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Brookhaven, Mississippi

Brookhaven is a small city in Lincoln County, Mississippi, United States, 55 mi south of the state capital of Jackson. The population was 11,674 people at the 2020 U.S. Census. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. It was named after the town of Brookhaven, New York, by founder Samuel Jayne in 1818.

History
Brookhaven is located in what was formerly territory of the Choctaw. The city was founded in 1818 by Samuel Jayne from New York, who named it after the town of Brookhaven on Long Island. Most of the Choctaw were forced out of Mississippi in the 1830s under Indian Removal, and were given lesser land in Indian Territory.

The railroad was constructed through Brookhaven in 1858. It connected Brookhaven with New Orleans to the south and Memphis to the north.

During the Civil War, Brookhaven was briefly occupied at noon on April 29, 1863, by a raiding party of Union cavalry under the command of Colonel Benjamin Grierson. The Union force burned public buildings and destroyed the railroad. This was rebuilt after the war.

In 1908, a mob of 2,000 White people assaulted a military guard and kidnapped a Black man, Eli Pigot, and murdered him in broad daylight. In 1936 Brookhaven was chosen as the site of the Stahl-Urban garment plant.

In 1955, Lamar Smith, a black farmer and World War I veteran, was shot to death by whites mid-day on the lawn of the county courthouse in Brookhaven. He had been working to organize voter registration among blacks, who had been largely disenfranchised in the state since 1890 by barriers created by whites. After World War II, Smith was among the many veterans who became activists for civil rights, determined to regain their constitutional rights. Nobody was prosecuted for his murder.

In 2022, D'Monterrio Gibson, a black FedEx driver was chased down and shot at by two white men after Gibson had delivered a package to an incorrect address and then retrieved it.

Geography
Brookhaven is in central Lincoln County. Interstate 55 passes through the west side of the city, with access from Exits 38, 40, and 42. I-55 leads north 55 mi to Jackson, the state capital, and south 79 mi to Hammond, Louisiana. U.S. Route 51 runs parallel to I-55, passing through the west side of Brookhaven closer to the city center. US-51 leads north 20 mi to Hazlehurst and south 25 mi to McComb. U.S. Route 84 passes through the south side of Brookhaven, leading east 36 mi to Prentiss and west 61 mi to Natchez.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 56.3 km2, of which 56.1 sqkm are land and 0.2 km2, or 0.41%, are water. The city expanded in late 2007 to almost triple its previous area, through a vote of annexation, to bring in suburban developments surrounding the older town and equalize taxing and services provided to the new metropolitan area.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 11,674 people, 4,346 households, and 2,827 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 12,513 people, 4,768 households, and 3,146 families residing in the city of Brookhaven. The population density was 1,714.1 PD/sqmi. There were 5,519 housing units at an average density of 756.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was fairly evenly split with 43.8% White, 54.1% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 4,768 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.7% were married couples living together, 24.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 20 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.6 years.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,036, and the median income for a family was $40,018. About 25.2% of families and 31.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.6% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The city is served by the Brookhaven School District of public schools. Up until 1970, separate systems were maintained for black students and white schools. When Brown v. Board required integration of schools in 1954, white citizens refused. In 1970, when the state finally capitulated and desegregated public schools, a private school, Brookhaven Academy, was created to allow white parents to keep their children from attending schools with black children.

In 1988, Brookhaven High School hired a football coach, Hollis Rutter, from Brookhaven Academy. This so upset the black population, who felt that this was a racially-insensitive move, that a school boycott ensued, ultimately resulting in the rescission of Rutter's hiring. This school again came into the spotlight in 2018 when it became known that Cindy Hyde-Smith, a candidate for U.S. Senate known for making racially-incendiary statements, sent her daughter to this school.

The statewide magnet high school, the Mississippi School of the Arts is also located in the city. Four Lincoln County public schools are also located in Brookhaven's rural areas: Bogue Chitto Attendance Center, Enterprise Attendance Center, Loyd Star Attendance Center and West Lincoln Attendance Center. The former institution of higher learning Whitworth Female College, founded in 1858, was located in Brookhaven. The all-girls college closed its doors in 1984.

In 2019, it was reported that the school district still "has largely segregated classrooms – some all-black, some majority white."

Media
Brookhaven is a part of the Jackson, Mississippi television market, including news stations WLBT, WJTV, WAPT, and WDBD. The city is served by a daily newspaper called The Daily Leader.

Roads
Brookhaven contains Interstate 55 and U.S. Route 51, which run parallel to each other going north-south, and U.S. Route 84, which runs east-west.

Rail transportation
Amtrak's famous City of New Orleans (subject of the song ballad written by Steve Goodman and recorded by folk singer Arlo Guthrie in 1972) serves Brookhaven, going north and south on the old Illinois Central and Gulf, Mobile and Ohio railroad lines.

Notable people

 * Lance Dwight Alworth, American football player
 * Elsie Barge, pianist, music educator, and clubwoman
 * Jim C. Barnett, physician and surgeon; member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1992 to 2008.
 * Jim Brewer, Maxwell Street blues musician
 * Corey Dickerson, baseball player
 * Bernard Ebbers, former CEO of WorldCom
 * Charles Henri Ford, poet, novelist, filmmaker, photographer, and collage artist
 * Ruth Ford, actress
 * Cindy Hyde-Smith, U.S. Senator from Mississippi
 * Earsell Mackbee, football player
 * Garry Owen, film actor
 * Robert W. Pittman, founder MTV and former CEO and COO of AOL
 * Lulah Ragsdale, poet, novelist, actor
 * David Banner, rapper
 * Richard Scruggs, lawyer
 * J. Kim Sessums, artist
 * Lamar Smith, Civil rights activist.
 * Guy Turnbow, football player
 * Addie L. Wyatt, leader in the United States Labor movement, civil rights activist, and Time magazine as Person of the Year in 1975.

Architecture
Brookhaven's Temple B'nai Shalom is an example of Moorish Revival architecture.

title: Brookhaven, Mississippi


text:
Livermore, New Hampshire

Livermore is an unincorporated civil township and ghost town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. It was briefly inhabited as a logging town in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The site of the former village is approximately 16 mi west of North Conway, about 1.5 mi off U.S. Route 302 (the Crawford Notch Highway) via the U.S. Forest Service Sawyer River Road. The logging operation was established by Daniel Saunders Jr. and Charles W. Saunders, members of the Saunders family. The town was named for Samuel Livermore, a former United States senator who was the grandfather of Daniel Saunders' wife. The population was reported as two at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 165.6 sqkm, of which 165.2 sqkm are land and 0.4 sqkm, or 0.26%, is water. Nearly all of the town's area (99.7%) is part of the White Mountain National Forest.

To the south is Waterville Valley, to the north and west is Lincoln (and a southern tip of Bethlehem), and to the east are Hart's Location, Bartlett and the northwestern corner of Albany.

The village of Livermore was benchmarked with an elevation of 1264 ft, a quarter mile from the eastern boundary adjoining Hart's Location.

Livermore is a long, relatively narrow township, forming a very rough approximation of a crescent with its endpoints at the north and west. Livermore and its neighbor to the west, Lincoln, occupy a large area of uninhabited woodland once known as the "Pemigewasset Wilderness" (a portion of which is preserved in the present-day WMNF Pemigewasset Wilderness in Lincoln). The original boundary between the two towns did not follow natural features, such as the crest of the divide that separates the Pemigewasset River and Saco River drainages, which led to numerous charges and countercharges of cutting over the line between the two owners, the Saunders family in Livermore and James Everell Henry in Lincoln. In addition, it was difficult to haul timber over the ridgecrest. Eventually a settlement was reached by which the New Hampshire legislature redrew the town boundary to run along the ridgecrest, with the Lincoln portion defined as that part of the territory that is drained by the East Branch of the Pemigewasset River and the Livermore portion as that drained by other rivers. This definition produced a peculiar result: there is a small piece of Livermore at the head of the Little River valley (part of the Ammonoosuc River drainage) that is not contiguous to the rest of the town - it is, in fact, 4.8 mi from the nearest corner of the main part of the town and, therefore, forms an exclave. Since this fragment and all lands bordering it are now part of the White Mountain National Forest, this historical peculiarity no longer has any practical consequences.

