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Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Hattiesburg is the 5th most populous city in the U.S. state of Mississippi, located primarily in Forrest County (where it is the county seat and most populous city) and extending west into Lamar County. The city population was 45,989 at the 2010 census, with the population now being 48,730 in 2020. Hattiesburg is the principal city of the Hattiesburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Covington, Forrest, Lamar, and Perry counties. The city is located in the Pine Belt region.

Development of the interior of Mississippi took place primarily after the American Civil War. Before that time, only properties along the major rivers were developed as plantations. Founded in 1882 by civil engineer William H. Hardy, Hattiesburg was named in honor of Hardy's wife Hattie. The town was incorporated two years later with a population of 400. Hattiesburg's population first expanded as a center of the lumber and railroad industries, from which was derived the nickname "The Hub City". It now attracts newcomers because of the diversity of its economy, strong neighborhoods, and the central location in South Mississippi.

Hattiesburg is a prominent college town, home to the University of Southern Mississippi (founded as Mississippi Normal College, for the training of teachers) and William Carey University (formerly William Carey College). South of Hattiesburg is Camp Shelby, the largest US National Guard training base east of the Mississippi River, which hosts up to 100,000 National Guardsmen and Reservists annually.

History

During European colonization, this area was first claimed by the French. Between 1763 and 1783 the area that is currently Hattiesburg fell under the jurisdiction of the colony of British West Florida. After the United States gained its independence, Great Britain ceded this and other areas to it after 1783. The United States gained a cession of lands from the Choctaw and Chickasaw under the terms of the Treaty of Mount Dexter in 1805. After the treaty was ratified, European-American settlers began to move into the area.

In the 1830s, the Choctaw and Chickasaw were relocated by United States authorities by treaties authorized by the Indian Removal Act, which sought to relocate the Five Civilized Tribes from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River. They and their slaves were moved to Indian Territory in today's Kansas and Oklahoma.

Hattiesburg developed at the confluence of the Leaf and Bouie rivers. It was founded in 1882 by Captain William H. Hardy, a civil engineer. The city of Hattiesburg was incorporated in 1884 with a population of approximately 400. Originally called Twin Forks and later Gordonville, the city received its final name of Hattiesburg from Capt. Hardy, in honor of his wife Hattie. Hattiesburg is centrally located less than 100 miles from the state capital of Jackson, as well as from the Mississippi Gulf Coast, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Mobile, Alabama.

In 1884, a railroad—known then as the New Orleans and Northeastern—was built from Meridian, Mississippi, in the center of the state, through Hattiesburg to New Orleans. The completion of the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad (G&SIRR) from Gulfport, to the capital of Jackson, Mississippi, also ran through Hattiesburg. It stimulated a lumber boom in 1897, with interior pine forests being harvested at a rapid pace. Although the railroad took 20 years to be developed, the G&SIRR more than fulfilled its promise. It gave the state access to a deep water harbor at Gulfport, more than doubled the population of towns along its route, stimulated the growth of the City of Gulfport, and made Hattiesburg a railroad center. In 1924, the G&SIRR operated as a subsidiary of the Illinois Central Railroad but lost its independent identity in 1946.

Hattiesburg gained its nickname, the Hub City, in 1912 as a result of a contest in a local newspaper. It was named because it was at the intersection of a number of important rail lines. Later U.S. Highway 49, U.S. Highway 98 and U.S. Highway 11, and later, Interstate 59 also intersected in and near Hattiesburg.

The region around Hattiesburg was involved in testing during the development of weapons in the nuclear arms race of the Cold War. In the 1960s, two nuclear devices were detonated in the salt domes near Lumberton, Mississippi, about 28 miles southwest of Hattiesburg. Extensive follow-up of the area by the EPA has not revealed levels of nuclear contamination in the area that would be harmful to humans.

Throughout the 20th century, Hattiesburg benefited from the founding of Camp Shelby (now a military mobilization center), two major hospitals, and two colleges, The University of Southern Mississippi and William Carey University. The growing metropolitan area that includes Hattiesburg, Forrest and Lamar counties, was designated a Metropolitan Statistical Area in 1994 with a combined population of more than 100,000 residents.

Although about 75 mi inland, Hattiesburg was hit very hard in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina. Around 10,000 structures in the area received major damage of some type from the heavy winds and rain, as the hurricane tracked inland. Approximately 80 percent of the city's roads were blocked by trees, and power was out in the area for up to 14 days. The storm killed 24 people in Hattiesburg and the surrounding areas. The city has struggled to cope with a large influx of temporary evacuees and new permanent residents from coastal Louisiana and Mississippi towns to the south, where damage from Katrina was catastrophic.

The City is known for its police department, as it was the first—and for almost a decade the only—Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies federally accredited law enforcement agency in the State of Mississippi. The department is served by its own training academy. It is considered one of the most difficult basic academies in the country, with a more than 50% attrition rate.

The Hattiesburg Zoo at Kamper Park is a longstanding tourist attraction in the city.

In 2011, the Hattiesburg Historic Neighborhood District was named one of the "Great Places In America," to live by the American Planning Association. Places are selected annually and represent the gold standard in terms of having a true sense of place, cultural and historical interest. The twenty-five-block neighborhood has one of the best collections of Victorian-era houses in Mississippi, with more than ninety percent of the houses substantially renovated and maintained. The Hattiesburg Historic Neighborhood District [HHND] was Hattiesburg's first recognized historic district and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is also part of an Historic Conservation District and protected by Historic Hattiesburg Design Guidelines.

In 2013, the Hattiesburg Historic Neighborhood District celebrated the 38th Annual Victorian Candlelit Christmas and Holiday Tour of Homes. During the two nights of the Victorian Candlelit Christmas, thousands of candles burn in white bags lining the sidewalks. Christmas carolers from the three churches: Sacred Heart, Court Street Methodist, and Bay Street Presbyterian, stroll house to house singing Christmas music. Horse-drawn carriages carry visitors through the neighborhood at a walking pace.

The Miss Hospitality Pageant began in 1949. Hattiesburg was chosen in 1997 to sponsor the state pageant. The purpose of the pageant is the selection and presentation of a young, knowledgeable lady to help promote the state in tourism and economic development. Contestants are judged on the following categories: panel interview, one-on-one interview competition, Mississippi speech competition, commercial/black dress competition, and evening gown competition. The 2011 winner was Ann Claire Reynolds, a junior at University of Southern Mississippi who was majoring in elementary and special education.

Hattiesburg is home to the African American Military History Museum. The building opened as a USO club in 1942 to serve African Americans serving at Camp Shelby, as local facilities were racially segregated. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This building is the only remaining USO club site in the United States. It has been adapted for use as a museum interpreting African-American military history. Exhibits show their participation in all the major wars and the founding of Hattiesburg: exhibits include the Revolutionary War, Buffalo Soldiers, World Wars I and II, Desegregation, Korean War, Vietnam, Desert Storm, Global War on Terrorism, You Can Be A Soldier, Hattiesburg's Hall of Honor, and World Map. The museum is dedicated to the many African-American soldiers who have fought for their country.

Civil rights movement
Hattiesburg and the unincorporated African-American community of Palmers Crossing played a key role in the civil rights transitions of the 1960s. In 1959, black Korean War veteran Clyde Kennard applied to attend then all-white Mississippi Southern College (today University of Southern Mississippi). He was denied admission because of his race, as state colleges were legally segregated. When he persisted, the newly formed Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission, a taxpayer-supported agency ostensibly set up to encourage tourism, conspired to have him framed for a crime. He was sentenced to seven years in Parchman Prison. For years, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People leaders Medgar Evers, Vernon Dahmer, and other Forrest County civil rights activists fought to overturn the conviction. The MSSC conducted outrageous activities against citizens of the state: MSSC agents investigated citizens while the organization created blacklists of activists and black professionals who were suspected of working for civil rights, conducted economic boycotts against black-owned businesses, and arranged for blacks to be fired from state and local jobs. They also worked to have Black activists or suspected activists evicted from rental housing. All of this was conducted in secret, until later allegations of revelations brought the state's activities into the open.

Forrest County Registrar Theron Lynd prevented blacks in the area from registering to vote, based on such devices in the state constitution as poll taxes, and literacy and comprehension tests, subjectively administered by whites. In 1960, thirty percent of the population in the county was black, but less than 1% of blacks had been able to register, regardless of their education level. Registration by whites was close to 100%. In 1961, the U.S. Justice Department filed suit against Lynd. He was the first southern registrar to be convicted under the Civil Rights Act of 1957 for systematically violating African-American voting rights.

