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Peabody, Kansas

Peabody is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 937. The city was named after F.H. Peabody of Boston, former vice-president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Peabody is well known in the region for its Independence Day Celebration on July 4, and its historic 1880s downtown main street. It is located between Newton and Florence along U.S. Route 50 highway.

Early history
For millennia the Great Plains of North America were inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th to 18th centuries, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, by the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized under the provisions of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1855, Marion County was established, which included the land for modern day Peabody.

In 1864, the first settler in the Peabody area was W.C. Coble, from North Carolina, who set up ranch headquarters about 2+ miles east of the current city of Peabody (now section 36 of Catlin Township). The first settlement made in the area was in September 1870, by a colony of settlers from Wisconsin. In October, more settlers arrived. During the first month, the colony officers laid out a town on the north-half of section 4 township 22 and surveyed it into lots. The town was named Coneburg after the town company president John Cone. The town site was located between the current 9th Street and Division Avenue. During the winter of 1870, some of the settlers returned east to get supplies and bring out their families. In 1871, while the other settlers were gone, dissatisfaction arose in the community and it began to break up. Claim jumping of the Coneburg town site and nearby land started to occur, thus causing a legal mess.

In 1870, T.M. Potter homesteaded the south-half of the same section of land. In spring of 1871, he and five other men started the Peabody town company. Since the land title for the Peabody town site had no legal disputes, businesses immediately moved from Coneburg. In June 1871, the town of Peabody was platted, and it included the land where the railroad was built on June 9.

A post office was established in Coneburg on January 25, 1871 then moved to Peabody on October 30, 1871.

In April 1872 during legal disputes, Coneburg became North Peabody. A revised plat of Peabody was made in July 1875 and a supplemental plat of North Peabody was made in April 1878. Because of the disputes, the street that ran down the middle of the border between the two towns was called "Division Avenue." The two towns merged into the city of Peabody in 1879.

The town of Peabody was named in 1871 after F.H. Peabody, of Boston, formerly vice-president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway company. In May 1874, Mr. Peabody visited the new town, at which time he announced he would donate money for a library building, furniture, books, periodicals and landscaping if the Peabody township would secure four town lots for the site. The contract for construction was awarded in spring of 1875 and was opened to the public in June 1875, and the following February 1876 the state legislature authorized the township to levy a tax to support the library. The structure housed the library facilities until 1914 when a new Peabody Township Carnegie Library was constructed on the old location.

In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway extended a main line from Emporia through Peabody to Newton. In 1996 it merged with Burlington Northern Railroad and renamed to the current BNSF Railway. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Santa Fe". The first depot was built south of the tracks. Later a train wreck destroyed it and a second depot was built on the north side of the tracks. In 1873, three westbound trains (9:05am, 1:00pm, 8:30pm) and three eastbound trains (4:42am, 6:50pm, 8:30pm) stopped at the Peabody depot. Rail service was still very strong five decades later. In 1925, three westbound and four eastbound trains made stops at Peabody. The second depot was demolished in the 1970s after passenger transportation ended, then its land was converted into the Santa Fe Park, which is located at the south end of Walnut Street. Currently Amtrak's Southwest Chief passenger train currently passes through Peabody twice each day, but stops at nearby Newton.

During most of the 1870s, the railway depots in Peabody and Florence were the only access points for train passengers into Marion County and northern Butler County. Peabody was a destination for numerous foreign homesteaders, including the Mennonite settlers around Goessel and Gnadenau.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built the "Rock Island" branch line north–south from Herington through Peabody and Wichita to Caldwell. By 1893, this branch line was incrementally built to Fort Worth, Texas. It foreclosed in 1891 and was taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad. The company merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad finally merging in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island". Its depot in Peabody was demolished in the early 1960s.

In 1875, Peabody held its first agricultural "county fair" and continued to hold them annually for many years. In September 1885, the Kansas State Fair was held at Peabody during the first four days of the month. An outstanding feature of the state fair was "the First Monument to General Grant", who died shortly before the fair. The temporary monument was an obelisk about 40 ft tall, and built from forty bushels of ears of corn. The fair had a grandstand, which could hold 2000 people, to view horse races. The race track was used for a variety of events, including horse walking teams in harness, trotting, running, pacing, mule racing, and daily chariot races. A dining hall was built that was capable of feeding 10,000 people each day. In 1900, the Marion County Agricultural Society sold the fair grounds to the city, which renamed it the Peabody City Park, and its entrance is located at the corner of Locust and 2nd Streets.

Peabody was the home of famous race horses around the turn of the century. Three of the more famous horses were world champions. Joe Young (known as the "iron horse") sold for $10,000 by C.E. Westbrook, the first horse west of the Mississippi River to sell for such a high price. Joe Young sired Joe Patchen in 1889, who earned his owner $40,000 in race purses and then was sold for $44,000. Joe Patchen sired Dan Patch in 1896, a horse that sold in 1907 for $60,000. Other famous local racing horses included trotters McKinney, and Silver Sign. Silverthorne toured Austria where he competed for three years against the best race horses in Europe.

20th century
Peabody became an important supply point for one of the state's cattle feeding districts. By 1911, approximately 20,000 head of cattle were imported from other states and fed within 20 mi of Peabody at 50 farms. Because of the cattle industry, local farmers grew more corn, alfalfa, and other feed crops during the 1900s and 1910s.

Peabody and Watchorn areas experienced an oil boom from 1918 to 1920 in the oil fields of the Mid-Continent oil province. The influence of the petroleum industry remained strong in Peabody, and resulted in the greatest change upon the community in the shortest time. More than 100 residences were constructed in October and November 1919. From 1918 to 1919, the population increased by 75% or more, but later decreased as oil booms in other Kansas areas needed the workers. Currently Watchorn is a ghost town consisting of oil wells but no remaining historical structures.

The New Santa Fe Trail road was routed through Peabody in the late 1910s. The road entered the north-east side of the city on Old Mill Rd, and exited on the south-west side on 60th Street (known as the Old Trail). The trail became U.S. Route 50 in the late 1930s when the new highway was routed east to west on 9th Street. In 1998, the highway was moved about 1.5 blocks north so it could go over a new railroad overpass.

