7 km2, of which 92.4 km2 is land and 1.3 km2, or 1.44%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,010 people, 1,117 households, and 797 families residing in the township. The population density was 84.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,182 housing units at an average density of 33.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.77% White, 0.20% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.69% of the population.

There were 1,117 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.1% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $42,159. Males had a median income of $31,649 versus $22,788 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,686. About 9.5% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over.


text:
Lee Township, Calhoun County, Michigan

Lee Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,055 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 94.2 km2, of which 93.8 km2 is land and 0.4 km2, or 0.43%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,257 people, 430 households, and 338 families residing in the township. The population density was 34.7 PD/sqmi. There were 462 housing units at an average density of 12.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 95.70% White, 0.16% African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 2.31% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.78% of the population.

There were 430 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 15.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $45,592, and the median income for a family was $48,603. Males had a median income of $35,577 versus $23,667 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,445. About 7.6% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lee Township, Calhoun County, Michigan


text:
Leroy Township, Calhoun County, Michigan

Leroy Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,659 at the 2020 census.

History
Leroy Township was established in 1837.

Geography
Leroy Township is located in western Calhoun County, bordered by the city of Battle Creek to the north. Kalamazoo County is to the west. Unincorporated communities within the township include Pine Creek, East Leroy, Joppa, West Leroy, Morgan Corners, and Sonoma.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 94.4 km2, of which 93.2 km2 is land and 1.2 km2, or 1.23%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,240 people, 1,190 households, and 937 families residing in the township. The population density was 90.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,250 housing units at an average density of 34.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 96.70% White, 0.68% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.65% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.67% of the population.

There were 1,190 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.2% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 17.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $52,361, and the median income for a family was $54,754. Males had a median income of $40,938 versus $29,517 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,799. About 6.1% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.


text:
Level Park–Oak Park, Michigan

Level Park–Oak Park is a census-designated place for statistical purposes in Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The CDP population was 3,260 at the 2020 census. The CDP is immediately northwest of the city of Battle Creek and is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The CDP includes the unincorporated areas known as Level Park and Oak Park in Bedford Charter Township along M-89, just north of the Kalamazoo River.
 * Level Park is at 42.36028°N, -85.2725°W.
 * Oak Park is at 42.35833°N, -85.25694°W.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 13.6 km2, of which 13.4 sqkm is land and 0.2 sqkm, or 1.22%, is water. The Kalamazoo River forms the southern border of the CDP. Highway M-89 runs through the community as Michigan Avenue and leads southeast 5 mi to downtown Battle Creek and west 23 mi to Plainwell.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,605 people, 1,399 households, and 1,043 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 677.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,456 housing units at an average density of 273.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.60% White, 4.36% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.05% from other races, and 2.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.

There were 1,399 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,388, and the median income for a family was $50,161. Males had a median income of $40,440 versus $26,127 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,983. About 5.1% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Level Park–Oak Park, Michigan


text:
Marengo Township, Michigan

Marengo Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 2,205.

Communities

 * Marengo is an unincorporated community located just south of Interstate 94 at 42.27139°N, -84.84861°W along the Kalamazoo River and just south of the junction of Michigan Avenue and 23 Mile Road. The township hall is located here. The first records of land ownership in the township all date from 1831. The first township meeting was held in 1833. The name was inspired by Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Marengo.
 * The city of Marshall has incorporated land from the western edge of the township.
 * The city of Albion is just a few miles to the east.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 92.5 km2, of which 90.7 km2 is land and 1.8 km2, or 1.90%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,131 people, 786 households, and 623 families residing in the township. The population density was 60.5 PD/sqmi. There were 822 housing units at an average density of 23.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 96.72% White, 0.38% African American, 0.70% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.70% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.67% of the population.

There were 786 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.6% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $50,473, and the median income for a family was $53,348. Males had a median income of $37,829 versus $25,362 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,550. About 6.5% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Marengo Township, Michigan


text:
Marshall, Michigan

Marshall is a city and the county seat of Calhoun County, Michigan. The population was 6,822 at the 2020 census.