In 1962, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) began one of its first voter-registration projects in Hattiesburg under the auspices of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO). By 1964, the Delta Ministry was active in the city. In cooperation with the NAACP and local civil rights leaders, they formed the Forrest County Voters League. In conjunction with the 1963 elections, civil rights leaders organized a statewide Freedom Ballot, a mock election that highlighted both the statewide pattern of voting rights discrimination and the strong desire of Mississippi blacks for the franchise. Despite the serious risk of both physical and economic retaliation, nearly half of Forrest County blacks participated, the highest turnout in the state.

January 22, 1964, was "Freedom Day" in Hattiesburg, a major voter registration effort supported by student demonstrators and 50 northern clergymen. For the first time since Reconstruction, an inter-racial protest successfully picketed the courthouse for voting rights without being arrested. Roughly 100 African Americans attempted to register, though only a few were allowed into the courthouse. Fewer still succeeded in gaining entry on the rolls. Each day thereafter for many months, activists resumed the courthouse protest in what became known as the "Perpetual Picket."

During Freedom Summer in 1964, the Hattiesburg/Palmers Crossing project was the headquarters for all civil rights activity in Mississippi's 5th congressional district. This was the largest and most active site in the state, with more than 90 volunteers and 3,000 local participants. Hundreds of Forrest County blacks tried to register to vote at the courthouse, but blacks once again were prevented from doing so. More than 650 children and adults attended one of the seven Freedom Schools in Hattiesburg and Palmers Crossing, three freedom libraries were set up with donated books, and a community center was established. Many whites opposed civil rights efforts by blacks, and both summer volunteers and local African Americans endured arrests, beatings, firings, and evictions.

Forrest County was also a center of activity for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). It sent a slate of delegates to the National Democratic Convention in Atlantic City that year to challenge the seating of the all-white, pro-segregation delegates elected by the regular party in primaries from which African Americans had been largely excluded due to voter registration barriers. Victoria Jackson Gray of Palmers Crossing ran on the MFDP ticket against incumbent Senator John Stennis, and John Cameron of Hattiesburg ran for Representative in the 5th District. With few blacks having successfully been able to register to vote, these candidates did not have a realistic chance of victory. Nonetheless, their campaigns helped to encourage the further enfranchisement and political agency of black citizens.

Even after passage of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, white resistance continued in Mississippi and Hattiesburg. On the night of January 10, 1966, the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan attacked the Hattiesburg home of NAACP leader Vernon Dahmer with firebombs and gunfire. Dahmer was the most prominent black leader in the county and had been the primary civil rights leader for many years. Just prior to the attack, he had announced that he would help pay a $2 poll tax for black voters too poor to do so themselves. Dahmer held off the Klan with his rifle to give his wife, their three young children, and elderly aunt time to escape their burning home, but he died of burns and smoke inhalation the next day. His murder sparked large protest marches in Hattiesburg. A number of Klansmen were arrested for the crime, and four were eventually convicted. After four previous trials had ended in deadlocks, KKK Imperial Wizard Samuel Bowers was finally convicted in August 1998 for ordering the assassination of Dahmer. He was sentenced to life in prison.

In 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against trespass convictions of civil rights protesters in Adickes v. S.H. Kress Co.. The case involved a sit-in at the lunch counter of the S. H. Kress & Co. downtown.

Vela Uniform/Project Dribble nuclear tests
Vela Uniform was an element of Project Vela, conducted jointly in the 1960s by the United States Department of Energy and the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Its purpose was to develop seismic methods for detecting underground nuclear testing. The Project Dribble program involved two underground nuclear detonations. Test SALMON occurred on October 22, 1964, with a 5.3 kiloton yield; test STERLING was detonated December 3, 1966, with a yield of 380 tons. Both detonations took place within Tatum Salt Dome, southwest of the Hattiesburg/Purvis area.

Geography
Most of Hattiesburg is in Forrest County. A smaller portion on the west side is in Lamar County, with abundant commercial land gained in a 2008 annexation. This consists of first, a narrow stretch of land lying east of I-59, and second, an irregularly shaped extension into West Hattiesburg. In the 2000 census, 42,475 of the city's 44,779 residents (94.9%) lived in Forrest County and 2,304 (5.1%) in Lamar County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 140.6 km2, of which 138.3 sqkm is land and 2.3 km2, or 1.63%, is water.

Hattiesburg is 74 mi north of Biloxi and 90 mi southeast of Jackson, the state capital.

Geology and paleontology
Hattiesburg is situated on an outcrop of the Pascagoula and Hattiesburg formation which is thought to be Miocene in age. Miocene plant and animal fossils discovered from the vicinity of Hattiesburg indicate the area was once more swamp-like and dominated by low-growing palm trees.

Climate
Hattiesburg has a humid subtropical climate, with short, mild winters and hot, humid summers. Snowfall is extremely rare, but on December 11, 2008, areas around Hattiesburg received 3 to 5 in. As is the case throughout the southern United States, severe thunderstorms can pose a threat, particularly during spring. Such storms spawn frequent lightning, heavy rain, occasional large hail, and tornadoes. An EF4 tornado struck the Hattiesburg area on February 10, 2013, between roughly 5:00 p.m. and 5:30 p.m. CST. This tornado formed in Lamar County just west of Oak Grove and quickly increased in size and intensity. Although the most severe damage occurred in the Oak Grove area, especially near Oak Grove High School, the tornado continued eastward into Hattiesburg, causing widespread EF1-EF3 damage to the southern portion of the University of Southern Mississippi campus and the areas just north of downtown. It then moved into neighboring Petal and rural Forrest County. More than 80 injured were reported but no fatalities. The prevention of deaths was attributed to the nearly 30-minute lead time of the tornado warning. The most recent tornado struck on January 21, 2017, when an EF3 hit the city early in the morning, killing four and injuring twenty. Some 10,000 people were left without power.

Demographics
In 2000, there were 44,779 people, 17,295 households, and 9,391 families residing within the city limits. By the publication of the 2020 United States census, there were 48,730 people, 17,778 households, and 9,165 families residing in the city, reflecting the continued positive increase in municipal population since the 1900 census.

Religion
In 2010 the Hattiesburg Metropolitan area has an Evangelical Protestant majority with 66,000 members. The Southern Baptist Convention had 85 congregations and 53,000 members. The United Methodist Church had 35 congregations and 9,000 members. The third largest was the Presbyterian Church in America with 5 congregations and 1,518 members.

Economy
Hattiesburg is home to several national business branches that hold thousands of jobs across the Pine Belt. It was headquarters to the now defunct International Filing Company and currently hosts branches of Kohler Engines and BAE Systems Inc., as well as Berry Plastics and the Coca-Cola Bottling Company United, Pepsi Cola Bottling Co., and Budweiser Distribution Co. Companies such as Sunbeam (shared with Mr. Coffee, and the Coleman Company) and Kimberly Clark used to manufacture in Hattiesburg.

Regions Financial Corporation operates a large operations center in the city, which employs nearly 500 people. Jones Capital recently celebrated the groundbreaking of their new $50 million corporate headquarters facility in Midtown Hattiesburg across from The University of Southern Mississippi. Jones operates globally with over 1,000 employees in total, 500 of those are employed in the State of MS. The new headquarters facility will serve as the primary office for over 300 MS-based employees.

The main shopping mall is Turtle Creek Mall.

Theaters

 * The Saenger Theatre was one of the seven built and operated by the Saenger brothers. It hosts an annual Mississippi Miss Hospitality Competition, along with other productions. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * William Carey Center and Dinner Theater
 * University of Southern Mississippi Theatre Department features original productions and broadcasts of National Theatre Live! from London, UK.

