text:
Coldwater, Kansas

Coldwater is a city and county seat of Comanche County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 687.

History
In 1884 G.W. Vickers conceived the idea of laying out a town in the northern part of Comanche County, in company with Timothy Shields, J. P. Grove, Samuel Sisson, C. M. Cade and C. D. Bickford, all from Harper County. They preempted a section of land, had it platted off as a town site and named it after the city of Coldwater, Michigan. Early the following year the county had the required number of inhabitants, who petitioned the governor for its organization, and on February 27, 1885, it was organized with Owen Connaughton, George M. Morris and David T. Mclntire, commissioners and R. A. Grossman, clerk. Coldwater was designated as the county seat.

The first post office in Coldwater was established on October 17, 1884.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.98 sqmi, of which, 2.64 sqmi is land and 0.34 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Coldwater has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Area attractions

 * Comanche County Historical Museum, 105 West Main Street.
 * Chief Theater (NRHP), 122 East Main Street.
 * Comanche County Courthouse (NRHP), 201 South New York Avenue.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 687 people, 345 households, and 176 families in Coldwater. The population density was 268.1 per square mile (103.5/km$2$). There were 442 housing units at an average density of 172.5 per square mile (66.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 91.85% (631) white or European American (89.37% non-Hispanic white), 0.58% (4) black or African-American, 0.15% (1) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.31% (9) from other races, and 6.11% (42) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 5.97% (41) of the population.

Of the 345 households, 25.2% had children under the age of 18; 41.2% were married couples living together; 35.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 44.9% of households consisted of individuals and 26.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.0 and the average family size was 3.2. The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 11.6% of the population.

22.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 24.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 118.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $40,871 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,096) and the median family income was $71,250 (+/- $17,016). Males had a median income of $38,527 (+/- $5,717) versus $23,250 (+/- $7,657) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $27,355 (+/- $4,477). Approximately, 2.0% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.4% of those under the age of 18 and 3.5% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 828 people, 380 households, and 217 families residing in the city. The population density was 313.6 PD/sqmi. There were 458 housing units at an average density of 173.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.2% White, 0.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.

There were 380 households, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.9% were non-families. 39.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 46.1 years. 23.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 25.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 792 people, 380 households, and 209 families residing in the city. The population density was 301.3 PD/sqmi. There were 460 housing units at an average density of 175.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.11% White, 0.13% African American, 0.63% Native American, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 0.13% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.15% of the population.

There were 380 households, out of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.0% were non-families. 42.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 28.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.3% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 31.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,167, and the median income for a family was $36,786. Males had a median income of $23,438 versus $16,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,851. About 8.7% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Comanche County USD 300 public school district. South Central High School is located in Coldwater.

Coldwater High School closed because of school unification. Coldwaters's mascot was the Eagles.

Transportation
U.S. Route 160 and U.S. Route 183 passes through Coldwater.

Notable people

 * Chick Brandom, baseball player
 * Harold Herd, former Kansas Supreme Court justice (1979–1993), minority leader in Kansas State Senate (1969–1973), mayor of Coldwater (1950–1954), officer in the U.S. Navy during World War II.

title: Coldwater, Kansas


text:
Protection, Kansas

Protection is a city in Comanche County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 498.

History
Protection was founded in 1884. Popular support for a protective tariff in the 1884 presidential election caused the name to be selected. The first post office in Protection was established on August 27, 1884.

The town became nationally and internationally known via radio and television in 1957, when the National Polio Foundation chose it as the center for the free distribution of Salk vaccine shots for polio. It then became 100 percent protected.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.95 sqmi, all land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 498 people, 205 households, and 131 families in Protection. The population density was 537.2 per square mile (207.4/km$2$). There were 243 housing units at an average density of 262.1 per square mile (101.2/km$2$). The racial makeup was 92.37% (460) white or European American (88.55% non-Hispanic white), 1.2% (6) black or African-American, 0.2% (1) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 2.61% (13) from other races, and 3.61% (18) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 7.63% (38) of the population.

Of the 205 households, 28.8% had children under the age of 18; 53.2% were married couples living together; 24.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 33.7% of households consisted of individuals and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.8 and the average family size was 2.3. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.2% of the population.

23.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 26.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 105.4 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $53,281 (with a margin of error of +/- $16,918) and the median family income was $68,462 (+/- $7,274). Males had a median income of $40,441 (+/- $6,591). The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,625 (+/- $12,218). Approximately, 6.6% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.6% of those under the age of 18 and 20.3% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 514 people, 215 households, and 131 families residing in the city. The population density was 541.1 PD/sqmi. There were 277 housing units at an average density of 291.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.3% White, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 2.5% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.1% of the population.

There were 215 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 4.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.1% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the city was 46.6 years. 21.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 27.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 558 people, 241 households, and 152 families residing in the city. The population density was 586.2 PD/sqmi. There were 297 housing units at an average density of 312.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.95% White, 0.18% Asian, 1.79% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.69% of the population.

There were 241 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 29.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,917, and the median income for a family was $36,705. Males had a median income of $26,071 versus $15,682 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,973. About 8.2% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Comanche County USD 300 public school district. South Central Elementary and South Central Middle School are in Protection, with the former Protection High School building on campus, while South Central High School is in Coldwater. The South Central High School mascot is Timberwolves.

Prior to school unification, the Protection Panthers won the Kansas State High School 1A football championship in 1978 and the 8-Man DII football championship in 1983.

Notable people

 * Stan Herd, crop artist
 * Nathan Leeper, Olympic high jumper

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Protection, Kansas


text:
Wilmore, Kansas

Wilmore is a city in Comanche County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 37.

History
Wilmore was founded in about 1887. It was named for Thomas Wilmore, the first merchant in town.

The first post office in Wilmore was established on June 7, 1887.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.20 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wilmore has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 53 people, 27 households, and 19 families residing in the city. The population density was 265.0 PD/sqmi. There were 34 housing units at an average density of 170.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.

There were 27 households, of which 11.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.96 and the average family size was 2.21.

The median age in the city was 54.4 years. 11.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 15.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 7.6% were from 25 to 44; 51% were from 45 to 64; and 15.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.7% male and 45.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 57 people, 30 households, and 20 families residing in the city. The population density was 279.4 PD/sqmi. There were 41 housing units at an average density of 201.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 30 households, out of which 16.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, and 33.3% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 2.35.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 14.0% under the age of 18, 14.0% from 25 to 44, 40.4% from 45 to 64, and 31.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $16,786, and the median income for a family was $28,125. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,820. There were 25.0% of families and 27.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 31.6% of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Comanche County USD 300 public school district.