In 1943, German and Italian prisoners of World War II were brought to Kansas and other midwest states as a means of solving the labor shortage caused by American men serving in the war effort. Large prisoner-of-war camps camps were established in Kansas at Camp Concordia, Camp Funston (at Fort Riley), and Camp Phillips (at Salina under Fort Riley). Fort Riley established 12 smaller branch camps, including Peabody and El Dorado. Up to 150 prisoners were quartered at the Peabody branch camp. Farmers were to have first priority over other industries in requesting prisoner labor. County agents were responsible for processing the application of local residents seeking the use of the prisoners who were to be available only as group laborers. No fewer than four prisoners could be assigned to a farm, and a guard accompanied each group, but later it was common for no guards to accompany the prisoners. The prisoners were not allowed to operate any powered farm equipment. The farmer collected the workers at the camp and returned them at the end of each day. The Peabody branch camp #101 was located in the Eyestone building, now occupied by Heckendorn Equipment Company, and located at 122 West 2nd Street. The prisoner yard was located in the north-east corner of the property and still exists as a storage area. The camp was closed in December 1945, after Germany surrendered.

There have been numerous floods during the history of Peabody. In June and July 1951, due to heavy rains, rivers and streams flooded numerous cities in Kansas, including Peabody. Many reservoirs and levees were built in Kansas as part of a response to the Great Flood of 1951.

The community gradually increased in size as a commuter town to support aircraft industries in Wichita during World War II and Soviet Union Cold War years. Over time the aircraft industry worker requirement has shrank, thus has their influence on numerous commuter towns. Another gradual impact on the community has been the decrease in the size of farm families. Over time as farm equipment has increased in size, so has it decreased the number of family farms in the area, because fewer people are required to farm larger amounts of land. Fewer farms families has led to a gradual decrease in children at local schools. Peabody, like most rural towns, has seen a gradual loss of population due to rural flight to larger cities.

The community has long had great pride in celebrating and promoting its past. Three centennials, the Kansas centennial in 1961, the Peabody centennial in 1971, and the United States Bicentennial in 1976 caused surges of historic pride. It led to the creation of the Peabody Main Street Association (PMSA) in 1989 and the Peabody Community Foundation (PCF). The Peabody Main Street Association has won numerous awards since it was founded.

In 1998, the downtown area of Peabody was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and known as the Peabody Downtown Historic District. Peabody had four previous listings on the NRHP: Peabody Historical Library Museum (in 1973), Peabody Township Library (in 1987), J.S. Schroeder Building (in 1991), and W.H. Morgan House (in 1996).

21st century

In 2010, the Peabody Main Street Association received 5 state awards. In the same year, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed 4.5 mi east of Peabody, north to south through Marion County. There was quite a bit of controversy over road damage, tax exemption, and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs).

In 2012, the Peabody City Park was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the sixth in Peabody.

Geography
Peabody is located in the scenic Flint Hills and Great Plains of the state of Kansas.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.34 sqmi, all of it land except Doyle Creek and Spring Creek. It is approximately 15 mi north-east of Newton, 42 mi north of Wichita, 164 mi south-west of Kansas City. The north-east corner of Harvey County is 2.0 mi west of Peabody.

Climate
On average in Peabody, January is the coolest month with an average low of 19 °F (-7 °C), July is the warmest month with an average high of 92 °F (33 °C), and May is the wettest month with an average precipitation of 4.64 in. The hottest temperature recorded in Peabody was 115 °F (43 °C) in 1954; the coldest temperature recorded was -22 °F (-31 °C) in 1989.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 937 people, 397 households, and 236 families in Peabody. The population density was 740.1 per square mile (285.8/km$2$). There were 514 housing units at an average density of 406.0 per square mile (156.8/km$2$). The racial makeup was 89.65% (840) white or European American (86.55% non-Hispanic white), 1.49% (14) black or African-American, 0.53% (5) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.21% (2) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.71% (16) from other races, and 6.4% (60) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 5.55% (52) of the population.

Of the 397 households, 24.7% had children under the age of 18; 42.8% were married couples living together; 31.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 35.0% of households consisted of individuals and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.9% of the population.

20.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 19.2% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 24.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 108.6 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $43,924 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,762) and the median family income was $47,500 (+/- $2,725). Males had a median income of $23,611 (+/- $10,367) versus $25,227 (+/- $14,309) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $23,750 (+/- $6,810). Approximately, 3.0% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under the age of 18 and 16.6% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,210 people, 478 households, and 299 families residing in the city. The population density was 903.0 PD/sqmi. There were 566 housing units at an average density of 422.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.2% White, 1.6% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population.

There were 478 households, of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 45.8 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.1% were from 25 to 44; 29.5% were from 45 to 64; and 21.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,384 people, 531 households, and 346 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,124.7 PD/sqmi. There were 602 housing units at an average density of 489.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.81% White, 1.52% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.36% from other races, and 1.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.82% of the population.

There were 531 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household was $29,792, and the median income for a family was $37,250. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $19,028 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,493. About 6.3% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The largest employer in Peabody is Peabody–Burns USD 398, which has two schools in the city.

Area events

 * July 4 Celebration,  100th annual in 2021, fireworks are displayed in the historic Peabody City Park (near Locust and 2nd streets)                                                                                The fireworks are infamous for the display at the end which is called the Battle of New Orleans; over a million individual items are expoded in the display. In the 1960s and 1970s, up to 30,000 or more people attended the event, including a carnival of rides.
 * Doyle Valley Farmers Market, Santa Fe Park (near Walnut and 1st streets), Memorial Day to Labor Day, 8am to noon

Area attractions
Fountain next to W.H. Morgan House in Peabody, Kansas.jpg (immediate right), W.H. Morgan Barn (back right with red roof), Carnegie Library (left with brown brick), and museum (back middle with green roof)

Looking north-east (2010)]]