Galleries

 * A GALLERY, 134 E. Front Street
 * Hattiesburg Arts Council Gallery at the Hattiesburg Cultural Center, 723 Main Street
 * Lucile Parker Art Gallery is located in the Thomas Fine Arts Building on William Carey University's Hattiesburg campus. The collection consists of 141 artworks by Lucile Parker, and 17 by Marie Hull. From August to May, the gallery features exhibitions of local, state, and nationally known artists.
 * Sarah Gillespie Collection at William Carey University, 498 Tuscan Avenue, is an extensive collection of twentieth century Mississippi art.
 * University of Southern Mississippi Art Gallery

Museums

 * African American Military History Museum, 305 E. 6th Street
 * Mississippi Armed Forces Museum at Camp Shelby
 * Freedom Summer Trails
 * Hattiesburg Area Historical Society Museum, 723 Main Street
 * De Grummond Children's Literature Museum

Train depot
The Hattiesburg Train Depot was constructed in 1910 by the Southern Railway Company, and was the city's largest and most architecturally significant depot. The City of Hattiesburg purchased the depot and 3.2 acre of land from Norfolk Southern Railway in 2000, and began a seven-year, $10 million restoration. The completed depot now functions as an intermodal transportation center for bus, taxi and rail, as well as a space for exhibitions, meetings and special events.

Government

Hattiesburg is governed via a mayor-council system. The mayor, currently Toby Barker, is elected at large. The city council consists of five members who are each elected from one of five wards, known as single-member districts. The current city council consists of the members (Council President) Ward 1 - Jeffrey George, Ward 2 - Deborah Delgado, Ward 3 - Carter Carroll, (Council Vice President) Ward 4 - Dave Ware, and Ward 5 - Nicholas Brown.

Education
Public education in most of Hattiesburg is served by the Hattiesburg Municipal Separate School District, serving grades K–12. Portions of Hattiesburg are served by Forrest County Schools. Portions of Hattiesburg in Lamar County are zoned to Lamar County School District.

Hattiesburg High School is a part of the Hattiesburg district. North Forrest High School (grades 7–12) is a part of the Forrest school district. Oak Grove High School (grades 9–12) is under the Lamar County School District.

Forrest County Agricultural High School is an independent public high school near Hattiesburg.

Colleges
Hattiesburg is home to the main campuses of two institutions of higher learning: the public University of Southern Mississippi (USM) and the private Baptist-supported William Carey University. Both have campuses in other locations; USM has a campus in Long Beach, Mississippi, and William Carey has campuses in Gulfport, and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Forrest County Center of Pearl River Community College, a public institution, is located in Hattiesburg, with the main campus located in Poplarville, Mississippi.

Private schools

 * Sacred Heart Catholic School (grades Pre-K–12)
 * Presbyterian Christian School (grades PreK–12)
 * School of Excellence (grades K–6) (now Early Learning Center, 6 weeks to Pre-K)
 * Lamar Christian School (grades Pre-K-12)
 * Bass Christian Elementary (grades K–8)
 * Bass Memorial Academy (grades 9–12)
 * Central Baptist School (grades K–12)
 * Benedict Day School (grades K–8)
 * Innova Prep (grades K-12)
 * The Adept School

Libraries
Forrest County Public Library serves the city. The library has a location in downtown Hattiesburg as well as in neighboring Petal.

FM radio

 * WUSM-FM 88.5 (Public Radio)
 * WAII 89.3 American Family Radio (Christian Contemporary)
 * WJMG 92.1 (Urban Contemporary)
 * WGDQ 93.1 (Urban Gospel)
 * WKZW 94.3 (Hot Adult Contemporary)
 * WBBN 95.9 (Country music)
 * WBBL 96.5 (Southern Gospel)
 * WFMM 97.3 Supertalk Mississippi (Talk)
 * WMXI 98.1 (News/Talk)
 * WLAU 99.3 Supertalk Mississippi (News/Talk)
 * WNSL 100.3 (Pop music), (Top 40)
 * W266CT 101.1 (Classic Hip Hop), (Urban Oldies), (Blues) (Simulcast of WHJA AM 890)
 * WJKX 102.5 (Urban Adult Contemporary)
 * WFFX 103.7 (Active rock)
 * WXRR 104.5 (Classic rock)
 * WQID-LP 105.3 (Urban Contemporary)
 * WZLD 106.3 (Urban Contemporary)
 * WLVZ 107.1 (Contemporary Christian)

AM radio

 * WHJA 890 (Classic Hip Hop), (Urban Oldies), (Blues)
 * WHSY 950 (Classic Country)
 * WFOR 1400 (Fox Sports Radio)
 * WORV 1580 (Gospel Music)

Television

 * WDAM Channel 7 (NBC) (ABC)
 * WHLT Channel 22 (CBS)
 * WHPM-LD Channel 23 (Fox)

Newspapers

 * Hattiesburg American, Hattiesburg's thrice weekly newspaper, a Gannett paper
 * The Hattiesburg Post, a locally owned, independent weekly paper
 * The Lamar Times, a weekly community newspaper serving the residents of West Hattiesburg and Lamar County

Rail
Amtrak's Crescent train connects Hattiesburg with the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Charlotte, Atlanta, Birmingham and New Orleans. The Amtrak station is located at 308 Newman Street.

Rail freight service is offered by three Class I railroads: CN to Jackson and Mobile, Kansas City Southern to Gulfport, and Norfolk Southern to Meridian and New Orleans.

Mass transit
Hattiesburg owns and operates the city's mass transit service, HCT, Hub City Transit. HCT offers daily routes to many major thoroughfares. The Intermodal Depot downtown services Amtrak as well as the city transit services. Due to recent growth in passenger transport in the city, HCT is currently planning additional routes and services, including bus service to the suburbs of Oak Grove and Petal.

Air
Hattiesburg-Laurel Regional Airport is located in an unincorporated area in Jones County, near Moselle. It offers daily flights from Hattiesburg to Houston. The airport also has a business park located on the premises.

The city of Hattiesburg maintains the Hattiesburg Bobby L. Chain Municipal Airport (HBG) in the Hattiesburg/Forrest County Industrial Park. Located four miles south of the city center, the municipal airport provides business and general aviation services for much of South Mississippi.

Major local routes
Major east-west roads include: 4th Street, Hardy Street/ US Route 98, Oak Grove Road, Lincoln Road, Classic Drive, 7th Street, and Old MS Highway 42.

Major north-south roads include: Interstate 59, US Route 11/Broadway Drive/Veterans Memorial, West Pine Street, Main Street, US Highway 98, 28th Avenue, Golden Eagle Avenue, 38th Avenue, 40th Avenue, Westover, Weathersby Road, and King Road/Old Highway 11.

Notable people

 * Victoria Jackson Gray Adams, educator and civil rights leader
 * Fred Armisen, actor, comedian and musician, star of Portlandia
 * Cora Webb Bass, educator and officer in Women's Army Corps
 * Steven Barthelme, writer and critic
 * Wally Berg, first American mountaineer to summit Lhotse, in 1990
 * Raylawni Branch, civil rights activist and nurse educator
 * Roger Brent, biologist
 * Jesse L. Brown, first African-American naval aviator in United States Navy
 * Shelby Cannon, tennis player
 * Paul Ott Carruth, NFL player
 * Robert Carson, pitcher for New York Mets
 * John Prentiss Carter, lieutenant governor of Mississippi (1904–1908)
 * Lewis Elliott Chaze, journalist and author of 10 novels
 * Shea Curry, actress
 * Vernon Dahmer, civil rights leader killed in Hattiesburg by Klansmen in 1966
 * Tyler Dickerson, singer
 * Adam Doleac, singer
 * Miles Doleac, American actor, director, writer and producer
 * Brian Dozier, MLB infielder, 2019 World Series champion
 * Bob Dudley, BP executive in charge of Deepwater Horizon oil spill
 * Ernest Duff (1931–2016), businessman, lawyer and Mormon bishop
 * Wesley Eure, actor in Days of Our Lives and Land of the Lost
 * Woody Evans, writer and librarian
 * Barbara Ferrell, Olympic gold and silver medalist in National Track and Field Hall of Fame
 * Tim Floyd, basketball coach, University of Texas at El Paso, Iowa State, USC, Chicago Bulls
 * Joseph Edgar Foreman, (better known by his stage name Afroman), an American rapper, singer, songwriter, comedian and musician
 * Joey Gathright, MLB outfielder 2004–2011
 * Naomi Gray, first female Vice President of Planned Parenthood
 * Todd Grisham, ESPN anchor, former WWE announcer
 * Gary Grubbs, actor
 * Ray Guy, Oakland Raiders punter in College and Pro Football Hall of Fame
 * Charlie Hayes, MLB infielder, 1996 World Series champion
 * Melinda Haynes, novelist
 * Eddie Hodges, actor and singer
 * Clifton Hyde, musician and member of Blue Man Group
 * Harold Jackson, NFL wide receiver, 5-time Pro Bowl selection
 * Fred Lewis, outfielder for Hiroshima Toyo Carp
 * Louis Lipps, NFL Pro Bowl wide receiver, 1984 AFC Rookie of the Year, Pittsburgh Steelers
 * Hank Lott, Republican state representative; born in Hattiesburg in 1974
 * Jack Lucas, youngest Marine to receive Medal of Honor
 * Danny Manning, basketball player, NCAA champion for Kansas, 1st selection of 1988 NBA draft, Olympic medalist, 2-time NBA All-Star
 * Walter E. Massey, president of Morehouse College, director of National Science Foundation under George Bush, president of Art Institute of Chicago
 * Oseola McCarty, benefactor and winner of Presidential Citizens Medal
 * Matt Miller, professional baseball player
 * Mississippi Matilda, Delta blues singer and songwriter who, in 1936, recorded four songs for Bluebird Records
 * Picasso Nelson, football player
 * Jonathan Papelbon, Major League Baseball pitcher, 6-time All-Star
 * Van Dyke Parks, musician, songwriter, record producer, actor
 * Jamal Peters, professional Canadian football defensive back for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
 * Patrik-Ian Polk, film director, writer, and producer
 * Todd Pinkston, NFL player for Philadelphia Eagles
 * Johnny Rawls, soul blues singer and guitarist
 * Purvis Short, NBA player
 * Taylor Spreitler, actress
 * Robert L. Stewart, NASA astronaut
 * Walter Suggs, professional football player, Houston Oilers
 * James Wheaton, actor, director, educator (resident infancy to age 12)
 * Webb Wilder, musician and actor
 * Iola Williams, politician and activist, first African-American member of the San Jose City Council, founder and former executive director the African American Military History Museum
 * Amos Wilson, author and activist
 * Henry Winston, Chairman of the American Communist Party (1966-1986) and Marxist civil rights activist
 * Craig Wiseman, songwriter
 * Brianna Wu, video game developer and computer programmer
 * Walter H. Yates, Jr., major general, U.S. Army
 * Walter Young, professional baseball player

