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Ronan, Montana

Ronan (Salish: ocqʔetkʷ ) is a city in Lake County, Montana, United States. It is on the Flathead Indian Reservation. The population was 1,955 at the 2020 census.

History
The reservation, on which Ronan is located, was created through the July 16, 1855, Hellgate Treaty. It was made between the United States and the Bitterroot Salish, Upper Pend d'Oreille, and Lower Kutenai tribes. The group is now known as the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes.

Originally called Spring Creek, Ronan's name was changed in 1893 in honor of Major Peter Ronan, superintendent of the Flathead Indian Reservation.

Geography
Ronan is approximately 12 mi south of Flathead Lake in the northwestern part of the state. The Mission Mountains are to the east. Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge is about 5 mi to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.19 sqmi, all land.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often arid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ronan has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "DFB" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,871 people, 737 households, and 444 families living in the city. The population density was 1572.3 PD/sqmi. There were 807 housing units at an average density of 678.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 61.3% White, 0.4% African American, 27.0% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 10.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.7% of the population.

There were 737 households, of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.8% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 34.7 years. 27.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.2% were from 25 to 44; 24.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,812 people, 699 households, and 420 families living in the city. The population density was 1,701.5 PD/sqmi. There were 755 housing units at an average density of 709.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 62.42% White, 0.11% African American, 33.06% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 3.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.37% of the population.

There were 699 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.6% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,422, and the median income for a family was $29,750. Males had a median income of $27,847 versus $17,454 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,678. About 20.0% of families and 24.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 21.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public education in Ronan is provided by Ronan School District, which has four schools, three of them in Ronan:
 * Ronan High School
 * Ronan Middle School
 * K. William Harvey Elementary School

For the 2021-2022 school year, 371 students were enrolled in the high school. The team name is Chiefs for male athletes and Maidens for female athletes.

Ronan City Library is the public library.

Media
The Char-Koosta News is the newspaper serving the Flathead Indian Reservation. The Valley Journal provides local news to Arlee, Charlo, Pablo, Polson, Ronan, and St. Ignatius.

The FM radio station KKMT is licensed in Ronan. It airs a Top 40 format.

Transportation
The main highway route to Ronan is U.S. Route 93. The closest Interstate is I-90, which is 46 mi south on US 93. The daily Amtrak passenger service the Empire Builder runs between Seattle/Portland and Chicago. Nearby depots are in Whitefish (76 mi north) and West Glacier.

Ronan Airport is a public use airport located 3 miles north of town. The nearest commercial airports are Missoula Montana Airport, 50 mi south, and Glacier Park International Airport, in Kalispell 68 mi north.

Notable people

 * Lou Goodale Bigelow, photographer
 * Marvin Camel, professional boxer
 * Corwin Clairmont, artist, activist and educator
 * Rick Jore, member of the Montana House of Representatives
 * Laverne Parrish, WWII Medal of Honor recipient
 * Daniel Salomon, member of the Montana House of Representatives; born and resides in Ronan

title: Ronan, Montana


text:
Chester, New Hampshire

Chester is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,232 at the 2020 census, up from 4,768 at the 2010 census. It was home to the now defunct Chester College (formerly White Pines College).

History
From Statistics and Gazetteer of New-Hampshire, 1875: "'Chester is considered one of the old towns of the state. In 1719, about eighty persons, chiefly from Portsmouth and Hampton, formed an association, for the purpose of securing a tract of land in the 'Chesnut Country' (so called) and stationed three men upon this tract, to hold possession until they should procure a lawful title. After considerable difficulty they obtained a grant of land, ten miles [16 km] square. Immediately the settlement was commenced by several persons from Rye and Hampton, among whom were Samuel Ingalls, Jonathan Goodhue, Jacob Sargent, Ebenezer Dearborn, Robert Smith, E. Colby and S. Robie, who contributed largely to the permanent success of the enterprise. On the 8th of May, 1722 the township which had hitherto been called Cheshire, was incorporated under its present name, and comprising an area of over 120 square miles [310 km2].'"

Chester once included Candia, set off in 1763. It may have been the first of the settlement grants by Massachusetts selected for expansion of growing populations in the seacoast. The name may be derived from Chester, the county town of the county of Cheshire in England. Earl of Chester is a title held by the Prince of Wales.

In 1822, a portion of Hooksett was taken from Chester. In 1845, the portion of the town known as Long Meadows was incorporated under the name of Auburn.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 67.7 km2, of which 67.4 sqkm are land and 0.3 sqkm, or 0.43%, are water. The highest point in town is found on an unnamed hill west of Bell Hill and northwest of Harantis Lake; it has two knobs of almost equal elevation of at least 635 ft, according to the most recent (2011–2012) USGS 7.5-minute topographical map. The Exeter River rises in Chester. The area of Chester drained by the Exeter and its tributary Towle Brook lies within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed, while the western edge of town drains west toward Massabesic Lake and is in the Merrimack River watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,792 people, 1,214 households, and 1,011 families residing in the town. The population density was 146.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,247 housing units at an average density of 48.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.97% White, 0.26% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.

There were 1,214 households, out of which 45.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.7% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.38.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $68,571, and the median income for a family was $75,092. Males had a median income of $44,056 versus $35,382 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,842. About 3.4% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Elementary and middle school students attend Chester Academy (public). High school students attend Pinkerton Academy in Derry, a privately operated school that contracts with the towns of Derry, Auburn, Chester, Candia, Hooksett, and Hampstead.

Transportation
Three New Hampshire state routes cross Chester.

 * NH 102 follows Derry Road and Raymond Road through town, running from Derry in the southwest to Raymond in the northeast.
 * NH 121 follows Chester Street and Haverhill Road through town, running from Auburn in the west to Hampstead (via small bits of Derry and Sandown) in the southeast.
 * NH 121A begins in town just east of the center of town at an intersection with NH 121, and goes east along Sandown Road into Sandown.

Notable people

 * Charles H. Bell (1823–1893), 38th governor of New Hampshire and son of John Bell
 * John Bell (1765–1836), 12th governor of New Hampshire
 * Samuel Bell (1770–1850), 8th governor of New Hampshire and brother of John Bell
 * Samuel Newell Bell (1829–1889), congressman and grandson of Samuel Bell
 * Timothy Dexter (1747–1806), businessman, eccentric writer
 * Daniel Chester French (1850–1931), sculptor
 * George Cochrane Hazelton (1832–1922), congressman from Wisconsin; brother of Gerry Whiting Hazelton
 * Gerry Whiting Hazelton (1829–1920), congressman from Wisconsin; brother of George Cochrane Hazelton
 * Arthur Livermore (1766–1853), congressman

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chester, New Hampshire


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Helena West Side, Montana

Helena West Side is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lewis and Clark County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,637 at the 2010 census, down from 1,711 at the 2000 census due to annexation of part of the CDP by the city of Helena. It is part of the Helena Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Helena West Side is located in southern Lewis and Clark County at 46.60306°N, -112.08694°W (46.601782, -112.075860). It is bordered to the east by the city of Helena and to the northeast by the Helena Valley West Central CDP. U.S. Route 12 runs through the community, leading east 3 mi to downtown Helena and west over the Continental Divide 40 mi to Interstate 90 at Garrison.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 36.7 km2, of which 0.06 km2, or 0.17%, are water. The center of the CDP, along US 12, is in the valley of Tenmile Creek, which rises at the Continental Divide and flows northeast into the Helena Valley and the Missouri River.

Climate
Austin 1 W is a nearby weather station located in the Helena neighbourhood of Austin.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,711 people, 725 households, and 480 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 116.1 PD/sqmi. There were 768 housing units at an average density of 52.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.03% White, 0.12% African American, 1.58% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.47% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.46% of the population.

There were 725 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,655, and the median income for a family was $44,554. Males had a median income of $30,724 versus $26,827 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,299. About 7.1% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

Population Change
Population in 2010: 1,637. Population change since 2000: -4.3%. Males 870 (53.2%) and Females 767 (46.8%).

Zip codes: 59636.

Education
For almost all of the CDP, Helena Elementary School District is the elementary school district, while Trinity Elementary School District covers a small part of the CDP. Helena High School District covers the entire CDP.

title: Helena West Side, Montana


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Joplin, Montana

Joplin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Liberty County, Montana, United States. The population was 157 at the 2010 census.

