text:
Pine Valley, California

Pine Valley is a community and census-designated place (CDP) in the Cuyamaca Mountains of the Mountain Empire area, in southeastern San Diego County, California. The population was 1,510 at the 2010 census, up from 1,501 at the 2000 census.

Geography
According to the United States Geological Survey, Pine Valley is located 3,736 feet (1,139 m) above sea level, at 32.82139°N, -116.52917°W. Interstate 8 passes east-to-west along the southern border of Pine Valley. It crosses the Pine Valley Creek Bridge to the west of the town, and crosses Laguna Summit (altitude 4055 ft) just to the east of the town. The Sunrise Highway marks the eastern border of the town.

According to the United States Census Bureau Pine Valley is located at 32.82806°N, -116.52667°W (32.828184, -116.526583), which is near the center of the Pine Valley census-designated place (CDP). The Pine Valley CDP has a total area of 7.1 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Pine Valley has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The extreme high temperature is 110F, with the extreme low being −4F. Average annual precipitation is 23.66 in, mostly falling between November and March. Snow sometimes falls during winter storms, but usually melts rapidly.

2010
At the 2010 census Pine Valley had a population of 1,510. The population density was 211.3 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Pine Valley was 1,408 (93.2%) White, 6 (0.4%) African American, 6 (0.4%) Native American, 16 (1.1%) Asian, 1 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 20 (1.3%) from other races, and 53 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 154 people (10.2%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 610 households, 162 (26.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 367 (60.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 43 (7.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 30 (4.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 137 (30.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 6 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 128 households (21.0%) were one person and 49 (8.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.48. There were 440 families (72.1% of households); the average family size was 2.85.

The age distribution was 279 people (18.5%) under the age of 18, 114 people (7.5%) aged 18 to 24, 284 people (18.8%) aged 25 to 44, 630 people (41.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 203 people (13.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 48.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

There were 721 housing units at an average density of 100.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 498 (81.6%) were owner-occupied and 112 (18.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%. 1,217 people (80.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 293 people (19.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 1,501 people, 559 households, and 419 families in the CDP. The population density was 212.3 PD/sqmi. There were 653 housing units at an average density of 92.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.87% White, 0.67% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 2.27% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.13%.

Of the 559 households 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 19.3% of households were one person and 6.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.11.

The age distribution was 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 33.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.

The median household income was $64,265 and the median family income was $71,949. Males had a median income of $51,940 versus $34,583 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,945. About 4.7% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
In the state legislature Pine Valley is located in the 36th Senate District, represented by Republican Joel Anderson, and in the 71st Assembly District, represented by Republican Randy Voepel.

In the United States House of Representatives, Pine Valley is in.

title: Pine Valley, California


text:
Poway, California

Poway is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. Poway's rural roots influenced its motto "The City in the Country". The city had a population of 48,841 as of the 2020 United States census.

Poway is part of San Diego's North County.

History
The Kumeyaay people lived in the area for centuries before the Spanish colonization of the region. Artifacts such as arrowheads, spear points, metates, grinding stones, and pottery found along the bed of Poway Creek all indicate an early Kumeyaay presence. Various pictographs adorn many of Poway's boulders, and modern dating techniques suggest these paintings date to the 16th century and earlier.

European settlement
In the late 18th century, the Mission San Diego de Alcalá kept cattle in the valley. Documents of Mission San Diego de Alcala record the name of the valley as "Paguay" as early as 1828. The name "Poway" is likely derived from a Kumeyaay term meaning "arrowhead" (pawii) or "watering hole" (paguay). . Other sources suggest that "Paguay" means "the meeting of little valleys" or "end of the valley." Some controversy also surrounds the proper spelling; historically it has also been written by the Mexican authorities as Paguai. It has also been written as Paui, Pauai, Pauy, and Powaii.

For approximately a century, Poway served as a stock range for the mission and local ranchos. In September 1839, Corporal Rosario Aguilar was granted Rancho Paguai a ranch in the valley and it was confirmed on May 22, 1840, but he refused it, becoming Juez de paz in 1841 and moving instead to San Juan Capistrano.

American settlement
American settlers began to come to the valley for farming purposes in the late antebellum period. Few records of this time have survived, and not until 1894 and the inception of the Poway Progress was the town's history regularly recorded. In 1887, about 800 people lived and farmed in Poway. Around the start of the 20th century, Poway farmers had moderate success in the production and vending of fruit, grain, and dairy products. The expansion, however, failed to follow agricultural success.

Poway has a creek and fertile soil, but the lack of easily available water prevented the settlement from attracting large-scale farmers and the accompanying population growth. In 1954 the Poway Municipal Water District was established to utilize water from the Colorado River Aqueduct. In 1957, following the sewer system's completion, developers built housing tracts.

It became a city on December 1, 1980. It was nicknamed "the City in the Country". Poway no longer relies on agriculture for its primary source of income and has instead transitioned into a residential community for those who work for employers in and around the San Diego area. According to a recent state government estimate, the population of Poway has grown since that last census to 50,542. It has been designated a "Tree City" for the last decade.

Major portions of the town were evacuated during both the 2003 Cedar Fire and 2007 Witch Creek Fire.

In 2004, the City of Poway adopted the 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, 1st Marine Division, based out of nearby Camp Pendleton. The Fred L. Kent Post 7907 of the Veterans of Foreign Wars has been the official go-between with the battalion, which has been redeployed at least once to Iraq since its adoption.

The pop-punk bands Blink-182, Unwritten Law, Pivit and The Frights originated in Poway, California.

Agriculture
The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged Westward migration, and many of Poway's first white settlers came to farm. The fecund soil proved well-suited to a variety of crops, including peaches, Muscat grapes, apricots, pears, hay, and alfalfa. Some farmers captured swarms of wild bees and cultivated honey. Dairying also proved lucrative. Most families kept a cow for milk and butter, chickens for eggs and meat, and perhaps a hog to sustain them while they farmed. Crops sold well around the San Diego area. Between the seasons of 1894 and 1896, the Poway Progress reported agricultural information:

"Muscat grapes are beginning to ripen, and the San Diego market is getting a supply of the fine article Poway always produces. ... The season has been a prolific one for bees, thirty of forty stands the present season from a single captured swarm a year or two ago. ... The peach is a good article, and Poway produces it to perfection. Poway pears will compare with any grown in the state."

The success of these crops depended on the annual winter rainfall, and remained subject to variations in precipitation until the establishment of the Poway Municipal Water District in 1954. With water readily available, the town's farming interest shifted to two principal crops: avocados and citrus fruits. With water came new residents, and the former farm town transformed into a locale full of small commercial businesses and shopping centers.

Religion
The Community Church of Poway, the town's first church, has remained in operation since 1887, making it the house of worship with the longest continual operation in San Diego County. Living Way Church, a non-denominational Protestant church, through Berean Bible College, is the only church currently in Poway that offers bible college classes. There are two Catholic churches in Poway, St. Michael's and St. Gabriel's.

There is a Jewish community, with a Reform synagogue, a Conservative synagogue, and an Orthodox synagogue. On April 27, 2019, the Orthodox synagogue, Chabad of Poway, was the site of an attack in which four people were shot—one of whom was killed—during Passover services.

A Sikh temple, one of several in San Diego County, is found in Poway. Two Kingdom Halls of Jehovah's Witnesses are located in Poway. There are nine congregations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located in Poway that meet in three meetinghouses.

Education
Poway established its school district in 1871, but did not have a schoolhouse until 1885, when a one-room school was built at Midland Road about a 2–3-minute walk south of the Templar's Hall. The site is still in use today as an elementary school (Kindergarten through 5th grade), though it was torn down and rebuilt in 1945, and renovated again in 2004–2006. First through eighth graders were included in one classroom. Children learned to read and write using slates, and eventually progressed to study subjects such as arithmetic, spelling, English, language (German or Latin), grammar, history, and geography. Students did not usually attend high school, and had to travel to Escondido if they wished to do so. In 1909, only three students from Poway graduated from high school. Women who went on to more school from there usually had teaching ambitions. Education, while compulsory and considered a worthwhile pastime, had few far-reaching applications for Poway's farmers' children. Enrollment in the Poway School 1st–8th grades did not reach 100 until 1932.

