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Chino, California

Chino (Spanish for "Curly") is a city in the western end of San Bernardino County, California, United States, with Los Angeles County to its west and Orange County to its south in the Southern California region.

Chino's surroundings have long been a center of agriculture and dairy farming, providing milk products in Southern California and much of the southwestern United States. Chino's agricultural history dates back to the Spanish land grant forming Rancho Santa Ana del Chino. The area specialized in fruit orchards, row crops, and dairy.

Chino is bounded by Chino Hills and Los Angeles County to the west, Pomona to the northwest, unincorporated San Bernardino County (near Montclair) to the north, including the unincorporated community of Narod, Ontario to the northeast, Eastvale to the southeast in Riverside County and Orange County to the southwest. It is easily accessible via the Chino Valley (71) and Pomona (60) freeways. The population was 91,403 at the 2020 census.

Etymology
The land grant on which the town was founded was called Rancho Santa Ana del Chino. Santa Ana is Spanish for Saint Anne, but the exact meaning of "Chino" has been explained in different ways. One explanation is that the "Chino" (curly-haired person or mixed-race person) was the chief of the local Native American village. The president of the Chino Valley Historical Society, drawing on Civil War-era letters, designates the "curl" referenced in the toponym as that at the top of the grama grass that abounded in the valley.

History
The Tongva had a settlement called Wapijangna in the Santa Ana River watershed. Some residents of Wapijanga were baptized at Mission San Gabriel, which was established in 1771. The Spanish crown claimed the land until Mexican independence was finalized and possession fell to the Mexican government.

Some twenty years later, Mexican governor of Alta California Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho Santa Ana del Chino to Antonio Maria Lugo of the Lugo family. Two years later, his successor, Governor Micheltorena, granted an additional three leagues to Lugo's son-in-law Isaac Williams, who took charge of the rancho. Williams kept large quantities of horses and cattle, which attracted the envy of raiding Native Americans as well as unscrupulous whites. One of the latter was James Beckwourth, who, in 1840, posed as an otter hunter and stayed at Rancho Chino to determine the location of the area's animals, which he then reported to Walkara, the Ute mastermind of the raids.

Early in the Mexican–American War, the Battle of Chino took place at Williams' rancho. The battle ended prior to the arrival of the Mormon Battalion, dispatched on behalf of the United States, who instead labored in the rancho's agricultural harvest and constructed a grist mill.

During the California Gold Rush, the rancho was a popular stopover for travelers, and in the mining fury, coal was discovered there. In 1850, California was admitted to the union, and the process of separating privately held lands from the public domain began. The Williams claim to the Chino Rancho was patented in 1869.

Richard Gird was the next owner of the Rancho. Beginning in 1887, his land was subdivided and laid out. It became the "Town of Chino", and incorporated into a city in 1910. Sugar beets, corn, and alfalfa were raised there.

The Chino Valley, located at the foot of an alluvial plain with fertile topsoil reaching depths of 4 ft, was an agricultural mecca from the 1890s up through the mid-20th century. Sugar beets were a significant part of the economy in the early 1900s, followed by sweet corn (marketed as "Chino corn" throughout the Pacific coast area), peaches, walnuts, tomatoes, and strawberries. The city's official logo/crest features an overflowing cornucopia.

The dairy industry flourished from the 1950s through the 1980s, with dairy-friendly zoning in the southwest corner of San Bernardino County encouraging many ethnic Dutch families to locate there and become the cornerstone of the industry. Chino's large, highly efficient dairies made it the largest milk-producing community in the nation's largest milk-producing state.

Because of its pastoral setting and rural flavor, Chino was a popular site for Hollywood crews to shoot "Midwestern" settings. 1960s movies included Bus Riley's Back in Town starring Ann-Margret and Michael Parks; The Stripper, with Joanne Woodward; and the mid-1960s TV series Twelve O'Clock High, refashioning Chino's rural airport into a British airfield with quonset huts among farm fields.

In the 1970s, Chino developed into a small suburban city, forming the western anchor of the Inland Empire region, and now the city's development has gradually taken on a more middle-class character. There are still many industrial areas as well as farm animals such as goats and chickens. According to the 2004 FBI UCR, the city had about 3.6 violent crimes per 1,000 population, which is typical for an American suburb, and its property crime below average.

On July 11, 2017, in a special election, Chino voters voted against Measure H, which would have allowed 30 acres of rural land located near Ontario to be used to build a total of 180 new homes by home builder D.R. Horton. The measure faced considerable opposition from city residents, despite support from the Chino Chamber of Commerce and school district.

Top employers
According to the city's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Two California state prisons for adults (California Institution for Men and California Institution for Women ), as well as the Heman G. Stark Youth Correctional Facility, lie within the city limits.

Education
Chino is a part of the Chino Valley Unified School District.

Elementary schools
Chino has had 11 elementary schools:
 * El Rancho Elementary (closed in 2008–2009 school year )
 * Alicia Cortez Elementary
 * Newman Elementary
 * E.J. Marshall Elementary
 * Dickson Elementary
 * Anna Borba Fundamental
 * Howard Cattle Elementary
 * Richard Gird Elementary (closed in 2008–2009 school year )
 * Edwin Rhodes Elementary
 * Walnut Avenue Elementary
 * Liberty Elementary

Junior high schools
Chino has four junior high schools:
 * Briggs Junior High School
 * Ramona Junior High School
 * Magnolia Junior High School
 * Woodcrest Junior High School

High schools
Chino has three high schools:
 * Don Lugo High School
 * Buena Vista High School
 * Chino High School

Charter schools
Chino has one charter school:
 * Oxford Preparatory Academy (Closed)
 * Allegiance STEAM Academy

K-8 schools
Chino has three K-8 schools:
 * Lyle S. Briggs Fundamental School
 * Cal Aero Preserve Academy
 * Legacy Academy

Chino is serviced by a satellite center of Chaffey College, a community college.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.7 sqmi. 29.6 sqmi of it is land and 0.04% is water.
 * Chino is a suburb in San Bernardino County, located 33 mi from the county seat, San Bernardino.
 * Los Angeles, 35 mi
 * Riverside, 26 mi
 * Santa Ana, 30 mi
 * Anaheim, 24 mi

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Chino has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. Chino has long, hot summers with cool to mild mornings and short, mild, and wet winters with chilly mornings usually in the 40s. Precipitation peaks during the month of February.

2010
At the 2010 census Chino had a population of 77,983. The population density was 2,629.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Chino was 43,981 (56.4%) White (27.8% Non-Hispanic White), 4,829 (6.2%) African American, 786 (1.0%) Native American, 8,159 (10.5%) Asian, 168 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 16,503 (21.2%) from other races, and 3,557 (4.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 41,993 persons (53.8%).

The census reported that 70,919 people (90.9% of the population) lived in households, 164 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 6,900 (8.8%) were institutionalized.

There were 20,772 households, 9,979 (48.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 12,426 (59.8%) were married couples living together, 3,041 (14.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,469 (7.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,185 (5.7%) households of unmarried couples; of which 147 (0.7%) were same-sex. 2,840 households (13.7%) were one person and 1,020 (4.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.41. There were 16,936 families (81.5% of households); the average family size was 3.72.

The age distribution was 19,737 people (25.3%) under the age of 18, 8,530 people (10.9%) aged 18 to 24, 25,091 people (32.2%) aged 25 to 44, 18,954 people (24.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,671 people (7.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.

There were 21,797 housing units at an average density of 735.1 per square mile, of the occupied units 14,315 (68.9%) were owner-occupied and 6,457 (31.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.4%. 49,280 people (63.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 21,639 people (27.7%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Chino had a median household income of $71,671, with 9.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 67,168 people in 17,304 households, including 14,102 families, in the city. The population density was 3,190.5 PD/sqmi. There were 17,898 housing units at an average density of 850.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 55.7% White, 7.8% African American, 0.9% Native American, 4.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 25.6% from other races, and 4.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 47.4%.

Of the 17,304 households 47.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% were non-families. 14.1% of households were one person and 5.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.4 and the average family size was 3.8.

The age distribution was 28.5% under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 124.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 133.1 males.

The median household income was $55,401 and the median family income was $59,638. Males had a median income of $35,855 versus $30,267 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,574. About 6.3% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The city is governed by a five-member council consisting of a mayor plus four councilmembers. The mayor is elected at-large and council members are elected by district; all serve four-year terms. The city manager and city attorney are appointed by the council. The city's elections, which are plurality, are held on a Tuesday after the first Monday in November of even-numbered years.

Federal and state representation
Chino is included in the 35th and 39th congressional districts, which are represented by and, respectively.

In the California State Legislature, Chino is in, and in 52nd Assembly District by Democrat Freddie Rodriquez

Transportation
The Chino Transit Center is located at 6th and Chino Avenue. From there, the #85 and #88 Omnitrans buses connect northbound to the Montclair Transcenter, where many daily Metrolink, Foothill Transit, Omnitrans, and Silver Streak connections are available to downtown Los Angeles and points in between.