History
Joplin was founded in 1910 by Lebanese immigrant Joseph E. Rehal, who was its first postmaster. It was a station house on the Great Northern Railway as early as 1902.

Train derailment
On September 25, 2021, at approximately 3:55 p.m., Amtrak passenger train 7/27, also known as the westbound Empire Builder, suffered a derailment 1 mi west of Joplin while en route from Chicago to Seattle. Three people were killed and 50 more were injured when the eight rear cars of the ten-car train derailed.

Geography
Joplin is located on the eastern edge of Liberty County. It is bordered to the east by Inverness in Hill County. U.S. Route 2 runs along the southern edge of Joplin, leading west 10 mi to Chester, the Liberty county seat, and east 50 mi to Havre.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Joplin CDP has a total area of 3.3 km2, of which 0.07 km2, or 2.20%, are water.

Demographics
For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined this community as a census-designated place (CDP).

As of the census of 2000, there were 210 people, 91 households, and 66 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 166.6 PD/sqmi. There were 105 housing units at an average density of 83.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.52% White, 0.48% from other races. Hispanic, or Latino of any race were 1.90% of the population.

There were 91 households, out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.8% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31, and the average family size was 2.70.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,281, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,014. About 4.6% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of 18 and 5.6% of those 65 or over.

Education
The former Joplin School was closed in 2005 when the consolidated Chester-Joplin-Inverness public school district was formed. The school district serves students from Kindergarten to 12th grade.

Joplin Schools consolidated with Inverness, MT in the early 1980s to form J-I school before it consolidated with the Chester School District. The 1974 graduating class was 18 students.

Notable people

 * Joseph E. Rehal - founder of Joplin, Montana

title: Joplin, Montana


text:
Eureka, Montana

Eureka is a town in Lincoln County, Montana, United States, 9 mi south of the Canada–US border. The population was 1,380 at the 2020 census.

History
Eureka was founded in the early 1880s as settlers moved north from Missoula and south from Canada and was originally known as Deweyville. It was one of the last areas to be developed in Montana in frontier times, and logging was a major draw and source of income for decades. Eureka was once known as the "Christmas Tree Capital of the World," with evergreens shipped to many urban points for holiday sales.

The Canadian fur-trapper and explorer David Thompson visited the area in the early 19th Century during his searches for a route to the Pacific Ocean. Early explorers, finding Indians there growing a native strain of tobacco, named it the Tobacco Plains. In the late 1970s, Eurekans began a "Tobacco Valley Rendezvous" every year in April to commemorate Thompson's visit.

President Harry S. Truman gave a speech in Eureka on October 1, 1952, as part of a whistle-stop tour in support of Adlai Stevenson's ultimately unsuccessful presidential campaign.

Geography
Eureka is located on the Tobacco River in an area known as the Tobacco Valley in the United States and as the Tobacco Plains in British Columbia to the north.

It is approximately 66 mi from Kalispell. The Tobacco River flows through the western part of town.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.01 sqmi, all land.

Climate
Eureka experiences a mild microclimate, notably warmer than the nearby cities of Kalispell and Whitefish, Montana as well as Invermere and Fernie, British Columbia. Summer afternoons are hot and sunny with low humidity while winters are often cloudy but lack the extreme temperatures found nearby.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,037 people, 442 households, and 261 families living in the town. The population density was 1026.7 PD/sqmi. There were 495 housing units at an average density of 490.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.8% White, 0.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 1.4% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.3% of the population.

There were 442 households, of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the town was 43.3 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.7% were from 25 to 44; 25.2% were from 45 to 64; and 23.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 45.4% male and 54.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,017 people, 431 households, and 252 families living in the town. The population density was 1,008.6 PD/sqmi. There were 494 housing units at an average density of 489.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.76% White, 1.28% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.59% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. 1.47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 431 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.3% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,120, and the median income for a family was $30,268. Males had a median income of $31,731 versus $18,214 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,619. About 19.5% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.5% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

This stunningly scenic area has many opportunities for outdoor activities. The Pacific Northwest Trail, a 1,200 mile hiking trail from the Continental Divide to the Pacific Ocean, passes through Eureka. Ten Lakes Scenic Area is located approximately 45 minutes from town. These 14,945 acres have been set aside for backcountry use. Just to the west is Lake Koocanusa, a large reservoir used for every type of water recreation.

Every April Eureka has the large Rendezvous Days celebration. This fun event includes bed races and black powder events. Shakespeare in the Park performs every summer. Also in the summer is The Bull Thing, a Professional Bull Riders event. Eureka hosts the Lincoln County Fair which has carnival rides, rodeos, and local booths.

Eureka has two listings on the National Register of Historic Places: the Eureka Community Hall and the Farmers and Merchants State Bank. They also have The Historical Village. It is a collection of several historic buildings, all furnished with period artifacts.

The town has a public library, a branch of the Lincoln County Public Libraries.

Government
Eureka has a Mayor-Council form of government. There are four council members and a mayor. In 2023 the town's mayor was LeeAnn Schermerhorn.

Education
Eureka Public Schools educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade. They are known as the Lions. The elementary school, pre-kindergarten through 4th grade, had 237 students enrolled for the 2021-2022 school year. Middle school, 5th to 8th grade, had 238 students.

Lincoln County High School is a Class B high school, a designation which helps determine athletic competitions. For the 2021-2022 school year, 293 students were enrolled in the school.

Media
The Tobacco Valley News is a weekly newspaper available either by print or e-edition.

Three radio stations are licensed in the town. KEUK is part of the Montana Public Radio network. KEUR-LP is a religious channel. KZXT is a local station airing an adult contemporary format

Infrastructure
US Route 93 cuts through town from north to south. Montana Highway 37 ends about 5 mi north of town.

Eureka Airport is a public use airport located 5 miles north of town. The nearest commercial airport is Glacier Park International Airport, 62 mi south.

Logan Health has 3 medical clinics in Eureka.

title: Eureka, Montana


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Libby, Montana

Libby is a city in northwestern Montana, United States and the county seat of Lincoln County. The population was 2,775 at the 2020 census.

Libby suffered from the area's contamination from nearby vermiculite mines contaminated with particularly fragile asbestos, leading to the town's inclusion in the United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List status in 2002 and Public Health Emergency event in 2009. Most risk was reduced by 2015.

Local natural features, such as the Kootenai Falls, have attracted tourism to the area and have been featured in movies, such as The River Wild (1994) and The Revenant (2015). There is a public school district and a public library, and the town is in-district for Flathead Valley Community College, which operates the Lincoln County Campus there.

History
Continental and alpine glaciers shaped the area's valleys and lakes. The first indigenous peoples arrived at least 8,000 years ago and hunted and gathered for food. The earliest known American settler, David Thompson, arrived in the 1800s, and early American economic activity included "fur trading, railroad construction, mining, and logging." Miners flocked to Libby Creek in 1867. It was deserted by the 1870s. In 1892, with the arrival of the Great Northern Railway, the town moved downstream and the name was shortened from Libbysville to Libby.

Geography
Libby is on U.S. Route 2 at its junction with Montana Highway 37. It is at the confluence of Libby Creek and the Kootenai River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 1.95 sqmi, of which 1.91 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water. Libby is in the Kootenai National Forest, between the Cabinet Mountains to the south and the Purcell Mountains to the north, the town lies in the heart of the Kootenai Valley along the Kootenai River, and downstream from the Libby Dam. Libby is at an elevation of 2096 ft above sea level.

Libby experiences a continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 2,775 people, 1,297 households, and 644 families in Libby. The population density was 1,506.5 per square mile (581.7/km$2$). There were 1,428 housing units at an average density of 775.2 per square mile (299.3/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.52% (2,512) white or European American (89.62% non-Hispanic white), 0.07% (2) black or African-American, 1.23% (34) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.08% (30) Asian, 0.18% (5) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.86% (24) from other races, and 6.05% (168) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.74% (76) of the population.

Of the 1,297 households, 21.7% had children under the age of 18; 35.0% were married couples living together; 33.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 43.6% of households consisted of individuals and 21.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.1 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 11.5% of the population.

