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Hoff Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Hoff Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 195 at the 2000 census.

Hoff Township was named after Hof, in Norway.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 sqmi, of which 36.0 sqmi is land and 0.03% is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 195 people, 61 households, and 53 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.4 PD/sqmi. There were 65 housing units at an average density of 1.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 92.82% White, 4.10% African American, 1.54% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.56% of the population.

There were 61 households, out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.4% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.1% were non-families. 9.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 3.42.

In the township the population was spread out, with 34.4% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.5 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $41,667, and the median income for a family was $42,292. Males had a median income of $31,607 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,496. About 5.9% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.7% of those 65 or over.

title: Hoff Township, Pope County, Minnesota


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Lake Johanna Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Lake Johanna Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 151 at the 2000 census.

History
Lake Johanna Township was organized in 1867. The original federal land survey of the township was completed in 1867.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 sqmi, of which 33.2 sqmi is land and 2.7 sqmi  (7.50%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 151 people, 64 households, and 43 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.6 PD/sqmi. There were 97 housing units at an average density of 2.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 98.01% White, and 1.99% from two or more races.

There were 64 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.9% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the township the population was spread out, with 18.5% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 29.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,813, and the median income for a family was $45,000. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,270. There were 4.8% of families and 11.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 19.0% of under eighteens and 16.7% of those over 64.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Langhei Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Langhei Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. Langhei is a name derived from Norwegian meaning "long highland". The population was 217 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 sqmi, of which 35.3 sqmi is land and 0.6 sqmi (1.61%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 217 people, 78 households, and 63 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.1 PD/sqmi. There were 99 housing units at an average density of 2.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 78 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.4% were married couples living together, 1.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.2% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.4% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 125.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $43,929, and the median income for a family was $49,063. Males had a median income of $38,542 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,829. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.


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Leven Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Leven Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 528 at the 2000 census. The township, as well as Lake Leven within its borders, were named after Loch Leven in Scotland, where one of the area's early pioneers grew up.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.5 square miles (91.8 km2), of which 32.7 square miles (84.7 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.1 km2) (7.70%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 528 people, 205 households, and 152 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.1 PD/sqmi. There were 408 housing units at an average density of 12.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.81% White and 0.19% African American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.19% of the population.

There were 205 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 2.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $41,705, and the median income for a family was $45,156. Males had a median income of $33,000 versus $16,842 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,197. About 3.3% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.3% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Leven Township, Pope County, Minnesota


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Long Beach, Minnesota

Long Beach is a city in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 338 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.57 sqmi, of which 1.45 sqmi is land and 0.12 sqmi is water.

Long Beach is immediately west of Glenwood, Minnesota on Minnesota State Highway 28 and is on the north shore of Lake Minnewaska.

Minnesota State Highways 28 and 29 (co-signed) serve as a main route in Long Beach.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 335 people, 147 households, and 109 families living in the city. The population density was 231.0 PD/sqmi. There were 269 housing units at an average density of 185.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.5% White, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3% of the population.

There were 147 households, of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.0% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.9% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.65.

The median age in the city was 50.4 years. 19.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.7% were from 25 to 44; 37.1% were from 45 to 64; and 21.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 271 people, 113 households, and 85 families living in the city. The population density was 180.3 PD/sqmi. There were 159 housing units at an average density of 105.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 113 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 26.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $55,000, and the median income for a family was $56,250. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,207. About 4.7% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

title: Long Beach, Minnesota


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Lowry, Minnesota

Lowry is a city in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 334 at the 2020 census.

History
Lowry was platted in March 1887, and named for Thomas Lowry, a railroad official. A post office has been in operation at Lowry since 1887.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.37 sqmi, all land.

Minnesota State Highways 55 and 114 are two of the main routes in the community.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 299 people, 130 households, and 83 families living in the city. The population density was 808.1 PD/sqmi. There were 141 housing units at an average density of 381.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.0% White, 0.3% Pacific Islander, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3% of the population.

There were 130 households, of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.2% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 35.6 years. 23.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.2% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 15.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.8% male and 49.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 271 people, 110 households, and 76 families living in the city. The population density was 729.7 PD/sqmi. There were 122 housing units at an average density of 328.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.68% White, 1.48% Native American, 0.37% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 110 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,591, and the median income for a family was $35,000. Males had a median income of $28,472 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,234. About 2.9% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 4.1% of those 65 or over.

title: Lowry, Minnesota


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Minnewaska Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Minnewaska Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 504 at the 2000 census.

The township took its name from Lake Minnewaska.

History
The township was surveyed in 1859 and organized in 1884.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 25.4 square miles (65.8 km$2$), of which 12.8 square miles (33.2 km$2$) is land and 12.6 square miles (32.6 km$2$) (49.57%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 504 people, 202 households, and 160 families residing in the township. The population density was 39.3 PD/sqmi. There were 356 housing units at an average density of 27.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 99.01% White, 0.60% Asian, and 0.40% from two or more races.

There were 202 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the township the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 20.2% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $38,000, and the median income for a family was $47,500. Males had a median income of $30,357 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,838. About 6.4% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 13.1% of those age 65 or over.


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Columbus Day

Columbus Day is a national holiday in many countries of the Americas and elsewhere, and a federal holiday in the United States, which officially celebrates the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Columbus went ashore at Guanahaní, an island in the Bahamas, on October 12, 1492. On his return in 1493, Columbus moved his coastal base of operations 70 miles east to the island of Hispaniola, what is now the Dominican Republic and established the settlement of La Isabela, the first permanent Spanish settlement in the Americas.

Christopher Columbus (Cristoforo Colombo ) was an Italian explorer (from Genoa) who led a Spanish maritime expedition to cross the Atlantic Ocean in search of an alternative route to the Far East, only to land in the New World. Columbus's first voyage to the New World on the Spanish ships 'the Niña', the Pinta, and  the Santa María, and  took about three months. Columbus and his crew's arrival in the New World initiated the colonisation of the Americas by Spain, followed in the ensuing centuries by other European powers, as well as the transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and technology between the New and Old Worlds, an event referred to by some late 20th‐century historians as the Columbian exchange.