Notable people

 * Brent Billingsley, MLB player
 * Chris McFoy, NFL player
 * Diana Taurasi, guard for the Phoenix Mercury
 * Esera Tuaolo, NFL player
 * Geoff Blum, MLB player
 * George Uko, NFL player
 * Greg Salas, NFL player
 * Jarron Gilbert, NFL player
 * Joaquin Zendejas, NFL player
 * Luis Zendejas, NFL player
 * Mark Vander Poel, NFL player
 * Max Zendejas, NFL player
 * Paul Crowe, NFL player
 * R.J. Stanford, NFL player
 * Sedrick Ellis, NFL player
 * Shelly Martinez, WWE wrestler
 * Tony Zendejas, NFL player

Local attractions
The Planes of Fame and Yanks Air Museum are air museums located at Chino Airport.

title: Chino, California


text:
Chino Hills, California

Chino Hills is a city located in the southwestern corner of San Bernardino County, California, United States. The city borders Los Angeles County on its northwest side, Orange County to its south and southwest, and Riverside County to its southeast.

Indigenous
Prior to the colonization of the area by the Spanish Empire in the late 18th century, the Tongva village of Wapijanga was the major point of influence in what would become referred to as Chino Hills. The village was an important point of connection between the Tongva and Serrano.

Spanish and Mexican eras
After the Spanish founded Mission San Gabriel in 1771, the Chino Hills region was used extensively for grazing by mission cattle. During the Mexican Republic era, the hills were used as spillover grazing from such surrounding Mexican ranchos as Santa Ana del Chino and Rancho La Sierra (Yorba).

Early American era
This land was sold to Richard Gird, the founder of nearby Chino subdivision and from which the town of Chino sprung in 1910. With the building of the Carbon Canyon Mineral Springs in the modern-day Sleepy Hollow region of the city and the new Los Serranos Country Club in Los Serranos, Chino Hills, California, the area became a destination for both Los Angeles tourists and bootleggers during the prohibition because of its isolation. For the same reason, Sleepy Hollow became a destination for hippies and artists during the 1960s. During the late 1980s, an incorporation effort began and in 1991, the city was incorporated with a population of 42,000.

Development
Due to its topography of rolling hills, Chino Hills was primarily rural prior to the mid-1970s; most land was utilized for equestrian purposes and for dairies, except for the multi-use purposes of the State of California, promoting jobs for the community through day labor from the Chino Institute for Men on Central Avenue. Rapid and extensive housing developments followed throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, only slowing down in recent years. Most neighborhoods are arranged in a village-type format with strategically placed shopping centers and parks designed to be within walking distance of nearby homes.

The Vellano Country Club, a private golf course and housing development, was designed by golf champion Greg Norman, his first project in the Greater Los Angeles area.

Chino Hills also includes the developed golf course development neighborhood of Los Serranos. Other large master-planned subdivisions without amenities include Woodview/Village Crossing, Gordon Ranch, LaBand Village, Butterfield Ranch, Rolling Ridge, Fairfield Ranch, and Payne Ranch.

Contemporary era
On July 29, the 2008 Chino Hills earthquake, a 5.4 magnitude earthquake, occurred at approximately 11:42:15 am PDT (18:42:15 UTC). Some incidents of damage were reported, but no fatalities or severe injuries occurred as a result. The earthquake was felt as far south as San Diego and as far north as Las Vegas. The epicenter was located in the southeast portion of the Yorba Linda Fault.

Physical geography
Chino Hills is a part of the Chino Valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 44.8 sqmi, much of which is undeveloped rolling hills, including the Chino Hills State Park. 44.7 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (0.15%) is water.

City layout
The city of Chino Hills is bounded by the Los Angeles County cities of Pomona and Diamond Bar to the north and to the northwest, the Los Angeles County unincorporated area of South Diamond Bar to the west, the San Bernardino County city of Chino to the east, unincorporated Riverside County near Corona to the southeast, and the Orange County cities of Brea and Yorba Linda to the west and southwest, respectively, as well as an unincorporated area of Orange County between Brea and Yorba Linda and a small unincorporated area between Yorba Linda and Anaheim, to the southwest and south, respectively.

The eastern border of Chino Hills roughly follows the Chino Valley Freeway (SR 71), which offers access to the Pomona Freeway (SR 60) to the north and the Riverside Freeway (SR 91) to the south. Undeveloped hills form the western border, which also serves as the San Bernardino – Orange County line. Because this area is mostly undeveloped, there is only one road directly connecting Chino Hills and Orange County, Carbon Canyon Road (SR 142), which is long, winding, and prone to landslides.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Chino Hills had a population of 74,799. The population density was 1,671.5 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Chino Hills was 38,035 (50.8%) White (33.4% Non-Hispanic White), 3,415 (4.6%) African American, 379 (0.5%) Native American, 22,676 (30.3%) Asian, 115 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 6,520 (8.7%) from other races, and 3,659 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21,802 persons (29.1%).

The Census reported that 74,644 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 8 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 147 (0.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 22,941 households, out of which 11,026 (48.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 15,840 (69.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,381 (10.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,101 (4.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 834 (3.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 142 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,713 households (11.8%) were made up of individuals, and 717 (3.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25. There were 19,322 families (84.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.54.

The population was spread out, with 20,291 people (27.1%) under the age of 18, 7,147 people (9.6%) aged 18 to 24, 20,207 people (27.0%) aged 25 to 44, 21,889 people (29.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,265 people (7.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.

There were 23,617 housing units at an average density of 527.8 /sqmi, of which 18,421 (80.3%) were owner-occupied, and 4,520 (19.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%. 61,152 people (81.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 13,492 people (18.0%) lived in rental housing units. The median household income was $106,099 and the mean household income was $122,788. For families, the median income was $109,106 and the mean was $127,755.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 66,787 people, 20,039 households, and 17,073 families residing in the city. The population density was 575.5/km$2$ (1,490.6/mi2). There were 20,414 housing units at an average density of 175.9/km$2$ (455.6/mi2). The racial makeup of the city was 56.4% White, 5.5% African American, 0.6% Native American, 22.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 10.6% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. 25.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The average house cost was $654,250.

There were 20,039 households, out of which 53.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.6% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.8% were non-families. 10.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.33 and the average family size was 3.61. The average home price (excluding the unincorporated area of Los Serranos) was approximately $716,900, and the median home price was $659,900.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.9% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 35.6% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 4.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $83,550, and the median income for a family was $81,794. Males had a median income of $55,272 versus $38,620 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,182. The average income for the city was $95,990. 4.1% of the population and 2.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 4.7% of those under the age of 18 and 3.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Top employers
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Arts and culture
The Egyptian Building, a building imitating ancient Egyptian architecture whilst housing a restaurant, is located in the city.

Library
The Chino Hills Library is a branch of the San Bernardino County Library System. The current library opened in 2009 and is part of the government center on City Center Drive.

In film
The area was the fictionalized location of the initial Martian spacecraft's landing in 1953's The War of the Worlds. In the film, Pastor Collins, a resident of nearby Corona, California, refers to the meteor as having landed "halfway to Pomona". Subsequent geographical references by Colonel Heffner indicate the landing place as somewhere near "Carbon Canyon".

Parks and recreation
The city of Chino Hills has 44 municipal parks. One such example is Overlook Park, which spans 1.5 acres and features scenic views of the Pomona Valley, Chino Hills, and San Gabriel Mountains. It has picnic tables, barbecue grills, and a seating area.

Local
Chino Hills follows the Council-Manager model of government. The city is governed by a city council which establishes all city ordinances, approves plans, adopts budgets, etc. The council appoints the city manager who enforces laws and, in essence, runs the city's day-to-day operations.

City council
The city council is elected by city residents and, within the council, rotates the position of mayor. Once elected, the city council members serve a four-year term. The five city council members meet on the second and fourth Tuesday of each month, with opportunity for residents to voice their opinion during the open forum. The meetings are broadcast via the city's television station and streaming via the city's website.

The current mayor and council members are:
 * Mayor: Cynthia Moran
 * Vice mayor: Art Bennett
 * Council Members: Brian Johsz, Peter Rogers and Ray Marquez

List of mayors
The City Council selects one member to serve as Mayor for a one-year term. This is a list of Chino Hills mayors by year.
 * 2009 Peter Rogers
 * 2012 Art Bennett
 * 2013 Peter Rogers
 * 2015 Cynthia Moran
 * 2016 Art Bennett
 * 2017 Ray Marquez
 * 2018 Peter Rogers
 * 2019 Cynthia Moran
 * 2020 Art Bennett
 * 2021 Brian Johsz
 * 2022 Peter Rogers

State and federal representation
Chino Hills reliably supports the Democratic Party, though by smaller margins compared to other regions such as the more-northerly Pomona. Chino Hills' most pro-Republican areas are in the southern and eastern regions.