Peabody has six listings on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

 * 1880s Peabody Downtown Historic District (NRHP). The Downtown Business District of Peabody boasts of 42 contributing buildings in the district. The significant period for the district began in 1874 with the construction of the first free public library and ended in 1922 with the decline in oil production. Peabody is the second community in the State of Kansas to have its entire downtown district on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * 1884 J.S. Schroeder Building (NRHP), 111 North Walnut Street. Many types of businesses were on the first floor, but most older locals remember it as the McMillen grocery store. For the past couple of decades, the first floor has been occupied by the Mayesville Mercantile.
 * 1914 Peabody Township Carnegie Library (NRHP), 214 North Walnut Street.
 * 1919 Eyestone building, previously a POW camp during World War II, 122 West 2nd Street, private business.
 * Peabody Museum Historical Complex, Memorial Day to Labor Day.
 * 1874 Peabody Historical Library Museum (NRHP), 106 East Division Avenue (east of Carnegie Library). After the new Carnegie library was built in 1914, the first library was moved and used for club meetings and stood idle for a number of years. In 1960, while planning for the 1961 Kansas centennial celebration, local citizens organized to move the structure to a lot near its original location. The old library building was converted and dedicated as a museum on July 3, 1961.
 * 1881 W.H. Morgan House (NRHP), 212 North Walnut Street. A two-story Queen Anne Cottage built by W.H. Morgan, first editor of the Peabody Gazette newspaper.
 * 1904 W.H. Morgan Barn, east of House. Will contain larger items that can't fit in the museum, not yet open to public.
 * 1920 Peabody Printing Museum, 210 North Walnut Street. The Peabody Printing Museum has a collection of hot type equipment dating from 1870 to 1920.
 * Peabody City Park (NRHP):
 * 1881 Fair Floral Exhibition Hall, west of the football field at the top of the hill in the park. The building is unique because of its octagon walls. It is the only remaining fair building and not open to the public.
 * 1887 T.B. Townsend Barn, several miles east near U.S. Route 50. It is a three-story, 80 feet by 140 feet, limestone barn, and can easily be seen on the north side of the highway, not open to public.
 * 1927 Indian Guide Monument, several miles east near U.S. Route 50. Can be seen on bluff overlooking south side of highway, not open to public.
 * 1974 Mennonite Centennial Memorial Monument, south-east corner of Walnut and 1st Streets in the Santa Fe Park. A threshing stone was cut and placed on four sides of this monument.
 * Marion Reservoir, approximately 13 mi north of Peabody.

Government
The Peabody government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets twice a month.

 * City Hall, 300 North Walnut Street
 * Fire Department, 103 North Sycamore Street
 * Police Department and City Shop, 107 East 9th Street.
 * U.S. Post Office, 105 West 2nd Street

Historical list of mayors
Note: Before 1905, terms were 1 year.

Note: Before 1905, terms were 1 year.

Primary and secondary
The community is served by Peabody–Burns USD 398 public school district. The school district includes Peabody, Burns, Wonsevu, and nearby rural areas of Marion / Chase / Harvey / Butler Counties. There are two schools in the district in Peabody:
 * Peabody-Burns Junior/Senior High School, 810 North Sycamore Street, Grades 6th to 12th
 * Peabody-Burns Elementary School, 506 North Elm Street, Grades Pre-K to 5th

Academics
The high school band is well known in regional competitions and parades. The high school is a member of T.E.E.N., a shared video teaching network which was started in 1993, between five area high schools.

Sports
The Peabody-Burns High School mascot is the Warrior. All high school athletic and non-athletic competition is overseen by the Kansas State High School Activities Association. For the 2010/2011 seasons, the football team competes as Class 8 Man - Division I in the Wheat State league.

Championships
 * 1977, 2nd Place, Class 2A, High School Boys Football, head coach Dennis Franchione
 * 1963, 1st Place, Class B, High School Boys Basketball, head coach Cal Reimer

History
The first school in Peabody was organized in 1871. The first school building, two stone rooms, was built in 1872. The first high school classes were taught in 1879, and the first graduation class in 1881 consisted of 2 students. In 1923, a new high school was built at 900 North Walnut Street. In 1946–1947, the School Reorganization Act consolidated many one-room rural schools into the Peabody school district. In 1953, the Brown Building was built to house a larger gymnasium, band / lunch room, and vocational agriculture rooms. In 1965, the Burns and Summit school districts were unified with Peabody to form Unified School District 398. The Summit school and Burns High School were closed. In 1996–1997, the current high school was built (and attached) to the south side the existing Brown Building at 810 North Sycamore Street. Soon afterward, the former 1923 high school across the street was demolished and converted into a football practice field. The Burns Grade School, which included a junior high, was closed. Currently all students in USD 398 attend schools in Peabody.

Library
Each USD 398 school has a library for student access.

The city is served by the Peabody Township Carnegie Library at 214 North Walnut Street. The library was established in 1874, a Carnegie library since 1914, was the first free tax-supported library in Kansas. As of 2018, the library has a 50 Mbps fiber optic internet connection; patrons are able to access it with five library computers or free Wi-Fi access using their own device. The library is a member of the North Central Kansas Libraries System, which provides an inter-library book loan service from across the State of Kansas. The library is home to the 1919 "Peabody Roll of Honor" painting that depicts the names of all men from the Peabody Township who served in World War I. It also has a significant meeting room downstairs with a kitchen and is handicap accessible.

Print

 * Peabody Gazette-Bulletin, local newspaper for Burns, Florence, Peabody.
 * Hillsboro Free Press, free newspaper for the greater Marion County area.

Radio
Peabody is served by numerous AM and FM radio stations of the Wichita-Hutchinson listening market area, and satellite radio. See Media in Wichita, Kansas

Television
Peabody is served by over-the-air ATSC digital TV of the Wichita-Hutchinson viewing market area, cable TV by Allegiance Communications, and satellite TV. See Media in Wichita, Kansas

Films

 * Small Town, USA, a feature documentary which is currently in pre-production, examines the challenges faced by communities, employers, and individuals as they work to develop cultural and economic models that will ensure survival. IMG Pictures filmed in many small towns in rural Kansas, including Peabody. The Peabody downtown is being used for the promotional picture.

Rail
Two railroads, BNSF Railway and Union Pacific Railroad, pass through the city. The BNSF Railway runs east–west through the city and has a spur for grain cars at the east Mid Kansas Co-Op. Amtrak's Southwest Chief passenger train travels on the BNSF Railway but stops at nearby Newton. The Oklahoma Kansas Texas (OKT) line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs north–south through the city and has a spur for grain cars at the west Mid Kansas Co-Op. The two railroads cross each other as a Level junction, and a rarely used connection between the two railroads allows eastbound BNSF trains to turn onto the northbound Union Pacific railroad. Both railways had depots which were previously in Peabody, but were demolished in the 1960s and 1970s.

Highways
U.S. Highway 50 passes through the northern edge of the city and follows roughly parallel to the BNSF Railway.