The landing is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States, but the name varies internationally. The United States celebrates this day as "The Discovery of America". In some Latin American countries, October 12 is known as Día de la Raza or "Day of the Race". This was the case for Mexico, until it renamed it to “Day of the Pluricultural Nation” (still called Dia de la Raza locally). Some countries such as Spain refer to the holiday as the Day of Hispanicity or Día de la Hispanidad and is also Spain's National Day or Fiesta Nacional de España, where it coincides with the religious festivity of La Virgen del Pilar. Since 2009, Peru has celebrated Día de los pueblos originarios y el diálogo intercultural ("Indigenous Peoples and Intercultural Dialogue Day"). Belize and Uruguay celebrate it as Pan American Day and Día de las Américas ("Day of the Americas"). Columbus Day is also celebrated in Italy, as Giornata Nazionale di Cristoforo Colombo or Festa Nazionale di Cristoforo Colombo, and in the Little Italys around the world.

History
The first Columbus Day celebration took place on October 12, 1792, when the Columbian Order of New York, better known as Tammany Hall, held an event to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the historic landing. The Columbus Obelisk in Baltimore was erected in 1792.

Many Italian Americans observe Columbus Day as a celebration of their heritage and not of Columbus himself, and the day was celebrated in New York City on October 12, 1866. The day was first enshrined as a legal holiday in the United States through the lobbying of Angelo Noce, a first-generation American, in Denver. The first statewide holiday was proclaimed by Colorado governor Jesse F. McDonald in 1905, and it was made a statutory holiday in 1907. (Colorado replaced Columbus Day with Frances Xavier Cabrini Day in 2020, though that holiday is observed a week earlier.)

For the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1892, following lynchings in New Orleans, where a mob had murdered 11 Italian immigrants, President Benjamin Harrison declared Columbus Day as a one-time national celebration. The proclamation was part of a wider effort after the lynching incident to placate Italian Americans and ease diplomatic tensions with Italy. During the anniversary in 1892, teachers, preachers, poets, and politicians used rituals to teach ideals of patriotism. These rituals took themes such as citizenship boundaries, the importance of loyalty to the nation, and the celebration of social progress, included among them was the Pledge of Allegiance by Francis Bellamy.

In 1934, as a result of lobbying by the Knights of Columbus and New York City Italian leader Generoso Pope, Congress passed a statute stating: "The President is requested to issue each year a proclamation (1) designating October 12 as Columbus Day; (2) calling on United States government officials to display the flag of the United States on all government buildings on Columbus Day; and (3) inviting the people of the United States to observe Columbus Day, in schools and churches, or other suitable places, with appropriate ceremonies that express the public sentiment befitting the anniversary of the discovery of America." President Franklin Delano Roosevelt responded by making such a proclamation. This proclamation did not lead to the modern federal holiday; it was similar to language regarding Thomas Jefferson's birthday and Gold Star Mothers Day. In 1941, Italian and Italian Americans were interned and lost rights as "enemy aliens" due to a belief they would be loyal to Italy and not America in World War II; in 1942, Franklin Roosevelt had the removal of the designation of Italian Americans as "enemy aliens" announced on Columbus Day along with a plan to offer citizenship to 200,000 elderly Italians living in the United States who had been unable to acquire citizenship due to a literacy requirement, but the implementation of the announcement was not completed until those interned in camps were released after Italy's surrender to the Allies on September 8, 1943.

In 1966, Mariano A. Lucca, from Buffalo, New York, founded the National Columbus Day Committee, which lobbied to make Columbus Day a federal holiday. These efforts were successful and legislation to create Columbus Day as a federal holiday was signed by President Lyndon Johnson on June 28, 1968, to be effective beginning in 1971.

Since 1971, when Columbus Day became an officially recognized Federal holiday in the United States, it has been observed on the second Monday in October, as commemorated by annual Presidential proclamation noting Columbus' achievements. It is generally observed by banks, the bond market, the U.S. Postal Service, other federal agencies, most state government offices, many businesses, and most school districts. Some businesses and some stock exchanges remain open, and some states and municipalities abstain from observing the holiday. The traditional date of the holiday also adjoins the anniversary of the United States Navy (founded October 13, 1775), and thus both occasions are customarily observed by the Navy and the Marine Corps with either a 72- or 96-hour liberty period.

The observance on the second Monday in October means it coincides with the Canadian holiday of Thanksgiving.

Local observance of Columbus Day
Actual observance varies in different parts of the United States, ranging from large-scale parades and events to complete nonobservance. Most states do not celebrate Columbus Day as an official state holiday. Some mark it as a "Day of Observance" or "Recognition.” Most states that celebrate Columbus Day will close state services, while others operate as normal.

San Francisco claims the nation's oldest continuously existing celebration with the Italian-American community's annual Columbus Day Parade, which was established by Nicola Larco in 1868, while New York City boasts the largest, with over 35,000 marchers and one million viewers around 2010.

As in the mainland United States, Columbus Day is a legal holiday in the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico. In the United States Virgin Islands, the day is celebrated as both Columbus Day and "Puerto Rico Friendship Day."

Virginia also celebrates two legal holidays on the day, Columbus Day and Yorktown Victory Day, which honors the final victory at the Siege of Yorktown in the Revolutionary War.

Nonobservance
The celebration of Columbus Day in the United States began to decline at the end of the 20th century, although many Americans continue to celebrate it. The District of Columbia and the states of Colorado, Hawaii, Alaska,  Vermont, South Dakota, New Mexico, Maine, Minnesota, and parts of California, including, for example, Los Angeles County, do not recognize it and have each replaced it with celebrations of Indigenous Peoples' Day (in Hawaii, "Discoverers' Day", in South Dakota, "Native American Day" ) or other holidays. In the states of Oregon and Washington, Columbus Day is not an official holiday.

Iowa and Nevada do not celebrate Columbus Day as an official holiday, but the states' respective governors are "authorized and requested" by statute to proclaim the day each year. Several states have removed the day as a paid holiday for state government workers, while maintaining it either as a day of recognition, or as a legal holiday for other purposes, including California and Texas.

The practice of U.S. cities eschewing Columbus Day to celebrate Indigenous Peoples' Day began in 1992 with Berkeley, California. The list of cities that have followed suit as of 2018 includes Austin, Boise, Cincinnati, Denver, Los Angeles, Mankato, Philadelphia, Portland, San Francisco, Santa Fe, Seattle, Saint Paul, Phoenix, Tacoma, and "dozens of others".