Marshall is best known for its cross-section of 19th- and early 20th-century architecture and as the future home of Ford Motor Company's BlueOval Battery Park. It has been referred to by the keeper of the National Register of Historic Places as a "virtual textbook of 19th-Century American architecture." Its historic center is the Marshall Historic District, one of the nation's largest architecturally significant National Historic Landmark Districts. The Landmark has over 850 buildings, including the Honolulu House.

History

The town was founded by Sidney Ketchum (1797–1862) in 1830, a land surveyor born in Clinton County, New York, in conjunction with his brother, George Ketchum (1794-1853). The Ketchum brothers explored central lower Michigan in 1830, and in late 1830, Sidney Ketchum obtained government grants for the land on which most of Marshall now stands. The early settlers named the community in honor of Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall from Virginia—whom they greatly admired. This occurred five years before Marshall's death and thus was the first of dozens of communities and counties named for him. The village of Marshall was incorporated March 28, 1836.

Marshall was thought to be the frontrunner for state capital, so much so that a Governor's Mansion was built, but the town lost by one vote to Lansing. In the years thereafter, Marshall became known for its patent medicine industry until the Pure Drug Act of 1906. Marshall was involved in the Underground Railroad. When escaped slave Adam Crosswhite fled Kentucky and settled in Marshall with his wife and three children, the people of the town hid him from the posse sent to retrieve him. Those involved were tried in Federal Court and found guilty of denying a man his rightful property. This case and others like it caused the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 to be pushed through Congress.

Stand against slavery
In 1843, Adam Crosswhite, his wife Sarah and their four children ran away from Francis Giltner's plantation in Hunter's Bottom, Carroll County, Kentucky because the Crosswhites learned that one of their four children was to be sold. The Crosswhites made the tough journey north through Indiana along the Underground Railroad, beginning in Madison, Indiana. They finally settled in Marshall, where they were accepted, and Adam worked and built a cabin.

In response to increasing numbers of runaway slaves, a coalition of slave owners in the north central counties and the Bluegrass region of Kentucky organized to recover the runaways. In January 1846, Francis Giltner's son David Giltner and three others went to Marshall to capture the Crosswhite family.

On the morning of January 26, 1847, as the slave catchers and a local deputy sheriff were pounding on Adam's door, his neighbors heard the noise and came running. The cry of "slave catchers!" was yelled through the streets of Marshall. Soon, over 100 people surrounded the Crosswhite home.

Threats were shouted back and forth. One of the slave catchers began to demand that people in the crowd give him their names. They were proud to tell him and even told him the correct spelling. Each name was written down in a little book. Finally, the deputy sheriff, swayed by the crowd's opinion, decided he should arrest the men from Kentucky instead. Marshall townspeople hid the Crosswhites in the attic of George Ingersoll's mill. By the time the slave catchers could post bond and get out of jail, Isaac Jacobs, the hostler at the Marshall House, had hired a covered wagon and driven the Crosswhites to Jackson where they boarded a train to Detroit and then crossed over into Canada.

The Giltners sued some of the people from Marshall for damages in what is known in federal records as the Giltner v. Gorham case. It was tried in the federal court in Detroit. The Giltner v Gorham case resulted in two trials in federal court in Detroit, the first trial ending in a hung jury. At the conclusion of the second trial, the sole remaining defendant in the case, local banker Charles T. Gorham, was ordered to pay the value of the slaves plus court costs. To curry political favor, Detroit entrepreneur Zachariah Chandler supposedly stepped in to pay these costs on Gorham's behalf.

Because of the Crosswhite Affair and many others like it, Sen. Henry Clay from Kentucky pushed a new law through Congress in 1850 known as the Fugitive Slave Law, which made it very risky for anyone to help an escaped slave.

