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Miami Springs, Florida

Miami Springs is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of 2020, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 13,859.

History
The city was founded by Glenn Hammond Curtiss, "The Father of Naval Aviation", and James Bright, during the famous "land boom" of the 1920s and was originally named "Country Club Estates". It, along with other cities in Miami-Dade County such as Coral Gables and Opa-locka, formed some of the first planned communities in the state. Like its counterparts, the city had an intended theme which in its case, was to reflect a particular architecture and ambiance.

In this case it was a regional style of architecture called Pueblo Revival developed in the American Southwest, primarily New Mexico, and incorporating design elements of pueblo architecture. Other buildings incorporated Mission-style design. In fact, the original Hotel Country Club was designed to resemble a pueblo village.

Shortly prior to incorporation in 1926, the city was renamed after a spring located in the area which provided parts of Miami with fresh water until the mid-1990s.

Geography
Miami Springs is located northwest of downtown Miami at 25.81973°N, -80.29107°W. It is bordered to the northeast by the city of Hialeah and to the southwest by the village of Virginia Gardens. U.S. Route 27 runs parallel to the Miami Springs/Hialeah border. It leads east 6 mi to its southern terminus at U.S. Route 1 in Wynwood, Miami, and northwest 4 mi to Hialeah Gardens. To the south Miami Springs is bordered by Miami International Airport.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Miami Springs has a total area of 3.0 sqmi. 2.9 sqmi of it are land and 0.1 sqmi of it (3.55%) are water.

The core of Miami Springs (excluding the more recently annexed areas) is roughly shaped as a triangle with three definable sides. Northwest 36th Street forms most of the southern boundary, while the Miami River canal forms the northern/eastern boundary. Finally, the Ludlam Canal and Florida East Coast Railroad Yard delimit the western boundary.

Surrounding areas

 * Hialeah
 * Medley [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] Miami
 * Unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Virginia Gardens [[Image:Left.svg|20px]]  [[Image:Right.svg|20px]] Hialeah, Miami, Unincorporated Miami-Dade County
 * Unincorporated Miami-Dade County [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] Unincorporated Miami-Dade County
 * Virginia Gardens, Miami International Airport

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 13,859 people, 5,245 households, and 3,204 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 13,809 people, 4,988 households, and 3,437 families residing in the city.

2000 census
In 2000, 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.16.

In 2000, the city population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $56,892. Males had a median income of $37,176 versus $30,823 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,963. About 6.9% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language made up 63.21% of residents, and English accounted for 35.49% of the population. Other languages spoken as the main language were well below 1.00%.

History
Miami Springs was founded by an aviation pioneer, and thus, the fate of the city has always been intertwined with the aviation industry, particularly since Miami International Airport (MIA) is located just south of the city on the southern border of NW 36th Street. The airline industry brought many residents from airline crew bases, as well as employment opportunities at the airport, which brought much prosperity to the city. This dependence, however, left the city vulnerable. The sudden 1991 collapses of both Eastern Airlines and Pan American World Airways left many Miami Springs residents unemployed and unable to afford living in the neighborhood. Given that the businesses in Miami Springs had always relied upon the large disposable incomes of the employees of the large airline carriers, the bankruptcy of both corporations in the same year created a chain reaction, eventually causing many small businesses to close their doors. Despite the closure of the airlines, from a residential standpoint, Miami Springs remained strong. The city is often seen as blessedly isolated from the perceived turbulence of the rest of Miami-Dade County. This has continued to provide ample replacements for the older residents who are lost over time. Nonetheless, the legacy of the airline closures remains. Residential millage taxation rates hover near the state mandated maximum.

Economy
The Consulate-General of Bolivia in Miami is located in Suite 505 at 700 South Royal Poinciana Boulevard in Miami Springs.

Significant historical landmarks
Curtiss Mansion is a Pueblo style home that belonged to city founder Glenn Curtiss. Beginning in the late 1970s, the house was subject to vandalism and a number of fires.

Fair Haven Nursing Home is one of the oldest buildings in Miami Springs and is built in the pueblo style favored during the initial development. The building was designed by architect Bernard E. Muller. It was designated a Miami Springs Historic Site in 1984.

Back in 1927, Fair Havens Retirement Center was Miami Springs founder Glenn Curtiss’ masterpiece. But it was never added to the National Registry of Historic Places, according to documents obtained from the U.S. Department of Interior’s National Park Service by Miami Herald reporter Theo Karantsalis. [Miami Springs landmark sold for $29 million. Its historic designation is in question

A simple timeline of events:
 * 1926 - Country Club Estates incorporated
 * 1927 - Hotel Country Club officially opened
 * 1930 - Miami-Battle Creek Sanitarium opened
 * 1942 - Sanitarium leased to US Army
 * 1945 - Sanitarium reopens
 * 1959 - Miami-Battle Creek Sanitarium becomes The Palm Spa
 * 1962 – Renamed Fair Havens Center
 * 2020 - Fair Havens sold. Miami Herald shows site not deemed historic.

Before becoming a nursing home, the building served as the Hotel Country Club. The hotel was built by Glenn Curtiss and partners, and was intended to promote the development of the then-new Country Club Estates. It was furnished in a Southwestern style, with Navajo rugs on the floor and handcrafted solid mahogany furniture. In 1929, after the crash, Curtiss sold the hotel to his friend John Harvey Kellogg, who renamed it the "Miami Battle Creek Sanitarium" and operated for many years. During World War II, it served the Air Transport Command as a hospital for recuperating military personnel. Later it became a home for the elderly, which it still is today.

A 'Virtual Tour of Historic Miami Springs' can be done on the City of Miami Springs website: https://www.miamisprings-fl.gov/tour

Education
The city of Miami Springs is served by a sizeable number of public and private educational institutions.

The city is part of the Miami-Dade County Public Schools System (M-DCPS), and all public schools under this system follow guidelines set forth by the Florida Department of Education. Miami Springs is served publicly by:
 * Miami Springs Senior High School
 * Miami Springs Middle School
 * Miami Springs Elementary School
 * Springview Elementary School

Two charter schools serve Miami Springs:
 * Glenn Curtiss Elementary AIE Charter School (Academy for International Education) provides K–8 education.
 * ISAAC Academy (Integrated Science and Asian Culture) provides K–8 education.

Private schools in Miami Springs are largely provided by local religious institutions:
 * All Angels Episcopal Church operates All Angels Academy for children of a similar age group.
 * Blessed Trinity Catholic School of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami is located in nearby Virginia Gardens, and provides K–8 education.
 * Grace Lutheran Church operates Grace Lutheran Learning Center for children of a similar age group.

title: Miami Springs, Florida


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Naranja, Florida

Naranja is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. Many orange groves were once located in this area, so the community name came from the Spanish word for orange, naranja, though the pronunciation among the local residents is "Na-Ran-Jah". Naranja was also a stop for the Florida East Coast Railroad that once ran through this area. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 13,509 at the 2020 census, up from 8,303 in 2010.

Geography
Naranja is located 25 mi southwest of downtown Miami at 25.51667°N, -80.41667°W (25.5174, -80.4217). It is bordered to the north and east by Princeton and to the south by Leisure City, and the city of Homestead is 5 mi to the southwest.

U.S. Route 1 (Dixie Highway) runs along the northwest edge of the community. The Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike touches the southeast corner of the community, with partial access from Exit 6 (Tallahassee Road) and full access from Exit 5 (Biscayne Drive) in Leisure City.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Naranja CDP has a total area of 1.7 sqmi, of which 1.5 sqmi are land and 0.2 sqmi, or 10.99%, are water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 13,509 people, 3,365 households, and 2,798 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 8,303 people, 2,081 households, and 1,537 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,034 people, 1,196 households, and 875 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,654.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,630 housing units at an average density of 1,072.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 32.99% White (12.7% were Non-Hispanic White), 57.54% African American, 0.42% Native American, 1.39% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 3.89% from other races, and 3.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.97% of the population.

As of 2000, there were 1,196 households, out of which 48.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.4% were married couples living together, 36.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.73.

In 2000, in the CDP, the population was spread out, with 39.5% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 14.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.7 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $18,825, and the median income for a family was $19,443. Males had a median income of $22,614 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,346. About 42.3% of families and 50.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 62.7% of those under age 18 and 19.8% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 66.25% of residents, while Spanish made up 28.14%, French Creole was at 4.64%, and Tagalog was the mother tongue of 0.95% of the population.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates area public schools.

Dr. William A. Chapman Elementary School, which opened in 1976, serves the Naranja community, and is located in the CDP. Also serving the Naranja community is, Coconut Palm K-8 Academy, which replaced the former Naranja Elementary School. This school is located approximately 3 miles from the former Naranja Elementary School.

Young Men's Academy for Academic and Civic Development (YMAACD) at Miami Douglas MacArthur Senior High School South (MacArthur South), an alternative school, was scheduled to move to the Naranja area for the 2009-2010 school year, in the location of the former Naranja Elementary School. The name has since been changed to Miami Macarthur Educational Center.