Columbus, Ohio, has chosen to honor veterans instead of Christopher Columbus, and removed Columbus Day as a city holiday in 2018. Various tribal governments in Oklahoma designate the day as Native American Day, or name it after their own tribe.

In 2017, the city council of Akron, Ohio, became split along racial lines with the decision to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day, creating pushback from the city's Italian-American community. In 2018, a compromise was reached, with the city council voting to name the first Monday of October as North American First People's Day while keeping Columbus Day, and in 2020, Columbus Day was renamed Italian-American Heritage and Culture Day.

Latin American observance
The date Columbus arrived in the Americas is celebrated in some countries of Latin America. The most common name for the celebration in Spanish (including some Latin American communities in the United States) is the Día de la Raza ("day of the race" or the "day of the [Hispanic] people"), commemorating the first encounters of Europeans and the Native Americans. The day was first celebrated in Argentina in 1917, in Venezuela and Colombia in 1921, in Chile in 1922, and in Mexico, it was first celebrated in 1928. The day was also celebrated under this title in Spain until 1957, when it was changed to the Día de la Hispanidad ("Hispanicity Day"), and in Venezuela, it was celebrated under this title until 2002, when it was changed to the Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance). Originally conceived of as a celebration of Hispanic influence in the Americas, as evidenced by the complementary celebrations in Spain and Latin America, Día de la Raza has come to be seen by nationalist activists throughout Latin America as a counter to Columbus Day – a celebration of the native races and cultures and their resistance to the arrival of Europeans in the Americas.

In the United States, Día de la Raza has served as a time of mobilization for panethnic Latino activists, particularly since the 1960s. Since then, La Raza has served as a periodic rallying cry for Hispanic activists. The first Hispanic March on Washington occurred on Columbus Day in 1996. The name was used by the largest Hispanic social justice organization in the nation, UnidosUS, which was known as the National Council of La Raza from 1968 to 2017.

On October 10, 1992, Pope John Paul II visited the Dominican Republic to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the Americas and the arrival of Christianity in the "New World". His visit ended with a mass in the nation's cathedral, the first cathedral in the Western Hemisphere.

Argentina
The Day of the Race was established in Argentina in 1916 by a decree of President Hipólito Yrigoyen. The name was changed to "Day of Respect of Cultural Diversity" by a presidential decree in 2010 issued by President Cristina Kirchner. The statue of Columbus was removed from its original position near the Casa Rosada and replaced by one of Juana Azurduy, a patriot and leader in the struggle for independence who had indigenous ancestors.

Colombia
Colombia, whose name originated from Columbus himself, celebrates El día de la Raza y de la Hispanidad (meaning "Day of the Race and Hispanicity"), and is taken as an opportunity to celebrate the encounter of "the two worlds" and to reflect on the richness that the racial diversity has brought to the culture. In 2021 the Ministry of Culture changed the name of the holiday to ‘Día de la Diversidad Étnica y Cultural de la Nación Colombiana (meaning "Day of Ethnical and Cultural Diversity of the Colombian nation").

Peru
In Peru, it was known as Día del descubrimiento de América ("Day of the discovery of America"). Since 2009, it has been celebrated as Día de los pueblos originarios y el diálogo intercultural (Indigenous Peoples and Intercultural Dialogue Day).

Venezuela
Between 1921 and 2002, Venezuela celebrated Día de la Raza along with many other Latin American nations. The original holiday was officially established in 1921 under President Juan Vicente Gómez. In 2002, under President Hugo Chávez, the holiday was changed to Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance) to commemorate the Indigenous peoples' resistance to European settlement.

On October 12, 2004, a crowd of progovernment activists toppled a statue of Christopher Columbus by Rafael de la Cova in Caracas. The activists also sprayed allusive graffiti over its pedestal. The walk where the statue had stood was renamed in 2008 "Indigenous Resistance Walk". Later, a statue of an indigenous leader, Guaicaipuro, was erected on the plinth.

Costa Rica
On September 21, 1994, Costa Rica changed the official holiday from Día de la Raza to Día del Encuentro de las Culturas (Day of the Encounter of Cultures) to recognize the mix of European, Native American (autochthonous populations), African and Asian cultures that constitute modern Costa Rican (and Latin American) culture and ethnicity. In accordance to the Costa Rican labor law, the holiday is observed on October 12. However, should this date coincide with a Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday, the employer shall agree that said holiday be postponed to the following Monday. In 2020, Costa Ricans eliminated this holiday, which was under debate in years prior. Hence, in exchange Costa Rica now celebrates the 'Military Abolition Day' on December 1.

El Salvador
In June 1915, the official holiday of ' Fiesta de la Raza'  was established, with October 12 being the date of the national holiday. Presently, since October 12, 2021, the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador abolished the previous national Fiesta de la Raza holiday, " [to] vindicate the origin and identity of indigenous peoples who were forgotten by previous governments, who for decades celebrated Race Day as a positive event and who never adopted mechanisms to enhance human rights." The holiday is no longer celebrated officially.

Mexico
In Mexico, the date was known as Columbus Day or Day of the Race. On December 18, 2020, by decree of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the name of October 12 was changed to "Day of the Pluricultural Nation". The statue of Columbus along Mexico City's Paseo de la Reforma was removed and replaced with a replica of The Young Woman of Amajac, a sculpture depicting an Indigenous woman.

Caribbean observance
Only a handful of Caribbean countries observe holidays related to Columbus Day. In Belize, October 12 is celebrated as Day of the Americas or Pan American Day. In the Bahamas, it was formerly known as Discovery Day, until 2001 when it was replaced by National Heroes Day. In 1937, Cuban President Federico Laredo Brú (1936–1940) spoke to the nation and countries of America in Cuba on October 12 commemorating Christopher Columbus's voyage to the New World. Federico Laredo Brú spoke about Columbus's impact on the land and the future of its settlement. He ended his speech with venerating Christopher Columbus's efforts to colonize and establish settlements along the new front and the pride of one's nation. He added "Por mi raza hablo mi espiritu," which translates to "For my race my spirit called," to support the political infrastructure at the time.