Wilmore High School was closed through school unification. The Wilmore High School mascot was Tigers.

title: Wilmore, Kansas


text:
Arkansas City, Kansas

Arkansas City is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States, situated at the confluence of the Arkansas River and Walnut River in the southwestern part of the county. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 11,974.

Pronunciation of city name
The name of this city is not pronounced like the nearby state of Arkansas, but rather as (the final "s" is pronounced, and it rhymes with Kansas). Over the years there has been much confusion about the regional pronunciation of "Arkansas", which locals render as rather than. Throughout much of Kansas, residents also use this alternative pronunciation when referring to the Arkansas River.

The city is also known as "Ark City".

Early history
Present-day Arkansas City sits on the site of an ancestral Wichita city, Etzanoa, which flourished from 1450 to 1700 and had an estimated population of 20,000.

In 1601, New Mexico Governor Juan de Oñate led an expedition across the Great Plains and found a large settlement of Indians he called Rayados. They lived along the Walnut River in the eastern part of Arkansas City. Extensive remains of Indian settlements have been found along 6 mi of the Walnut River. The Rayados were the ancestors of the Indians later called Wichita. Wichita settlements from the 18th century are also found a few miles south of Arkansas City on the west bank of the Arkansas River.

19th century
European-American settlers first congregated in the area where Arkansas City now stands in the 1860s.

Settlers established a town in 1870. They had difficulty choosing a name; early names included Adelphia, Creswell, and Walnut City before the present name was chosen. The first post office in Arkansas City was established on May 16, 1870.

In 1877, the Florence, El Dorado, and Walnut Valley Railroad Company built a branch line from Florence to El Dorado, in 1881 it was extended to Douglass, and later to Arkansas City. The line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The line from Florence to El Dorado was abandoned in 1942. The original branch line connected Florence, Burns, De Graff, El Dorado, Augusta, Douglass, Rock, Akron, Winfield, and Arkansas City.

Arkansas City grew steadily through the latter part of the 19th century, and enjoyed a population explosion starting in 1891, when thousands of people moved into the area in anticipation of the Cherokee Strip Land Run.

20th century
At the turn of the century, Arkansas City was a rival to Wichita in size and enterprise, boasting several busy rail lines, an elegant opera house, numerous fine hotels, a manufacturing base and a bustling agricultural economy. A popular swimming hole called Paris Lake was located west of downtown; the lake—and the hot springs at Geuda as well—was mired with silt in a flood about 1919. Nearly 20 years later the WPA would build the Paris Park pool in the same spot. African Americans were not allowed to swim in the Paris Park pool during the era of segregation and used a separate facility colloquially referred to as "the black pool" by local residents.

The Kirkwood Wind Engine Company, a former windmill manufacturer, was headquartered in Arkansas City near the turn of the 20th century; the now-defunct Kanotex Refining Company established a refinery and headquarters in the city in 1917.

During the 1920s, Arkansas City had an active group of Ku Klux Klan. The group was mostly concentrated in south-central and south-east Kansas. The state took action to shut down the group, and most Klans disbanded by 1927.

In 1928, the city's official fall festival, Arkalalah, was inaugurated. This annual event still draws thousands of visitors each October, and features a queen, a carnival, dozens of homegrown fair food vendors and a spectacular parade typically lasting two hours or more. During the 1955 Arkalalah celebration, retired Santa Fe steam locomotive 2542 was dedicated in Wilson Park, where it remains today.

The city prospered through much of the 20th century, but by the 1980s, the community was facing economic challenges. The railroads shifted many of their crews to other stops, the old Rodeo meat packing plant, which for a short time was Morrell Meats, closed. The only passenger train that served the city, Amtrak's Lone Star, was discontinued. In 1996 Total Petroleum closed their refinery in Ark City with a loss of 170 jobs. By 2003 other large employers in Cowley County closed operations. The Binney & Smith (Crayola) plant closed with a loss of 400 jobs. Winfield State Hospital and Gordon Piatt Industries were closed in nearby Winfield with a combined loss of 973 jobs. Montgomery KONE Elevator and Central Plains Book Manufacturing at nearby Strother Field were also shuttered.

21st century
Arkansas City is now home to state-of-the-art meat processor Creekstone Farms Premium Beef LLC which employs over 1100 workers. Several smaller manufacturing companies are expanding their operations while new start ups are finding a home in Cowley County due in part to the workforce supplied by the two local colleges in the county. Both cities, only 11 mi apart, now have large Wal-Mart stores (a new Wal-Mart Supercenter opened in Arkansas City in March 2006, and another has been constructed in Winfield, Kansas); conversely, both towns' (in Arkansas City—the Burford, the Howard, and the Crest) movie theaters recently closed and were replaced by a single facility halfway between the cities, just south of the Strother Field industrial park. B & B Theatres donated the two downtown buildings to non-profit organizations in each of the respective communities. The Ark City Burford Theatre and Commercial Building is undergoing a transformation/renovation that will become a new community arts center and gathering space. Construction began in spring 2006 on the planned downtown revitalization streetscape.

In 2006, the local physicians in Arkansas City banded together with the South Central Kansas Regional Medical Center (SCKRMC) board and the City of Arkansas City to build a new hospital, which opened in March 2011.

In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed west of Arkansas City, north to south through Cowley County, with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs).

In recent years, there have been proposals to extend Amtrak passenger rail service for the Heartland Flyer from Oklahoma City to Newton with new stops in Kansas at Arkansas City and Wichita, but it has not been approved yet.

Geography
Arkansas City is situated along the northern bank of the Arkansas River and to the west of its confluence with the Walnut River. It is located at the junction of U.S. Route 77 and U.S. Route 166, only 4 mi north of the Kansas-Oklahoma border. Winfield, the county seat, is 13 mi north of Arkansas City along US-77, and Strother Field, a general aviation airport, is about 8 mi north. Arkansas City is located 54 mi southeast of Wichita.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.38 sqmi, of which 9.36 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Arkansas City has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 11,974 people, 4,467 households, and 2,762 families in Arkansas City. The population density was 1,285.2 per square mile (496.2/km$2$). There were 5,382 housing units at an average density of 577.7 per square mile (223.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 69.69% (8,345) white or European American (64.56% non-Hispanic white), 3.13% (375) black or African-American, 3.17% (380) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.43% (52) Asian, 0.79% (94) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 8.43% (1,010) from other races, and 14.35% (1,718) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 21.82% (2,613) of the population.