In the state legislature following the 2020 elections, Chino Hills is located in the 29th Senate District, represented by Democrat Josh Newman (politician), and in the 55th Assembly District, represented by Republican Phillip Chen.

In the United States House of Representatives, Chino Hills is split between California's 35th congressional district and California's 40th congressional district, represented by and  respectively.

Education
Chino Hills is served by the Chino Valley Unified School District.

Elementary schools

 * Hidden Trails
 * Country Springs
 * Eagle Canyon
 * Oak Ridge
 * Butterfield Ranch
 * Michael G. Wickman
 * Chaparral
 * Gerald F. Litel
 * Glenmeade
 * Rolling Ridge
 * Edwin Rhodes

Junior high schools

 * Canyon Hills Junior High
 * Robert O. Townsend Junior High

High schools

 * Ruben S. Ayala High School
 * Chino Hills High School
 * Boys Republic - a treatment center for boys ages 12 to 18

Independent schools

 * Loving Savior of the Hills
 * Chino Hills Christian School
 * Chino Hills Montessori School

Charter schools

 * Mirus Secondary School
 * Sycamore Academy of Science and Cultural Arts

Police and fire
Law enforcement services in Chino Hills are provided by the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department. The Chief of Police is Sheriff’s Captain Garth Goodell. Chino Hills has contracted with the sheriff's department for law enforcement services since its incorporation in 1991.

The city contracts with the Chino Valley Independent Fire District (CVIFD) for fire protection services. The CVIFD serves the Chino Valley, serving Chino Hills and the city of Chino. The CVIFD is a separate political entity from either Chino Hills or Chino and is managed by its own elected board. The department has three stations located throughout Chino Hills.

Local highways

 * State Route 60
 * State Route 71
 * State Route 91
 * State Route 142

Public transportation
Chino Hills is served by Omnitrans' OmniLink demand-response service open to the general public. For $2.50 each way, one can travel throughout the city and transfer for free to the Omnitrans public bus at the Chino Hills Marketplace and the Chino Hills Civic Center. The dial-a-ride service operates five days a week, mostly during daytime hours.

Notable people

 * A Static Lullaby, major label-signed post-hardcore band
 * A Thorn for Every Heart, major label-signed post-hardcore band
 * LaMelo Ball, point guard for the Charlotte Hornets
 * LaVar Ball, American businessman and former professional football player
 * LiAngelo Ball, basketball player
 * Lonzo Ball, point guard for the Chicago Bulls, drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2017 NBA draft as the Number 2 overall pick after playing his freshmen year of college basketball for UCLA
 * Makenzy Doniak, professional National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL) forward for San Diego Wave
 * Cory Harkey, Los Angeles Rams tight end
 * Mike Harkey, former Major League pitcher and pitching coach, 1987 first-round draft pick Chicago Cubs
 * Danny Lopez, Hall of Fame boxer
 * Steve McQueen (1930–80), actor, spent some of his teen years at Boys Republic High School
 * Ricky Minor, American Idol music director
 * Mat Mladin, AMA Superbike champion
 * Tracy Murray, retired NBA Champion
 * Leah O'Brien-Amico, U.S. Olympic softball group gold medalist
 * Tony Pedregon, NHRA Funny Car champion
 * Rafael Pérez, former Los Angeles Police Department officer, convicted in relation to the Rampart scandal
 * Mike Randolph, Los Angeles Galaxy soccer player
 * Ron Roenicke, MLB player and manager
 * Jaclyn Swedberg, Playboy Playmate of the Month for April 2011
 * Brianne Tju, actress
 * Kwame Watson-Siriboe, Real Salt Lake City soccer player
 * Tyler Wilson, soccer player
 * Del Worsham, NHRA Funny Car driver

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chino Hills, California


text:
Colton, California

Colton is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Nicknamed "Hub City", Colton is located in the Inland Empire region of the state and is a suburb of San Bernardino, approximately 4 mi south of the city's downtown. The population of Colton is 52,154 according to the 2010 census, up from 47,662 at the 2000 census.

Colton is the site of Colton Crossing, which was one of the busiest at-grade railroad crossings in the United States. The crossing was installed in 1882 by the California Southern Railroad to cross the Southern Pacific Railroad tracks while building northward from San Diego. As a result of railroad acquisitions and mergers, this became the point at which the Burlington Northern Santa Fe's "Southern Transcontinental Route" crossed the Union Pacific's "Sunset Route". As traffic on each line began to soar in the mid-1990s, fueled largely by the vast increase in imports passing through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, the primitive crossing became a serious bottleneck. On August 28, 2013, the at-grade crossing was officially replaced by a fly-over that raises the east–west UP tracks over the north–south BNSF tracks.

Despite its status as a railroad town, Colton does not have passenger rail service. Passenger trains operated by Amtrak and Metrolink pass through Colton but do not stop there.

Geography
Colton is located at 34.065°N, -117.32167°W (34.064945, -117.321687).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.0 sqmi. 15.3 sqmi of it is land and 0.7 sqmi of it (4.46%) is water.

Slover Mountain, once the highest point in San Bernardino Valley and the site of the Colton Liberty Flag, is located in the city.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Colton has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

2010
At the 2010 census Colton had a population of 52,154. The population density was 3,251.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Colton was 22,613 (43.4%) White (13.0% Non-Hispanic White), 5,055 (9.7%) African American, 661 (1.3%) Native American, 2,590 (5.0%) Asian, 176 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 18,413 (35.3%) from other races, and 2,646 (5.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37,039 persons (71.0%).

The census reported that 51,824 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 85 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 245 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 14,971 households, 7,826 (52.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 7,167 (47.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,233 (21.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,340 (9.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,268 (8.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 106 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,452 households (16.4%) were one person and 614 (4.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.46. There were 11,740 families (78.4% of households); the average family size was 3.86.

The age distribution was 16,671 people (32.0%) under the age of 18, 6,360 people (12.2%) aged 18 to 24, 14,965 people (28.7%) aged 25 to 44, 10,495 people (20.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,663 people (7.0%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 28.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

There were 16,350 housing units at an average density of 1,019.4 per square mile, of the occupied units 7,766 (51.9%) were owner-occupied and 7,205 (48.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.2%. 28,063 people (53.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 23,761 people (45.6%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Colton had a median household income of $41,496, with 22.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 47,690 people in 14,520 households, including 10,904 families, in the city. The population density was 3,154.3 PD/sqmi. There were 15,680 housing units at an average density of 1,037.7 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 42.7% White, 11.0% African American, 1.3% Native American, 5.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 34.5% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 60.7%.

Of the 14,520 households 46.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 19.4% of households were one person and 4.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.3 and the average family size was 3.8.

The age distribution was 34.9% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 6.4% 65 or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.

The median household income was $35,777 and the median family income was $37,911. Males had a median income of $32,152 versus $25,118 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,460. About 18.2% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Colton is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Colton is in.

Indigenous peoples
Before Spanish settlement, the area was inhabited by the Tongva, Serrano, and Cahuilla. The Tongva village of Homhoangna was located in the area that is now Colton, situated near the base of the foothills of Reche Canyon, historically known as Homhoa Canyon, derived from the Tongva language word homhoabit or "hilly place."

Spanish and Mexican settlement
During the Mission Era the Mission San Gabriel established a Spanish settlement Politana in 1810, just northeast of what is now Colton. By 1840, Colton was part of two private ranchos, Jurupa and San Bernardino Rancho. From southwest area of modern-day Colton was known as "Agua Mansa" (Gentle Waters). It had been settled by New Mexico pioneers in 1842. What is currently known as Cooley Ranch was known as Indian Knolls for nearly 100 years. This is because the Indians living in what is now the San Bernardino Valley found refuge on the knolls of the property during the flood of 1862.

American settlement
The original owner of the property was George Cooley of Kent, England who had moved to Colton in 1853 and who purchased 200 acres at $3.50 an acre along the Santa Ana River the next year. Cooley was chairman of the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors in San Bernardino County. By 1873, the property had mushroomed into a 400-acre property. Eventually, when property taxes had increased, the property was sold to Villelli Enterprises of La Habra. The city was named after David Douty Colton, who had been a brigadier general of the California State Militia in 1855, prior to the Civil War. He was later the vice president of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company.

Colton was created in its modern form when the Southern Pacific Railway was built heading east from Los Angeles in 1875. It was founded in 1875 and incorporated in 1887. Colton was the site of conflict between the Southern Pacific Transportation Company and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway at Colton Crossing when both railroads wanted to cross through the town.

Virgil Earp lived in Colton at 528 West “H” Street where he was the town's first marshal. He resided in Colton from 1883 to 1889. Morgan Earp is buried at Hermosa Cemetery.