In the early years of the highway before U.S. Route 50 was finalized in the 1930s, the highway was known as the New Santa Fe Trail, which entered the north side of the city on Newell Rd (later on Old Mill Rd), and exited on the south-west side on 60th Street (known as the Old Trail). In fall 1933, an underpass on 9th street (50S) was constructed to go under the Rock Island Railroad as part of the New Deal highway program during the Great Depression. Until the late 1950s, U.S. Route 50 was split into two routes through central Kansas. The routes were called 50N and 50S, and the highway through Peabody was 50S. From the 1930s to 1998, the highway was routed east to west through Peabody on 9th Street, then a bypass and overpass was built about 1.5 blocks north to avoid a dangerous underpass which went under the Union Pacific Railroad.

The Kansas Department of Transportation proposed that U.S. Route 50 should be converted into a 4-lane expressway from Emporia to western Kansas. In the meantime additional passing lanes may be added.

Utilities

 * Internet
 * Cable is provided by Allegiance Communications
 * Wireless is provided by Pixius Communications and various cellular providers
 * Satellite is provided by HughesNet, StarBand, WildBlue.
 * Dialup is provided by AT&T, EarthLink / Southwind, InterKan, KITUSA / Carroll's Web, WWWebservice
 * TV
 * Cable is provided by Allegiance Communications
 * Satellite is provided by DirecTV, Dish Network
 * Terrestrial is provided by regional digital TV stations
 * Telephone
 * Landline is provided by AT&T
 * Cell Phone is provided by Verizon
 * Electricity
 * City is provided by Westar Energy
 * Rural is provided by Flint Hills RECA and Butler REC
 * Natural Gas
 * Service is provided by Atmos Energy
 * Water
 * City is provided by City of Peabody
 * Rural is provided by Harvey County RWD #1 (map)
 * Sewer
 * Service is provided by City of Peabody
 * Trash
 * Service is provided by Waste Connections

Notable people

 * C. M. Arbuthnot (1852–1920), physician, founder of Arbuthnot Drug Company, Principal at public school in Peabody for two years.
 * Warren Bechtel (1872–1933), founder of Bechtel engineering and construction company, graduated from Peabody High School in 1891. In 1925, Warren, his three sons, and his brother Arthur (from Peabody) joined together to form the W.A. Bechtel Company, then later became Bechtel Corporation (2nd largest construction company in USA, as of 2022) (8th largest private company in USA by revenue, as of 2017).
 * Rebecca Ediger (born 1952), United States Secret Service agent, Special Award for Distinguished Service to the Executive Office of the President.
 * Dennis Franchione (born 1951), head football coach at various colleges, last at Texas State University. Head football coach of Peabody High School from 1976 to 1977 of which his fall 1977 football team placed 2nd in 2A state playoffs.
 * Nick Hague (born 1975), NASA astronaut, Colonel in United States Air Force, deployed in Iraq War, test pilot at 416th Flight Test Squadron, teacher at United States Air Force Academy, attended grade school in Peabody.
 * Lamar Hoover (1887–1944), head football coach at Fairmount College (now Wichita State University) for 4 years, head football coach at Oklahoma City University for 2 years, veteran of World War I, born in Peabody.
 * Bertine Pinckney (1824–1909), also spelled Pinckney, Kansas House of Representatives in 1874, Wisconsin State Assembly, Wisconsin Senate, Colonel in Union Army, Postmaster in Peabody starting in 1877, farmer.
 * Frederic Remington (1861–1909), American Old West artist, sheep rancher. Many text describe the location of his ranch near Peabody, instead it was closer to Plum Grove, which didn't have a railroad.  He spent free time in both communities.
 * Lawrence (L.D.) Slocombe (1905-1972), Kansas House of Representatives from 1956 to 1972, rancher, farmer, businessman.
 * Oscar Stauffer (1886–1982), founder of Stauffer Communications, editor of Peabody Gazette-Herald newspaper from 1915 to 1922.
 * William Weidlein (1892–1983), aka "Bill", head football coach for Midland College and Fort Hays State University. His uncle, Philip Weidlein, was Mayor of Peabody in 1879.
 * Fictional
 * Kaycee Nicole, fictitious persona, well-known case of Münchausen by Internet from 1999 to 2001.

Gallery

 * Historic Images of Peabody, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library

title: Peabody, Kansas


text:
Ramona, Kansas

Ramona is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 78. The city name is a Spanish name. It is located southwest of Herington next to a railroad.

Early history
For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1855, Marion County was established within the Kansas Territory, which included the land for modern day Ramona.

The city name Ramona is a Spanish name. Land ownership of the Ramona area dates back when the area belonged to Spain. Manuel De Lisa, a New Orleans merchant, petitioned his government for a large land grant in the Ramona area on July 16, 1799.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a main line from Herington through Ramona to Pratt. In 1888, this line was extended to Liberal. Later, it was extended to Tucumcari, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas. It foreclosed in 1891 and taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad, merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad, and finally merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".

A post office was established in Ramona on August 9, 1887.

21st century
In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed near Ramona, north to south through Marion County, with much controversy over road damage, tax exemption, and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs).

Geography
Ramona is located in the scenic Flint Hills and Great Plains of the state of Kansas.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.31 sqmi, all of it land. The county line is 0.5 miles north of Ramona.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 78 people, 39 households, and 27 families in Ramona. The population density was 268.0 per square mile (103.5/km$2$). There were 54 housing units at an average density of 185.6 per square mile (71.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 94.87% (74) white or European American (94.87% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 3.85% (3) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 1.28% (1) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.28% (1) of the population.

Of the 39 households, 43.6% had children under the age of 18; 33.3% were married couples living together; 17.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 20.5% of households consisted of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 5.1% of the population.

21.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 14.1% from 25 to 44, 46.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 96.8 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $41,750 (with a margin of error of +/- $15,924) and the median family income was $48,750 (+/- $11,319). Approximately, 27.3% of families and 39.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 66.7% of those under the age of 18 and 6.7% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 187 people, 66 households, and 45 families residing in the city. The population density was 603.2 PD/sqmi. There were 90 housing units at an average density of 290.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.0% White, 2.1% Native American, and 4.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 66 households, of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 12.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.8% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.36.

The median age in the city was 33.5 years. 35.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.8% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.5% male and 45.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 94 people, 40 households, and 27 families residing in the city. The population density was 318.5 PD/sqmi. There were 57 housing units at an average density of 193.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.74% White, 4.26% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.38% of the population.

