text:
Nazlini, Arizona

Nazlini is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The population was 489 at the 2010 census. Nearby are Nazlini Creek and Nazlini Canyon. Nazlini Canyon is the site of many Native American ruins and campsites that were abandoned when erosion made them unusable.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 19.3 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 397 people, 101 households, and 76 families living in the CDP. The population density was 53.1 PD/sqmi. There were 129 housing units at an average density of 17.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 99% Native American and 1% from other races. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 101 households, out of which 45.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 35.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.89 and the average family size was 4.68.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 46.3% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 13.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 19 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $11,484, and the median income for a family was $10,859. Males had a median income of $22,000 versus $10,417 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,036. About 74.1% of families and 73.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 79.5% of those under age 18 and 35.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The entire Nazlini census-designated place is within the Chinle Unified School District, which operates Chinle High School.

Some areas considered to be "Nazlini" that are not in the CDP are served by the Ganado Unified School District. The area is served by Ganado Primary School, Ganado Intermediate School, Ganado Middle School, and Ganado High School.

In addition, the Nazlini Community School, which has a Ganado address, is operated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs's Office of Education Programs.

title: Nazlini, Arizona


text:
Red Mesa, Arizona

Red Mesa is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The population was 480 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 33.3 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 237 people, 78 households, and 52 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 18.6 PD/sqmi. There were 102 housing units at an average density of 8.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 82% Native American, 11% White, 3% Pacific Islander, 2% from other races, with 3% from two or more races. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 78 households, out of which 45% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39% were married couples living together, 26% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32% were non-families. 30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.0 and the average family size was 3.9.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 38% under the age of 18, 9% from 18 to 24, 27% from 25 to 44, 20% from 45 to 64, and 7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 60.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $22,159, and the median income for a family was $22,159. Males had a median income of $25,357 versus $25,938 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,836. About 33% of families and 44% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49% of those under the age of eighteen and 52% of those 65 or over.

Education
The area is a part of the Red Mesa Unified School District. Red Mesa contains the district headquarters. Three district schools, Red Mesa Elementary School (RMES), Red Mesa Junior High School (RMJHS), and Red Mesa High School are in Red Mesa.

Originally the territory was within the Chinle School District. In July 1983 the Red Mesa Unified School District formed, splitting from the Chinle School District.

Red Mesa pottery

The Red Mesa prehistoric pottery type was named for this Arizona area. Made from about, it is a subdivision of Cibola White Ware. Designs are usually banded and can be much busier than earlier types, but simple designs are also common. Pots are usually slipped (often chalky) and polished, but some examples not slipped and not well polished.

Navajo Nation Council delegates

 * Kenneth Maryboy

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Red Mesa, Arizona


text:
Rock Point, Arizona

Rock Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona,  United States. The population was 642 at the 2010 census. Its name is descriptive of the point where Chinle Creek enters high sandstone walls.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 36.7 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 724 people, 168 households, and 150 families living in the CDP. The population density was 52.5 PD/sqmi. There were 229 housing units at an average density of 16.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.8% Native American, 1.7% White, 0.1% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. 0.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 168 households, out of which 64.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 22.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 10.7% were non-families. 8.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.31 and the average family size was 4.63.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 49.0% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 13.3% from 45 to 64, and 3.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 19 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,208, and the median income for a family was $34,500. Males had a median income of $24,671 versus $26,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,320. About 33.2% of families and 37.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education
Rock Point is a part of the Red Mesa Unified School District. Originally the territory was within the Chinle School District. In July 1983 the Red Mesa Unified School District formed, splitting from the Chinle School District.

In addition the Rock Point Community School, which is operated by the Bureau of Indian Education, is in Rock Point.

Furthermore, Rock Point is home to the Navajo Evangelical Lutheran Mission School which serves local Elementary students.

title: Rock Point, Arizona


text:
Rough Rock, Arizona

Rough Rock is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The population was 414 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 33.1 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1300 people, 113 households, and 89 families living in the CDP. The population density was 36.5 PD/sqmi. There were 152 housing units at an average density of 11.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.2% Native American, 2.8% White, 0.6% Asian, and 0.4% from two or more races. 0.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 113 households, out of which 50.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.15 and the average family size was 4.97.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 42.9% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,172, and the median income for a family was $26,484. Males had a median income of $28,068 versus $11,346 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,741. About 23.7% of families and 29.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.2% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The area is served by Chinle Unified School District #24, which operates Chinle High School.

In addition the Rough Rock Community School is a tribal school associated with the Bureau of Indian Education.

Popular culture
The town is mentioned in Judy Collins' "Song For Martin": "In Rough Rock, Arizona, he lived for many years alone. A gangly kid from Colorado, who could sing the sweetest song...."

title: Rough Rock, Arizona


text:
Round Rock, Arizona

Round Rock is a Navajo community and census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The population was 789 at the 2010 census. It is named after a nearby mesa.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 37.2 km2, of which 36.9 km2 is land and 0.3 km2, or 0.68%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 601 people, 144 households, and 127 families living in the CDP. The population density was 42.7 PD/sqmi. There were 242 housing units at an average density of 17.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.7% Native American, with 0.3% White and other races. 0.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 144 households, out of which 56.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 29.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.8% were non-families. 10.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.2 and the average family size was 4.6.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 44.3% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 13.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $16,328, and the median income for a family was $20,833. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $4,688. About 51.9% of families and 57.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.7% of those under age 18 and 64.7% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Almost all of the CDP is a part of the Red Mesa Unified School District, which operates Round Rock K–8 School and Red Mesa High School. Round Rock Elementary/Junior High is located on the Navajo Reservation right off of Arizona State Highway 191. A small portion is within the Chinle Unified School District, which operates Chinle High School.

Originally all of the territory was within the Chinle School District. In July 1983 the Red Mesa Unified School District formed, splitting from the Chinle School District.

title: Round Rock, Arizona


text:
Sawmill, Arizona

Sawmill is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. Sawmill is a part of Fort Defiance Agency, which is on the Navajo Nation. The population was 748 at the 2010 census. It is named after and developed around a sawmill. A trading post has been present since 1907.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 14.96 km2, of which 14.94 sqkm is land and 0.02 sqkm, or 0.14%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 612 people, 161 households, and 123 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 105.3 PD/sqmi. There were 241 housing units at an average density of 41.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.1% Native American, 2.1% White, 0.5% from other races, and 0.3% from two or more races. 1.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 161 households, out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 23.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.7 and the average family size was 4.5.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 40.4% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $12,875, and the median income for a family was $17,386. Males had a median income of $14,375 versus $23,409 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $4,495. About 47.1% of families and 53.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.1% of those under age 18 and 39.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Most of Sawmill is a part of Window Rock Unified School District, while a small part is in the Chinle Unified School District.

Sawmill is served by Window Rock Elementary School, Tse Ho Tso Middle School, and Window Rock High School.

title: Sawmill, Arizona


text:
Springerville, Arizona

Springerville is a town in Apache County, Arizona, United States, within the White Mountains. Its postal ZIP Code is 85938. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 1,961.

Springerville sits at an elevation of 6907 ft above sea level. Along with its neighbor Eagar, the communities make up the place known as Round Valley, which is in the central-eastern part of Arizona close to the New Mexico border.

History

The town that grew around Henry Springer's trading post was officially given its name on May 10, 1876. Before that time it had gone by names such as Colorado Chiquito, Milligan Settlement, and Valle Redondo (Round Valley).

Outlaw Cowboy Ike Clanton, who was present at the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, was shot dead in Springerville on June 1, 1887, by detective Jonas V. Brighton when he resisted arrest on charges of cattle rustling.

Springerville is the home of Arizona's Madonna of the Trail statue, unveiled on September 29, 1928.

The town was incorporated in 1948.

In 1951, Twentieth Century Fox filmed an adaptation of Fred Gipson's novel The Home Place titled Return of the Texan at several locations in and around Springerville.

In June 2011, most of the town was evacuated due to a nearby wildfire some stayed and met with each other alongside residents of Eagar in the round valley dome.