Transportation
Poway's transportation history parallels that of early California. In 1888, the first stagecoach began to serve the towns from San Diego to Escondido, including Poway. The stage made one stop in town, at the Poway Post Office, and also delivered mail to the farmers who would wait along the road for its arrival. The men would trot alongside the coach and inquire as to the state of the mail and thus receive letters without requiring it to stop. Eight to ten passengers could accompany the stagecoach on its three-day journey for a modest $1.00 fee, or purchase a round trip for the bargain price of $1.50. The route itself, though not treacherous when passing through Poway, did pose a significant challenge to the team and driver at various points. Windy mountain trails often caused the stage to turn over, spilling both mail and passengers onto the rocky turf. The city of San Diego discontinued the stage line in 1912, when the advent of the automobile facilitated an easier and less time-consuming method of mail delivery. Poway established a County Road Station in 1920 to oil and maintain the roads so that automobiles could use them with ease. The road station remained in operation until 1961, when Poway achieved an 80% paved road rate. To this day, though, the town still boasts a number of dirt roads, for use by cars, horses, bikes, and pedestrians. Portions of what is currently Pomerado Road, a major north–south artery, were once U.S. Route 395 in California.

Water
Poway's greatest change started in the 1950s when water came to the valley. On January 29, 1954, an election was held on the formation of the Poway Municipal Water District, which passed with an overwhelming majority of 210 ayes to 32 nays. At the second election on March 25, 1954, the citizens voted to annex to the San Diego County Water Authority. At a third election held April 22, 1954, the citizens voted to incur bonded debt of $600,000 to build a water system. The first water delivery was made in July 1954 to Gordon's Grocery on Garden Road. In 1972 Poway Dam was built to provide a dependable supply of water.

In 1957, the Pomerado County Water District was organized to provide sewer service to 1610 acre along Pomerado Road. In 1959 the first subdivision homes were built and sold as Poway Valley Homes and Poway's population began to climb. On December 1, 1980, the City of Poway incorporated and the two districts, Poway Municipal Water and Pomerado County Water, became part of the City structure. The district issued a restriction for watering lawns. It allowed people to water their lawns three days a week each week. After a year or two, these restrictions were lifted.

Geography
Poway is north of the city of San Diego and south of the city of Escondido. Nearby communities include Rancho Bernardo, Sabre Springs, Scripps Ranch, Rancho Peñasquitos, and Ramona to the east.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers an area of 39.2 sqmi, 99.78% of it land, and 0.22% of it water. The confluence of the 33rd parallel north and 117th meridian west is located on a hillside in a private property.

Climate
Poway has a borderline semi-arid climate (Köppen: Bsh) and hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with hot summers and cool wet winters.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Poway had a population of 47,811. The population density was 1,220.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Poway was 36,781 (76.9%) White, 783 (1.6%) African American, 265 (0.6%) Native American, 4,853 (10.2%) Asian, 106 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 2,944 (6.2%) from other races, and 2,079 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race numbered 7,508 (15.7%).

The Census reported that 47,261 people (98.8% of the population) lived in households, 284 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 266 (0.6%) were institutionalized.

There were 16,128 households, out of which 6,493 (40.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,523 (65.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,675 (10.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 742 (4.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 580 (3.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 111 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships; 2,469 households (15.3%) were made up of individuals, and 1,185 (7.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93. There were 12,940 families (80.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.23.

In the city, 11,948 people (25.0%) were under the age of 18, 3,912 people (8.2%) were 18 to 24, 10,496 people (22.0%) 25 to 44, 15,555 people (32.5%) 45 to 64, and 5,900 people (12.3%) were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

There were 16,715 housing units at an average density of 426.8 /mi2, of which 12,000 (74.4%) were owner-occupied, and 4,128 (25.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.5%. 35,111 people (73.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 12,150 people (25.4%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
According to the census of 2000, there were 48,044 people, 15,467 households, and 12,868 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,224.8 PD/sqmi. There were 15,714 housing units at an average density of 400.6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 82.85% White, 7.46% Asian, 1.67% African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.28% Pacific Islander, 3.27% from other races, and 3.99% from two or more races. Across all races 10.35% are Hispanic or Latino.

There were 15,467 households, out of which 47.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% have an unmarried female householder, and 16.8% were non-families. Of all households, 12.6% were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 people and the average family size was 3.35 people.

In the city, 30.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.

The median income for a household in Poway is $92,083, and the median income for a family was $103,972, making it the 25th most expensive zip code in the United States (as of a 2007 estimate ). Males had a median income of $53,322 versus $52,742 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,788. About 3.1% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

According to estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments, the median household income of Poway in 2005 was $96,474 (not adjusted for inflation). When adjusted for inflation (1999 dollars; comparable to Census data above), the median household income was $78,340.

Top employers
According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top ten employers in the city are:

Parks and recreation

 * Aubrey Park
 * Blue Sky Ecological Reserve
 * Old Poway Park (home to Poway-Midland Railroad and Poway Historical and Memorial Society)
 * Starridge Park
 * Poway Community Park
 * Lake Poway

Hiking trails

 * Interpretive Center at Pauwai
 * Sycamore Canyon Preserve and Goodan Ranch
 * City of Poway Trails

Government
Poway incorporated as a general law city in December 1980. Like most California cities, it uses a council/manager form of government. City policies are set by a five-member city council which includes a directly elected mayor. The mayor and councilmembers are elected at-large to overlapping four-year terms. Council appoints the deputy mayor, the city attorney, and the city manager.

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Poway is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Poway is in.

County representation
In the San Diego County Board of Supervisors, Poway is in County Supervisor District 2 East County and is represented by Joel Anderson.

Education
Presently, the Poway Unified School District (PUSD) has grown to twenty-five elementary schools (kindergarten to 5th grade), six middle schools (6th–8th grades), six high (9th–12th grades) schools, a home-schooling program, and a K–8 school. PUSD has a record of high performance. One of its students, Anurag Kashyap (an eighth-grader at the time), became the 2005 National Spelling Bee champion after winning on the word "appoggiatura". Poway Adult School was established in 1963 by the Poway Unified School District. Poway Adult School is a provider of adult education services in the City of Poway and its surrounding communities. Poway Adult School offers adult education courses for adults in the areas of high school diploma, GED, HISET, adult basic education, ESL, parenting classes, community education courses, and career technical education courses (CTE). Poway Adult School also offers a robust selection of short-term CTE courses in certified nurse assistant, real estate, court reporting, financing, computers, and more. Poway Adult School offers a wide range of community education courses for the community such as yoga, music classes, and much more. Poway Adult School is a member of the Education to Career Network of North San Diego County. ETCN is one of 71 consortiums in California and is funded by the California Adult Education Program.

Poway High School
Poway High School operates as part of the Poway Unified School District. The school's athletic teams, the Titans, participate in wrestling, lacrosse, baseball, softball, water polo, football, cross country, and 11 other sports.

Infrastructure
San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) operates public transportation in the City of Poway. MTS routes 944 and 945 connect the city to the Sabre Springs and Rancho Bernardo transit centers.