The curving northwestern border of the township follows the height of land between the drainage of the East Branch of the Pemigewasset River to the west and the headwaters of the Sawyer River and the Swift River to the east, as well as tributaries of the Pemigewasset River to the south. Important summits along the border (from northeast to southwest) include Mount Bemis, at 3706 ft above sea level; Mount Lowell, at 3743 ft; Mount Carrigain, the highest point in Livermore at 4700 ft; Mount Kancamagus, at 3728 ft; and Mount Osceola, at 4326 ft.

Two roads cross the township of Livermore, although neither one is close to the site of Livermore village. The Kancamagus Highway (New Hampshire Route 112) crosses Kancamagus Pass (2855 ft) on the Lincoln/Livermore boundary and passes through several miles of the southeastern part of Livermore to a point just west of Sabbaday Falls. The Tripoli Road (not usually maintained for winter travel), which runs from the northern tip of Thornton through Thornton Gap to Waterville Valley, crosses the southwest corner of the township.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were two people living in the township.

Historical census figures are shown in the adjacent table. As a logging town where most of the actual logging was done in the winter by transient men hired for the season only, ascertaining the actual population of Livermore at any given time would have been problematic, and these census figures may have been influenced by how these transients were counted.

History
The following is a summary of Livermore's history:
 * 1874 - Grafton County Lumber Co. incorporated by the Saunders family.
 * 1875 - Sawyer River Railroad incorporated.
 * 1876 - Livermore incorporated. First mill is constructed and burns down later in the year.
 * 1877 - Construction of Sawyer River Railroad begins to support logging activity.
 * 1880 - Smallpox epidemic kills 6 townspeople.
 * 1881 - Livermore post office is established.
 * 1885 - Town reports having one school with a population of 28 students.
 * 1890 - Town records indicate mill ownership changed from the Saunders family to George P. James.
 * 1891 - Charles Saunders dies. His brother, Daniel Saunders, and Daniel's son, Charles G. Saunders, continue to oversee operations.
 * 1895 - George P. James sells his portion of Livermore back to the Saunders family, specifically Charles G. Saunders.
 * 1896 - Topographic map shows railroad and twelve inhabited buildings.
 * 1898 - Telephone service established.
 * 1901 - Over half of Livermore is annexed to Lincoln by State Legislature.
 * 1910 - Fire tower constructed at peak of Mt. Carrigain.
 * 1912 - C. G. Saunders mortgages Livermore Mills to Gideon M. Sutherland.
 * 1918 - C. G. Saunders dies. His three sisters inherit nearly all of his estate, while mill operations is passed to an officer for the Saunders interests, Clinton I. Nash.
 * 1919 - A fire destroys Livermore Mills.
 * 1920 - The original locomotive derails, falls into Sawyer River, and is subsequently replaced.
 * 1922 - New reconstructed mill is completed.
 * 1924 - New school is completed, employing two teachers for approximately 20 students.
 * 1927 - A November storm devastates the town. The mill is severely damaged and a large section of the railroad bed is washed away.
 * 1928 - The last mill is closed.
 * 1929 - Clinton Nash inquires with the United States Forest Service about selling the Saunders sisters's Livermore holdings to the Forest Service.
 * 1931 - The post office is closed.
 * 1937 - All but one 12 acre parcel of land is sold to the Forest Service for inclusion in the White Mountain National Forest. The remaining parcel was retained by the Saunders sisters, along with their mansion.
 * 1944 - A two story home, a boarding house, and remaining sawmill equipment are auctioned off by the Government.
 * 1947 - The locomotive is sold by the Forest Service.
 * 1949 - The last two residents leave town.
 * 1951 - Livermore dissolved by an act of the New Hampshire legislature. During the same year, the Saunders sisters' 12 acres are passed to Clinton Nash.
 * 1963 - Clinton Nash's Livermore holdings, including the Saunders mansion, are sold to a couple from Conway, Robert and Bessie Shackford.
 * 1964 - Clinton Nash dies.
 * 1965 - Robert Shackford burns down the Saunders mansion after getting tired of constant vandalism and destruction of the property.
 * 1970s - Bill defeated in State House for Lincoln to annex Livermore.

Diatomaceous earth—also called tripolite—was once mined in Little East Pond and processed in a mill located in the southwestern part of Livermore township. The Tripoli Road received its name from this mill. The USFS Little East Pond Trail follows for some distance the grade of the old railroad that served the mill, and the ruins of the mill can still be found by following the line of the railroad grade into the woods for a short distance. However, this mill was far from the village of Livermore and was historically more identified with Thornton.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Livermore, New Hampshire


text:
Potts Camp, Mississippi

Potts Camp is a town in Marshall County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 416 at the 2020 census, down from 523 in 2010.

History
Potts Camp is rooted in a trading post established along the Pontotoc Trail by Colonel Erasmus Potts in the mid-19th century. The town incorporated in 1912.

Geography
Potts Camp is located in southeastern Marshall County at 34.64806°N, -89.30472°W (34.647997, -89.304598). It is bordered to the east by Benton County. The town is located 30 mi northeast of Oxford along Mississippi Highway 178. Interstate 22 passes through the northern part of town, leading northwest 12 mi to Holly Springs, the Marshall county seat, and southeast 21 mi to New Albany.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Potts Camp has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land. Oaklimeter Creek, a tributary of the Tippah River, runs along the town's southwestern boundary.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 416 people, 257 households, and 145 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 494 people, 195 households, and 135 families residing in the town. The population density was 552.5 PD/sqmi. There were 225 housing units at an average density of 251.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 66.60% White, 32.59% African American, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.

There were 195 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 20.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,472, and the median income for a family was $30,903. Males had a median income of $28,333 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,600. About 20.1% of families and 23.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 18.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Potts Camp is served by the Marshall County School District.

Notable people

 * Bob Boyd, former Major League Baseball player
 * Kenny Brown, blues guitarist
 * Aaron L. Ford, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1935 to 1943

title: Potts Camp, Mississippi


text:
Smithville, Mississippi

Smithville is a town in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 509 at the 2020 census, down from 942 in 2010.

History
Smithville is located on lands purchased from Chickasaw chief Che-lah-cha-chubby in 1836. The town is named for William Smith, an early settler who established a store at the site around 1840. The town was incorporated in 1845.

2011 tornado
On April 27, 2011, at approximately 3:45 p.m. CDT, an EF5 tornado struck the town with winds which were estimated to have peaked at 205 mph. A total of 16 people were killed, and 40 people were injured. In total, 117 structures were destroyed and 50 more sustained major damage from the storm in Monroe County alone, before the tornado continued into Itawamba County. In Smithville, an SUV was lofted and thrown a half mile into the water tower, making a dent, before being carried even further downwind. Other damage included the complete destruction of the city hall, post office, police station, and four churches, along with appliances and plumbing fixtures being shredded or ripped away from foundations and numerous granite tombstones being knocked down.

Geography
Smithville is located in northern Monroe County at 34.06861°N, -88.39556°W (34.068605, -88.395486). The town is situated along the east bank of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. The waterway's Glover Wilkins Lock is located just downstream (west). Mississippi Highway 25 traverses Smithville, connecting the town with Fulton to the north and Amory to the south.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.6 sqmi, of which 1.5 sqmi are land and 0.1 sqmi, or 7.71%, are water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 882 people, 365 households, and 243 families residing in the town. The population density 602.1 people per square mile (233.2/km$2$). There were 404 housing units at an average density of 275.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town is 97.62% White, 1.59% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 365 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who 65 years of age or older. The average household size 2.42 and the average family size 3.03.