Two Marshall citizens Rev. John D. Pierce and lawyer Isaac E. Crary, innovated the Michigan school system and established it as part of the state constitution. Their method and format were later adopted by all the states in the old Northwest Territory and became the foundation for the Morrill Land-Grant Act in 1862, which established schools like Michigan State University all over the country. Pierce became the country's first state superintendent of public instruction and Crary Michigan's first member of the U.S. House.

Railroad Significance
The first railroad labor union in the U.S., The Brotherhood of the Footboard (later renamed the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen), was formed in Marshall in 1863. Marshall was one of the only stops between Chicago and Detroit and became known as the Chicken Pie city because the only thing one could get to eat in the time it took to cool and switch engines was a chicken pie. A replica of the city's roundhouse can be seen at the Greenfield Village outdoor living history museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

Enbridge Oil Spill
In July 2010, an oil pipeline, owned by Enbridge Energy, ruptured, spilling over 850,000 gallons of crude oil into Talmadge Creek and into the Kalamazoo River. The event received national attention as it was, at that time, the largest oil spill in the inside the United States. The event was known as the Kalamazoo River Oil Spill.

In 2012, the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board stated the Enbridge oil spill in the Kalamazoo River near Marshall was the costliest onshore cleanup in U.S. history.

Marshall Industrial Development - Ford
In 1968, a large tract of land in Marshall Township, approximately 800 acres, was rezoned to D-2 Park Industrial. The rezoning was sought by Flint industrial real estate developer Robert Gerholz. Gerholtz, a former president of the United States Chamber of Commerce, chose the property because of 4 advantages: 1) proximity to the I-94 & I-69 interchange, 2) access to the railroad, 3) access to hard surface road open to industrial truck travel year-round, and 4) proximity to the Kalamazoo River. Over 140 people turned out for rezoning hearing. It was pointed out at the hearing that the 800 acres fully developed with industry could furnish a 100-million-dollar tax base which was about 3 times the tax base was at that time. Among the people at the hearing were representatives from Marshall City Schools, city and county officials, county road commission, Marshall businesses, and manufacturing plants including Consumers Power Company.

In the years after the rezoning there was regular interest in developing the parcel for a large industrial development. In January 1997 the Gerholtz property was recognized by the Marshall Chamber of Commerce as having "statewide and national attention as one of the best locations in Michigan for large scale industrial development." Volkswagen AG expressed interest in developing a manufacturing plant on the Gerholtz property in 2008. Accordingly, the Marshall City attorney obtained several options for property surrounding the larger parcel as would be needed for the preliminary site plannings as the Gerholtz property alone was not large enough. A lack of short-term site readiness for construction caused Volkswagen to shift attention to other potential development.

In late 2021 the State of Michigan pushed for the creation of a 100-million-dollar fund for industrial development on large tracts of land after Tennessee and Kentucky landed $11.4 billion in investments from the Ford Motor Company and a battery manufacturer. The site was the subject of planning, and it was anticipated that these funds would be used to develop an industrial master plan and traffic impact studies.

In September 2022, the Marshall Area Economic Development Alliance (MAEDA) and the Michigan Economic Development Corporation began promoting the "Marshall Megasite" to industrial manufacturers but did not disclose their plan to the general public. Notices were not sent to Marshall Township residents immediately adjacent to on in close proximity to the project. At the time the proposed development area encompassed up to 1,600 acres of rural land (owned by separate landowners and just under 800 acres of which had previously been zoned D-2 Park Industrial) located in Marshall Township just outside Marshall's city limits. The move was controversial as the land was not yet zoned for heavy industry with the majority, over 1000 acres was zoned agricultural.