There were 40 households, out of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.74.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 28.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.1 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $26,458, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $26,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,345. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

Government
The Ramona government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 2nd and last Monday of each month at 7PM.
 * City Hall, 311 "D" Street.
 * U.S. Post Office, 215 "D" Street.

Education
The community is served by Centre USD 397 public school district. The high school is a member of T.E.E.N., a shared video teaching network between five area high schools.
 * Centre School; 2374 310th St, Lost Springs, KS; between Lost Springs and Lincolnville, east of U.S. 77 highway.

Print

 * The Herington Times, newspaper from Herington.
 * Marion County Record, newspaper from Marion.
 * Hillsboro Free Press, free newspaper for greater Marion County area.

Transportation
Ramona is served by the Union Pacific Railroad, formerly the Southern Pacific, and prior, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Ramona is located on UP's Golden State main line to El Paso, Texas, and has a rail siding for train meets before entering UP's Herington, Kansas Yard. The line was originally built by the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railroad.

Utilities

 * Internet
 * Fiber Optics is provided by TCT.
 * Satellite is provided by HughesNet, StarBand, WildBlue.
 * TV
 * Fiber Optics is provided by TCT.
 * Satellite is provided by DirecTV, Dish Network.
 * Terrestrial is provided by regional digital TV stations.
 * Telephone
 * Fiber Optics is provided by TCT.
 * Electricity
 * City is provided by Westar Energy.
 * Rural is provided by Flint Hills RECA.
 * Natural Gas is provided by Atmos Energy.
 * Water
 * City is provided by Marion County RWD #1, billed by City of Ramona.
 * Rural is provided by Marion County RWD #1.
 * Sewer
 * Service is provided by City of Ramona.
 * Trash
 * Service is provided by M&K Trash.

Notable people

 * Glenn Strickler, (1901–1979), Kansas House of Representatives, merchant
 * Tanner Brunner, (1993-present), profesional steer wrestler

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ramona, Kansas


text:
Tampa, Kansas

Tampa is a city in Marion County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census the population of the city was 105. It is located between Durham and Ramona and is next to a railroad.

Early history
For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

From the 1820s to the 1870s, one of the most significant land routes in the United States was the Santa Fe Trail. It was located along the edge of what would become Tampa. Two Santa Fe Trail markers were located on the trail near Tampa. The trail was active across Marion County from 1821 to 1866.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1855, Marion County was established within the Kansas Territory, which included the land for modern day Tampa.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a main line from Herington through Tampa to Pratt. In 1888, this line was extended to Liberal. Later it was extended to Tucumcari, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas. It foreclosed in 1891 and was taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad. The company merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad, and merged again in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island".

The Golden Belt Town Company filed the plat for Tampa in 1887. The source of the city name is said to have been suggested by a railroad engineer who rode one of the first trains through Tampa. Tampa was incorporated as a city in 1908.

A post office was established in Tampa on April 17, 1888.

Geography
Tampa is located in the scenic Flint Hills and Great Plains of the state of Kansas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.18 sqmi, which is all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 112 people, 48 households, and 27 families residing in the city. The population density was 622.2 PD/sqmi. There were 67 housing units at an average density of 372.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.2% White and 1.8% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 48 households, of which 22.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 43.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.19.

The median age in the city was 45 years. 28.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.1% were from 25 to 44; 23.2% were from 45 to 64; and 26.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 58.9% male and 41.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 144 people, 59 households, and 37 families residing in the city. The population density was 736.5 PD/sqmi. There were 69 housing units at an average density of 352.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.06% White, and 6.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.03% of the population.

There were 59 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 24.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $18,125, and the median income for a family was $42,083. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,677. There were 6.9% of families and 15.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including 25.7% of under eighteens and 11.1% of those over 64.

Area attractions

Tampa has one building listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the 1910 P. H. Meehan House (NRHP) at 401 North Columbus Street. It is not open to public. Patrick Henry Meehan (March 12, 1868-February 4, 1944) served as president of Tampa State Bank.

Other historic sites include:
 * Santa Fe Trail
 * Santa Fe Trail Markers, numerous markers in the area
 * Santa Fe Trail Self-Guided Auto Tour.

Economy
Tampa is home to Tampa State Bank and Tampa Cafe.

Government
The Tampa government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 1st Monday of each month at 7PM (winter) or 8PM (summer).
 * City Hall, 113 W 3rd.
 * Fire Department, 302 N Main St.

Education
The community is served by Centre USD 397 public school district. The high school is a member of T.E.E.N., a shared video teaching network between five area high schools.
 * Centre School; 2374 310th St, Lost Springs, KS; between Lost Springs and Lincolnville, east of the U.S. 77 highway

Tampa High School was closed through school unification. The Tampa High School mascot was Tampa Tigers.

Print

 * The Herington Times, newspaper from Herington.
 * Marion County Record, newspaper from Marion.
 * Hillsboro Free Press, free newspaper for greater Marion County area.

Transportation
The K-15 highway is 3.75 mi W of the city. Tampa is served by the Union Pacific Railroad, formerly the Southern Pacific, and formerly the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Tampa is located on UP's Golden State main line to El Paso, Texas and still serves the Tampa Elevator during summer harvests.

Utilities

 * Internet
 * Fiber Optics is provided by TCT.
 * Satellite is provided by HughesNet, StarBand, WildBlue.
 * TV
 * Fiber Optics is provided by TCT.
 * Satellite is provided by DirecTV, Dish Network.
 * Terrestrial is provided by regional digital TV stations.
 * Telephone
 * Fiber Optics is provided by TCT.
 * Electricity
 * Rural is provided by Flint Hills RECA.
 * Water
 * Rural is provided by Marion County RWD #1.

title: Tampa, Kansas


text:
Axtell, Kansas

Axtell is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 399.

History
The first settlements were made at Axtell in the 1860s. The first post office in Axtell was established in December 1871. Axtell was laid out in 1872 when the railroad was extended to that point, and a railroad depot was built that year. It was named for Jesse Axtell, a railroad official.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.51 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Axtell has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 399 people, 172 households, and 98 families in Axtell. The population density was 762.9 per square mile (294.6/km$2$). There were 194 housing units at an average density of 370.9 per square mile (143.2/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.98% (363) white or European American (90.98% non-Hispanic white), 0.25% (1) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.75% (7) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.25% (5) from other races, and 5.76% (23) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.01% (8) of the population.