Notable people

 * Brian Awadis, YouTube personality star, known as FaZe Rug
 * Bruce Bochy, former Major League Baseball catcher and manager of the San Diego Padres and San Francisco Giants
 * Fletcher Bowron, mayor of Los Angeles 1938–53
 * Tom Brunansky, former Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Lloyd M. Bucher, U.S. naval officer, commanding officer of USS Pueblo (AGER-2)
 * Jeromy Burnitz, former Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Brian Patrick Butler, actor and filmmaker
 * David Buttolph, American film composer who scored over 300 movies[1] and TV shows in his career
 * Brandon Call, actor, Step By Step, Baywatch''
 * Luis Castillo, former defensive end for the San Diego Chargers
 * Tom DeLonge, guitarist/singer of the rock band Blink-182, also known for Box Car Racer and Angels & Airwaves
 * Alex Dickerson (born 1990), Major League Baseball outfielder for the Atlanta Braves
 * Lauren Elaine, celebrity fashion designer, actress, and model, known for her movie roles and appearances in Dierks Bentley's music videos
 * Roger Guy English, Guinness World Record holder
 * Antonio Gates, former tight end for the San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers
 * David Goeddel, biotechnology pioneer and acclaimed scientist
 * Tony Gwynn, member of Baseball Hall of Fame, retired San Diego Padres star, and former manager of SDSU Aztecs baseball team
 * Christy Hemme, actress, model, and former professional wrestler
 * Charley Hoffman, PGA Tour professional golfer
 * Mary Ann Horton, computer expert
 * Connor Joe, Major League Baseball outfielder
 * David Justice, former Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Anurag Kashyap, winner of the 2005 Scripps National Spelling Bee and 2008 Teen Jeopardy Tournament
 * Lorenzo Lamas, actor
 * Bobby Lee, actor and stand-up comedian
 * Shawne Merriman, former outside linebacker for the San Diego Chargers and Buffalo Bills
 * Trevi Moran, singer and YouTube personality
 * Phil Nevin, former Major League Baseball player for the San Diego Padres
 * Shaun Phillips, former National Football League outside linebacker for the San Diego Chargers
 * Kelsey Plum, professional basketball player for the Las Vegas Aces in the WNBA
 * Scott Raynor, original drummer of the rock band Blink-182
 * Dave Rickards, radio host, Dave, Shelly, and Chainsaw Radio Show, KGB-FM
 * Mark Risley, Emmy-winning director
 * Philip Rivers, former quarterback for the San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers
 * Scott Simpson, former PGA golfer and 1987 U.S. Open Champion
 * Jeff Smith, American player of gridiron football
 * Michael Stelzner, founder and CEO of Social Media Examiner
 * Jesse Taylor, MMA fighter
 * Lindsay Taylor, professional basketball player
 * LaDainian Tomlinson, former running back for the San Diego Chargers and the New York Jets
 * Unwritten Law, punk rock band
 * Steve Vaus (aka Buck Howdy), four-time Grammy Award nominee, 2010 Grammy winner; elected Mayor of Poway in 2014
 * Nick Vincent (born 1986), Major League Baseball pitcher in the Minnesota Twins organization, former San Diego Padres player
 * Matt Wilhelm, former National Football League middle linebacker for the San Diego Chargers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Poway, California


text:
Rainbow, California

Rainbow is a census designated place (CDP) in northern San Diego County in the U.S. state of California. The population was 1,832 at the 2010 census, down from 2,026 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Rainbow is located at 33.41111°N, -117.14917°W (33.411213, -117.149209).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.0 sqmi, all land.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rainbow has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

2010
At the 2010 census Rainbow had a population of 1,832. The population density was 165.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Rainbow was 1,324 (72.3%) White, 19 (1.0%) African American, 12 (0.7%) Native American, 43 (2.3%) Asian, 12 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 371 (20.3%) from other races, and 51 (2.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 665 people (36.3%).

The census reported that 1,745 people (95.3% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 87 (4.7%) were institutionalized.

There were 644 households, 173 (26.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 375 (58.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 39 (6.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 26 (4.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 26 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 5 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 163 households (25.3%) were one person and 81 (12.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.71. There were 440 families (68.3% of households); the average family size was 3.20.

The age distribution was 343 people (18.7%) under the age of 18, 153 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 412 people (22.5%) aged 25 to 44, 555 people (30.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 369 people (20.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 45.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

There were 719 housing units at an average density of 65.1 per square mile, of the occupied units 475 (73.8%) were owner-occupied and 169 (26.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.1%. 1,230 people (67.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 515 people (28.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 2,026 people, 739 households, and 523 families in the CDP. The population density was 126.0 PD/sqmi. There were 780 housing units at an average density of 48.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.4% White, 0.2% African American, 0.8% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, 11.5% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.8%.

Of the 739 households 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 21.7% of households were one person and 10.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.15.

The age distribution was 23.7% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.9 males.

The median household income was $40,938 and the median family income was $44,833. Males had a median income of $38,661 versus $32,917 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,890. About 15.8% of families and 23.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.4% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

History
The area, previously known as "Vallecitos", (little valley), was renamed "Rainbow Valley" in the late 1880s, after Mr. James Peebles Marshall Rainbow, who bought a homestead there.

In October 2007, the Santa Ana winds fueled a major wildfire in the area.

The town has many palm tree farms, and is a gateway to the city of Temecula.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Rainbow is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Rainbow is in.

title: Rainbow, California


text:
Ramona, San Diego County, California

Ramona is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California. The population was 20,292 at the 2010 census.

The name Ramona also refers to an unincorporated community of San Diego (with some plans to incorporate) that includes both the Ramona CDP and the adjacent CDP of San Diego Country Estates. The population of the two CDPs, which does not include the fringe areas surrounding the CDPs, was 30,301 at the 2010 census, up from 25,223 at the 2000 census. The Ramona Community Planning Area had a population of 33,404 at the 2000 census. The January 1, 2006, population of the Ramona Community Planning Area is estimated to be 36,405 by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). USDA Hardiness Zones are 9b and 10a.

Early times
Before it was permanently settled, the Ramona area was inhabited by the Kumeyaay Nation of Native Americans (Diegueño), a semi-nomadic people, who established annual settlements there as they moved between coastal and inland grounds. Their presence is indicated by archeological evidence such as rock paintings, etchings, and grinding stones used to grind acorns into meal for bread.

During Mexican governance of California, Rancho Valle de Pamo (also called Rancho Santa María) was a 17,709 acre Mexican land grant that occupied the Santa Maria Valley and was centered on present-day Ramona.

The first post office was called Nuevo. The town took the name Ramona in 1886, when a land speculation syndicate, headed by Milton Santee, "organized the Santa Maria Land & Water Company and acquired 3200 acre for a townsite in the Santa Maria Valley and named it Ramona" after Helen Hunt Jackson's recent novel Ramona, which had stirred a nationwide interest in a romanticized vision of Southern California. The next year the town reverted to Nuevo because there was another town, in Los Angeles County, called Ramona. However, the other town did not flourish, and Nuevo permanently retook the name Ramona in 1894. Today in Ramona, there stands a Mexican restaurant named "Nuevo Grill" in remembrance of the town's original name. The restaurant even features a few old pictures that date back to when the town was still called Nuevo.

In 1886, Theophile Verlaque built the town's first house next to Amos' store. The Verlaque house, located at 645 Main Street in Ramona, is now home to the Ramona Pioneer Historical Society and its Guy B. Woodward Museum, and in 1991 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Ramona Town Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It has also been known as Town Hall of Nuevo, and Barnett Hall. The Hall was built on two lots donated by Milton Santee, who as noted above headed up the Santa Maria Land & Water Company syndicate. Augustus and Martha Barnett donated the $17,000 "to the towns people of Nuevo, on Washington's Birthday, February 22, 1894." Ramona Town Hall was designed by architect William S. Hebbard, who later, with his partner, Irving Gill, produced San Diego's best architecture until its breakup in 1907. The building is one of the largest, and oldest, adobe structures in southern California. Photographs of William Hebbard and Ramona Town Hall may be viewed on this San Diego Historical Society page, and on the Ramona Town Hall website.

As noted in a Ramona Home Journal article:

In the past, the Town Hall was home to Ramona’s first high school. Classes met upstairs from 1894 to 1898. The town’s first bank and first library also started in the building, and several religious groups met there before their churches were built.

Other organizations that met in the Town Hall included Ramona Grange, Santa Maria Masonic Lodge, Ramona Pioneer Historical Society, Ramona Chamber of Commerce, Ramona Art Guild, Town Hall Players and Ramona Council of Arts, Unlimited.

The Town Hall was used as a theater in the 1940s, with Harry Miles running the movie projector. It also was known as the community dance hall and the site of costume balls.

Recent history
In the 1960s, boxer Archie Moore held a training camp called "Salt Mine" which trained George Foreman and Muhammad Ali. Moore fought from 1936 until 1963 and battled the top names in boxing at the time, including Rocky Marciano, Floyd Patterson and Muhammad Ali. He won 185 of his 219 bouts before retiring at 49 years old after losing to Ali. Moore's connection to San Diego was his retreat, the Salt Mine Training Camp in Ramona. He called it “Salt Mine” because he said he worked as hard there to get ready for fights as anyone did in a salt mine. The property, at the foot of Mt. Woodson, included 120 acre with five homes, a boxing ring, a sweatbox (steam room) and miles of winding country roads and trails that Moore used for road work. Moore often encountered rattlesnakes and even mountain lions on his runs.