1950s–present
In 1953, a significant portion of the historic downtown of Colton was bulldozed to make room for the Ramona Freeway, which would later be named the San Bernardino Freeway. This included the block on the west side of Eighth Street north of J, including the then 70-year-old Helman's Department Store building, originally housing the First National Bank of Colton, on the corner and the Willet's Department Store building to its north. Both stores moved to locations further north on Eighth.

Economy
According to the city's 2021 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Notable people

 * 40 Glocc (born 1974) – rapper
 * Tyler Ankrum (born 2001) – NASCAR K&N Pro Series East driver
 * Allen Bradford NFL Football player
 * Adriana Briscoe - National Academy of Sciences member
 * Cam Carreon (1937–1987) – baseball player
 * Kit Carson (1912–1983) – baseball player
 * George Caster (1907–1955) – baseball player
 * Dennis Crane – football player, Detroit Lions
 * Jay Dahl (1945–1965) – baseball player
 * Rich Dauer – baseball player, World Series champion
 * Nicholas Porter Earp (1813–1907) – father of Wyatt Earp
 * Wyatt Earp (1848–1929) – frontier lawman
 * Virgil Earp (1843–1905) – frontier lawman, older brother of Wyatt Earp; 1st city marshal of Colton
 * Morgan Earp (1851–1882) - Lawman
 * Gene Evans (1922–1998) – actor
 * Jada Hart, tennis player
 * Rodolfo Hernandez (born 1931) – Medal of Honor recipient, Korean War
 * Kat Von D aka Kathrine Drachenburg (born 1982) – tattoo artist, star of LA Ink
 * Ken Hubbs (1941–1964) – Chicago Cubs infielder, 1962 Rookie of the Year
 * Jim Messina (born 1947) – musician (Buffalo Springfield, Loggins & Messina)
 * George T. Sakato – Medal of Honor recipient, World War II
 * Jeremy Suarez (born 1990) – actor, The Bernie Mac Show
 * Jimmy Webb (born 1946) – songwriter
 * Susan Woodstra (born 1957) – silver medalist, 1984 Summer Olympics, women's volleyball
 * Shareece Wright NFL Football player
 * Jimmy Smith NFL Football Player

title: Colton, California


text:
Crestline, California

Crestline is a census-designated place in the San Bernardino Mountains of San Bernardino County, California, USA. The population was 10,770 at the 2010 census, up from 10,218 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Crestline is located at 34.2425°N, -117.29°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Crestline has a total area of 14.0 sqmi. 13.8 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (1.00%) is water.

Crestline is located within the San Bernardino National Forest; Lake Gregory is located in the center of Crestline.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Crestline has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csb on climate maps.

2010
At the 2010 census Crestline had a population of 10,770. The population density was 770.4 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Crestline was 9,289 (86.2%) White (77.0% Non-Hispanic White), 107 (1.0%) African American, 135 (1.3%) Native American, 96 (0.9%) Asian, 20 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 526 (4.9%) from other races, and 597 (5.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,775 persons (16.5%).

The census reported that 10,723 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 39 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 8 (0.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 4,360 households, 1,286 (29.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,108 (48.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 451 (10.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 247 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 309 (7.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 57 (1.3%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,190 households (27.3%) were one person and 362 (8.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.46. There were 2,806 families (64.4% of households); the average family size was 2.97.

The age distribution was 2,375 people (22.1%) under the age of 18, 875 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 2,383 people (22.1%) aged 25 to 44, 3,838 people (35.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,299 people (12.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 43.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.

There were 7,333 housing units at an average density of 524.6 per square mile, of the occupied units 3,123 (71.6%) were owner-occupied and 1,237 (28.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 6.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 13.8%. 7,463 people (69.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,260 people (30.3%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Crestline had a median household income of $50,079, with 16.8% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 10,218 people, 4,000 households, and 2,767 families in the CDP. The population density was 940.4 PD/sqmi. There were 6,695 housing units at an average density of 616.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.0% White, 0.8% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 5.0% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.5%.

Of the 4,000 households 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 24.7% of households were one person and 6.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.0.

The age distribution was 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 29.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

The median household income was $44,257 and the median family income was $51,655. Males had a median income of $48,772 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,987. About 6.6% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Crestline is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Crestline is in California’s 23rd Congressional District, respresented by Republican Jay Obernolte.

Education
Crestline Community is served by the Rim of the World Unified School District. It includes three (K-5) elementary schools (Valley of Enchantment, Charles Hoffman, Lake Arrowhead), one (6-8) intermediate school (Mary Putnam Henck), and two high schools (Mountain, Rim Of The World Senior). Calvary Chapel Bible College is also located in nearby Twin Peaks.

Neighborhoods in Crestline
The greater community of Crestline includes the neighborhoods known as Valley of Enchantment, Valley of the Moon, Cedarpines Park, and Twin Peaks.

Notable residents

 * Judy Shapiro-Ikenberry (born 1942), long-distance runner
 * Church of Spiritual Technology, a church part of the Church of Scientology is located in Crestline on CA-189

title: Crestline, California


text:
Fontana, California

Fontana is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Founded by Azariel Blanchard Miller in 1913, it remained essentially rural until World War II, when entrepreneur Henry J. Kaiser built a large steel mill in the area. It is now a regional hub of the trucking industry, with the east–west Interstate 10 and State Route 210 crossing the city and Interstate 15 passing diagonally through its northwestern quadrant. The city is about 46 mi east of Los Angeles.

The United States Census Bureau reported that Fontana's 2020 population was 208,393, making it the second-most-populous city in San Bernardino County and the 21st largest in the state.

History
Native Americans inhabited the area.

Fontana, formerly Rosena from 1898 to 1919, was founded in 1919 by Azariel Blanchard Miller. The name fontana is Italian for fountain or water source; the city is close to the Santa Ana River to the east. Within a few years, it became an agricultural town of citrus orchards, vineyards and chicken ranches and astride U.S. Route 66 (now known as Foothill Boulevard). The Fontana area was radically transformed during World War II when Henry J. Kaiser built the Kaiser Steel plant just outside the city limits. At the time, it was one of only two steel mills west of the Mississippi River. To provide for the plant workers' health needs, Henry J. Kaiser constructed the Fontana Kaiser Permanente medical facility, now the largest managed care organization in the United States.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Fontana was home to a drag racing strip that was a venue in the NHRA circuit. Mickey Thompson's Fontana International Dragway was also referred to as Fontana Drag City or Fontana Drag Strip. The original Fontana strip is gone, but the owners of NASCAR's new Auto Club Speedway opened a NHRA-sanctioned drag strip just oustside Fontana in mid-2006.

Ro-Val's automobile museum, located on Foothill Boulevard on the western outskirts between Fontana and Cucamonga, was the home for many classic automobiles of the 1920s and 1930s, including a huge vehicle once owned by screen actor Fatty Arbuckle. When the Ro-Val museum closed, the vehicles were sold to Bill Harrah, a Nevada casino owner and automobile collector, who placed them on display in the museum located at his casino.

In 2000, the city had a total population of 128,929; by 2020, the city had 212,704 residents. This rapid growth was largely due to the numerous large, new residential developments built in the sparsely populated northern part of the city, as well as with the city's aggressive (and highly successful) campaign to annex several unincorporated, but developed, San Bernardino County areas in 2006–2007.

In 2019, the California Air Resources Board advised the City against housing people within 1,000 feet of industrial warehouses because of harmful truck pollution. The city was also sued by San Bernardino County, the Center for Biological Diversity, the Sierra Club and the Center for Community Action and Environmental Justice over the approval of West Valley Logistics Center, which violated state environmental laws.

In 2021, the city was sued by the State of California Attorney General's office for violation of the California Environmental Quality Act by encouraging warehouse development in low-income areas.

Geography
Most of the city of Fontana, like its eastern neighbors Rialto and San Bernardino, is built atop a geologically young, gently southward-sloping alluvial fan from nearby Lytle Creek, deposited mainly during the Holocene and late-Pleistocene epochs. There are also sedimentary deposits of similar age from Etiwanda Creek on the western edge of the city. However, the northern and southern edges of the city are formed by the much older San Gabriel and Jurupa mountain ranges, respectively. The Jurupa Mountains are composed primarily of Cretaceous and Paleozoic-era rocks, as are the San Gabriels, which also include even older, Proterozoic formations. The most prominent of the San Gabriel Mountains visible from Fontana is Cucamonga Peak, elevation 8,859 ft. Additionally, the Cucamonga Fault Zone, contiguous with the Sierra Madre Fault Zone, runs through the northern part of the city, along the base of the San Gabriels, notably through the Hunter's Ridge and Coyote Canyon planned communities. It is estimated to be capable of producing earthquakes approximately of magnitude 6.0-7.0.