title: Hattiesburg, Mississippi


text:
Fatal Attraction

Fatal Attraction is a 1987 American psychological thriller film directed by Adrian Lyne from a screenplay by James Dearden, based on his 1980 short film Diversion. It stars Michael Douglas, Glenn Close, and Anne Archer. It follows a married man's one-night stand coming back to haunt him when the scorned mistress begins to stalk him and his family.

Fatal Attraction was theatrically released in the United States on September 18, 1987, by Paramount Pictures. The film emerged as a major commercial success at the box-office, grossing over $320 million worldwide and becoming the second highest-grossing film of the year in the United States. It received widespread critical acclaim, with high praise for Lyne's direction, Dearden's screenplay, the editing, and the performances of Close, Archer, and Douglas. Fatal Attraction received six nominations at the 60th Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Considered a pop culture phenomenon since its release, the film is also noted for its influence in setting off the erotic thriller boom of the late 1980s to the mid 1990s.

Plot
Daniel "Dan" Gallagher is an attorney from Manhattan. While his wife, Beth, and daughter, Ellen, are out of town visiting Beth's family, he has an affair with Alexandra "Alex" Forrest, an editor for a publishing company whom he had recently met at a work function. Initially, it seems that both Dan and Alex understand their affair to be just a fling, but Alex begins to cling to him.

Dan reluctantly spends the following day with Alex at her request. When he tries to leave, she cuts her wrists in a manipulative ploy to have him stay and save her. Dan helps her, stays overnight to ensure that she is all right and then leaves in the morning.

Alex shows up at his office to apologize for her behavior and invites him to a performance of Madame Butterfly, but he declines. She continues to call him at his office until he informs his secretary that he will no longer take her calls.

Alex insists that Dan meet with her and informs him that she is pregnant, arguing that he must take responsibility. After Dan changes their phone number, Alex meets Beth, who has advertised selling their apartment, pretending to be interested in buying it. That night, Dan goes to Alex's apartment to confront her, and they get into a scuffle. In one of the movie's most famous lines, she declares, "I'm not going to be ignored, Dan."

Dan, Beth and Ellen move to Bedford, but this does not dissuade Alex. She has a tape recording of herself delivered to him, which is full of verbal abuse. She stalks him, pours acid onto his car and follows him home later that evening. The sight of his happy family through their window makes her vomit.

Alex's obsession escalates when Dan approaches the police to file a restraining order, claiming it is "for a client." The lieutenant informs him that he cannot violate Alex's rights without probable cause, and that the "client" must own up to his adultery.

When Dan, Beth and Ellen return home one day after being out, Beth finds Ellen's pet rabbit dead, having been left boiling in a pot on their stove. Dan knows that Alex was behind it and, following this, confesses the affair and Alex's pregnancy to Beth. Enraged, Beth orders him to leave. Prior to departing, Dan calls Alex to say that his wife knows about the affair. Beth takes the phone and tells Alex that she will kill her if Alex comes near their family again.

Soon thereafter, Alex picks Ellen up from her school and kidnaps her, taking her to an amusement park. Beth drives around frantically looking for her and gets into an accident, requiring hospitalization. Alex returns Ellen home unharmed later that day.

After visiting Beth in the hospital, Dan forcibly enters Alex's apartment and attempts to strangle her, but stops short of killing her. She grabs a kitchen knife and lunges at him, but he manages to disarm her and then leaves. The police begin to search for Alex after Dan reports the kidnapping. Beth forgives Dan, and they return home after Beth is discharged from the hospital.

That evening, Dan is downstairs in the kitchen making tea for Beth while Beth is upstairs in the bathroom getting ready to take a bath. Before she disrobes and gets in, Alex suddenly appears with a knife. She accuses Beth of obstructing her from having Dan and attacks her. Dan rushes upstairs after hearing the attack. Initially, Dan is able to subdue Alex and appears to drown her in the bathtub. Moments later, she suddenly emerges from the water, swinging the knife. Beth quickly returns with a gun and shoots Alex, killing her. Dan completes his statement to the police and joins Beth in the living room, with a picture of their family in the foreground.

Cast

 * Michael Douglas as Dan Gallagher
 * Glenn Close as Alex Forrest
 * Anne Archer as Beth Rogerson Gallagher
 * Ellen Hamilton Latzen as Ellen Gallagher
 * Stuart Pankin as Jimmy
 * Ellen Foley as Hildy
 * Fred Gwynne as Arthur, Dan's boss
 * Meg Mundy as Joan Rogerson
 * Tom Brennan as Howard Rogerson
 * Lois Smith as Martha, Dan's secretary
 * Mike Nussbaum as Bob Drimmer
 * J. J. Johnston as O'Rourke
 * Michael Arkin as Lieutenant
 * Jane Krakowski as Christine

Writing
The film was adapted by James Dearden (with assistance from Nicholas Meyer) from Diversion, a 1980 short film by Dearden for British television. In Meyer's book The View from the Bridge: Memories of Star Trek and a Life in Hollywood, he explains that in late 1986 producer Stanley R. Jaffe asked him to look at the script developed by Dearden, and he wrote a four-page memo making suggestions, including a new ending. John Carpenter was approached to direct the film, but turned it down as he felt it was too similar to Play Misty for Me (1971). A few weeks later Meyer met with director Adrian Lyne and gave him some additional suggestions. Ultimately Meyer was asked to redraft the script on the basis of his suggestions, which ended up being the shooting script.

Casting
Producers Sherry Lansing and Stanley R. Jaffe both had serious doubts about casting Glenn Close because they did not think she could be sexual enough for the role of Alex. Instead, they had many other actresses in mind for the role. Barbara Hershey was originally considered; she wanted the role but she was unavailable. Several actresses auditioned for the part, but they were almost all turned down. Lyne had French actress Isabelle Adjani in mind for the role. Tracey Ullman was approached for the role, but she declined due to a scene in the script where the character boils a bunny. Miranda Richardson also turned it down as she found it "hideous." Ellen Barkin, Debra Winger, Susan Sarandon, Jessica Lange, Judy Davis, Melanie Griffith and Michelle Pfeiffer were also considered for the role. Kirstie Alley auditioned for the role. Close was persistent, and after meeting with Jaffe several times in New York, she was asked to fly out to Los Angeles to read with Michael Douglas in front of Adrian Lyne and Lansing. Before the audition, she let her naturally frizzy hair "go wild" because she was impatient at putting it up, and she wore a slimming black dress she thought made her look "fabulous" to the audition. This impressed Lansing, because Close "came in looking completely different... right away she was into the part." Close and Douglas performed a scene from early in the script, where Alex flirts with Dan in a café, and Close came away "convinced my career was over, that I was finished, I had completely blown my chances". Lansing and Lyne were both convinced she was right for the role; Lyne stated that "an extraordinary erotic transformation took place. She was this tragic, bewildering mix of sexuality and rage—I watched Alex come to life."