Geography
Springerville is located at 34.13639°N, -109.27917°W (34.136342, -109.279227).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 11.7 sqmi, of which 11.6 sqmi is land and 0.1 sqmi, or 1.4%, is water. Springerville has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,972 people, 753 households, and 499 families residing in the town. The population density was 170.8 PD/sqmi. There were 896 housing units at an average density of 77.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 79.5% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 6.5% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 10.2% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. 25.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 753 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 29.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,769, and the median income for a family was $36,331. Males had a median income of $32,313 versus $19,519 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,830. About 14.7% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 26.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The town is served by the Round Valley Unified School District. The school's mascot is the elk and its school colors are black and gold. The St. Johns Redskins are the school's biggest rival.

Round Valley Primary School is located in the town and serves the town.

Round Valley Intermediate School, Round Valley Middle School, and Round Valley High School serve the town, but are in nearby Eagar. In addition, White Mountain Academy, a K–12 charter school, is located in Eagar.

The high school's football stadium, The Round Valley Ensphere located in Eagar, is the eighth biggest geodesic dome in the world with a diameter of 440 feet / 134 m. The school board voted to give the Dome a pinkish looking color, and it was completed in 1992. It was used as a shelter for evacuees from the Rodeo–Chediski Fire in 2002. Round Valley is the only high school in the world to have a domed stadium.

The first Springerville School House was dedicated September 3, 1884.

In 1969—the Springerville, Eagar, Vernon, Nutrioso, Greer, and Colter Schools consolidated with each other to form the Round Valley Unified School District.

Transportation
The Springerville Municipal Airport is a town-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) west of the central business district of Springerville.

BNSF Railway provides freight service to the Springerville generating station on its Springerville subdivision.

Economy
Tucson Electric Power operates the Springerville Generating Station in Springerville.

Attractions
Casa Malpaís is located near Springerville. It is a nationally recognized archeological site.

The name Casa Malpais means "House built from Malapai", which describes the type volcanic vesicular basalt from which the ancient village was constructed. It is thought that the name was given to the village by early Basque sheepherders. The Springerville volcanic field contains over 400 volcanoes within a 50 mi radius of Springerville, making it the third largest volcanic field in the continental United States.

The first visit to Casa Malpais by a professional anthropologist was in 1883, when Frank Cushing, living at Zuni, visited a site at "El Valle Redondo on the Colorado Chiquito", and was impressed by what he termed "the fissure type pueblo" he found there. In his journal he sketched dry masonry, bridging fissures, upon which the pueblo is constructed.

Unique and unusual features characterize the site. The Great Kiva, painstakingly constructed of volcanic rock, is the centerpiece. A steep basalt staircase set into a crevice of the high red cliff wall leads to the top of the mesa.

Both the Hopi and Zuni people still consider Casa Malpais a sacred ancestral place.

The town contains one of the twelve Madonna of the Trail monuments created by sculptor August Leimbach.

The town is close to the Apache–Sitgreaves National Forests, which run along the Mogollon Rim. It is also close to the Sunrise Ski Resort.

The El Rio opened in 1915, making it the oldest movie theater in Arizona. It was originally called the Apache Theater, until it was changed in 1937 to the El Rio.

Notable people

 * Mark Gastineau, former football player for the New York Jets
 * Alex Madrid, baseball player for the Milwaukee Brewers and Philadelphia Phillies
 * Billie Maxwell, credited with being the first female singer to record country music
 * Jerry D. Thompson, historian of the American Southwest, was born in Springerville.
 * Daniel I. J. Thornton, the governor of Colorado from 1951 to 1955, operated a ranch near Springerville in the late 1930s.

Quotes

 * "I was the one who had Apache county separated from Yavapai. Everything was very high at that time, and I used to haul my goods from Albuquerque to live on. I was hauling goods one time from Henry Springer's store in Albuquerque, and I told Henry Springer he had better come into Round Valley, as it was called then, and put in a store; that the people were coming in and we would name the postoffice and little village after him, Springerville, and that was old Henry Springer."
 * ——James G. H. Colter from History of Arizona, Volume VI

title: Springerville, Arizona


text:
St. Johns, Arizona

St. Johns is the county seat of Apache County, Arizona, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 180, mostly west of where that highway intersects with U.S. Route 191. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 3,480.

History
The location was originally called Tsézhin Deezʼáhí in Navajo, a reference to its rock formations. The site of a useful crossing of the Little Colorado River, it was later called El Vadito (Spanish for "the little crossing") by Spaniards as they first explored the area. Starting in 1864, a trader named Solomon Barth began crossing the area as he moved salt from a salt lake in Zuni territory to Prescott, Arizona. In a poker game in 1873 Barth earned enough money to purchase cattle and enough land in St. Johns to start a ranch with his brothers Nathan and Morris. He changed the name from El Vadito to San Juan. There is some controversy as to whether this was in honor of the first woman resident, Maria San Juan Baca de Padilla, or of the feast of San Juan. William R. Milligan arrived in 1866, followed by Frank Walker in 1870. By 1872 a Spanish-American agricultural community had developed. A stone cabin was erected by Juan Sedilla in 1874. Solomon Barth sold out to Mormon Ammon M. Tenney in 1875 or 1879. A Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints community named Salem and led by David King Udall was established just north of the town under the direction of Wilford Woodruff on March 29, 1880, and then moved to higher ground by Erastus Snow on September 19 of the same year.

St. Johns has been the county seat for almost all of Apache County's history. When the county was created on February 24, 1879, Snowflake was designated the county seat. After the first election in fall 1879, county government was set up in St. Johns, though it was moved again in 1880, to Springerville; in 1882 St. Johns again became the county seat, and it has remained so ever since.

Geography and climate
St. Johns is located in the White Mountains in northeast Arizona. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 67.6 km2, of which 67.1 sqkm is land and 0.5 sqkm, or 0.68%, is water.

The climate is cold semi-arid (BSk) with cold, dry winters and hot summers with relatively greater precipitation via erratic thunderstorms. Large diurnal temperature variations are typical, so warm days are often followed by freezing nights.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,269 people, 989 households, and 805 families residing in the city. The population density was 494.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,392 housing units at an average density of 210.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 80.5% White, 0.4% African American, 6.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.1% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.2% of the population.

There were 989 households, out of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 15.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.19 and the average family size was 3.55.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 35.5% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,215, and the median income for a family was $37,478. Males had a median income of $38,477 versus $24,009 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,331. About 12.5% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Attractions
St. Johns is home to the Apache County Historical Society Museum and has four National Register of Historic Places:
 * Isaacson Building
 * Lower Zuni River Archeological District
 * Lyman Lake Rock Art Site
 * Rattlesnake Point Pueblo

St. Johns is near the Placerias Quarry, the site where dozens of Placerias fossils were discovered in 1930 by Charles Camp and Samuel Welles, of the University of California, Berkeley.

Saint Johns is along the shortest and most scenic route from Phoenix to Albuquerque, New Mexico. Within an hour's drive from St. Johns are Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Petrified Forest National Park, the Painted Desert, and Lyman Lake State Park, as well as Indian reservations such as the Navajo Nation, Fort Apache Indian Reservation, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, and Zuni Indian Reservation.

Annual events

 * Pioneer Days sponsored by the St. Johns Arizona Stake of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
 * San Juan Fiesta sponsored by St. Johns Catholic Church
 * Apache County Fair
 * Christmas Light Parade

Primary and secondary schools
St. Johns is served by the St. Johns Unified School District. The city is served by Coronado Elementary School, St. Johns Middle School, and St. Johns High School. The city is home to the St. Johns Center of Northland Pioneer College.

Public libraries
The Apache County Library District has its headquarters facility and the St. Johns Public Library in St. Johns.

Economy
The Salt River Project operates the Coronado Generating Station near St. John's.

Transportation
BNSF Railway serves the Coronado Generating Station on its Coronado Subdivision.

