text:
St. Louis Park, Minnesota

St. Louis Park is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 50,010 at the 2020 census. It is a first-ring suburb immediately west of Minneapolis. Other adjacent cities include Edina, Golden Valley, Minnetonka, Plymouth, and Hopkins.

The Pavek Museum of Broadcasting, which has a major collection of antique radio and television equipment, is also in the city. Items range from radios produced by local manufacturers to the Vitaphone system used to cut discs carrying audio for the first "talkie", The Jazz Singer.

The Coen brothers set their 2009 film A Serious Man in St. Louis Park c. 1967. It was important to the Coens to find a neighborhood of original-looking suburban rambler homes as they would have appeared in St. Louis Park in the mid-1960s, and after careful scouting they opted to film scenes in a neighborhood of nearby Bloomington, as well as at St. Louis Park's B'nai Emet Synagogue, which was later sold and converted into a school.

Early developments
The name "St. Louis Park" was derived from the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway that ran through the area; the word "Park" was added to avoid confusion with St. Louis, Missouri. The settlement was incorporated as a village in 1886, and from 1887 to 1890, its post office was called "Elmwood".

In 1892, lumber baron Thomas Barlow Walker and a group of wealthy Minneapolis industrialists incorporated the Minneapolis Land and Investment Company to focus industrial development in Minneapolis. Walker's company also began developing St. Louis Park for industrial, commercial and residential use.

Generally, development progressed outward from the original village center at the intersection of the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway with Wooddale Avenue. But Minneapolis soon expanded as far west as France Avenue, and its boundary may have continued to move westward had it not been for St. Louis Park's 1886 incorporation.

By 1893, St. Louis Park's downtown, then located along Broadway (current-day Walker Street) near Lake Street, had three hotels and several fraternal meeting halls, and many newly arrived companies surrounded downtown. Around 1890, the village had more than 600 industrial jobs, mostly associated with agriculture implement manufacturing at the massive Moline Plow Company factory once located just south of downtown.

The financial panic of 1893 altered developers' plans and put a damper on the village's growth. Walker left St. Louis Park to pursue other business ventures.

In 1899, St. Louis Park became the home to the Peavey–Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator, the world's first concrete, tubular grain elevator, which provided an alternative to combustible wooden elevators. Despite being nicknamed "Peavey's Folly" and dire predictions that the elevator would burst like a balloon when the grain was drawn off, the experiment worked and concrete elevators have been used ever since.

Suburban boom
At the end of World War I, only seven scattered retail stores operated in St. Louis Park because streetcars provided easy access to shopping in Minneapolis. Between 1920 and 1930, the population doubled from 2,281 to 4,710. Vigorous homebuilding occurred in the late 1930s to accommodate the pent-up need created during the Depression. With America's involvement in World War II, however, all development came to a halt.

Explosive growth came after World War II. In 1940, 7,737 people lived in St. Louis Park. By 1955, more than 30,000 new residents had joined them. From 1940 to 1955, growth averaged 6.9 persons moving into St. Louis Park every day. Sixty percent of St. Louis Park's homes were built in a single burst of construction from the late 1940s to the early 1950s.

Residential development was closely followed by commercial developers eager to bring goods and services to these new households. In the late 1940s, Minnesota's first shopping center — the 30000 sqft Lilac Way — was constructed on the northeast corner of Excelsior Boulevard and Highway 100. (The Lilac Way shopping center was torn down in the late 1980s to make way for redevelopment.) Miracle Mile shopping center, built in 1950, and Knollwood Mall, which opened in 1956, remain open today.

In the late 1940s, a group of 11 former army doctors opened the St. Louis Park Medical Center in a small building on Excelsior Boulevard. The medical center merged with Methodist Hospital and today is Park Nicollet Health Services, part of HealthPartners, the second-largest medical clinic in Minnesota (after Rochester's Mayo Clinic).

During the period between 1950 and 1956, 66 new subdivisions were recorded to make room for 2,700 new homes. In 1953 and 1954, the final two parcels — Kilmer and Shelard Park — were annexed. These parcels (originally in Minnetonka) came to St. Louis Park because of their ability to provide sewer and water service. According to Al Franken, whose mother was a realtor there, in the Twin Cities the area was nicknamed St. Jewish Park, given that 20% of its residents were of Jewish background. He states also that there appeared to be a tacit agreement between bankers, developers and real estate agents to ensure redlining, in order to prevent the spread of Jewish and Afro-American families across streets like Texas Avenue into areas with a different ethnic composition.

From village to city
In 1954, voters approved a home rule charter that gave an overwhelmed St. Louis Park the status of a city. That enabled the city to hire a city manager to assume some of the duties handled by the part-time city council. Several bridges built during that time are now being repaired or razed.

In those days, the primary concerns were the physical planning of St. Louis Park, updating zoning and construction codes, expanding sewer and water systems, paving streets, acquiring park land and building schools.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.86 sqmi, of which 10.64 sqmi is land and 0.22 sqmi is water.

Interstate 394, U.S. Highway 169, and Minnesota State Highways 7 and 100 are four of the main routes in St. Louis Park.

2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 45,250 people, 21,743 households, and 10,459 families residing in the city. The population density was 4252.8 PD/sqmi. There were 23,285 housing units at an average density of 2188.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 83.3% White, 7.5% African American, 0.5% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.3% of the population.

There were 21,743 households, of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 51.9% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the city was 35.4 years. 18.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 36.4% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 44,126 people, 20,782 households, and 10,557 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,122.5 /mi2. There were 21,140 housing units at an average density of 1,975.0 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 88.91% White, 4.37% African American, 0.45% Native American, 3.21% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.28% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.93% of the population.

There were 20,782 households, out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.2% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 37.7% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $49,260, and the median income for a family was $63,182. Males had a median income of $40,561 versus $32,447 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,970. About 3.0% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Russian and Jewish populations
The city has a relatively high Jewish population for Minnesota, and is home to the Sabes Jewish Community Center and several synagogues including Beth El Synagogue and Kenesseth Israel Congregation. It is estimated that around 38% of Jews in the greater Minneapolis area live in St. Louis Park. Due, in part, to mass immigration from former-Soviet states, St. Louis Park has a large Russian population around its Aquila area. The Russian language is the second most spoken language in the city after English, and the Hennepin County Library's St. Louis Park location has an extensive Russian language section.

Government
St. Louis Park operates under the Council/Manager form of government. An elected City Council sets the policy and overall direction for the city. Then city workers, under the direction of a professional city manager carry out council decisions and provide day-to-day city services. The city manager is accountable to the City Council. St. Louis Park voters elect the mayor and six (two at-large and four ward) City Council members to four-year terms. The mayor and at-large council members represent all residents; the ward council members are primarily responsible for representing their ward constituents.

Politics
St. Louis Park is in Minnesota's 5th congressional district, represented by Ilhan Omar, a Democrat. The town was placed in this district, which includes traditionally liberal segments of Minneapolis, in the redistricting after the 1990 census. Before that, St. Louis Park had been part of the 3rd congressional district, along with Edina and other more conservative suburbs. The 3rd district was represented by Republicans Clark MacGregor and William Frenzel from 1961 until 1991.

Succeeding Jake Spano, mayor Nadia Mohamed is the first elected Somali American mayor of a US city. She won election to the position on November 7, 2023.

Public schools
The St. Louis Park School District, Independent School District 283, is home to seven public schools serving about 4,200 students in grades K–12 students. St. Louis Park is the only school district in Minnesota in which every public school has been recognized as a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence by the U.S. Department of Education.

In the 1960s, the proportion of school-age children in St. Louis Park was much higher than it is now, although the population has not changed much. Due to declining enrollment over the years, there have been several changes to schools in the district:
 * Ethel Baston Elementary School was closed; its building is now occupied by Groves Academy, a private school.
 * Fern Hill Elementary School was closed; its building is now occupied by Torah Academy of Minneapolis, a private school.
 * Oak Hill Elementary School opened in 1950 and closed in 1967. Oak Hill enrollment was limited to students in grades one and two, as well as one special education class.
 * Park Knoll Elementary School was demolished to expand the Knollwood Mall.
 * Brookside Elementary School, Lenox Elementary School, and Eliot Elementary School were closed as public school buildings: Brookside was procured by a developer who converted the school into condominiums; Lenox Community Center has the SLP Senior Program and preschool on the main floor, with nonprofits on the second; Eliot was sold to a developer who tore it down to build apartment buildings in 2014.
 * Central Community Center, formerly Central Junior High School, now houses the Park Spanish Immersion School and other ISD 283 programs, including Early Childhood Special Education (ECSE), Early Childhood Family Education (ECFE), and Community Education programs including Gymnastics and Swimming. For some years, there were two junior high schools in St. Louis Park. The one now called St. Louis Park Middle School was then Westwood Junior High School.
 * Peter Hobart Elementary School and Aquila Elementary School became Peter Hobart Primary Center and Aquila Primary Center, serving only grades K through 3, and Susan Lindgren Elementary School and Cedar Manor Elementary School became intermediate schools serving only grades 4 through 6.
 * In 1970, St. Louis Park Senior High School served only grades 10 through 12 and had about 2500 students; now it serves grades 9 through 12 and serves about 1350 students.
 * In 2010, Cedar Manor Elementary School was closed. Peter Hobart Elementary, Susan Lindgren Elementary, Aquila Elementary, and Park Spanish Immersion were converted to Kindergarten through 5th grade schools, with grade 6 moving to St. Louis Park Junior High.
 * In 2019, Park Spanish Immersion Elementary School moved operations to the Cedar Manor building.