Marshall Township Residents were informed that a large industrial project was to take place in their community via the announcement of PA 425 Land Transfers to take place in January 2023. There was vocal public opposition to the land transfers, which would take 1,900 acres off of the Marshall Township Tax rolls and put them on the City of Marshall Tax rolls of which a percentage would go back to Marshall Township per the Master PA 425. The transfer enabled the megasite to have access to city utilities such as water and electricity. The Marshall Township Board of Supervisors voted 4 to 1 for the PA 425 land transfers. The Marshall City Council voted for the transfer as well, although there was significant public opposition to the project. In February 2023, Governor Gretchen Whitmer and Ford Motor Company announced the Marshall Megasite would become the site of Ford BlueOval Battery Park. The zoning changes on the property to allow for heavy industry were not made until May 1, 2023 by the Marshall City Council. Residents filed a petition for referendum on the zoning and their petition was rejected by the Marshall City Clerk and the Marshall City Council Members. A lawsuit was filed against the City by the ballot committee named "Committee for Marshall-Not the Megasite" The lawsuit was dismissed by the Circuit Court in early January 2024. The Committee for Marshall-Not the Megasite have filed an appeal. This committee was countersued by a committee with ties to Governor Whitmer's campaign committee.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.40 sqmi, of which 6.28 sqmi is land and 0.12 sqmi is water.

Demographics
Marshall is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,088 people, 3,092 households, and 1,840 families residing in the city. The population density was 1128.7 PD/sqmi. There were 3,394 housing units at an average density of 540.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.1% White, 1.1% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.8% of the population.

There were 3,092 households, of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.5% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 40.5 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,459 people, 3,111 households, and 1,935 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,260.7 PD/sqmi. There were 3,353 housing units at an average density of 566.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.91% White, 0.32% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.99% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.16% of the population.

There were 3,111 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $41,171, and the median income for a family was $53,317. Males had a median income of $41,446 versus $30,398 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,101. About 2.6% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Festivals

 * The Calhoun County Fair is the oldest operating County Fair in Michigan. Operated by the Calhoun County Agricultural and Industrial Society, the fair takes place during the second week in August. Floral Hall, located on the grounds is the oldest fair building in the state.  Marshall maintains its strong agricultural ties with a large number of students involved in FFA and 4-H.
 * The Marshall Historic Home Tour, the oldest historic home tour in the Great Lakes area, is held annually the weekend after Labor Day. The tour features eight private historic homes, a church, a business, and eight museums open for the two days of the tour.  There is also musical entertainment,  a juried craft show,  and a Civil War Ball with elaborate costumes on Saturday night.  The tour, now in its 50th year, is presented by the Marshall Historical Society.
 * Cruise to the Fountain features about 1,000 classic cars from the 1950s and 1960s the weekend before the Fourth of July at the Calhoun County Fairgrounds. On Friday and Saturday nights the cars cruise from the Fairgrounds through the downtown, around the Brooks Memorial Fountain and back.
 * Blues Fest is held each June, with blues musicians from all over the Midwest performing downtown, complete with food vendors and a beer tent.
 * Skeleton Fest held the last Saturday in September, over 30 whimsically posed skeletons take over the downtown area. There is a free, family-friendly kick-off party for the kids, followed by a Pub & Grub crawl for the adults.
 * The Monday after Thanksgiving is the date of the annual Christmas Parade. There are typically over 100 entries for this parade. It averages 6–10 bands and 20-40 floats. Santa's arrival to Marshall is always the highlight of this event.
 * Marshall Historical Society's Christmas Candlelight Walk features five private homes on tour in a small group setting. Limited tickets are sold for Saturday and Sunday afternoon and evening walks.  The Walk, now in its 40th year, is held annually in early December.
 * On the second weekend in June and first weekend in October, the Fiber Arts & Animals Festival is held. This festival has been held since 2005.

Major highways

 * , a north–south freeway connecting with Fort Wayne, Indiana, to the south and Lansing to the north.
 * , an east–west route connecting with Battle Creek and Kalamazoo on the west and Jackson and Detroit on the east.
 * runs through downtown.
 * runs westerly from Marshall through Battle Creek and on to Kalamazoo.
 * has as its northern terminus at BL I-94 (Michigan Avenue) on the west side of Marshall, near I-69.