Miami MacArthur South Senior High School is also in the CDP. This is a public, alternative school located in Naranja, Florida. It has approximately 107 students in grades 6-12 with a teacher student ratio of 5-1. According to state test scores, at least 10% of the students are proficient in math and 10% in reading.

Notable people

 * Jamal Carter (born 1994), American football player

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Naranja, Florida


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Norland, Florida

Norland, also known as Norwood, is a former census-designated place located in northern Miami-Dade County, Florida. The population was 22,995 at the 2000 census. The latest estimated population stands at 23,500. In 2003 the majority of this CDP was incorporated into the city of Miami Gardens, and it now serves as one of the city's neighborhoods.

Geography
Norland is located at 25.94694°N, -80.21083°W (25.947070, -80.210939).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.5 km2. 9.3 km2 of it is land and 0.1 km2 of it (1.10%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 22,995 people, 6,966 households, and 5,315 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,459.4 /km2. There were 7,399 housing units at an average density of 791.3 /km2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 13.00% White (7.7% were Non-Hispanic White,) 79.52% African American, 0.15% Native American, 1.08% Asian, 2.18% from other races, and 4.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.94% of the population.

There were 6,966 households, out of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 28.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.68.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,242, and the median income for a family was $38,648. Males had a median income of $27,459 versus $24,350 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,718. About 12.7% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.6% of those under age 18 and 17.9% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, before being annexed to Miami Gardens, English as a first language was spoken by 74.87% of all residents, and French Creole accounted for 12.92%, Spanish was at 10.19%, and French as a mother tongue made up 1.02% of the population.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates area public schools. Schools in the former Norland CDP include:
 * Secondary
 * Miami Norland High School
 * Norland Middle School
 * Elementary
 * Hibiscus Elementary School
 * Norland Elementary School
 * Norwood Elementary School
 * Parkway Elementary School

title: Norland, Florida


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North Bay Village, Florida

North Bay Village is a city located in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 8,159.

Geography
North Bay Village is located at 25.84557°N, -80.15354°W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.837 sqmi. 0.3322 sqmi of it is land and 0.5048 sqmi of it is water. The total area is 60.31% water. The city consist of three islands; Harbor Island, North Bay Island and Treasure Island. The islands are located in Biscayne Bay between Miami and Miami Beach along the 79th Street Causeway.

Surrounding areas

 * Biscayne Bay
 * Biscayne Bay [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] Biscayne Bay
 * Biscayne Bay, Miami [[Image:Left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Right.svg|20px]] Biscayne Bay, Miami Beach
 * Biscayne Bay [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] Biscayne Bay
 * Biscayne Bay

Early years
Prior to 1940, most of what is now North Bay Village lay beneath the waters of Biscayne Bay. The only dry land was Broadcast Key, a 5 acre island from which pioneer radio station WIOD began broadcasting in 1926.

Today, television station WSVN-TV maintains its headquarters at this same site, now joined with Treasure Island. WIOD moved inland during the mid-2010s.

In 1940, dredging and bulk-heading created North Bay Island. By 1941, palm-lined streets had been laid out, and 12 homes had been built and occupied. Today, the island has grown into a neighborhood of single-family residences.

During the mid-1940s, dredging and filling created Harbor Island and Treasure Island. Harbor Island is composed primarily of multi-family buildings. Treasure Island, whose street names were drawn from Robert Louis Stevenson's novel Treasure Island, is a mixture of single-family dwellings on the westerly end and multi-family dwellings on the eastern end.

1945-2022
North Bay Village was incorporated in 1945. Harbor and Treasure Islands were annexed several years later. Broadcast Key, also known as Cameo Island, was annexed in 1963. During its early years, North Bay Village was primarily a haven for winter residents.

The City became widely known for its popular restaurants and nightclubs, which attracted celebrities like Frank Sinatra and Judy Garland. Dean Martin had a nightclub in North Bay Village in the late 1960s and early 1970s called Dino's. It was next to Jilly Rizzo's club, Jilly's.

Most of today's residents live in the village year-round.

Most construction in North Bay Village since the year 2000 has been in the development of high-rise luxury condominium buildings such as the 360 condominium, Space 01 Condo, Eloquence on the Bay, and Grandview Palace Marina.

2023-Present

The revitalization of a city. A new group of luxury new developments are underway such as 7918 West Ave and Shoma Bay (which will include a Publix on the ground floor) Other luxury residential and mixed-used construction projects by Sunbeam (Channel 7), Continuum Village, 7940 West Ave, 7915 West Ave are planned to be in development soon. The city has also made exciting public-private development agreements with Argentine Futbol Association (AFA) to build a local soccer academy and dramatically improve the public fields at Treasure Island Elementary. Further development of The Island Walk has begun; The Island Walk is a pedestrian walkway that will span over 2 miles along the city’s waterfront.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,159 people, 3,398 households, and 1,861 families residing in the city.

2010 census
As of 2010, there were 4,572 households, out of which 26.4% were vacant.

2000 census
In 2000, 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.7% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.5% were non-families. 38.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.85.

In 2000, the city population was spread out, with 16.8% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 42.0% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $34,354, and the median income for a family was $37,931. Males had a median income of $31,740 versus $27,234 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,017. 12.9% of the population and 7.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.6% of those under the age of 18 and 9.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language was spoken by 53.30%, while English accounted for 33.40%, Portuguese was 9.11%, French at 1.35%, and Italian was at 1.16% of the population.

Economy
Among the companies based in North Bay Village are the cable channels GOL TV. WSVN - Sunbeam Television Corporation. WIOD Radio, had been based at North Bay Village for years before being consolidated with other radio facilities in Broward County. Signage for WIOD can still be seen on the building to the east of WSVN-TV, (WCKT) the Fox affiliate for the region. WSVN (WCKT) has maintained its studios in North Bay Village since 1956. North Bay Village is often labeled the "Radio City of South Florida" due to its broadcasting legacy. (WIOD and WSVN (WCKT) began as affiliates of NBC.)

In recent years, North Bay Village has been opening restaurants in the surrounding area to increase quality of the city and generate more revenue.

Government
The village maintains its own police department. Carlos Noriega is currently the Chief of Police. There are (4) Commissioners and (1) Mayor. Current Commissioners are Andy Daro, Goran Cuk, Richard Chervony, and Rachel Streitfeld. Mayor is Brent Lathem.

City hall is located at 1666 John F. Kennedy Causeway, North Bay Village, Florida.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools is the local school district. Treasure Island Elementary School is in the village. In addition to Treasure Island it serves Normandy Island and the north Bay Causeway Islands. Miami Beach Nautilus Middle School and Miami Beach Senior High School serve North Bay Village.

title: North Bay Village, Florida


text:
North Miami, Florida

North Miami is a suburban city located in northeast Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, about 10 mi north of Miami. The city lies on Biscayne Bay and hosts the Biscayne Bay Campus of Florida International University.. Originally the "Town of Arch Creek", the area was incorporated as the "Town of Miami Shores", which was renamed the "Town of North Miami" in 1931. It was reincorporated as a city in 1953. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida.

The city is also home to the Oleta River State Park, which is the state's largest urban park.

, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 60,191. North Miami is the seventh largest city in Miami-Dade County.

Early history
In the final phase of Indian inhabitation of the area that eventually became "North Miami", United States Army soldiers in 1856 cut a Military Trail through nearly impassable thickets and rivers connecting Fort Lauderdale to Fort Dallas at the mouth of the Miami River. This eight-foot trail, Dade County’s first roadway, crossed a unique natural bridge—a natural limestone bridge spanning 40 ft across the creek that no longer stands in Arch Creek Memorial Park—in an area that would attract a settlement that early on would be known as "Arch Creek". Even before 1890, a handful of adventuresome pioneers spent brief periods around the Arch Creek Natural Bridge, a centuries-old Indian settlement.

In 1891, Mr. Ilhe was the first to put down roots in the Arch Creek vicinity. He purchased 80 acre from the State of Florida at one dollar an acre in the area of today’s N.E. 116th Street and Biscayne Boulevard. The place was so remote that his nearest northern neighbor was thought to live in Ft. Lauderdale. Mr. Ihle built a temporary palmetto frond shelter. During the next 27 years he grew shallots, coontie, squashes, bananas, sugar cane, Puerto Rican pineapples, lemons, guavas, limes, rose apples, Jamaican apples, and tomatoes.

By 1905 the area surrounding the nine-year-old Arch Creek Railroad Depot had become the community’s hub. It was located at 125th Street and the F.E.C. tracks. That year a post office and a school were opened nearby. By 1912, eighteen homes, a church, a general store, a blacksmith shop, and two tomato packing houses were located around the railroad. The population was estimated at less than one hundred. Farming was still the principal occupation.

The Florida land boom that was underway in the 1920s spread to the Arch Creek farming community. The Biscayne Canal was dug in 1924 to remove farmland from flooded conditions. But as a consequence, the soil began to lose its moisture, and the farming which had been the backbone of the economy was no longer profitable. However, in step with the times, this drained land became available for partitioning, lot sales, and development.