Athletic teams
St. Louis Park's athletic teams are called the Orioles. The school colors are orange and black. In 2005 the school moved out of the Classic Lake Conference and into the North Suburban Conference. In 2013, the school moved out of the North Suburban Conference and into the Metro West Conference.

The school won the boys' state basketball tournament in 1962 under coach Lloyd Holm, and had a resurgence in boys' basketball in the 1970s under coach August Schmidt.

The girls' basketball teams won two state championships in 1986 and 1990 under head coach Phil Frerk. The school also has a synchronized swimming program.

For many years, a fixture at Park athletic events was the school dance line, the Parkettes, who served as cheerleaders for the Minnesota Vikings from 1964 to 1983.

Athletes to come out of St. Louis Park include former NBA player and current Timberwolves broadcaster Jim Peterson (1980), NFL coach Marc Trestman (1974), current NHL player Erik Rasmussen (1995), Junior All-American cross-country skier Andrew J. Cheesebro, and current Sioux City Explorer T. J. Bohn (1998). 1965 graduate Bob Stein was an All-American end at the University of Minnesota and the youngest player ever to play in a Super Bowl, for the Kansas City Chiefs. He later served as the President of the Minnesota Timberwolves from 1987 to 1994. Former Minnesota Vikings and Tennessee Titans President Jeff Diamond is a 1971 St. Louis Park graduate.

Private schools

 * Academy of Whole Learning
 * Benilde-St. Margaret's School is a Catholic, co-educational school serving students in grades 7–12
 * Groves Academy
 * Heilicher Minneapolis Jewish Day School, formerly Minneapolis Jewish Day School, Abbreviated as HMJDS, is attached to the Sabes JCC, is a private K–8 school. Teaches Hebrew in language and text and offers Spanish as an after school program. The school team is the Lions. Their colors are Navy and Gold.
 * Metropolitan Open School
 * Torah Academy of Minneapolis

Businesses
There are over 2,700 businesses in St. Louis Park, including:

 * Travelers Express/MoneyGram, deposit banking functions — 450 employees
 * Benilde-St. Margaret's School — 200 employees
 * Nordic Ware (also known as Northland Aluminum Products), which introduced the Bundt cake in about 1950, household cooking equipment — 135 employees
 * Bridgewater Bank which is Headquartered in the City Limits.

The city employs 252 people and the school district (District #283) employs about 762.

Notable people

 * Michael Birawer, artist
 * Paige Bueckers, basketball player
 * The Coen brothers, filmmakers
 * Charles Foley (1930–2013), inventor of the game Twister (lived in a special care facility in St. Louis Park at the time of his death from Alzheimer's disease)
 * Al Franken (b. 1951), U.S. senator and comedian
 * Thomas Loren Friedman (b. 1953), journalist and author
 * Owen Husney, manager who discovered and first signed Prince to Warner Brothers
 * Sharon Isbin, guitarist and professor at the Juilliard School
 * Sally Olsen (1934–2022), lawyer and state legislator
 * Ade Olufeko, Polymath, technologist
 * Norman Ornstein, political scientist
 * Michael J. Sandel, political philosopher
 * Marc Trestman, football coach
 * Kenneth W. Wolfe, Minnesota state senator and mayor of St. Louis Park

title: St. Louis Park, Minnesota


text:
Brownsville, Minnesota

Brownsville is a city in Houston County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 566 at the 2020 census.

History
A post office called Brownsville has been in operation since 1852. Brownsville was platted in 1854 by the brothers Job and Charles Brown, and named for them.

The village of Brownsville was destroyed by fire in October 1920. The loss was reported to be worth $75,000. The rail depot and eight other buildings were destroyed.

The weekly Brownsville News newspaper, established in June 1885, ceased publication in October 1920. It was issued with the Houston County Chief from November 1920 to April 1927 and with the Hokah Chief from April to July 1927.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.94 sqmi, of which 1.75 sqmi is land and 0.19 sqmi is water.

Minnesota State Highway 26 and County Road 3 (Main Street) are two of the main routes in the community.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 466 people, 213 households, and 137 families living in the city. The population density was 266.3 PD/sqmi. There were 280 housing units at an average density of 160.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.1% White and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 213 households, of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.62.

The median age in the city was 47.6 years. 17% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 40.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.1% male and 47.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 517 people, 216 households, and 149 families living in the city. The population density was 288.9 PD/sqmi. There were 273 housing units at an average density of 152.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 99.42% White, 0.39% Native American, and 0.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.

There were 216 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,250, and the median income for a family was $51,875. Males had a median income of $32,426 versus $26,429 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,442. About 1.5% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * The film actor William Hauber (1891–1929) was born in Brownsville.
 * Peshtigo fire survivor and memoirist Peter Pernin was Catholic pastor in Brownsville 1886-94.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Brownsville, Minnesota


text:
Ely, Nevada

Ely is the largest city and county seat of White Pine County, Nevada, United States. Ely was founded as a stagecoach station along the Pony Express and Central Overland Route. In 1906 copper was discovered. Ely's mining boom came later than the other towns along US 50. The railroads connecting the transcontinental railroad to the mines in Austin, Nevada and Eureka, Nevada have long been removed, but the railroad to Ely is preserved as a heritage railway by the Nevada Northern Railway and known as the Ghost Train of Old Ely. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,924.

History

In 1878, Vermont resident J. W. Long came to White Pine County and soon set up a camp known as "Ely", after discovering gold. The name "Ely" has been credited to several possible origins: Long's hometown of Ely, Vermont; a New York Congressman with the surname Ely, who sent Long as a representative according to local historians; Smith Ely, a Vermont native who financed one of the city's early mineral operations; and John Ely, an Illinois native who came to Nevada for mining.

Ely was founded as a stagecoach station along the Pony Express and Central Overland Route. Ely's mining boom came later than the other towns along US 50, with the discovery of copper in 1906. This made Ely a mining town, suffering through the boom-and-bust cycles so common in the West. Originally, Ely was home to a number of copper mining companies, Kennecott Utah Copper being the most famous. With a crash in the copper market in the mid-1970s, Kennecott shut down and copper mining disappeared (temporarily).

With the advent of cyanide heap leaching—a method of extracting gold from what was previously considered very low-grade ore—the next boom was on. Many companies processed the massive piles of "overburden" that had been removed from copper mines, or expanded the existing open-pit mines to extract the gold ore. Gold mines as widespread as the Robinson project near Ruth, and AmSelco's Alligator Ridge mine 65 mi from Ely, kept the town alive during the 1980s and 1990s, until the recent revival of copper mining.

As Kennecott's smelter was demolished, copper concentrate from the mine is now shipped by rail to Seattle, where it is transported to Japan for smelting. The dramatic increase in demand for copper in 2005 has once again made Ely a copper boom town.

The now-defunct BHP Nevada Railroad ran from the mining district south of Ruth through Ely to the junction with the Union Pacific at Shafter from 1996 to 1999.

Geography and climate
Ely is 77 mi east of Eureka, Nevada, 153 mi west of Delta, Utah, 105 mi north of Pioche, Nevada, 139 mi south of Wells, Nevada, and 120 mi south of West Wendover, Nevada.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.1 sqmi, all of it land.

Ely experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), and extreme day-night temperature differences year-round. Ely's nighttime temperatures account for it being listed as one of the coldest places in the contiguous United States, with an average of 214.9 nights per year with a minimum temperature of 32 °F or less, 15.7 nights reaching 0 F or less, and 21.7 days when the high does not top freezing. On average, the first and last dates of freezing temperatures are September 8 and June 18, respectively, allowing a growing season of only 79 days. Frosts have occurred in every month, even July. The diurnal temperature range of Ely is so great due to its elevation, dry air, clear skies, and location in a valley, allowing for intense radiative cooling at sunset, even after hot summer days. The monthly mean temperature ranges from 26.7 °F in January to 69.3 °F in July. High temperatures of 90 °F or higher occur on an average of 29.2 days annually, but, due to the elevation and aridity, the low very rarely manages to stay at or above 60 °F. Extreme temperatures ranged from 101 °F on July 18, 1998 down to -30 °F on February 6, 1989.