Of the 4,467 households, 32.5% had children under the age of 18; 40.2% were married couples living together; 30.4% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.3% of households consisted of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.7% of the population.

26.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 108.7 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $46,331 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,847) and the median family income was $56,522 (+/- $5,710). Males had a median income of $33,097 (+/- $2,008) versus $26,731 (+/- $2,569) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,455 (+/- $1,980). Approximately, 12.4% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under the age of 18 and 6.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,415 people, 4,802 households, and 3,030 families residing in the city. The population density was 1326.4 PD/sqmi. There were 5,646 housing units at an average density of 603.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 79.4% White, 3.9% African American, 2.7% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 8.7% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.3% of the population.

There were 4,802 households, of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.9% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 33.8 years. 26.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 22.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,963 people, 4,855 households, and 3,102 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,592.5 PD/sqmi. There were 5,628 housing units at an average density of 749.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.15% White, 4.51% African American, 2.69% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.95% from other races, and 3.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.47% of the population.

There were 4,855 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,158, and the median income for a family was $39,962. Males had a median income of $30,665 versus $19,919 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,933. About 12.4% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by the Arkansas City USD 470 public school district.

Professor H. B. Norton first hosted a school in his home when Arkansas City was first established. The public school system began development in 1872.

Cowley College, formerly Cowley County Community College, is located between 1st and 4th streets, and Central and Adams Avenues in Arkansas City. Cowley is a community college and vocational/technical school with more than 68 majors and degree options. It began in 1922 in the basement of Arkansas City High School. Other campuses include: Aviation Tech Center (Wichita), Allied Health Center (Winfield, Kansas), Career & Technical Education Center (Mulvane, Kansas), and Bloomenshine Center (Mulvane). Its primary buildings are the Brown Center Theatre, W.S. Scott Auditorium, Renn-Memorial Library, Kerr Building, Walker Industrial Technology Building, Ben Cleveland Wellness Center, Kerr Building, Galle-Johnson Hall and four separate dormitories: Storbeck, Kirke W. Dale, Docking, and Kimmell. The college also owns one of the old high school buildings (Ireland Hall), which houses its criminal justice and cosmetology classes. The most recent building, Webb-Brown, is located on the Eastern corner of 3rd and Washington, replacing the former Ark City Junior High School.

Print

 * The Arkansas City Traveler
 * The Winfield Daily Courier for nearby Winfield

Radio

 * KSOK, 1280 AM, Country
 * KAXR, 91.3 FM, Religious
 * KACY, 102.5 FM, Classic hits
 * KYQQ, 106.5 FM, Spanish

Notable people

 * Maurice E. Baringer, Iowa State treasurer and state legislator
 * Michael Bradford, playwright and artistic director of the Connecticut Repertory Theatre
 * Darren Daulton, baseball player for the Philadelphia Phillies and Florida Marlins
 * Frank Davis, American journalist, poet, political and labor movement activist, born in Arkansas City
 * Robert Docking, Mayor of Arkansas City, Governor of Kansas, 1967–1975
 * Robert Eaton, automobile businessman, grew up in Arkansas City
 * Tim Elliott, American Mixed Martial Artist, UFC.
 * Lionel Hollins, former NBA professional basketball player and former head coach of the Brooklyn Nets
 * Richard Killblane, author and military historian, born in Arkansas City and attended first two years of elementary school.
 * Anna Larkin, folk sculptor, lived in Arkansas City upon moving to the United States
 * Nila Mack, actress, writer and director, golden age radio program Let's Pretend
 * Dick Metz, professional golfer, born in Arkansas City
 * Leslie Miller, former professional football player, born in Arkansas City
 * Jack Mitchell, football head coach, Arkansas and Kansas, born in Arkansas City
 * Billy Mize, musician, born in Arkansas City
 * Willie Oates, philanthropist, social activist, and politician, born in Arkansas City
 * Helen Parsons, biochemist, born in Arkansas City
 * Jim Sheets, Republican politician in Arkansas, former executive director of Kiwanis International Foundation
 * Euclid Sherwood, commonly known as Motorhead Sherwood, vocalist and saxophonist for The Mothers of Invention during the band's early years
 * Sara Sothern, actress, mother of Elizabeth Taylor

title: Arkansas City, Kansas


text:
Atlanta, Kansas

Atlanta is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 168.

History
Atlanta was founded in 1885. The first post office in Atlanta was established on August 14, 1885.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.50 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Atlanta has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 168 people, 71 households, and 41 families in Atlanta. The population density was 350.7 per square mile (135.4/km$2$). There were 98 housing units at an average density of 204.6 per square mile (79.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 93.45% (157) white or European American (91.07% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 1.79% (3) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 4.76% (8) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.38% (4) of the population.

Of the 71 households, 16.9% had children under the age of 18; 43.7% were married couples living together; 26.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 39.4% of households consisted of individuals and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.8 and the average family size was 2.2. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 10.7% of the population.

19.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.7 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $42,500 (with a margin of error of +/- $11,651) and the median family income was $49,000 (+/- $4,190). Males had a median income of $37,750 (+/- $7,925) versus $20,625 (+/- $18,584) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,833 (+/- $2,843). Approximately, 2.6% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 14.8% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 195 people, 75 households, and 56 families living in the city. The population density was 390.0 PD/sqmi. There were 107 housing units at an average density of 214.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 83.1% White, 4.1% Native American, 4.6% from other races, and 8.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.3% of the population.

There were 75 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.3% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 40.4 years. 27.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.5% were from 25 to 44; 23.1% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.8% male and 48.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 255 people, 99 households, and 70 families living in the city. The population density was 507.8 PD/sqmi. There were 116 housing units at an average density of 231.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 90.20% White, 5.49% Native American, and 4.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.

There were 99 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $19,286 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,727. About 13.4% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.8% of those 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Central USD 462 public school district.

Atlanta High School was closed through school unification. The Atlanta High School mascot was Tigers.

Notable people
The Olympic-medalist runner Glenn Cunningham was born in Atlanta.

title: Atlanta, Kansas


text:
Burden, Kansas

Burden is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 512.