Notable people

 * Albert Franklin Banta, territorial politician and newspaper editor
 * Rachel Allen Berry, first woman elected to Arizona Legislature
 * Jack A. Brown, Arizona state legislator and rancher
 * Rex E. Lee, U.S. Solicitor General, founding Dean of BYU Law School, President of BYU
 * Eric Shumway, President of BYU Hawaii
 * Brady Udall, writer
 * Don Taylor Udall, state legislator and judge
 * David King Udall, state legislator and politician
 * Ida Hunt Udall, diarist and homesteader
 * Jesse Addison Udall, Chief Justice of Arizona Supreme Court
 * Levi Stewart Udall, Apache County Attorney, Apache County Supreme Court Judge and Chief Justice of Arizona Supreme Court
 * Morris "Mo" Udall, politician, one time candidate for President of the U.S.
 * Stewart Udall, politician, U.S. Secretary of Interior

title: St. Johns, Arizona


text:
St. Michaels, Arizona

St. Michaels is a chapter of the Navajo Nation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The Navajo Nation Government Campus is located within the chapter at Window Rock.

The population was 1,443 at the 2010 census.

Geography
St. Michaels is located on the eastern boundary of the Defiance Plateau. The community is located on the western side of the Black Creek Valley and Black Creek, a north tributary to the southwest-flowing Rio Puerco.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.9 km2, all land.

History
The St. Michaels area is referred to as Ts'ithootso in the Navajo language and translates to "area that extends out in yellow and green." The microclimate was originally referred to by its Spanish translation Ciénega Amarilla (Spanish: "yellow meadow") describing the late summer yellow flowers and grass. The area was first noted by the U.S. military in 1850 when Lt. James Harvey Simpson named it Sieneguilla de Maria, its Spanish name misheard by a non-native speaker.

In the 1850s a planned ambush against local Navajos was thwarted by a man who went on to become a signatory to the Navajo Treaty of 1868. Delgadito (Chách'oshnééz ((“Tall Syphilis”)) successfully alerted Navajos preparing for a prisoner exchange with Mexican slave-holders.

Saint Michael Convent
Construction on the Franciscan Mission began in 1896 using financing from Rev. Mother Katharine Drexel, founder of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament. Rev. Anselm Weber took over construction on October 11, 1897, adopting the name Saint Michaels for the area (from Navajo Tsʼíhootso: "Green Meadow"). St. Michael Parish would be officially founded in 1898.

In 1910, Fr. Berard Haile prepared a Navajo ethnologic dictionary at the Franciscan Mission.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,295 people, 306 households, and 247 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 338.5 PD/sqmi. There were 360 housing units at an average density of 94.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.1% Native American, 7.0% White, 0.1% Black or African American, 0.8% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. 2.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 306 households, out of which 50.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 25.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 13.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.0 and the average family size was 4.5.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 40.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,107, and the median income for a family was $28,839. Males had a median income of $41,964 versus $24,531 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,572. About 20.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 27.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
St. Michaels is a part of Window Rock Unified School District, and is served by Window Rock Elementary School, Tse Ho Tso Middle School, and Window Rock High School.

The community is also served by the Saint Michael Indian School, a K–12 private, Catholic school established by Saint Katharine Drexel in 1902. Saint Michael Indian School is a member of the National Catholic Education Association and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup Catholic School System.

A tribal elementary school that contracts with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), Hunters Point Boarding School, is nearby and has a St. Michaels postal address.

Health care
St. Michaels is served by the Fort Defiance Indian Hospital at Fort Defiance.

title: St. Michaels, Arizona


text:
Steamboat, Arizona

Steamboat is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States, that includes Steamboat Canyon and Steamboat Trading Post. The population was 284 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Steamboat is located in northeastern Arizona on the Colorado Plateau. Natural resources on the Colorado Plateau include coal, uranium, petroleum, and natural gas. Steamboat is located along Arizona State Route 264.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.2 km2, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 233 people, 56 households, and 50 families living in the CDP. The population density was 98.8 PD/sqmi. There were 92 housing units at an average density of 39.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97% Native American, <1% from other races, and 2% from two or more races. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 56 households, out of which 55% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50% were married couples living together, 32% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11% were non-families. 11% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.2 and the average family size was 4.5.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 40% under the age of 18, 13% from 18 to 24, 28% from 25 to 44, 17% from 45 to 64, and 3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 118 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $9,276, and the median income for a family was $9,276. Males had a median income of $0 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $3,767. About 83% of families and 75% of the population were below the poverty line, including 85% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 or over.

Education
Steamboat is served by the Ganado Unified School District.

The area is served by Ganado Primary School, Ganado Intermediate School, Ganado Middle School, and Ganado High School.

Notable people

 * Joe Hosteen Kellwood, Navajo Code Talker, was born in Steamboat Canyon.

title: Steamboat, Arizona


text:
Teec Nos Pos, Arizona

Teec Nos Pos (Navajo: ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. The population was 507 at the 2020 census. It is the western terminus of U.S. Route 64.

History
The community of Teec Nos Pos was originally located several miles to the south of its present location, and was known as Tisnasbas, and so named officially by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1915.

The population has since moved north to the junction of U.S. Highways 160 and 64. In the 1930s, the Indian Irrigation Service constructed two concrete diversion dams on nearby T'iisnazbas Creek. The dams irrigated approximately 400 acre of Navajo farmland. It was renamed Teec Nos Pas in 1960 and Teec Nos Pos in 1983.

Teec Nos Pos is the closest settlement of any size to the Four Corners Monument, which is approximately 7 mi to the northeast.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 37.0 km2, of which 0.03 km2, or 0.07%, is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Teec Nos Pos has a cold desert climate, abbreviated "BWk" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Teec Nos Pos was 106 F on July 12, 2021, while the coldest temperature recorded was -18 F on January 3, 1974.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 799 people, 227 households, and 182 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 56.1 PD/sqmi. There were 317 housing units at an average density of 22.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.5% Native American, 1.0% White, 0.1% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. 1.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 227 households, out of which 49.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 30.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.52 and the average family size was 4.02.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 41.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $17,188, and the median income for a family was $27,083. Males had a median income of $21,023 versus $14,464 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,229. About 41.5% of families and 43.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.6% of those under age 18 and 78.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
The United States Postal Service operates the Teec Nos Pos Post Office.

Education
The area is a part of the Red Mesa Unified School District. The city is served by Red Mesa K-8 School and Red Mesa High School.

Originally the territory was within the Chinle School District. In July 1983 the Red Mesa Unified School District formed, splitting from the Chinle School District.

The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) operates the T'iis Nazbas Community School, a K-8 school, in Teec Nos Pos. A building for the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School was dedicated in 1962. In 1962 the school had 353 students. In 1963 there were plans to build 17 additional classrooms as well as a cafeteria, two dormitories, and a multipurpose room, and housing for employees. The capacity, after the additions, would be over 1,000. In 1991 the Teec Nos Pos school facility lacked fire alarms and other fire protection systems.

title: Teec Nos Pos, Arizona


text:
Tsaile, Arizona

Tsaile is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States, on the Navajo Nation. The population was 1,205 at the 2010 census.

Tsaile is the home of the main campus of Diné College (formerly Navajo Community College), a tribally controlled community college. It has seven other campuses across the Navajo Nation.

Tsaile Public School (Grades K-8) is located in Tsaile. Students attend Chinle High School in Chinle, Arizona, for high school, which is about 25 miles away via Navajo Route 64.

Geography
Tsaile is located approximately 29 mi east of Chinle, just outside the boundaries of Canyon de Chelly National Monument.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 15.5 km2, of which 15.4 sqkm is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 0.88%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,078 people, 244 households, and 200 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 179.5 PD/sqmi. There were 345 housing units at an average density of 57.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.3% Native American, 3.6% White, 0.1% Black or African American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. 1.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 244 households, out of which 55.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 27.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.0% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.98 and the average family size was 4.57.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 38.8% under the age of 18, 19.5% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 14.8% from 45 to 64, and 2.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $17,500, and the median income for a family was $16,513. Males had a median income of $35,469 versus $21,818 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,259. About 59.7% of families and 63.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 72.3% of those under age 18 and 70.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The area is served by Chinle Unified School District#24.

Tsaile Elementary School is located in Tsaile. Residents go to schools in Chinle for middle and high school, including Chinle High School.