On average, annual precipitation is 9.41 in, with 72.9 days of measurable precipitation annually. The wettest calendar year is 1897 with 17.20 in and the driest 1974 with 4.22 in, though as much as 18.20 in fell from July 1982 to June 1983. The most precipitation in one month was 5.52 in in April 1900, and the most in 24 hours was 2.52 in on September 26, 1982. Average annual snowfall is 54.1 in, while the most snowfall in one month was 42.0 in in March 1894, and the greatest depth of snow on the ground 24 in on January 23, 2010 – though data from neighboring Elko suggest greater depths in the winters of 1889/1890, 1915/1916 and 1931/1932. An average winter will see a maximum snow cover of 9 in, though the severe winter of 1951/1952 had fifty days with snow cover over 10 in. The most snowfall in a season has been 110.4 in from July 2010 to June 2011 and the least 12.1 in from July 1950 to June 1951.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,041 people, 1,727 households, and 1,065 families residing in the city. The population density was 567 PD/sqmi. There were 2,205 housing units at an average density of 309 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.14% White, 0.32% African American, 3.12% Native American, 1.09% Asian, 0.35% Pacific Islander, 3.71% from other races, and 2.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.35% of the population.

There were 1,727 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,408, and the median income for a family was $42,168. Males had a median income of $36,016 versus $26,597 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,013. About 11% of families and 12% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12% of those under age 18 and 9% of those aged 65 or over.

Tourism
Ely is a tourism center, and is home of the Nevada Northern Railway Museum. The railroad museum features the Ghost Train of Old Ely, a working steam-engine passenger train that travels the historic tracks from Ely to the Robinson mining district.

Ely is the nearest city to the proposed site of the Clock of the Long Now on Mount Washington.

The historic six-story Hotel Nevada and Gambling Hall is in downtown Ely. Opened in 1929, it was the tallest building in Nevada until 1931 and was the state's first fire-proof building. It is a popular lodging, dining, gaming, and tourist stop.

The long stretch of road on State Route 318 near Ely is known for the annual 90 mi Silver State Classic Challenge course, an authorized time-trial Cannonball Run-style race that attracts entries from all over the world.

The Ely Renaissance Society is responsible for more than 20 outdoor murals and sculptures in the downtown area. Artists from all over the world have been commissioned to create images of area history, using different art styles. They also maintain a historical village consisting of a general store and several shotgun houses which display the history of the people that came to the area to work for the railroad and the mine.

Ely is also home to regional offices of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, and Nevada Department of Wildlife.

Outdoors and recreation
Nearby are Great Basin National Park, Cave Lake State Park, the Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park, and the state parks of Lincoln County, Nevada.

The open spaces around Ely are popular with hikers, mountain bikers and cross country skiers.

Ely was the host of the 2016 National Speleological Society's annual convention. The Bureau of Land Management, operates an area supporting an elk herd south of town. The Ely Elk Viewing Area offers visitors the opportunity to see an elk community up close.

Mining

Starting in 1867, iron-rich gossans were mined for precious metals in Lane Valley west of Ely. The Aultman and Saxton Mines were operating by the 1870s. The Chainman Mine was developed by the 1890s and became the most productive in the area. Starting in 1903, copper was mined by the Giroux Consolidated Mining Company and by the Nevada Consolidated Copper Company in 1904. In 1913, Consolidated Copper Mines Company took over Giroux. In 1936, Fulton and Smith first described magnesite, yet by 1942, when deposits were first studied no magnesite mining existed.

In 1943, Kennecott Copper Corporation took over Nevada Consolidated and by 1958 had consolidated all of the properties in the district.

KGHM International Ltd. owns a large copper mine, formerly owned by Quadra FNX, employing 510 people near Ely.

The Joana Mine in Robinson Canyon, 2 miles North of Ely, has exposed a limestone geologic formation named the Joana Limestone after the mine.

Sports
From 2006 through 2014, the UNLV Rebels football team of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas held training camp in Ely.

Air
Commercial air service was available at Ely Airport until March 31, 2013. In 2011, the Ely Airport was frequently cited as one of the rural airports receiving federal subsidies through the Essential Air Service program.

Roads
The historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across America, went through Ely, entering town from the north on U.S. Route 93 and departing town to the west on U.S. Route 50. Ely is home to the most isolated charging station in the United States.
 * U.S. Route 6
 * U.S. Route 50 (Ely is the eastern end of the portion of U.S. Route 50 known as "The Loneliest Road in America")
 * U.S. Route 93

Education
Ely has a public library, a branch of the White Pine County Library. Ely is part of the White Pine County School District.

Media
Ely's local newspaper is The Bristlecone Tribune. Ely has two local radio stations: KDSS (92.7 FM) White Pine Counties ONLY Music station, and KELY (1230 AM). KELY is heard across much of rural Nevada as the flagship of the Nevada Talk Network.

Notable people

 * Albert J. Carpenter (9 June 1911 - 21 June 1999), officer in the United States Coast Guard from 1933 to 1968
 * Helen Delich Bentley - born to Yugoslavian parents and graduating from Ely High School, she was appointed by Richard Nixon to lead the Federal Maritime Regulatory Agency in 1969. She served as a representative for Maryland in the US Congress from 1985 to 1995.
 * Patricia Nixon - Former first lady of the United States was born in Ely. Her father was a miner in the area and the family left when Patricia was two years old.  Pat and her husband Richard Nixon visited the area during his 1952 vice-presidential campaign.

In popular culture

 * Operation Haylift (1950), by director William A. Berke, is about a historical event that took place in White Pine County.
 * Lust for Freedom (1987), a film directed by Eric Louzil.
 * Once Upon a Texas Train (1988), a television film directed by Burt Kennedy.
 * Roadside Prophets (1992), an independent film directed by Abbe Wool.
 * Guncrazy (1992), a film directed by Tamra Davis and starring Drew Barrymore.
 * Rat Race (2001), a film directed by Jerry Zucker, with its climactic scene shot in and around the restored train depot of the railway museum.
 * "Laying Low in Eli, Nevada" (2005), a song performed by David Dondero for his South of the South album.
 * My Blueberry Nights (2007), a film directed by Wong Kar-wai.
 * "Ely Nevada" (2008), a song performed by Ry Cooder for the My Blueberry Nights soundtrack.
 * Play Dead (2009), a film directed by Jason Wiles.
 * Paul (2011), Ely was portrayed in the film as the two main characters stopped for gas

title: Ely, Nevada


text:
Union Township, Houston County, Minnesota

Union Township is a township in Houston County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 385 at the 2000 census.

Union Township was organized in 1859.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 26.3 square miles (68.0 km$2$), of which 26.2 square miles (68.0 km$2$) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km$2$)  (0.08%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 385 people, 134 households, and 105 families residing in the township. The population density was 14.7 people per square mile (5.7/km$2$). There were 140 housing units at an average density of 5.3/sq mi (2.1/km$2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.18% White, 1.30% Native American and 0.52% Pacific Islander.

There were 134 households, out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.4% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the township the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.9 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $51,250, and the median income for a family was $54,531. Males had a median income of $34,063 versus $22,115 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,573. About 0.9% of families and 0.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.


text:
McGill, Nevada

McGill is a census-designated place (CDP) in White Pine County, Nevada, United States. The population was 1,148 at the 2010 census.

History
In 1872, John Cowger established a ranch in the Steptoe Valley and acquired the water rights for the area. William Lyons and William McGill purchased the ranch in 1886. A post office was established at the ranch, now named McGill Ranch, in 1891.

The Nevada Consolidated Copper Company had numerous mines in the region and was seeking a partner to create a smelter in the area. The Cumberland and Ely Mining Corporation had acquired 8 sqmi of land near the ranch and thought it would be ideal for a smelter location due to access to a plentiful water source. The two companies formed a partnership, the Steptoe Valley Smelting and Mining Company.

In 1906, a 9 mi pipeline was built to bring water from Duck Creek to reservoirs near the smelter site and construction began on the smelter. The smelter was completed and operations began on May 15, 1908. The first copper was shipped from the smelter on August 7 of the same year.

The town was briefly known as Smelter, before being renamed McGill, after the ranch. The population of the town grew from its inception to 1,904 in 1910 and 2,864 in 1920.

Kennecott Utah Copper acquired Nevada Consolidated Copper Company, which included Steptoe Valley Smelting and Mining Company and the smelter at McGill in 1932. In 1983, the price of copper along with the low grade ore being mined led to Kennecott closing the smelter and demolishing it. With the primary employer gone, the population of McGill decreased to its current levels.

Geography
McGill is located at 39.40111°N, -114.77889°W (39.401054, -114.778765).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.1 sqmi, all of it land.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,054 people, 448 households and 305 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 953.9 PD/sqmi. There were 599 housing units at an average density of 542.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.72% White, 2.75% Native American, 2.3% Croatian, 0.19% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 1.80% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.74% of the population.

There were 448 households, of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.89.