Columbus's legacy in the Caribbean
In December 1937, Cuban president Federico Laredo Brú and Dominican Republic president Rafael Trujillo ordered a crew of aviators to travel through Latin America collecting funds from large capital cities for a monumental light house in the Dominican Republic. The exploration Escuadrilla Binacional Pro Faro de Colón was inspired by Columbus's journey across the North Atlantic Ocean to America. The expedition consisted of three Stinson Reliant SR-9s  borrowed from the Cuban Air Force – named Santa María, Niña and La Pinta after the vessels commanded by Columbus – and a Curtiss Wright CW-19R from the Dominican military aviation named Colon after Columbus. On December 15, after visiting a majority of South America, their flight to the Peruvian capital Lima was hampered by an unexpected sandstorm. Two planes (Colon and La Pinta) were forced to land in Pisco and Niña disappeared in the storm. The Santa Maria was the only plane to reach Lima as planned, landing at Las Palmas on the day of the storm. After extensive searches, Niña radioed their whereabouts after their radio was damaged in the storm. The aircraft restrategized in Las Palmas, and on December 29 their expedition took off from El Techo airport in Bogotá en route to El Guabito airport in Cali. Later that day, the crew flew into an unexpected storm over the Valley of Cauca. With minimal visibility and poor navigation, Niña, La Pinta, and Santa Maria crashed into high mountains, while Colon, unaware of the other aircraft, flew over the storm and safely made it to Panama City. The plane is preserved today as remembrance of the bravery of the crew and Christopher Columbus's journey.

In 1992, in remembrance of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America, the Columbus Lighthouse, in Santo Domingo Este was inaugurated. The monument is both a mausoleum and a museum showcasing objects including a boat from Cuba and Colombian jewelry. Constructed of concrete, the monument is 680 ft long. Its architecture is cross-shaped and represents the Christianization of the Americas. According to the Dominican authorities, remains of Christopher Columbus are sheltered at the lighthouse. However, Spanish authorities have proved through DNA tests that the remains in the Cathedral of Seville are the real remains of Columbus. The Dominican authorities haven't allowed the same DNA tests to be done to the remains in the lighthouse, so it is impossible to know if the remains of Columbus are divided or if the remains in the lighthouse belonged to another person.

Italy
Since the 18th century, many Italian communities in the Americas have observed the Discovery of the New World as a celebration of their heritage, despite Italy not existing as a unified country when Columbus was born, and despite his public renunciation of his Genovese nationality to swear allegiance to the King of Spain.

In Italy, Columbus Day has been officially celebrated since 2004. It is officially named Giornata nazionale di Cristoforo Colombo ("National Christopher Columbus Day").

The "Lega Navale Italiana" has created a Regata di Colombo ("Columbus Regatta") as a celebration of the Columbus achievement. Italians have celebrated Christopher Columbus (Cristoforo Colombo ) naming after him many civilian and military ships, like the ocean liner SS Cristoforo Colombo.

Spain
The first celebration of the Discovery of the Américas by Columbus in Spain was as early as 1642 when the city of Zaragoza designated the Virgen del Pilar (Our Lady of the Pillar) as symbol of the Hispanidad (Hispanicity) on the date of the Spanish expedition's arrival to the New World. This holiday was declared a religious feast day throughout the Spanish Empire in 1730. In 1892, the 12 of October was declared a one-time national day in commemoration of the 4th centenary of the Discovery of America and the perpetuation of the festivity was then first considered. The Spanish government suggested other nations (Hispanic American countries, Italy and the United States of America) to join the celebration, which was followed with enthusiasm by them, with a few exceptions. The Discovery of America and the Hispanicity has been celebrated as a national day since 1918 under different names like "Día de la Hispanidad" or "Dia de la Raza", due to changes of political regimes in the 20th century. The national day emphasises Spain's ties with the Hispanidad, the international Hispanic community and Spanish legacy to the world. In 1981 a royal decree established the Fiesta Nacional y Día de la Hispanidad as a national holiday. However, in 1987 the name was changed again to Fiesta Nacional and October 12 became one of two national celebrations, along with Constitution Day on December 6 as part of a compromise between conservatives, who wanted to emphasize the status of the monarchy and Spain's history, and Republicans, who wanted to commemorate Spain's burgeoning democracy with an official holiday. Since 2000, October 12 has also been Spain's Day of the Armed Forces, celebrated each year with a military parade in Madrid. The holiday is widely celebrated in Spain with official and cultural events throughout the country. Shops and businesses are closed as with other bank holidays. The observation is enhanced with the feast day of Our Lady of the Pillar (Fiestas del Pilar), the so-called Mother of Hispanidad, and of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Extremadura (Santa María de Guadalupe) (appointed Queen of Hispanicity in 1928 by the Vatican) from Guadalupe, Caceres, whose Monastery was the venue in June 1492 for the decisive meeting between the Catholic Monarchs and Columbus to start organizing the travel and where the latter came back in 1493, right after returning from his first voyage, to thank Her for his success.

Opposition to Columbus celebrations

For years after the first Columbus Day celebration in 1892, opposition to Columbus Day recognized the suffering inflicted on American Indians with westward expansion.

It also originated from anti-immigrant nativists who sought to eliminate its celebration because of its association with immigrants from the Catholic countries of Ireland and Italy, and the American Catholic fraternal organization, the Knights of Columbus. Some anti-Catholics, notably including the Ku Klux Klan and the Women of the Ku Klux Klan, opposed celebrations of Columbus or monuments about him because they thought that it increased Catholic influence in the United States, which was largely a Protestant country.

In the summer of 1990, 350 representatives from American Indian groups from all over the hemisphere met in Quito, Ecuador, at the first Intercontinental Gathering of Indigenous People in the Americas, to mobilize against the 500th anniversary (quin-centennial) celebration of Columbus Day planned for 1992. The following summer, in Davis, California, more than a hundred Native Americans gathered for a follow-up meeting to the Quito conference. They declared October 12, 1992, to be "International Day of Solidarity with Indigenous People."

More recently, mainly since the 1990s, more people oppose Columbus's and other Europeans' actions against the indigenous populations of the Americas. This opposition was initially led by Native Americans and was expanded upon by left-wing political parties. Various holidays commemorating Columbus have now been abolished, with various Latin American countries altering the holidays to now recognise indigenous populations.