In the town, the population spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town $32,583, and the median income for a family $38,750. Males had a median income of $30,294 versus $23,958 for females. The per capita income for the town $14,030. About 7.1% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 18.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Smithville is served by the Monroe County School District.

Smithville High School won two 1A football state championships in 1993 and 1998. The school previously vied for the title in 1989, losing to a Mt. Olive (MS) team quarterbacked by future NFL great Steve McNair. The Smithville High School softball team has won the 1A state championship in 2008, 2011, and 2012. The Smithville High School Band has won two state marching championships.

Notable people

 * Rod Brasfield, a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame and former member of the Grand Ole Opry
 * Anthony J. Cox, former member of the Mississippi State Senate
 * Mississippi Slim, country singer and former member of the Grand Ole Opry
 * Frances Irene Reels, screenwriter and actress

title: Smithville, Mississippi


text:
Lyman, New Hampshire

Lyman is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 585 at the 2020 census.

History
Lyman, along with Grantham, Lisbon, and eleven Vermont towns, was granted as compensation to General Phineas Lyman, a commander in the French and Indian War. According to the county gazetteer, "It was granted to Daniel Lyman and sixty-three others, November 10, 1761, its name being derived from the fact that eleven of the grantees bore the name of Lyman. The grantees failed to comply with the requirements of their charter, and thus forfeited their grant, but an extension of time was granted them July 20, 1769." Lyman was incorporated in 1761. In 1880 it had a population of 665.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 74.3 km2, of which 73.5 sqkm are land and 0.8 sqkm are water, comprising 1.03% of the town. The town is drained by tributaries of the Ammonoosuc River and is part of the Connecticut River watershed. The highest point in town is 2285 ft above sea level, just east of the summit of Signal Mountain, a knob along the ridge of Gardner Mountain, which defines the town's western boundary.

The town's initial grant included land along the Connecticut River. In 1854 the portion of Lyman found west of "Gardner's Mountain" was separately incorporated as Monroe.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 487 people, 211 households, and 150 families living in the town. The population density was 17.1 PD/sqmi. There were 280 housing units at an average density of 9.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.36% White, 0.21% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population.

There were 211 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.64.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 31.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,607, and the median income for a family was $48,365. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $23,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,332. About 3.5% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Lyman, New Hampshire


text:
Conehatta, Mississippi

Conehatta is a census-designated place (CDP) in Newton County, Mississippi. The population was 997 at the 2000 census. It is one of the eight communities included in the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Reservation and the population is 76% Choctaw.

The community takes its name from Conehatta Creek.

Geography
Conehatta is located at 32.4575°N, -89.27111°W (32.457541, -89.271151).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 16.0 sqmi, of which 15.9 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi (0.56%) is water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,376 people, 388 households, and 349 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 997 people, 297 households, and 231 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 62.8 PD/sqmi. There were 319 housing units at an average density of 20.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 16.25% White, 7.22% African American, 76.03% Native American, 0.30% from other races, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population.

There were 297 households, out of which 50.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 32.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.68.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 40.1% under the age of 18, 12.6% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 13.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,406, and the median income for a family was $24,063. Males had a median income of $25,667 versus $21,719 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,343. About 45.4% of families and 42.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education
Conehatta is served by the Newton County School District.

Native American students are eligible to attend schools in the Choctaw Tribal School System, a tribal school system operated by the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, a federally recognized tribe. Conehatta Elementary School is in the community.

Notable people

 * Beasley Denson, Tribal chief of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians from 2007 to 2011
 * Joe Overstreet (b. 1933, Choctaw), abstract painter

title: Conehatta, Mississippi


text:
Shuqualak, Mississippi

Shuqualak, pronounced "sugar lock", is a town in Noxubee County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 399. That is down from 501 from the 2010 census. Three locations in Shuqualak, including most of the downtown area, are included on the National Register of Historic Places.

History
A post office was established in 1855, and the town was incorporated in 1859. Shuqualak was a stop on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, built in the 1850s. Shuqualak is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean "beads".

Geography
Shuqualak is located on U.S. Route 45, midway between Columbus and Meridian.

An auxiliary landing field for Columbus Air Force Base is located south of the town. The name of the auxiliary landing field is Gunshy.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 399 people, 199 households, and 115 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 562 people, 214 households, and 148 families residing in the town. The population density was 493.0 PD/sqmi. There were 249 housing units at an average density of 218.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 29.72% White, 69.57% African American, and 0.71% from two or more races.

There were 214 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 28.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $21,875, and the median income for a family was $26,607. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $22,596 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,051. About 30.7% of families and 29.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.1% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The Shuqualak Lumber Company was founded in 1948 and employs approximately 150. It is one of the largest privately owned, independent producers of southern yellow pine in the southeastern United States.

Education
The Town of Shuqualak is served by the Noxubee County School District. It was the site of the now defunct Shuqualak Female College, a female seminary founded in 1880.

Notable people

 * Vincent Dancy – American football coach
 * James Z. George – Confederate politician and military officer

title: Shuqualak, Mississippi


text:
Courtland, Mississippi

Courtland is a town in Panola County, Mississippi. The population was 511 at the time of the 2010 census.

History
Courtland, Mississippi was incorporated as a town on March 30, 1871. On July 17, 1946, acting Governor Fielding L. Wright issued a proclamation abolishing the town as it had not held a municipal election in over two years. On July 18, the area was reorganized into a village.

Geography
Courtland is located at 34.23917°N, -89.94278°W (34.239122, -89.942670).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.1 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 460 people, 157 households, and 127 families residing in the town. The population density was 408.1 PD/sqmi. There were 169 housing units at an average density of 150.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 64.57% White and 35.43% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population.

There were 157 households, out of which 43.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.6% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,729, and the median income for a family was $38,125. Males had a median income of $32,125 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,130. About 12.4% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 24.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Town of Courtland is served by the South Panola School District.

Notable people

 * Calvin Chapman, MLB infielder and outfielder
 * Ed Chapman, MLB pitcher
 * Jermarcus Hardrick, gridiron football offensive lineman
 * Lawrence B. McGill, actor, director, and writer
 * Albert B. Poston, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1882-1883

title: Courtland, Mississippi


text:
Pope, Mississippi

Pope is a village in Panola County, Mississippi. The population was 241 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 241 people, 88 households, and 69 families residing in the village. The population density was 238.4 PD/sqmi. There were 96 housing units at an average density of 95.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 83.82% White, 14.52% African American, and 1.66% from two or more races.

There were 88 households, out of which 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 17.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.5% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had a median income of $30,893 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,543. About 11.5% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 22.5% of those 65 or over.

Education
The Village of Pope is served by the South Panola School District. Residents are zoned to Pope Elementary/Junior High School in Pope and South Panola High School in Batesville. Pope Elementary School does not offer pre-k classes, but students from Pope may attend pre-k classes offered by South Panola School District in Batesville.

Notable people

 * Dennis Baker, Mississippi legislator and judge
 * Cliff Finch, governor of Mississippi from 1976 to 1980
 * Charles "Bobo" Shaw, jazz drummer

title: Pope, Mississippi


text:
Lyme, New Hampshire

Lyme is a town along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,745 as of the 2020 census. Lyme is home to the Chaffee Natural Conservation Area. The Dartmouth Skiway is in the eastern part of town, near the village of Lyme Center. The Appalachian Trail passes through the town's heavily wooded eastern end.

History
This was once a home to Abenaki Indians, including a band of Sokokis near Post Pond at a place they called Ordanakis. Later, it would be among the many towns granted by colonial Governor Benning Wentworth along the Connecticut River in 1761. Many of the 63 grantees lived in Massachusetts and Connecticut, but virtually none of them ever settled in Lyme, and they instead sold or assigned their grants to others. However, those settlers who did arrive in 1764 were mostly from those states. The town encompasses land that, prior to the Lyme's founding, was called Tinkertown. In the late 1770s, Lyme petitioned (ultimately unsuccessfully) to join Vermont.