24.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

The median household income was $32,039 and the median family income was $42,679. Males had a median income of $36,149 compared with $19,813 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,643. About 11.0% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: McGill, Nevada


text:
Alton, New Hampshire

Alton is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,894 at the 2020 census, up from 5,250 at the 2010 census. It is home to Alton Bay State Forest and Mount Major State Forest.

The primary settlement in town, where 499 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Alton census-designated place (CDP) and is centered on the intersection of New Hampshire Route 11 and New Hampshire Route 140. The town also includes the village of Alton Bay, a long-time resort located beside Lake Winnipesaukee.

History
Originally called "New Durham Gore" because of rocky upland areas, or "gores", the town was settled in 1770, mainly by farmers because the highland areas provided less frost. Merchants then filled the lowlands. Early Alton history recounts stories of the merchants trying to convince the farmers to incorporate. They would succeed on January 15, 1796, when the community was named after Alton, a small market town in Hampshire, England.

Alton was part of Strafford County until Belknap County was erected on December 22, 1840. By 1840, the village of Alton existed at the town's center. In 1847, the Cochecho Railroad began bringing passengers and freight to Alton Village and Alton Bay. By 1859, the town had two gristmills, seven sawmills, and five shoe factories. But the most famous business was the Rockwell Clough Company, established by William Rockwell Clough, inventor of the corkscrew. By 1903, his company was producing 30 million corkscrews worldwide.

Since the mid-19th century, however, tourism has been the principal business. In 1863, an Adventist group held a camp meeting at Alton Bay, which was the terminus of the Dover and Winnipiseogee Railroad. That was incorporated as the Alton Bay Camp Meeting Association (now known as Alton Bay Christian Conference Center) in 1876. In 1872, the Boston & Maine Railroad launched at Alton Bay the steamer Mount Washington, the first side-wheeler and largest vessel on Lake Winnipesaukee. When destroyed by fire in 1939, a replacement ship was found, also christened Mount Washington. Today, it continues to carry summer tourists between stops on the lake. The railway survived until 1935, and the old station at Alton Bay is now a community center.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 215.4 sqkm, of which 165.0 sqkm are land and 50.5 sqkm are water, comprising 23.4% of the town. Alton is located at the southern end of Lake Winnipesaukee, around the 4 mi inlet known as Alton Bay. The village of Alton Bay is located at the southern tip of the bay, while the main village of Alton is located 1 mi farther south. The town is drained by the Merrymeeting River, the main inlet to Alton Bay. Mount Major, in Mount Major State Forest, has an elevation of 1780 ft above sea level. Popular with hikers, the summit offers unsurpassed views of Lake Winnipesaukee. The highest point in Alton is the north peak of Straightback Mountain, at 1910 ft, just west of Mount Major. Both mountains are part of the Belknap Mountains range. Alton lies almost fully within the Merrimack River watershed, though a tiny corner is in the Piscataqua River (coastal) watershed.

The town is served by five state highways. New Hampshire Route 11 passes through the center of town, leading northwest along the shore of Lake Winnipesaukee to Gilford and thence to Laconia, and southeast to Rochester. New Hampshire Route 28 also passes through the center of town, leading north to Wolfeboro and south to Pittsfield and Manchester. New Hampshire Route 140 leads from Alton west to Gilmanton and Tilton. New Hampshire Route 11A leaves NH 11 in West Alton and goes west into Gilford, and New Hampshire Route 28A forms an alternate route north from Alton Bay to NH 28.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Wolfeboro (north)
 * New Durham (east)
 * Barnstead (south)
 * Gilmanton (southeast)
 * Gilford (west)
 * Tuftonboro (northwest)

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,250 people, 2,145 households, and 1,511 families residing in the town. There were 4,281 housing units, of which 2,136, or 49.9%, were vacant. 1,928 of the vacant units were for seasonal use. The racial makeup of the town was 98.4% white, 0.1% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race, and 0.9% from two or more races. 1.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 2,145 households, 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were headed by married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45, and the average family size was 2.87.

In the town, 21.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.2% were from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 34.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

For the period 2011–2015, the estimated median annual income for a household was $66,823, and the median income for a family was $85,556. Male full-time workers had a median income of $46,223 versus $42,448 for females. The per capita income for the town was $29,693. 6.9% of the population and 4.6% of families were below the poverty line. 1.6% of the population under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those 65 or older were living in poverty.

Government
In the New Hampshire Senate, Alton is in the 6th District, represented by Republican James Gray. In the New Hampshire House of Representatives, Alton is in the Belknap 5th district, represented by Republicans Paul Terry and Peter Varney. On the Executive Council of New Hampshire, Alton is in the 1st District, represented by Republican Joseph Kenney. In the United States House of Representatives, Alton is in New Hampshire's 1st congressional district, represented by Democrat Chris Pappas.

Alton is served by a full-time police department and a combination full-time and on-call fire/rescue department which also provides ambulance services for the town.

Sites of interest

 * Alton Historical Society & Museum
 * Harold S. Gilman Museum
 * Alton Bay, with an arcade, mini-golf, ice cream shop, multiple areas to eat, a marina, and other attractions
 * New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 164: Alton Bay Transportation Center
 * New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 288: The Alton Bay Water Bandstand

Notable people

 * Joel Bean (1825–1914), founder of Beanite Quakerism
 * George Franklin Drew (1827–1900), 12th governor of Florida
 * James B. French (1857–1932), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 * Florence Holway (1915–2012), rape victim, subject of a 2003 HBO documentary
 * Steve Leach (born 1966), right wing with seven NHL teams
 * Don Sweeney (born 1966), defenseman with the Boston Bruins and Dallas Stars and general manager of Boston since 2015

title: Alton, New Hampshire


text:
Park Rapids, Minnesota

Park Rapids is a city in and the county seat of Hubbard County, Minnesota, United States. It is near Itasca State Park, the source of the Mississippi River, as well as the beginning of the Heartland State Trail. The city was founded in 1890 near the Fish Hook River rapids and is along U.S. Highway 71 and Minnesota State Highway 34. The population was 4,142 at the 2020 census.

History
Park Rapids became a city in 1882, and was named by Frank C. Rice after the park groves and prairies beside the Fish Hook River rapids. These rapids have since been dammed.

Transportation
Park Rapids and the surrounding Hubbard County area have three major transportation services. South of the city center at 212 W. 2nd Street is Park Rapids Municipal Airport (officially Konshok Field), a general aviation airport. According to the FAA, the airfield is publicly owned by the City of Park Rapids. Also serving the Park Rapids and Hubbard County area for ground transportation is the Hubbard County Heartland Express bus service and a local taxi service. The closest commercial airport is Bemidji Regional Airport, which is served only by Delta Connection flights to Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport, which itself is about 200 miles by car from Park Rapids.

Major highways
U.S. Highway 71 and Minnesota State Highway 34 are two of the main routes through Park Rapids. Highway 34 was expanded in 2008 into a five-lane route through the city. Downtown Main Avenue has street "center parking". Highway 71 and Main Street were reconstructed during the summer of 2009.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.81 sqmi, of which 6.59 sqmi is land and 0.22 sqmi is water. The Fish Hook River flows through the city, which is surrounded by three lakes: Fish Hook, Long, and Potato.

Climate
Park Rapids has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with warm summers and long, cold snowy winters.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,709 people, 1,772 households, and 892 families residing in the city. The population density was 562.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,003 housing units at an average density of 303.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 94.1% White, 0.4% African American, 2.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 1.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population.

There were 1,772 households, of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.2% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.7% were non-families. 44.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the city was 43.1 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.7% were from 25 to 44; 22.8% were from 45 to 64; and 24.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.3% male and 53.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,276 people, 1,476 households, and 788 families residing in the city. The population density was 547.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,616 housing units at an average density of 270.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 95.97% White, 0.31% African American, 2.20% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.07% of the population.

There were 1,476 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were non-families. 41.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 28.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,628, and the median income for a family was $33,958. Males had a median income of $28,718 versus $21,827 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,416. About 11.6% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 13.1% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people
Park Rapids is the birthplace of two notable authors, Will Weaver and Nathan Aaseng. Weaver was born to a farming family and educated at Saint Cloud State University, the University of Minnesota, and Stanford University. He worked as a farmer, an educator, and a fiction writer. Three of his best-known novels are Striking Out, Farm Team, and Hard Ball. They reflect Weaver's upbringing on a northern Minnesota farm. His writings have won several awards, including the Friends of American Writers Award (1989) and the Minnesota Book Award for Fiction (1989). Weaver now lives in Bemidji.

Aaseng was the son of a minister and attended Luther College and Luther Seminary. He worked as a microbiologist-biochemist and wrote juvenile nonfiction and fiction. His works include more than 130 books on a variety of subjects. Some examples are Big Red, Wild Trek, and the "You Are the Coach" series.

Minnesota newspaper editor and legislator John A. Ainley, Jr., lived in Park Rapids.

Iowa newspaper editor and legislator Thomas Miller was born in Park Rapids.

Businesswoman and Minnesota state legislator Esther Miriam Fieldman lived in Park Rapids.