20.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 26.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 105.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $37,434 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,721) and the median family income was $46,905 (+/- $14,298). Males had a median income of $28,533 (+/- $6,664) versus $25,685 (+/- $4,127) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $27,188 (+/- $2,184). Approximately, 9.7% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under the age of 18 and 5.7% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,628 people, 1,252 households, and 647 families residing in the city. The population density was 1375.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,416 housing units at an average density of 741.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.9% White, 0.1% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 1,252 households, of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 48.3% were non-families. 41.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.71.

The median age in the city was 45.8 years. 19.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 28.6% were from 45 to 64; and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

Economy and environment
Libby's economy had been largely supported in the past by the use of natural resources, such as logging and mining. Mining and timber mills have since closed down. Tourism is playing an increasing role in the local economy. The Libby Dam is 17 mi upstream from Libby, one of the Columbia River Treaty Dams, finished in 1975. Libby is known as the "City of Eagles". Several eagle sculptures can be found around town, including a 60 ft eagle at both ends of town.

In 1961, area volunteers opened the Turner Ski Area about 20 miles north of Libby. Owned by a nonprofit foundation, the Ski Area served around 4,600 visits per year in 2017/2018 and relies on volunteer hours and donations for most of its services. In the mid-1980s, a major ski resort was proposed for Great Northern Mountain, 20 mi south of Libby. Discussions on land usage and wildlife reached the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in the Subcommittee on Public Lands and Reserved Water, and ultimately the ski resort was not built.

Libby's energy usage includes or potentially includes multiple renewable resources: biomass, hydroelectric, and solar. In 2008, a report found that wood pellet waste from nearby lumber mills could be used to produce several megawatts of electricity. The Flathead Electric Co-op began purchasing up to 2.5 megawatts of power from the F.H. Stoltze Land & Lumber Company in 2013 with a twenty year contract, leading to the construction of "a biomass-fueled electric generation facility at their plant near Columbia Falls." The Co-op "receives Renewable Energy Credits." The city also generates and sells hydroelectric energy. In 2020, a statewide appraisal of Montana public schools' solar power potential, the Montana Community Solar Project, assessed Libby's schools and found the buildings had good potential, but installing solar panels would be financially inefficient as the schools' "electric demand charges [were] in the 92nd percentile when compared against the cohort of 25 schools."

Vermiculite mine and asbestos contamination
In 1919, vermiculite was discovered in the mountains near town. In 1963 W. R. Grace and Company bought the local mine, by which time it was producing 80% of the vermiculite in the world. Because the local vermiculite contains asbestos, and the mine's byproducts were used in local buildings and landscaping, the town suffered from an extremely high rate of asbestosis. Nearly 10% of the population died from asbestos contamination, and the federal government later charged company officials for complicity. On May 8, 2009, W.R. Grace & Co. was acquitted of charges that it knowingly harmed the people of Libby. It was also acquitted of subsequently participating in any cover-up. Fred Festa, chairman, president and CEO said in a statement, "the company worked hard to keep the operations in compliance with the laws and standards of the day." In 2004, Libby, Montana, a documentary on the situation, was released.

On June 17, 2009, the EPA declared its first public health emergency, which covered Libby and nearby Troy. It had provided an additional $130 million in cleanup and medical assistance. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes a provision which provided Medicare coverage to individuals of such public health emergencies. By 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was concluding the removal of asbestos-contaminated soils and other suspect materials in and near Libby and had spent $425 million in Superfund money on cleanup. That year, an EPA review of toxicity and risks found that the cleanups had managed asbestos exposure risk effectively. By the end of 2018, the EPA had removed "more than one million cubic yards of contaminated soil," and area cleanup was completed that year, except for the location of the former mine, which is the disposal site of the contaminated soil. Contaminated construction materials were disposed of "in a specially designed landfill cell." The remaining contamination is limited to the forests and property in or near the former mine, with cleanup plans pending and with controls for higher exposures during wildfire fighting.

In 2020, the EPA transferred control of the site to the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. The same year, the local Center for Asbestos began offering testing for autoimmune markers for pleural disease, which would act as an early screen for at-risk patients.

Ground water contamination
A second EPA Superfund site is the Libby Ground Water Contamination site at a former lumber and plywood mill which ceased operations in 1969. The mill's disposal practices and spills contaminated the soil, surface water, and groundwater with chemicals including pentachlorophenol, which the EPA discovered in nearby well water in 1979. Site reviews are held every five years, and as of 2020, several controls are in place to prevent contact with and consumption of contaminated materials.

Local government
the mayor and city council members are:
 * Mayor: Peggy Williams
 * City Council: Gary Beach, Melissa Berke, Zachariah McNew, Kristin Smith, Hugh Taylor, and Brian Zimmerman

Media

 * Radio
 * KHRU-LP FM 93.1 religious
 * KLCB AM 1230 country music
 * KTNY FM 101.7 adult hits
 * KUFL FM 90.5 (local NPR station)

 * Newspaper
 * Kootenai Valley Record - Weekly
 * The Western News- biweekly (Lincoln county newspaper of public record)
 * The Montanian - Weekly

Education
Public education in Libby is administered by the Libby School District. The district operates Libby Elementary School and Libby Middle-High School.

Libby Adventist Christian School and Kootenai Valley Christian School are private institutions.

Libby has a public library, a branch of the Lincoln County Public Libraries. Established in 1920 after residents petitioned the Board of County Commissioners, the county free library first operated out of the former Libby Woman’s Club building. The Woman's Club had formerly sponsored a small library of two thousand books for Libby citizens, and members of the Woman’s Club voted to donate the collection to kickstart the new library's circulating collection. The library moved buildings for the next few decades until its current building, the Inez R. Herrig building, was built in 1964. Branches were established in other county towns, and from 1956 to 1974, a bookmobile served smaller areas. The library now provides programming for children and adults and online services such as mobile data hotspots for borrowing.

Flathead Valley Community College offers courses through its Lincoln County Campus in Libby. This campus operates the Glacier Bank Adult Basic Education Learning Center "where students can take free classes in preparation for their GED exams."

Transportation
Amtrak serves Libby through a local station.

U.S. Route 2 and Highway 37 meet at a traffic light in the center of town.

Libby Airport is a public use airport 7 miles south of town.

Notable people

 * Steve Gunderson, politician in Montana, serving Montana House of Representatives for District 1
 * Ralph Heinert, engineer and politician in Montana, serving Montana House of Representatives for District 1
 * John Lovick, magician
 * Scott MacDonald, actor
 * Duane Nellis, president of Ohio University
 * Marc Racicot, Governor of Montana (1993–2001), Chairman of Republican National Committee (2003–2004)
 * Keith Tower, NBA player

Popular culture
The nearby Kootenai Falls and the Swinging Bridge were featured in the 1994 movie The River Wild. The original bridge was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression, and the falls are a sacred site to the Kutenai tribes who originally lived in the area.

The Kootenai Falls were featured in the 2015 movie The Revenant.

title: Libby, Montana


text:
Danville, New Hampshire

Danville is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,408 at the 2020 census. Danville is part of the Timberlane Regional School District, with students attending Danville Elementary School, Timberlane Regional Middle School, and Timberlane Regional High School.

History
In 1694 the parish of Kingstown (now Kingston) was incorporated, and it included the area known as "Hawke" as the westerly part of the parish. There were some families that lived in this region as early as the mid-1600s, but the first recorded settlements were about 1735. The meeting house in Kingstown was quite a distance for the residents of the westerly part of the parish to travel. Travel through this part of town was on roads which were little more than footpaths or bridleways that led from farm to farm. The residents of this westerly part of town built their own meeting house (the Old Meeting House) in 1755 and petitioned the Governor on January 2, 1760, to be set apart and to form their own parish. The petition was granted on February 22, 1760, and Hawke was incorporated. They sold pews in the Old Meeting House on June 23, 1760.

The Tuckertown smallpox epidemic, one of the most memorable and saddest events in Hawke's history, occurred in the winter of 1781–1782. The Reverend John Page willingly went to the "pest house" to care for those afflicted, only to eventually succumb himself.