Two surveys, conducted in 2013 and 2015 by Rasmussen Reports, found 26% to 38% of American adults are not in favor of celebrating Columbus Day. A similar survey by Catholic Marist Polls showed 26% opposition

There are many interrelated strands of criticism. One refers primarily to the treatment of the indigenous populations during the European colonization of the Americas, which followed Columbus's discovery. Some groups, such as the American Indian Movement, have argued that the ongoing actions and injustices against Native Americans are masked by Columbus myths and celebrations. American anthropologist Jack Weatherford says that on Columbus Day, Americans celebrate the greatest waves of genocide of the American Indians known in history.

A second strain of criticism of Columbus Day focuses on the character of Columbus himself. In time for the 2004 observation of the day, the final volume of a compendium of Columbus-era documents was published by the University of California, Los Angeles' Medieval and Renaissance Center. It stated that Columbus, while a brilliant mariner, exploited and enslaved the indigenous population.

Spelman College historian Howard Zinn described some of the details in his book, A People's History of the United States, of how Columbus personally ordered the enslavement and mutilation of the native Arawak people in a bid to repay his investors.

Journalist and media critic Norman Solomon reflects, in Columbus Day: A Clash of Myth and History, that many people choose to hold on to the myths instead of reality in the events surrounding Columbus. He disputes the idea that the Spaniards' arrival was beneficial towards the Indians by quoting History of the Indies by the Catholic priest Bartolomé de las Casas, who observed the region where Columbus was governor. Las Casas writes that the Spaniards were driven by "insatiable greed" as they killed and tortured native populations with "the strangest and most varied new methods of cruelty" and laments that "my eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature, and now I tremble as I write."

title: Columbus Day


text:
New Prairie Township, Pope County, Minnesota

New Prairie Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 252 at the 2000 census.

New Prairie Township was so named by pioneers who settled upon the prairie.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.8 km$2$), of which 35.2 square miles (91.1 km$2$) is land and 0.7 square mile (1.7 km$2$) (1.87%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 252 people, 84 households, and 71 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.2 people per square mile (2.8/km$2$). There were 87 housing units at an average density of 2.5/sq mi (1.0/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.22% White, 1.19% African American, 1.19% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races.

There were 84 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.3% were non-families. 10.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $41,875, and the median income for a family was $43,333. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $20,469 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,136. About 7.3% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 3.9% of those 65 or over.


text:
Nora Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Nora Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 207 at the 2000 census.

According to Warren Upham, the name Nora was probably derived from Norway.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.2 square miles (93.7 km$2$), of which 33.8 square miles (87.5 km$2$) is land and 2.4 square miles (6.2 km$2$) (6.60%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 207 people, 84 households, and 59 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.1 people per square mile (2.4/km$2$). There were 93 housing units at an average density of 2.8/sq mi (1.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 84 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.9% were married couples living together, 3.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $33,250, and the median income for a family was $39,583. Males had a median income of $27,917 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,833. About 3.9% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 4.3% of those 65 or over.

title: Nora Township, Pope County, Minnesota


text:
Reno Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Reno Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 355 at the 2000 census.

Reno Township took its name from Lake Reno.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (92.9 km$2$), of which 29.8 square miles (77.1 km$2$) is land and 6.1 square miles (15.8 km$2$) (16.98%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 355 people, 125 households, and 100 families residing in the township. The population density was 11.9 people per square mile (4.6/km$2$). There were 162 housing units at an average density of 5.4/sq mi (2.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.15% White, 0.28% Native American, 0.28% Asian, and 0.28% from two or more races.

There were 125 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.4% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 121.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $48,000, and the median income for a family was $54,000. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,518. About 10.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.3% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Reno Township, Pope County, Minnesota


text:
Rolling Forks Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Rolling Forks Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 160 at the 2000 census.

Rolling Forks Township was named for its rolling hills and forks of its river.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (93.0 km$2$), of which 34.6 square miles (89.7 km$2$) is land and 1.2 square miles (3.2 km$2$) (3.45%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 160 people, 57 households, and 42 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.6 people per square mile (1.8/km$2$). There were 61 housing units at an average density of 1.8/sq mi (0.7/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.25% White, 2.50% African American, 1.25% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.75% of the population.

There were 57 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.4% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the township the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $42,656. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $20,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,293. None of the families and 2.4% of the population were living below the poverty line.


text:
Sedan, Minnesota

Sedan is a city in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 43 at the 2020 census.

History
A post office called Sedan was established in 1892, and remained in operation until 1996. The city was named after Sedan, in France.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.507 sqmi, all land.

Minnesota State Highway 55 serves as a main route in the community.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 45 people, 21 households, and 10 families living in the city. The population density was 88.2 PD/sqmi. There were 28 housing units at an average density of 54.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 21 households, of which 14.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.8% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 52.4% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 40.8 years. 11.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 17.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 33.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.1% were from 45 to 64; and 6.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 65 people, 30 households, and 15 families living in the city. The population density was 128.2 PD/sqmi. There were 31 housing units at an average density of 61.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 30 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.7% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $40,833. Males had a median income of $31,458 versus $16,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,355. There were 11.1% of families and 15.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 33.3% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Sedan, Minnesota


text:
Starbuck, Minnesota

Starbuck is a city in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,365 at the 2020 census. The city is on the western shore of Lake Minnewaska.

Geography
Minnesota State Highways 28, 29, and 114 are three of Starbuck's main routes.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 1.48 sqmi, all land.

History

Starbuck was platted in the spring of 1882, as a village on the Northern Pacific railway, adjoining Lake Minnewaska. The growth and settlement of Pope County were greatly impeded for many years by the lack of railway and shipping facilities, which obliged settlers to go long distances into adjoining counties to market their products.

The town was reportedly named after Stabekk in Bærum in Akershus county, Norway. But Geographical Names of Manitoba says the village of Starbuck, Manitoba, is thought to have been named after the town in Minnesota by a contractor working for the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885, and that Starbuck, Minnesota, was named after William H. Starbuck of New York, who financed the Little Falls and Dakota Railroad. Some also believe the town's name comes from the oxen used to build the railroad through the town, whose names were Star and Buck.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 1,302 people, 576 households, and 328 families living in the city. The population density was 829.3 PD/sqmi. There were 671 housing units at an average density of 427.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.3% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 576 households, of which 22.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.75.

The median age in the city was 45.8 years. 19.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 25.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 1,314 people, 565 households, and 328 families living in the city. The population density was 834.0 PD/sqmi. There were 633 housing units at an average density of 401.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.01% White, 0.23% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.46% of the population.