Four-time U.S. Paralympian Aaron Pike was born in Park Rapids and spent his first year there before moving away for his father's military career. Pike continued to return to Park Rapids each summer and continues to list it as his hometown. He competes in wheelchair racing and Nordic skiing.

Recreation

There are over 70 lakes in the Park Rapids area, which all offer distinct fishing opportunities. Some notable nearby lakes include Lake Itasca (headwaters of the Mississippi River) as well as some of the numerous Crow Wing Lakes. Some of the most common fish caught in the area include largemouth, smallmouth and rock bass, bullhead, crappie, northern pike, perch, sunfish and walleye. The Heartland Trail, one of the oldest rail-to-trail projects in the United States, begins in Park Rapids. The 49-mile trail is open to horseback riding, hiking, snowmobiling, and biking at different segments throughout. Deer, coyote, grey wolf, chipmunks, bobcat, bear, bald eagle, red fox, raccoon, beaver and muskrat can all be spotted along the trail.

Local media
Park Rapids is home to De La Hunt Broadcasting, east of the city's downtown. There are three radio stations in Park Rapids:

 * KPRM AM 870 (Talk and Classic Country)
 * KXKK FM 92.5 (Country music)
 * KDKK FM 97.5 (Adult Standards)

Park Rapids receives five television stations:

 * KAWE Ch. 9 PBS (Bemidji)
 * KVLY-TV Ch. 11 NBC (Fargo)
 * KCCW Ch. 12 CBS (Walker)
 * KVRR Ch. 15 FOX (Fargo)
 * KSAX Ch. 42 ABC (Alexandria)

The local cable TV provider is Arvig Communication Systems.

Newspaper
The Forum Communications Company of Fargo, North Dakota, owns and operates the Park Rapids Enterprise, published twice weekly.

Education
Park Rapids Area High School, at 401 Huntsinger Avenue, serves grades 9–12. Century School, at 501 Helten Avenue, houses grades K–8.

Park Rapids had two separate buildings for primary school that split up K–4 and 9–12 from grades 5–8. Frank White Elementary and Park Rapids High School were part of the same building. The Century School was built in 2001 to accommodate grades K–8. The Frank White Elementary School was remodeled and pieces of it became part of the Park Rapids Area High School, while several of the Frank White classrooms became preschool classrooms. The old Park Rapids Middle School was sold several times and part of it is now apartments.

title: Park Rapids, Minnesota


text:
Barnstead, New Hampshire

Barnstead is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,915 at the 2020 census, up from 4,593 at the 2010 census. Home to the Suncook Lakes, Barnstead includes the villages of Center Barnstead, Barnstead Parade (identified as "Barnstead" on topographic maps) and South Barnstead.

History
The town was granted on May 20, 1727, by Lieutenant Governor John Wentworth to the Reverend Joseph Adams and others. Settlement commenced in 1765, and two years later Barnstead was incorporated as a town by Governor John Wentworth. Many of the settlers came from Barnstable, Massachusetts, and Hempstead, New York—the name is taken from these two.

Although not mountainous, the terrain forms large swells, good for grazing. By 1830, when the population was 2,047, the town contained about 2,500 sheep. Farmers found the soil easy to cultivate and productive. The Suncook River and its tributaries provided water power for mills. By 1859, industries included a woolen cloth factory, seven sawmills, four shingle mills, four clapboard mills, one grooving machine, one turning machine, and two tanneries. Barnstead manufactured large amounts of lumber, which it supplied to neighboring towns.

Barnstead was served in 1874 by the Concord and Rochester Railroad, and an extension of the Suncook Valley Railroad was being planned.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 116.4 sqkm, of which 111.5 km2 are land and 4.9 km2 are water, comprising 4.2% of the town. The highest point in Barnstead is 1190 ft above sea level along the town's northern border, near the community of Locke's Corner. Drained by the Suncook River, Barnstead lies fully within the Merrimack River watershed.

New Hampshire Route 28 traverses the town from north to south, connecting Alton and Wolfeboro to the north with Pittsfield and Suncook to the south. New Hampshire Route 126 begins in Center Barnstead and travels southeast to Strafford and Barrington. New Hampshire Route 107 cuts through the western corner of Barnstead, leading from Pittsfield in the south to Laconia in the north.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Alton (north)
 * Strafford (east)
 * Pittsfield (south)
 * Gilmanton (west)

Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 3,886 people, 1,422 households, and 1,096 families residing in the town. The population density was 92.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,994 housing units at an average density of 47.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.74% White, 0.62% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 1,422 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $47,449, and the median income for a family was $49,404. Males had a median income of $34,130 versus $24,904 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,773. About 2.8% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government
In the New Hampshire Senate, Barnstead is in the 6th District, represented by Republican James Gray. On the Executive Council of New Hampshire, Barnstead is in the 2nd District, represented by Democrat Cinde Warmington. In the United States House of Representatives, Barnstead is in New Hampshire's 1st congressional district, represented by Democrat Chris Pappas.

Education
Barnstead has one elementary school (Barnstead Elementary School), serving pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. High school students go to Prospect Mountain High School, a regional high school in the neighboring town of Alton.

Notable people

 * Russell Banks (1940–2023), novelist, poet; lived in Barnstead as a child
 * Harriet Patience Dame (1815–1900), nurse during the Civil War, born in Barnstead
 * Fanny E. Minot (1847–1919), born in Barnstead; national president Woman's Relief Corps
 * S. Millett Thompson (?–1911), Union Army second lieutenant during the Civil War
 * Harrison Thyng (1918–1983), US Air Force brigadier general
 * Hiram A. Tuttle (1837–1911), merchant, 43rd Governor of New Hampshire

title: Barnstead, New Hampshire


text:
China Airlines

China Airlines (CAL; ) is the state-owned flag carrier of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is one of Taiwan's two major airlines, along with EVA Air. It is headquartered in Taoyuan International Airport and operates over 1,400 flights weekly – including 91 pure cargo flights – to 102 cities across Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. Carrying nearly 20 million passengers and 5700 tons of cargo in 2017, the carrier was the 33rd largest airline in the world in terms of revenue passenger kilometers (RPK) and 10th largest in terms of freight revenue ton kilometers (FRTK).

China Airlines is owned by China Airlines Group, which is headquartered at CAL Park and also operates China Airlines Cargo, a member of SkyTeam Cargo, which operates a fleet of freighter aircraft and manages its parent airline's cargo-hold capacity. Its sister airlines include Mandarin Airlines, which operates flights to domestic and low-demand regional destinations, and Tigerair Taiwan, which is a low-cost carrier established by China Airlines and Singaporean airline group Tigerair Holdings but is now wholly owned by China Airlines Group.

Formation and early years (1959–1970)

With a fleet of two PBY Amphibians, China Airlines was established on December 16, 1959, with its shares completely held by the Republic of China government. It was founded by I Fuen, a retired air force officer, and initially concentrated on charter flights. During the 1960s, China Airlines was able to establish its first scheduled routes. In October 1962, a flight from Taipei to Hualien became the airline's first domestic service. Later, the airline introduced international flights to South Vietnam, Hong Kong, and Japan. With the airline's first two Boeing 707 aircraft, trans-Pacific flights to San Francisco via Tokyo were initiated on February 2, 1970. The expansion of the company's 707 fleet also permitted more services in South-east Asia, North-east Asia, and North America (via Japan and Hawaii).

International expansion (1970–1995)
Following the standard utilization of the wide-body 747 on the highly profitable Trans-Pacific – USA routes, China Airlines introduced its first two 747-100s (ex-Delta Air Lines aircraft) in 1976 and immediately placed them on its Hong Kong-Taipei-Tokyo-Honolulu-Los Angeles route. Shortly thereafter, four brand new Boeing 747SPs (Special Performance) were introduced in 1977. In 1975, three years after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and China, all flights between Taiwan and Japan were suspended, and not resumed until the following year. The 747SP aircraft made it possible for China Airlines to fly daily nonstop services from Taipei to its North American destinations without stopping over in Japan. It also allowed the airline to introduce flights to Saudi Arabia and South Africa. In 1979, the airline switched all operations from the smaller Taipei Songshan Airport to the newly built Chiang Kai-Shek International Airport (now Taoyuan International Airport). Following the introduction of 747-200s, the airline introduced its first European destination, Amsterdam.

In 1978, with all airlines relocating to Narita International Airport (then New Tokyo International Airport), China Airlines was the sole foreign carrier to use Haneda, which at the time was an exclusive domestic facility; the premise being that air carriers from the PRC and Taiwan were prevented from crossing paths at any Japanese airports. EVA Air joined China Airlines later on, although both eventually moved to Narita, with CAL moving on April 18, 2002.

The next 20 years saw sporadic but far-reaching growth for the company. Later, the airline inaugurated its own round-the-world flight: (Taipei-Anchorage-New York-Amsterdam-Dubai-Taipei).