Of the 172 households, 24.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.9% were married couples living together; 22.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 37.2% of households consisted of individuals and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.4. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.5% of the population.

28.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 100.7 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $52,500 (with a margin of error of +/- $18,480) and the median family income was $71,750 (+/- $17,063). Males had a median income of $29,375 (+/- $9,112) versus $27,250 (+/- $8,274) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $28,833 (+/- $6,244). Approximately, 5.0% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under the age of 18 and 6.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 406 people, 178 households, and 111 families residing in the city. The population density was 796.1 PD/sqmi. There were 194 housing units at an average density of 380.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.8% White and 3.2% from two or more races.

There were 178 households, of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.6% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 43 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.7% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 23.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.7% male and 48.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 445 people, 182 households, and 129 families residing in the city. The population density was 882.6 PD/sqmi. There were 204 housing units at an average density of 404.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.85% White, 0.90% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 1.12% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.57% of the population.

There were 182 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,192, and the median income for a family was $35,000. Males had a median income of $29,250 versus $23,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,460. About 12.3% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Prairie Hills USD 113 public school district, formed in 2010 by the merger of Sabetha USD 441 and Axtel USD 488.

title: Axtell, Kansas


text:
Beattie, Kansas

Beattie is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 197. The city has been called "The Milo Capital of the World" and hosts the annual "Beattie Milo Festival".

History
Beattie was laid out in 1870. It is named for Armstrong Beattie, eighth Mayor of St. Joseph, Missouri.

The first post office in Beattie was established in July 1871.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.23 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 197 people, 86 households, and 53 families in Beattie. The population density was 860.3 per square mile (332.1/km$2$). There were 89 housing units at an average density of 388.6 per square mile (150.1/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.86% (179) white or European American (89.85% non-Hispanic white), 1.52% (3) black or African-American, 1.52% (3) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.51% (1) from other races, and 5.58% (11) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.54% (5) of the population.

Of the 86 households, 27.9% had children under the age of 18; 50.0% were married couples living together; 20.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 33.7% of households consisted of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.5. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 11.2% of the population.

19.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 31.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 91.6 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $47,375 (with a margin of error of +/- $16,605) and the median family income was $35,000 (+/- $16,401). The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,909 (+/- $2,453). Approximately, 0.0% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 200 people, 90 households, and 51 families residing in the city. The population density was 869.6 PD/sqmi. There were 104 housing units at an average density of 452.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.0% White, 1.0% African American, 1.5% Native American, 1.0% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.

There were 90 households, of which 18.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.3% were non-families. 42.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.73.

The median age in the city was 49.5 years. 14% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 41% were from 45 to 64; and 16% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 277 people, 107 households, and 63 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,210.3 PD/sqmi. There were 115 housing units at an average density of 502.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.67% White, 0.36% African American, 0.36% Pacific Islander, 2.89% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.97% of the population.

There were 107 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 2.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,583, and the median income for a family was $36,875. Males had a median income of $30,066 versus $14,722 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,204. About 14.9% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 11.1% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Marysville USD 364 public school district.

title: Beattie, Kansas


text:
Blue Rapids, Kansas

Blue Rapids is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 928.

History
The first endeavor to establish a town below the junction of the rivers, in 1857, failed due to misfortunes of two of the three participants. No further attempt to utilize the impressive water power was made until 1869–1870, when a colony of about 50 families from Genesee County, New York moved in, purchased land and water power rights, and began establishing a community. The Blue Rapids Town Company was formed, and by the end of 1870 the population was about 250. In 1872, Blue Rapids was incorporated as a city of third class under the statutes of Kansas.

Among the first projects in 1870 were a stone dam and a wrought iron bridge built on the Big Blue River. A hydroelectric power plant was then added to provide power for manufacturing and for the town. The power plant was destroyed by a flood in 1903. In the late 19th century and early 20th century there were four gypsum mines in the area. The population peaked around 1910 at over 1,750. The public library, built in 1875, is the oldest library west of the Mississippi in continuous operation in the same building.

Blue Rapids was the birthplace of the pancreatic cancer drug Streptozotocin. The bacterium from which the drug is derived was discovered in the late 1950s in a soil sample taken from "an uncultivated sandy soil in a grassland region" at Blue Rapids.

Blue Rapids claims to be the smallest town in the U.S. to have hosted a national league baseball game. On October 24, 1913, more than 3,000 fans watched the Chicago White Sox and New York Giants play a world tour exhibition game on the local ball field at Riverside Park that is still in use today. Blue Rapids was also home to minor league baseball. The 1910 Blue Rapids team played as members of the Class D level Eastern Kansas League.

In 2001, Blue Rapids became the site of a new NOAA Weather Radio transmitter, KZZ67, to provide weather and emergency information from the National Weather Service in Topeka, Kansas to residents of north-central and northeast Kansas.

In May 2012, "The Monument to the Ice Age" was dedicated in the town square. It features descriptions of Ice Age times, continental glaciers, and Sioux Quartzite glacial erratics -the oldest rocks in Kansas. The main reason for this Ice Age Monument is that Blue Rapids was founded in a place with abundant natural resources brought or created by the glaciers of the Ice Age over 10,000 years ago. The namesake rapids on the Blue River that were harnessed to power early industries, the sand and gravel deposits used for construction and roads, and the rich soils for agriculture are all here because of the Ice Age glaciers. The Monument honors this ancient geological heritage. Glacial erratic that was deposited in the glaciated region of Kansas during the Pleistocene era.

Geography
Blue Rapids is located in northeast Kansas near the junction of the Little Blue and Big Blue rivers. Located on highway US-77/K-9, Blue Rapids is 5 mi east of its sister town Waterville, 12 mi south of the county seat Marysville, 13 mi west of Frankfort, and 46 mi north of the large university town of Manhattan. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.01 sqmi, of which, 1.99 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water.

Georgia-Pacific has a gypsum mine near Blue Rapids.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 928 people, 376 households, and 243 families in Blue Rapids. The population density was 467.5 per square mile (180.5/km$2$). There were 418 housing units at an average density of 210.6 per square mile (81.3/km$2$). The racial makeup was 95.37% (885) white or European American (94.94% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.22% (2) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.08% (10) from other races, and 3.34% (31) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.62% (15) of the population.