As the American Revolution ended, farming continued to be the primary livelihood, although the industrial age was slowly moving into rural Hawke. By 1828–1829 there were eight mills for various purposes known to exist. Travel was becoming more important, and from 1790 well into the mid-19th century the town allocated many sums of money for road building and repair. In 1800 it was the practice for a road builder (District Highway Surveyor, the predecessor to our road agents of today) to be granted authority to tax those the road would benefit. The tax was based on the amount of land owned as well as personal wealth. A person was allowed to work off the tax by providing physical labor or oxen and equipment to help with the road construction. In 1833, a warrant provided for "a new highway in the south part of town" that caused some controversy among the townsfolk, but was ultimately completed in 1835.

At the 1836 Town Meeting the original town name of "Hawke" (for the British Admiral Edward Hawke) was changed to "Danville". No definitive explanation has been discovered for the reason for the change or explanation for also considering the name "China".

In the decades leading up to the Civil War, Danville typified rural New England life. Most residents followed agricultural pursuits, although the keeping of orchards and animals began to decline. The impact of the Industrial Revolution was to make its mark especially in the area of home industries and small businesses. Sawmills, cooperages, blacksmithing and small home shoe shops provided extra income for farmers of Danville. Wagons loaded with casks and barrels left town for the port cities of Newburyport, Gloucester, and Salem, Massachusetts, while town cordwainers complemented the shoe industry of Haverhill, Massachusetts, by sewing and lining the shoes that were eventually trimmed, dressed and packed in the nearby city.

Religion, which had been a prime factor in the establishment of Hawke, continued to influence the people. The only two churches in town were constructed in this time period. The Baptist Church was first organized as the Church of Christ in 1820. In 1832 the Free Will Baptist Society was organized, and Deacon Thomas Colby was authorized to build a church on the corner of Main Street and Kingston Road that was later moved to its present location next to Town Hall on Main Street. In 1850 the Union Religious Society built the only other church, other than the Meeting House, on Beach Plain Road.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 30.6 km2, of which 30.2 km2 are land and 0.5 km2 are water, comprising 1.53% of the town. The highest named summit in Danville is Rock Rimmon Hill, with an elevation greater than 350 ft above sea level on the town's eastern border. An unnamed hill on the town's western border also tops 350 feet. The southern two-thirds of Danville lies within the Merrimack River watershed, and the northern third is in the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Fremont (north)
 * Kingston (east)
 * Hampstead (south)
 * Sandown (west)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,023 people, 1,428 households, and 1,122 families residing in the town. The population density was 343.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,479 housing units at an average density of 126.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.59% White, 0.57% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.

There were 1,428 households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.3% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 37.0% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $57,287, and the median income for a family was $63,239. Males had a median income of $45,122 versus $29,351 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,152. About 3.2% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Two New Hampshire state routes cross Danville.

 * NH 111 crosses southern Danville, connecting to Hampstead to Kingston.
 * NH 111A begins in southern Danville at the point where NH 111 enters town from Hampstead, and heads north along Main Street. It leaves at the town's northern border with Fremont.

title: Danville, New Hampshire


text:
Deerfield, New Hampshire

Deerfield is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,855 at the 2020 census, up from 4,280 in 2010. Deerfield is the location of the annual Deerfield Fair.

History
Deerfield was originally part of Nottingham. In 1756, residents petitioned for organization of a separate parish, but were denied. In 1765, while a second petition was pending, two local hunters presented colonial governor Benning Wentworth with a deer. Permission was granted, and "Deerfield" was incorporated in 1766. The incorporation act for Deerfield was signed by three members of the Leavitt family, including Capt. Samuel Leavitt who later was one of the town's first selectmen. Leavitts Hill in Deerfield was named for the family, who had first settled in nearby Exeter.

"Deerfield Parade", a hilltop district first settled circa 1740, was located on the early postal route between Concord and Portsmouth. Here, the militia of the Revolutionary and Civil wars trained and "paraded" on the village common. The "Parade" was then a professional, cultural and trade center. About 1798, citizens founded Deerfield Academy, a high school. It burned in 1842.

Once a thriving farm community which was disappointed when bypassed by railroads, the town in 1876 established the Deerfield Fair. Now billed as "New England's Oldest Family Fair", the four-day event draws huge crowds each autumn to admire animals, produce and crafts, or to enjoy amusement park rides.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 134.9 km2, of which 131.5 sqkm are land and 3.5 sqkm are water, comprising 2.57% of the town. The highest point in Deerfield as well as in Rockingham County is the summit of Nottingham Mountain, at 1345 ft above sea level, near the town's western border. Portions of the Pawtuckaway Mountains occupy the eastern border of the town. Deerfield is primarily drained by the Lamprey River and its tributary the North Branch River, within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed, while the western edge and northernmost section of town is in the Merrimack River watershed.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Northwood, New Hampshire (north)
 * Nottingham, New Hampshire (east)
 * Raymond, New Hampshire (southeast)
 * Candia, New Hampshire (south)
 * Allenstown, New Hampshire (west)
 * Epsom, New Hampshire (northwest)

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 3,678 people, 1,225 households and 986 families residing in the town. The population density was 72.2 /sqmi. There were 1,406 housing units at an average density of 27.6 /sqmi. The racial make-up was 98.53% White, 0.16% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.22% from other races and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30% of the population.

There were 1,225 households, of which 43.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.0% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.27.

Age distribution was 30.0% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median household income was $61,367 and the median family income was $64,737. Males had a median income of $40,568 and females $30,682. The per capita income was $24,160. About 1.3% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

In 2022, the median household income was $119,375.00.

Transportation
Two New Hampshire state routes cross Deerfield.

 * NH 43 connects Candia in the south and Northwood in the north. It follows Old Candia Road, South Road, Stage Road, Raymond Road, North Road, and Mountain View Road, and has a concurrency with NH 107 along Raymond and North Roads.
 * NH 107 connects Raymond in the south and Epsom in the north. It follows Raymond Road and North Road, and has a concurrency with NH 43 through the central part of town.

Education
There is one public school in Deerfield, the Deerfield Community School on North Road, which serves students in grades Pre-K–8. The current principal is Kristen Withee. Deerfield Community School was opened in 1990 and replaced the George B. White School. The George B. White Building is now commercial space and houses, among other things, the town offices and the police department. Deerfield students have attended various local high schools over the years, as there is no high school in the town. Starting with the DCS graduating class of 1995, the town has sent students graduating from Deerfield Community School to Concord High School. Other options have included Coe-Brown Northwood Academy in Northwood, Central High School in Manchester, West High School in Manchester, Pembroke Academy in Pembroke, and Oyster River High School in Durham. The students graduating from Deerfield community school still continue to go to Concord high unless given opportunities to go to other schools.

Notable organizations

 * Troop 138 of the Boy Scouts of America
 * American Legion

Notable people

 * Benjamin Franklin Butler (1818–1893), Civil War era general; U.S. congressman and 33rd governor of Massachusetts
 * Josiah Butler (1779–1854), U.S. congressman
 * Julia Knowlton Dyer (1829–1927), philanthropist
 * Lorenzo D. Harvey (1848–1922), Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin in the late 1880s and early 1900s
 * Benning Wentworth Jenness (1806–1879), U.S. senator
 * Mary Stuart James MacMurphy (1846–1934), teacher, lecturer, clubwoman, author
 * Jon Schillaci (born 1971), convicted rapist, FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive
 * Major John Simpson (1748–1825), Revolutionary War soldier; considered one of several men to fire first at the Battle of Bunker Hill
 * Nathaniel Upham (1774–1829), U.S. congressman

title: Deerfield, New Hampshire


text:
East Kingston, New Hampshire

East Kingston is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,441 at the 2020 census.

History
East Kingston was once a part of Kingston called "Kingston East Parish", but was granted a separate charter in 1738 by Governor Jonathan Belcher. Several residents of East Kingston had petitioned Governor Belcher that its location was too distant from the Kingston school and place of worship.