On February 8, 1990, China Airlines received the first of its initial five Boeing 747-400s (B-161). 1993 saw the airline listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The new 747-400s and an earlier order with Airbus for over a dozen A300B4 and A300-600Rs wide body regional jets allowed for addition destination growth. During the 1990s, China Airlines also bought the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and had to compete with a new competitor, EVA Air. They also founded another airline to deal with the PRC-ROC dispute which borrowed aircraft from China Airlines itself. One of China Airlines's 747-400s (B-164) was also used by President Lee Tung-hui during his trip to the United States in June 1995.

Change of logo and livery (1995–2010)
As the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s flag carrier, China Airlines has been affected by disputes over the political status of Republic of China (Taiwan), and under pressure from the Chinese Communist Party, was barred from flying into a number of countries maintaining diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China ("Mainland China"). As a result, in the mid-1990s, China Airlines subsidiary Mandarin Airlines took over some of its Sydney and Vancouver international routes. Starting from October 7, 1995, partly as a way to avoid the international controversy, China Airlines unveiled its "plum blossom" logo, replacing the national flag which had previously appeared on the tail fins (empennage), and the aircraft livery from the red-white-blue national colours on the fuselage of its aircraft. The plum blossom (Prunus mume) is the Republic of China's National Flower.

Throughout the 1990s, the airline employed many ex-ROC Air Force pilots. Due to the company's poor safety record in the 1990s, China Airlines began to change its pilot recruitment practices and the company began to actively recruit civilian-trained pilots with proven track records. In addition, the company began recruiting university graduates as trainees in its own pilot training program. The company also modified its maintenance and operational procedures. These decisions were instrumental in the company's improved safety record, culminating in the company's recognition by the IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA).

During the 1990s and early 2000s, China Airlines placed orders for various airliners including the Airbus A330, Airbus A340, Boeing 737-800, as well as for additional 747-400s (both the passenger and freighter version).

Due to improving cross-strait relations, the first cross-strait charter flights between Taiwan and China were introduced in 2003, with China Airlines' flight 585, operated by a Boeing 747-400, being the first Taiwanese flight to legally land in China. (The aircraft took off from Taipei Chiang Kai-Shek (now Taoyuan) Airport, stopped over at Hong Kong Airport, and landed at Shanghai Pudong Airport.) In 2005, the first nonstop cross-strait charter flights were initiated, with China Airlines' flight 581 (Taoyuan Airport to Beijing Capital Airport) being the first flight of the program to depart from Taiwan. In 2008, the first regular weekend charter flights between Taiwan and China started operating, with daily charter flights introduced later in the year. In 2009, regularly scheduled cross-strait flights were finally introduced.

China Airlines signed an agreement to begin the process of joining airline alliance SkyTeam on September 14, 2010 and officially became a full member on September 28, 2011. This was marked by an update to the logo of the airline and the typeface in which "China Airlines" is printed. The carrier was the first Taiwanese airline to join an airline alliance.

Since 2012, China Airlines has been participating in the Pacific Greenhouse Gases Measurement (PGGM) Project, led by the Environmental Protection Administration, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Central University. As part of the collaboration, China Airlines installed "In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS)" on three aircraft: B-18806 (Airbus A340-300) in June 2012, B-18317 (Airbus A330-300) in July 2016, and B-18316 (Airbus A330-300) in July 2017. B-18806 also wore "The Official Airline for Climate Monitoring" special livery. Between July 2012 and September 2017, the PGGM fleet collected greenhouse gases-data from a total of 4682 flights. In May 2017, B-18806 was retired. B-18316 and B-18317 are expected to continue collecting data until 2027.

In December 2013, China Airlines announced its new joint venture with Singaporean low-cost carrier Tigerair Holdings (now defunct and replaced by Budget Aviation Holdings) to establish Tigerair Taiwan. The new airline flew its inaugural flight to Singapore on September 26, 2014, and became the first, and currently only, Taiwanese low-cost carrier. Tigerair Holdings previously held 10 percent of the shares. As disputes unfolded surrounding the partnership, China Airlines Group re-negotiated with Tigerair Holdings and has now taken full ownership of Tigerair Taiwan.

In March 2014, China Airlines announced the "NexGen (Next Generation)" plan to complement its then-upcoming Boeing 777-300ER and Airbus A350-900XWB. Designed to refresh the brand image of the carrier, the plan included product innovations, new uniforms, and fleet replacements. Through cooperating with designers from the Greater China region, the carrier hoped to introduce unique product offerings that could showcase the beauty of the Orient and the cultural creativity of Taiwan. The first phase of the plan has been completed. In addition to new cabin designs, also introduced were the renovated Dynasty Lounges at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and the debut of new William Chang-designed uniforms. The new fleet types allowed the retirement of older aircraft; the A340-300 fleet was fully retired in June 2017 while the 747-400 has been fully replaced on long-haul routes. With the First Class-equipped 747s flying regionally and new long-haul aircraft not featuring First Class, China Airlines terminated First Class services in 2016. First Class seats are now sold as Business Class.

Future phases of the NexGen plan include ordering new aircraft to replace older fleet types. In May 2019, the airline announced that it will be introducing the Airbus A321neo, including 14 leased, 11 purchased, and 5 options, along with 3 orders and 3 options for the Boeing 777F. The A321neo will replace the Boeing 737-800 while 777Fs will replace the Boeing 747-400F. Cabin design on the A321neo will continue the NexGen design ethos to provide passenger experience cohesive with that of the 777 and A350.

Focus has also been put on tapping the maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) market. In January 2015, China Airlines established Taiwan Aircraft Maintenance & Engineering Co. (TAMECO), an airline MRO company focusing on Boeing 737, 777, and Airbus A320, A330/A340, and A350XWB families fuselage maintenance. For the project, Airbus is providing a wide range of support, one of which is inviting China Airlines to join the Airbus MRO Alliance (AMA), alongside AAR Corp, Aeroman, Sabena technics, Etihad Airways Engineering, and GAMECO. Moreover, a joint-venture agreement has been signed with Tulsa-based Nordam, specializing in nacelle, thrust reversers, and composite materials, to establish the only Nordam repair center in Asia. The first TAMECO hangar, to be completed in March 2019, will be able to accommodate 2 777/A350 and 3 737/A320 at the same time.

Labor-management unrest has been a major issue at China Airlines over recent years. On June 25, 2016, the Taoyuan Flight Attendants Union, representing some 2,500 cabin crew, staged the first strike in Taiwanese aviation history. A total of 122 passenger flights were cancelled during the day-long strike. During the 2019 Lunar New Year season, over 600 pilots participated in a 7-day strike by the Taoyuan Union of Pilots. Over 200 flights were cancelled between February 8 and 14.

In July 2020, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China passed a resolution for the Ministry of Transportation and Communications to rename the airline and redesign its liveries due to frequent confusion with Air China.

Headquarters

China Airlines has its headquarters, CAL Park, on the grounds of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Dayuan District (formerly Dayuan Township), Taoyuan City (formerly Taoyuan County). CAL Park, located at the airport entrance, forms a straight line with Terminal 1, Terminal 2, and the future Terminal 3.

Previously China Airlines had its headquarters and facilities on the east side of Taipei Songshan Airport, in the China Airlines Building on Nanjing E. Road, and at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. The functions were consolidated following the completion of CAL Park. The Taipei Branch Office of the airline remains at the China Airlines Building in downtown Taipei.

Livery and uniforms
Prior to introducing the current plum blossom livery in 1995, the livery of China Airlines featured the flag of Republic of China (Taiwan) on the tail due to commercial and political reasons. The common practice after the move to Taiwan in 1949 was for related enterprises to have the Taiwanese flag. In the 1990s, the airline management stated to the South China Morning Post that the logo change to the flower was not because of politics. Han Cheung of the Taipei Times wrote that "the change was reportedly made so that the airline could keep flying to Hong Kong after the 1997 handover to China."

In 2011, the carrier made alterations to its logo as part of refreshing the brand image, unveiled during SkyTeam joining ceremony in September 28. A new font was chosen for the company name and a new approach was taken for the appearance of the plum blossom trademark.

China Airlines has had many uniforms since its establishment in 1959. The current uniform was designed by Hong Kong-based costume designer William Chang and introduced in 2015 to celebrate the carrier entering a "NexGen" Next Generation Era.

Marketing slogans
China Airlines has used different slogans throughout its operational history. In 2006, the current slogan was introduced to complement the new uniforms and to celebrate its 47th anniversary. China Airlines' slogans have been as follows:
 * We treasure every encounter (1987–1995)
 * We blossom everyday (1995–2006)
 * Journey with a caring smile (2006)
 * Expect The Coming Greatness (approximately 2016) a slogan featured on marketing material distributed at the San Francisco Orchid Society's Pacific Orchid Expedition, of which China Airlines was a sponsor. The marketing material also referenced “China Airlines presents newly retrofitted Boeing 747-400.”
 * Expect The Coming Greatness (approximately 2016) a slogan featured on marketing material distributed at the San Francisco Orchid Society's Pacific Orchid Expedition, of which China Airlines was a sponsor. The marketing material also referenced “China Airlines presents newly retrofitted Boeing 747-400.”