The city's listed elevation, measured from the northeast corner of the intersection of Upland Avenue and Sierra Avenue, downtown by City Hall, is 1237 ft. The highest elevation within the city limits is approximately 2,600 ft, in the northernmost part of the Panorama neighborhood of Hunter's Ridge. The lowest point within the city limits is approximately 840 ft, at the intersection of Etiwanda and Philadelphia avenues, in the extreme southwestern corner of the city. This difference in elevation is due to the southward slope of the Lytle Creek alluvial fan.

Climate
The city is frequently affected by the strong, hot and dry Santa Ana winds as they blow through the nearby Cajon Pass of the San Gabriel Mountains, from the Mojave Desert. Fontana can also be extremely hot in summer, well over 100 F.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Fontana had a population of 196,069. The population density was 4,620.8 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Fontana was 92,978 (47.4%) White (15.4% Non-Hispanic White), 19,574 (10.0%) African American, 1,957 (1.0%) Native American, 12,948 (6.6%) Asian, 547 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 58,449 (29.8%) from other races, and 9,616 (4.9%) from two or more races. There were 130,957 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (66.8%).

The Census reported that 195,625 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 216 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 228 (0.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 49,116 households, out of which 29,465 (60.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 30,245 (61.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 8,074 (16.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4,125 (8.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,447 (7.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 317 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 4,801 households (9.8%) were made up of individuals, and 1,633 (3.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.98. There were 42,444 families (86.4% of all households); the average family size was 4.18.

In the city, 64,521 people (32.9%) were under the age of 18, 22,995 people (11.7%) aged 18 to 24, 57,646 people (29.4%) aged 25 to 44, 39,823 people (20.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,084 people (5.7%) were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

There were 51,857 housing units at an average density of 1,222.1 /mi2, of which 33,862 (68.9%) were owner-occupied, and 15,254 (31.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.0%. 134,857 people (68.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 60,768 people (31.0%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Fontana had a median household income of $64,195, with 15.0% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 128,929 people, 34,014 households, and 29,013 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.7 PD/sqmi. There were 35,908 housing units at an average density of 994.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 45.0% White, 11.8% African American, 1.1% Native American, 4.4% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 31.9% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 57.7% of the population.

There were 34,014 households, out of which 57.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.7% were non-families. 10.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.8 and the average family size was 4.0.

In the city, 37.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.3% was from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 14.7% from 45 to 64, and 4.7% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,782, and the median income for a family was $46,957. Males had a median income of $36,062 versus $26,305 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,208. About 12.2% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Fontana's economy is driven largely by industrial uses, particularly trucking-based industries. Public funding assists in reducing the associated pollution impacts the community.

According to the city's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Arts and culture

The Center Stage Theater was built in the Art Deco style in 1937, and designed by architect C.H. Boller. The former Fontana (movie) Theater was recently renovated during 2004–2008 after several decades of various other uses, into a live dinner theater, with $6,000,000 in funds earmarked by the Fontana City Council. It reopened to the public on July 25, 2008.

The Art Depot is one of Fontana's original community centers, and is a specialized Cultural Arts facility. Originally built as a freight depot of the Pacific Electric Railway in 1915, the Art Depot sits alongside the newly landscaped Pacific Electric Trail in the Helen Putnam Historical Plaza. The Art Depot offers art classes, open studio activities, and special events.

Auto Club Speedway
Auto Club Speedway, was a racetrack that played host to the NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series, along with former IndyCar Series events. It is located in an unincorporated area just outside of Fontana. It is built on the former site of the Kaiser Steel mill. The large smelting furnaces of the mill were sold to China, and the rest remains a working steel mill operated by California Steel Industries, which is owned by the Japanese company JFE Steel Corporation. The track is currently transforming from a 2-mile oval into a 0.5 mile long short track that is similar in style to the Bristol Motor Speedway. In 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic forced demolition to be pushed back a year.

The Lewis Library and Technology Center, opened in 2008 at an estimated cost of over $60,000,000, is the largest library in the San Bernardino County Library System.

Parks and recreation
Martin Tudor Jurupa Hills Regional Park, is a 861 acre multi-use park at the northeastern end of Mount Jurupa. The park includes the Mary Vagle Museum & Nature Center, the Martin Tudor Splash Park, and a 5 acre ancient Native American historic site.

The Cypress Neighborhood Center has in Fontana for over 30 years. Since then, it has undergone some renovations and changed some of its programming. The programming includes ballet, dance, karate, kickboxing, and a Tiny Tot program.

The Don Day Neighborhood Center is a community recreation center located in South Fontana. Attached to the center is an outside pool that is only opened for the summer. They have open rooms used for programs like mixed martial arts, dance, fitness, gymnastics and events. There is a Tiny Tot Program affiliated with the center as well.

The center is also combined with Southridge Park, which has tennis courts, basketball courts, mountain bike trails, baseball fields, playgrounds, and open spaces.

Upon opening to the public on October 25, 2008, Fontana Park (located in the northern part of the city at Summit Avenue and Lytle Creek Road), is now the city's second largest municipal park, featuring a large community center (Jessie Turner Health and Fitness Community Center), aquatic center, skate park, dog park, basketball gym, sports pavilion, and several child-oriented play areas.

Local government
Fontana is a general law city; it has no city charter. Led by a council composed of a mayor and four councilmembers, it uses a council-manager form of government. The mayor, city clerk, and city treasurer are elected at-large to serve four-year terms, while councilmembers are elected by district, also serving four-year terms.

According to the city's most recent Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $348.0 million in Revenues, $224.0 million in expenditures, $1,371.6 million in total assets, $754.1 million in total liabilities, and $251.3 million in cash and investments.

In 2021, city leadership was criticized by the California State Controller's Office for paying former city manager Ken Hunt $932,623 in 2020, though he had not worked a single day. The city mayor and city council declined to explain why such compensation was warranted for a city manager who had not worked in the city since 2019. The city council also failed to follow the Brown Act, which requires public agencies to specifically list closed-session items for terminations.

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Fontana is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Fontana is split between California's 33rd and 35th districts, which are represented by Democrat Pete Aguilar and Democrat Norma Torres, respectively.

Public schools
While most residents of the city attend schools within the Fontana Unified School District, some areas of the city are served by neighboring school districts:

 * The northwest area of the city is partly served by the Etiwanda School District (K thru 8 only) and the Chaffey Joint Union High School District (high schools only).
 * The southeast area of the city is partly served by the Colton Joint Unified School District.
 * The northeast area of the city is partly served by the Rialto Unified School District.

Charter schools
There are two options for youth charter schools in Fontana. These schools are chartered through the Victor Valley Union High School District and offer an independent study program and small group classes to obtain a high school diploma. A new charter school will also be ASA Fontana (K-8th grade) located inside Locust school in the Fontana school district

Transportation
The Metrolink rail service to the greater Los Angeles area has a station that runs through the center of town, connecting to downtown Los Angeles and San Bernardino. The city of Fontana is ten minutes away from Ontario International Airport.

The city is served by Omnitrans bus service. and VVTA. Private transportation operators that serve the city of Fontana include FuturaNet, El Corre Caminos, TUFESA, Los Limosines, and Santiago Express which serve the predominately the Hispanic community seeking transportation to Tijuana, Gomez Palacio, Las Vegas and El Paso.

 * I-10 (CA).svg San Bernardino Freeway
 * I-15 (CA).svg Ontario Freeway
 * California 66.svg (US 66 (CA).svg) Foothill Boulevard (Historic U.S. Route 66)
 * US 99 (CA).svg Valley Boulevard (Historic U.S. Route 99)
 * California 210.svg Foothill Freeway

Utilities
Fontana receives electrical power through Southern California Edison. Gas service is provided by the Southern California Gas Company. Telephone and DSL Internet service are through AT&T and Frontier Communications, though Frontier serves a smaller portion of the city. Charter Communications also provides cable television and cable Internet access. Burrtec Waste provides rubbish and trash collection throughout the city. Burrtec offers both regular waste and green waste recycling programs. Fontana is served by five different water companies, but none of their service areas overlap. These companies are: Fontana Water; the Cucamonga Valley Water District; Marygold Mutual Water; and West Valley Water District, and the city of Rialto. Sewage service in the city is provided by the Inland Empire Utilities Agency, but is billed out by the city of Fontana itself. The Fontana community is serviced by KFON-TV (commonly known as Fontana Community Television), a Government-access television (GATV) station.

Healthcare
Fontana is home to the Kaiser Permanente-Fontana Hospital. Located on Sierra Avenue, and occupying most of the block between Sierra, Marygold, and Palmetto Avenues, and Valley Boulevard, The campus is one of the largest healthcare facilities in the Inland Empire Region. The various facilities are also among the tallest and largest buildings in the city (other than industrial distribution centers). The hospital is home to sixty different specialized departments, plus emergency care.

Located in the north end of the city, along the "Miracle Mile" of Sierra Lakes Parkway and the 210 freeway, is the Sierra San Antonio Medical Plaza, a 60000 sqft outpatient center and medical office building supported by San Antonio Community Hospital. Services currently available from SSAMP are urgent care, diagnostic radiology, physician offices, and a pharmacy. The facility also includes a 3000 sqft educational suite where community lectures, health screenings, awareness campaigns, maternity and CPR classes are held.