To prepare for her role, Close consulted several psychologists, hoping to understand Alex's psyche and motivations. She was uncomfortable with the bunny boiling scene, which she thought was too extreme, but she was assured on consulting the psychologists that such an action was entirely possible and that Alex's behavior corresponded to someone who had experienced incestual sexual abuse as a child.

Filming
While filming her death scene, Close suffered a concussion and she wound up in the hospital; she later found out that she was pregnant during filming.

Alternate ending
Alex Forrest was originally scripted slashing her throat at the film's end with the knife Dan had left on the counter, so as to make it appear that Dan had murdered her. After seeing her husband being taken away by police, Beth finds a revealing cassette tape that Alex sent Dan in which she threatens to kill herself. Upon realizing Alex's intentions, Beth takes the tape to the police, who clear Dan of the murder. The last scene shows, in flashback, Alex taking her own life by slashing her throat while listening to Madame Butterfly.

When the film was test-screened for audiences, the ending was poorly received as audiences disliked the idea of Alex triumphing in the end. After doing test screenings, Joseph Farrell (who handled the test screenings) suggested that Paramount shoot a new ending. While Douglas approved of changing the ending as he believed it was "best for the film", most of the cast and crew disliked the idea, mainly Anne Archer and Glenn Close with the former being "appalled" the change and bursting into tears when hearing the news and the latter have doubts about re-shooting the film's ending because she believed the character would "self-destruct and commit suicide." Lyne initially refused to change the ending until Lansing offered him an additional $1.5 million salary to shoot it while Dearden reluctantly accepted writing the new ending believing the film would be a bigger hit if changed.

Close initially refused to do the reshoots and fought against the change for two weeks before eventually giving in on her concerns and filming the new sequence after William Hurt convinced her to do it. Though the ending was not the one she preferred, she acknowledged that the film would not have experienced the enormous success it did without the new ending, because it gave the audience "a sense of catharsis, a hope, that somehow the family unit would survive the nightmare."

While Lyne has stood by the theatrical ending believing it was a "good idea", both Dearden and Close have continued to express their dismay over it believing the film should've stuck with its original ending. In 2010, during a cast reunion interview, Close shared that she "never thought of [her character] as a villain," stating that: "I wasn't playing a generality. I wasn't playing a cliché. I was playing a very specific, deeply disturbed, fragile human being, whom I had grown to love." In 2014, Dearden penned a piece for The Guardian stating that while he does not regret writing the story, he does express his regret for the theatrical ending believing it to be sexist and the way Alex was portrayed in it stating that he didn't want to make her a monster but rather "a sad, tragic, lonely woman, holding down a tough job in an unforgiving city." When adapting his script to the stage, he opted to lean away from making her a villain and more a tragic figure.

The film's first Japanese release used the original ending. The original ending also appeared on a special edition VHS and LaserDisc release by Paramount in 1992, and was included on the film's DVD release a decade later.

Home media
A Special Collector's Edition of the film was released on DVD in 2002. Paramount released Fatal Attraction on Blu-ray Disc on June 9, 2009. The Blu-ray contained several bonus features from the 2002 DVD, including commentary by director Adrian Lyne, cast and crew interviews, a look at the film's cultural phenomenon, a behind-the-scenes look, rehearsal footage, the alternative ending, and the original theatrical trailer. In April 2020 a remastered Blu-ray Disc was released by Paramount Home Entertainment under their Paramount Presents series. Included was a new interview with the director titled Filmmaker Focus, previous rehearsal footage but excluding some of the extra features from previous releases. Paramount released the film on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray in the U.S. on September 13, 2022.

Box office
Fatal Attraction grossed $156.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $163.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $320.1 million.

The film spent eight weeks at number one in the United States, where it was the second-highest-grossing film of 1987, behind Three Men and a Baby. In the United Kingdom, it grossed a record £2,048,421 in its opening week and spent ten weeks at number one. In Australia, it was the first non-Australian film to gross A$2 million in its opening week, second to Crocodile Dundee. Fatal Attraction eventually became the highest-grossing film worldwide in 1987.

Nominations
Fatal Attraction received 6 nominations at the 60th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (for Lyne), Best Actress (Close) and Best Supporting Actress (Archer), but failed to win any. At the 42nd British Academy Film Awards, the film won Best Editing, while earning nominations for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Douglas) and Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Archer). It also received four nominations at the 45th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director (Lyne), Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama (Close) and Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture (Archer).

Critical response
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an F to A+ scale.

Janet Maslin of The New York Times lauded Lyne's direction, writing that he "takes a brilliantly manipulative approach to what might have been a humdrum subject and shapes a soap opera of exceptional power. Most of that power comes directly from visual imagery, for Mr. Lyne is well versed in making anything - a person, a room, a pile of dishes in a kitchen sink - seem tactile, rich and sexy." Richard Schickel of Time stated that Close and Douglas "gives the film some of its fatal attractiveness. So do James Dearden's plausible, nicely observant script, Adrian Lyne's elegantly unforced direction, and Close's beautifully calibrated descent into lunacy. Together they bring horror home to a place where the grownup moviegoer actually lives."

Author Susan Faludi discussed the film in Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women, arguing that major changes had been made to the original plot in order to make Alex wholly negative, while Dan's carelessness and the lack of compassion and responsibility raised no discussion, except for a small number of men's groups who said that Dan was eventually forced to own up to his irresponsibility in that "everyone pays the piper". Close was quoted in 2008 as saying, "Men still come up to me and say, 'You scared the shit out of me.' Sometimes they say, 'You saved my marriage.'" Critic Barry Norman expressed sympathy for feminists who were frustrated by the film, criticized its "over-the-top" ending and called it inferior to Clint Eastwood's Play Misty for Me, which has a similar plot. Nonetheless, he declared it "strong and very well made, excellently played by the three main characters and neatly written." Fatal Attraction has been described as a neo-noir film by some authors.

Fatal Attraction was the first American film to be distributed by United International Pictures in South Korea. In September 1988, Korean film distributors protested this release by "releasing snakes, setting fire in the theatres, and tearing off the screens."

Psychiatrists and film experts have analyzed the character of Alex Forrest and used her as an illustration of borderline personality disorder. She exhibits impulsive behavior, emotional instability, a fear of abandonment, frequent episodes of intense anger, self-harming, and shifting between idealization and devaluation of others, all of which are characteristic of the disorder. The degree to which she displays these traits is not necessarily typical, and aggression in people with borderline personality disorder is often directed toward themselves rather than others.

As referenced in Orit Kamir's Every Breath You Take: Stalking Narratives and the Law, "Glenn Close's character Alex is quite deliberately made to be an erotomaniac. Gelder reports that Close "consulted three separate shrinks for an inner profile of her character, who is meant to be suffering from a form of an obsessive condition known as de Clérambault's syndrome" (Gelder 1990, 93–94). The term "bunny boiler" is used to describe an obsessive, spurned woman, deriving from the scene where it is discovered that Alex has boiled the family's pet rabbit.

Accolades and honors
American Film Institute recognition
 * AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills—#28
 * AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains: Alex Forrest—Villain—#7

Play
A play based on the film opened in London's West End at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in March 2014. It was adapted by the film's original screenwriter James Dearden.

TV series
On July 2, 2015, Fox announced that a TV series based on the film was being developed by Mad Men writers Maria and Andre Jacquemetton. On January 13, 2017, it was announced that the project was canceled.

On February 24, 2021, it was announced that Paramount+ planned to reboot the film as a series for their platform. It would be written by Alexandra Cunningham and Kevin J. Hynes and produced by Cunningham, Hynes, Justin Falvey and Darryl Frank of Amblin Entertainment, Stanley Jaffe, and Sherry Lansing. On November 11, Lizzy Caplan was announced to play Alex Forrest in the new series and Joshua Jackson joined in January 2022 as Dan Gallagher.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fatal Attraction


text:
Talk:Capacitor

Permittivity symbol is confusing
The symbol used for the permitivity in equations in the text seems to be different than the symbol used in the larger equations. Maybe it's just italicized but it looks like a different symbol. I changed the symbols in the "parallel plate model" section to be consistent, but I did not continue to the rest of the article as I am not familiar with the topics.