Name issues
The name China Airlines reflects Taiwan's official name, the Republic of China. This became an issue during the COVID-19 pandemic when foreign officials and the international press mistakenly identified a number of China Airlines flights repatriating Taiwanese citizens or bringing medical supplies to afflicted countries as related to the People's Republic of China rather than the Republic of China. In April 2020 Premier Su Tseng-chang voiced support for changing the name but said that it might come at the cost of the nation's aviation rights. The Premier announced the China Airlines would highlight Taiwan on the fuselage of planes delivering COVID-19 related medical supplies.

Special liveries
The first China Airlines special livery, the "Taiwan Touch Your Heart" tourism-promotional livery, was introduced in 2003. The project was a collaboration between the carrier and the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan. However, the plane was painted back to the normal livery before it left the hangar. Currently, China Airlines has a total of 9 special livery aircraft in service.

Planes currently carrying hybrid liveries:
 * B-18007 (Boeing 777-300ER) – World's first co-branded Boeing 777
 * B-18918 (Airbus A350-900) – First aircraft in the world to use an Airbus co-branded livery.

Plane once carrying a hybrid livery:
 * B-18210 (Boeing 747-400) – Nicknamed 'Blue Whale'; first aircraft in the world to use Boeing's co-branded livery on the 747-400

"Flying Ambassador of Taiwan” series
In 2016, China Airlines announced that the Airbus A350-900 fleet will have a naming theme that combines endemic birds and unique features of Taiwan. The first two A350s were named Mikado pheasant and Taiwan blue magpie by the airline. The names of the remaining 12 aircraft were selected by the Taiwanese public online from a total of 24 choices.

Planes currently part of the series:
 * B-18901 (Airbus A350-900) – Named and decorated after Mikado pheasant
 * B-18908 (Airbus A350-900) – Named and decorated after Taiwan blue magpie

Skyteam alliance livery
China Airlines has two aircraft painted in the SkyTeam alliance livery:
 * B-18311 (Airbus A330-300) – Previously wore the "Sweet" Fruit livery

Plane once part of the series:
 * B-18206 (Boeing 747-400) – First Boeing 747 to wear the Skyteam livery
 * B-18211 (Boeing 747-400)

Pokémon Jet
China Airlines unveiled the first Pokémon Jet in Taiwan as a part of "Pokémon Air Adventures", a collaboration project with The Pokémon Company. The aircraft is a Airbus A321neo dubbed "Pikachu Jet CI", in which Pikachu is the main character of the jet. The jet will have Pokémon themed check in tickets, in flight items and merchandises.

Planes currently part of the series:

 * B-18101 (Airbus A321neo) - Featuring Pikachu (main character), Shaymin, Swablu, Togekiss, Munna, Jigglypuff, Snorlax, Slowpoke and Teddiursa

50th Anniversary series
In 2009, China Airlines decorated one plane of each of its plane types with the "50th Anniversary" logo. All planes of the series now wear the regular corporate livery or another special livery.

Planes once part of this series:
 * B-18208 (Boeing 747-400)
 * B-18312 (Airbus A330-300)
 * B-18606 (Boeing 737-800)
 * B-18725 (Boeing 747-400F)
 * B-18806 (Airbus A340-300) – Later wore the "Official Airline for Climate Monitoring" livery until its retirement

Taiwanese culture and creativity series
In 2013, China Airlines revealed plans to start a series of Taiwan-themed special livery aircraft. The carrier collaborated with Taiwanese artists, cultural workers, and the Tourism Bureau to design the special liveries.

Planes once part of this series:
 * B-18203 (Boeing 747-400) – Love & Hug livery, in collaboration with illustrator Jimmy Liao
 * B-18358 (Airbus A330-300) – "Masalu! Taiwan" livery, in collaboration with Paiwan artist Sakuliu Pavavaljung and the Council of Indigenous Peoples
 * B-18361 (Airbus A330-300) – "Cloud Gate Dance Theater" livery, in collaboration with Cloud Gate Dance Theater

60th Anniversary series
In 2019, China Airlines entered its sixtieth year of operations. As part of the celebrations, the airline announced plans to decorate one aircraft from each of its fleet type with special 60th Anniversary stickers. The logo consisted of the number "60" in China Airlines' corporate colors, blue and red. The design also resembled "GO" and the infinity symbol "∞". All planes of the series now wear the regular corporate livery.

Planes once part of this series:
 * B-18917 (Airbus A350-900)
 * B-18701 (Boeing 747-400F)
 * B-18006 (Boeing 777-300ER)
 * B-18317 (Airbus A330-300)
 * B-18659 (Boeing 737-800) – Previously painted in "Taichung" livery
 * B-18210 (Boeing 747-400) – Previously painted in Boeing co-branded livery

Other retired special liveries

 * B-18209 (Boeing 747-400) – "Taiwan Touch Your Heart" livery, in collaboration with the Tourism Bureau
 * B-18305 (Airbus A330-300) – Butterfly Orchid livery, in collaboration with the Council of Agriculture
 * B-18311 (Airbus A330-300) – "Sweet" Fruit livery, in collaboration with the Council of Agriculture; currently wearing Skyteam livery
 * B-18355 (Airbus A330-300) – "Welcome to Taiwan" livery, in collaboration with the Tourism Bureau
 * B-18610 (Boeing 737-800) – Lavender livery, commemorating launch of Sapporo flights
 * B-18806 (Airbus A340-300) – "The Official Airline for Climate Monitoring" livery for the Pacific Greenhouse Gases Measurement (PGGM) Project; previously painted in "50th Anniversary" livery
 * B-18659 (Boeing 737-800) – "Taichung" livery, in collaboration with Taichung World Flora Exposition; leased to its subsidiary Mandarin Airlines until 2019; currently wearing "60th Anniversary" livery
 * B-18657 (Boeing 737-800) – "Buddy Bears" livery, in collaboration with Tourism Bureau, Kaohsiung City Government and Kumamoto Prefecture; featuring Taiwanese and Japanese cartoon bears OhBear (Taiwan), Hero (Kaohsiung) and Kumamon (Kumamoto) along with famous landmarks from Kaohsiung and Kumamoto.

Destinations

China Airlines currently operates over 1,400 flights weekly (including pure cargo flights) to 178 airports in 29 countries on 4 continents as of January 31, 2024 (excluding codeshare; brackets indicate future destinations). Japan is the most important market of the carrier, with over 180 flights weekly from multiple points in Taiwan to 14 Japanese destinations.

China Airlines has its largest hub at Taoyuan International Airport, which is the largest airport in Taiwan and is located near the national capital of Taipei. China Airlines operate out of both Terminal 1 and 2 at the airport. Operations to Europe, India, Korea, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia are located at Terminal 1 while those to China, Japan, North America and Oceania are located at Terminal 2. Additionally, China Airlines and its domestic subsidiary Mandarin Airlines operate numerous flights out of Kaohsiung International Airport and Taipei Songshan Airport, the downtown airport of Taipei. International flights from Songshan Airport to three Northeast Asian downtown airports, namely Tokyo–Haneda, Seoul–Gimpo, and Shanghai–Hongqiao, have important significance to the carrier as the routes form a Northeast Asia Golden Flight Circle.

The expansion of China Airlines international presence has long been limited by the political status of Taiwan. Flights to Mainland China were not permitted until 2003, when the carrier's Chinese New Year charter flight 585 from Taipei-Taoyuan to Shanghai–Pudong via Hong Kong made China Airlines the first Taiwanese carrier to legally land in Chinese mainland and the first carrier to legally fly between the two areas after their split during the civil war. The carrier operated occasional cross-strait charter flights for another few years until 2008, when regular charters flights started. In 2009, a new air service agreement allowed China Airlines to start regularly scheduled flights to the Mainland. Since then, China has quickly become the second-largest market for China Airlines, with over 130 flights to 33 destinations across the Mainland.

In September 2022, China Airlines announced the resumption of flights to Bali, the popular Indonesian tourist destination as the travel industry started recovering from the COVID-19 impact.

Route plans
Over the period between 2011 and 2015, China Airlines focused on strengthening its regional network; starting 2015 until 2020, the carrier is strengthening and expanding its European, North American, and Oceanian network with the new long-haul fleet. After upgrading all its European routes to nonstop services, in late 2017, the carrier launched four weekly services to London Gatwick Airport. However, due to COVID-19 pandemic, flights to London were routed to Heathrow Airport. Although it was planned to move back to Gatwick in March 2021, but China Airlines opted to remain serving Heathrow as their scheduled London operation. In France, as China Airlines does not have rights to operate flights to Paris, the airline cooperated with SkyTeam-partner Air France to launch nonstop flights to the French capital on Air France's airplanes in April 2018. China Airlines sells 40% of the seats on the flight. In July 2023, a twice-weekly service to Prague was launched. In America, daily flights were launched between Taipei and Ontario International Airport in Greater Los Angeles in March 2018. Additionally, the carrier has expressed interests in launching European destinations such as Barcelona, Madrid and Warsaw; in North America, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Seattle, Montréal, and Toronto.