Tsaile is the home of the main campus of Diné College (formerly Navajo Community College), a tribally controlled community college with seven other campuses across the Navajo Nation.

title: Tsaile, Arizona


text:
Window Rock, Arizona

Window Rock, known in Navajo as Tségháhoodzání, is a city and census-designated place that serves as the capital of the Navajo Nation, the largest Native American tribe by both land and tribal enrollment. The capital lies within the boundaries of the St. Michaels Chapter, adjacent to the Arizona and New Mexico state line. Window Rock is the site of the Navajo Nation governmental campus, which contains the Navajo Nation Council, Navajo Nation Supreme Court, the offices of the Navajo Nation President and Vice President, and many Navajo government buildings.

Window Rock's population was 2,500 at the 2020 census. It is estimated to reach around 20,000 during weekdays when tribal offices are open.

Window Rock's main natural attraction is the window formation of sandstone (Entrada Sandstone) which the community is named after. The Navajo Nation Museum, the Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park, and the Navajo Nation Code Talkers World War II memorial are tribal attractions located in Window Rock.

Name
Until 1936, the area was sparsely populated and known by the Navajo only by its ceremonial name ("Center of the World"). John Collier, a reforming Commissioner of Indian Affairs, chose this site to establish the seat of the Navajo Central Agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs official connection to the nation. His proposal to make the ceremonial name the official name met with resistance, and Navajos soon ridiculed it as "" (~ "into your middle (parts)").

Due to this, the BIA chose the name of the major local landmark, the rock-with-hole-through-it (Navajo: ) for this Indian agency site. It was rendered in English as Window Rock. This landmark is north of the Navajo governmental administration buildings. It is important in the traditional Navajo Water Way Ceremony (Tóee), as one of the four places where Navajo medicine men go with their traditional woven water jugs to get water for the ceremony that is held to pray for an abundance of rainfall.

Government
Window Rock is the capital of the Navajo Nation government. Its complex houses the Navajo Nation President and Vice President, Navajo Nation Supreme Court, the 24-member Navajo Nation Council, and Navajo government administration buildings. As a district within the St. Michaels Chapter, Window Rock is served by a Navajo Council Delegate and Chapter President and Vice President.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,059 people, 876 households, and 713 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 589.3 PD/sqmi. There were 998 housing units at an average density of 192.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.5% Native American, 3.2% White, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% African American, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 876 households, out of which 51.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 29.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.42 and the average family size was 3.81.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 36.3% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,885, and the median income for a family was $36,500. Males had a median income of $27,266 versus $26,902 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,122. About 24.6% of families and 24.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

Geography
The Arizona/New Mexico state line marks the town's eastern edge, and some of the town's buildings are located a few feet (meters) from the state line. Immediately across the state line from Window Rock is the village of Tse Bonito, New Mexico.

The greater Window Rock area comprises the Fort Defiance and St. Michaels chapters, and the hamlets of Hunter's Point and the Summit in Arizona, and Tse Bonito on the New Mexico side of the border.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Window Rock CDP (census designated place) has a total area of 13.7 km2, all land. The area is atop and encompassed within the Defiance Plateau.

Climate
Window Rock is categorized as being within the 6a USDA hardiness zone, meaning the average annual extreme minimum temperature is between -10 and -5 F. The city is cooler than most of Arizona due to its high elevation.

Education
Window Rock is a part of the Window Rock Unified School District, which serves the greater Fort Defiance and St. Michaels chapters population center.

Window Rock is served by:
 * Window Rock Elementary School
 * Tséhootsooí Middle School
 * Window Rock High School located in the Fort Defiance Chapter.

The community is also served by the private Saint Michael Indian School, a K-12 private, Catholic school established by Katharine Drexel in 1902. Saint Michael Indian School is a member of the National Catholic Education Association and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup Catholic School System.

The surrounding community is also served by Hilltop Christian School, operated by Across Nations offering pre-K through 6th grade learning curriculum.

In addition, the Saint Michaels Association for Special Education, Inc. (SMASE) school serves the greater Navajo Nation in Arizona and New Mexico. A non-profit school, founded by Sister Marijane Ryan in 1970 serves as an educational and residential center for individuals with disabilities of all ages.

Travel and tourism
Tourism is an integral part of the local economy. Window Rock attracts a large number of tourists and visitors due to its close proximity to many national parks and sites and Navajo government. The area is a popular base of commerce for the regional people as well.

Window Rock is near to:
 * Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site
 * Diné College
 * Petrified Forest National Park
 * Canyon de Chelly National Monument
 * Chaco Culture National Historical Park
 * Gallup, New Mexico

Navajo Nation Museum
In the year of 1961 the Navajo Tribe established the first Navajo Tribal Museum in a small building on the Window Rock Tribal Fairgrounds. It was moved in 1982 to the back room of the Navajo Arts and Crafts Store. In 1997, a $7 million permanent home was built to store the Navajo artifacts in a museum specially built in a modern Navajo hogan style near the Navajo Nation Zoo.

The Navajo Nation Museum and its colocated Library offer many relics and artifacts of the Navajo people and Navajo Nation, many resources on the Navajo people, language and ceremonies are also offered in the Navajo Nation Library which is adjacent to the museum. The museum is open Monday through Friday and is free to the public.

Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park
The Navajo Tribal Zoo opened in Window Rock in 1963 featuring reservation animals such as bear, coyotes, snake, elk, and the golden eagle. The Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park offers a wide variety of plants, animals, fishes, birds and insects native to the Four Corners area of the Navajo Nation such as elk, mule deer, Mexican gray wolf, black bear, cougar, golden eagle, bighorn sheep, lynx, Rio Grande wild turkey, raccoon, Canada goose, and fox. The Navajo Nation Zoo is open Monday through Saturday and is free to the public.

Ch'ihootso Indian Market Place
The Ch'ihootso Market Place offers many vendors with Navajo arts and crafts along with Hopi, Zuni and local artists. The market place is open from 5:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Sunday.

Transportation
Window Rock is served by Arizona State Route 264, and Indian Route 12.

Window Rock is served by a local regional airport : Window Rock Airport. Window Rock Airport is a public use airport located one nautical mile south of the central business district of Window Rock, in Apache County. It is owned by the Navajo Nation.

Local transportation is provided by the Navajo Transit System which operates from Window Rock. It provides several routes that serve the community, the Navajo Nation, the Hopi Nation, and San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe.

Business
Window Rock is served by two regional shopping centers: Diné Bashas' and Lowe's Market. The Navajo Nation Shopping Center Enterprise also serves the area. This includes local business, such as Navajo Arts And Crafts Enterprise, Caffeinated Ape, Dee Barber Shop, Shima Grill & Catering, Ch'ihootso Indian Market Place, Arizonian's Bookstore, Window Rock Coffee Company, Navajo United Way, IndigeHub, Navajo Technology Services, LLC, the DVD Collection, National Flowers, and New Mexico Chile Fair.

Culture
Numerous events are hosted throughout the year in the greater Window Rock area, which includes Fort Defiance and St. Michaels, such as:
 * Fourth of July Celebration & PRCA ProRodeo
 * Navajo Nation Fair
 * Navajo Nation Treaty Day Celebration
 * Navajo Nation Prayer Day
 * Megabucks Bull Riding

Health care
Window Rock is served by the Tséhootsooí Medical Center. Located in Fort Defiance, Arizona it also serves the Window Rock and the surrounding area.

title: Window Rock, Arizona


text:
Benson, Arizona

Benson is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 5,105. It was founded as a rail terminal for the area, and located approximately 45 mi east-southeast of the city of Tucson.

History
The city was founded in 1880 when the Southern Pacific Railroad came through. It was named after Judge William S. Benson, a friend of Charles Crocker, president of the Southern Pacific. The railroad, coming overland from California, chose the Benson site to cross the San Pedro River. Benson then served as a rail junction point to obtain ore and refined metal by wagon, in turn shipping rail freight back to the mines at Tombstone, Fairbank, Contention City and Bisbee. For example, the railhead in Benson was about 25 mi from Tombstone, and was the closest rail connection to it until 1882, when a feeder line was laid from Benson to Contention City.