Law enforcement
The Fontana Police Department employs 207 sworn officers, as well as civilian personnel. The department was established in October 1952.

In August 2018, Fontana police coerced a false confession from a man named Thomas Perez Jr. for the murder of his father, after Perez had reported his father missing. Fontana police officers interrogated Perez for 17 hours, falsely claiming that his father had been found dead with stab marks and "wore a toe tag at the morgue," and that they would have Perez's pet dog euthanized as a result of his actions. After Perez falsely confessed, he was left alone in the interrogation room, where he was captured on video trying to hang himself. Perez's missing father was confirmed to be alive the same day. In May 2024, Fontana agreed to settle a lawsuit by Perez against the city for $898,000.

Notable people

 * Hit-Boy, music producer, recording artist
 * Travis Barker, musician
 * Tyler Chatwood, pitcher for Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball
 * Jesse Chavez, MLB player for the Los Angeles Angels
 * Chukwudi Chijindu, soccer player
 * Greg Colbrunn, former MLB player, World Series champion
 * Jermaine Curtis, MLB player
 * Mike Davis, author and commentator
 * Joseph Dippolito, Italian American mafia member
 * Adam Driver, actor
 * Maurice Edu, former soccer player and present color commentator for Atlanta United TV broadcast
 * Bill Fagerbakke, television and voice actor, SpongeBob SquarePants
 * Sammy Hagar, rock musician (guitarist and vocalist), former member of Montrose and Van Halen
 * Alan Harper, pro football player
 * Marvin Jones, NFL wide receiver, Cincinnati Bengals
 * Sharon Jordan, film and television actress, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody
 * Scott Karl, MLB player for Milwaukee Brewers, Colorado Rockies, and Anaheim Angels
 * Sam Khalifa, former MLB player
 * Bobby Kielty, former MLB player for Oakland Athletics and Boston Red Sox
 * Jeff Liefer, former MLB player for Chicago White Sox
 * Whitman Mayo, actor (Sanford and Son), lived in Fontana and was once Grand Marshal of the Fontana Days Parade
 * Troy Percival, former relief pitcher for 2002 World Series champion Anaheim Angels and Tampa Bay Rays
 * Michael Pitre, running back coach for the Atlanta Falcons
 * Melissa Ricks, Filipino-American actress, dancer, model and TV host, Star Circle Quest contestant and alumna
 * Leo Romero, professional skateboarder
 * Sean Rooks, NBA basketball player (retired)
 * Brett Rossi, glamour model, entertainer, dancer and pornographic film actress
 * Alexis Serna, placekicker for Winnipeg Blue Bombers (CFL)
 * Jimmy Smith, cornerback for Baltimore Ravens
 * Chris Stewart, MLB catcher for Pittsburgh Pirates and New York Yankees
 * Eric Weddle, NFL defensive back
 * Jamaal Williams, NFL running back for New Orleans Saints
 * Marc Wilmore (1963–2021), American television writer, producer, actor, and comedian
 * Charlyne Yi, actress and comedian
 * Mia Yim, pro wrestler
 * Rosearik Rikki Simons, voice actor

In popular culture
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club was founded in Fontana, in 1948. The founding charter is known as the Berdoo Charter, in reference to the slang name for San Bernardino.

title: Fontana, California


text:
Grand Terrace, California

Grand Terrace is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 12,040 at the 2010 census, up from 11,626 at the 2000 census. Grand Terrace is located between Highgrove and Colton, along the I-215 and Agua Mansa industrial corridors. The city is located between two mountain ridges: Blue Mountain to the east and the La Loma Hills to the west.

History
Grand Terrace's roots go back to Mexican land grants dating from the period between 1830 and 1840. Mormon settlers came shortly after, arriving in the San Bernardino Valley, during the 1850s. According to the Riverside Press, in 1876, there were nine buildings in the Terrace-Colton area. Originally, the area was simply referred to as "the Terrace", but the word "Grand" was added around 1898 due to the beautiful views which surround the city. In 1905, Seventh-day Adventists, whose medical university is now located in nearby Loma Linda, settled in the area. Grand Terrace, at the time known as "South Colton", experienced continued growth and development during the Southern California suburbia and sunbelt periods in the late half of the 20th century.

The development of Grand Terrace, or East Riverside, as the Grand Terrace-Highgrove area was called, became a reality with the construction of the Gage Canal. This 22-1/2-mile canal, built at a cost of 2 million dollars, brought water from the Santa Ana River marshlands below The Terrace. With plenty of irrigation water, Grand Terrace rapidly became an agricultural community featuring fine, quality citrus. The severe "freeze" of 1913 destroyed many groves. Walnuts, a hardier tree, were planted as replacements along with peaches as a quick-profit crop.

The social activities in the early 1900s centered around the Farm Bureau Extension Service and the Women's Club, followed by the PTA, in the 1930s. Since there were no local churches, people traveled to surrounding communities for worship and other church activities.

In 1962, the Grand Terrace Chamber of Commerce was organized. From the very beginning the Chamber was interested in preserving the local identity of the area, and therefore, was a strong supporter of cityhood. This group did much of the groundwork, which led to the formation of a local governing body in 1976, which was called the Municipal Advisory Council or MAC. After nearly two years of meetings and negotiations with the county, the residents went to the polls to decide the issue of cityhood. The response was an 82% vote for incorporation. On November 30, 1978, the Charter City Council was installed at Terrace Hills Junior High and Grand Terrace officially became the 16th city in San Bernardino County.

Grand Terrace was named one of the "Top 100 Cities to Live In" by Money magazine in 2007.

Geography
This 3.6 sqmi community has an average elevation of 1065 ft. Its motto, inscribed on the city flag, is "The Blue Mountain City" (its official slogan is "A city set upon a mountain cannot be hidden"), and refers to the Blue Lupine flower that used to grow on Blue Mountain in the spring.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 sqmi, all land.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Grand Terrace had a population of 12,040. The population density was 3,438.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Grand Terrace was 7,912 (65.7%) White (46.4% Non-Hispanic White), 673 (5.6%) African American, 120 (1.0%) Native American, 778 (6.5%) Asian, 32 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 1,898 (15.8%) from other races, and 627 (5.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,708 persons (39.1%).

The census reported that 11,927 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 50 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 63 (0.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 4,403 households, of which 1,548 (35.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,214 (50.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 599 (13.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 254 (5.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 285 (6.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 26 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,026 households (23.3%) were made up of individuals, and 395 (9.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71. There were 3,067 families (69.7% of all households); the average family size was 3.20.

2,781 people (23.1% of the population) were under the age of 18, 1,244 people (10.3%) aged 18 to 24, 3,320 people (27.6%) aged 25 to 44, 3,195 people (26.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,500 people (12.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

There were 4,649 housing units at an average density of 1,327.5 /sqmi, of which 2,790 (63.4%) were owner-occupied, and 1,613 (36.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.0%. 7,848 people (65.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,079 people (33.9%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Grand Terrace had a median household income of $64,073, with 6.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
At the 2000 census, there were 11,626 people, 4,221 households and 3,051 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,352.3 PD/sqmi. There were 4,458 housing units at an average density of 1,285.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 73.8% White, 4.6% African American, 0.7% Native American, 5.6% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 9.8% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.4% of the population.

There were 4,221 households, of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.6.

26.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.

The median household income was $53,649 and the median family income was $61,068. Males had a median income of $41,417 compared with $30,491 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,787. About 4.5% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Grand Terrace is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Grand Terrace is in the 33rd Congressional District, represented by Peter Aguilar.

Currently the city council consists of Mayor Darcy McNaboe, Sylvia Robles, Douglas Wilson, William Hussey, and Jeff Allen.

The City Manager is Konrad Bolowich.

Public safety
The City of Grand Terrace contracts with the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department. The San Bernardino County Fire Department has a fire station on City Center Court.

Education
The Colton Joint Unified School District serves the students of Grand Terrace with Grand Terrace Elementary School, Terrace View Elementary School, Terrace Hills Middle School, and Grand Terrace High School at the Ray Abril Jr. Educational Complex. The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Bernardino operates the Blessed Junipero Serra House of Formation in Grand Terrace.