Of the 376 households, 28.2% had children under the age of 18; 54.3% were married couples living together; 23.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 31.6% of households consisted of individuals and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.4. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 6.9% of the population.

23.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 24.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 107.3 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $45,278 (with a margin of error of +/- $12,893) and the median family income was $70,813 (+/- $7,268). Males had a median income of $37,868 (+/- $7,567) versus $16,625 (+/- $4,855) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,233 (+/- $7,561). Approximately, 5.9% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under the age of 18 and 5.2% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,019 people, 415 households, and 263 families residing in the city. The population density was 512.1 PD/sqmi. There were 465 housing units at an average density of 233.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.2% White, 0.3% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.6% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 415 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 43.2 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 22% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,088 people, 439 households, and 295 families residing in the city. The population density was 529 PD/sqmi. There were 494 housing units at an average density of 240/sq mi (93/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 98.07% White, 0.18% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.55% of the population.

There were 439 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 25.1% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,682, and the median income for a family was $37,273. Males had a median income of $30,066 versus $18,214 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,859. About 9.3% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Valley Heights USD 498 public school district. Valley Heights Jr/Sr High School is located halfway between the towns of Blue Rapids and Waterville. The Valley Heights mascot is Mustangs.

Blue Rapids High School was closed through school unification. The Blue Rapids Pirates won the Kansas State High School boys class B Track & Field championship in 1942.

title: Blue Rapids, Kansas


text:
Frankfort, Kansas

Frankfort is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 730.

History
Frankfort was laid out in 1867 when the Central Branch Union Pacific Railroad was built through the area. The nearby post office of Nottingham, established in 1857, moved roughly a half-mile northwest to meet the railroad. It was named for Frank Schmidt, a member of the town company. Frankfort was incorporated as a city of the third class in 1875.

The town lost 32 men during World War II, more per capita than any other community in the USA.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.02 sqmi, of which, 1.01 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 730 people, 311 households, and 198 families in Frankfort. The population density was 724.9 per square mile (279.9/km$2$). There were 348 housing units at an average density of 345.6 per square mile (133.4/km$2$). The racial makeup was 97.4% (711) white or European American (96.85% non-Hispanic white), 0.14% (1) black or African-American, 0.41% (3) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.14% (1) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.14% (1) from other races, and 1.78% (13) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.82% (6) of the population.

Of the 311 households, 26.7% had children under the age of 18; 54.3% were married couples living together; 22.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.2% of households consisted of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 13.2% of the population.

22.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 26.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 105.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $59,833 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,200) and the median family income was $82,969 (+/- $9,877). Males had a median income of $38,125 (+/- $5,178) versus $20,536 (+/- $9,584) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,347 (+/- $4,304). Approximately, 5.4% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under the age of 18 and 14.9% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 726 people, 307 households, and 195 families residing in the city. The population density was 718.8 PD/sqmi. There were 363 housing units at an average density of 359.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.8% White, 0.6% African American, 0.1% Asian, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 307 households, of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.5% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 47.7 years. 21.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.3% were from 25 to 44; 23.3% were from 45 to 64; and 28.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 855 people, 367 households, and 230 families residing in the city. The population density was 842.2 PD/sqmi. There were 411 housing units at an average density of 404.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.25% White, 0.35% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.12% Pacific Islander, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.

There were 367 households, out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 18.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 33.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,269, and the median income for a family was $34,545. Males had a median income of $25,167 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,078. About 6.8% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community and nearby rural areas are served by Vermillion USD 380 public school district.

The Frankfort Wildcats won the Kansas State High School boys basketball class 2A championship in 1973 and the class 1A DII championship in 2012. Frankfort football teams have brought home state titles in 1983 in Class 1A, as well as 1996 in Class 2-1A. Both teams were coached by Larry Schroeder, a member of the KSHSAA Hall of Fame. Frankfort also won the 1A volleyball state championship in both 1986 and 2009.

title: Frankfort, Kansas


text:
Marysville, Kansas

Marysville is a city in and the county seat of Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 3,447.

History

Marysville was laid out in 1855 by Francis J. Marshall, and designated in that same year the county seat. It was incorporated as a city in 1861.

Marysville was located on the Oregon Trail and the route of the Pony Express, the St. Joe Road, the Overland Stage, The Military Road, and the Otoe-Missouria Trail. British explorer Richard Francis Burton en route to California in 1860 noted: "Passing by Marysville, in old maps Palmetto City, a country-town which thrives by selling whiskey to ruffians of all descriptions ..." The old Pony Express Station still stands in downtown Marysville. In Beyond the Mississippi (1867), Albert D. Richardson, who passed through Marysville in 1860, wrote that the town—which was named after the Border Ruffian Marshall's wife—"had 50 houses and was famed for whisky and shooting affrays."

Marysville owed much of its prosperity to the Union Pacific Railroad, which became a major employer. But as the city grew along the railroad most of the community was across the tracks from a good part of downtown. As rail traffic increased, vehicular delays were estimated at 7.5 to 8 hours per day at the five grade crossings, which also affected emergency vehicles. In 2006 the main line was moved out of the center of town to a bypass to the south and west, with grade separations for US-36 and US-77.

Marysville is also known as the "Black Squirrel City" due to an isolated community of all-black squirrels that make their homes in the town. The squirrels are said to be the result of escapees from a traveling circus.

Geography
Marysville is located in northeast Kansas near the Nebraska border, about 75 miles (120 km) northwest of the Kansas capital of Topeka and 67 miles (108 km) south of Lincoln, Nebraska. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.62 sqmi, of which 4.58 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 3,447 people, 1,458 households, and 841 families in Marysville. The population density was 755.6 per square mile (291.7/km$2$). There were 1,682 housing units at an average density of 368.7 per square mile (142.4/km$2$). The racial makeup was 91.21% (3,144) white or European American (90.14% non-Hispanic white), 0.78% (27) black or African-American, 0.23% (8) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.9% (31) Asian, 0.06% (2) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.64% (22) from other races, and 6.18% (213) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.95% (136) of the population.

Of the 1,458 households, 27.8% had children under the age of 18; 44.2% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 37.4% of households consisted of individuals and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 16.9% of the population.