History
In 1879, in anticipation of the coming of the Kansas City, Lawrence and Southern Railroad, a town was surveyed and laid out by a local company. Among its staff was Robert F. Burden, for whom the town is named. The railroad, whose name changed to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, arrived on February 1, 1882, making Burden one of its stations and shipping points.

The early buildings included a general store, drug store, and post office. The post office, called Burdenville until 1884, was established in 1879. The first newspaper, printed in 1880, was The Enterprise, with a circulation in 1882 of 900. A school that had been one mile north of Burden was relocated to the town in the summer of 1881.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.54 sqmi, of which, 0.53 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 512 people, 189 households, and 135 families in Burden. The population density was 990.3 per square mile (382.4/km$2$). There were 223 housing units at an average density of 431.3 per square mile (166.5/km$2$). The racial makeup was 88.09% (451) white or European American (86.33% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 2.54% (13) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 9.38% (48) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.15% (11) of the population.

Of the 189 households, 33.3% had children under the age of 18; 50.3% were married couples living together; 24.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 25.4% of households consisted of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.9 and the average family size was 3.6. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 11.5% of the population.

33.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 103.6 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $54,375 (with a margin of error of +/- $20,395) and the median family income was $64,904 (+/- $12,991). Males had a median income of $42,639 (+/- $6,485) versus $21,964 (+/- $11,680) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,625 (+/- $13,340). Approximately, 10.2% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under the age of 18 and 7.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 535 people, 195 households, and 145 families living in the city. The population density was 1009.4 PD/sqmi. There were 234 housing units at an average density of 441.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.2% White, 1.7% Native American, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.

There were 195 households, of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.6% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.22.

The median age in the city was 33.2 years. 31.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24% were from 25 to 44; 21% were from 45 to 64; and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 564 people, 210 households, and 158 families living in the city. The population density was 1,072.0 PD/sqmi. There were 236 housing units at an average density of 448.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.26% White, 0.18% African American, 2.48% Native American, 1.42% from other races, and 2.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.95% of the population.

There were 210 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.6% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,641, and the median income for a family was $33,833. Males had a median income of $29,821 versus $17,656 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,549. About 8.1% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Central USD 462 public school district. The Central High School mascot is Central Raiders.

Prior to school unification, the Burden Raiders won the Kansas State High School class B Baseball championship in 1955. Central High School won the 3A State Championship in Football in 1987 and 2A State Championship in the Scholars Bowl in 2011.

title: Burden, Kansas


text:
Cambridge, Kansas

Cambridge is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 92.

History
Like many communities in Kansas, Cambridge owes its existence to a railroad. When the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad was built a mile south of Lazette, a new site was organized by Benjamin H. Clover and plotted on May 3, 1880 and it was named Cambridge after Cambridge University, in England. The first post office in Cambridge was established on January 30, 1880.

On December 15, 1880 the Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe Railway acquired nearly all the stock of the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad and operated the railroad awhile as the Southern Kansas Railroad. Cambridge was a station and shipping point on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.

Cambridge Public Emergency Radio Tower is one of two former emergency transmission facilities built during the Cold War.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.17 sqmi, all of it land. Cambridge is located on US Route 160 at State Highway 7. The community is 45 miles southeast of Wichita.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cambridge has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 92 people, 43 households, and 34 families in Cambridge. The population density was 525.7 per square mile (203.0/km$2$). There were 56 housing units at an average density of 320.0 per square mile (123.6/km$2$). The racial makeup was 84.78% (78) white or European American (84.78% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 5.43% (5) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.09% (1) from other races, and 8.7% (8) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.17% (2) of the population.

Of the 43 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18; 53.5% were married couples living together; 18.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 16.3% of households consisted of individuals and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 5.4% of the population.

20.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 78.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $41,250 (with a margin of error of +/- $38,538) and the median family income was $58,750 (+/- $29,982). Males had a median income of $44,583 (+/- $13,257) versus $26,250 (+/- $21,472) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $41,250 (+/- $15,131). Approximately, 20.0% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.7% of those under the age of 18 and 20.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 82 people, 39 households, and 28 families living in the city. The population density was 482.4 PD/sqmi. There were 58 housing units at an average density of 341.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 98.8% White and 1.2% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 39 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.2% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.54.

The median age in the city was 50.5 years. 19.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.3% were from 25 to 44; 41.5% were from 45 to 64; and 19.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 103 people, 46 households, and 31 families living in the city. The population density was 592.1 PD/sqmi. There were 55 housing units at an average density of 316.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.15% White, 0.97% African American, and 3.88% from two or more races.

There were 46 households, out of which 17.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 17.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,125, and the median income for a family was $53,500. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $24,167 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,413. There were 20.0% of families and 21.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 47.1% of under eighteens and 42.9% of those over 64.

Education
The community is served by Central USD 462 public school district. The Central High School mascot is Central Raiders. Cambridge High School was known as the Bulldogs.

title: Cambridge, Kansas


text:
Dexter, Kansas

Dexter is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 224.

History
The first post office at Dexter was established in July, 1870.

Dexter was platted in 1875. Dexter is named for a trotting horse belonging to Robert Bonner of New York.

Early in the 20th century Dexter became the focus of research that would confirm the existence of an abundance of naturally occurring and readily available helium. In May 1903, a newly drilled natural gas well was found to contain a nonflammable gas. Researchers at the University of Kansas found the “Dexter gas” contained only 15 percent methane and 72 percent nitrogen, causing the gas to be nonflammable. In addition they discovered helium within an “inert residue” in the gas and, after expanding their research to other wells throughout Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, published a paper in 1907 saying that helium could be extracted from natural gas. Helium did not have any practical applications at the time, but by 1917 the federal government was sponsoring extensive research into the possibility of using helium in airships.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.29 sqmi, all of it land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Dexter has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Area events

 * Blackdog Festival, celebrates the historic Black Dog Trail, also known as the Great Osage Trail, created by Osage Indian natives.

Area attractions

 * The "Oh Henry!" Candy Bar was invented by a man named Tom Henry of Arkansas City, whose family now runs a candy factory on route K-15 in Dexter, Kansas called "Henry's Candies". The factory sells "Momma Henry" bars, which are near identical to the original "Oh Henry!" candy bar.
 * Cowley Lake Waterfall

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 224 people, 94 households, and 63 families in Dexter. The population density was 808.7 per square mile (312.2/km$2$). There were 102 housing units at an average density of 368.2 per square mile (142.2/km$2$). The racial makeup was 91.96% (206) white or European American (91.96% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.89% (2) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 7.14% (16) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 0.45% (1) of the population.