The town grew up around the saw and grist mill at the Trickling Falls on the edge of Powwow Pond. Farms prospered on the good soil, and ice-cutting in the Powwow River was a thriving winter business before the age of refrigeration. The New England Brick Company was once a principal industry.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 25.8 sqkm, of which 0.1 sqkm are water, comprising 0.56% of the town. The southern half of East Kingston is drained by the Powwow River, a tributary of the Merrimack River, while the remainder is drained by Great Brook, a tributary of the Exeter River, which ultimately drains to the Atlantic Ocean via Great Bay. A very small portion of 285 acre Powwow Pond on the Powwow River lies within the town. Roughly the northern half of East Kingston lies within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed, with the southern half of town located in the Merrimack River watershed. The highest point in town is the summit of Morse Hill, at 315 ft above sea level.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Exeter (northeast)
 * Kensington (east)
 * South Hampton (south)
 * Newton (southwest)
 * Kingston (west)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,784 people, 629 households, and 508 families residing in the town. The population density was 178.6 PD/sqmi. There were 648 housing units at an average density of 64.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.04% White, 0.11% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.95% from other races, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.34% of the population.

There were 629 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.9% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.2% were non-families. 13.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $65,197, and the median income for a family was $71,705. Males had a median income of $52,885 versus $34,702 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,844. About 3.2% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Government
Like most New England towns, East Kingston has a government run by a board of selectmen. The town holds town meetings in the town hall.

Notable people

 * Tom Eaton (born 1971), Grammy-nominated composer
 * Daniel Tilton (1763–1830), Mississippi territorial judge
 * Ebenezer Webster (1739–1806), militia colonel during the American Revolution

title: East Kingston, New Hampshire


text:
Fremont, New Hampshire

Fremont is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,739 at the 2020 census, up from 4,283 at the 2010 census. Fremont is crossed by the Rockingham Recreation Trail (a rail trail) and NH Route 107.

History
Settled in the 1720s, Fremont was originally part of Exeter. The area was once famous for its heavy growth of high-quality eastern white pine trees, reserved for use as masts of the Royal Navy. But residents began to use the wood for home construction. When in 1734 David Dunbar, surveyor-general, visited the Copyhold Mill to inspect fallen lumber, local citizens assembled, discharged firearms, and convinced Dunbar to leave. Dunbar returned emboldened with 10 men, but was forced to flee to a local tavern after citizens disguised as Indians attacked them. This insurrection became known as the Mast Tree Riot.

The town was granted in 1764 by colonial governor Benning Wentworth as "Poplin". In 1853, Poplin petitioned the state legislature to change the name. In 1854, it became "Fremont" after General John C. Frémont, the first candidate of the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1856.

The town is noted for the unspoiled Fremont Meeting House, built in 1800 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1993. The town was once home to the largest brickyard in the state, producing five million bricks a year, and to the downtown Spaulding & Frost Cooperage, established in 1874, one of the oldest operating wooden barrel manufacturers in the country.

B-52 crash
On August 10, 1959, a Boeing B-52 Stratofortress crashed in Fremont. The aircraft, serial number 54-2682, had departed Westover Air Force Base in Chicopee, Massachusetts. During flight at 34000 ft, the crew heard several loud bangs, the radar system became inoperative, and the plane began to vibrate. As the vibrations became more severe, the plane began to lose altitude, and the pilot ordered the crew to bail out at 14000 ft. The pilot remained with the aircraft for several additional minutes, then ejected. The plane crashed into Spruce Swamp at 2:50p.m. local time. The pilot and seven crew members all survived. The crash was attributed to a failure of the radome on the nose of the aircraft.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 45.1 km2, of which 44.5 km2 are land and 0.6 km2 are water, comprising 1.30% of the town. The highest point in Fremont is an unnamed summit, with an elevation of 322 ft above sea level, near the town's western border. The town is drained by the Exeter River, except for the northernmost part which is drained by headwaters of the Piscassic River. Fremont lies fully within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Epping (north)
 * Brentwood (east)
 * Kingston (southeast)
 * Danville (south)
 * Sandown (southwest)
 * Chester (southwest)
 * Raymond (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,510 people, 1,165 households, and 983 families residing in the town. The population density was 204.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,201 housing units at an average density of 70.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.15% White, 0.06% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.

There were 1,165 households, out of which 44.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.1% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.6% were non-families. 10.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 38.0% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $62,171, and the median income for a family was $63,808. Males had a median income of $45,560 versus $27,964 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,082. About 3.8% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Two New Hampshire state routes cross Fremont.

 * NH 107 crosses from Raymond in the northwest to Brentwood in the southeast, following Main Street through the center of town.
 * NH 111A enters from Danville in the south, runs along Danville Road north to Main Street, then joins a concurrency with NH 107 running east, before leaving along Middle Road to the north shortly before entering Brentwood.

Sites of interest

 * Rockingham Recreation Trail: Fremont Branch
 * Fremont Meeting House (1800), also known as the Poplin Meeting House, one of only two 18th century twin-porch meeting houses in New England
 * Fremont Town Hall (1911), the only tin-sided town hall in New Hampshire
 * 1820 Country Market and Deli, fourth-oldest country store in New Hampshire and tenth-oldest in New England

Notable people

 * Lee Bergere (1918–2007), actor known for his work on Dynasty; lived in Fremont for some time before his death
 * Dan Itse (born 1958), former New Hampshire State Representative from Rockingham County
 * The Shaggs, American all-female rock and outsider music band formed in Fremont in 1968

title: Fremont, New Hampshire


text:
Greenland, New Hampshire

Greenland is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,067 at the 2020 census, up from 3,549 at the 2010 census. It is drained by the Winnicut River and bounded on the northwest by Great Bay.

History
One of the earliest settlements in the state, Greenland was a parish of Portsmouth (then called Strawbery Banke) operating in 1638. Captain Francis Champernowne moved from Strawbery Banke in 1640 and settled in the area of the present Portsmouth Country Club. Although it was originally to be called "Canary", he would call his farm "Greenland". His extensive landholdings included a farm which is now the town of Madbury, named for his ancestral home in Devon, England.

Residents requested and were granted a separate parish in 1706. In c. 1710, Captain Samuel Weeks constructed a substantial brick house, thought to be the oldest brick house in New Hampshire still standing. It survived the 1755 Cape Ann earthquake. Only the 18 in beams that supported the structure were cracked during the quake. The Weeks House is denoted by a New Hampshire historical marker (number 113) along New Hampshire Route 33.

Greenland incorporated in 1721. The town annexed parts of Stratham in 1805 and 1847.

On September 1, 1824, the Marquis de Lafayette was received by the citizens of Greenland at a triumphal arch erected in front of the local hotel.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.5 km2, of which 27.2 km2 are land and 7.3 km2 are water, comprising 21.29% of the town. The highest point in Greenland is Breakfast Hill, at 151 ft above sea level, on the town's border with Rye. Greenland is abutted by Great Bay to the north and is primarily drained by the Winnicut River. Greenland lies fully within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Newington (north)
 * Portsmouth (east)
 * Rye (southeast)
 * North Hampton (south)
 * Stratham (west)
 * Newmarket (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,208 people, 1,204 households, and 892 families residing in the town. The population density was 305.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,244 housing units at an average density of 118.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.79% White, 0.28% African American, 0.03% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population.

There were 1,204 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $62,172, and the median income for a family was $67,188. Males had a median income of $44,592 versus $31,815 for females. The per capita income for the town was $31,270. About 3.6% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.1% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Oney Judge (1773–1848), fugitive slave from the household of George Washington
 * John F. Richards (1938–2007), historian of South Asia specializing in the Mughal Empire
 * Benjamin F. Whidden (1813–1896), first U.S. ambassador to Haiti

title: Greenland, New Hampshire


text:
Hampstead, New Hampshire

Hampstead is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 8,998 at the 2020 census. Hampstead, which includes the village of East Hampstead, is home to a portion of the Rockingham Recreational Trail.

History
Once part of Haverhill and Amesbury, Massachusetts, and settled in 1640, this town was formed as a result of the 1739 decision fixing the boundary line between Massachusetts and New Hampshire. It was originally known as "Timberlane Parish" because of the heavy growth of native trees. The town was incorporated in 1749 by colonial governor Benning Wentworth, who renamed it after Hampstead, England, the residence of William Pitt, a close friend.