Public Transportation

 * The city of Marshall provides Demand responsive transport bus service during the week with no service provided on weekends or major holidays.
 * Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service to nearby Battle Creek, Michigan and Albion, Michigan, operating its Wolverine both directions between Chicago, Illinois and Pontiac, Michigan, via Detroit.

Airport
Brooks Field is a non-towered General Aviation airfield owned and operated by the city of Marshall. The airport features a single runway (10/28) 3500 x 75 feet, helipad, public and private hangars, lighted wind indicator, segmented circle, compass rose, and a tie down apron.

Notable people

 * Gwen Robinson Awsumb, mid-20th century politician and social activist
 * John Bellairs, fantasy author best known for The House with a Clock in Its Walls
 * Cyrus W. Cole, U.S. Navy officer with the rank of Rear Admiral
 * Ryan A. Conklin, author and castmember of Real World: Brooklyn and Return To Duty
 * Adam Gase, former head coach of the New York Jets, and the Miami Dolphins
 * Homer Hazel, all-American college football player
 * Jamie Hyneman, co-host of the TV series MythBusters
 * Belle K. Maniates, novelist and short story writer
 * Sharon Miller, professional golfer and winner of two LPGA Tour tournaments
 * John Morse, professional golfer
 * Samuel W Hill, American surveyor, known for the phrase "What The Sam Hill".

Notable businesses

 * Dark Horse Brewery
 * Honolulu House
 * Oaklawn (Hospital & Medical Group) - currently the city's largest employer

Museums and historical markers

 * The second-largest U.S. Postal Service museum is in Marshall. Its 4,000 artifacts—including uniforms, rural carrier memorabilia, rural post office equipment, automobiles and sleds—are eclipsed only by the collection of the Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian National Postal Museum in Washington D.C.  It was established in 1986, and is in the basement of the historical Schragg Marshall post office (named after Michael Schragg, a former postmaster)  See U.S. Postal Museums.

There are many recognized Michigan historical markers in Marshall, including

 * Adam Crosswhite
 * American Museum of Magic
 * Butler-Boyce House / W. D. Boyce
 * Calhoun County Fair
 * Capitol Hill School
 * Charles T. Gorham
 * First Baptist Church (Marshall)
 * Governor's Mansion
 * Grand Army of the Republic / The G. A. R. Hall
 * Harold C. Brooks / Fitch Gorham Brooks House
 * Hillside / Mary Miller
 * Honolulu House
 * Isaac Crary and John Pierce / State School System
 * Isaac E. Crary House
 * James A. Miner
 * Jeremiah Cronin. Jr. House / John Bellairs
 * John D. Pierce Homesite
 * Ketchum Park
 * Lieutenant George A. Woodruff
 * Lockwood House / Lockwood Family
 * Marshall Historic District
 * Marshall Avenue Bridge
 * National House
 * The Old Stone Barn
 * Oliver C. Comstock Jr.
 * Pioneer School
 * Postmasters / Howard F Young
 * Railroad Union Birthplace
 * Sam Hill House
 * Samuel Coleman House
 * Schellenberger Tavern
 * Schuler's
 * Sidney Ketchum / Marshall House
 * Thomas J. O'Brien
 * Trinity Episcopal Church / Montgomery Schuyler
 * William W. Cook

title: Marshall, Michigan


text:
Marshall Township, Michigan

Marshall Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,157 at the 2020 census. The city of Marshall is adjacent to the township, but is administratively autonomous.

Geography
Marshall Township is located just north of the center of Calhoun County and is bordered on the southeast by the city of Marshall. The unincorporated community of Ceresco lies along the western boundary of the township. Interstates 94 and 69 cross near the center of the township; I-94 leads west 10 mi to Battle Creek and east 31 mi to Jackson, while I-69 leads northeast 42 mi to Lansing and south 25 mi to Coldwater.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Marshall Township has a total area of 81.7 km2, of which 80.6 km2 is land and 1.1 km2, or 1.34%, is water. The Kalamazoo River flows from east to west across the southern part of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,922 people, 1,081 households, and 874 families residing in the township. The population density was 93.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,117 housing units at an average density of 35.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.13% White, 0.27% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.68% of the population.