Of the 94 households, 31.9% had children under the age of 18; 54.3% were married couples living together; 26.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 29.8% of households consisted of individuals and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.0 and the average family size was 4.6. The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 23.7% of the population.

25.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 16.5% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 106.2 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $45,703 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,968) and the median family income was $47,188 (+/- $9,760). Females had a median income of $36,143 (+/- $649). The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,250 (+/- $24,274). Approximately, 8.0% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 278 people, 105 households, and 77 families residing in the city. The population density was 958.6 PD/sqmi. There were 128 housing units at an average density of 441.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.3% White, 3.6% Native American, 0.4% Pacific Islander, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 105 households, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.7% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 47.4 years. 20.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 25.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

2000 census
According to the census of 2000, there were 364 people, 119 households, and 81 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,309.4 PD/sqmi. There were 133 housing units at an average density of 478.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 92.03% White, 0.27% African American, 5.22% Native American, 0.82% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population.

There were 119 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.43.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,656, and the median income for a family was $39,286. Males had a median income of $25,536 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,615. About 14.1% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Dexter USD 471 public school district.

title: Dexter, Kansas


text:
Udall, Kansas

Udall is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 661.

History
The first post office at Udall was established in September 1879. J.M. Napier and P.W. Smith purchased a ten-acre tract from I.N Nelson in 1879. Udall was laid out in 1881 by Napier and Smith. It was named after English author Cornelius Udall. D.C. Green built the first house in Udall and opened a store.

1955 tornado
On May 25, 1955, after an F5 tornado killed 20 people, injured 250, and destroyed/damaged hundreds of buildings in Blackwell, Oklahoma, the same supercell produced another F5 tornado that struck Udall at 10:35 p.m, the deadliest tornado to ever hit the state of Kansas. A 1300 yd wide F5 tornado demolished Udall; no building within the city limits was untouched, including the grain elevator, water tower, old grade school, new high school, city hall, three churches. The water tower had been knocked over and the streets were flooded. Vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards and mangled beyond recognition, including a pickup truck that was wrapped around a tree and stripped of everything but its frame and tires. In Udall, the tornado killed 77, injured 270, 192 buildings were destroyed, including 170 homes, around 50% of families lost one or more members.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.57 sqmi, all of which is land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 746 people, 289 households, and 203 families residing in the city. The population density was 1308.8 PD/sqmi. There were 319 housing units at an average density of 559.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 2.0% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.

There were 289 households, of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.8% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 31.7 years. 30.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 22.5% were from 45 to 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.4% male and 53.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 794 people, 302 households, and 221 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,645.7 PD/sqmi. There were 322 housing units at an average density of 667.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.73% White, 1.64% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.63% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.27% of the population.

There were 302 households, out of which 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.2% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,639, and the median income for a family was $42,981. Males had a median income of $34,750 versus $20,227 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,202. About 4.8% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Udall USD 463 public school district.

The Udall Eagles won the Kansas State High School class 1A volleyball championship in 1973.

title: Udall, Kansas


text:
Winfield, Kansas

Winfield is a city and county seat of Cowley County, Kansas, United States. It is situated along the Walnut River in South Central Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 11,777. It is home to Southwestern College.

19th century
Winfield was founded in 1870. It was named for Rev. Winfield Scott, who promised to build the town a church in exchange for the naming rights. The first post office at Winfield was established in May, 1870. In 1873, Winfield incorporated as a city.

Railroads
Railroads reached Winfield in the late 1870s, and finished at Arkansas City in 1881. Eventually, a total of five railroads passed through Winfield.

State mental hospital
In 1881, the State of Kansas established the Kansas State Asylum for Idiotic and Imbecile Youth, temporarily established at Lawrence, but moved to Winfield in 1887/1888, where it served as a dominant local employer for 117 years.

20th century
The Winfield-Arkansas City area became an industrial community in the 20th century, manufacturing consumer goods, and eventually aircraft and aircraft parts, while retaining its traditional dominant employer, the Winfield State Hospital.

On August 13, 1903, 30-year-old Gilbert Twigg, armed with a 12-gauge double-barrelled shotgun, opened fire at a concert, killing six people and wounding at least 25, before killing himself. Three others died in hospitals afterward.

Strother Field
In World War II, Winfield, along with neighboring Arkansas City, became home to a military pilot training base, Strother Field, which remained in operation until the end of the war, bringing several thousand military personnel into the area. After the war, in the early 1950s, the field became the shared municipal airport and industrial park for Winfield and neighboring Arkansas City.

Aviation industry
The aircraft manufacturing industry in nearby Wichita (40 mi to the north)—one of the world's principal aircraft-manufacturing centers—provided employment for many Winfield residents, directly and indirectly. That opportunity grew substantially in the last half of the century, as General Electric's GE Aviation division, in the late 1940s, began producing engines for Wichita aircraft, and eventually in the 1960s, one of Wichita's principal manufacturers, Cessna Aircraft Company built a factory at Winfield's Strother Field.

Crayola
The Crayola plant, near Winfield, was established in 1952. At the time, it was the only Crayola plant that made paints. The plant made a large part of the jobs in the county. Tours were conducted until 1992, and 5 years later, in 1997, the plant shut down and moved to Pennsylvania. A lot of original crayons and memorabilia can still be seen at the Winfield museum.

Institutions
The Winfield State Hospital and Training Center, established in the community in the prior century to house and confine the mentally ill and developmentally disabled, remained as a dominant local employer throughout the 20th century. Towards the end of the century the (now designated "Winfield State Hospital and Training Center") housed developmentally disabled people. Social, political and legal changes, led to closing of most of the facility in 1998. It was gradually turned into the Winfield Correctional Facility.

Southwestern College grew to become a leading local institution and employer, drawing students from throughout the central United States, and bringing an extra level of intellectual and cultural development and diversity to the community.

Pi Gamma Mu International Honor Society in Social Sciences was founded at Southwestern College in Winfield in 1924. The international headquarters is now housed at a repurposed Carnegie Library building on Millington Street in downtown Winfield. Pi Gamma Mu is the oldest and preeminent interdisciplinary social science honor society. Its mission is to encourage and promote excellence in the Social Sciences and to uphold and nurture scholarship, leadership, and service.