Birth of North Miami
Thirty-eight out of the forty-seven registered voters, at the encouragement of developers E.C. Harner, Earl Irons, and Arthur Griffing, showed up and voted to incorporate into a town on February 5, 1926. North Miami, between 1926 and 1931, was named "Town of Miami Shores", partially because its early eastern boundary was the Atlantic Ocean. The Town limits were: bounded on the south by Miami and Miami Beach, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by 17th Avenue, and on the north by a line which approximates Golden Glades Drive or 166th Street. Incorporation moved costs from developers to residents and lot purchasers. Late in 1926, a bond issue of $287,000 was passed to build streets, sidewalks, a town hall, a water system, and fire protection.

The devastating September 1926 hurricane burst the real estate land speculation. The local community recovered from the damage, but lot sales came to a stop, and the northern tourist's names showed up in great numbers on the delinquent tax list. Some money from the bond issue was used to build a Spanish-Mediterranean style city hall building at N.E. 8th Avenue and 125th Street in 1928. The City Hall also housed the police and fire departments. In the 1930s a new water plant and gravity tank were installed behind City Hall. The first newspaper, The Miami Shores Bulletin, was published in 1927–1928 and chronicled the events of the times. The historic William Jennings Bryan school was constructed in 1928 on the same spot where the Arch Creek Elementary School had burned down the year before.

The 1930s
Seven miles (11 km) of Atlantic oceanfront beachland property from the Broward County line southward to Surfside were removed from the town limits as a result of a 1931 Florida Supreme Court decision. The 1926 hurricane ended plans for a causeway to deliver municipal services to that area of town. With no services being received, the beach area instituted a lengthy court lawsuit to separate and form their own community.

The wealthy Shoreland Company, located to the south of the Town, lobbied the 1931 Florida Legislature to officially grant their huge development the name "Village of Miami Shores". The Legislature did so. It also passed an official act abolishing "Town of Miami Shores" as a name. The next step was for the local population to choose a new name. The municipality was renamed the "Town of North Miami".

During the Depression years, in 1933, Mrs. Cecille Sevier and Mrs. Ella S. Klefeker became the first two women elected to the Town Council. The 1940s census stated that 1,973 inhabitants lived in the "Town of North Miami".

Post World War II growth
At the end of World War II in 1945, the large and constant influx of former military veterans and their young families changed the face of North Miami by ushering in a great growth period. Homebuilding, road building, shops, stores, and office business construction now continued for decades almost without stopping. By 1951 it was reported nationally that North Miami was one of the fastest-growing towns in the United States. During this time, the growing community needed a high school, so in 1951 construction started for North Miami High School. In August 1954, North Miami High School opened its doors for the children of the growing community.

Partially to meet this challenge of fast growth, the voters of North Miami in 1952 voted to adopt a new charter and a new name. The new charter, enacted as an official statute of the Florida Legislature on May 27, 1953, provided for the establishment of a full-time administrative head (City Manager form of government) to carry out the policies of the elected Mayor/Council. The new and present name officially introduced on this date—the City of North Miami.

North Miami is known for its large Haitian-American population. In 2001, voters made Republican Josaphat Celestin the first Haitian American mayor of a large Miami-Dade County community. In 2009, voters made Democrat and Haitian immigrant Andre Pierre mayor of North Miami. In 2013, voters made Haitian American Lucie Tondreau the city's first female Haitian-American Mayor; she soon left office following about being criminally charged. In 2014, voters made Haitian immigrant Dr. Smith Joseph mayor of North Miami. In 2019, voters made Philippe Bien-Aime, who was born in Haiti and migrated to the US in 1993, mayor of North Miami.

Geography
North Miami is located at 25.89502°N, -80.18575°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.0 sqmi. 8.5 sqmi of it is land and 1.5 sqmi of it (15.32%) is water.

Climate
North Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Summers are very hot and long lasting with very warm nights with very plentiful and heavy rainfall. Winters are short, warm, and dry.

Surrounding areas

 * Golden Glades, North Miami Beach
 * Opa-locka Up arrow left.svg Up-1.svg Up arrow right.svg Sunny Isles Beach
 * Westview Left.svg Right.svg Sunny Isles Beach, Biscayne Bay, Bay Harbor Islands
 * Westview Down arrow left.svg Down arrow.svg Down arrow right.svg Biscayne Bay
 * Pinewood, Unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Biscayne Park

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 60,191 people, 19,529 households, and 12,828 families residing in the city.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 58,786 people, 18,554 households, and 12,768 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of 2000, 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.51.

In 2000, the city the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $29,778, and the median income for a family was $31,760. Males had a median income of $25,388 versus $20,712 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,581. About 20.7% of families and 23.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.5% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, residents who spoke English as a first language were 35.50% of the population, French Creole 33.28%, Spanish 24.89%, and French 2.69% of the population.

Ethnic groups
North Miami has a middle class Haitian American population; many Haitians moved from the inner city of Miami to North Miami.

Government
North Miami is governed using the council-manager system. The mayor and the city clerk are elected at large. There are four districts each electing one member of the council. The council has authority over the manager.

Economy
Yogen Früz has its United States East Coast offices in North Miami.

Transportation
In December 2004, the city of North Miami implemented a free community bus service called the NoMi Express, in order to increase the number of local destinations that can be reached through public transit. Since its inauguration in December 2004, the NoMi Express averages approximately 750 boardings per day, which translates to 16,000 boardings per month, or 190,000 boardings annually. The county-wide Metrobus system also serves North Miami.

Museums

 * The Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) is a museum located in the heart of downtown North Miami, Florida. The 23000 sqft structure was designed by the internationally acclaimed architect Charles Gwathmey of Gwathmey Siegel, New York City, who worked in conjunction with the Miami firm of Gelabert-Navia to create the building.
 * The Miami Auto Museum displays a large collection of classic cars, Hollywood cars, mini cars, scooters, motorcycles and bicycles from the collection of Michael Dezer.

State parks

 * The Oleta River State Park is the largest urban park in the Florida State Park system. The park is located on 1043 acre - 993 acre of land and 50 acre of inland water - on Biscayne Bay, in the northeastern end of the city of North Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and adjoins the Biscayne Bay Campus of Florida International University. In some documents, the park is designated as the Oleta River State Recreation Area. The park contains one of the largest concentrations of Australian pine trees (an invasive species) found in a Florida state park.

 * The Arch Creek Park was formally dedicated on April 25, 1982. Today, Arch Creek is an 8 acre site at the junction of N.E. 135th Street and Biscayne Boulevard in North Miami, Fla., and offers many opportunities for botanical, historical and archaeological study. It has a museum/nature center modeled after an early Florida pioneer home, displaying Indian artifacts dug from the grounds, and live animals from the nearby hammock. Remains of the original coontie mill are still visible across the creek, and the park exists as the only preserved archaeological site in the county.

Chinatown
Chinatown is a 90-acre planned revitalization district located on NW 7th Avenue that as of 2019 was still under construction. As of 2020, the project was under some jeopardy due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting anti-Asian sentiment.

Biscayne Landing
Biscayne Landing is a mixed use commercial/hotel/residential community being developed on the site of the Munisport Landfill Superfund Site. The city of North Miami will retain ownership of this brownfield site, and the developers, Boca Developers, will retain a 200-year lease for the development of the project.

The master-planned development will feature approximately 120000 sqft of commercial office and retail space, 2,800 to 5,000 residential units, a park and recreation facilities. As part of the development agreement for the site, the project's developer has also committed to renovating the city's library and building a school, Olympic training facility, and affordable housing on several sites located in North Miami. Completion of all elements of the project are projected by 2021.

A portion of the Biscayne Landing site includes some of the wetlands of Biscayne Bay, which will be preserved in the form of a 35 acre environmental park, containing nature hikes, jogging paths, information plaques that describe the resident wildlife and trees, benches, a canoe landing and a boat house. It will also have connecting trails to Oleta River State Park. This area is the site of a former trash dump and is the home to a large sewage treatment plant nearby.

In 2009, Biscayne Landing was reeling in the real estate downturn. Most of the units in the two buildings online were uninhabited; very few were selling. There is little actual construction on any other project related to their contractual obligations under a redevelopment agreement with the city of North Miami.

Recently the now defunct Biscayne Landing was acquired by the Soffers (Aventura Mall Developers) and LeFranks and together are building SoleMia. This development will be over 1 million square feet and is the largest mixed-use construction project in the U.S.

Primary and secondary schools
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves North Miami.