Hydraulic analogy issue
"This is just as when water flow moves the rubber membrane, it increases the amount of water on one side of the membrane, and decreases the amount of water on the other side."

I believe this is inaccurate. Water is basically incompressible, so there isn't an accumulation of the amount of water. I think the analogous mechanic is probably the deformation of the membrane. The curvature increases positively on one side and negatively on the other. BennyWahWah (talk) 15:40, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Well, no analogy is going to be completely accurate. It's just a way to help visualize it. Some people hate hydraulic analogies because of this, but personally I find them very helpful, because the way my mind works I have to be able to understand it from a mechanical standpoint. A pneumatic analogy would also work just as well.

 * In learning about capacitors, the analogy of a hydraulic accumulator was very helpful to me in helping to explain the mysterious capacitor, at least as they are used in DC circuits. In AC circuits, the membrane described would be analogous to the dielectric in the capacitor, yet the dielectric doesn't actually move like a membrane would. Still, it helps explain how the dielectric can separate two sides of a circuit and still have them behave as if they are linked. In this analogy, the fluid doesn't have to be compressible. You add more fluid into the pipe on one side and it pushes fluid out of the pipe on the other side. The energy does not come from the membrane (elasicity). It's simply a matter of creating a pressure (voltage) differential. Zaereth (talk) 19:47, 15 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'm convinced. Not an issue, thanks! BennyWahWah (talk) 13:20, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Well, don't get me wrong. You may just have a point, in that there may be a better way to rephrase it to make the analogy clearer. I'm not sure what that would be yet, but that's why these discussions are helpful. They're especially helpful to me, because it's a way to help work through the thought process. I'll let it stew in my subconscious for a while, but any input you want to give is always welcome.

 * For example, the more I think about it, if anything electricity is analogous to an incompressible fluid than a compressible one. You can imagine a pump (generator) on one side of the pipe and a hydraulic cylinder (solenoid) on the other. We can make this analogy because many of the variables involved are also analogous. We have flow (amps), pressure (volts), volume (coulombs), etc... There is a huge difference, though, in that electricity flows backwards, against the direction of pressure rather than with it, so there is a limit to how far you can take the hydraulic analogy before it breaks down. I'll give it some more thought. Zaereth (talk) 19:21, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

Non-ideal Behavior
The non-ideal behavior section is over simplified to the point of being misleading, especially since it neglects parasitic inductance (ESL). The diagram on the Capacitor types page is much better: Mentioning ESL is critical for understanding capacitor self-resonance. Neglecting self-resonance is a major conceptual omission that is common in discussions of capacitors, yet it dominates the high frequency behavior of capacitors and often dominates how they are used in filters. Speaking of which, capacitor self resonance is not mentioned on this page! It is discussed on the Capacitor types page, along with a much more complete discussion of non-ideal electrical behavior of capacitors. The detailed discussion of the electrical characteristics of capacitors doesn't belong on the Capacitor types page and should be merged into the main Capacitor page. Pulu (talk) 09:24, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

 * ESL is mentioned. Constant314 (talk) 11:43, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

 * However, editor Pulu correctly observed that article Capacitor types contains material too detailed and/or theoretical for its purpose. OTH, this article's section of capacitor types is way too long in relation to the article overall. It should be cut at least to a quarter of its size and defer to the article proper, instead. Both articles really need a lot of work and stream-lining. kbrose (talk) 16:19, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

Misleading sentence
From second paragraph:

"The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance."

Capacitance is a property of a capacitor (and other non-capacitor objects with an electric field), not its effect. This sentence gives the misleading impression that a capacitor is the cause for capacitance. Perhaps this sentence can be dropped? Or adapted to better fit with the rest of the paragraph? I could not generate a plausible alternative, hence this query. Sdc870 (talk) 10:23, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

 * You are correct. Capacitance is the name of the property that a capacitor has that allows it to have an effect. Constant314 (talk) 12:04, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Capacitor


text:
Chardon, Ohio

Chardon is a city in and the county seat of Geauga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 5,242 at the 2020 census. It is the only incorporated city in Geauga County, and includes land that was once part of Chardon, Hambden and Munson townships. It is located about 10 miles south of Lake Erie and within the "snow belt" of the Great Lakes and is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area.

History
Chardon is named after Peter Chardon Brooks, who donated land to build Chardon Square. Chardon Township celebrates its incorporation in 1812, and thus the City of Chardon does the same.

On July 24–25, 1868, a large fire destroyed the center of uptown, the area now known as Chardon Square. The fire originated in the Parlin Parkin's grocery store, and spread rapidly. By the time the fire was contained, the courthouse, post office, and many stores on the square were destroyed. Damage was estimated at around $120,000. Chardon Square was quickly rebuilt following the fire. A new county courthouse, which still stands today, was completed in 1869. Many other buildings that were constructed after the fire also survive and are used today.

School shooting
On February 27, 2012, a student from Lake Academy in Willoughby, Ohio opened fire at the Chardon High School cafeteria, killing three and injuring two students. Daniel Parmertor, 16 years old, was killed at the time of the shooting. Two other victims, Demetrius Hewlin and Russell King, Jr., were pronounced dead on February 28. The shooter was taken into custody by police and was charged with three counts of aggravated murder. He was sentenced to three consecutive life terms in prison without parole.

Geography
Chardon is located on U.S. Route 6 about 15 mi east of Cleveland. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.62 sqmi, of which 4.58 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi or about 25 acres is water.

Climate
With an average annual snowfall of 107 in, Chardon is notable for being the snowiest city in Ohio. This is mainly due to its location on a 730 ft ridge approximately 10 mi inland from Lake Erie, creating the perfect conditions for orographic lift and its associated heavy snowfall when winter winds blow across the lake.

In 1996, from November 9 through November 13, a storm dropped over 70 in of lake-effect snow in the city over a period of six days. Governor George Voinovich declared a state of emergency as a result, and the Ohio National Guard was brought in to assist with the cleanup.

Chardon has a humid continental climate (Dfb). Summer days are warm to hot while nights remain cool. Summer is also the rainiest time of the year. Winters are moderately long, cold, and very snowy. Precipitation peaks during the month of August.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,156 people, 2,147 households, and 1,344 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,120.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,271 housing units at an average density of 493.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.77% White, 0.43% African American, 0.02% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.

There were 2,147 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $54,063, and the median income for a family was $57,845. Males had a median income of $44,071 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,845. About 1.3% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.6% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,148 people, 2,285 households, and 1,331 families residing in the city. The population density was 1124.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,457 housing units at an average density of 536.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.9% White, 0.8% Black, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

There were 2,285 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.1% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.8% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 41.1 years. 23.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.1% male and 54.9% female.

Culture
Chardon is known for its maple syrup industry. Celebration of the syrup season begins at Tapping Sunday in March, when the sap is at prime thawing temperature. The annual Geauga County Maple Festival is a four-day celebration that takes place on the Chardon Square the last weekend in April. The festival has been rescheduled numerous times because of snowstorms in April due to Chardon's location in the “snow belt” of the Great Lakes; it receives a large amount of snowfall every year.

Chardon has an active performance art community. The Geauga Lyric Theater Guild is housed in the renovated Geauga Theater building, which was constructed in 1939 as an Art Deco movie house. The theater is also being used again to show first-run movies.

Greater Chardon features numerous parks and golf courses. Chardon Lakes Golf Course is located in the heart of Chardon, two minutes from the square. Sand Ridge Golf Club in nearby Munson Township is also an excellent course. Chardon has an abundance of park space. Due to the area's varying weather conditions, sports activities are available for every season.

Education
Chardon and the area surrounding the city are served by the Chardon Local School District. The district contains Chardon High School, as well as one middle school, and two elementary schools: Park and Munson. Hambden and Maple were no longer elementary schools starting in the 2018–2019 school year. Hambden and Munson elementary are not within the city limits. As of the 2011–2012 school year, the district had received an "Excellent" rating from the State of Ohio Board of Education for eleven consecutive years.

Chardon has a public library, a branch of the Geauga County Public Library.