25.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 106.4 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $44,037 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,276) and the median family income was $64,099 (+/- $9,753). Males had a median income of $40,000 (+/- $9,158) versus $29,180 (+/- $4,513) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $32,774 (+/- $6,479). Approximately, 7.3% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.5% of those under the age of 18 and 7.9% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,294 people, 1,468 households, and 859 families living in the city. The population density was 719.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,646 housing units at an average density of 359.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.7% White, 0.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 1,468 households, of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.5% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 41.8 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,271 people, 1,437 households, and 865 families living in the city. The population density was 1,004.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,614 housing units at an average density of 495.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.04% White, 0.15% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.

There were 1,437 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $40,427. Males had a median income of $28,065 versus $18,063 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,196. About 5.7% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Marysville USD 364 public school district.

Notable people

 * Helen Arnold, Oklahoma House of Representative legislator (1976–82)
 * Kenneth Dam, Deputy Secretary of State (1982–85)
 * Brian Duensing, professional baseball player
 * Ralph Elliott, accountant and developer of the Elliott Wave Theory
 * Louis Hardin, a.k.a. Moondog, composer, musician and poet
 * Michael McClure, poet and playwright
 * Kendra Wecker, collegiate and professional basketball player

title: Marysville, Kansas


text:
Oketo, Kansas

Oketo is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 64.

History
Oketo was incorporated as a city, as defined by Kansas law, in 1870. It was named for a chief of the Otoe tribe.

The first post office in Oketo was established in May 1873.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.11 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 64 people, 30 households, and 22 families in Oketo. The population density was 621.4 per square mile (239.9/km$2$). There were 40 housing units at an average density of 388.3 per square mile (149.9/km$2$). The racial makeup was 87.5% (56) white or European American (87.5% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.56% (1) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 4.69% (3) from other races, and 6.25% (4) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 6.25% (4) of the population.

Of the 30 households, 30.0% had children under the age of 18; 53.3% were married couples living together; 3.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 26.7% of households consisted of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.4 and the average family size was 2.6. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 17.2% of the population.

12.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 32.8% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 75.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $63,828 (with a margin of error of +/- $563) and the median family income was $71,875 (+/- $23,337). Males had a median income of $63,438 (+/- $1,659) versus $20,938 (+/- $8,959) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $63,047 (+/- $19,580). Approximately, 0.0% of families and 0.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 66 people, 31 households, and 19 families residing in the city. The population density was 600.0 PD/sqmi. There were 38 housing units at an average density of 345.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 31 households, of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.7% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.68.

The median age in the city was 46.5 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.1% were from 25 to 44; 34.8% were from 45 to 64; and 22.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 87 people, 41 households, and 28 families residing in the city. The population density was 811.2 PD/sqmi. There were 47 housing units at an average density of 438.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.40% White, and 4.60% from two or more races.

There were 41 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.57.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 2.3% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,667, and the median income for a family was $30,893. Males had a median income of $26,042 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,862. There were 8.7% of families and 9.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Marysville USD 364 public school district.

Notable people

 * Thomas Olmsted, Roman Catholic bishop

title: Oketo, Kansas


text:
Summerfield, Kansas

Summerfield is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 125. The Kansas-Nebraska state border is the north edge of the city.

History
Summerfield had its start in about 1889 by the building of the railroad through that territory. It was named for Elias Summerfield, a railroad official.

The first post office in Summerfield was established in February 1889.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.34 sqmi, all of it land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 156 people, 79 households, and 41 families residing in the city. The population density was 458.8 PD/sqmi. There were 107 housing units at an average density of 314.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.1% White, 0.6% African American, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 79 households, of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.1% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.68.

The median age in the city was 51.2 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.7% were from 25 to 44; 39% were from 45 to 64; and 21.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 211 people, 75 households, and 53 families residing in the city. The population density was 629.8 PD/sqmi. There were 92 housing units at an average density of 274.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.05% White, 0.47% Native American, and 0.47% from two or more races.

There were 75 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 33.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $19,375 versus $14,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,046. About 7.1% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 14.0% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Prairie Hills USD 113 public school district. The school board voted to close Summerfield Elementary School at the end of the 2013-2014 school year.

title: Summerfield, Kansas


text:
Vermillion, Kansas

Vermillion is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 76.

History
Vermillion was founded in 1869 by the Missouri Pacific Railroad. It was named from the Black Vermillion River.

The first post office in Vermillion was established in May 1870.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.25 sqmi, of which, 0.24 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 112 people, 54 households, and 28 families residing in the city. The population density was 466.7 PD/sqmi. There were 74 housing units at an average density of 308.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.6% White, 1.8% Native American, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.4% of the population.

There were 54 households, of which 14.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.1% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.64.

The median age in the city was 48 years. 15.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.1% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 26.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.8% male and 48.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 107 people, 56 households, and 31 families residing in the city. The population density was 422.3 PD/sqmi. There were 82 housing units at an average density of 323.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.07% White and 0.93% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.61% of the population.

There were 56 households, out of which 14.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.9% were non-families. 41.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 2.53.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 12.1% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 10.3% from 25 to 44, 34.6% from 45 to 64, and 34.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,167, and the median income for a family was $52,188. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $11,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,082. There were 8.0% of families and 9.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 10.0% of under eighteens and 9.8% of those over 64.

Education
The community and nearby rural areas are served by Vermillion USD 380 public school district.

title: Vermillion, Kansas


text:
Waterville, Kansas

Waterville is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 658.

History
Waterville was founded in 1868 by the railroad company. It was named after Waterville, Maine, the hometown of a railroad official.

The first post office in Waterville was established in February 1868. Waterville was incorporated as a village in 1870 and as a city the following year.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.50 sqmi, of which 0.49 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 680 people, 294 households, and 192 families residing in the city. The population density was 1387.8 PD/sqmi. There were 331 housing units at an average density of 675.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.4% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.1% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 294 households, of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.7% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 41 years. 26.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.5% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 681 people, 292 households, and 190 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,351.1 PD/sqmi. There were 328 housing units at an average density of 650.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.50% White, 0.29% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 2.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.

There were 292 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,136, and the median income for a family was $38,472. Males had a median income of $29,107 versus $18,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,833. About 8.0% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Valley Heights USD 498 public school district. Valley Heights Jr/Sr High School is located halfway between the towns of Blue Rapids and Waterville. The Valley Heights mascot is Mustangs.

Waterville High School was closed through school unification. The Waterville High School mascot was Waterville Yellow Jackets.

Notable people

 * Josephine Thorndike Berry (1871-1945), American educator, home economist
 * Glen H. Thomas (1889-1962), Wichita architect

title: Waterville, Kansas