Elementary schools

 * Benjamin Franklin Elementary School
 * Biscayne Gardens Elementary School
 * Gratigny Elementary
 * North Miami Elementary School
 * Natural Bridge Elementary School
 * W. J. Bryan Elementary School

Middle schools

 * Thomas Jefferson Middle School
 * North Miami Middle School

K–8 centers

 * David Lawrence Jr. K–8 Center
 * Linda Lentin K–8 Center

High schools

 * Alonzo and Tracy Mourning Senior High Biscayne Bay Campus
 * North Miami Senior High School
 * MAST@FIU BBC

Private schools

 * Northwest Christian Academy
 * Holy Cross Lutheran School
 * Yeshiva Toras Chaim
 * Miami Union Academy SDA
 * Montessori School of North Miami
 * Get Smart Kids Academy

Colleges and universities

 * Florida International University (Biscayne Bay Campus)

Public libraries
The North Miami public library is the city's library. While over the years the county wide Miami-Dade Public Library System has taken over the libraries of most of the cities in the county, the North Miami public library has remained independent. The North Miami Public Library was first opened in 1932 by the Biscayne Park Woman's Club. When the library first opened it was located at the City of North Miami's town hall under the supervision of E.May Avil the City Clerk. The library was closed during World War II and it was reopened in September 1945 in the same location at the town hall and still under the supervision of the City Clerk E. May Avil. At this time the library was funded by donations and member fees. "In 1948 the Biscayne Park Woman’s Club turned the library over to the city of North Miami and in 1949 a public referendum established a free Public Library under provisions of the Florida Statutes, setting up a Library Fund and a Library board to administer the operation. Twin sisters, Mrs. Edla Lunden and Mrs. Alma Anderson, were appointed as Librarian and Assistant Librarian, respectively". After the twins retired, Miss Phyllis Gray served from 1955 to 1959 as the library's first professional Librarian. Today Lucia M. Gonzalez is the current Library Director. In the fall of 2003 the North Miami Public Library's Director signed a Reciprocal Borrowing Agreement with the public library directors of the cities of North Miami Beach, Hialeah and the Miami-Dade Public Library System thereby allowing their patrons free access to the participating libraries. Today the library is undergoing a $1.5 million renovation and the main building is closed to the public, limited library services are available from an annex building next to the main building. The library re-opening is planned for some time in June or July 2015. Library information can be accessed at the library's website.

Recipients for Key to the City
All past recipients to the "Key to the City" for North Miami:
 * 2012 Kim and Kourtney Kardashian
 * 2013 Gregory Toussaint (Pastor)
 * 2018 Eduardo Padron (President of Miami Dade College)

title: North Miami, Florida


text:
North Miami Beach, Florida

North Miami Beach (commonly referred to as NMB) is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The City of North Miami Beach is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. Originally named "Fulford-by-the-Sea" in 1926, after Captain William H. Fulford of the U.S. Coast Guard, the city was renamed "North Miami Beach" in 1931. The population was 43,676 at the 2020 US census.

History
The first non-indigenous settlement was platted in 1881, and was called Fulford-By-The-Sea.

In the 1920s, Carl G. Fisher built an all-wooden racetrack with stands for 12,000 spectators, known as the Fulford–Miami Speedway. This event, held on February 22, 1926, dubbed the Carl G. Fisher Cup Race, was a forerunner to the auto races at Sebring and Daytona. In September 1926, after just one race, the track was destroyed by the 1926 Miami Hurricane.

The hurricane of 1926 essentially ended the South Florida real estate boom, and in an effort to alleviate their losses and the damage to the city, local residents came together as the Town of Fulford. In 1927, it was incorporated as the City of Fulford.

Geography
The approximate coordinates for the City of North Miami Beach is located in northeastern Miami-Dade County at 25.93028°N, -80.16694°W.

It is bordered to the southeast by the city of North Miami, to the southwest by unincorporated Golden Glades, to the west by the city of Miami Gardens, to the north by unincorporated Ojus, to the northeast by the city of Aventura, and to the east across the Intracoastal Waterway by the city of Sunny Isles Beach.

U.S. Route 1 (Biscayne Boulevard) runs through the east side of the city, leading south 11 mi to downtown Miami and north 14 mi to Fort Lauderdale. Interstate 95 runs along the northwest border of the city, with access from Exit 12.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.37 sqmi. 4.4 sqmi of it are land and 0.53 sqmi of it (9.78%) are water.

Although the North Miami Beach boundaries once stretched to the Atlantic Ocean, the city no longer has any beaches within its limits. They are now a short distance away, within the city of Sunny Isles Beach across the Intracoastal Waterway.

Climate
North Miami Beach has a tropical climate, similar to the climate found in much of the Caribbean. It is part of the only region in the 48 contiguous states that falls under that category. More specifically, it generally has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification: Af), bordering a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification: Am).

Surrounding areas

 * Miami Gardens, Ives Estates, Ojus, Aventura
 * Miami Gardens [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] Sunny Isles Beach
 * Miami Gardens, Unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Golden Glades [[Image:Left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Right.svg|20px]] Ojus, Aventura, Sunny Isles Beach
 * Golden Glades [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] North Miami
 * Golden Glades, North Miami

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 U.S. census, there were 43,676 people, 13,617 households, and 9,548 families residing in the city.

As of the 2010 U.S. census, there were 41,523 people, 13,681 households, and 9,462 families residing in the city.

2000 census
As of 2000, 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 44.3% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.44.

As of the census of 2000, there were 40,786 people, 13,987 households, and 9,804 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,174.9 PD/km2. There were 15,350 housing units at an average density of 1,194.9 /km2. The racial makeup of the city was 46.68% White (24.8% were Non-Hispanic White), 38.97% African American, 0.29% Native American, 4.04% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 4.61% from other races, and 5.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.02% of the population.

As of 2000, there were 13,987 households out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.44.

In 2000, the city the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $31,377, and the median income for a family was $35,047. Males had a median income of $26,278 versus $22,110 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,699. About 18.4% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.1% of those under age 18 and 18.2% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, English was the first language for 38.50% of all residents, while Spanish accounted for 31.97%, French Creole 19.32%, French 2.33%, Chinese 1.55%, Portuguese 1.20%, Hebrew 0.87%, Russian 0.65%, Yiddish 0.56%, and Italian 0.52% of the population.

As of 2000, North Miami Beach had the fourth highest percentage of Haitian residents in the US, with 19.9% of the US populace. It had the forty-seventh highest percentage of Colombian residents in the US, at 2.83% of the city's population, and the sixty-seventh highest percentage of Cuban residents in the US, at 4.92% of the city's population. It also had the sixtieth most Dominicans in the US, at 2.39% (tied with Virginia Gardens,) while it had the twenty-ninth highest percentage of Bahamians (tied with Munford, Alabama,) at 1.1% of all residents. North Miami Beach's Jamaican community had the twenty-first highest percentage of residents, which was at 5.5% of all residents. It's also home to the twenty-eighth highest percentage of Peruvian residents in the US, at 1.8% of the population (tied with Richmond West.)

North Miami Beach has a middle class Haitian American, Chinese American, and Jewish American community who were born in the U.S. or abroad.

Chinatown
Despite Asians making up only 3.41% of North Miami Beach's population as of 2020, the city's main commercial artery along NE 167th street converging into North Miami Beach Boulevard and then becoming 163rd street, has taken the unofficial name of "Chinatown" due to the large concentration of Asian owned and operated businesses in the area. The area has been referred to unofficially as "Chinatown" since the early 1990s by both locals and North Miami Beach city officials. As of late, even Miami-Dade County officials have begun to reference the area as Chinatown. Local guides and Miami websites have called 163rd street Miami's unofficial Chinatown.

Attractions
Attractions in the vicinity of North Miami Beach include a line of popular Atlantic Ocean beaches, Ancient Spanish Monastery, Oleta River State Park, Greynolds Park, East Greynolds Park, Fulford-by-the-Sea Monument, and Aventura Mall.

North Miami Beach's has a historic 12th century medieval Spanish monastery, the St. Bernard de Clairvaux Church. This stone building around a patio, the cloisters of the Monastery of St. Bernard de Clairvaux, was built in Sacramenia, Segovia, Spain in the 12th century. It was purchased by William Randolph Hearst in the 1920s, dismantled and shipped to the United States, and reassembled after Hearst's death in North Miami Beach in the 1950s. It is a tourism attraction and a popular spot for weddings.

Parks and recreation
In 1966, a major accomplishment was the completion of the tennis complex and two community centers, Victory Park and Uleta Community Center.

In 1968, the Washington Park Community Center was built, and the Allen Park Youth Center was completed in 1973.

North Miami Beach expanded its parks in the 1980s as a result of the city commission making strides to benefit the community.

The city now has the Judge Arthur I. Snyder Tennis Center. It includes twelve lighted clay Hydrogrid tennis courts, six lighted lay-kold hard tennis courts, four racquetball courts, and two paddleball courts. The center also has a clubhouse and pro-shop, a picnic area, and lounge and shower facilities.

Government and infrastructure
North Miami Beach is governed by a commission-manager system in the form of a Mayor, Commission, and a professional City Manager. In this type of a government, commission members are the leaders and policy makers in the community. This form of government was implemented in 1958, after a new charter was voted on.

The mayor is elected citywide and serves up to two consecutive two-year terms.

There is an elected mayor and six-member city commission, with the city manager, city clerk, and city attorney being appointed positions that are responsible for implementing the policies of the city commission.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Miami field office was previously in North Miami Beach. It moved to Miramar on December 8, 2014.