The railhead in Benson was founded about a mile from a traditional crossing of the upper San Pedro River (known also as the Middle Crossing), used by the Southern Emigrant Trail and San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line. It was the site of the San Pedro Station of the Butterfield Overland Mail and a wagon depot, the San Pedro River Station, run since 1871 by William Ohnesorgen. In 1878 he had erected a toll bridge over which mining supplies were transported to the new mining camps such as Fairbank and Tombstone. Two years later this bridge marked the location of the railroad bridge that became the terminal site of Benson.

Apache Nitrogen Products (originally Apache Powder Company) was formed in the 1920s. It was located just outside Benson and was a major employer. Apache Park and nine nearby houses on West 6th Street in Benson, built to house company management, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 as the Apache Powder Historic Residential District.

The city today is perhaps best known as the gateway to Kartchner Caverns State Park. It is also home to the acclaimed Singing Wind Bookshop, which specializes in books about the Southwest.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Benson has a total area of 107.4 km2, of which 0.1 sqkm, or 0.12%, is water.

Climate
Similar to other desert plains areas of Arizona, Benson receives little rainfall and is relatively hot. Some snow occasionally falls in the winter. There is a high degree of diurnal temperature variation, especially in transitional months such as October.

Demographics
Benson first appeared on the 1890 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It did not appear on the 1900 census. It reappeared again in 1910. It did not return separately (as a village) in 1920, but the population for the Benson Precinct of Cochise County (825) was substituted (which included the village of Benson and adjacent area). It formally incorporated as a town in 1924 and has returned on every census since 1930. On March 26, 1985, voters approved a resolution upgrading Benson to city status.

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,711 people, 2,084 households, and 1,346 families residing in the city. The population density was 131.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,822 housing units at an average density of 79.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.3% White or European American, 1.3% Native American, 0.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 19.9% of the population.

There were 2,084 households, out of which 18.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.72.

In the city, the population was 19.5% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 18.0% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 29.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,289, and the median income for a family was $36,364. Males had a median income of $34,013 versus $18,964 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,315. About 6.2% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.1% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The World University is located in Benson.

The Benson Unified School District is a K-12 public school serving the Benson area. Their mascot is the Benson Bobcat.

Cochise College has a branch located on Route 90.

Transportation
Benson Airport is located 5 mi northwest of the city center.

Interstate 10 serves the city with four exits; the highway leads northwest 45 mi to Tucson and northeast 35 mi to Willcox. Arizona State Route 80 leads southeast 24 mi to Tombstone, and Arizona State Route 90 leads south 32 mi to Sierra Vista.

Amtrak provides passenger rail service at 105 E. 4th Street, where it serves as a stop for the Sunset Limited and Texas Eagle lines (as of 2024). Freight railroads serving Benson are the Union Pacific Railroad and the San Pedro and Southwestern Railroad. Benson is also served by Greyhound between Phoenix and El Paso or Sierra Vista.

Benson Area Transit (BAT) is a bus service that covers Benson, St. David, Pomerene and Mescal.

Notable people

 * Baxter Black, cowboy, poet, philosopher and former large-animal veterinarian
 * Lupe Diaz, politician, Arizona House of Representatives (2021–present)
 * Chad Curtis, former professional baseball player convicted of sexual assault
 * Nick Gomez, actor
 * Mitch Hoopes, formed NFL punter
 * Harry Partch, composer, music theorist, and creator of musical instruments
 * Nick Ramus, actor
 * Jack Speiden, stockbroker and ranch owner
 * Chuck Stevenson, racecar driver

In popular culture

 * This city was one of the filming locations for Paramount's 1994 film Pontiac Moon.
 * "Benson, Arizona" is the name of the theme song to the 1974 movie Dark Star. Dark Star Road in Benson is named in honor of the film.
 * In a tip of the hat to Dark Star, the Avengers crossover story Operation: Galactic Storm commences here.
 * The Spiritual Conference for Radical Fairies was held August 31–2 September 2, 1979, at the Sri Ram Ashram in Benson, the foundational event that began the Radical Faeries community.
 * Rage, with George C. Scott, was filmed at the then-new Benson Hospital.
 * "Benson Hedges" by the American band Fun, references the lead singer and his existential crisis in Benson.
 * This city was one of the filming locations for the 2005 film Miracle at Sage Creek.

title: Benson, Arizona


text:
Bisbee, Arizona

Bisbee is a city in and the county seat of Cochise County in southeastern Arizona, United States. It is 92 mi southeast of Tucson and 11 mi north of the Mexican border. According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 4,923, down from 5,575 in the 2010 census.

History
Bisbee was founded as a copper, gold, and silver mining town in 1880, and named in honor of Judge DeWitt Bisbee, one of the financial backers of the adjacent Copper Queen Mine.

The town was the site of the Bisbee Riot in 1919.

In 1929, the county seat was moved from Tombstone to Bisbee, where it remains.

Mining industry
Mining in the Mule Mountains proved quite successful: in the early 20th century the population of Bisbee soared. Incorporated in 1902, by 1910 its population had swelled to 9,019, the third largest in the territory, and it sported a constellation of suburbs, including Warren, Lowell, and San Jose, some of which had been founded on their own (ultimately less successful) mines. In 1917, open-pit mining was successfully introduced to meet the copper demand during World War I.

A high quality turquoise promoted as Bisbee Blue was a by-product of the copper mining. Many high-quality mineral specimens have come from Bisbee area mines and are to be found in museum collections worldwide. Some of these minerals include cuprite, aragonite, wulfenite, malachite, azurite, and galena.

Bisbee deportation
Miners attempted to organize to gain better working conditions and wages. In 1917, the Phelps Dodge Corporation, using private police and deputized sheriffs in conjunction with Cochise County Sheriff Harry C. Wheeler, transported at gunpoint over 1,000 striking miners out of town to Hermanas, New Mexico, due to allegations that they were members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW); the company wanted to prevent unionization. Earlier that year, industry police conducted the Jerome Deportation, similarly intended to expel striking miners.

Mining decline and tourism
Continued underground work enabled the town to survive the changes in mining that caused mines in neighboring towns to close, leading to a resulting dramatic loss of population. But the population of Bisbee had dropped nearly 60%, from a high of 9,205 in 1920 down to 3,801 by 1950. In 1975 the Phelps Dodge Corporation halted its Bisbee copper-mining operations. Bisbee Mayor Chuck Eads, with the cooperation of Phelps Dodge, implemented development of a mine tour and historic interpretation of a portion of the Copper Queen Mine as part of an effort to create heritage tourism as another economic base to compensate for the financial loss due to the end of the mining industry.

Community volunteers cleared tons of fallen rock and re-timbered the old workings. Eventually, this local effort came to the attention of the federal Economic Development Administration. It approved a large grant to the City of Bisbee to help the mine tour project and other improvements in downtown Bisbee; these were designed to meet tourist business needs. The Queen Mine Tour was officially opened to visitors on February 1, 1976. More than a million visitors have taken the underground mine tour train.

Modern Bisbee
From 1950 to 1960, the sharp population decline happening over the previous few decades changed course and the number of residents of Bisbee increased by nearly 160 percent when open-pit mining was undertaken and the city annexed nearby areas. The peak population was in 1960, at 9,914.

In the following decade, there was a decline in jobs and population, although not as severe as from 1930 to 1950. But, the economic volatility resulted in a crash in housing prices. Coupled with an attractive climate and picturesque scenery, Bisbee became a destination in the 1960s for artists and hippies of the counter culture.

Artist Stephen Hutchison and his wife Marcia purchased the Copper Queen Hotel, the town's anchor business and architectural gem, from the Phelps-Dodge mining company in 1970. The company had tried to find a local buyer, offering the deed to any local resident for the sum of $1, but there were no takers. The property needed renovation for continued use.

Hutchison purchased and renovated the hotel, as well as other buildings in the downtown area. One held the early 20th-century Brewery and Stock Exchange. Hutchison began to market Bisbee as a destination of the "authentic," old Southwest. His work attracted the developer Ed Smart.