The scenic town common is surrounded with houses and public buildings dating from the late 1700s to the early 1900s. Stagecoaches traveling the old "Boston Turnpike" from Montreal in the 1830s passed through Lyme, stopping at the Lyme Inn, built in 1809 and recently renovated. Next door to the inn is the 200-year-old Congregational church. Its original 1815 steeple bell was cast by Paul Revere. It was later replaced with a bell cast by Henry N. Cooper & Co., Boston. A hand-wound clock mechanism from E. Howard & Co. strikes the hour. Behind the church is a row of horse sheds dating from 1810. The row of 27 sheds standing today is the longest line of contiguous horse sheds in New England, and possibly in the United States. Originally each shed had the name of the owner on a sign above the door. The signs are still there, though not necessarily over the original shed.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 142.5 sqkm, of which 139.4 sqkm are land and 3.1 sqkm are water, comprising 2.19% of the town. Lyme is drained by Hewes, Grant, and Clay brooks, all flowing to the Connecticut River, which forms the western boundary of the town and the state border with Vermont.

The Lyme Common occupies the center of the village of Lyme, located about 1.5 mi east of the Connecticut River.

Lyme is a rural town. Most human development is in the western half of the town along the Connecticut River and New Hampshire Route 10, known as the Dartmouth College Highway. The eastern half of the town is mostly forest. The town is home to four great ponds: Post Pond, Pout Pond, Trout Pond, and Reservoir Pond. Holts Ledge is a cliff that faces east and is part of the Dartmouth Skiway. The edge of the cliff is fenced to protect falcons. The highest point in town is the summit of Smarts Mountain, at 3238 ft above sea level. A fire tower, which was built in 1915, is visible from miles away atop Smarts Mountain and sets it apart from other local mountains. The Appalachian Trail crosses the summits of Holts Ledge and Smarts Mountain.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,716 people, 705 households, and 503 families residing in the town. The population density was 31.4 PD/sqmi. There were 810 housing units at an average density of 14.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.3% some other race, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.

Of the 705 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were headed by married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of householders living alone, and 9.0% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 2.86.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 36.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

Looking at the occupations of employed people in the town over the age of 16, the largest group - 50.9% - is education and health care. The next largest group - 9.6% - is professional, scientific, and management. Construction and manufacturing make up 8.4%; agriculture and forestry make up 0.7%.

For the period 2010 through 2014 the estimated median annual income for a household in the town was $110,781, and the median income for a family was $130,795. Males working full-time, year-round had a median income of $101,875 versus $58,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $68,381. About 0.6% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Lyme has two K–8 schools, one public and one independent.

There are currently around 200 students attending the Lyme School, the public K–8 school. As of 2018 the Lyme School has full day kindergarten. The school typically ranks in the top 5–10% of New Hampshire schools. Once a pupil reaches ninth grade, students from Lyme attend one of several high schools: Thetford Academy in Thetford, Vermont (across the Connecticut River), Hanover High School in Hanover, New Hampshire (about 10 miles south of Lyme), Hartford High School in Hartford, Vermont, Lebanon High School in Lebanon, New Hampshire, or St. Johnsbury Academy in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Attendance is typically split between St. Johnsbury Academy, Thetford Academy and Hanover High, with the few remaining students going elsewhere.

Crossroads Academy, founded in 1991 as a K–8 school in Hanover, is now located on a wooded 140 acre campus at 95 Dartmouth College Highway in Lyme. It serves more than 140 students from a 50-mile radius in grades K–8 and employs 39 faculty and staff.

Sites of interest

 * Lyme Historians Museum
 * Appalachian Trail
 * Dartmouth Skiway

Notable people

 * Fred Hovey Allen (1845–1926), clergyman, author, pioneer in American art reproduction
 * Jonathan Child (1785–1860), first mayor of Rochester, New York
 * David Marston Clough (1846–1924), 13th governor of Minnesota
 * Amos P. Cutting (1839–1896), architect
 * Trina Schart Hyman (1939–2004), illustrator of children's books
 * Arthur Latham Perry (1830–1905), prominent American economist and advocate of free trade
 * Baxter E. Perry (1826–1906), second mayor of Medford, Massachusetts
 * Albert Cushing Read (1887–1967), commanded first trans-Atlantic seaplane flight (1919)
 * Mikaela Shiffrin (born 1995), alpine ski racer, US Olympic gold medalist

title: Lyme, New Hampshire


text:
Toccopola, Mississippi

Toccopola is a town in Pontotoc County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 246 at the 2010 census.

The town took its name from an old Indian village which once stood in the area; its name in turn is derived from the Chickasaw language purported to mean "dismal prairie".

Geography
Toccopola is located at 34.25583°N, -89.23444°W (34.255775, -89.234471).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.5 sqmi, all land. Mississippi Highway 334 passes directly through Toccopola, connecting it with Oxford to the west, and Pontotoc to the east.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 189 people, 71 households, and 56 families residing in the town. The population density was 127.3 PD/sqmi. There were 84 housing units at an average density of 56.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.41% White, 0.53% African American, and 1.06% from two or more races.

There were 71 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $20,625, and the median income for a family was $24,375. Males had a median income of $21,667 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,566. About 28.3% of families and 26.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 28.6% of those 65 or over.

Education
The town of Toccopola is served by the Pontotoc County School District.

The University of Mississippi is located under 25 miles from Toccopola.

Notable people

 * Harmonica Frank - Blues singer, guitarist, and harmonicist born in Toccopola.
 * Elizabeth Love Allen - Advanced the 1839 Married Women's Property Act in Mississippi. Died in Toccapola.

title: Toccopola, Mississippi


text:
Monroe, New Hampshire

Monroe is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 864 at the 2020 census, up from 788 at the 2010 census. The town is located along the Connecticut River, across from Barnet, Vermont. It was originally chartered as part of Lyman.

History
In 1762, colonial Governor John Wentworth issued a grant ("Number 11") to 64 persons obligated to clear, farm and settle one tenth of each of their parcels or forfeit the grant. Only two made the attempt, but the charter was extended, in 1769, for another five years. Eleven of the original 64 grantees were named Lyman. In that same year, Wentworth also granted to one Colonel John Hurd of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, part of the land which is today within the bounds of Monroe. The grant was named "Hurd's Location" and included five small islands in the Connecticut River, known as "Deer Islands", and a parcel of land from below the present Village Bridge to the foot of Fifteen Mile Falls.

In addition to Hurd's Location and the governor's 500 acre, there were 23 lots of the 64 portions of Lyman located in "West Lyman", or the "Lyman Plain", now Monroe, making up less than 7500 acre of the present area. portion of Bath, to the south, was annexed in 1897.

The first known settlers on the "West Lyman" portion of Lyman were John Hyndman (also, "John Hinman"), with his wife and son, who settled on the largest of the Deer Islands (below the present-day Barnet Bridge) in 1784 and built a log cabin. When Colonel Hurd learned of Hyndman's structure, he sued to have him evicted. A Barnet benefactor settled the controversy by purchasing the title from Hurd.

The first permanent settlers also came in the 1780s. They were the Olmstead families: Joseph, Timothy, and Israel, their wives and children. The first native son, Ethan Smith, was born in a cabin on the Canaan Road (over the Gardner Mountain to Lyman) in 1784.

Because of the difficulty traversing the steep "Gardner's Mountain" running north to south through the original Lyman grant of 1761, the settlers of the western portion had different priorities and needs than the rest of Lyman to the east. Monroe was incorporated as a separate town in 1854. After appropriate consideration, it was named after President James Monroe. In 1860, Monroe had 619 residents. By 1880, the population had decreased to 504.