On Mother's Day, May 13, 1973, Ramona entered the national spotlight. 55-year-old former-tennis-great-turned-hustler, Bobby Riggs, challenged the then 30-year-old women's world number-one player, Margaret Court, to a match. The match was staged at Ramona's San Diego Country Estates. Riggs won easily, 6–2, 6–1. He later lost to Billie Jean King in The Battle of the Sexes at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, on September 20, 1973.

The Cedar Fire began in Ramona approximately 3 mi east of the San Diego Country Estates area, on October 25, 2003. The fire would eventually consume approximately 280000 acre, burn 2,820 buildings (including 2,232 homes), and take 15 lives. The Cedar Fire was the largest fire in California history at the time. In her book, A Canyon Trilogy, author Chi Varnado, a longtime Ramona resident, described many of the hardships the victims faced in the aftermath of the fire.

The Witch Fire began near Ramona near the area called Witch Creek on October 21, 2007. By three days later it had burned approximately 195000 acre in San Diego County with over 640 homes destroyed, 250 damaged, and 12 firefighters injured according to the San Diego Union Tribune. Roads into the town were closed. On October 24 the Witch Fire merged with another fire called the Poomacha which had originated in the area of the La Jolla Indian Reservation. Along with more than 10 other fires burning in San Diego County at the same time, the Witch-Poomacha fire helped cause the largest mandatory evacuations in U.S. history, with over 500,000 people displaced as of October 24.

In January 2006, Ramona Valley was designated the country's 162nd American Viticultural Area (AVA) by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, which recognized the area for its distinctive microclimate, elevation, and soil attributes.

In May 2009, a grade 6 student at Mt. Woodson Elementary, Natalie Jones, was forbidden from delivering a class presentation on assassinated gay San Francisco city councilor Harvey Milk because her principal, and later the school district, declared it a "sensitive" issue that not all parents might want their children to learn about. The American Civil Liberties Union labeled the school district's actions as censorship and stepped in to give the school district five days to reverse its decision, and promise never to do anything like it again, or they would launch a lawsuit on Natalie's behalf. The school district did not immediately respond.

Local
As an unincorporated town, Ramona's plenary local governing body is the San Diego County Board of Supervisors. However, many governmental functions operate at the local level in Ramona.

The Ramona Municipal Water District (RMWD) is Ramona's local agency (within its boundaries) for water and sewer service, fire protection, paramedic services, and parks. The RMWD contracts with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection to operate the Ramona Fire Department. The RMWD is governed by a five-member elected board of directors.

In the area of Ramona outside and east of the Ramona Municipal Water District, fire protection and paramedic service is provided by the InterMountain Fire - Rescue Department. It operates as a California 501c(3) non-profit corporation, and up to 9 people sit on its board of directors. Portions of Ramona, notably the Barona Mesa area adjacent to San Diego Country Estates, are under the jurisdiction of the San Diego Rural Fire Protection District (View its District map).

With one exception, public schools in Ramona are operated by the Ramona Unified School District, which is governed by an elected five-person board of trustees. The exception was Sun Valley Charter High School. Although its charter was approved by the RUSD, it was governed by its own board. The charter school failed after a few years from a decline in the number of students and political friction from the RUSD.

Ramona Adult School was established in 1993 by the Ramona Unified School District. Ramona Adult School is a provider of adult education services in Ramona, California and serves the communities of Ballena, Santa Ysabel, San Diego Country Estates, Four Corners, Barona Reservation, Fernbrook, San Pasqual Valley, and Wynola. At an elevation of 1,430 ft, the adult school campus is located on the grounds of Montecito high school which is nestled in beautiful and historic foothills of the noteworthy Cuyamaca Mountains. Ramona Adult School offers adult education courses for adults in the areas of: high school diploma, GED, HISET, and adult basic education. Ramona Adult School works collaboratively with Palomar College and other local adult schools to connect students with post-secondary education and training. Ramona Adult School is a member of the Education to Career Network of North San Diego County. ETCN is one of 71 Consortiums in the State of California and is funded by the California Adult Education Program.

The Nuevo Gardens Memorial Cemetery is a public cemetery located at 532 Ash Street, Ramona, CA 92065, and governed by a three-person Board of Trustees, who are appointed by the San Diego County Board of Supervisors.

State and federal representation
In the California State Legislature, Ramona is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Ramona is in.

Geography
According to the United States Geological Survey Ramona is located at 33.04167°N, -116.86806°W within the Santa Maria Valley. This is near the intersection of State Route 67 and State Route 78 and near the economic center of Ramona. The elevation is 1391 ft above sea level (at Ramona Airport).

Because Ramona is not an incorporated city, there are no city limits by which to measure its area. There are primarily three geographic areas by which the land area of Ramona is measured: 1. The boundaries of the Ramona Municipal Water District (approximately 75 sqmi ); 2. The boundaries of the Ramona Unified School District (approximately 150 sqmi ), and; 3. The boundaries of the Ramona Community Planning Area. The last is the primary area utilized by San Diego County's regional planning agency, the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG).

The Ramona Community Planning Area encompasses more than 84000 acre (over 130 sqmi) in central San Diego County. The RCPA includes the unincorporated town of Ramona, California, and is located in the foothills of the Laguna Mountains. It is located east northeast of the City of Poway (with which it shares a boundary), east southeast of the City of Escondido, north of Lakeside, California and west southwest of Santa Ysabel, California.

The RCPA consists primarily of the Santa Maria Valley and the San Vicente Valley, and the steep or mountainous terrain surrounding them. It also includes the Ballena Valley east of town, and Bandy Canyon and a small portion of the southern edge of the San Pasqual Valley. In the San Pasqual Valley, the RCPA abuts the City of San Diego.

The historical town center of Ramona is located in the Santa Maria Valley. This valley was the Rancho Santa Maria, a Mexican land grant. The San Vicente Valley was formerly part of the Rancho Cañada de San Vicente y Mesa del Padre Barona Mexican land grant. The San Diego Country Estates subdivision in Ramona is located in the San Vicente Valley. The Barona Indian Reservation, not part of the RCPA, is also within part of the Rancho Cañada de San Vicente y Mesa del Padre Barona Mexican land grant.

Map of the Ramona Community Planning Area.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Ramona CDP covers an area of 38.4 sqmi, 99.95% of it land, and 0.05% of it water.

Climate
Ramona has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) typical of inland southern California, with a high diurnal temperature variation that averages 30.3 F-change over the year. Official record temperatures since 1974 range from 16 °F on January 17, 2007, up to 117 °F on July 6, 2018.

Ramona CDP
At the 2010 census Ramona had a population of 20,292. The population density was 528.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Ramona was 15,887 (78.3%) White, 139 (0.7%) African American, 224 (1.1%) Native American, 279 (1.4%) Asian, 71 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 2,965 (14.6%) from other races, and 727 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,334 persons (31.2%).

The census reported that 20,168 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 114 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 10 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 6,627 households, 2,631 (39.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,893 (58.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 788 (11.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 425 (6.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 419 (6.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 62 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,091 households (16.5%) were one person and 429 (6.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.04. There were 5,106 families (77.0% of households); the average family size was 3.36.

The age distribution was 5,247 people (25.9%) under the age of 18, 2,140 people (10.5%) aged 18 to 24, 4,901 people (24.2%) aged 25 to 44, 5,945 people (29.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,059 people (10.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 36.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.

There were 7,083 housing units at an average density of 184.3 per square mile, of the occupied units 4,187 (63.2%) were owner-occupied and 2,440 (36.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.1%. 12,399 people (61.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 7,769 people (38.3%) lived in rental housing units.

Ramona, including San Diego Country Estates CDP
The 2010 United States Census reported that Ramona CDP and San Diego Country Estates CDP combined had a population of 30,301. The racial makeup of this combination was 24,994 (82.5%) White, 230 (0.8%) African American, 314 (1.0%) Native American, 426 (1.4%) Asian, 105 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 3,041 (10.0%) from other races, and 1,091 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7,460 persons (24.6%).

2000
The United States census of 2000 included two census-designated places (CDP) - Ramona CDP and San Diego Country Estate CDP. Some areas of Ramona were not included in any CDP.

The U.S. Census Bureau created a new statistical entity for tabulating summary statistics from Census 2000 by ZIP code, the Zip Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA). Ramona has a single United States Postal Service ZIP code: 92065.