Among the many guests at the hotel have been celebrities from nearby California. Actor John Wayne was a frequent visitor to Bisbee and the Copper Queen. He befriended Hutchison and eventually partnered with Smart in his real estate ventures. This period of Bisbee's history is well documented in contemporary articles in The New Yorker and in an article by Cynthia Buchanan in The Cornell Review. It was at this time that Bisbee became a haven for artists and hippies fleeing the larger cities of Arizona and California. Later it attracted people priced out by gentrification of places such as Aspen, Colorado.

In the 1990s, additional people were attracted to Bisbee, leading it to develop such amenities as coffee shops and live theatre. Many of the old houses have been renovated, and property values in Bisbee now greatly exceed those of other southeastern Arizona cities.

Today, the historic city of Bisbee is known as "Old Bisbee" and is home to a thriving downtown cultural scene. This area is noted for its architecture, including Victorian-style houses and an elegant Art Deco county courthouse. Because its plan was laid out to a pedestrian scale before the automobile, Old Bisbee is compact and walkable. The town's hilly terrain is exemplified by the old four-story high school; each floor has a ground-level entrance.

Suburbs
The city of Bisbee now includes the satellite communities of Warren, Lowell, and San Jose. The Lowell and Warren townsites were consolidated into Bisbee proper during the early part of the twentieth century. There are also smaller neighborhoods interspersed between these larger boroughs, including Galena, Bakerville, Tintown, South Bisbee, Briggs, and Saginaw.

Warren was Arizona's first planned community. It was designed as a bedroom community for the more affluent citizens of the mining district. Warren has a fine collection of Arts and Crafts style bungalow houses. Many have been recognized as historic places, and the city has an annual home tour during which a varying selection are offered for tours. Since the end of mining in the 1970s, Warren has seen a steady decline in its standard of living. The residential district still houses a significant portion of the population, and includes City Hall, Greenway Elementary School, Bisbee High School, and the historic Warren Ballpark.

Lowell was at one time a sizable mining town located just to the southeast of Old Bisbee. The majority of the original townsite was consumed by the excavation of the Lavender Pit mine during the 1950s. All that is left today is a small portion of Erie Street, along with Evergreen Cemetery, Saginaw subdivision and Lowell Middle School. These days Lowell is considered by most of the local residents to be more of a place name than an operating community.

San Jose, on the southern side of the Mule Mountains, is the most modern of the city's subdivisions. As it is not restricted by mountains, it has had the most new growth since the late 1990s. Named after a nearby Mexican mountain peak, it is the location of many newer county government buildings, the Huachuca Terrace Elementary School, and a large shopping center.

Current state of mining industry
In 2007, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold bought Phelps-Dodge company. Freeport has invested in Bisbee by remediating soil contaminated in previous mining operations, donations to the school system, and other civic activities.

Geography
Arizona State Route 80 runs through the city, leading northwest 23 mi to Tombstone and 47 mi to Benson, and east 26 mi to Douglas. The Mexican border at Naco is 11 mi south of the center of Bisbee.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.4 km2, all land.

Natural vegetation around Bisbee has a semi-desert appearance with shrubby acacia, oak and the like, along with cacti, grass, ocotillo and yucca. The town itself is much more luxuriant with large trees such as native cypress, sycamore and cottonwood plus the introduced ailanthus and Old World cypresses, cedars and pines. Palms are capable of growing tall, but are not reliably hardy. At least one mature blue spruce may be seen.

Climate
Bisbee is a typical semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) of the upland Mountain West. Summer days are warm to hot and dry before the monsoon brings the wettest season from July to September with 10.65 in of Bisbee's total annual rainfall of 18.63 in, often with severe thunderstorms. During the winter, frontal cloudbands may bring occasional rainfall or even snowfall, though average maxima in the winter are typically very mild and sometimes even warm.

Demographics
Bisbee first appeared on the 1890 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It did not appear on the 1900 census, despite having a population of thousands (many unincorporated communities were not reported). In 1902, it incorporated as a city and has appeared on every census since 1910. On September 10, 1959, it incorporated the adjacent unincorporated villages of Lowell-South Bisbee (1950 pop. 1,136) and Warren (pop. 2,610).

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,090 people, 2,810 households, and 1,503 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,266.3 PD/sqmi. As of the 2020 U.S. Census Redistricting Data there were 3,138 housing units (21.5% of which were vacant or possibly secondary homes) at an average density of 605.8 /sqmi. The racial and ethnic makeup of the city (where race/ethnicity of residents was known) was 65.2% non-Hispanic White, 29.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.7% Non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.6% Non-Hispanic Native American, 0.5% Non-Hispanic Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races.

There were 2,810 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 39.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.90.

An analysis of United States Census Bureau data by researchers at The Williams Institute at the UCLA School of Law found that, on a proportional basis, Bisbee had more gay couples living together than anywhere else in the state. The ratio was 20.9 for every 1,000 households.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 21.6% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,942, and the median income for a family was $36,685. Males had a median income of $29,573 versus $23,269 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,129. About 12.9% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
The Bisbee 1000 Stair Climb is a five-kilometer run through the city that traverses 1,034 stairs. Billed as "the most unique physical fitness challenge in the USA!" by the organizers, the Climb includes runners being serenaded by musicians at various locations among the stairs. The event has grown to include the Ice Man Competition, designed to honor the history of men delivering blocks of ice by hand before the advent of refrigeration. In the Ice Man Competition, entrants race up 155 steps carrying a ten-pound block of ice with antique ice tongs.

Bisbee hosts an annual Blues festival, occurring in 2015 during the second week of September. The festival effectively lengthens the tourist season, and provides a large amount of business to local bars and breweries.

Sites of interest

 * Bisbee Municipal Airport
 * The Central School, built in 1905, was once an elementary school and now functions as an art center.
 * The Cochise County Courthouse is built in the Art Deco style.
 * The Copper Queen Mine was once a major copper producer and can be toured daily.
 * The Phelps Dodge General Office Building, a National Historic Landmark, is now the Bisbee Mining & Historical Museum
 * The Lavender Pit is an inactive open pit mine site in the center of the city.
 * Warren Ballpark, a baseball stadium built in 1909, has housed a number of professional teams and may be baseball's oldest park still in use.

Sports
Bisbee joined with Clifton in forming a cricket team that travelled to Santa Monica, California, in 1908 to play the Santa Monica Cricket Club in two games overlooking the Pacific Ocean on the grounds of the Polo Field. The miners lost both cricket games. The Copper Echo reported that Bennie, the general manager of the Shannon Company Copper Mine, was the miners' best cricketer.

Bisbee was home to a minor league baseball franchise. The Bisbee Bees played as members of the Arizona State League and Arizona-Texas League.

Government
Bisbee is governed via the mayor-council system. The city council consists of six members who are elected from three wards, each ward elects two members. The mayor is elected in a direct citywide vote.

In 2013, the city council received public notoriety when it proposed same-sex civil unions and shortly after became the first municipality in Arizona to pass a civil union law. The state's Attorney General, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but decided against it after Bisbee amended the ordinance; the civil union ordinance came into effect July 5, 2013. "Bisbee was the first in Arizona to approve civil unions, with Tucson, Jerome and Clarkdale following."

Transportation
The City of Bisbee administers the Bisbee Bus System which is in fact operated by the City of Douglas under contract, with regularly scheduled services from Monday through Saturday within Bisbee and to Naco; One-way fare is $1; The City of Douglas also operates the Cochise Connection, with regular shuttle services between Douglas, Bisbee, and Sierra Vista; One-way fare is $3–4.