21st century
In the 21st century, Winfield remained an industrial and institutional town. With the exception of Cessna, most of the area's major employers (some under new names and ownership) continued into the early 21st century.

Geography
Winfield is situated along the Walnut River at its confluence with Timber Creek. It is located 17 mi north of the Kansas-Oklahoma state border at the junction of U.S. Routes 77 and 160. State highway route K-15 follows U.S. Route 77 to the north of the city and U.S. Route 160 to the east. K-360 is a bypass around the southeastern part of the city between U.S. Route 77 and U.S. Route 160. Arkansas City is 13 mi south of Winfield along U.S. Route 77, and Strother Field, a general aviation airport, is approximately five miles (8 km) south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.93 sqmi, of which 11.56 sqmi is land and 1.37 sqmi is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Winfield has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Winfield was 118 F on August 12, 1936, while the coldest temperature recorded was -27 F on February 13, 1905.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 11,777 people, 4,339 households, and 2,687 families in Winfield. The population density was 1,057.2 per square mile (408.1/km$2$). There were 5,136 housing units at an average density of 461.0 per square mile (178.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 80.28% (9,454) white, 4.14% (487) black or African-American, 1.55% (182) Native American, 3.49% (411) Asian, 0.66% (78) Pacific Islander, 2.42% (285) from other races, and 7.47% (880) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 9.0% (1,083) of the population.

Of the 4,339 households, 30.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.1% were married couples living together; 27.1% had a female householder with no husband present. 30.4% of households consisted of individuals and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1.

23.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 13.2% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 106.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 109.8 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $48,027 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,412) and the median family income $57,236 (+/- $5,345). Males had a median income of $31,570 (+/- $3,388) versus $25,677 (+/- $2,934) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $28,904 (+/- $3,107). Approximately, 12.5% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under the age of 18 and 12.7% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,301 people, 4,600 households, and 2,848 families residing in the city. The population density was 1064.1 PD/sqmi. There were 5,217 housing units at an average density of 451.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 85.7% White, 3.9% African American, 1.3% Native American, 3.9% Asian, 1.8% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 6.1% of the population.

There were 4,600 households, of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.1% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 12% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 15.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.7% male and 49.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,206 people, 4,627 households, and 2,952 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,104.0 PD/sqmi. There were 5,049 housing units at an average density of 456.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 88.06% White, 3.26% Black or African American, 1.08% Native American, 3.74% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.73% from other races, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.66% of the population.

There were 4,627 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,443, and the median income for a family was $44,539. Males had a median income of $31,768 versus $21,605 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,162. About 9.9% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

Railroads
In 1877, the Florence, El Dorado, and Walnut Valley Railroad Company built a branch line from Florence to El Dorado. The line was extended to Douglass then reached Winfield on October 1, 1879, and finished at Arkansas City in 1881. The line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The line from Florence to El Dorado was abandoned in 1942. The original branch line connected Florence, Burns, De Graff, El Dorado, Augusta, Douglass, Rock, Akron, Winfield, Arkansas City.

The Southern Kansas and Western Railroad was completed from the east to Winfield on February 17, 1880, then continued westward, and it reached the western county line on March 16. This railroad changed its name over time as it merged or purchased by other railroads.

Eventually, a total of five railroads passed through Winfield.

State mental hospital
In 1881, The Kansas Constitution stated that the care, treatment, and education of the handicapped were responsibilities of public residential institutions. Accordingly, the Kansas State Asylum for Idiotic and Imbecile Youth was temporarily established at Lawrence, moving to Winfield in 1887.

The Kansas State Imbecile Asylum (later the Winfield State Hospital and Training Center) was established in the community in 1888, on a hill overlooking the city. For the next 117 years, it served as a dominant local employer, housing and confining those with mental problems from throughout the state of Kansas.

Industry
The Winfield-Arkansas City area has a wide range of industrial employers—most of which emerged and developed in the 20th century. Many are based at, and around, Strother Field—a municipal airport that the two cities share.

Consumer goods
In 1916, Gott Manufacturing was established in Winfield to produce metal water coolers. Over the next 70 years, the enterprise grew into a major supplier of insulated water jugs and urns.

In 1986, Gott was acquired by Rubbermaid, a globally dominant manufacturer of rubber storage containers, and converted to producing Rubbermaid-branded products, manufacturing insulated water coolers, ice chests, outdoor-living and outdoor-storage products. Subsequent expansion of its facilities have continued into the present day.

A Crayola crayon-manufacturing plant was located in Winfield from 1952 to 1997.

Strother Field
In 1942, as America entered World War II, Winfield, along with neighboring Arkansas City, began development of a shared municipal airport. However, the entry of the U.S. into the war led to military acquisition and completion of the airfield, which became Strother Field. During the war, the airfield was used for military pilot training.

In 1953, the airport reverted to shared control of Winfield and Arkansas City, and became a major industrial center for both communities, which it remains to the present.

GE Aviation
In 1951, at Strother Field, GE Aviation—an aircraft-engine division of General Electric—began producing General Electric J47 jet engines for U.S. military aircraft (notably the Boeing B-47 Stratojet intercontinental bomber, built primarily in Wichita, and also built by Douglas Aircraft at Tulsa in neighboring Oklahoma). Approximately 3,000 of those engines were produced at Strother by 1955.

With the end of the Korean War, the GE factory switched to overhauling jet engine parts and accessories. In 1962, GE began overhauling and repairing entire military jet engines (particularly J73 and J85), and related parts and accessories—ultimately processing over 6,000 jet engines between 1962 and 1975.

With the advent of business jets in the mid-1960s—led by Wichita's Learjet (using General Electric CJ-610 engines, also used on other business aircraft)—the Strother Field GE facility switched to servicing GE's business jet engines, ultimately processing over 6,000 by 1975, as the factory grew to 125,000 square feet. During those years, several hundred business jets, from around the world, flew into Strother Field to be serviced directly at the GE facility.

Subsequently, GE's Strother facility overhauled J33 military engines, and General Electric CF6 engines for "jumbo" jetliners.

In 1985, GE acquired much of the abandoned Cessna facility for use in its engine-overhaul enterprise.

Cessna
In 1967, Cessna Aircraft Company, the world's highest-volume producer of aircraft (mostly light aircraft, at the time) addressed booming demand for their smallest, most-popular aircraft, by opening a Cessna factory at Strother Field. Initially, the factory produced the Cessna 150, at that time the world's most popular two-seat light aircraft (the world's dominant pilot-training aircraft for several decades).