Notable Crime

 * Ramona Dorsey fatally beat her 11-year-old son, Kevin Lee Wilburn, authorities said. The boy died at Loma Linda University Medical Center on November 16, 1991.
 * On June 27, 1997, Joseph Marquez was found shot to death behind a building off of La Cadena and De Berry Road.
 * In 2005-2006 the gang Mind Twisted Hustlers (MTH) and their associates, were investigated by the San Bernardino County Sheriff. For operating a criminal ring in the Grand Terrace area responsible for numerous residential and vehicle burglaries, identity theft, fraud, and drug distribution. As a result, many were incarcerated, mostly juveniles. They have since been dismantled.
 * On June 7, 2009, park manager John Haning and a maintenance man were doing monthly rounds to check on meters inside the Grand Royal Estates on Newport Avenue when they came across the body of 63-year-old Thomas Harker Sr. Sheriff's detectives arrested 28-year-old Thomas Harker Jr., who is suspected of stabbing his 63-year-old father to death behind the mobile home they shared.
 * On January 1, 2015, Richard Williamson, 48, died in a gun battle outside the Cal Skate Roller Rink. Another security guard and a bystander were also injured. The rink was hosting an all-night New Year's Eve celebration when a suspect was asked to leave. Shortly after, shots were fired in the parking lot just before 2 a.m. The shooting left bullet holes in the building, a parked car and a big rig parked across the street. After an investigation, detectives arrested Ezekiel Isaiah George, 18, of Perris; Topaz Prince Crummie, 20, of San Jacinto; Adrian Gentry, 17, of Adelanto; Laquan Trice, 15, of Perris; and Maurice Lamont Martin, Jr., 17, of Perris.
 * About 1:50 a.m. March 16, 2019, San Bernardino County deputies responded to a silent robbery alarm at Cal Skate Grand Terrace and eventually found victim, Ryan Harsany unconscious inside along with a fire. Harsany was taken to a hospital, where authorities determined he had been shot multiple times. He died shortly before 7:30 a.m. Tre’elle Potts, 25, of Moreno Valley, was arrested and charged with the murder of Ryan Harsany, 43. He faces special allegations of arson causing bodily injury and that he used a firearm.
 * About 1:50 a.m. March 16, 2019, San Bernardino County deputies responded to a silent robbery alarm at Cal Skate Grand Terrace and eventually found victim, Ryan Harsany unconscious inside along with a fire. Harsany was taken to a hospital, where authorities determined he had been shot multiple times. He died shortly before 7:30 a.m. Tre’elle Potts, 25, of Moreno Valley, was arrested and charged with the murder of Ryan Harsany, 43. He faces special allegations of arson causing bodily injury and that he used a firearm.

title: Grand Terrace, California


text:
Hesperia, California

Hesperia is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is located 35 mi north of downtown San Bernardino in Victor Valley and surrounded by the Mojave Desert. Because of its relatively high elevation and the unique and moderate weather patterns of the region, Hesperia is part of what is locally called the High Desert. The name "Hesperia" means "western land". The 2019 census report estimates that the city has a population of 95,750.

History
The first inhabitants of the area were the Desert Serrano (Vanyume). The village of Wá’peat, among several other villages that were located along the Mojave River, were within the vicinity of what is now Hesperia. These villages were occupied into the early 1800s and had deep ties with one another. An acorn-gathering festival was held at Wá’peat that involved villagers from across the Mojave River area.

Hesperia began as a Spanish land grant: Rancho San Felipe, Las Flores y el Paso del Cajon, founded in 1781. The land was sparsely inhabited desert during Spanish-Mexican rule in the 19th century. The U.S. annexed the region along with Southern California after the Mexican-American War in 1848.

In 1869, Max Stobel purchased 35,000 acre from the United States Government Land Office for $40,000. While several attempts were made to subdivide and encourage colonization, the land was primarily used for agricultural purposes, with raisin grapes the primary product.

The town site was laid out in 1891 by railroad company land developers of the Santa Fe Railroad, which was completed that year. Hesperia was named for Hesperus, the Greek god of the West. The railroad land developers published pamphlets distributed across the country with boosterism of Hesperia, California, as a potential metropolis, to become "the Omaha of the West" or projections to have over 100,000 people by 1900, but only 1,000 moved in.

Hesperia grew relatively slowly until the completion of US Routes 66, 91, and 395 in the 1940s, followed by Interstate 15 in the late 1960s. About 30 sqmi of land were laid out for possible residential development.

In the early 1950s, land developer M. Penn Phillips and his silent financial partner, boxer Jack Dempsey, financed the building of roads and land subdivisions, promoting lots sales on television. They built the Hesperia Inn and golf course, which attracted a variety of Hollywood celebrities. The Hesperia Inn also housed the Jack Dempsey Museum.

The main wave of newcomers, though, arrived at Hesperia in the 1980s. Suburban growth transformed the small town of 5,000 people in 1970 to a moderate-sized city with a population over 60,000 by 2000, and an estimated population over 95,000 as of July 1, 2018.

Geography
Hesperia is a city in the Mojave Desert, and the California Aqueduct traverses the area. Much of the native flora of Hesperia is classified as California desert vegetation, dominated by junipers, joshua trees, and sagebrush. The elevation rises from 3200 ft in the north to about 4000 ft above sea level to the south.

The San Andreas Fault, a major tectonic plate boundary of the Pacific and North American plates a few miles south of Hesperia in the Cajon Pass, has occasional seismic activity.

Hesperia is located at 3186 ft above sea level and is a neighbor of Victorville, Oak Hills, and Apple Valley. The Mojave River flows northerly through the east side of the city, while the California Aqueduct splits the city from north to south en route to Silverwood Lake.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 73.2 sqmi, with 73.1 sqmi of land and 0.1 sqmi (0.15%) covered by water.

On the southern edge of Hesperia, where the city meets the desert by the airport to the east, is a somewhat pronounced mesa.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Hesperia has a cold desert climate, BWk on climate maps.

Winter days are cool with high temperatures averaging around 60 °F, but temperatures get cold overnight, as the average low temperatures for December and January are around freezing. It is also the area's wet season. The rain shadow caused by the mountain ranges to the south and west shields Hesperia from the majority of winter rainfall, but heavy rain is not uncommon. Winter snowfall is sporadic - the average yearly snowfall amount is 4.4 inches.

Summer days are very hot, with high temperatures typically nearing 100 °F. This excessive heat is typical of the Mojave Desert as a whole. The large diurnal temperature variation, though, provides substantial relief overnight. In the later part of the season, sporadic summer thunderstorms associated with the North American monsoon can bring power outages and local flash floods.

2010
At the 2010 census, Hesperia had a population of 90,173. The population density was 1,231.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Hesperia was 55,129 (61.1%) White (41.1% non-Hispanic White), 5,226 (5.8%) African American, 1,118 (1.2%) Native American, 1,884 (2.1%) Asian, 270 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 22,115 (24.5%) from other races, and 4,431 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44,091 persons (48.9%).

The census reported that 90,145 people lived in households, 22 lived in noninstitutionalized group quarters, and six were institutionalized.

Of the 26,431 households, 49.8% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 56.0% were opposite-sex married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.1% had a male householder with no wife present; 7.6% were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0.7% were same-sex married couples or partnerships. About 15.3% were one-person households and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.41. The average family size was 3.76.

The age distribution was 29,156 people (32.3%) under 18, 9,465 people (10.5%) from 18 to 24, 23,243 people (25.8%) from 25 to 44, 20,157 people (22.4%) from 45 to 64, and 8,152 people (9.0%) 65 or older. The median age was 30.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males.

The 29,004 housing units averaged 396.2 per square mile; of the occupied units, 17,688 (66.9%) were owner-occupied and 8,743 (33.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.4%; 58,320 people (64.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 31,825 people (35.3%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Hesperia had a median household income of $46,027, with 23.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

2000
As of the 2000 census 62,582 people, 19,966 households, and 15,773 families were living in the city. The population density was 929.3 PD/sqmi. The 21,348 housing units averaged 317.0 per square mile (122.4/km$2$). The racial makeup of the city was 74.3% White, 4.0% African American, 1.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 6.5% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 29.4% of the population.

Of the 19,966 households, 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were not families. About 16.5% of households were one person and 7.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.1, and the average family size was 3.5.

The age distribution was 32.8% under 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.

The median income for a household was $40,201 and for a family was $43,004. Males had a median income of $39,776 versus $25,665 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,487. About 11.1% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under 18 and 6.4% of those 65 or over.

Economy
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the principal employers in the city are:

Arts and culture
Hesperia has a manmade lake (Hesperia Lake Park) on the southeastern edge of the town. This lake is where various town activities are held, including the annual Hesperia Day activities. Camping and fishing are permitted here, as well as day camp and various junior leagues for sports.

Just south of Hesperia Lake Park is the Radio Control Model Aircraft Park, located at 1700 Arrowhead Lake Road. Home of the Victor Valley R/C Flyers, the R/C Park is open on a daily basis by its members.

Hesperia's golf course is known for its narrow fairways and fast greens. During the 1950s and 1960s, this course was a stop along the PGA Tour. The course runs from the rift between the "mesa" and the adjoining land on the other side.

To the east of Hesperia, the Mojave River runs from south to north, mainly under ground, and it surfaces in Victorville. Although the river bed is usually dry, it fills up if Hesperia experiences a rare heavy rain. Hesperia is bordered to the north by the city of Victorville, and to the east by the town of Apple Valley.