The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), San Diego County's regional planning agency, has compiled census data for all census tracts in the Ramona Community Planning Area (RCPA). These statistics are slightly different than the 92065 ZCTA, as the RCPA includes some land area outside the 92065 ZIP code. (Map of RCPA)

2000 census information for the Ramona CDP, the San Diego Country Estate CDP, 92065 ZCTA, and the RCPA (as prepared by SANDAG), is set forth below.

92065 ZCTA
At the 2000 census, there were 33,087 people living in the 92065 Zip Code Tabulation Area.

RCPA
At the 2000 census, there were 33,404 people, 10,803 households, and 8,814 families living in the RCPA. The population density was 254.5 PD/sqmi. There were 11,190 housing units at an average density of 85.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the RCPA was 78.35% White, 0.67% African American, 0.81% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.03% of the population.

There were 10,803 households, 45.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 8.67% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.41% were non-families. 13.2% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.79.

In the RCPA the population was spread out, with 30.03% under the age of 18, 8.08% from 18 to 24, 29.01% from 25 to 44, 23.53% from 45 to 64, and 9.34% 65 or older. The median age was 35.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.

The median household income was in the RCPA was $60,534. The per capita income for the RCPA was $19,576. About 5.3% of families and 9% of the population were below the poverty line. Only 3.57% of families including a married couple were below the poverty line, while 13.98% of male-headed households with no wife present and 14.62% of female-headed households with no husband present fell below the poverty line.

Of the population 15 years of age or older, 63% were married (excluding separated), 23% had never been married, 8% were divorced, 4% were widowed, and 1% were separated. Of those 25 or older 86.34% had graduated high school (including GEDs), and 31.1% had attended college, but had not earned a degree. 8% of this group had earned an associate degree, 15% a bachelor's degree and 6% a masters. 2% had gone on to earn a professional school degree, and 1% had earned a doctorate.

72.2% of housing units were owner occupied, with the median value of these set at $240,137. Of all housing units in the RCPA, 82.71% were built in 1970 or later, and 55.1% were built in 1980 or later.

96.03% of occupied households had at least one motor vehicle, and 75.49% had two or more vehicles. For those employed, the average travel time to work was 36 minutes. 14.76% had travel times to work of 60 minutes or more.

Ramona CDP
According to the United States Census Bureau the Ramona CDP is located at Ramona is located at 33.03583°N, -116.87056°W (33.035868, -116.870633).

At the 2000 census there were 15,691 people, 5,021 households, and 3,886 families living in the CDP. The population density was 1,026.9 PD/sqmi. There were 5,131 housing units at an average density of 335.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.60% White, 0.78% African American, 1.33% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.27% Pacific Islander, 12.56% from other races, and 3.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.99%. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 15.3 sqmi, all land.

Of the 5,021 households 43.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 16.1% of households were one person and 6.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.45.

The age distribution was 31.2% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.

The median household income was $48,625 and the median family income was $53,372. Males had a median income of $40,376 versus $26,105 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,898. About 9.1% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

San Diego Country Estates CDP
According to the United States Census Bureau the San Diego Country Estates CDP is located at 33.0025°N, -116.79889°W (33.002636, -116.799005). The CDP has a total area of 17.0 sqmi, all land.

At the 2000 census there were 9,262 people, 2,992 households, and 2,650 families living in the CDP. The population density was 545.9 PD/sqmi. There were 3,102 housing units at an average density of 182.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.92% White, 0.72% African American, 0.49% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 0.27% Pacific Islander, 1.72% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.70%.

Of the 2,992 households 47.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.0% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.4% were non-families. 8.4% of households were one person and 3.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.27.

The age distribution was 31.6% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median household income was $77,547 and the median family income was $79,409. Males had a median income of $55,825 versus $34,472 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,685. About 2.6% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 1.0% of those age 65 or over.

Agriculture
At one time Ramona was known as the "Turkey Capital of the World." Turkey production flourished during the 1930s, and the industry was featured with popular annual Turkey Days celebrations. Turkey production went into sharp decline following World War II, and ended completely by 1959.

The decline of the turkey industry was followed by rapid growth in the chicken egg business. Egg production, which began in the 1920s, thrived into the 1970s. In 1970, there were about 50 egg ranches in Ramona. Today, most of the chicken ranches are gone. By 2003, only four remained. A notable exception to the decline is the Pine Hills Egg Ranch, which at 1,100,000 birds is the 58th largest nationally, and the 5th largest in the state of California. The demise of the egg industry was, in part, due to population growth and increased land values. It was also caused by an outbreak of deadly exotic Newcastle's Disease in 1971, which took three years to stem, and another outbreak in late 2002.

Dairies used to be common in Ramona, particularly along contiguous Dye Road, Ramona Street and Warnock Road. Today, one dairy remains on Dye Road.

Notable among current agricultural pursuits in Ramona is rapidly growing wine grape production. The 89000 acre Ramona Valley American Viticultural Area surrounds the town. An aerial photograph depicting the Ramona Valley Viticultural Area may be viewed at the Ramona Valley Vineyard Association's website.

Although the cost of imported water has been a negative issue in recent years, avocado and citrus orchards are also prominent.

Perhaps Ramona's greatest recent claim to fame comes from Thoroughbred horse breeding. The Golden Eagle Farm in eastern Ramona's Ballena Valley was the home of Best Pal, the second-place finisher of the 1991 Kentucky Derby. No California bred race horse has earned more than the US$5.6 million in purses he won. Best Pal is buried on the Golden Eagle Farm.

Culture
Ramona is the filming location for the films South of 8 (2016), The Samuel Project (2018), Why the Nativity? (2022), and Hemet, or the Landlady Don't Drink Tea (2023).

Notable residents

 * Budd Boetticher - film and television director, producer; died in Ramona
 * Johnny Borneman, III - American racecar driver
 * William Thomas Burns - Major League Baseball player; died in Ramona
 * William Cagney - film producer, brother of James Cagney, owned a ranch in Ramona
 * Dave Cripe - baseball player; born in Ramona
 * Jake Gagne – motorcycle racer; was born and grew up in Ramona
 * John Hopkins - motorcycle racer, MotoGP, Superbike World Championship
 * Ross Martin - actor, The Wild Wild West; died in Ramona
 * Archie Moore - boxer, light-heavyweight world champion 1952–62, actor; owned training camp in Ramona, where a street is named for him
 * Larry Poole - actor and film producer
 * Casey Tibbs - rodeo cowboy and actor; died in Ramona
 * Dai Vernon - magician; died in Ramona
 * Nick Vincent - Major League Baseball pitcher; attended Ramona High School
 * Lynda Wiesmeier - Playboy Playmate, Miss July 1982; died in Ramona
 * Stanley B. Wilson - Labor leader and newspaper publisher; preached in Ramona and edited the Ramona Sentinel

title: Ramona, San Diego County, California


text:
Rancho Santa Fe, California

Rancho Santa Fe is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California, United States, within the San Diego metropolitan area. The population was 3,156 at the 2020 census. The CDP is primarily residential with a few shopping blocks, a middle and elementary school, and several restaurants.

Rancho Santa Fe borders the Fairbanks Ranch gated community to the southeast, Solana Beach to the southwest, and Encinitas to the west.

History
In 1841, Rancho San Dieguito, as it was originally named, was a Mexican land grant of 8824 acres from Governor Pío Pico of Alta California to Juan Maria Osuna, the first alcalde (mayor) of the Pueblo of San Diego.

In 1906, the Santa Fe Railway, a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, purchased the entire land grant to plant a Blue gum eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) tree plantation for use as railroad ties, but the wood proved too soft to hold railroad spikes. The railroad then formed the Santa Fe Land Improvement Company to develop a planned community of country estates, and 6200 acres developed from the original Rancho San Dieguito land grant were renamed "Rancho Santa Fe" in 1922.

In 1921, architect Lilian Rice, working under Requa and Jackson, was chosen to develop the community's master plan. Rice worked through to 1927, designing, supervising, and constructing the village center, as well as several homes. The basics of the original Lilian Rice land plan are in effect to this day, and the resulting low density high green space community is unique in Southern California.

In 1923, the Santa Fe Land Company constructed a guest house called "La Morada" to house potential land purchasers. It was renamed in 1941, as "The Inn", when it was purchased by a private owner.