Notable people

 * Buster Adams, professional baseball player
 * Betty Bays (1931–1992), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
 * Ben Chase, NFL player
 * Gib Dawson, NFL player
 * James Douglas, Canadian metallurgist and founder of the Copper Queen Mine
 * Lewis Williams Douglas (1894–1974), politician, businessman diplomat and academic
 * M. J. Frankovich, UCLA quarterback, movie producer (The Shootist, Cactus Flower)
 * Jess Hartley, author, blogger and game designer for White Wolf Games
 * Earl Hindman, actor was born in Bisbee in 1942
 * J. A. Jance, author
 * Jake LaMotta ("The Raging Bull"), former middleweight prizefighting champion
 * Clarence Maddern, professional baseball player ca. 1946–1951
 * James F. McNulty Jr. (1925–2009), member of the U.S. House of Representatives
 * William Milam, diplomat and former US Ambassador to Pakistan and Bangladesh
 * Paul Newman, Corporation Commissioner, former state representative, former Cochise County Supervisor
 * Richard Shelton, author
 * William P. Sims, Arizona state senator
 * Doug Stanhope, comedian and writer
 * Betsy Thornton, writer
 * Dawson Trotman, (1906–1956) Founder of The Navigators Born in Bisbee
 * Ken Westerfield, disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer, hall of fame, showman, promoter
 * Jack Williamson, science-fiction writer, born 1908, in Bisbee
 * Peter Young, artist

Film and television

 * The 2018 documentary Bisbee '17 chronicled the Bisbee Deportation on the 100th anniversary of the incident.
 * Violent Saturday (1955) was filmed in Bisbee
 * In L.A. Confidential, Lynn Bracken (played by Kim Basinger) is from Bisbee, as revealed by the hand-embroidered cushion in her bedroom.
 * In Curb Your Enthusiasm, the biological parents of the fictional version of Larry David are from Bisbee.

Novels

 * J. A. Jance's Joanna Brady novels are often set in Bisbee.

Video game

 * The fictional town of Paradise, Arizona from the 2003 video game Postal 2 is based on Bisbee.

title: Bisbee, Arizona


text:
Douglas, Arizona

Douglas is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States that lies in the north-west to south-east running Sulphur Springs Valley. Douglas has a border crossing with Mexico at Agua Prieta and a history of mining.

The population was 16,531 in the 2020 Census.

History
The Douglas area was first settled by the Spanish in the 18th century. Presidio de San Bernardino was established in 1776 and abandoned in 1780. It was located a few miles east of present-day Douglas. The United States Army established Camp San Bernardino in the latter half of the 19th century near the presidio, and in 1910 Camp Douglas was built next to the town.

Douglas was founded as an American smelter town, to treat the copper ores of nearby Bisbee, Arizona. The town is named after mining pioneer Dr. James Douglas and was incorporated in 1905. Two copper smelters operated at the site. The Calumet and Arizona Company Smelter was built in 1902. The Copper Queen operated in Douglas from 1904 until 1931, when the Phelps Dodge Corporation purchased the Calumet and Arizona Company and took over their smelter. The Calumet and Arizona smelter then became the Douglas Reduction Works. Douglas was the site of the Phelps-Dodge Corporation Douglas Reduction Works until its closure in 1987. The smoke stacks of the smelter were not taken down until January 13, 1991. The town was a site of the Arizona Copper Mine Strike of 1983.

The "Cowboys Home Saloon" was the location of the fatal shooting of bar owner Lorenzo "Lon" Bass. The accused was Arizona Ranger William W. Webb. The date was February 8, 1903.

In 1916, the Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa threatened to attack Douglas, believing Americans responsible for his defeat at the Second Battle of Agua Prieta.

On June 23, 1926, missing evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson was found collapsed near a road at the adjacent Mexican town of Agua Prieta. She was driven into Douglas and told a story of kidnap, torture and escape as she convalesced at Calumet Hospital. There, large crowds gathered, anxious to see the famous Canadian-American celebrity minister. She had earlier disappeared from a beach near Los Angeles and was believed drowned. For a period of several weeks, Douglas enjoyed a brisk tourist boom as police, reporters and others visited the town and the nearby desert to investigate her story. The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Mrs. McPherson put Douglas square on the map and the citizens here appear grateful that it was in Douglas she sought refuge."

In 1989, the Sinaloa Cartel dug a 300 ft tunnel between a house in Agua Prieta to a warehouse located in Douglas that it used to smuggle drugs across the international border. It was discovered in May 1990. Following its discovery, the Cartel refocused their smuggling operations towards Tijuana and Otay Mesa, San Diego where it acquired a warehouse in 1992. Other tunnels would also later be built in Arizona including sites at Naco and Nogales.

The town has been physically divided from Agua Prieta with a tall border wall built under President George W. Bush.

Geography
Douglas is located near the southeastern corner of Arizona on the U.S.-Mexico border, across from the city of Agua Prieta, Sonora.

U.S. Route 191 leads north from Douglas 69 mi to Interstate 10 near Willcox. Arizona State Route 80 leads west 26 mi to Bisbee and northeast 80 mi to Interstate 10 in New Mexico.

Climate
Douglas has a semi-arid steppe climate, which is cooler and wetter than a typical arid climate classification. In the winter months, Douglas averages in the mid to upper 60s °F (17–21 °C), with both January and February averaging daily highs of 64 °F. Lows typically settle just below the freezing mark on a majority of nights, but it is not uncommon to see temperatures tumble below 25 °F on some winter nights.

On the other hand, in the summer months, highs average between 90 and 100 °F, with the month of June being the hottest with an average daytime high of 97 °F. Nighttime lows for the summer months remain in the upper 50s and mid 60s °F (14–18 °C) for the duration of the season. June and July typically see 6 in or more of combined rainfall, which brings the average annual precipitation for Douglas to about 14 in.

Douglas' all-time highest recorded temperature is 111 °F which was reached in July 1905. The all-time low temperature was -7 °F, which occurred in January 1913.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 17,509 people, 4,986 households, and 3,662 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,750.9 PD/sqmi. There were 5,652 housing units at an average density of 565.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 68.2% white, 2.8% black or African-American, 1.7% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 24.2% some other race, and 2.6% two or more races. 82.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,986 households, out of which 45.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were headed by married couples living together, 24.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98, and the average family size was 3.56.

In the city, the age distribution of the population was 28.2% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.4 males.

For the period 2008–12, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $28,548, and the median income for a family was $33,117. Male full-time workers had a median income of $25,853 versus $31,222 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,376. About 25.1% of families and 30.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.8% of those under age 18 and 29.0% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Douglas is home to the historic Gadsden Hotel, which opened in 1907. Named for the Gadsden Purchase, the stately five-story, 160-room hotel became a home away from home for cattlemen, ranchers, miners, and businessmen. The hotel was leveled by fire and rebuilt in 1929. The Gadsden is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Gadsden's spacious main lobby is majestically set with a solid white Italian marble staircase and four soaring marble columns. A stained glass window mural by 5th generation Artisan Ralph Baker, who studied under Louis Comfort Tiffany, extends 42 ft across the eastern wall of the massive mezzanine. The mural of the Southwest Desert is an adaptive work of art that changes colors and depths throughout the day and seasons including the sunrising on the horizon of the mural. An impressive oil painting by Audley Dean Nicols is just below the Tiffany-style window. Vaulted stained glass skylights run the full length of the lobby.

The San Bernardino Ranch, 14 miles east of the town of Douglas, was originally established in Mexico and covered thousands of acres. The new US-Mexico border of the Gadsden Purchase sliced through the ranch, thus reducing its US size. Today the ranch is called "Slaughter Ranch," named after the lawman John Slaughter, who owned the ranch in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

The El Paso and Southwestern Railroad depot was an important train station. It transported copper to large manufacturing concerns in the east. The depot is considered one of the finest examples of railway architecture of the early 20th century. The building is now used for the Douglas police station and is just one of 400 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Douglas.

The Douglas Grand Theatre was built in 1919 and was the largest theater between Los Angeles and San Antonio. Ginger Rogers, Anna Pavlova and John Philip Sousa are some of the famous faces to have graced the theater's stage. It also housed a tea room, candy store and barbershop in its glory days. For several Halloweens the Grand Theater was used as a "Haunted House" attraction. Today (2009) the theater is undergoing reconstruction, using private donations of money, supplies and labor.

Cemeteries
The Douglas Jewish Cemetery was founded in 1904 near the Mexican border. It has nineteen recorded graves, and thirteen of the tombstones are not necessarily on the correct grave sites due to extensive vandalism. The cemetery was in use from 1912 to 1963. The cemetery was restored, re-fenced and cleaned in 1992 by students and numerous others. The cemetery is included in the State of Arizona of Historical Places.