Hesperia is the home of Cal-Earth, a nonprofit organization demonstrating and teaching a method of home construction, particularly for arid hot areas, called Superadobe.

Parks and recreation
Hesperia Recreation and Park District serves the recreational needs of the citizens. Established in 1957, Hesperia Recreation and Park District has facilities, both indoors and outdoors. The Southern California Hardball Association is a 28 and over, adult baseball league that serves Hesperia residents.

State and federal
In the California State Legislature, Hesperia is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Hesperia is in.

Municipal
Cameron Gregg is the mayor of the city, with Brigit Bennington as the mayor pro tem. The other three council members are Larry Bird, Bill Holland, and Rebekah Swanson.

According to the city's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $92.1 million in revenues, $98.7 million in expenditures, $520.5 million in total assets, $284.5 million in total liabilities, and $44.4 million in cash and investments. The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:

Hesperia also has these advisory committees: City Council Advisory Committee,  Planning Commission, and  Public Safety Advisory Committee composed of citizens assigned to provide advisory resources to the city council.

Discrimination lawsuits
In 2016, the Victor Valley Family Resource Center sued Hesperia and the San Bernardino County Sheriff for closing transitional houses that the center operated in Hesperia. The center had operated houses in Hesperia for the homeless starting in 2012. The suit alleged that after the center opened a house in January 2015 to provide housing for felons on probation, the city and sheriff discriminated illegally against the center's tenants and houses.

After a district judge issued a preliminary injunction against the city, the city council altered or repealed several of the laws in dispute. The suit was settled in April 2018 for $484,831. On December 2, 2019, the United States Department of Justice filed suit against Hesperia and the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department for "discrimination against residents and prospective residents of Hesperia because of race and national origin."

Education
The Hesperia Unified School District serves city. The district consists of three high schools (Hesperia High School, Sultana High School, Oak Hills High School), two continuation high schools (Mojave High and Canyon Ridge), three junior high schools (Hesperia Junior High, Ranchero Middle School, and Cedar Middle School), and 14 elementary schools.

Hesperia is also served by several charter and private schools. Mirus Secondary School is a 6-12 charter school in Hesperia with an independent study program. Hesperia is also served by Hesperia Christian School, founded in 1966 as a K-12 Christian School.

Transportation
The city's main thoroughfares include Ranchero Road, Main Street, Eucalyptus Avenue, Bear Valley Road, Escondido Avenue, Maple Avenue, Cottonwood Avenue, 11th Avenue, 7th Avenue, 3rd Avenue, Hesperia Road, C Avenue, I Avenue, Peach Avenue, and Arrowhead Lake Road. Several of the major streets feature bike lanes and there are also several recreational trails within city limits. The city is located on Interstate 15, directly north of the Cajon Pass.

Public transit operations are controlled by the Victor Valley Transit Authority. BNSF Railway provides rail service through the city on a line which connects Los Angeles to Barstow and points east. Union Pacific freight trains and Amtrak’s Southwest Chief also pass through Hesperia on the BNSF line. The nearest Amtrak station is in Victorville, 13 miles north. Brightline West includes the option for a high speed rail station in Hesperia.

Hesperia Airport is a public-use facility, located around 3.2 mi south of Hesperia's central business district.

Public safety
The city of Hesperia contracts with the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department for law-enforcement services. The new 43000 sqft substation—opened October 13, 2010—is located at 15840 Smoketree in the city's Civic Plaza, across the street from City Hall. The old 7600 sqft substation, which served for many years, was on Santa Fe Avenue next to the BNSF tracks. The station provides full-service law enforcement for the city and the southern suburbs of Oak Hills and Marianas Ranchos. Additional deputies can respond as necessary from the nearby Victorville Regional Station.

Shortly after Hesperia incorporated as a city in 1988, it created its own fire protection district, which lasted through 2004. The city now has a contract with the San Bernardino County Fire Department for fire and emergency medical services.

Notable people

 * Dan Henderson, mixed martial arts (UFC) fighter
 * Buck Page, musician, singer, founder of Riders of the Purple Sage band
 * Marcel Reece, former fullback for the Oakland Raiders
 * Chris Smith, coach and former Major League Baseball player
 * Joe Stevenson, mixed martial arts fighter
 * George Connor, retired Indy Car driver
 * Dominick Reyes, mixed martial arts (UFC) fighter
 * Lee Rodriguez, actress
 * Thurston Smith, businessman and politician
 * Joel Pimentel, vocalist, former member of CNCO

title: Hesperia, California


text:
Highland, California

Highland is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The city's population was 56,999 at the 2020 census.

History
The Santa Fe Railway was built to cater to the requirements of the successful orange farmers.

Geography
Highland is located at 34.11833°N, -117.2025°W (34.118459, -117.202370).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.7 square miles (48.3 km$2$). 18.6 square miles (48.1 km$2$) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km$2$) of it (0.50%) is water.

2010
At the 2010 census Highland had a population of 53,104. The population density was 2,811.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Highland was 27,836 (52.4%) White (30.8% Non-Hispanic White), 5,887 (11.1%) African American, 542 (1.0%) Native American, 3,954 (7.4%) Asian, 168 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 11,826 (22.3%) from other races, and 2,891 (5.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25,556 persons (48.1%).

The census reported that 52,932 people (99.7% of the population) lived in households, 76 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 96 (0.2%) were institutionalized.

There were 15,471 households, 7,922 (51.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 8,475 (54.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,884 (18.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,183 (7.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,129 (7.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 109 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,254 households (14.6%) were one person and 757 (4.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.42. There were 12,542 families (81.1% of households); the average family size was 3.74.

The age distribution was 16,916 people (31.9%) under the age of 18, 5,900 people (11.1%) aged 18 to 24, 13,837 people (26.1%) aged 25 to 44, 12,357 people (23.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,094 people (7.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 30.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.

There were 16,578 housing units at an average density of 877.6 per square mile, of the occupied units 10,106 (65.3%) were owner-occupied and 5,365 (34.7%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.7%. 33,361 people (62.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 19,571 people (36.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census, there were 44,605 people in 13,478 households, including 10,782 families, in the city. The population density was 3,273.3 PD/sqmi. There were 14,858 housing units at an average density of 1,090.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 56.3% White, 12.1% African American, 1.3% Native American, 6.1% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 18.6% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.6% of the population.

Of the 13,478 households 47.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% were non-families. 15.4% of households were one person and 4.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.3 and the average family size was 3.6.

The age distribution was 35.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

The median household income was $41,230 and the median family income was $43,649. Males had a median income of $38,695 versus $27,308 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,039. About 17.5% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

The city is split along Boulder Avenue, with a higher-income area to the east and lower-income area to the west. Demographics such as income levels and housing density are also split evenly by the geographic divider of Boulder Avenue. Much of western Highland is significantly older and mirrors San Bernardino, while significant development of eastern Highland did not officially begin until the early 1990s and consist of higher-end, upper-middle class suburban developments reminiscent of Rancho Cucamonga and Eastvale, California, while touting single family homes that boast architecture mirroring that of Orange County, California.

This surge in housing in consequence creates an unofficial financial and geographical divide between residents, with East Highlands' newly formed residential neighborhoods stretching out some 5–6 miles to formulate the suburban neighborhoods collectively defining "East Highlands Ranch"; traveling parallel its southern "sister city" of Redlands, California, curtailing within the undeveloped orange groves resting just outside of Mentone and Yucaipa, California.

Education
Highland is served by two public school districts: Redlands Unified and San Bernardino Unified School Districts (the boundaries are generally defined by City Creek; residents east of City Creek are in the Redlands Unified School District while those west of City Creek are served by San Bernardino City Unified School District).

Highland is home to a library and environmental learning center. The Highland Sam J. Racadio Library and Environmental Learning Center is a gold-rated LEED building. It holds thousands of books, CDs, DVDs, and other items. It offers free computer access and Wi-fi. It has a rooftop garden and is home to animals, amphibians, and reptiles from around the globe.

Local colleges and universities include: Loma Linda University, University of Redlands, California State University's San Bernardino campus, and the two-campus San Bernardino Community College District (which includes Crafton Hills College in Yucaipa and San Bernardino Valley College).

Local
Highland was founded as a townsite in 1891 and incorporated as a California general law city in November 1987. It follows a City Manager, City Council form of government with the City Manager appointed by the City Council.

State and federal
In the California State Legislature, Highland is, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Highland is split between and.

Public safety
The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department provides contracted police services to the city of Highland from their regional station located at 26985 Base Line Road. The new 30,000 sqft police station was built and finally occupied in June 2011.

The city has contracted with Cal Fire to operate its fire services (three stations) since its incorporation.

Sister cities

 * Berdzor, Artsakh Republic
 * Redlands, California
 * Colton, California

title: Highland, California