"Captain" Phillip Paddleford, a Revolutionary War soldier, settled in 1790, and built Monroe's first sawmill and gristmill on what is now called Smith Brook. Peter Paddleford (1785–1859) was the inventor of the wooden Paddleford Truss for covered bridges. Many of his original bridges still stand. He was the builder of the "third Lyman Bridge" from Monroe to McIndoes, Vermont, in 1833, after the 1826 floods had taken out all bridges on the Connecticut River. It was a covered bridge of pine, over 300 ft long, and stood for over 96 years, making it one of the oldest on the river.

Geology
Parts of the Ammonoosuc Gold Fields, which have never been successfully mined, are in Monroe. "Within the limits of the town are the narrows, at which place the Connecticut River is only five rods in width, being confined by walls of slate." Several copper mines were excavated along the "Back Road" (now named Coppermine Road), and many parcels continue to have separate mining rights.

Test borings and surface samples during the 1928–1930 construction of Frank D. Comerford Dam, in the Connecticut River, provided new geologic information regarding de-glaciation of the White Mountains, and became the namesake of the "Comerford Suite". The dam, located on what was once called "Fifteen Mile Falls", is now used for flood control, irrigation and generation of electrical power for transmission to New England states. At the time of its construction, it was the largest "retaining wall" in the United States, representing more than 90000 cuyd of concrete.

Prior to the establishment of a series of dams, the river dropped 367 ft in 15 mi, from Dalton to Bath.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 61.7 sqkm, of which 57.8 sqkm are land and 3.9 sqkm are water, comprising 6.26% of the town. The town is bounded by the Connecticut River (which is also the state boundary with Vermont) to its west and the long ridge of Gardner Mountain to the east. Signal Mountain, a knob on Gardner Mountain, is the highest point in Monroe, measuring 2299 ft above sea level. It has long been a major surveying reference point for maps and plats of the area between Mount Mansfield and Mount Washington.

NH 135 runs through the town, substantially parallel to the river, linking Monroe to Littleton to the north and Bath to the south. A northwestern segment of Bath was annexed to Monroe in 1895, stimulated by its shared geography with Monroe.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 759 people, 310 households, and 231 families residing in the town. The population density was 33.9 PD/sqmi. There were 333 housing units at an average density of 14.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.63% White, 0.00% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 2.24% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 310 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.

Median resident age: 43.9 years. Median house value: $98,700. 22% of Monroe residents age 25 and older have a bachelor's or advanced college degree.

The median income for a household in the town was $42,411, and the median income for a family was $46,346. Males had a median income of $35,125 versus $26,458 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,730. 1.6% of the population and 0.9% of families were below the poverty line. 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 2.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Notable person

 * Jean Harris (1923–2012), defendant in a high-profile murder case of her ex-lover Dr. Herman Tarnower; lived in Monroe

title: Monroe, New Hampshire


text:
Orange, New Hampshire

Orange is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 277 at the 2020 census, down from 331 at the 2010 census.

History
Orange was granted in 1769 and incorporated in 1790. It was originally named "Cardigan", after George Brudenell, fourth Earl of Cardigan. The Cardigan name lives on with Mount Cardigan and Cardigan Mountain State Park. After the American Revolution, voters attempted to rename the town "Bradford", "Middletown", "Liscomb", and finally "Orange". The large quantities of yellow-orange ochre found in Mount Cardigan may have been the source of the name Orange.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 59.9 sqkm, of which 59.7 sqkm are land and 0.2 sqkm are water, comprising 0.25% of the town. The highest point in Orange is the summit of Mount Cardigan, at 3155 ft above sea level, near the eastern edge of the town.

The western side of the town (and the mountain) drains via Orange Brook to the Indian River in the neighboring town of Canaan, in turn a tributary of the Mascoma River. This portion of town is part of the Connecticut River watershed. The remainder of the town is part of the Merrimack River watershed. In the northern part of town, the South Branch of the Baker River has its source, flowing north toward Groton and Dorchester. The northeastern corner of the town drains north via Atwell Brook to the Cockermouth River in Groton, a tributary of Newfound Lake. The eastern edge of town drains off Mount Cardigan via several brooks leading to the Fowler River in Alexandria, another tributary of Newfound Lake. The southeastern part of town drains to Mill Brook, a southward-flowing tributary of the Smith River. The Baker River, Newfound Lake, and the Smith River are all tributaries of the Pemigewasset River, which flows south to form the Merrimack River in Franklin.

U.S. Route 4 passes through the town's southwestern corner.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 299 people, 111 households, and 85 families living in the town. The population density was 12.9 people per square mile (5.0/km$2$). There were 134 housing units at an average density of 5.8 per square mile (2.2/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 99.67% White and 0.33% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.33% of the population.

There were 111 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 15.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 35.5% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,250, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $34,750 versus $25,938 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,456. About 6.3% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 3.2% of those 65 or over.

As of May 31, 2016, there were 225 registered voters on the checklist, including 55 Republican, 53 Democrat and 117 undeclared.

title: Orange, New Hampshire


text:
Polkville, Mississippi

Polkville is a town in Smith County, Mississippi. The population is at 833 as of the 2010 census.

Geography
Polkville is located at 32.19639°N, -89.695°W (32.196288, -89.695080).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.3 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 132 people, 51 households, and 39 families residing in the Town. The population density was 57.0 PD/sqmi. There were 62 housing units at an average density of 26.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 90.91% White and 9.09% African American. Polkville annexed nearly 14 sqmi of land later, bringing its population to 833 people. This also made it the largest municipal town in Smith County.

There were 51 households, of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.5% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the village the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $39,375, and the median income for a family was $48,750. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,056. There were 2.8% of families and 6.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 10.3% of those over 64.

The Census 2010 records the population of Polkville as 833. Polkville officially changed its name to the Town of Polkville in 2007.

Education
The Town of Polkville is served by the Smith County School District.

title: Polkville, Mississippi


text:
Sylvarena, Mississippi

Sylvarena is a village in Smith County, Mississippi. The population was 120 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Sylvarena is located at 32.01056°N, -89.38222°W (32.010575, -89.382148).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.6 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 120 people, 50 households, and 41 families residing in the village. The population density was 46.3 PD/sqmi. There were 53 housing units at an average density of 20.4 per square mile (7.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the village was 93.33% White, 1.67% African American, 3.33% Native American, and 1.67% from two or more races.

There were 50 households, out of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.0% were non-families. 14.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.63.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $25,750. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $20,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $29,869. There were 10.8% of families and 21.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 42.9% of under eighteens and 8.3% of those over 64.

Education
The Village of Sylvarena is served by the Smith County School District.

title: Sylvarena, Mississippi


text:
Taylorsville, Mississippi

Taylorsville is a town located in southeastern Smith County, Mississippi, United States. With a population of 1,148 in the 2020 census, the town is the most populous city in Smith County.

History
Taylorsville was established on the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad in 1900. The site was selected by an employee of the railroad, and soon after a post office was built. The post office was originally located about five miles away in Old Taylorsville (now a community located off of Mississippi Highway 531), but was later moved to New Taylorsville. It was the moving of the post office to New Taylorsville that established the present location of the town.

Soon after, the Old Stringer Hotel was built. Many years later, in 1946, it was burned down in an arson fire. The town of Taylorsville was founded as a result of the extensive pine forests that grow in Smith County and the surrounding areas. The vast majority of the area was cut by Eastman-Gardiner. As lumber was a very plentiful resource, new businesses and homes both were rapidly built.