There were 565 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 30.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 76.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,235, and the median income for a family was $40,875. Males had a median income of $30,865 versus $21,184 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,030. About 7.9% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 23.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Starbuck, Minnesota


text:
Villard, Minnesota

Villard is a city in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 225 at the 2020 census.

History
Villard was platted in 1882, and named for Henry Villard, a railroad official. A post office has been in operation at Villard since 1882.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.80 sqmi, all land.

Minnesota State Highway 28 serves as a main route in the community.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 254 people, 115 households, and 72 families living in the city. The population density was 317.5 PD/sqmi. There were 127 housing units at an average density of 158.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% White, 2.0% Native American, 0.8% Asian, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 115 households, of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 45.3 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 244 people, 99 households, and 68 families living in the city. The population density was 308.5 PD/sqmi. There were 116 housing units at an average density of 146.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.36% White, 0.41% Native American, 0.82% Asian, and 0.41% from two or more races.

There were 99 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,688, and the median income for a family was $33,214. Males had a median income of $25,156 versus $15,357 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,154. About 12.2% of families and 18.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 16.0% of those 65 or over.

title: Villard, Minnesota


text:
Walden Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Walden Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 201 at the 2000 census.

According to Warren Upham, Walden Township was probably named after Walden Pond.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 square miles (92.2 km$2$), of which 32.9 square miles (85.1 km$2$) is land and 2.8 square miles (7.1 km$2$) (7.75%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 201 people, 67 households, and 54 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.1 people per square mile (2.4/km$2$). There were 80 housing units at an average density of 2.4/sq mi (0.9/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 67 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.6% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.43.

In the township the population was spread out, with 32.8% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,000, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $29,688 versus $20,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,066. About 3.7% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.7% of those 65 or over.

title: Walden Township, Pope County, Minnesota


text:
Westport, Minnesota

Westport is a city in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 44 at the 2020 census.

History
Westport was platted in 1882. A post office called Westport was established in 1888, and remained in operation until 1966.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.264 sqmi, all land.

Minnesota State Highway 28 serves as a main route in the community.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 57 people, 22 households, and 13 families living in the city. The population density was 203.6 PD/sqmi. There were 23 housing units at an average density of 82.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 80.7% White, 3.5% African American, and 15.8% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.8% of the population.

There were 22 households, of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.9% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.31.

The median age in the city was 39.8 years. 29.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.6% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.4% male and 45.6% female.

2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 72 people, 23 households, and 18 families living in the city. The population density was 257.4 PD/sqmi. There were 25 housing units at an average density of 89.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 23 households, out of which 47.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.9% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.4% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.9% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 13.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,438, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $22,188 versus $19,688 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,501. There were no families and 4.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 33.3% of those over 64.

title: Westport, Minnesota


text:
Lakh

A lakh (abbreviated L; sometimes written lac ) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105). In the Indian 2,2,3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India, 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees, written as ₹1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000.

It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It is often used in Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan English.

Usage
In Indian English, the word is used both as an attributive and non-attributive noun with either an unmarked or marked ("-s") plural, respectively. For example: "1 lakh people"; "lakhs of people"; "20 lakh rupees"; "lakhs of rupees". In the abbreviated form, usage such as "₹5L" or "₹5 lac" (for "5 lakh rupees") is common. In this system of numeration, 100 lakh is called one crore and is equal to 10 million.

Silver market
The term is also used in the pricing of silver on the international precious metals market, where one lakh equals 100000 ozt of silver.

Etymology and regional variants
The modern word lakh derives from लक्ष, originally denoting "mark, target, stake in gambling", but also used as the numeral for "100,000" in Gupta-era Classical Sanskrit (Yājñavalkya Smṛti, Harivaṃśa).

 * In Assamese: লক্ষ lokhyo, or লাখ lakh
 * In Bengali: natively (tadbhava) known as লাখ lākh, though some use the ardha-tatsama লক্ষ lokkho.
 * In Hindi: लाख lākh
 * In Dhivehi: ލައްކަ la'kha
 * In Gujarati: લાખ lākh
 * In Kannada: ಲಕ್ಷ lakṣha
 * In Kashmiri: lachh
 * In Khasi: lak
 * In Malayalam: ലക്ഷം laksham
 * In Marathi: लाख/लक्ष lākh/laksha
 * In Meitei: ꯂꯥꯛ lāk
 * In Nepali: लाख lākh
 * In Odia: ଲକ୍ଷ låkhyå
 * In Punjabi: (Shahmukhi:, Gurmukhi: ਲੱਖ) lakkh
 * In Sinhala: ලක්ෂ
 * In Tamil: இலட்சம் latcham
 * In Telugu: లక్ష laksha
 * In Urdu: lākh

title: Lakh


text:
Westport Township, Pope County, Minnesota

Westport Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 279 at the 2000 census. It contains the village of Westport, Minnesota.

History
The township was surveyed in 1858. The first public building was a tavern on Westport Lake operated by the Drake Family.

The Little Falls and Dakota Railroad (later part of the Northern Pacific Railway) established a depot in 1882.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.8 km$2$), of which 34.5 square miles (89.5 km$2$) is land and 0.9 square mile (2.3 km$2$) (2.48%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 279 people, 83 households, and 68 families residing in the township. The population density was 8.1 people per square mile (3.1/km$2$). There were 90 housing units at an average density of 2.6/sq mi (1.0/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.28% White, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.08% of the population.

There were 83 households, out of which 47.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.3% were married couples living together, 2.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.9% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.72.

In the township the population was spread out, with 35.8% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $42,188, and the median income for a family was $44,250. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $17,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,185. About 13.6% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.1% of those 65 or over.


text:
White Bear Lake Township, Pope County, Minnesota

White Bear Lake Township is a township in Pope County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 440 at the 2000 census.

The township was named for White Bear, an Ojibwe chief, who is buried there near a lake shore.

History
The township was surveyed in 1866 and organized in 1869. The Wadsworth Trail from St. Cloud, Minnesota to Fort Wadsworth ran through the township.

White Bear Lake Township contains the city of Starbuck, Minnesota.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.6 square miles (89.6 km$2$), of which 32.7 square miles (84.8 km$2$) is land and 1.9 square miles (4.8 km$2$) (5.38%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 440 people, 162 households, and 131 families residing in the township. The population density was 13.4 people per square mile (5.2/km$2$). There were 234 housing units at an average density of 7.1/sq mi (2.8/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.32% White and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.23% of the population.