From 1937 to 1947, Bing Crosby hosted a golf tournament known as the "Bing Crosby Clambake" at the Rancho Santa Fe Country Club. Crosby's golf tournaments, which included Hollywood celebrities matched against professionals, drew great crowds to the area. After 1947, the tournament was moved to Monterey Peninsula, not far from San Francisco.

In 1989, "The Covenant" of Rancho Santa Fe was registered as California Historical Landmark #982 for its status as a historic planned community.

In 1996, the religious cult Heaven's Gate began renting a mansion in Rancho Santa Fe which, in March 1997, became the site of the group's mass suicide.

In 2007, the Witch Fire caused significant damage to Rancho Santa Fe, damaging or destroying over 80 homes.

Geography
Rancho Santa Fe is located at 33.02389°N, -117.2°W (33.023943, -117.200110).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.8 sqmi. 6.7 sqmi of it is land and 0.1 sqmi of it (1.07%) is water.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rancho Santa Fe has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

The climate of Rancho Santa Fe is, for the most part, typical of the San Diego metropolitan area though its higher elevation and inland location lends itself to larger temperature variations.

2010
At the 2010 census Rancho Santa Fe had a population of 3,117. The population density was 459.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Rancho Santa Fe was 2,910 (93.4%) White, 10 (0.3%) African American, 1 (0.0%) Native American, 87 (2.8%) Asian, 4 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 45 (1.4%) from other races, and 60 (1.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 176 people (5.6%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 1,195 households, 364 (30.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 848 (71.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 62 (5.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 33 (2.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 23 (1.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 9 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 213 households (17.8%) were one person and 124 (10.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.61. There were 943 families (78.9% of households); the average family size was 2.93.

The age distribution was 724 people (23.2%) under the age of 18, 142 people (4.6%) aged 18 to 24, 332 people (10.7%) aged 25 to 44, 1,178 people (37.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 741 people (23.8%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 51.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

There were 1,391 housing units at an average density of 204.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 1,010 (84.5%) were owner-occupied and 185 (15.5%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 12.3%. 2,674 people (85.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 443 people (14.2%) lived in rental housing units.

The median household income was $188,859. Males had a median income of over $153,512 versus $71,667 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $125,367. 3.2% of the population and 2.1% of families were below the poverty line. 2.3% under the age of 18 and 9.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 3,252 people in 1,204 households, including 947 families, in the CDP. The population density was 476.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,339 housing units at an average density of 196.1 /mi2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.33% White, 0.46% African American, 0.15%  Native American, 2.77% Asian, 0.06%  Pacific Islander, 2.15% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.32%.

Of the 1,204 households 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.4% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 17.9% of households were one person and 11.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.01.

The age distribution was 25.9% under the age of 18, 2.9% from 18 to 24, 17.7% from 25 to 44, 33.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% 65 or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median household income was in excess of $200,000, as was the median family income. Males had a median income of over $150,000 versus $86,933 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $113,132; and was the second wealthiest community in the United States. 3.5% of the population and 2.0% of families were below the poverty line. 4.4% under the age of 18 and 5.5% of those 65 and older was living below the poverty line.

Politics
Rancho Santa Fe is a stronghold of the Republican Party in San Diego County. In the 2008 Presidential Election, its voters chose John McCain over Barack Obama with 66.61%, significantly higher than the county-wide average of 43.79%. The community approved of California Proposition 8 with 57.57%, while Proposition 4 passed with 53.06% of the vote.

In the California State Legislature, Rancho Santa Fe is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Rancho Santa Fe is located in California's 50th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D+14 and is represented by.

Education
Rancho Santa Fe is serviced by the following school districts:
 * Rancho Santa Fe Elementary School District
 * Solana Beach School District (Pre-K through Grade 6)
 * San Dieguito Union High School District (Grade 7 through Grade 12)

The public library in Rancho Santa Fe is a branch of the San Diego County Library system, and is open to all California residents. The Rancho Santa Fe Library Guild owns the building and land that house the Rancho Santa Fe Library, as well as providing the staff for the children's room.

Notable residents

 * Warren Barton, former English football player
 * Bud Black, manager of Colorado Rockies, major league pitcher from 1981 to 1995, manager of San Diego Padres 2007–2015
 * Drew Brees, NFL quarterback, lived in Rancho Santa Fe between 2003 and 2012
 * Tom Chino, farmer
 * John H. Cox, businessman and politician
 * Jenny Craig, founder of Jenny Craig Inc.
 * Steve Finley, former major league baseball player
 * Taylor Fritz, professional tennis player
 * Bill Gates, entrepreneur, software executive, philanthropist and former chairman of Microsoft
 * Jonathan Goldsmith, actor
 * Gordon Hayward, professional basketball player, lived in Rancho Santa Fe between 2015 and 2020
 * Charley Hoffman, professional golfer, San Diego native
 * Trevor Hoffman, former professional baseball player
 * Robert Herring owner of Herring Networks
 * Kyle Hurt, professional baseball player
 * Travis Lee, former professional baseball player
 * Quentin Jammer, former professional football player
 * Jelena Janković, Serbian professional tennis player
 * Kawhi Leonard, professional basketball player
 * Mike Love, Beach Boys singer and songwriter
 * Jamie Lovemark, professional golfer
 * Phil Mickelson, professional golfer
 * John Moores, philanthropist, former owner of San Diego Padres, former regent of University of California
 * Bill Murray, actor
 * Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
 * Philip Rivers, professional football player
 * Ace Frehley, former Kiss guitarist
 * Andrew Viterbi, Communication engineer, Qualcomm founder
 * CoCo Vandeweghe, women's tennis player.
 * Troy Polamalu, former professional football player
 * Arnold Schwarzenegger, former professional body builder, actor and governor of California (vacation home)
 * Richard Simmons, actor and weight loss guru
 * Tiger Woods, professional golfer (vacation home)

Notable former residents

 * Jackson D. Arnold, retired Admiral, USN
 * Glen Bell, founder of Taco Bell
 * Clair Burgener, former congressman
 * Bing Crosby, actor, singer
 * Sidney Frank, liquor promotions billionaire
 * Howard Hughes, business magnate, investor, aviator, aerospace engineer, film maker and philanthropist
 * Joan Kroc, philanthropist and widow of McDonald's founder Ray Kroc
 * George J. Lewis, actor, best known for playing Don Alejandro de la Vega in the 1950s television series Zorro
 * Victor Mature, stage, film and television actor
 * Patti Page, stage, film, television, recording artist
 * Lilian Jennette Rice, early 20th-century architect, designed The Inn and civic center of Rancho Santa Fe, plus homes that hold a historic designation
 * Pete Rozelle, former commissioner of the NFL
 * Milburn Stone, actor, "Doc Adams" on the TV series Gunsmoke
 * John Paxton, actor
 * Bill Paxton, actor
 * Preston M. Fleet, WD-40, Reuben H Fleet Science Center and Planetarium, IMAX/Omni Max Hearst Castle.

title: Rancho Santa Fe, California


text:
San Diego Country Estates, California

San Diego Country Estates, commonly referred to as the Estates, is a valley resort populace composed of several neighborhoods associated with the unincorporated community of Ramona, California. The Estates are a census-designated place in North County, a region of the San Diego metropolitan area. The Estates is just east of the North County city of Poway and southeast of Ramona; 38 mi northeast of San Diego and 46 mi from the regional center of Carlsbad. San Diego Country Estates had a population of 10,109 at the 2010 census, up from 9,262 at the 2000 census.

Early history
Before the development of the Estates, the area was inhabited by the northern Ipai, a semi-nomadic people and a group of the Kumeyaay. These people are known by many names, some of which include the Digueno, Tipai-Ipai, or Kamia. The San Vicente Valley was home to the temporary settlements of these people who traveled the region between Escondido and Lake Henshaw. Grinding stones, commonly found in large boulders throughout the valley alongside creeks and used to create acorn meal for bread, are testament to their historic presence in the area.

In the 1700s the valley in which San Diego Country Estates is located received its name when Father Mariner of Mission San Diego de Alcalá discovered the location, proclaiming it a constant and beautiful valley, and named it in honor of Saint Vincent. As the area became colonized by the Spanish and later fell under Mexican jurisdiction, the land of the San Vicente Valley became a part of the Mexican land-grant known as Rancho Cañada de San Vicente y Mesa del Padre Barona in 1846. Under the grant prominent persons such as William Augustus Barnett and families, the Dukes, settled the region.