There are a variety of industries present in Taylorsville, including lumber, manufacturing, signage, agriculture, and finance. Taylorsville is the headquarters of Southern Pine Electric, an electric co-op chartered in March 1938 to serve 481 homes and farms. Today, Southern Pine Electric is one of the largest electric cooperatives in the United States with nearly 10,000 miles of energized line serving more than 65,000 meters. The 11-county service area encompasses 14.3% of the total land mass of Mississippi.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.7 sqmi, all land. The city is located just west of the Leaf River, which passes under Mississippi Highway 28 about 1 mile outside of the Taylorsville city limits. The Leaf River is a main tributary of the Pascagoula River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,148 people, 654 households, and 460 families residing in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,353 people, 534 households, and 375 families residing in the town. The population density was 364.3 PD/sqmi. There were 598 housing units at an average density of 162.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 81.58% White, 17.75% African American, 0.37% from other races, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.37% of the population.

There were 534 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,563, and the median income for a family was $38,958. Males had a median income of $30,776 versus $20,096 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,202. About 12.5% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.1% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

BBQ festival
The Grillin' N Chillin' Barbecue Festival is a two-day event that is held each year in Taylorsville on the first weekend in November. The festival starts on Friday night with the barbecue teams firing up the grills to compete for various prizes.

On Saturday morning, the town closes a one-mile stretch of Mississippi Highway 28 for the car and bike show, which features prizes and a burnout competition. The festival has been a great success for the town, bringing in much-needed tourism dollars and attracting barbecue cooks from all over Mississippi and the southeastern United States.

Education
Taylorsville Attendance Center is a public school governed by the Smith County School District. Taylorsville also has The First Baptist Church of Taylorsville Christian School, a K4–6th grade private school operated by the church.

Media
Taylorsville is served by two newspapers: The Smith County Reformer and The Post. Both provide news on a local level, while television and high-speed internet provides wider-scale news. Radio station WBBN-FM 95.9 (B95), is licensed to Taylorsville with its studios in Laurel.

Transportation
The city has no public transit system other than the bus routes to Taylorsville High School, but is served by several Mississippi state highways and one county highway.

State highways
 * Mississippi Highway 28
 * Mississippi Highway 37
 * Mississippi Highway 531

Taylorsville is located approximately 10 miles from U.S. Highway 84. The town is connected to a railroad system which connects to the West Taylorsville Industrial Park and runs west to Magee.

Notable people

 * Jason Campbell, football player
 * Eric Clark, Mississippi Secretary of State
 * Tim Duckworth, football player
 * Blaine Eaton II, politician
 * Billy Hamilton, baseball player
 * Marcus Keyes, football player
 * Danny Myrick, singer/songwriter
 * Eugene Sims, football player
 * Prentiss Walker, former Congressman

title: Taylorsville, Mississippi


text:
Orford, New Hampshire

Orford is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,237 at the 2020 census, unchanged from the 2010 census. The Appalachian Trail crosses in the east.

History
First called "Number Seven" in a line of Connecticut River fort towns, Orford was incorporated in 1761 by Governor Benning Wentworth and named for Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, who was the first prime minister of Great Britain. The town was settled in 1765 by Daniel Cross and wife from Lebanon, Connecticut. By 1859, it had 1,406 inhabitants, most involved in agriculture. There was a large tannery, a chair factory, ten sawmills, a starch factory, a gristmill, a sash, blind and door factory, and two boot and shoe factories.

An original grantee was General Israel Morey, whose son Samuel Morey discovered a way to separate hydrogen from oxygen in water, making possible the first marine steam engine. He recognized the potential of steam power after working at his father's ferry. In 1793, on the river at Orford, he was first to demonstrate the use of a paddlewheel to propel a steam boat.

Author Washington Irving visited Orford in 1832 and is quoted as saying, "In all my travels in this country and in Europe, I have seen no village more beautiful than this. It is a charming place—nature has done her utmost here." Of the famous sequence of seven early homes built on The Ridge, Dartmouth Professor of Architecture Hugh Morrison said, "As a row and counting the setting, this is the finest group of Federal-style houses in the United States." Built between 1773 and 1839, the dwellings show the influence of architect Asher Benjamin.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 124.1 km2, of which 120.4 sqkm are land and 3.6 sqkm are water, comprising 2.93% of the town. The Connecticut River, which serves as the boundary between New Hampshire and Vermont, forms the western edge of the town. Most of Orford is drained by Jacobs Brook and other small tributaries of the Connecticut. The northeastern corner of the town, around Upper and Lower Baker Ponds, drains via the Baker River and Pemigewasset River into the Merrimack River.

The town has two population centers. The main village of Orford, with the town's schools and post office, is located on New Hampshire Route 10 along the banks of the Connecticut River. The town hall, however, is located in the smaller village of Orfordville, on New Hampshire Route 25A several miles east of the river.

The highest point in Orford is the summit of Mount Cube, at 2909 ft above sea level, in the eastern part of town. The northern slopes of Smarts Mountain, whose 3240 ft summit lies in the neighboring town of Lyme, occupy the southeastern corner of town.

Camps Merriwood and Moosilauke are situated on Upper Baker Pond in Orford.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,091 people, 470 households, and 308 families residing in the town. The population density was 23.4 people per square mile (9.0/km$2$). There were 561 housing units at an average density of 12.0 per square mile (4.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 96.98% White, 0.09% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 1.10% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.

There were 470 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,250, and the median income for a family was $50,577. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $25,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,196. About 3.1% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.

Crime
In the winter of 2011, Orford experienced a rash of street sign theft, at one point leaving the town with only six signs remaining. With an addition of a new police officer, 66 of the signs were recovered and two of the thieves admitted to stealing the signs.

Education
It is in the Rivendell Interstate School District.

Notable people

 * Deborah Arnie Arnesen (born 1953), NH gubernatorial candidate, commentator
 * Daniel Doan (1914–1993), hiking enthusiast, writer
 * Milton Friedman (1912–2006), Nobel Prize-winning economist; The Economist described Friedman as "the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century ... possibly of all of it"
 * Charles R. Jackson (1903–1968), writer
 * Ben Lovejoy (born 1984), defenseman with the Pittsburgh Penguins
 * Gilman Marston (1811–1890), US senator, congressman, and US Army general
 * Samuel Morey (1762–1843), inventor
 * Jameson Parker (born 1947), actor
 * Fanny Huntington Runnells Poole (1863–1940), writer, book reviewer
 * Meldrim Thomson, Jr. (1912–2001), 73rd governor of New Hampshire
 * Jeduthun Wilcox (1768–1838), US congressman
 * Leonard Wilcox (1799–1850), US senator

title: Orford, New Hampshire


text:
Indianola, Mississippi

Indianola is a city in and the county seat of Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States, in the Mississippi Delta. The population was 10,683 at the 2010 census.

History
In 1891, Minnie M. Cox was appointed postmaster of Indianola, becoming the first black female postmaster in the United States. Her rank was raised from fourth class to third class in 1900, and she was appointed to a full four-year term. Cox's position was one of the most respected and lucrative public posts in Indianola, as it served approximately 3,000 patrons and paid $1,100 annually, then a large sum. White resentment to Cox's prestigious position began to grow, and in 1902 some white residents in Indianola drew up a petition requesting Cox's resignation. James K. Vardaman, editor of The Greenwood Commonwealth and a white supremacist, began delivering speeches reproaching the people of Indianola for "tolerating a negro wench as a postmaster."

Racial tensions grew, and threats of physical harm led Cox to submit her resignation to take effect on January 1, 1903. The incident attracted national attention, and President Theodore Roosevelt refused to accept her resignation, feeling Cox had been wronged, and the authority of the federal government was being compromised. "Roosevelt stood resolute. Unless Cox's detractors could prove a reason for her dismissal other than the color of her skin, she would remain the Indianola postmistress."

Roosevelt closed Indianola's post office on January 2, 1903, and rerouted mail to Greenville; Cox continued to receive her salary. The same month, the United States Senate debated the Indianola postal event for four hours, and Cox left Indianola for her own safety and did not return. In February 1904, the post office was reopened but was demoted in rank from third class to fourth class.

In July 1954, two months after the Supreme Court of the United States announced its unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education, ruling that school segregation was unconstitutional, the local plantation manager Robert B. Patterson met with a group of like-minded people in a private home in Indianola to form the White Citizens' Council.