Notable people

 * Andrew Brown, professional baseball pitcher
 * Hector (Chef Boyardee) Boioardi, is buried in All Souls Cemetery in Chardon
 * Mel Harder, professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians
 * Matt Hutter, NASCAR driver
 * Leroy Kemp, three-time World Champion in freestyle wrestling, three-time NCAA Champion at the University of Wisconsin
 * Tom Kipp, international professional motorcycle racing champion.
 * Charles C. Paine, politician
 * Halbert Eleazer Paine, Union general and U.S. Representative from Wisconsin
 * Seth Ledyard Phelps, naval officer, politician and diplomat
 * Christopher Robichaud, philosopher, Harvard University professor
 * Nick Schuyler, author (Not Without Hope)
 * JoAnn M. Tenorio, entomologist in Hawaii

Musical artists & groups

 * Midnight Syndicate, Gothic Symphonic duo
 * John Popper, frontman for rock band Blues Traveler
 * The Chardon Polka Band, Cleveland-Style polka band

title: Chardon, Ohio


text:
Chesterland, Ohio

Chesterland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Geauga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 7,074.

History
A post office called "Chester Cross Roads" was established in 1826, and the name was changed to "Chesterland" in 1898. Chesterland derives its name from Chester, Massachusetts.

Geography
Chesterland is in northwestern Geauga County slightly to the southeast of the center of Chester Township.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.4 km2, of which 0.04 km2, or 0.32%, is water.

The town center of Chesterland is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 322 and State Route 306. US-322 leads east 24 mi to Orwell and west 19 mi to downtown Cleveland, while SR 306 leads north 8 mi to the center of Kirtland and south 9 mi to Bainbridge. The commercial district of Chesterland spans out from this intersection in all directions.

Chesterland is part of the Chagrin Valley area, which is defined by the cities and villages along the Chagrin River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, the population was 2,521, including 990 households, and 685 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 573.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,052 housing units at an average density of 239.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.6% White, 0.9% African American, 0.4% Asian, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 685 households with children, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $55,781, and the median income for a family was $62,917. Males had a median income of $46,490 versus $33,079 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,168. About 3.2% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Chesterland lies entirely in the West Geauga school district, and shares this district with neighboring Russell Township. There are two elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school, West Geauga High School. A third elementary school, Chester Elementary, served the community for many years but closed in the 1980s.

Chesterland has a public library, a branch of the Geauga County Public Library.

Notable person

 * Rick Manning, Major League Baseball player and broadcaster

title: Chesterland, Ohio


text:
Middlefield, Ohio

Middlefield is a village in Geauga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,748 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area. Middlefield is known for being the center of the world's fourth largest Amish settlement, and its significant manufacturing base, which includes Gold Key Processing, Inc., Duncan Toys and KraftMaid. Because of its central location, home of the areas' public schools and prominent business and retail presence, Middlefield village is considered the hub community for Huntsburg, Parkman, and Middlefield Townships.

History
Once named "Batavia," the village received its current name because it was the midway point between Painesville and Warren. Middlefield was established in 1799 by James Thompson and his father, Isaac Thompson, and incorporated in 1901.

Joseph Johnson settled north of Middlefield on what is now known as Johnson Corners in 1800. In 1818, James Thompson built a hotel. This hotel, later named The Century Inn, is currently the home of the Middlefield Historical Association. The Historical Association operates a small railroad museum in the summers, The Depot, focused on the 1873 narrow gauge railway between Painesville and Warren.

Middlefield's first manufacturing company was the Johnson Pail Company, founded in 1895.

The Middlefield Library, a branch of the Geauga County Public Library, was opened in 1942.

In 1965, the Ukrainian Scouting Organization, Plast, established its midwestern campground known as "Pysanyj Kamin" occupying over 150 acres at the easternmost end of Shedd Rd in Middlefield Township. Three-week summer camps draw hundreds of Ukrainian American campers from Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., in addition to other North American cities and sometimes Ukraine. Middlefield realizes more than 80% of its income tax from industrial and commercial business, making this Geauga county's industrial capital.

In 2005, Wal-Mart opened a Supercenter in the village. In order to cater to the local Amish population, the Supercenter has an expanded parking lot that includes 37 hitching posts for Amish buggies, and the store is stocked with blocks of ice and fabrics for clothes to be made at home.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.04 sqmi, of which 3.02 sqmi is land and 0.02 sqmi is water.

Demographics
Middlefield is the center of the world's fourth largest Amish settlement, but very few actually live within the Village limits.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,690 people, 1,186 households, and 678 families residing in the village. The population density was 892.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,290 housing units at an average density of 427.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.9% White, 0.8% African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 1,186 households, of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.8% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the village was 43.8 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 45.3% male and 54.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,233 people, 955 households, and 576 families residing in the village. The population density was 743.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,015 housing units at an average density of 337.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.90% White, 0.85% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 955 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $38,581, and the median income for a family was $47,500. Males had a median income of $35,898 versus $26,302 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,400. About 6.5% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Franklin L. Gilson, Wisconsin politician and judge
 * Luther F. Gilson, Wisconsin politician and businessman
 * Matthew Justice, professional wrestler
 * David A. Lucht, fire safety advocate in government, academia, and the nonprofit sector
 * Adele E. Thompson, writer
 * Wardlow, professional wrestler

title: Middlefield, Ohio


text:
South Russell, Ohio

South Russell is a village in Geauga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,972 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area.

History
South Russell was incorporated in 1923, the last village in Geauga County to have done so.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.83 sqmi, of which 3.75 sqmi is land and 0.08 sqmi is water.

Demographics
98.07% of the population speaks English as their primary language, and 1.93% speak French.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,819 people, 1,373 households, and 1,121 families living in the village. The population density was 1016.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,436 housing units at an average density of 382.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.5% White, 0.4% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 1,373 households, of which 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.5% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 18.4% were non-families. 16.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.13.

The median age in the village was 44.9 years. 29.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.4% were from 25 to 44; 35.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,022 people, 1,364 households, and 1,159 families living in the village. The population density was 1,043.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,401 housing units at an average density of 363.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.43% White, 0.35% African American, 0.80% Asian, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population.

There were 1,364 households, out of which 47.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 77.6% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.0% were non-families. 13.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 32.8% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 28.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $94,714, and the median income for a family was $103,174. Males had a median income of $84,783 versus $38,854 for females. The per capita income for the village was $41,091. None of the families and 0.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

Education
South Russell is served by the Chagrin Falls Exempted Village School District.

title: South Russell, Ohio


text:
Beavercreek, Ohio

Beavercreek is a city in Greene County, Ohio, United States. The population was 46,549 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in the county and the second-largest suburb of Dayton.

The Beavercreek area was settled in the early 1800s. A part of Beavercreek Township was incorporated and became the City of Beavercreek in February 1980. Many Beavercreek residents work at nearby Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. In 2007, Beavercreek ranked 84th in Money's Top 100 places to live.

Geography
Beavercreek is approximately five miles east of downtown Dayton.

According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 26.44 sqmi, of which 26.40 sqmi (or 99.85%) is land and 0.04 sqmi (or 0.15%) is water.

Beavercreek includes the former unincorporated communities of Alpha, Knollwood, most of New Germany, and Zimmerman.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 45,193 people, 18,195 households, and 12,542 families residing in the city. The population density was 1711.9 PD/sqmi. There were 19,449 housing units at an average density of 736.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 88.5% White, 2.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.9% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 18,195 households, of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.1% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age in the city was 40.4 years. 22.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 29.6% were from 45 to 64; and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.9% male and 50.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 37,984 people, 14,071 households, and 11,087 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,439.2 PD/sqmi. There were 14,769 housing units at an average density of 559.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.45% White, 1.42% African American, 0.17% Native American, 3.50% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.14% of the population.

There were 14,071 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $68,801, and the median income for a family was $75,965. Males had a median income of $55,270 versus $33,572 for females. The per capita income for the city was $48,298. About 1.5% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Beavercreek is governed by six City Council members, elected at large with rotating terms every four years and a directly elected Mayor. The council member receiving the most votes in the most recent election will serve as vice mayor. Council members are elected in odd number years for terms beginning in even numbered years. Beginning in November 2019, the office of mayor was directly elected. Bob Stone became the first directly elected Mayor for the City of Beavercreek. The mayor's duties primarily entails responsibility for presiding at City Council meetings, representing the city at local events, and other ceremonial duties. City Council members and the mayor are limited to two consecutive four year terms serving any combination of City Council member and or Mayor. A City Council member in the middle of their second term (6 years) if elected as mayor, can serve the full four year term, thus actually serving a total of 10 years.