There were 162 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.3% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $46,250, and the median income for a family was $49,583. Males had a median income of $29,688 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,864. About 7.3% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under the age of 18 and 18.8% of those 65 and older.


text:
Gem Lake, Minnesota

Gem Lake is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 528 at the 2020 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.14 sqmi, of which 1.08 sqmi is land and 0.06 sqmi is water. Highway 61 serves as a main route. Nearby places include White Bear Lake, Maplewood, Little Canada, and Vadnais Heights.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 393 people, 155 households, and 115 families living in the city. The population density was 363.9 PD/sqmi. There were 161 housing units at an average density of 149.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.1% White, 5.1% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 155 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.8% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 49.5 years. 19.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17% were from 25 to 44; 42.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.7% male and 47.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 419 people, 139 households, and 111 families living in the city. The population density was 378.7 PD/sqmi. There were 145 housing units at an average density of 131.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.79% White, 1.19% African American, 2.63% Asian, 0.72% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races.

There were 139 households, out of which 44.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.1% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.40.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $64,167, and the median income for a family was $82,909. Males had a median income of $39,583 versus $28,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,750. About 1.8% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Gem Lake, Minnesota


text:
Lauderdale, Minnesota

Lauderdale is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 2,379 at the 2010 census. Lauderdale is part of the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area and is bordered by Minneapolis, St. Paul, Roseville, and Falcon Heights. Along with Roseville, it is one of two cities to be bordered directly by Minneapolis and St. Paul.

History
Originally named Rose Hill, Lauderdale was part of the larger Rose Township, named after trader Isaac Rose. Rose Township included parts of what are now Roseville, Falcon Heights, Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Saint Anthony Village and Lauderdale. In 1871, Rose Hill's first school opened when Heman Gibbs of Gibbs Farm Museum fame donated the land for the school.

The Village of Lauderdale was incorporated on January 21, 1949. It was named after William Henry Lauderdale, a prominent Twin Cities businessman who donated land to Rose Hill Township for a school and park.

Education
Lauderdale is served by the Roseville Area School District (ISD 623). Part of the Luther Seminary campus is within Lauderdale's city limits.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.42 sqmi, all land.

Minnesota Highway 280 serves as a main route in the community.

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,379 people, 1,130 households, and 530 families residing in the city. The population density was 5664.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,202 housing units at an average density of 2861.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 71.1% White, 5.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 19.3% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.

There were 1,130 households, of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.1% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 31.5 years. 17.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 39% were from 25 to 44; 20% were from 45 to 64; and 10% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,364 people, 1,150 households, and 550 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,597.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,169 housing units at an average density of 2,767.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 78.55% White, 4.91% African American, 0.47% Native American, 12.90% Asian, 0.38% from other races, and 2.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.58% of the population.

There were 1,150 households, out of which 19.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.1% were non-families. 39.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.9% under the age of 18, 16.3% from 18 to 24, 38.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,063, and the median income for a family was $52,813. Males had a median income of $33,542 versus $31,059 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,293. About 3.4% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: Lauderdale, Minnesota


text:
Little Canada, Minnesota

Little Canada is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. It is a second-ring suburb of Minneapolis-Saint Paul. The population was 10,819 at the 2020 census.

History
In 1844, French Canadian settler Benjamin Gervais moved north from Saint Paul to claim land in order to build the first grist mill in Minnesota that was independent from the government. Today, the large lake on the east side of Little Canada bears his name (Lake Gervais). The grist mill was converted into a park, which is recognized as the birthplace of the city. Little Canada began as the township of New Canada in 1858. In the 1950s, the township was threatened by the suburban sprawl of the ensuing larger communities that were formed, such as Maplewood. In 1953, the city leaders came together and established the village of Little Canada. It became a city in 1974.

Canadian ties
The city displays the Canadian influence in its history in several ways. Its official symbol is an initial LC on a white fleur-de-lis with a red maple leaf background, and the Canadian flag is displayed in council chambers.

In early August, the city hosts an annual celebration, Canadian Days, with its sister city Thunder Bay, Ontario, in Canada.

Sister city

 * 🇨🇦 Thunder Bay, Ontario since 1977

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.48 sqmi, of which 3.89 sqmi is land and 0.59 sqmi is water.

Interstate Highway 35E, Interstate Highway 694, and Minnesota Highway 36 are three of the main routes in the city. Nearby places include Maplewood, Roseville, Shoreview, Vadnais Heights, White Bear Lake, and Saint Paul.

Little Canada has a number of parks and trails, including Pioneer Park, Spooner Park, Gervais Mill Park, Nadeau Wildlife Park, and the upcoming Veterans Memorial Park.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,773 people, 4,393 households, and 2,361 families living in the city. The population density was 2512.3 PD/sqmi. There were 4,689 housing units at an average density of 1205.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 74.6% White, 6.6% African American, 0.5% Native American, 13.1% Asian, 2.7% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% of the population.

There were 4,393 households, of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.3% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the city was 39.7 years. 19.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.4% were from 25 to 44; 29.3% were from 45 to 64; and 14.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,771 people, 4,375 households, and 2,393 families living in the city. The population density was 2,445.8 PD/sqmi. There were 4,471 housing units at an average density of 1,119.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.38% White, 4.20% African American, 0.58% Native American, 6.68% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.90% from other races, and 2.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.29% of the population.

There were 4,375 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.3% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,609, and the median income for a family was $61,082. Males had a median income of $41,205 versus $31,689 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,624. About 4.6% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Little Canada is a Minnesota "Plan-A" (Council/Administrator) statutory city with a five-member council including the mayor. Little Canada elects its mayor every two years in each statewide general election. Council members are elected at-large in a staggered cycle, two every two years. Terms are four years and also occur during statewide general elections.

Education
Little Canada is served mostly by the Roseville Area School District (ISD 623) with a small section of the city north of Interstate 694 served by the White Bear Lake School District. The two schools within city limits are Little Canada Elementary and Roseville Area Middle School.

title: Little Canada, Minnesota


text:
Maplewood, Minnesota

Maplewood is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 42,088 at the 2020 census. Maplewood is ten minutes' drive from downtown Saint Paul. It stretches along the northern and eastern borders of Saint Paul.