There were 1,081 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.4% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $56,563, and the median income for a family was $66,105. Males had a median income of $44,074 versus $32,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $25,163. About 4.7% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 1.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Marshall Township, Michigan


text:
Newton Township, Calhoun County, Michigan

Newton Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,781 at the 2020 census. The township was named after Newton, Massachusetts.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 94.2 sqkm, of which 93.2 sqkm is land and 1.0 sqkm, or 1.04%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,493 people, 1,017 households, and 768 families residing in the township. The population density was 69.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,077 housing units at an average density of 30.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.11% White, 0.40% African American, 0.24% Native American, 1.04% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.44% of the population.

There were 1,017 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.5% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $48,568, and the median income for a family was $53,608. Males had a median income of $41,420 versus $30,549 for females. The per capita income for the township was $23,569. About 3.6% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.


text:
Pennfield Charter Township, Michigan

Pennfield Charter Township is a charter township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 8,781 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 90.9 km2, of which 88.7 km2 is land and 2.2 km2, or 2.38%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,913 people, 3,532 households, and 2,468 families residing in the township. The population density was 256.3 PD/sqmi. There were 3,764 housing units at an average density of 108.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 92.80% White, 4.35% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.48% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.65% of the population.

There were 3,532 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $44,277, and the median income for a family was $53,690. Males had a median income of $40,315 versus $27,318 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,846. About 5.5% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.4% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

Schools

 * Pennfield High School - Enrollment 678 (2009), Grades 9-12
 * Pennfield Middle School - Grades 6-8
 * Dunlap Elementary - Grades 3-5
 * Purdy Elementary - Grades K-2
 * North Pennfield Elementary - Grades K-2

title: Pennfield Charter Township, Michigan


text:
Sheridan Township, Calhoun County, Michigan

Sheridan Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,809 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Sheridan Township is located in eastern Calhoun County and is bordered by Jackson County to the east. The city of Albion is along the southern boundary of the township but administratively separate. Interstate 94 runs through the township with access from two exits.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 82.3 sqkm, of which 81.1 sqkm is land and 1.1 sqkm, or 1.38%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,116 people, 770 households, and 559 families residing in the township. The population density was 67.3 PD/sqmi. There were 823 housing units at an average density of 26.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 87.81% White, 7.84% African American, 0.61% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.99% from other races, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.74% of the population.

There were 770 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the township the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,075, and the median income for a family was $37,656. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $25,156 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,886. About 7.9% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.


text:
Springfield, Michigan

 * There are also two Springfield Townships in Michigan.

Springfield is a city in Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is an enclave of the city of Battle Creek. The population was 5,292 at the 2020 census.

Begg Park
Springfield's Begg Park is located at 503 Military Avenue just off M-96 and is Springfield's largest park at 20.7 acres. It is home to a professional 18-hole disk golf course and hosted the 2008 Disc Golf World Championship. In addition to the disc golf course, Begg Park also has the Springfield Farmers' Market, a playground area, a picnic pavilion, open spaces, tree-shaded areas, paved walking trails, and a brook that cuts through the park's center.

Upton Park
Upton Park is a 6.2 acre park located between Nettles Street and Upton Avenue in Springfield, Michigan. The park features a 1-acre pond used for fishing and model boat racing. In addition, the park has a pavilion used for picnics, playground equipment, a basketball court, and a walking trail that circles the pond. The park is located in the Central and Eastern neighborhoods and is located at the center of one of Springfield's most established neighborhoods. Upton Park is formally known as John F. Kennedy Park.

B. Carol Hinton Park
The City of Springfield received a grant in 2012 from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to create a park out of a small piece of city-owned property near the intersection of 27th Street and Frisbie Boulevard. The park has a basketball court and play scape enclosed by a fence.

Rothchild Park
Rothchild Park is an open park located at Helmer Road and Harmonia Road. It is approximately 12 acres and features a pavilion with picnic tables and a dog park.