Government

 * City management

 * Mayor: Donald Huish (2020–   )
 * City Council:
 * Ward 1: Margaret Morales
 * Ward 2: Mitch Lindemann
 * Ward 3: Danya Acosta
 * Ward 4: Ray Shelton
 * Ward 5: Jose Grijalva
 * Ward 6: Michael Baldenegro
 * City Manager: Ana Urquijo
 * Finance Manager: Luis Pedroza
 * City Clerk: Alma Andrade

Transportation
The City of Douglas operates Douglas Rides, which provides local transportation. The city also operates Cochice Connection, which provides connections between Douglas, Bisbee, and Sierra Vista. Private shuttle services connect Douglas with Tucson and Phoenix.

Douglas is connected to Agua Prieta by the Douglas, Arizona Port of Entry. Also, Douglas Airport is located here. There are no airline services at this airport.

Public schools
The Douglas Unified School District is responsible for public education. Schools include:
 * Clawson Elementary School
 * Douglas High School
 * Faras Elementary School
 * Joe Carlson Elementary School
 * Paul H. Huber Middle School
 * Sarah Marley Elementary School
 * Stevenson Elementary School
 * Ray Borane Middle School

Private schools

 * CAS Elementary, Middle, and High School
 * Loretto Catholic School
 * Omega Alpha Academy K-12 Charter School

Notable people

 * John D. Driggs, 50th mayor of Phoenix
 * Manny Farber, stylist, film critic, and painter
 * Evelyn Finley, actress and Hollywood stuntwoman
 * Harold L. Humes (1926–1992), novelist and founder of The Paris Review literary magazine
 * Stan Jones (1914–1963), musician
 * Robert Krentz, rancher who was murdered in 2010 by a suspected undocumented immigrant.
 * Gil Lefebvre (1910–1987), football player
 * Lorna E. Lockwood, first female chief justice of a state supreme court
 * Bill Melendez, animator, film producer, and film director; best known as the voice of Snoopy and Woodstock
 * Mike Pagel, former NFL quarterback
 * Jack Lund Schofield, Nevada state legislator
 * "Texas John" Slaughter, Cochise County Sheriff (1841–1922) and a champion for Arizona's statehood
 * Effie Anderson Smith (1869–1955), impressionist painter of desert landscapes
 * Thornton Wilder, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and novelist

In popular culture

 * The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972)
 * Arizona Dream (1993)
 * Pontiac Moon (1994)
 * Terminal Velocity (1994)

title: Douglas, Arizona


text:
Huachuca City, Arizona

Huachuca City is a town in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,626.

Fort Huachuca, a U.S. Army base, is located just south of the municipality.

History
Huachuca City started out as a stop along the Southern Pacific Railroad. The rail stretched between Tombstone and Patagonia and is no longer in operation today. With the re-opening of Fort Huachuca in 1954, the area began to grow and the community went through several name changes: Campstone Station, Sunset City, and Huachuca Vista, before finally settling on the name Huachuca City. It incorporated in 1958.

Today, Huachuca City is a small town located at the north exit of Fort Huachuca, the major employment for the town. With tourism a major business because of the proximity to Tombstone and Kartchner Caverns State Park, Huachuca City is a growing area.

Geography
Huachuca City is located in southwestern Cochise County. The city of Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca lie along the town's southern border.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 7.3 km2, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Huachuca City has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Transportation
Via Arizona State Route 90 it is 23 mi north to Interstate 10, near the city of Benson.

Huachuca City Transit, operated by the city, runs between Huachuca City and Sierra Vista.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,751 people, 713 households, and 432 families residing in the town. The population density was 625.6 PD/sqmi. There were 844 housing units at an average density of 301.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 75.4% White, 6.8% Black or African American, 2.7% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 8.2% from other races, and 5.3% from two or more races. 16.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 713 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the town, the age distribution of the population shows 28.4% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,311, and the median income for a family was $33,938. Males had a median income of $26,685 versus $20,179 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,378. About 13.8% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 14.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Huachuca City, Arizona


text:
Naco, Arizona

Naco is a census-designated place (CDP) located in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. Naco had a recorded population of 1,046 at the 2010 United States Census. Located directly across the United States–Mexico border from its sister city of Naco, Sonora, Naco is best known for an accidental 1929 air raid and is the first and only municipality in the Continental United States to have been aerially bombed by foreigners.

History
The present-day unincorporated town of Naco, Arizona, was established in the early 20th century. The area was originally settled by the Nahua and Opata Indians. Naco means "nopal cactus" in the Opata language. The U.S. Congress officially established Naco as a Port of Entry on June 28, 1902. Today, the Naco port of entry is open 24 hours per day.

Occasionally the people on both sides of the border use the border fence as the net in a volleyball game.

1929 air raid
The accidental 1929 Bombing of Naco by Irish-American mercenary Patrick Murphy is notable for being the first and only instance where a town in the Continental United States was bombed by aircraft working for a foreign power. The 1942 Lookout Air Raids, when a Japanese floatplane pilot made two unsuccessful attempts to start forest fires in rural Oregon, and the 1944-45 unmanned Fu-Go Fire balloon attacks, also by the Japanese, are the only other cases of the Continental United States enduring aerial bombing by a foreign power. Such events are exceptionally rare in American history because during 20th century conflicts, most notably World War I and World War II, the continental United States escaped the large-scale aerial bombings that devastated many Asian and European cities.

The background to the bombing of Naco started in early 1929, when José Gonzalo Escobar led a rebellion against the government of Emilio Portes Gil. Mexican federal troops dug in around Naco,

Patrick Murphy was an aviator who owned his own bi-winged airplane and performed tricks with it. Murphy decided to help the rebels by offering to build homemade bombs and drop them on federal positions. His offer was accepted by the rebels, who promised a reward. Three of his bombs inadvertently landed on the Arizona side of the border, hitting various buildings in Naco.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.4 sqmi, all land.

Attractions
Naco was home to the Turquoise Valley Golf Course, the oldest continuously operated golf course in Arizona—the first to reach 100 continuous years of age. It was purchased from long time owner Pete Lawson by HGM Golf Enterprises in May 2015. The ownership changed hands three more times when Joseph Lewis, a real estate developer from Phoenix, in June 2018. The course was permanently closed in June 2019.

Demographics
As of the U.S. 2010 census, there were 1046 people, 334 households, and 284 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 307.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 62.8% White, 0.67% Native American, 33.7% from other races, and 2.88% from two or more races. 83.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 334 households, out of which 146 had children under the age of 18 living with them.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 40.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 11% from 25 to 34, 15.8% from 35 to 49, 15% from 50 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The population of Naco, by 2010 census estimates, is 48.7% male, 51.3% female.

According to the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the CDP was $22,045, and the median income for a family was $25,227. Males had a median income of $21,923 versus $15,882 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,169. About 33.0% of families and 34.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.1% of those under age 18 and 25.4% of those age 65 or over.

Prehistoric Naco
The Naco-Mammoth Kill Site is located near Naco. Excavations from this archeological site in the 1950s revealed mammoth bones with embedded Clovis points, providing evidence of the hunting activities of Paleo-Indians some 13,000 years ago.

Fort Naco

Fort Naco is a former military post on the outskirts of Naco. Subsequent to Pancho Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico, in 1916, Fort Naco was a staging area for American troops protecting the border. It was the headquarters of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Arizona National Guard.

Transportation
The Bisbee Bus provides transportation from Naco to Bisbee.

title: Naco, Arizona


text:
Pirtleville, Arizona

Pirtleville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,744 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.8 sqmi, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,550 people, 454 households, and 361 families living in the CDP. The population density was 861.2 PD/sqmi. There were 531 housing units at an average density of 295.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 53.2% White, 0.7% Black or African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 41.4% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 95.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 454 households, out of which 43.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.41 and the average family size was 3.91.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 36.0% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $19,355, and the median income for a family was $21,301. Males had a median income of $23,359 versus $20,852 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,244. About 30.1% of families and 38.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.8% of those under age 18 and 38.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * Raul Castro, governor of Arizona and diplomat

title: Pirtleville, Arizona