In 1993, in an effort to promote neighborhood stability throughout the city, North Miami Beach built a state-of-the-art police station and redeveloped infrastructure in the Government Center neighborhood.

The bond program Proud Neighborhoods took place in September 2000 and had 67 different projects. This allowed for the improvement of streets, sidewalks, lighting and landscaping in every neighborhood of the city. It took five years but it brought substantial improvements.

In the wake of the nearby Surfside condominium building collapse on June 24, the city stepped up building inspections and enforcement, and on July 2, condemned a 10-story condominium, Crestview Towers.

Primary and secondary schools
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves North Miami Beach.

Public elementary schools
 * Fulford Elementary School
 * Greynolds Park Elementary School
 * Madie Ives Elementary School
 * Oak Grove Elementary School
 * Ojus Elementary School
 * Sabal Palm Elementary

Public middle schools
 * Highland Oaks Middle School
 * John F. Kennedy Middle School

Public high schools
 * Alonzo and Tracy Mourning Senior High Biscayne Bay Campus
 * Dr. Michael Krop Senior High School
 * North Miami Beach Senior High School

Prior to the opening of North Miami Beach High and Krop, students from North Miami Beach were assigned to Miami Beach High School and Miami Norland High School.

Private schools
 * Yeshiva Toras Chaim
 * Beth Jacob High School
 * Allison Academy
 * Toras Emes Academy Klurman Elementary School
 * Young Leaders Academy K–8
 * Fulford Christian Academy

Colleges and universities

 * Nova Southeastern University – North Miami Beach Campus

Public libraries
North Miami Beach Public Library (NMB Library), also referred to as the Lafe Allen Public Library, is a 23,000 square foot facility located at 1601 NE 164th Street in North Miami Beach, Florida. The library's collection currently contains over 60,000 items, including both fiction and non-fiction materials, DVDs, audio books, compact discs, newspapers, magazines, and foreign language materials. Digital services include access to e-materials and reference resources, such as Florida Electronic Library, Newsbank, Reference USA, World Book, NoveList Plus, and more.

In 1959, the North Miami Beach Library was initially opened inside of a storefront on NE 163rd Street as a branch of the Miami-Dade Public Library System (then known as the City of Miami Library system). This location was relocated and expanded to two storefronts at the corner of NE 19th Avenue and NE 169th Street the following year. In 1961, however, the city ended its attachment with the City of Miami Library system and became an independent library. During this time, the library was merely a staff of two. The staff had a minor budget of 25,000 to build the collection for the library. After residents of the City of North Miami Beach voted to build a permanent location for the library in 1964, a new building was constructed on 164th Street and opened in 1965. Renovations to this facility in 1981 and 1994 grew the branch from its original 10,000 square feet to make room for the library's expanding collection. The last reservation took place in 1994 and granted the facility its current dimensions at over 23,000 square feet.

The NMB Library offers a variety of services to the residents of North Miami Beach, such as access to study and meeting rooms, employment resources, early literacy programs, voter registration forms, citizenship materials, and passport assistance. Computers, printers, copiers, scanners, and fax machine services are also available. The library's dedicated teen area, known as the Discovery District, is a space specifically designed to provide library patrons aged 13–19 with a place to read, study, or work on school projects. Access to computers, 3D printers, virtual reality, and zSpace for educational and recreational purposes is also provided.

Notable people

 * Garcelle Beauvais, actress and television personality
 * Andrea Bocelli, Italian tenor
 * Johnathan Cyprien, NFL safety
 * Louis Delmas, former NFL safety
 * Paul Gleason, film and television actor
 * Max Jean-Gilles, former NFL guard
 * MC Jin, rapper, actor, and comedian
 * Larry Kahn, tiddlywinks player
 * Marlins Man, sports fan and lawyer
 * Brad Meltzer, novelist, non-fiction writer, TV show creator, and comic book author
 * Cheryl Patton, Miss Florida USA 1967, Miss USA 1967
 * Sheryl Sandberg, technology and business executive, philanthropist, and writer
 * Jonathan Zaslow, sports radio show host

title: North Miami Beach, Florida


text:
Ojus, Florida

Ojus is a census-designated place and formerly incorporated town in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 19,673 at the 2020 census, up from 18,036 in 2010.

History
People have been living in the Ojus area for thousands of years. Paleo-Indians have been documented in South Florida dating back to over 13,000 years ago. Archaeologists have uncovered ancient sites at Arch Creek and along the Oleta River. According to archaeologist Robert Carr, although the largest Tequesta settlement was located at the mouth of the Miami River, by 750 BCE approximately 100 Native Americans routinely inhabited the local area which was just a one-hour canoe trip north of the main settlement. The Oleta River, which cuts through Ojus, was one of the Tequesta's primary "roadways" for millennia. Subsequent people, to include Seminoles, European explorers, and early settlers, would also use the Oleta River to traverse from Miami to the New River in Ft. Lauderdale.

During the late nineteenth century, settlers established farms along the Oleta River. These settlers grew peas, beans, sugar cane, and tomatoes. Seminoles set up a trading post near present-day Greynolds Park to conduct business with the Ojus settlers. In 1897, Albert Fitch named the area "Ojus" after the Seminole word for "plenty" or "lots of". After the turn of the century, rock was discovered in the area that was ideal for road building. Many of the neighborhood lakes were created during the early part of the twentieth century to support the construction of the area's infrastructure.

State representative Graham W. King lived in Ojus.

Voters initially approved the Town of Ojus on 4/12/1926 only to have this set aside by the state supreme court due to invalid boundary specifications. A second vote for incorporation was approved by voters on 8/31/1926. In 1927, the Town of Ojus was abolished by the state as a municipal government and re-established as a municipal corporation, along with other charter changes. In 1929, a court upheld the city council's refusal of the mayor's order for a charter election. Subsequently the state passed a bill calling for the abolishment of the town, which was rejected by voters. In 1931, the state abolished the Town of Ojus with voter approval on 7/15/1931. A court rescinded this on 10/26/1933 due to the outstanding debt associated with the town. The town was dissolved on 8/8/1935 after the state again abolished the town with voters approving on 8/6/1935. This time, the state was explicit regarding the handling of, and a mechanism to eliminate, the town's debt.

Two landmarks were created in the early part of the twentieth century, but only one survives. In 1925, Carl Fischer constructed the Fulford–Miami Speedway in the present-day Sky Lake neighborhood. The wooden race track was then billed as the world's fastest. It was unfortunately destroyed by the devastating 1926 hurricane. One of the region's most notable features, Greynolds Park, was established in 1936 as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) "New Deal" programs. The park was named after Mr. A.O. Greynolds, owner of the Ojus Rock Company, who donated 110 acre of his property in exchange for naming the park after him. Over the years, the park has expanded to include a golf course and a boathouse, and even hosted popular musical acts during the 1960s such as the Grateful Dead. Greynolds Park was declared a historic site in 1983.

On June 6, 2006, the Ojus Urban Area District (OUAD) was formed as a result of recommendations in the Ojus Charrette Report  to plan for the future of the Ojus Area in response to a request for a planning report for Ojus.

In 2018, county referendum 6 narrowly failed to form a new municipality from portions of Ojus, Skylake and Highland Lakes.

Geography
Ojus is located in northeastern Miami-Dade County at 25.95667°N, -80.15806°W (25.956720, -80.157917), 15 mi north-northeast of downtown Miami. Its northern boundary is the Broward County line. Ojus is bordered in Miami-Dade County by Aventura to the east, North Miami Beach to the south, and Ives Estates to the west, while neighboring Broward County communities are Pembroke Park to the northwest and Hallandale Beach to the north.

Interstate 95 forms the western border of the community and provides access via Exit 16 (Ives Dairy Road). U.S. Route 1 (Biscayne Boulevard) runs parallel to the eastern border, just inside the Aventura city limits.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Ojus CDP has a total area of 3.16 sqmi, of which 2.65 sqmi are land and 0.51 sqmi, or 16.14%, are water. The Oleta River drains the east side of the community. Elevation ranges from 0 to 12 ft above sea level.

It is in the Eastern Standard Time Zone.

Surrounding areas

 * [[Image:Up-1.svg|20px]] Hallandale Beach
 * [[Image:Right.svg|20px]] Aventura
 * [[Image:Down arrow.svg|20px]] North Miami Beach
 * [[Image:Left.svg|20px]] Ives Estates

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 19,673 people, 6,690 households, and 4,257 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 18,036 people, 6,263 households, and 4,138 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 16,642 people, 7,089 households, and 4,345 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5,973.2 PD/sqmi. There were 8,035 housing units at an average density of 2,883.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 85.09% White (59.5% were Non-Hispanic White), 7.05% African American, 0.13% Native American, 1.74% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.08% from other races, and 2.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.60% of the population.

As of 2000, there were 7,089 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. Of all households, 33.1% were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.98.