Government
Springfield has a council-manager form of government. The city levies an income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0.5 percent on nonresidents.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.70 sqmi, of which 3.66 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,260 people, 2,156 households, and 1,213 families residing in the city. The population density was 1437.2 PD/sqmi. There were 2,467 housing units at an average density of 674.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 76.6% White, 9.6% African American, 0.5% Native American, 7.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of the population.

There were 2,156 households, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.3% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.7% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age in the city was 33.8 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,189 people, 2,161 households, and 1,195 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,395.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,367 housing units at an average density of 636.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 86.30% White, 7.69% African American, 0.96% Native American, 1.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.08% from other races, and 2.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.51% of the population.

There were 2,161 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.4% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.7% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,790, and the median income for a family was $34,272. Males had a median income of $29,433 versus $22,830 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,413. About 9.0% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Springfield, Michigan


text:
Tekonsha, Michigan

Tekonsha is a village in Tekonsha Township, Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 653 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.73 sqmi, of which 0.71 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 717 people, 282 households, and 194 families living in the village. The population density was 1009.9 PD/sqmi. There were 312 housing units at an average density of 439.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.0% White, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 282 households, of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.2% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the village was 40 years. 24.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.9% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.0% male and 53.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 712 people, 290 households, and 198 families living in the village. The population density was 1,033.0 PD/sqmi. There were 298 housing units at an average density of 432.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.49% White, 0.14% African American, 0.56% Native American, and 2.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population.

There were 290 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $39,917, and the median income for a family was $48,375. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $25,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,531. About 4.8% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Talbert Abrams, photographer and aviator known as the "Father of Aerial Photography"

title: Tekonsha, Michigan


text:
Tekonsha Township, Michigan

Tekonsha Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,520 at the 2020 census.

Communities

 * The village of Tekonsha is in the southern part of the township.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 93.9 km2, of which 91.7 km2 is land and 2.2 km2, or 2.39%, is water. The St. Joseph River flows from east to west through the township, past the village of Tekonsha.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,734 people, 681 households, and 491 families residing in the township. The population density was 48.6 PD/sqmi. There were 702 housing units at an average density of 19.7 per square mile (7.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.75% White, 0.12% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.06% from other races, and 1.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.

There were 681 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,121, and the median income for a family was $47,891. Males had a median income of $33,900 versus $25,063 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,604. About 5.0% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Tekonsha Township, Michigan


text:
Calvin Township, Michigan

Calvin Township is a civil township of Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,993 at the 2020 census.

History
Calvin Township's first public school was built in 1834. Calvin Township was organized in 1835 and named for Calvin Britain who represented Cass County in the state legislature. Calvin Township along with Cass County generally was part of the Underground Railroad. In 1850 Calvin Township's population was 25.3% African-American, many of these families are of mixed Native ancestry, especially from the Saponi, Lumbee, and Pamunkey tribes.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 92.1 km2, of which 88.9 km2 is land and 3.1 km2, or 3.41%, is water. Calvin Township is the location of the Calvin impact crater.

Communities

 * Brownsville began with a gristmill built by Pleasant Grubb in 1831. It was located at the lower end of Diamond Lake. It had a post office from 1854 until 1901.
 * Calvin Center is an unincorporated community on the central part of the township. Located about 3.8 miles south of Diamond Lake, 4 miles south of Vandalia, 18 miles east of Niles, 17 miles west of Constantine, 5 miles north of U.S. Route 12 and is located on Calvin Center Rd. in the Cassopolis address area.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,041 people, 784 households, and 559 families residing in the township. The population density was 59.3 PD/sqmi. There were 999 housing units at an average density of 29.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 69.43% White, 23.22% African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 1.08% from other races, and 5.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.50% of the population.

There were 784 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,171, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $33,289 versus $25,472 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,387. About 8.8% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.5% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
All of Calvin Township is zoned to Cassopolis Public Schools.

title: Calvin Township, Michigan