In May 2023, the police's shooting of Aderrien Murry, an 11-year-old, occurred in the city.

Geography
Indianola is 30 mi west of Greenwood.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 9,646 people, 3,483 households, and 2,209 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,066 people, 3,899 households, and 2,982 families living in the city. The population density was 1,400.3 PD/sqmi. There were 4,118 housing units at an average density of 477.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 25.73% White, 73.38% African American, 0.01% Native American, 0.46% Asian American, 0.16% from other races, and 0.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.

1990 census
As of the census of 1990, there were 11,809 people. The racial makeup of the city was 65.69% (7,757) Black or African American, 33.39% (3,943) White, 0.14% (17) Native American, 0.19% (23) Asian American, and 0.03% (4) from other races. 0.55% (65) were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Economy
Because Indianola is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 49W and U.S. Route 82, as of 2004 it is one of the last economically viable small towns in the Mississippi Delta. In the 1980s and 1990s, the city government convinced a major retailer to build a distribution center near the intersection of the two highways. This development infused cash into the local economy and allowed semiskilled jobs to be established.

In August 2011, Delta Pride, a catfish processing company, closed its plant in Indianola.

Culture
J. Todd Moye, author of Let the People Decide: Black Freedom and White Resistance Movements in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1945–1986, said that "Life in Indianola still moves at a pace established by its distinguishing characteristic, the picturesque and languid Indian Bayou that winds through downtown."

Blues
Indianola is the birthplace of the blues musician Albert King. The blues harp player, Little Arthur Duncan, was born in Indianola in 1934.

B.B. King grew up in Indianola as a child. He came to the blues festival named after him every year. King referenced the city with the title of his 1970 album Indianola Mississippi Seeds. The B.B. King Museum and Delta Interpretive Center, a $14 million facility dedicated to King and the blues, opened in September 2008.

Education
The Sunflower County Consolidated School District, headquartered in Indianola, operates public schools serving the city. Residents are zoned to Lockard Elementary School (K-2), Carver Elementary School (3-6), Robert L. Merritt Junior High School (7-9), and Gentry High School (10-12). The district operates two other 10-12 schools in the city, Indianola Career and Technical Center and Indianola Academic Achievement Academy.

Indianola Academy, a private school and former segregation academy, is in Indianola. As of 2012 most white teenagers in Indianola attend Indianola Academy instead of the public high schools. Sarah Carr of The Atlantic explained that there are two explanations of why the private academies in Indianola and other towns still exist. One says that the public schools suffered from poor leadership and wrongdoing and that the private academies thrive because of the failings of the public schools, and the other says that the white leadership starved the public schools of resources after the academies were enacted, leading to the failings of the public schools.

The Sunflower County Library operates the Henry M. Seymour Library in Indianola, which houses its administrative headquarters.

History of education
Prior to the school district merger, the Sunflower County School District had its headquarters in the Sunflower County Courthouse in Indianola. The district's educational services building is along U.S. Route 49 West in Indianola.

As of 1996, 90 per cent of students in the Indianola School District were black. Most of the white students who attend Indianola public schools transfer to private schools by junior high school.

Government and infrastructure
The Mississippi Department of Corrections operates a probation and parole office in the Courthouse Annex in Indianola.

The United States Postal Service operates the Indianola Post Office. A mural, entitled White Gold in the Delta by WPA Section of Painting and Sculpture artist Beulah Bettersworth, was installed in the post office in 1939. It depicted cotton harvesting scenes. Murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the United States through the Section of Painting and Sculpture, later called the Section of Fine Arts, of the U.S. Treasury Department. The original artist Walter Anderson was unable to complete the mural, and Bettersworth was selected. The mural was eventually destroyed. In 2008, the building was named the Minnie Cox Post Office Building by an act of Congress.

Notable people

 * Mr. Bo, an American electric blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.
 * Little Arthur Duncan, an American Chicago blues and electric blues harmonica player, singer, and songwriter.
 * Vera Chandler Foster, an American social worker.
 * Albert King, an American guitarist and singer who is often regarded as one of the greatest and most influential blues guitarists of all time.
 * B.B. King, an American blues singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer.
 * George Jackson, an American blues, rhythm & blues, rock and soul songwriter and singer.
 * Edward A. Jones, an African-American author best known for writing a book on the history of Morehouse College.
 * Micheal Spurlock,an American football wide receiver and kickoff return specialist.
 * Mary Alice, was an American television, film, and stage actress.

Transportation
Indianola Municipal Airport is located in unincorporated Sunflower County, near Indianola. and operated by the city.

Media
The Enterprise-Tocsin has its offices in Indianola.

In the media

 * Art students at Gentry High School in Indianola earned a listing in Guinness World Records on June 7, 2003, by creating the world's largest comic strip in their school parking lot. The giant Lucky Cow comic strip was big enough to cover 35 school buses, measuring 135 ft. wide and 47.8 ft. high.
 * The book Two years in the Mississippi Delta recounts Michael Copperman's stint with the Teach for America program in Indianola, renamed "Promise" in the book.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Indianola has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

title: Indianola, Mississippi


text:
Ruleville, Mississippi

Ruleville is a city in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States, in the Mississippi Delta region. The population was 3,007 at the 2010 census. It is the second-largest community in the rural county.

History
Ruleville was described as "surrounded by a fine fertile country and timber lands". Development of the settlement followed construction of the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad, which established a stop here. The village was laid out in 1898 by J. W. Rule, for whom it was named. In September 1899 the official petition to Governor Anselm J. McLaurin to incorporate contained 98 names of the 'citizens and electors of Sunflower County...[who] reside in the village' noting that 150 people currently lived inside the village.

The rural area was being developed for cotton plantations after the American Civil War. Ruleville was established as an important cotton shipping point on the railroad. By the early 1900s, Ruleville had telephone and telegraph facilities, about 20 businesses, two white churches and one black church, a water works system, an electric light plant, three public gins, and excellent public schools for the white population. The population in 1900 was 336. The Bank of Ruleville was established in 1903.

During the Civil Rights Movement that expanded beginning in the 1950s, Fannie Lou Hamer, a farm worker, started a movement for poor people.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.5 sqmi, of which 2.5 sqmi is land and 0.39% is water.

Ruleville is along U.S. Route 49W. Ruleville is about 15 mi from the Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman).

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,642 people, 986 households, and 521 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 3,007 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 85.3% black, 12.8% white, 0.1% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race and 0.5% from two or more races. 0.7% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,234 people, 1,020 households, and 774 families living in the city. The population density was 1,278.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,096 housing units at an average density of 433.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 80.77% black, 18.65% white, 0.43% Asian, 0.06% Native American, 0.03% from other races, and 0.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 1,020 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.5% were married couples living together, 34.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.55.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,351, and the median income for a family was $23,036. Males had a median income of $25,104 versus $21,063 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,664. About 29.5% of families and 36.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.7% of those under age 18 and 27.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The City of Ruleville is served by the Sunflower County Consolidated School District. Schools serving Ruleville and in Ruleville include Ruleville Central Elementary School, Ruleville Middle School, and Thomas E. Edwards, Sr. High School (formerly Ruleville Central High School).

North Sunflower Academy is in an unincorporated area of Sunflower County, about 2 mi north of Ruleville. The school originated as a segregation academy, founded to evade orders to integrate the public schools.

Delta State University is located ten miles away in Cleveland.

During the Civil Rights Movement, 1964 was Freedom Summer, organizing for voter registration and education, and adding to the curriculum in the local segregated schools for blacks. The "Ruleville Freedom School" was established to try to provide an alternative to the second-class education that had been provided to black students. It tried to prepare students to be part of change and a democratic society, to prepare for the civil freedom that the movement supported and would press the political system to provide.

The Sunflower County Library operates the Horace Stansel Memorial Library in Ruleville.