In 2000, in the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.0 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $33,294, and the median income for a family was $41,693. Males had a median income of $34,773 versus $28,781 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,392. About 11.1% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 47.42% of residents, while Spanish made up 32.70%, Russian was at 3.35%, Yiddish was at 2.96%, Hebrew at 2.92%, and the mother tongue of French Creole was 2.41% of the population's speakers. Both Portuguese and French tied with 2.11% of the populace. Arabic made up 0.74% of speakers, while both Chinese and German were spoken by 0.55% of all residents. Also, both Greek and Hungarian were a mother tongue of 0.52% of the population.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates public schools. Ojus Elementary School is in Ojus. Students are zoned to Krop High School.

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami operates Catholic schools. St. Lawrence K-8 School is in Ojus.

Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School is in Ojus.

title: Ojus, Florida


text:
Olympia Heights, Florida

Olympia Heights is a census-designated place in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is located in the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 12,873 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Olympia Heights is located 11 mi west-southwest of downtown Miami at 25.72639°N, -80.345°W (25.726379, -80.345073). It is bordered to the north by Westchester, to the northwest by Coral Terrace, to the east by Glenvar Heights, to the south by Sunset, and to the west by Westwood Lakes.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.1 sqmi, of which 2.7 sqmi are land and 0.4 sqmi, or 11.51%, are water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,873 people, 4,085 households, and 3,257 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 13,488 people, 3,793 households, and 2,932 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,452 people, 4,157 households, and 3,487 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4,941.5 PD/sqmi. There were 4,231 housing units at an average density of 1,554.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.50% White (22.3% were Non-Hispanic White), 0.83% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.91% Asian, 2.46% from other races, and 2.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 76.33% of the population.

As of 2000, there were 4,157 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.2% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.1% were non-families. 12.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22 and the average family size was 3.41.

In 2000, in the CDP, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $50,720, and the median income for a family was $54,533. Males had a median income of $34,382 versus $23,406 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,198. About 5.4% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 80.44% of residents, while English as a mother tongue made up 19.55% of the population.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Olympia Heights.

Blue Lakes Elementary School is in Olympia Heights. Blue Lakes Elementary school's address is 9250 SW 52nd Terrace, Miami, FL 33165. Olympia Heights Elementary School is located in University Park CDP, adjacent to Olympia Heights. Olympia Heights Elementary school's address is 9797 SW 40th St, Miami, FL 33165.

Southwest Miami High School is located in Olympia Heights.

Private schools in Olympia Heights include Gulliver Pinecrest Preparatory School Miller Drive Campus, Florida Christian School, and King's Christian School. Pinecrest Preparatory opened in 1996.

Florida International University, as of the 2020 U.S. Census, is in the Westchester census-designated place. In the 1990 U.S. Census it was in the Olympia Heights CDP.

title: Olympia Heights, Florida


text:
Opa-locka, Florida

Opa-locka is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. Spanning roughly 4.1 square miles, it is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 16,463, up from 15,219 in 2010.

Opa-locka was founded in 1926 by American aviator and industrialist Glenn Curtiss, who was inspired by the Middle Eastern folk tales of the One Thousand and One Nights. As such, the city has the largest collection of Moorish Revival architecture in the Western Hemisphere, and many of its roads bear names such as Sharazad Boulevard, Sinbad Avenue, Sabur Lane, Sultan Avenue, Ali Baba Avenue, Perviz Avenue, and Sesame Street.

The name Opa-locka is an abbreviation of a Seminole place name, Opa-tisha-wocka-locka, meaning "wooded hummock", "high, dry hummock", or "a big island covered with many trees and swamps".

History
Opa-locka was founded in 1926 by aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss, who had retired to become a real estate developer during the nascent Florida land boom. The city's unique "Arabian" or "Moorish" architectural theme was executed by American architect Bernhardt E. Muller, who had designed several Mediterranean and Spanish-style homes in nearby Miami in 1923. There are various accounts regarding how Opa-locka came to adopt its iconic architectural style. Curtiss had met Muller in 1925 at the suggestion of Curtiss' mother, Lua Andrews Curtiss. Muller is said to have viewed Opa-locka as an opportunity to create a new community based on an architectural theme from a literary work; he was particularly inspired by the exoticism and splendor of the One Thousand and One Nights, also known in English as the Arabian Nights. By some accounts, Muller met with Curtiss on the site of the future city to describe his concept for an architectural design inspired by individual stories of the Arabian Nights; other sources indicate that Curtiss was inspired by his own reading of Arabian Nights, or by the 1924 film The Thief of Baghdad, which was adapted from the story.

Opa-locka's overall design and layout was conceived by New York planner and architect Clinton McKenzie, who drew heavily from the contemporary "Garden City Movement", which called for satellite communities centered on residences, industry, and agriculture but connected to a central hub and interspersed with greenbelts. Opa-locka became a self-contained community with a hotel, zoo park, golf course, archery club, swimming pool, airport, and train station. On May 14, 1926, it was officially chartered as a town by 28 registered voters, although much of it remained under construction.

Opa-locka was largely spared by the Great Miami hurricane that devasted much of South Florida in September 1926. While the storm ended the Florida land boom and reduced the influx of residents and capital, the town continued to develop; by the end of the year, at least 62 buildings were complete and another 31 were under construction. Ultimately, a total of 86 to 105 buildings were built in the "Neo-Moorish" or Moorish Revival style that had first emerged in Europe and North America in the late 19th century; common characteristics included onion-shaped domes, minarets, crenelated parapets, Saracenic arches, watchtowers, mosaic tile, and outdoor spiral staircases. Several Moorish-style buildings have survived, of which twenty are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Opa-locka Thematic Resource Area.

On January 8, 1927, as part of an effort to drive growth and generate interest, Opa-locka held its inaugural "Arabian Nights Fantasy", which included dignitaries such as Florida Governor John Martin. Many residents dressed in Arabian-styled theatrical costumes shipped down from New York. The festivities also marked the opening of Opa-locka train station—billed as the "grand Vizier of the Sheikdom of Opa-locka"—and the inaugural run of the Seaboard Airline Railroad's famous "Orange Blossom Special", a deluxe passenger train that would run from New York to Miami in winter. Though largely promotional in its origins, the Arabian Nights Fantasy has since become an annual event centered on promoting civic pride and community.

In 1933, the U.S. Navy opened a base at the Opa-locka Airport, which helped drive the city's growth. With the closure of the base in the 1950s, Opa-locka experienced a decline.

In the 1980s, Opa-locka transitioned from majority white to majority African American and was seen as a pioneer in black empowerment in northern Dade County, where neighboring cities (North Miami, North Miami Beach, Miami Gardens, and Golden Glades) were undergoing a similar racial shift. In 1943, Opa-Locka hired its first black police officer. In 1972, the first black city commissioner was elected, Albert Tresvant, who then went on to serve as the first black mayor of Opa-Locka in 1975.

Opa-locka was the first community in the United States to commemorate the election of Barack Obama as the country's first African American president. A mile-long section of Perviz Avenue—from Oriental Boulevard to Ali Baba Avenue—was renamed "Barack Obama Avenue" on February 17, 2009. In addition to the unique buildings, Opa-locka has a large general aviation airport, three parks, two lakes and a railroad station which is currently the tri-rail station. The city is a mixture of residential, commercial and industrial zones. Opa-locka was the backdrop for several films, including Salesman, Living Dreams, Texas Justice, Bad Boys II, and 2 Fast 2 Furious.

2016 financial emergency
On June 1, 2016, then-Florida Governor Rick Scott issued Executive Order Number 16-135, declaring the City of Opa-Locka to be in a state of "Financial Emergency" under Florida Statute Section 218.503. According to the Executive Order, the Opa-Locka City Commission requested that the governor declare the financial emergency, the state and the City of Opa-Locka were to execute a State and Local Agreement of Cooperation, and the government would appoint a Financial Emergency Board. On the same day, the Miami Herald reported that "Millions of dollars are in arrears as the city teeters on the edge of bankruptcy" and that "city officials remain under an FBI corruption investigation". The article also reported that this financial emergency was the second declared for the city since 2002.

Just over a week earlier, Opa-locka Commissioner Terence Pinder apparently drove his SUV into a tree at high speed, killing himself. He was scheduled to turn himself over to prosecutors the next day, having faced bribery charges.

On June 10, Governor Scott named the Financial Emergency Board. The City of Opa-locka does not have an Audit Committee to help select the public accountant to perform the independent audited financial statements, as required by Florida Statute 218.391(2)

Miami Municipal Airport
Amelia Earhart launched her historic trip around the world from Miami Municipal Airport, established by the city's founder, aviation pioneer Glenn Curtiss, then located in what is now the southern part of Opa-locka.

Opa-locka Airport
The German dirigible Graf Zeppelin visited Naval Air Station Miami, which later became Opa-locka Airport, as a regular stop on its Germany-Brazil-United States-Germany scheduled route.