In 1975, Cessna also began to move the assembly of the world's most popular light aircraft, the Cessna 172, from its Wichita factory to Strother Field.

Several thousand of both aircraft models were produced at Strother Field (making it a globally major aircraft factory complex, in total unit production). The factory employed several hundred to a few thousand workers until the 1980s Recession and other factors crashed the market for light aircraft, and Cessna, following layoffs of 700 workers at Strother Field, eventually shut down the Strother Field factory in the early 1980s.

Institutions
The Winfield State Hospital and Training Center, established in the community in the prior century to house and confine the mentally ill and developmentally disabled, remained as a dominant local employer throughout the 20th century, housing and confining those with mental problems from throughout the state of Kansas—housing up to 1,492 "patients" at its maximum in 1952.

Towards the end of the century the (now designated "Winfield State Hospital and Training Center") housed developmentally disabled people. Changing social and political attitudes, and SCOTUS decisions, and conservative political economics (developmentally disabled persons supported in the community cost the state $25,000 annually, versus $130,000 for confinement in the Winfield facility), led to the gradual closing of most of the facility—over heated protests from residents' families and local community leaders. In 1998, the Kansas Legislature officially voted to close it. At that time, it was the oldest and largest of the three Kansas state hospitals for developmentally disabled persons. When the closure of the facility was announced in 1997, the patient population had declined to only 250 residents.

The facility was gradually taken over by the Kansas Department of Corrections, and repurposed as the Winfield Correctional Facility, expanded to contain up to 556 prisoners.

21st century
With the exception of Cessna, most of the area's major employers (some under new names and ownership) continued into the early 21st century. The Strother Field municipal airport remains the site of the area's principal industrial park, employing thousands.

In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed west of Winfield, north to south through Cowley County, with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs).

In 2011–2012, Rubbermaid (now Newell Rubbermaid) announced it was moving 200 jobs from a Texas factory to Winfield, increasing its Winfield capacity to add manufacturing of Rubbermaid's trash cans and home-organization products. Further, Rubbermaid would invest $26.6 million to expand its operations, beginning construction of a 500,000-square-foot distribution center next to its factory. In early 2017, the company was employing 1,054 people

GE Aviation, which began Winfield operations in 1947, continued, generally, until the present day, (according to a local government statement online in April 2017), now employing 750 people in the area.

Creekstone Farms beef processing plant, in neighboring Arkansas City, Kansas, employed over 600 in early 2017.

Hospitals and nursing-care facilities in Winfield and Arkansas City, combined, employed over 600 workers in early 2017—about half at William Newton Memorial Hospital in Winfield.

The Winfield Correctional Facility employed another 200.

Entertainment
Winfield is well known for hosting the Walnut Valley Festival, one of the nation's oldest and largest bluegrass and acoustic music festivals, on the third weekend of every September. Crowds have exceeded 15,000, arriving from around the nation—with hundreds of the bluegrass and acoustic music enthusiasts camping, socializing and "jamming" at the site for weeks before the festival begins. The event also often features folk music and Celtic music performances, and related cultural activities and exhibits.

Primary and secondary education
The community is served by Winfield USD 465 public school district, which operates Winfield High School.

College
Southwestern College is located in Winfield. It is a four-year private higher educational institution affiliated with the United Methodist Church.

St. John's College was located in Winfield before it closed in 1986.

Print

 * The Cowley Courier Traveler for both Winfield and Arkansas City, formed by the merger of The Winfield Daily Courier and The Arkansas City Traveler

Radio

 * KKLE, 1550 AM, News/Talk
 * KBDD, 91.9 FM, Religious
 * KSWC, 94.7 FM, College (low power)
 * KSOK, 95.9 FM, Country
 * KSOK, 103.3 FM, Classic Hits (translator for KSOK-AM)
 * KSOK-AM, 1280 AM, Classic Hits
 * KWLS, 107.9 FM, Country

Notable people

 * Robert A. Alberty, biophysical chemist
 * Bob Brannum, basketball player
 * Gilbert Bundy (1911–1955), cartoonist and illustrator
 * Darren E. Burrows, artist, director and actor; most notably Ed Chigliak in the television series Northern Exposure
 * Josh Clarke, baseball player
 * Harold Corbin, Olympian in fencing
 * Ira Davenport, Olympic bronze medal winner in track and field
 * Greta Goodwin, member Kansas Senate and Kansas House of Representatives
 * John Harts, football coach
 * Bob Kenney, University of Kansas NCAA National Men's Basketball Championship team in 1952, 1952 Olympic gold medal
 * Richard Mawdsley, artist known for his work in metalsmithing
 * Ruth Maycliffe (1888-1981), Broadway actress
 * Guy McAfee (1888-1960), law enforcement officer, owner of brothels and gambling saloons in Los Angeles and co-founder of casinos in Las Vegas
 * George McDermott, U.S. federal judge
 * Eugene Pallette, actor; appeared in over 240 silent era and sound era motion pictures
 * Steve Sidwell, football coach
 * Dean Strother, U.S. Air Force four-star general; Commander in Chief of North American Air Defense Command and Continental Air Defense Command
 * Caroline Thorington, artist
 * Karen Wheeler, artist

title: Winfield, Kansas


text:
Arcadia, Kansas

Arcadia is a city in northeast Crawford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 254.

History
Arcadia was founded in 1862. It was named for the ancient region of Arcadia, in Greece.

The first post office in Arcadia was established in June, 1867.

Arcadia was a station on the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway.

Geography
The east edge of Arcadia is the Kansas-Missouri state border.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.44 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 254 people, 128 households, and 69 families in Arcadia. The population density was 585.3 per square mile (226.0/km$2$). There were 152 housing units at an average density of 350.2 per square mile (135.2/km$2$). The racial makeup was 93.31% (237) white or European American (92.91% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.39% (1) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.18% (3) from other races, and 5.12% (13) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.97% (5) of the population.

Of the 128 households, 21.1% had children under the age of 18; 32.8% were married couples living together; 27.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 45.3% of households consisted of individuals and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 2.6. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 9.1% of the population.