Transportation
Ruleville-Drew Airport is in unincorporated Sunflower County, between Ruleville and Drew. The airport is jointly operated by the cities of Ruleville and Drew.

Hotel

 * Ruleville Inn Motel

Healthcare
The North Sunflower Medical Center is a rural critical access hospital located in Ruleville, with 95 beds and approximately 500 employees. The medical center includes a surgical center, sleep center and outpatient rehabilitation unit. The center partners with other facilities to provide specialty care, including the University of Mississippi Medical Center's Diabetes Telehealth Network and Mississippi Sports Medicine Center.

Notable people

 * Lester Brinkley, American football player
 * Robert Crook, Mississippi politician and lawyer
 * Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights leader
 * Jimmy Rogers, Blues singer and musician
 * Horace Stansel, civil engineer

title: Ruleville, Mississippi


text:
Coldwater, Mississippi

Coldwater is a town in Tate County, Mississippi, United States, and is part of the Memphis Metropolitan Area. The population was 1,677 at the 2010 census.

History
The town square of Coldwater is approximately two miles south of the Coldwater River, hence the name. The original town began in 1856, called the village of Elm Grove. Construction of the Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad through here in 1858 stimulated development. Rows of stores and other businesses developed on both sides of the tracks, along with houses of worship. Coldwater was officially incorporated in 1872. At that time, the Town was located in DeSoto County and was a mile square, with the railroad depot at the center. The area was developed for cotton plantations and Coldwater became a trading center.

In 1873 during Reconstruction, the legislature organized Tate County from portions of DeSoto, Marshall and Tunica counties. Coldwater fell into the new county. The Town began to grow with an influx of settlers from Virginia, the Carolinas, Alabama, and other areas seeking a better life for themselves and their families. There were 397 residents of Coldwater according to the 1890 census. By 1884, there were 96 small schools in Tate County: 54 white and 42 black. They were mostly one teacher, one-room log houses with split logs for seats.

Coldwater steadily grew in numbers. However, periodic river flooding plagued the town, although it was also the basis of the farmland's fertility. The Army Corps of Engineers built the Arkabutla Lake and Dam project along the Coldwater River in the early 1940s. Town residents believed they needed to move and the Town was relocated and reconstructed on land about a mile and a half south of its original location.

The site of the old town of Coldwater is 229 ft MSL. Parts of it are underwater year round.

Radio station WREC was founded in Coldwater by Hoyt B. Wooten. It broadcast news talk information. The station is now called WREG-TV and broadcasts news on a major news network.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.4 sqmi, of which 2.4 square miles (6.1 km2) is land and 0.42% water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,381 people, 711 households, and 541 families residing in the town.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,674 people, 598 households, and 429 families residing in the town. The population density was 705.5 PD/sqmi. There were 642 housing units at an average density of 270.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 69.71% African American, 29.45% White, 0.06% Native American, 0.12% Asian, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.42% of the population.

There were 598 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 28.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.35.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.5% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,058, and the median income for a family was $31,364. Males had a median income of $28,472 versus $19,444 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,330. About 21.1% of families and 23.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.9% of those under age 18 and 26.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The Town of Coldwater is served by the Tate County School District. It has two schools, Coldwater Elementary and Coldwater High School. Coldwater High School has gone to the state championship in track and basketball numerous times. The girls' basketball team won state championships in 1996, 2007, and 2008 while also making it to the final two since 2003. The boys' basketball team won in 2009 and 2012 and has also made appearances since 2003. The school mascot is known as the Mighty Coldwater Cougar, and the school colors are blue, gold, and white.

Notable people

 * Felicia C. Adams, U.S. Attorney for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi
 * Dorris Bowdon, actress best known for her role as Rosasharn in the film adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath
 * Don Castle, baseball player
 * Bill Coday, blues singer
 * Trell Kimmons, Olympic track and field runner
 * Cameron Lawrence, NFL linebacker for the Dallas Cowboys
 * Dumas Malone, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian and noted Jefferson scholar
 * Big Time Sarah, blues singer
 * T. Webber Wilson, three-term U.S. Representative from Mississippi from 1923-1929
 * Mitch Young, gridiron football player
 * Kamala (1950-2020), The Ugandan Giant, WWE wrestler
 * Austin Riley, Atlanta Braves third baseman

title: Coldwater, Mississippi


text:
Piermont, New Hampshire

Piermont is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 769 at the 2020 census. It is home to Camp Walt Whitman and Kingswood Camp for Boys.

History
Incorporated by Governor Benning Wentworth in 1764 and settled in 1768, the town takes its name from Italy's Piedmont. It had 426 residents in 1790, the year of the first census.

Aaron Lane, who grew up in Piermont, was the first permanent settler in the Mojave Desert area now known as Victorville, California. A biography of Lane sheds light on life in Piermont during the mid-19th century.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 103.2 sqkm, of which 99.6 sqkm are land and 3.6 sqkm are water, comprising 3.49% of the town. It is drained by Indian Pond Brook, Eastman Brook and Bean Brook, tributaries of the Connecticut River, which forms the western boundary. The southeastern corner of the town drains south to Upper Baker Pond in Orford, part of the Merrimack River watershed. Piermont's highest point is the summit of Piermont Mountain, at 2717 ft above sea level. The town is home to Lake Tarleton, which takes its name from its erstwhile owner, Colonel William Tarleton, who was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1791. Lake Armington feeds Lake Tarleton from the south.

Piermont is bordered by the New Hampshire towns of Haverhill to the north, Warren to the east, Wentworth to the southeast, and Orford to the south. Bradford, Vermont, is across the Connecticut River to the west. Piermont is 27 mi north of Lebanon and 33 mi southwest of Littleton.

Road
Piermont is crossed by New Hampshire state routes NH-10, NH-25 and NH-25C. Interstate 91 is accessible via neighboring Bradford, Vermont.

Air
Dean Memorial Airport in neighboring Haverhill is the closest airport. The closest commercial airport is Lebanon Municipal Airport in Lebanon. The closest international airport is Burlington International Airport in South Burlington, Vermont.

Rail
The closest Amtrak station is 30 mi to the south in White River Junction, Vermont, providing service via the Vermonter line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 790 people, 334 households, and 228 families residing in the town. The population density was 19.8 people per square mile (7.6/km$2$). There were 474 housing units at an average density of 11.9 per square mile (4.6/km$2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 0.1% African American, 0.9% Asian, 0.4% Native American and Alaskan Native, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 334 households in Piermont, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37, and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.0% under the age of 18, 5.1% between the ages of 18 and 24, 22.8% between 25 and 44, 36.3% between 45 and 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.8 years. The town was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

For the period 2010–2014, the estimated median income for a household in the town was $72,841, and the median income for a family was $91,875. Male full-time workers had a median income of $49,688 versus $41,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $38,089. About 3.4% of families and 6.8% of the total population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

K–12
Piermont operates grades K–8 through the Piermont Village School. Piermont has no high schools in the town, and grades 9–12 are tuitioned to a number of area high schools. Students may also attend the technical schools Hartford Career & Technology Center in White River Junction, Vermont, and River Bend Career and Technical Center in Bradford, Vermont. Students may also choose to attend St. Johnsbury Academy in St. Johnsbury, VT.

Higher education
The closest four-year public institution is Plymouth State University in Plymouth, New Hampshire. The closest four-year private institution is Dartmouth College in Hanover. The closest two-year community colleges are River Valley Community College in Claremont and Lakes Region Community College in Laconia.

Sites of interest

 * Lake Tarleton State Park
 * Camp Walt Whitman
 * Kingswood Camp for Boys

Notable people

 * Ira Hobart Evans (1844–1922), businessman, philanthropist, military officer; recipient of the Medal of Honor
 * John Elkins (1815–1898), businessman, Wisconsin State Representative

title: Piermont, New Hampshire