The Hampstead Meetinghouse, constructed circa 1749–1768, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Hampstead was the home of the first honey factory in the United States, in 1816.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.5 km2, of which 34.8 sqkm are land and 1.7 sqkm are water, comprising 4.72% of the town. Island Pond is in the southwest, with Wash Pond near the center and Angle Pond on the northern border. The highest point in Hampstead is greater than 460 ft above sea level at the town's northwestern corner, near the eastern knob of Butman Hill. Hampstead lies mostly within the Merrimack River watershed, though the area east of Butman Hill and north of Smith Mountain is part the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed. Hampstead is home to Camp Tel Noar, an overnight summer camp on Wash Pond (Sunset Lake).

Adjacent municipalities

 * Sandown (north)
 * Danville (northeast)
 * Kingston (east)
 * Plaistow (southeast)
 * Atkinson (south)
 * Derry (west)

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 8,297 people, 3,044 households, and 2,279 families living in the town. The population density was 623.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3,276 housing units at an average density of 246.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.47% White, 0.23% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78%.

Of the 3,044 households 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.1% were non-families. 20.7% of households were one person and 6.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.19.

The age distribution was 28.9% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median household income was $68,533 and the median family income was $79,114. Males had a median income of $56,625 versus $31,449 for females. The per capita income for the town was $29,195. About 2.4% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Three New Hampshire state routes cross Hampstead:

 * NH 111 crosses the town from the southwest to the northeast corner. It connects to Atkinson in the southwest and Danville in the northeast.
 * NH 121 crosses the western part of town from north to south; it is known locally as Main Street and Stage Road. It connects to Chester in the north via the southwest corner of Sandown and to Atkinson in the south.
 * NH 121A crosses the northeastern corner of town through the village of East Hampstead, connecting Danville in the north and Plaistow in the south. It is known locally as Sandown Road and East Main Street.

The nearest airport is Manchester–Boston Regional Airport along the border of Londonderry and Manchester.

Education
Local public schools include:
 * Hampstead Central School
 * Hampstead Middle School

The Town of Hampstead pays tuition for town students to attend Pinkerton Academy in Derry, and therefore Pinkerton serves as Hampstead's public high school.

Hampstead Academy is a private school in Hampstead.

Notable people

 * Lauren Chooljian (born 1987), radio journalist
 * Andy Seuss (born 1987), professional NASCAR driver

title: Hampstead, New Hampshire


text:
Hampton Falls, New Hampshire

Hampton Falls is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,403 at the 2020 census.

History
Archaeological excavations have confirmed that what is now Hampton Falls has been occupied by humans for roughly 10,000 years. The first settlers were indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands.

The land of Hampton Falls was first settled by Europeans in 1638, the same time as Hampton, of which it was then a part. The settlement of Hampton joined Norfolk County, Massachusetts Colony, in 1643, along with Exeter, Dover, Portsmouth, Salisbury and Haverhill. The county existed until 1679, when the modern-day New Hampshire towns separated from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Records indicate a building that became a church may have existed near where the Weare Monument now is in 1665, but when it was first built is unknown. It was not until 1709 that the town was officially established as the Third Parish of Hampton. The Third Parish originally consisted of all land south of the Taylor River and north of the New Hampshire/Massachusetts border, or the modern-day towns of Seabrook, Kensington, and Hampton Falls.

A meeting house was built shortly after, and Thomas Crosby became the town's minister for the church. Forty-nine members of the Hampton Church were dismissed late in 1711, only to become members of the new church in the Third Parish. Parish officers and a representative were chosen in 1718. The first town meeting was held and town records began that year also. The 7400 acre town received its grant as an independent town with the name "Hampton falls" in 1726, but was still referred to as a parish until the Revolutionary War. Those who did use its actual name in writing spelled it with a lowercase f until around the same time.

An attempt was made in 1732 to separate the western portion of Hampton Falls and make it a parish of Kingston. The proposal failed in a way, yet succeeded in another; the land was separated, but it did not become part of Kingston—in 1737 it became a town of its own, Kensington.

A disease known as the "Throat Distemper" (now thought to have been a malignant form of diphtheria) infected the town with its symptoms in 1735 and 1736. 214 people of Hampton Falls perished, 96 of them being under the age of ten. Only two homes in town were throat distemper free. It passed through the town again in 1754, with far fewer casualties, but still many.

Seventy-two people wanted Hampton Falls (which then included Seabrook and Kensington) to become a part of Massachusetts in 1739, including Meshech Weare, but the proposal failed in the end. In 1765, the Presbyterians of the town wanted to form a new parish in the southern portion of the town, where a church of their religion existed. A town meeting was held on December 30 when the rest of the villagers learned of the Presbyterians' plans, and it was decided that the town would be separated into two. The new parish was formed in 1768, and became incorporated under the name Seabrook shortly after. Hampton Falls was considered one of the leading manufacturing towns in the entire state of New Hampshire around the time of 1770.

A plan to unite Seabrook and portions of Hampton Falls was proposed in 1782. The town would have been called "New Hampton Falls", but Hampton Falls was successful in making the proposal fail. In 1835, the town of Hampton Falls had a new meeting-house erected. Where in town it existed is unknown.

On the night between October 29 and 30 in 1827, an earthquake struck the small town. A flash of light from a fault in the southern region of the town occurred, with violent trembling shortly following. It caused at least three chimneys to collapse partially or completely, with several others cracked. A more severe earthquake had struck Hampton Falls on November 18, 1755.

On May 21, 2006, an F2 tornado formed in the town at around 6:30 p.m. EST. It was near Interstate 95 where it overturned a truck, leaving two injured men and a kayak in a tree.

Geography
The city of Boston is 45 mi to the south, and Portsmouth is 13 mi to the north.

The highest point in town is the summit of Great Hill, at 246 ft above sea level), just north of Weares Mill on the Hampton Falls River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 32.8 sqkm, of which 31.7 sqkm are land and 1.1 sqkm are water, comprising 3.39% of the town. The town is drained by the Hampton Falls and Taylor rivers and is part of the Hampton River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean via Hampton Harbor. Of roughly 4400 acre of salt marsh in the Seabrook-Hamptons Estuary, nearly 1000 acre lie within Hampton Falls.

The town is served by Interstate 95, U.S. Route 1, New Hampshire Route 84 and New Hampshire Route 88.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Hampton (northeast)
 * Seabrook (south)
 * Kensington (west)
 * Exeter (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,890 people, 704 households, and 546 families residing in the town. The population density was 153.9 PD/sqmi. There were 729 housing units at an average density of 59.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.46% White, 0.05% African American, 0.74% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.

There were 704 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.5% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. Of all households, 16.5% were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $76,348, and the median income for a family was $86,229. Males had a median income of $60,250 versus $36,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $35,060. About 2.2% of families and 2.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

According to State figures, "Population in Hampton Falls tripled over the last fifty years, growing above the statewide average rate in three of the five decades. Decennial growth rates ranged from a nine percent increase between 1970–1980 to a 42 percent increase between 1960–1970. Population in Hampton Falls grew by a total of 1,251 residents, going from 629 in 1950 to 1,880 residents in 2000."

Government
Like many New England towns, Hampton Falls has a town meeting/board of selectmen form of government. The current selectmen are Edward Beattie, Mark Lane, and Lou Gargiulo. Town meeting is held annually in the school auditorium, and elections are conducted using a New Hampshire Senate Bill 2 system.

Economy

Once a farming and lumbering community, the numerous falls on the Taylor River provided water power for mills operating within the town. Today it is largely residential, with numerous antique shops along U.S. 1. Applecrest Farm Orchards, established in 1913, is the town's largest employer, with 18 employees.

Education
Currently, the Lincoln Akerman School is the only public school in town. But at one point, five public schools existed, the North, South, West, and two East schools. One of the East Schools, founded around the time of the Civil War, burned down in 1947 when its furnace exploded, and the Lincoln Akerman School replaced it in 1949. While a new school was being built, students had to travel to the neighboring town of Seabrook to attend school. The other East School was moved to an area near the new library. Another school was turned into a home, and another was crushed by a boulder one winter when students pushed it off a hill.

High school students attend Winnacunnet High School in the neighboring town of Hampton.

Heronfield Academy, a private Episcopal middle school, is located on Exeter Road on the border of Hampton Falls and Exeter.