In 1970 Raymond A. Watt, a national award-winning builder, purchased 3,250 acres in the San Vicente Valley with the intent of building a new community that became San Diego Country Estates.

Contemporary history
San Diego Country Estates, on May 13, 1973, hosted former 55-year-old tennis player Bobby Riggs and then 30-year-old women's world number one player, Margaret Court. Court was challenged to a tennis match by Riggs and the game was held at the San Vicente Country Club and Golf Course Resort. Riggs won the match 6-2, 6-1.

The area is well known for its history with Southern California wildfires. Several fires including the Witch Fire and Cedar Fire have begun near the Estates. On October 23, 2003, the Cedar Fire began approximately 3 miles east of the Estates in Cleveland National Forest.

Also beginning near the Estates, the Witch Fire began October 21, 2007 and was part of a series of fires that ravaged Southern California. The Witch Creek fire caused the evacuation of the thousands of residents of the Estates area and evacuating cars were bottlenecked on the San Vicente Highway, a main artery leading to San Diego Country Estates from Ramona. It was feared that the fire would sweep west from the ridge separating the Estates and Ramona, catching vehicles evacuating west through North County, however, the wind changed the course of the fire. The Witch Creek fire was initially feared to be larger than the Cedar Fire but instead resulted in becoming the second largest fire in California history. Ultimately the Witch Creek burned 197,990 acres (801 km2) and forced the evacuation of an estimated 1,000,000 people in the San Diego metropolitan area, the largest evacuation in California history.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Estates has a total area of 16.9 square miles (43.6 km$2$), all land.

San Diego Country Estates is in the San Vicente Valley 33.0025°N, -116.79889°W (33.002636, -116.799005). bordered on all sides by rolling hills with the exception of the prominent Mount Gower, in Cleveland National Forest. There are only three main entrances and exits into the estates via the San Vicente Highway, Old Julian Highway, and Wildcat Canyon Highway leading to Barona, and eventually South Bay.

To the west of San Diego Country Estates are Poway and Ramona, to the south is Lakeside, to the east is Cleveland National Forest and to the north is the Palomar Mountain Range.

2010
At the 2010 census San Diego Country Estates had a population of 10,109. The population density was 599.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of San Diego Country Estates was 9,107 (90.1%) White, 91 (0.9%) African American, 90 (0.9%) Native American, 147 (1.5%) Asian, 34 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 276 (2.7%) from other races, and 364 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,126 persons (11.1%).

The census reported that 10,096 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 13 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 3,441 households, 1,380 (40.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2,479 (72.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 253 (7.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 142 (4.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 145 (4.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 29 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 421 households (12.2%) were one person and 154 (4.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.93. There were 2,874 families (83.5% of households); the average family size was 3.17.

The age distribution was 2,559 people (25.3%) under the age of 18, 832 people (8.2%) aged 18 to 24, 2,208 people (21.8%) aged 25 to 44, 3,376 people (33.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,134 people (11.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males.

There were 3,686 housing units at an average density of 218.8 per square mile, of the occupied units 3,056 (88.8%) were owner-occupied and 385 (11.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.0%. 8,787 people (86.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,309 people (12.9%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 9,262 people, 2,992 households, and 2,650 families residing in the Estates. The population density was 545.9 PD/sqmi. There were 3,102 housing units at an average density of 182.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the Estates was 92.92% White, 0.72% African American, 0.49% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 0.27% Pacific Islander, 1.72% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.70%.

Of the 2,992 households, 47.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.0% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.4% were non-families. 8.4% of households were one person, and 3.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the Estates the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

The median household income was in San Diego Country Estates was $77,547, and the median family income was $79,409. Males had a median income of $55,825 versus $34,472 for females. The per capita income for the Estates was $27,685. About 2.6% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 1.0% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the California State Legislature, San Diego Country Estates is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, San Diego Country Estates is in.

Education
San Diego Country Estates is served by the Ramona Unified School District. These schools include:
 * Barnett - An elementary school serving the western areas of the Estates
 * James Dukes - An elementary school serving the eastern areas of the Estates

Communities

 * San Diego Country Estates, the largest community in, and sharing its name with, the Estates. The San Diego Country Estates are home to a large recreation center at Ramona Oaks, the San Diego Country Estates International Equestrian Center and San Vicente Country Club and Golf Resort as well as smaller resorts.
 * Rancho San Vicente, an upscale community in the northwestern region of San Diego Country Estates (not part of the Estates)
 * Creekside Estates, a gated community in the southwestern region of the Estates; east of Rancho San Vicente and the San Diego Country Estates (Not part of the Estates)

Tourism
San Diego Country Estates is home to the San Vicente Country Club and Golf Course Resort. Located in the Valley of the Sun, the resort is one of the county's premier country resorts, 30 miles from the city of San Diego. The Estates is also a 15-minute ride from the Barona Casino. In the valley there lies the San Diego Country Estates International Equestrian Center, Barona Oaks Motocross Park, and numerous outdoor recreational opportunities present in Cleveland National Forest and the surrounding state parks.

Transportation
The Estates are accessible via two major North County high ways and numerous smaller roads. The two main arteries are the San Vicente Highway that begins from the terminus California State Highway 78 and the Old Julian Highway by way of California State Route 67. The Estates receive air transport via the Ramona Airport, though San Diego International Airport is the more commonly used airport. Also nearby is the North County hub McClellan-Palomar Airport.

title: San Diego Country Estates, California


text:
San Marcos, California

San Marcos (Spanish for "St. Mark") is a city in the North County region of San Diego County, California. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 94,833. It is the site of California State University San Marcos and Palomar College. The city is bordered by Escondido to the east, Encinitas to the southwest, Carlsbad to the west, and Vista to the northwest. Lake San Marcos is an enclave, or county island, within the southwestern part of the city and its sphere of influence but is an unincorporated community.

History

According to historical legends, the San Luis Rey Mission flocks were robbed by a small band of Native Americans in the late 18th century. Fleeing the Spanish troops, the Native Americans escaped to the hills. While pursuing the Native Americans in 1797 the Spaniards came upon a fertile valley, which was named Los Vallecitos de San Marcos (Little Valleys of Saint Mark) to honor the day of discovery: April 25, St. Mark’s Day. On April 22, 1840, Governor Juan B. Alvarado granted Rancho Vallecitos de San Marcos to his relative, Jose María Alvarado. Jose Alvarado was killed at the Pauma Massacre in 1846, and the land was left to his wife; she then sold the land to Lorenzo Soto. In the late 1850s, Soto sold part of his land to Cave Couts, and his family was soon raising livestock. Although Cave Couts owned the land, Major Gustavus French Merriam from Topeka, Kansas, made the first permanent settlement. Merriam homesteaded 160 acre in the north Twin Oaks Valley and began wine and honey production.

German and Dutch immigrants began moving into the area in the early 1880s. In 1883, a few miles south of the settlement, John H. Barham (for whom the present-day Barham Drive is named) founded the first town in the area, originally situated on the southeast corner of what are now Rancho Santa Fe Road and San Marcos Boulevard. By 1884, the town of Barham had a post office, blacksmith, feed store and weekly newspaper. In 1887, the San Marcos Land Company bought almost all of the San Marcos land formerly owned by the Couts family and promptly divided the land into tracts. Soon the hills began attracting home-seekers.

The original town of San Marcos was about a mile north of Barham, at the intersection of what is now Grand Avenue and Rancho Santa Fe Road. In 1887, the Santa Fe Railroad announced that it was going to lay tracks going through the valley, but to the disappointment of the citizens, the tracks were laid 1 mi from the center of the town. By 1896, San Marcos was a community with its own stores, post office, blacksmith, and railroad depot. The first school in the area, which was started in Barham in 1886, had been moved to San Marcos three years later, as Barham was fading due to its distance from the railroad. To prevent San Marcos from suffering a similar fate, in 1903 the people of the town picked up their homes and moved a couple miles east along the railroad tracks to what now are Mission Road and Pico Avenue. By 1905, the town had every convenience, including rural mail delivery and telephone service. Later that same year, the Richland School (now a wedding chapel on Woodland Parkway) was built, becoming the second school in San Marcos. The main business in San Marcos in the 19th and early 20th centuries was farming. In the mid-20th century, dairies and poultry production became a big part of the business in the town.