City Council Members and term start years:
 * Mayor Don Adams (2024) – Vice Mayor of Beavercreek from (2020-2021) and Councilman from (2022-2023)
 * Vice Mayor Peter Bales (2024) - Served as Councilman in Beavercreek from (2020-2023)
 * Councilwoman Joanna Garcia (2022) – Served as Vice Mayor of Beavercreek from (2018-2019, 2022-2023) and Councilwoman from (2020-2022)
 * Councilman Charles Curran (2024) - Served as Councilmen of Beavercreek from (2019-2023). Elected to a new term in 2023.
 * Councilman David Litteral (2024)
 * Councilwoman Tiffany Schwartz (2022)* - Served as Councilwoman of Beavercreek from (2020-2021). Elected to a new term in 2021.
 * Councilman Glen Duerr (2022)** Served as Councilman of Beavercreek from (2020-2021). Elected to a new term in 2021.

* Councilwoman Tiffany Schwartz was appointed in 2020 to an unexpired term (2018)

** Councilman Glen Duerr was appointed in 2020 to an unexpired term (2018)

The city manager is appointed by the City Council and serves as the chief administrative officer of the city according to the city's charter. The city manager provides for the overall management direction and oversight of the city organization and is responsible for its efficient and effective operation in accordance with the policies, programs and regulations established by the City Council. The city manager is also responsible for initiating proposals and providing advice, information and research to the City Council concerning the formulation of municipal policies, practices and projects. The current city manager is Pete E. Landrum.

The City of Beavercreek has a public-access television cable TV channel, on which all public meetings can be seen live and are rerun later.

Recreation
The Beavercreek City Parks department operates and maintains 23 parks and other properties.

Beavercreek Station is a hub along Creekside Trail, a bike path that stretches from Xenia to Eastwood MetroPark in Dayton.

Education
Beavercreek City School District consists of 6 elementary schools, 2 middle schools, a separate ninth grade campus, and 1 high school. Beavercreek has a public library, a branch of the Greene County Public Library.

Transportation
The Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority provides bus service in the city.

Notable people

 * Taylor Ewert, long-distance runner and track and field athlete
 * Aftab Pureval, attorney and politician, 70th mayor of Cincinnati
 * Janet C. Wolfenbarger, former Commander, Air Force Materiel Command and the first female four-star general of the United States Air Force

title: Beavercreek, Ohio


text:
Bellbrook, Ohio

Bellbrook is a city in Greene County, Ohio, United States. The population was 7,317 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. It sits about 10.7 mi southeast of Dayton.

History
Bellbrook was laid out in 1816. The name Bellbrook is an amalgamation of the name one of the city's founders, Stephen Bell, and Little Sugar Creek. A post office called Bell Brook was established in 1817, and the name was changed to Bellbrook in 1895.

Initially a village, Bellbrook grew by way of annexation of territory from surrounding Sugarcreek Township. The first annexation, in 1970, helped push the population over 5,000 and led to Bellbrook achieving city status in 1974. With large amounts of build-able land, the area added over 1,000 housing units since the annexation. Today the city is largely developed with little land left for future development. Most of the development is taking place in neighboring Sugarcreek Township.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 3.13 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,943 people, 2,767 households, and 2,068 families living in the city. The population density was 2218.2 PD/sqmi. There were 2,914 housing units at an average density of 931.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.0% White, 1.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 2,767 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.3% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the city was 42.5 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 33.2% were from 45 to 64; and 12.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,009 people, 2,222 households, and 2,022 families living in the city. The population density was 2,244.4 PD/sqmi. There were 3,120 housing units at an average density of 861.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 97.19% White, 0.78% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.98% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.11% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.

There were 2,596 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.0% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $62,794, and the median income for a family was $69,770. Males had a median income of $51,311 versus $35,184 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,183. About 1.7% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Bellbrook is governed by a council-manager form of administration. The city manager is appointed by a council, while the council is elected for four-year terms, and the mayor for two-year terms, in non-partisan elections.

Arts and culture

The city holds a Sugar Maple Festival every April and a Lions Club Festival every August.

Bellbrook has a public library, a branch of the Greene County Public Library.

The Bellbrook Historical Museum, located at 42 North Main Street, offers a collection of history from information and objects dating back over the past several hundred years.

Education
Bellbrook has five school buildings:
 * Stephen Bell Elementary, grades K–2
 * Bell Creek Intermediate, grades 3–5
 * Bellbrook Middle School, grades 6–8
 * Bellbrook High School, grades 9–12
 * Sugarcreek Education Center, alternate education

Notable people

 * Erma Bombeck, writer.
 * Austin Spitler, NFL player
 * Jonathan Winters, actor and comedian

title: Bellbrook, Ohio


text:
Bowersville, Ohio

Bowersville is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States. The population was 261 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Bowersville was laid out in 1848, and named for Peter Bowermaster, a first settler. A post office called Bowersville has been in operation since 1847.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.15 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 312 people, 119 households, and 89 families living in the village. The population density was 2080.0 PD/sqmi. There were 134 housing units at an average density of 893.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.1% White, 0.6% African American, 0.3% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 119 households, of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.2% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 2.99.

The median age in the village was 36 years. 26% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 23.4% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 290 people, 111 households, and 85 families living in the village. The population density was 2,101.3 PD/sqmi. There were 121 housing units at an average density of 876.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.28% White, 0.34% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.34% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.34% of the population.

There were 111 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 108.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $36,406, and the median income for a family was $38,846. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,132. None of the families and 2.2% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 8.3% of those over 64.

Notable people

 * William Grange, professor and author
 * Norman Vincent Peale, minister and author

title: Bowersville, Ohio


text:
Cedarville, Ohio

Cedarville is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States. The village is within the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 4,257 at the 2020 census.

History
Cedarville was settled by Irish and Scottish immigrants in 1799. Cedarville was originally known as Milford, and under the latter name was platted in 1816. This was because of postal confusion with the city of Milford, Ohio. A post office called Massies Creek was established in 1837, and the name was changed to Cedarville in 1843. The present name is for cedar trees near the original town site.

For many years beginning in the 1880s, public life in Cedarville centered around the downtown Cedarville Opera House; it survives to the present day, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.32 sqmi, of which 1.28 sqmi is land and 0.04 sqmi is water.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,019 people, 686 households, and 411 families living in the village. The population density was 3139.8 PD/sqmi. There were 759 housing units at an average density of 593.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 94.4% White, 2.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 686 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.1% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the village was 21 years. 9.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 66.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 8.4% were from 25 to 44; 9.8% were from 45 to 64; and 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.5% male and 53.5% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,828 people, 681 households, and 420 families living in the village. The population density was 3,594.6 PD/sqmi. There were 722 housing units at an average density of 678.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.06% White, 1.99% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 681 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.08.

The village's population primarily consists of college-age students, with 10.4% of residents being under the age of 18, 65.0% from 18 to 24, 10.7% from 25 to 44, 8.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $37,200, and the median income for a family was $44,234. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the village was $9,499. About 5.4% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

CedarFest
To celebrate its distinction as the birthplace of James H. Kyle, Cedarville commemorates Labor Day with CedarFest, an annual festival. The weekend is capped by a fireworks display on the Sunday before Labor Day in Cedar Park.

Little Town of Lights
The Little Town of Lights is held annually on the first weekend of December. Residents coordinate their outdoor lighted decorations (traditionally empty gallon milk jugs with a candle placed inside) and also compete for the best display.

Education
The Cedar Cliff Local School District operates three public schools combined in one building in the village: Cedarville Elementary School, Cedarville Middle School, and Cedarville High School. The Cedar Cliff Local School District gets its name from the two towns which it serves, Cedarville and Clifton.

Cedarville University, a Baptist institution, has been in operation at Cedarville since 1887.

Cedarville has a public library, a branch of the Greene County Public Library.

Notable people

 * David Jeremiah, evangelist
 * Bumpus Jones, Major League Baseball player
 * Mike Kellogg, radio evangelist
 * James H. Kyle, politician, South Dakota senator, "Father" of Labor Day
 * Eleanor Parker, actress
 * Whitelaw Reid, newspaper publisher and statesman

title: Cedarville, Ohio