In the 1950s, the Opa-locka airport—specifically Building 67—became the site of a large CIA operation, PBSuccess, run by operatives including E. Howard Hunt. The operation helped launch the U.S.-led coup in Guatemala in 1954 and was a precursor to the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961. The airfield center then served as a listening post for Cuba until the 82nd Airborne took over Opa-locka Airbase during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Geography
Opa-locka is in northern Miami-Dade County, 12 mi north of downtown Miami and 7 mi west of North Miami Beach. It is bordered to the north by the city of Miami Gardens, to the east by unincorporated Golden Glades, to the south by unincorporated Westview, and to the southwest by the city of Hialeah.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Opa-locka has a total area of 4.5 sqmi. 4.3 sqmi of it are land and 0.2 sqmi of it (3.90%) are covered by water.

Surrounding areas

 * Miami Gardens
 * Miami Lakes [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] Golden Glades
 * Unincorporated Miami-Dade County [[Image:Left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Right.svg|20px]] Golden Glades
 * Hialeah [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] North Miami
 * Hialeah, Westview

2010 and 2020 United States census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,463 people, 5,534 households, and 3,607 families residing in the city.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 15,219 people, 5,843 households, and 3,406 families residing in the city.

2000 United States census
In 2000, 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.4% were married couples living together, 35.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.52.

In 2000, the city's population was distributed as 34.6% under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.

In 2000, $25,000 was the median income for a family. Males had a median income of $22,347 versus $19,270 for females. The per capita income for the city is approximately $15,000. About 31.5% of families and 35.2% of the population are below the poverty line, including 42.3% of those under age 18 and 40.8% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 68.45%, while Spanish made up 28.30%, French Creole 2.78%, and French was at 0.48% of the population.

Government
The city of Opa-locka was incorporated in 1926 and operates under a commission/city manager form of government. The city commission consists of the mayor and four commissioners, who are responsible for enacting ordinances, resolutions, and regulations governing the city, and appointing the members of various advisory boards, the city manager, city attorney, and city clerk. As chief administrative officer, the city manager is responsible for the enforcement of laws and ordinances, and the appointment and supervision of the city's department heads. Municipal services include police, sanitation, water and sewer services, storm water services, maintenance of streets and infrastructure, and recreational activities. The financial reporting entity, under which the financial statements are prepared, includes all the activities and functions for which the city is financially accountable.

The federal government has been investigating the city's government since at least 2013. In 2014, auditors reported that basic bookkeeping was non-existent. The Miami Herald reported the mayor and other officials were using city funds for their own benefit. In 2016, the city manager and public works supervisor were arrested, charged with extortion of money in exchange for city permits. Both quickly pled guilty. The city's water system had been used by city workers as means of collecting money for their own use. In August 2016 the city asked the county to take over the system.

Police
The city is served by the Opa-Locka Police Department. The department has an authorized force of 54 sworn officers and 10 civilian support staff. Since 2022, the chief of police has been Scott Israel, a former Broward County Sheriff who was hired in 2022 to replace acting police chief Michael Steel, who had been in the position since Steve Barreira resigned in late October 2021 after just months on the job. In 2019, Israel In a 2013 editorial, the Miami Herald called the city "crime-plagued" and the police department "deeply troubled". Florida Governor Ron DeSantis suspended Israel from his Broward County position in 2019 (replacing him with Gregory Tony), citing Israel's responses to the Fort Lauderdale airport shooting and the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting.

Crime
In 2004, Opa-locka had the highest rate of violent crime for any city in the United States. Calvin Godfrey wrote, in a 2009 Miami New Times article, that Opa-locka was "mired in crime and sinking fast." He wrote that the police department, whose headcount had decreased from 50 to 16, had been "steadily deteriorating" for the 20-year period leading up to 2009. The Miami New Times received memorandums that, in Godfrey's words, "reveal an agency rife with controversy".

In January 2005, after negative Florida Department of Law Enforcement evaluations of the Opa-locka police force surfaced, the Miami-Dade Police Department sent county commissioner Barbara Jordan a report that projected it would cost $7 million per period to take over the Opa-locka police duties. In 2005, Opa-locka allocated $3.5 million to its officers. Jannie Beverly, Opa-locka's city manager, fired police chief James Wright in January 2008 after he was accused of corruption. In a 2013 editorial, the Miami Herald called the city "crime-plagued" and the police department "deeply troubled".

According to press reports in late 2011, local officer German Bosque led the state in the number of complaints and internal investigations of his activities. In 18 years, he had been the subject of 40 internal investigations, 16 for excessive force. During his career he had been fired five times and arrested three times.

Opa-locka crime statistics reported an overall downward trend in crime based on data from 12 years, with both violent crime and property crime decreasing. Based on this trend, the crime rate in Opa-locka for 2013 was expected to be lower than in 2010.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools serves Opa-locka.

Dr. Robert B. Ingram/Opa-locka Elementary School is located in Opa-locka. North Dade Middle School in Miami Gardens and Hialeah/Miami Lakes Senior High in Hialeah serve the city.

Library
The Opa-locka Branch library is one of the 50 branches included within the Miami-Dade Public Library System. This branch is open to the public on weekdays offering an After School Club and Storytime for children.

Religion
Opa-locka had 30 houses of worship in 1996. During that year, Oscar Musibay of the Miami New Times said, "Like South Beach has hotels, Opa-locka has churches."

Transportation
Opa-locka is served by Opa-locka Executive Airport, owned and operated by the Miami-Dade County Aviation Department. Additionally, Opa-locka is served by Miami-Dade Transit buses and by Tri-Rail via the Opa-locka Station.

In popular culture

 * The sequence in the 1964 James Bond movie Goldfinger in which CIA agent Felix Leiter is tailing Oddjob, who is driving Mr. Solo to the airport, was filmed in Opa-Locka.
 * Opa-locka is featured in the landmark 1969 documentary film Salesman, by the Maysles Brothers.
 * In 1970, Mary Ann Vecchio, a teenaged runaway from Opa-locka, was in Kent, Ohio, on the day of the Kent State shootings on May 4, 1970. The image of Vecchio, kneeling by the body of a slain Kent State student, taken by Greensburg Tribune-Review freelancer John Filo, later won a Pulitzer Prize.
 * Opa-Loka is the title of a song on the 1975 album Warrior on the Edge of Time by the British band Hawkwind.
 * In the 1991 film Soapdish, the leading character, played by Kevin Kline, is a down-and-out actor reduced to drunkenly performing the role of Willy Loman in the play Death of a Salesman at the fictitious "Opa-Locka Dinner Theater."
 * Opa-locka is mentioned in the 1995 action movie The Substitute by a black student who is being disciplined by Tom Berenger.

Notable people

 * Brisco, rapper
 * Harry Wayne Casey, singer
 * Dalvin Cook, NFL player
 * Rohan Davey, NFL player
 * Thad Lewis, NFL player
 * Montel Vontavious Porter, professional wrestler
 * Aurin Squire, playwright

title: Opa-locka, Florida


text:
Opa-locka North, Florida

Opa-locka North is a neighborhood in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It was formerly a census-designated place. The population was 6,224 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Opa-locka North is located at 25.92111°N, -80.26278°W (25.921121, -80.262795).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.9 km2. 5.6 km2 of it is land and 0.3 km2 of it (4.80%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,224 people, 1,502 households, and 1,264 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,107.4 /km2. There were 1,588 housing units at an average density of 282.5 /km2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 20.07% White (5.5% were Non-Hispanic White,) 74.98% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.83% from other races, and 2.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.10% of the population.

There were 1,502 households, out of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 31.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.8% were non-families. 11.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.58 and the average family size was 3.79.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 21.5% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,618, and the median income for a family was $32,283. Males had a median income of $25,777 versus $21,112 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,780. About 17.2% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 19.1% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, before being annexed to Miami Gardens, English as a first language accounted for 75.24% of all residents, while Spanish was spoken by 21.04%, French Creole was at 3.27%, and Jamaican Creole as a mother tongue made up 0.44% of the population.

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates area public schools. Golden Glades Elementary School is in the former CDP. Jann Mann Educational Center, an alternative middle and high school, is also in the former CDP.

Monsignor Edward Pace High School is in the former CDP.

Florida Memorial University (previously Florida Memorial College) is in the former CDP, as is the SEED Foundation Miami School, on the FMU campus. St. Thomas University is also in the former CDP.

title: Opa-locka North, Florida


text:
Palm Springs North, Florida

Palm Springs North is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 5,030 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Palm Springs North is located 18 mi northwest of downtown Miami at 25.93278°N, -80.33278°W (25.932904, -80.332871). It is bordered to the south by the town of Miami Lakes and to the northeast by the unincorporated community of Country Club.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, of which 0.8 sqmi are land and 0.2 sqmi, or 20.50%, are water.

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,030 people, 1,499 households, and 1,284 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 5,253 people, 1,567 households, and 1,443 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,460 people, 1,630 households, and 1,449 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 7,885.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,656 housing units at an average density of 2,391.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.0% White (33.2% were Non-Hispanic White), 0.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 3.2% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races.

As of 2000, there were 1,630 households, out of which 43.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.5% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.1% were non-families. 8.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.49.

In 2000, in the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $62,161, and the median income for a family was $64,428. Males had a median income of $39,886 versus $28,281 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,383. About 3.6% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 15.9% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 6.18% of residents, while English made up 93.82% of the population.