22.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 93.1 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $36,406 (with a margin of error of +/- $26,850) and the median family income was $46,047 (+/- $6,173). The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,000 (+/- $17,805). Approximately, 23.6% of families and 37.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.3% of those under the age of 18 and 32.0% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 310 people, 136 households, and 79 families living in the city. The population density was 704.5 PD/sqmi. There were 168 housing units at an average density of 381.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 91.9% White, 1.3% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.6% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.2% of the population.

There were 136 households, of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.9% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 42.2 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 14.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 391 people, 156 households, and 105 families living in the city. The population density was 884.0 PD/sqmi. There were 179 housing units at an average density of 404.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.16% White, 0.51% African American, 1.28% Native American, 1.02% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population.

There were 156 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $21,750, and the median income for a family was $27,386. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $17,321 for females. The per capita income for the city was $10,674. About 17.2% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.2% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Arcadia, Kansas


text:
Arma, Kansas

Arma is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,407.

History
Arma was founded in 1894. It was named for W.F. Armacost, an original landowner.

A post office was opened at Arma in 1891, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1906.

Arma was a station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.14 sqmi, of which, 1.12 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water. It is located about 6 minutes' drive north of Frontenac, and about 8 minutes' drive east of Girard.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 1,407 people, 632 households, and 357 families in Arma. The population density was 1,240.7 per square mile (479.1/km$2$). There were 708 housing units at an average density of 624.3 per square mile (241.1/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.19% (1,269) white or European American (89.48% non-Hispanic white), 0.78% (11) black or African-American, 0.71% (10) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.21% (3) Asian, 0.07% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.14% (16) from other races, and 6.89% (97) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.7% (38) of the population.

Of the 632 households, 25.6% had children under the age of 18; 37.5% were married couples living together; 32.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 37.7% of households consisted of individuals and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.2% of the population.

21.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 117.4 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $35,707 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,734) and the median family income was $65,313 (+/- $27,733). Males had a median income of $39,773 (+/- $6,934) versus $25,152 (+/- $3,452) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $32,500 (+/- $8,286). Approximately, 15.2% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under the age of 18 and 12.5% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,481 people, 657 households, and 372 families residing in the city. The population density was 1322.3 PD/sqmi. There were 736 housing units at an average density of 657.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.1% African American, 1.4% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

Of the city' 657 households 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.4% were non-families. 38.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the city was 42.1 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 27.8% were from 45 to 64; and 18.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census
There were 669 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,658, and the median income for a family was $36,648. Males had a median income of $27,337 versus $19,821 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,636. About 8.4% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The community is served by Northeast USD 246 public school district.

Prior to school unification, the Arma High School mascot was Bulldogs. The Arma Bulldogs won the Kansas State High School boys class B Track & Field championship in 1952. The school mascot is now a Viking.

Public Library
The Arma City Library provides resources such as literature, movies, and internet access. The library functions as a meeting location for clubs, reading groups, and a local food pantry. The library hosts a wide range of public events.

V-J celebration
Arma's V-J Homecoming celebration is believed to be the oldest running V-J Day or World War II celebration in the country. Held annually the second weekend of August, Arma's V-J Homecoming Celebration started in 1946 as a way to honor local veterans returning home from World War II, and has evolved into a family festival. The original V-J Day was August 15, 1945, the day the Victory Over Japan was celebrated by the Allied Nations. On September 2, 1945, the Japanese signed the official surrender document. That Labor Day weekend marked the end of nearly four years of devastation, loss and sacrifice for the nation. More than 300,000 Americans in the armed services died in Europe and the Pacific arenas. The very next year, Arma celebrated its VJ Day in connection with homecoming activities, and the V-J Homecoming Celebration was born.

Arma Veterans Memorial
Following World War II, the American Legion in Arma wanted to honor local veterans. The Arma Veterans Memorial was built on the southeast corner of Arma City Park. Constructed shortly after the war, the City of Arma did the construction, maintains and adds new names to the memorial. Names on the plaque represent local veterans who have served the U.S. in any war. Recently, the American Flag was added along with flags for the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines.

Carved statues at City Park
Several wood carvings by chain saw artist, Ed Babcock, are on display at the Arma City Park.

title: Arma, Kansas


text:
Cherokee, Kansas

Cherokee is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 590.

History
Cherokee had its start in the year 1870 by the building of the railroads through that territory. The town was located at the intersection of three railroads: The Memphis, Kansas & Colorado Railroad; The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad; and the Missouri Pacific Railroad. It was named from Cherokee County, where it was erroneously thought to be located.

The first post office in Cherokee was established in August, 1870.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.71 sqmi, all of it land.

2020 census
The 2020 United States census counted 590 people, 246 households, and 151 families in Cherokee. The population density was 824.0 per square mile (318.2/km$2$). There were 306 housing units at an average density of 427.4 per square mile (165.0/km$2$). The racial makeup was 90.68% (535) white or European American (89.83% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.85% (5) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.0% (0) Asian, 0.17% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.34% (2) from other races, and 7.97% (47) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.36% (8) of the population.

Of the 246 households, 26.0% had children under the age of 18; 39.4% were married couples living together; 26.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.1% of households consisted of individuals and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.4. The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 18.6% of the population.

23.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 97.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $40,714 (with a margin of error of +/- $11,178) and the median family income was $56,739 (+/- $5,061). Males had a median income of $30,417 (+/- $6,484) versus $30,057 (+/- $5,795) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,203 (+/- $3,591). Approximately, 8.1% of families and 15.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under the age of 18 and 25.4% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 714 people, 289 households, and 187 families living in the city. The population density was 1005.6 PD/sqmi. There were 324 housing units at an average density of 456.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.9% White, 0.1% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 289 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.3% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 39.7 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 13.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 722 people, 301 households, and 192 families living in the city. The population density was 1,052.2 PD/sqmi. There were 336 housing units at an average density of 489.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.43% White, 0.28% African American, 0.97% Native American, 0.14% Asian, and 3.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.42% of the population.

There were 301 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,083, and the median income for a family was $36,389. Males had a median income of $26,739 versus $18,810 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,693. About 7.8% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government
The Cherokee government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30PM.

Education
Cherokee is served by USD 247 Southeast. The Southeast High School mascot is Lancers.

Crawford County Community High School in Cherokee was closed in school unification.

Notable people

 * Page Cavanaugh, jazz and pop musician, was born in Cherokee.
 * Patricia Martin, children's author, was born in Cherokee.
 * Samuel Triplett, Spanish–American War Medal of Honor recipient.

title: Cherokee, Kansas