Lincoln Akerman School

Lincoln H. Akerman School (42.91639°N, -70.86694°W) is a kindergarten through 8th grade elementary school and middle school. The school was constructed in 1949 and named after Lincoln Akerman (1916–1942), a local World War II hero and member of the prominent New Hampshire Akerman family.

In 1993, kindergarten was added to the school, though it is not required in the state of New Hampshire.

In the mid-1990s Dan Brown, future best-selling author of The Da Vinci Code, taught Spanish to the school's 6th, 7th, and 8th graders.

In 2003, Lincoln Akerman was cited in The Hampton Union for, according to the New Hampshire Educational Improvement and Assessment Program (NHEIAP), being notable for having scores that were "significantly above the state average" and climbing. Specific subjects cited were social studies, language arts, and math.

The current principal is Beth Raucci, who has held that position since 2018.

Notable people

 * Alice Brown (1856–1948), novelist, poet, playwright
 * Warren Brown (1836–1919), politician, historian, gentleman farmer, businessman
 * Harriet E. Clark (1850–1945), teacher and author
 * Ralph Adams Cram (1863–1942), architect
 * Maura Healey (born 1971), 44th Massachusetts Attorney General, 73rd Governor of Massachusetts
 * Scotty Lago (born 1987), Olympic bronze medalist snowboarder
 * Benson Leavitt (1797–1869), acting mayor of Boston
 * Jonathan Leavitt (1797–1852), publisher
 * Wesley Powell (1915–1981), 70th Governor of New Hampshire
 * Andy Pratt (born 1947), singer-songwriter
 * Florence Ryerson (1892–1965), screenwriter, playwright; co-author of script for The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
 * Franklin Benjamin Sanborn (1831–1917), journalist, author, historian, abolitionist, social reformer
 * John H. Sununu (born 1939), White House chief of staff, 75th governor of New Hampshire
 * Meshech Weare (1713–1786), first president of New Hampshire
 * John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892), poet, abolitionist
 * Paine Wingate (1739–1838), preacher, US senator

title: Hampton Falls, New Hampshire


text:
Kensington, New Hampshire

Kensington is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,095 at the 2020 census.

History
Once a parish of Hampton, Kensington was incorporated in 1737 by New Hampshire governor Jonathan Belcher. Of the 27 towns granted by Governor Belcher, only three were given names, one of which was Kensington, named for Baron Kensington, owner of Kensington Palace in London.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.0 sqkm, of which 0.04 sqkm are water, comprising 0.12% of the town. Kensington is home to 16 named hills of glacial drumlin origin; the highest, Indian Ground Hill, located on the town's border with South Hampton, is 305 ft above sea level. The majority of Kensington lies within the Piscataqua River watershed, via the Exeter River. The southeast portion of town drains to Hampton Harbor via the Taylor and Hampton Falls rivers, and the southwest corner of the town drains to the Merrimack River.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Exeter (north)
 * Hampton Falls (east)
 * Seabrook (southeast)
 * South Hampton (south)
 * East Kingston (west)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,893 people, 657 households, and 532 families residing in the town. The population density was 158.4 PD/sqmi. There were 672 housing units at an average density of 56.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.31% White, 0.11% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.63% Asian, and 0.74% from two or more races.

There were 657 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.9% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.9% were non-families. 13.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $67,344, and the median income for a family was $72,679. Males had a median income of $56,023 versus $35,278 for females. The per capita income for the town was $29,265. About 3.4% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Dan Dailey (born 1947), glass artist
 * Hideaki Miyamura (born 1955), studio potter

Sites of interest
The town has four buildings, each on Amesbury Road (New Hampshire Route 150), listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
 * Kensington Social Library
 * Kensington Town House
 * North School, also known locally as the Brick School
 * Union Meetinghouse-Universalist Church

title: Kensington, New Hampshire


text:
Kingston, New Hampshire

Kingston is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population at the 2020 census was 6,202.

History
Kingston was the fifth town to be established in New Hampshire. Originally, it was a part of Hampton. After King Philip's War, the establishment of new settlements was made possible by peace treaties with the local Indian tribes and, in 1692, by geographical and jurisdictional agreements between the provinces of Massachusetts Bay and New Hampshire. Consequently, certain residents of Hampton petitioned for a grant of a separate township to be created from the western part of Hampton. And so, in 1694, King William III of England granted a royal charter establishing the town of "Kingstown", so named in honor of the King. Use of the title rather than the King's name was common at the time. The original charter exists to this day.

Historic district
The Kingston historic district encompasses the town center of Kingston. Historic buildings and sites within the district include the Kingston town hall; the Josiah Bartlett House, home of the second signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence; the First Universalist Church; the Sanborn Seminary; the Nichols Memorial Research Library; the Kingston Historical Museum (housed in the town's first fire house); The 1686 House restaurant; the Masonic building; the Cemetery at the Plains (where Josiah Bartlett is buried); the Church on the Plains; and the Grace Daley House and barn, home to the town's first church-owned parsonage (1835).

West Kingston
West Kingston is located along the road to Danville, in the western section of town, southwest of Great Pond. Evidence of the early inhabitants was manifested by the construction of a log garrison house on the present Great Pond Road. This well-built house consisted of two large rooms downstairs and a huge open chamber on the second floor. In later years a small ell was attached to the north side. The historic house was demolished at the beginning of the 20th century. The stone step at the main entrance and what must have been the "cellar hole" of this dwelling are still visible.

In the midst of an agrarian society, the charcoal manufacturing industry took root and became a major business in West Kingston. Charcoal was carried by horse-drawn wagons to the Massachusetts cities of Haverhill, Lawrence, North Andover, Newburyport, Lowell, and Amesbury, as well as to Exeter, New Hampshire. Some was sold by street peddlers to be used in homes for the purpose of kindling fires. A great deal was also used by the large machine shops and by the silversmiths.

Many individuals manufactured shoes in their small, one-room shoe shops. Such a shop stood until recently near the Thomas Page residence. Some people sewed shoes in their own homes. Unlike the large-scale factories of today, concerned with mass production, these enterprises constructed the whole shoe, hand-sewing it with an artisan's touch.

A cooper shop on the Wadleigh Farm produced barrels made entirely of wood: the staves were made of pine and hardwoods, and were bound with hoops of birch. Skilled workers made hooks to hold hoops together. When a sufficient number of barrels was collected, the men hauled them to Newburyport to be sold - probably to be used by fishermen in packing fish.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Kingston has a total area of 54.5 km2, of which 51.3 km2 are land and 3.2 km2 are water, comprising 5.90% of the town. The highest point in Kingston is the east summit of Rock Rimmon Hill, at about 350 ft above sea level, on the town's border with Danville to the west. The majority of the town is drained by the Powwow River, a tributary of the Merrimack. The northern portion of town is drained by the Little River, part of the Exeter River/Piscataqua River watershed.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Brentwood (north)
 * Exeter (northeast)
 * East Kingston (east)
 * Newton (south)
 * Plaistow (southwest)
 * Hampstead (southwest)
 * Danville (west)
 * Fremont (northwest)

Listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places

 * First Universalist Church, built in 1879 and in use as a church until 1954
 * Josiah Bartlett House, built in 1774 (not open to the public)
 * Nichols Memorial Library, built in 1898 and now a research library
 * Plains Cemetery, burial site of Josiah Bartlett and some Civil War veterans
 * Sanborn Seminary, built in 1883 and in use until 2006

Other sites

 * Grace Daley House and barn, at risk of being demolished
 * Rock Rimmon Hill
 * Kingston Historical Museum, open to the public during Kingston Days, other special events, and by appointment
 * Kingston State Park
 * Lone Tree Scout Reservation

Kingston Days celebration
The Kingston Days celebration occurs on the first Friday, Saturday and Sunday of August. It is to celebrate the town's incorporation date of August 6, 1694. The celebration offers live music and activities, family fun and a large flea market, car show, and motorcycle show. It also includes various events such as a karate show and a police dog demonstration. During this event the Kingston Historical Museum complex is open to the public, in conjunction with the Nichols Memorial Research Library.

Education
Kingston is part of the Sanborn Regional School District (SAU 17), providing public education to students who live in Kingston, Fremont, and Newton.