San Marcos experienced a period of growth from 1956 onward, when the first water from the Colorado River arrived. Several small businesses were founded and the population rapidly increased to 2,500. San Marcos became an incorporated city on January 28, 1963. In the 1970s, San Marcos was flourishing as the third fastest-growing city in the state, and had a population of 17,479 by 1980. The population continued to boom during succeeding decades, surpassing 30,000 in 1990 and nearing 100,000 by 2020.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.4 sqmi. 24.4 sqmi of it is land and 0.02 sqmi of it (0.08%) is water. Due to the moderating influence of the nearby Pacific, temperatures rarely fall below freezing in winter and above 100 degrees F. in summer. Like most of coastal San Diego County, cool overcast from the Pacific is common in May and June ("May gray", "June gloom"). July through September are usually the warmest months, although hot and dry Santa Ana winds can strike any month (most commonly August) and raise risks of severe wildfires. Most of the rain falls between November and March, averaging about 13 inches per year, with up to 20 inches falling in the San Marcos Hills.

===Neighborhoods ===

 * Buenavida
 * Coronado Hills
 * Creek District
 * Discovery Hills
 * Discovery Meadows
 * Grandon Estates
 * Lake San Marcos (unincorporated)
 * Old Creek Ranch
 * Rancho Coronado/Rancho Tesoro
 * Rancho Dorado
 * Rancho Santalina
 * Rancho Tesoro
 * Richland
 * Richmar
 * Rock Springs/Bennett District
 * Sage Canyon
 * San Elijo Hills
 * Santa Fe Hills
 * Stone Canyon
 * Twin Oaks Valley
 * Village O
 * University District/North City

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that San Marcos had a population of 83,781. The population density was 3,435.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of San Marcos was 53,235 (63.5%) White, 1,967 (2.3%) African American, 591 (0.7%) Native American, 7,518 (9.0%) Asian, 322 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 15,853 (18.9%) from other races, and 4,295 (5.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30,697 persons (36.6%).

The Census reported that 82,937 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 736 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 108 (0.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 27,202 households, out of which 11,724 (43.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 15,242 (56.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,056 (11.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,513 (5.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,372 (5.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 186 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships; 5,168 households (19.0%) were made up of individuals, and 2,370 (8.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.05. There were 19,811 families (72.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.49.

The population was spread out, with 23,287 people (27.8%) under the age of 18, 9,215 people (11.0%) aged 18 to 24, 25,237 people (30.1%) aged 25 to 44, 17,515 people (20.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,527 people (10.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

There were 28,641 housing units at an average density of 1,174.3 /mi2, of which 17,094 (62.8%) were owner-occupied, and 10,108 (37.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.7%. 50,570 people (60.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 32,367 people (38.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 54,977 people, 18,111 households, and 13,221 families residing in the city. The population density was 893.4 /km2. There were 18,862 housing units at an average density of 306.5 /km2. The racial makeup of the city was 67.39% White, 2.00% African American, 0.82% Native American, 4.67% Asian, 0.24% Pacific Islander, 20.39% from other races, and 4.48% from two or more races. 36.87% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 18,111 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. Of all households, 20.3% were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.46.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,908, and the median income for a family was $51,292. Males had a median income of $36,297 versus $27,015 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,657. 12.0% of the population and 7.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 14.5% of those under the age of 18 and 7.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Ethnic/cultural diversity
San Marcos has a diversity of races and ethnic groups common in suburban communities (not ranked, but for example): African Americans, Irish, Italian, Portuguese, German, Polish, Russian, Armenian, Iranian, Indian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Mexican, Salvadorian, Argentine, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Hawaiian, Jewish, and Samoan.

Top employers
According to the city's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top 10 employers in the city are:

Arts and culture
An illuminated cross on a hill above Lake San Marcos that is visible at night from many parts of the city has been a community landmark for decades. Other landmarks include the Williams Barn (or "Red Barn"), a community center and reception hall built in 1952 to resemble a "big red barn". It is in Walnut Grove Park in Twin Oaks, along with a collection of historic houses from around the city maintained by the San Marcos Historical Society.

Government
San Marcos uses a council-manager system of government with a separately elected mayor. The City Council consists of the mayor and four other members. The mayor is elected at-large every four years, while the other council members are elected individually to represent one of four quadrants in the city. They also serve four-year terms. Formerly, these members were elected at-large, with all candidates appearing on a single slate and the top four vote-getters being declared elected. But in 2018, the city was divided into four districts, each electing a separate council member. Their terms are staggered, so that members from districts 1 and 2 are elected one year, and those from districts 3 and 4 are voted in two years later. As of December 2022, the Mayor is Rebecca Jones, the Mayor Pro Tem is Sharon Jenkins (D3), and the other Council andmembers are Maria Nuñez (D1), Mike Sannella (D2) and Ed Musgrove (D4). As of September 2023, the city manager is Michelle Bender.

At the state level, San Marcos is in, and. The city is represented by Jim Desmond in the 5th district of the County Board of Supervisors.

Federal representation
With respect to the United States House of Representatives, San Marcos is in.

San Marcos Unified School District
The San Marcos Unified School District is one of San Diego County's largest school districts and includes 20 schools with diverse educational programs from kindergarten through adult education students. SMUSD has 11 elementary schools, 3 middle schools (San Elijo Hills, Woodland Park and San Marcos middle schools), 2 K-8 school (Double Peak, La Mirada Academy K-8), 2 comprehensive high schools (San Marcos High School and Mission Hills High School), 1 charter high school, 1 independent study high school, 1 continuation school, and 1 adult school. SMUSD serves more than 21,000 students in San Marcos, as well as sections of Vista, Escondido, Carlsbad and Encinitas, and some unincorporated areas of the county, such as Buena, Twin Oaks Valley, Deer Springs, Lake San Marcos, Harmony Grove, and Elfin Forrest. San Marcos Adult School was established in 1993 by the San Marcos Unified School District. It provides adult education services in the City of San Marcos and its surrounding communities. The adult school campus is on the grounds of Twin Oaks High School, in Twin Oaks Valley. San Marcos Adult School offers adult education courses for in high school diploma, GED, HISET, adult basic education, and English as a Second Language. It works with Palomar College and other local adult schools to connect students with post-secondary education and training. San Marcos Adult School is a member of the Education to Career Network of North San Diego County. ETCN is one of 71 Consortiums in California and is funded by the California Adult Education Program.

High Tech High, Middle and Elementary, North County
High Tech High, Middle and Elementary are all charter schools in San Marcos. High Tech High, which started with a single school in 2000, uses small-school settings, where students learn through projects, internships and interaction with professionals. It is across the street from San Marcos High School on San Marcos Boulevard.

Palomar College
The main 200 acre campus of Palomar College is in northern San Marcos. It is a public two-year community college and part of the California Community Colleges system. It enrolls about 30,000 full-time and part-time students. Palomar offers more than 250 associate degree and certificate programs. California residents are charged $46 per unit.

A giant letter P (for "Palomar") on the hillside above campus is a San Marcos landmark, visible miles away.

California State University
Cal State San Marcos is a campus in the California State University system. It was founded in 1989 and built on a 304 acre hillside in southeastern San Marcos. It enrolls about 14,000 students and offers 44 undergraduate programs, 10 graduate programs and 1 Doctorate in Education in three colleges and one nursing school.

Roads and highways
State Route 78 provides freeway access to San Marcos, with six interchanges serving the city. Several roads in San Marcos are county routes that connect the city with other nearby cities including Vista, Carlsbad and Escondido, such as Rancho Santa Fe Road (CR S10), San Marcos Boulevard and Twin Oaks Valley Road (CR S12), and Mission Road (CR S14).

Public transportation
SPRINTER light rail service, operated by North County Transit District (NCTD), is available in San Marcos, with stops at Palomar College, the San Marcos Civic Center, Cal State San Marcos, and Nordahl Road. BREEZE buses, also operated by the NCTD, serve the city using lines 304, 305, 347, 353, and 445.

Notable people

 * Terrell Burgess, professional football player, known for playing for Los Angeles Rams.
 * Greg Evans, cartoonist and creator of Luann.
 * Liliana Mumy, actress.
 * Fred Warner, professional football player.
 * Nia Jax, professional wrestler with WWE

title: San Marcos, California