Maplewood is home to the corporate headquarters and main campus of 3M Corporation. The city is also home to the Maplewood Mall and St. John's Hospital.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 17.99 sqmi, of which 16.98 sqmi is land and 1.01 sqmi is water.

U.S. Highway 61, Minnesota Highway 36, and Interstate Highways 35E, 94, 694, and 494 are six of the main routes in the city.

The city has a unique shape, extending 5.9 miles east to west and 10 miles north to south, with a 7.5-mile-long, nearly one-mile-wide southern leg. The origin of the Maplewood name is unclear, when organized the area was largely prairie and oak savanna. "There are no maple trees in Maplewood" according to the director of the local historical society.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 38,018 people, 14,882 households, and 9,620 families living in the city. The population density was 2239.0 PD/sqmi. There were 15,561 housing units at an average density of 916.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 75.5% White, 8.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 10.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.4% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.2%.

Of the 14,882 households 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.4% were non-families. 29.1% of households were one person and 12.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.08.

The median age was 39.3 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.7% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 34,947 people, 13,758 households, and 9,190 families living in the city. The population density was 2,017.5 PD/sqmi. There were 14,004 housing units at an average density of 808.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 72.6% White, 8.0% African American, 0.4% Native American, 10.4% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.2% of the population.

Of the 13,758 households 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.0% of households were one person and 11.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.04.

The age distribution was 24.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median household income was $51,596 and the median family income was $63,049. Males had a median income of $43,033 versus $30,557 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,387. About 3.0% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

The current city council includes the following five members:

Economy
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are:

Notable people

 * Jim O'Brien (born 1989), professional ice hockey player for the Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers
 * Audra Morrison (born 1994), professional ice hockey player for the Minnesota Whitecaps
 * Allie Thunstrom (born 1988), professional ice hockey player for the Minnesota Whitecaps

title: Maplewood, Minnesota


text:
New Brighton, Minnesota

New Brighton is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. It is a suburb of the Twin Cities. The population was 23,454 at the 2020 census.

History
In the mid 18th century, Mdewakanton Dakota tribes lived in the vicinity of New Brighton's marshy lakes, harvesting wild rice. The Dakota eventually settled a village near Long Lake at Rice Creek and a smaller encampment just east of Silver Lake Road on 3rd Street NW. Immigrants from Britain and France settled a small village in 1858 that included a general store, a school, and a mission church. As railroads were established in the area, millers in Minneapolis formed the Minneapolis Stockyards and Packing Company in 1888. The company supplied home, agriculture, and business needs. The venture included Minneapolis figures such as streetcar magnate Thomas Lowry, flour millers John Sargent Pillsbury, Senator William D. Washburn, ex-Minneapolis Mayor W.H. Eustis, and industrialist W.H. Dunwoody. As the village grew in prominence, it was incorporated on January 20, 1891. The city was given the name New Brighton after Brighton, Massachusetts. The founding population was primarily English-American. Each August, a city festival, Stockyard Days, celebrates this heritage at Long Lake Park.

As the streetcar system expanded in the early 20th century, immigrant and first-generation groups from Eastern Europe and Germany began moving outward from Northeast Minneapolis. New Brighton and St. Anthony residents also continue to celebrate this ethnic heritage with an annual Polka Dance Party which began in 1892.

In the 1920s, a local farmer said he heard a rumor that bootleggers had buried gold bars along Long Lake's eastern shore. The rumor spread and launched a mini "gold rush" along Long Lake to find the treasure.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.06 sqmi, of which 6.46 sqmi is land and 0.60 sqmi is water. Rice Creek flows through the northern part of the city.

New Brighton is at the intersection of Interstate Highways 35W and 694. It is geographically incongruent. From north to south it is not even, and east to west it is even in only a few places. A piece of the city sits on the east side of Interstate 35W isolated from the rest of the city.

Nearby places include Arden Hills, Shoreview, Roseville, Saint Anthony Village, Columbia Heights, Fridley, Mounds View, and Minneapolis.

New Brighton is part of east–central Minnesota's glacial plain sandpile, which was flattened by glaciers during the most recent glacial advance. During the last glacial period, massive ice sheets at least 0.62 mi thick ravaged the landscape of the town and sculpted its current terrain, which can be easily seen in Long Lake Regional Park. The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago. These glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. Since New Brighton's landscape is still recovering from the weight of the glaciers and going through post-glacial rebound and the turmoil this created, the landscape is poorly drained, which has created the numerous lakes and rivers in the city. Long Lake itself is the remnants of the glaciers, as it was a chunk of ice that was left behind, melted, and created the lake in the hole it occupied.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 21,456 people, 8,915 households, and 5,731 families residing in the city. The population density was 3321.4 PD/sqmi. There were 9,479 housing units at an average density of 1467.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.2% White, 4.1% African American, 1.4% Native American, 4.8% Asian, 2.2% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population.

There were 8,915 households, of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 40.7 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.5% were from 25 to 44; 27.2% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 22,206 people, 9,013 households, and 5,903 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,343.9 PD/sqmi. There were 9,121 housing units at an average density of 1,373.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 88.19% White, 3.02% African American, 2.62% Native American, 3.38% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.84% from other races, and 2.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.77% of the population.

There were 9,013 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $52,856, and the median income for a family was $68,724. Males had a median income of $45,291 versus $32,021 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,574. About 3.3% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government
New Brighton has a council/manager form of government. The City Council meets the second and fourth Tuesdays of the month at New Brighton City Hall. Meetings are open to the public and are televised live on New Brighton's Government-access television (GATV) cable TV channel 16.

Education
Four public schools are in New Brighton: Bel Air Elementary School, Sunnyside Elementary, Highview Middle School, and Irondale High School; additionally, until 2005, when it was converted into a community education center, there was a fifth public school in New Brighton: Pike Lake Kindergarten Center, now known as Pike Lake Education Center. All these schools are part of the Mounds View Public Schools (District 621).

Nearby private high schools attended by residents include Totino-Grace in Fridley, Minnehaha Academy in Minneapolis, and Breck School in Golden Valley. High school students in a portion of eastern New Brighton attend nearby Mounds View High School. A small fraction of New Brighton students attend Wilshire Park Elementary and Saint Anthony Village Middle and High Schools in nearby Saint Anthony Village, as part of New Brighton is served by ISD 282.

title: New Brighton, Minnesota