Schools in Kingston are:
 * Sanborn Regional High School (grades 9–12)
 * Middle school students (grades 6–8) attend Sanborn Regional Middle School in Kingston.
 * D.J. Bakie Elementary School (grades Pre-K, K, 1–2)
 * Memorial School (3-5) attend Memorial School at Newton

Pre-schools include:
 * Kingston Children's Center (grades Pre-K, K)
 * Story Book Station (grades Pre-K, K, 1)

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,025 people, 2,288 households, and 1,704 families residing in the town. The population density was 305.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,480 housing units, of which 192, or 7.7%, were vacant at the time of the census. The racial makeup of the town was 97.0% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% some other race, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

Of the 2,288 households, 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were headed by married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63, and the average family size was 3.01.

21.2% of the town population were under the age of 18, 7.4% were from age 18 to 24, 23.6% were from 25 to 44, 35.1% were from 45 to 64, and 12.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

For the period 2013–2017, the estimated median annual income for a household in the town was $93,096, and the median income for a family was $101,471. Male full-time workers had a median income of $59,657 versus $54,805 for females. The per capita income for the town was $46,706. About 2.7% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Josiah Bartlett (1729–1795), Founding Father, second signer of the Declaration of Independence; first President of New Hampshire; founder of the New Hampshire Medical Society
 * Luella J. B. Case (1807–1857), author, hymn writer
 * Betty Hill (1919–2004), alleged UFO abductee
 * Adam Lanza (1992–2012), perpetrator of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
 * Henry F. C. Nichols (1833–1890), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly

In popular culture

 * A Season 4 episode of the Discovery Channel series A Haunting, called "Spirits of the Dead", takes place in Kingston.

title: Kingston, New Hampshire


text:
New Castle, New Hampshire

New Castle is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,000 at the 2020 census. It is the smallest and easternmost town in New Hampshire and the only one located entirely on islands. It is home to Fort Constitution Historic Site, Fort Stark Historic Site, and the New Castle Common, a 31 acre recreation area on the Atlantic Ocean. New Castle is also home to a United States Coast Guard station, as well as the historic Wentworth by the Sea hotel.

History
The main island on which the town sits is the largest of several at the mouth of the Piscataqua River and was originally called "Great Island". Settled in 1623, an earthwork defense was built on Fort Point which would evolve into Fort William and Mary (rebuilt in 1808 as Fort Constitution). Chartered in 1679 as a parish of Portsmouth, it was incorporated on May 30, 1693, and was named "New Castle" after the fort. Until 1719 it included Rye, then called "Sandy Beach", which was set off as a parish. The principal industries were trade, tavern-keeping, and fishing. There was also agriculture, using the abundant seaweed as fertilizer.

Beginning on June 11, 1682, Great Island experienced a supernatural event—a lithobolia, or "Stone-Throwing Devil", recorded in a 1698 London pamphlet by Richard Chamberlain. On a Sunday night at about 10 o'clock, the tavern home of George Walton, an early settler and planter, was showered with stones thrown "by an invisible hand". Windows were smashed, and the spit in the fireplace leapt into the air, then came down with its point stuck in the back log. When a member of the household retrieved the spit, it flew out the window of its own accord. The gate outside was discovered off its hinges. Rev. Cotton Mather took an interest in the phenomenon, reporting that:

 * "This disturbance continued from day to day; and sometimes a dismal hollow whistling would be heard, and sometimes the trotting and snorting of a horse, but nothing to be seen.... A man was much hurt by some of the stones. He was a Quaker, and suspected that a woman, who charged him with injustice in detaining some land from her did, by witchcraft, occasion these preternatural occurrences. However, at last they came to an end."

The "Stone-Throwing Devil" created quite a sensation on Great Island. Hundreds of stones mysteriously rained down on George Walton's tavern, as well as onto him and others in the area over the entire summer. Yet no one ever came forward who saw anyone throwing the stones. Many other mysterious events also occurred at that time. Demonic voices were heard, and items were flung about inside Walton's tavern. Prominent Boston minister Increase Mather described the strange events in his book Illustrious Providences.

George Walton, who was in a property boundary dispute with his neighbor, accused her of witchcraft. She, in turn, accused him of being a wizard. Others in the area may also have had reasons to throw stones at Walton. He was a Quaker. Quakers were looked upon with great suspicion by Puritans, and just being a Quaker was a crime. Walton was a successful innkeeper, merchant, and lumberman, and became the largest landowner on the island. Walton was envied by his less industrious neighbors. He was involved in a number of lawsuits over business and property disputes. He also had two Native American employees, which would have caused great concern so soon after war with the Indians (King Philip's War) and because of the uneasy peace that existed. His tavern customers included a variety of rowdy outsiders, including "godless" fishermen, who were considered undesirables by others on the island. Regardless of what caused Walton and his inn to be the victim of a months-long rain of stones, it was the first major outbreak of apparent witchcraft in America.

News of it traveled throughout America and England. Within a few years, accusations of witchcraft would occur in other New England towns, culminating in the famous witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts.

Fort William and Mary was the site of one of the first acts of the American Revolution. On the afternoon of December 14, 1774, colonists arrived aboard gundalows (sailing barges) and raided the fort. Severely outnumbered, Captain John Cochran and the fort's five soldiers surrendered, whereupon the rebels loaded onto a boat 100 barrels of gunpowder. The boat was floated up the Piscataqua River and the powder offloaded for transport to inland towns, including Durham, where the ammunition was stored in the cellar of the Congregational church. The next day, the colonists returned to the fort and removed 16 of the lighter cannon and all small arms. The gunpowder was used at the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill.

A new route to the island was created in 1821 when three bridges (now two bridges and a causeway) connected Frame Point in Portsmouth with the northwestern corner of Great Island. Previously, a bridge on the southwestern point had been the only way to reach New Castle without a boat. The community was then an overlooked fishing village, which helped preserve its colonial architecture. However, in 1874 the Hotel Wentworth was built atop a hill with a view of Little Harbor and the ocean. After early financial difficulties, the establishment was purchased and elaborately refurbished in Second Empire style by Portsmouth alemaker and hotelier Frank Jones. It became the area's most fashionable resort, growing in size until it was a village unto itself. When President Theodore Roosevelt mediated the 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth to end the Russo-Japanese War, envoys from both countries stayed at the Wentworth by the Sea, ferried by launch to negotiations held at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. The hotel was a setting for the 1999 movie, In Dreams.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 5.9 sqkm, of which 2.1 sqkm are land and 3.8 sqkm are water, comprising 64.4% of the town. New Castle occupies an archipelago, consisting of one main island (Great Island) and several smaller islands surrounded by the Piscataqua River and Atlantic Ocean. The main channel of the Piscataqua passes around the north and east sides of Great Island, while Little Harbor is to the south and the smaller islands within Portsmouth Harbor are to the west. The southeastern end of the island, at Fort Stark, faces the Atlantic. The highest point of land is at the Wentworth by the Sea hotel, where the elevation reaches 60 ft above sea level.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Kittery, Maine (north)
 * Rye (southwest)
 * Portsmouth (west)

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 1,000 people in 436 households within the town. The population density was 1,250 PD/sqmi. There were 525 housing units at an average density of 656.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.9% White, 0.4% African American, 0.9% Asian, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

At the 2010 census, 22.1% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.65.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.8% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 20.8% from 25 to 44, 34.0% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $83,708, and the median income for a family was $93,290. Males had a median income of $57,375 versus $35,568 for females. The per capita income for the town was $67,695. None of the families and 0.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including none under 18 and none of those over 65. New Castle was New Hampshire's wealthiest town in terms of per capita income.

Sites of interest

 * Fort Constitution State Historic Site
 * Fort Stark State Historic Site
 * New Castle, NH Historical Society at the Old Library Museum
 * Portsmouth Harbor Light (or Fort Point Light)

Notable people

 * Harriet Ryan Albee (1829-1873), social reformer and philanthropist
 * J.D. Barker (born 1971), NY Times and international bestselling author
 * Samantha Brown (born 1970), travel guide TV host
 * George Frost (1720–1796), seaman, jurist, representative to the Continental Congress
 * Benjamin Randall (1749–1808), religious leader
 * Duncan Robinson (born 1994), NBA player for the Miami Heat
 * Edmund C. Tarbell (1862–1938), American impressionist painter

title: New Castle, New Hampshire