Education
Public schools that serve Palm Springs North are: Private schools that serve Palm Springs North are:
 * Palm Springs North Elementary School
 * Spanish Lake Elementary School
 * Lawton Chiles Middle School
 * American Senior High School
 * Barbara Goleman Senior High School
 * Mother of Our Redeemer Catholic School
 * Dade Christian School

Parks and recreation

 * Norman and Jean Reach Park

title: Palm Springs North, Florida


text:
Palmetto Estates, Florida

Palmetto Estates is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 13,498 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Palmetto Estates is located 15 mi southwest of downtown Miami at 25.61972°N, -80.36167°W (25.619782, -80.361752). It is bordered to the east by the village of Palmetto Bay. It is otherwise bordered by unincorporated communities: Kendal and Richmond Heights to the north, and West Perrine to the south. The western border is the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike. U.S. Route 1 (Dixie Highway) runs along the eastern border.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.44 sqmi, of which 8.29 sqmi are land and 0.16 sqmi, or 1.89%, are water.

2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 13,498 people, 3,854 households, and 3,233 families residing in the CDP.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 13,535 people, 3,918 households, and 3,195 families residing in the CDP.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,675 people, 4,054 households, and 3,344 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,437.3 PD/sqmi. There were 4,187 housing units at an average density of 1,971.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 37.68% White (16.9% were Non-Hispanic White), 48.77% African American, 0.21% Native American, 3.06% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 4.82% from other races, and 5.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.91% of the population.

As of 2000, there were 4,054 households, out of which 45.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.5% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.35 and the average family size was 3.66.

In 2000, in the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $48,338, and the median income for a family was $49,565. Males had a median income of $31,440 versus $26,921 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,701. About 7.8% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 65.94% of residents, while Spanish made up 29.75%, French Creole was at 2.08%, and French was the mother tongue of 0.88% of the population.

title: Palmetto Estates, Florida


text:
Pinecrest, Florida

Pinecrest is a suburban village in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The village is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,388.

Pinecrest is governed by a five-member village council and operates under the council-manager form of government.

History
During the 1900s, Miami pioneer and railroad tycoon Henry Flagler used the property at U.S. 1 and Southwest 102 Street as a staging area during the construction of the Overseas Railroad to the Florida Keys.

In the 1930s, the area's growth continued and the community began to evolve around one of the first tourist attractions established in the Miami vicinity – Parrot Jungle and Gardens. Parrot Jungle was founded in 1936 by Franz and Louise Scherr on property located at Red Road and Southwest 111 Street and over the years has become a tourist attraction whose visitors included Winston Churchill. The idea for Parrot Jungle began after Scherr, who owned and operated a feed and supply store in Homestead, and became intrigued with the idea of building an attraction where birds would "fly free". To bring his vision to life, he rented 20 acre of hammock land for an annual fee of $25 (equivalent to $476.92 in 2021). Parrot Jungle was built as a winding nature trail dug through the coral rock and hammock land, indigenous to the area. All the natural plants were left undisturbed. The entrance was built on Red Road. The attraction opened on December 20, 1936, to about 100 visitors. Each paid 25 cents admission to see and hear Scherr talk about his birds, trees and flowers. Since 1936, Parrot Jungle has attracted over a million visitors. On December 17, 2002, the Village of Pinecrest purchased the Parrot Jungle with the aim of developing the site as Pinecrest Gardens. On March 8, 2003, the Pinecrest Village Council dedicated Pinecrest Gardens and officially opened it to the public as the village's newest municipal park. The attraction moved to a new waterfront location on Watson Island between downtown Miami and Miami Beach. It was relaunched as Parrot Jungle Island.

The Miami Serpentarium, a tourist attraction that featured snakes, lizards and other reptiles and amphibians, was located on US 1 for many decades prior to closing in the mid-1980s.

During the 1950s and 1960s, the area flourished with the development and construction of ranch-style houses on 1 acre lots which laid the foundation for the community's rural and lushly landscaped residential character.

While still an unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County, what is now Pinecrest was the site of the 1986 FBI Miami shootout. The shootout took place near 12201 Southwest 82nd Avenue.

In August 1992, Pinecrest and the surrounding South Miami-Dade area were devastated by the effects of Hurricane Andrew. Many of the homes and businesses in the area were destroyed. In the subsequent years, the area was slowly rebuilt.

Rapid growth and local issues during the 1990s inspired a movement led by residents Evelyn Greer Langlieb and Gary C. Matzner to incorporate the area. The Village of Pinecrest was officially incorporated on March 12, 1996. Evelyn Greer was elected the first mayor and was succeeded, after serving two terms, by Matzner in 2004. The founding village council, including Greer, Cindie Blanck, Barry Blaxberg, Leslie Bowe, Robert Hingston, together with Village Manager Peter G. Lombardi and Village Clerk Guido Inguanzo, are credited with establishing well-regarded municipal services including police, parks and recreation, building and planning services, and public works.

Geography
Pinecrest is located 11 mi southwest of downtown Miami at 25.66667°N, -80.3°W (25.6619, −80.3076). U.S. Route 1 (Pinecrest Parkway) forms the western border of the village. Neighboring communities are Coral Gables to the east, South Miami to the north, Glenvar Heights to the northwest, Kendall to the west, and Palmetto Bay to the south.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 7.54 sqmi, of which 7.45 sqmi are land and 0.09 sqmi, or 1.15%, are water.

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 18,388 people, 5,986 households, and 4,824 families residing in the village.

The population was split by age, with 4.8% under 5 years old, 27.5% under 18, and 17.8% were 65 years and older. 46.3% were female persons.

The median household income was $166,801. 7.7% of the population lived below the poverty threshold. 97.9% of households had a computer, and 95.6% of households had a broadband internet subscription.

29.7% of the population were foreign-born persons. There were 425 veterans living in the CDP.

Government and infrastructure
Miami-Dade Fire Rescue operates Station 49 Pinecrest.

Community projects
Pinecrest's projects since 1996 include the addition of several new parks, development of Wi-Fi technology and beautification projects which included thousands of trees being planted, unique street signs being posted village-wide, and roads being repaved. By planting over 10,000 street trees since 1997, Pinecrest was named a Tree City USA community by the Arbor Day Foundation.

In 2008, the village council dedicated the new Flagler Grove Park and the long-awaited community center at Pinecrest Gardens. The Pinecrest branch of the Miami-Dade County Library System opened adjacent to the community center in October 2008.

Parks
There are five public parks managed by the Pinecrest Parks and Recreation Department:
 * Coral Pine Park — A 9 acre park with a recreation center, six lighted tennis courts, a natural area, an all-purpose field and a tot lot. Coral Pine Park was a former Miami-Dade County park before being transferred to Pinecrest in 1998.
 * Flagler Grove Park — A 3 acre facility with lighted youth soccer fields, a playground, parking and restrooms. As mentioned above, the park was dedicated in 2008.
 * Evelyn Greer Park — A 10 acre park with multipurpose athletic fields, batting cages, a tot lot, and a recreation center and community gazebo with a Wi-Fi spot. Formerly known as Pinecrest Park, it was re-designated on November 9, 2004, in recognition of Pinecrest's first mayor.
 * Suniland Park — A 10 acre park with baseball and football fields, batting cages, a recreation center, basketball courts, a tot lot and a gazebo with a Wi-Fi spot.
 * Veterans Wayside Park — A 4.5 acre park with a freshwater lake and open recreation areas.

Pinecrest Gardens
Pinecrest Gardens has been described as the "crown jewel" of the village's park system. Known as South Florida's Cultural Arts Park, it is a large park featuring over 1,000 varieties of exotic tropical plants and trees. The park landscape features natural streams, sinkholes, caves and fissures. The park also offers various programs including summer camps, and is located on the former site of the Parrot Jungle.

Transportation
Pinecrest is served by Metrobus throughout the area and by Miami Metrorail at the following stations:

 * Dadeland North (SW 70th Avenue and U.S. 1)
 * Dadeland South (Dadeland Boulevard and U.S. 1)

Education
Pinecrest is served by the Miami-Dade County Public Schools system.

Public elementary schools
 * Pinecrest Elementary School – Opened in 1954
 * Palmetto Elementary School
 * Howard Drive Elementary School (Palmetto Bay)

Public middle schools
 * Palmetto Middle School

Public high schools
 * Miami Palmetto High School

Private schools:
 * Bet Shira Congregation
 * Gulliver Preparatory
 * Kendall United Methodist
 * Pinecrest Presbyterian
 * St. Louis Covenant School
 * Temple Beth Am

The Miami-Dade Public Library System operates the Pinecrest Branch.

Miami Hoshuko, a weekend school for Japanese citizens, previously held classes at the Kendall United Methodist Church, now in Pinecrest but formerly in the Kendall census-designated place as of 1990.

Media
The Village of Pinecrest has its own newspaper, The Pinecrest Tribune, which is published bi-weekly and is part of Miami Community Newspapers. The village of Pinecrest is also served by the Miami market for local radio and television.

title: Pinecrest, Florida