Regarding its regional network, China Airlines is actively supporting the "New Southward Policy" of the Taiwanese government by adding frequencies to Southeast Asia. On the other hand, Mainland routes are being downsized due to tense cross-strait relations.

Codeshare agreements
China Airlines codeshares with the following airlines:

 * Air Europa
 * Air France
 * Bangkok Airways
 * British Airways
 * China Eastern Airlines
 * China Southern Airlines
 * Czech Airlines
 * Delta Air Lines
 * Garuda Indonesia
 * Hawaiian Airlines
 * ITA Airways
 * Japan Airlines
 * KLM
 * Korean Air
 * Malaysia Airlines
 * Philippine Airlines
 * Qantas
 * Royal Brunei Airlines
 * Shanghai Airlines
 * Vietnam Airlines
 * WestJet
 * XiamenAir

Deutsche Bahn (DB) is the only non-airline codeshare partner of China Airlines. The CI code is placed on seven Frankfurt-initiating DB routes, including those to Cologne, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich, Nuremberg, and Stuttgart. Additionally, China Airlines is planning on codesharing with British Airways. Initial agreements have been struck to cooperate from Taipei-Taoyuan to London-Heathrow and beyond.

Current fleet
, China Airlines operates the following aircraft:

Renewal plans
In May 2019, China Airlines announced that it will be introducing the Airbus A321neo to replace its Boeing 737-800 fleet. The airline will take delivery of 25 A321neos, including 14 leased and 11 purchased, starting 2021. The order with Airbus also includes the option for 5 more of the type.

China Airlines also has options for 6 A350s. Decision to switch the options to firm orders will be based upon the performance of the aircraft on European nonstop routes. The airline has taken a cautious attitude towards ordering the larger A350-1000 variant due to the large capacity.

Regarding the Airbus A330-300, replacement plans have been underway since 2017. Previously in 2016, a retrofit program was announced to upgrade the in-flight products on the A330. The plan was suspended indefinitely in favor of ordering and leasing new aircraft. On August 30, 2022, the airline announced its decision to order Boeing 787-9 for A330-300 replacement; either Boeing 777-9 and/or Airbus A350-1000 to replace 777-300ER is still under consideration. On September 29, 2022, China Airlines made a purchase order for 16 Boeing 787-9 wide-body aircraft.

Retirement plans
In June 2017, China Airlines completed the retirement of its entire Airbus A340-300 fleet and all Boeing 747-400 delivered before 2004. It has also phased out most Boeing 737-800 delivered before 2014. The retired A340-300 and Boeing 747-400 are either stored at the aircraft boneyard at Victorville Airport or sold. All stored passenger aircraft are to be sold eventually. The last of the newer Boeing 747-400 passenger fleet with the General Electric CF6 engines was retired in March 2021.

Cargo fleet plans
China Airlines Cargo, the freight division of China Airlines, currently operates a fleet of 21 freighters to 33 destinations across Asia, Europe and North America. The division also utilizes the cargo space on passenger aircraft of the group. In May 2019, China Airlines signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Boeing for 3 orders and 3 options of the Boeing 777F. The 3 options were later changed to firm order. The 777F will partially replace the 747-400F fleet. In January 2022 an order for 4 more 777F aircraft was placed. In August 2022, the airlines said that Airbus A350F and Boeing 777-8F are both candidates for its next-gen freighters replacing the rest of the 747-400F fleet.

Dynasty Flyer
Dynasty Flyer is China Airlines' frequent flyer program. There are four tiers where three elite tiers are Gold, Emerald, and Paragon. Members can qualify for these elite tiers by earning enough air miles and/or segments within 12 calendar months. Elite members have more privileges such as access to the VIP Lounge, a higher checked baggage allowance, and being able to upgrade their ticket to a different cabin.

Greater China Connection
In January 2013, SkyTeam-members China Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, and XiamenAir announced plans to establish Greater China Connection. The partnership ensures that members flying the four airlines can enjoy matched benefits and freely change flights to any Greater China Connection partner-flights.

Dynasty Lounges
China Airlines' airline lounges are branded as "Dynasty Lounge". There are a total of 9 China Airlines lounges (including 1 Mandarin Airlines lounge in Taichung) at 7 different airports. Lounge services at other China Airlines destinations are offered by SkyTeam, partner airlines, or local operators. Dynasty Lounge is available to Business Class passengers and Dynasty Flyer Gold, Emerald, and Paragon cardholders. Two-section lounges include an Exclusive Area, for Dynasty Flyer Emerald and Paragon cardholders, and a Business Class Area, for Business Class passengers and Dynasty Flyer Gold cardholders.

Dynasty Lounge features vary by location. Services typically include meals, refreshments, free Wi-Fi access, computers, televisions, publications, shower facilities, and breast-feeding rooms. Sleeping quarters and tea bars are featured at the newly renovated Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 1 lounge, which was designed by Taiwanese architect Ray Chen.

Location of Dynasty Lounges:
 * Taipei Taoyuan International Terminal 1
 * Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 2 (near Gate D4)
 * Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 2 (previously branded as Dynasty Supreme Lounge)
 * Kaohsiung International Airport
 * Kuala Lumpur International Airport
 * Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport
 * Tokyo Narita International Airport Terminal 2
 * Honolulu International Airport
 * San Francisco International Airport

Skyteam Lounge Hong Kong
At Hong Kong International Airport Terminal 1, China Airlines utilises the SkyTeam alliance lounge, in which the carrier, alliance partner China Eastern Airlines, and Plaza Premium Lounge lead the designing, management, and operations. The 1,038 square meters lounge is located near Gate 5 and provides a total of 230 seats.

Private bus services in the United States
In the United States, China Airlines operates private bus services in selected cities to transport customers between their residing location and the airport.

In Greater New York, the airline operates a bus to John F. Kennedy International Airport from Fort Lee, Parsippany-Troy Hills, and Edison in northern New Jersey, and several points in Greater Philadelphia, including Cherry Hill, New Jersey, North Philadelphia, and South Philadelphia. In Los Angeles, a bus transports customers between Los Angeles International Airport, Monterey Park and Rowland Heights.

Previously, the airline operated buses for travelers in San Francisco, Houston and Abu Dhabi. The San Francisco buses transported customers to/from Milpitas and Cupertino. The Houston bus service served Sugar Land and Southwest Houston Chinatown.

Subsidiaries and associates
China Airlines has diversified into related industries and sectors, including ground handling, aviation engineering, and inflight catering.

In 2022 China Airlines opened a major MRO facility at Taoyuan International Airport in a joint venture with Nordam.

Companies with a major China Airlines Group stake include:

Incidents and accidents
Between 1994 and 2002, China Airlines suffered four fatal accidents, three of which each resulted in more than 200 deaths. The accidents contributed to the perception of the airline having a poor reputation for safety. Since then, the airline's safety record has seen an improvement. In 2007, in an article published after the explosion of Flight 120, The Wall Street Journal quoted analysts as saying the airline has had "a marked improvement in safety and operational performance since 2002", with the mid-air disintegration of Flight 611 being "a catalyst for an overhaul" in its safety practices.

1969

 * January 2: Flight 227, operated by a Douglas C-47A (B-309), struck the side of Mount Dawu (, elevation 3090 m), Taiwan after encountering turbulence and a downdraft. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Taitung Airport to Kaohsiung International Airport. All 24 passengers and crew were killed.

1970s

 * August 12, 1970: Flight 206, operated by a NAMC YS-11A (B-156), struck a ridge in thick fog while on approach to Taipei, killing 14 of 31 on board.
 * November 20, 1971: Flight 825, operated by a Sud Aviation Caravelle III (B-1852), blew up after a bomb on board exploded, causing the deaths of 25 people over the Penghu Islands.
 * March 26, 1975: Douglas C-47A (B-1553) crashed at Kompong Som following a mid-air collision with a Cessna L-19 Bird Dog.
 * March 9, 1978: China Airlines Flight 831, operated by a Boeing 737 (B-1870) was hijacked at Hong Kong, the aircraft landed safely at Kai Tak Airport where the hijacker was killed, the aircraft was also involved in China Airlines Flight 2265.
 * September 11, 1979: Boeing 707-320C (B-1834), crashed shortly after take-off from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport during a training flight, killing all six crew on board.

1980s

 * February 27, 1980: China Airlines Flight 811, operated by a Boeing 707-309C (B-1826), crashed short of the runway at Manila International Airport, killing two of 135 on board. The same route with the same flight number was the scene of an assassination of a Filipino politician three years later.

 * August 21, 1983: China Airlines Flight 811, operated by a Boeing 767-200 (B-1836) from Taipei, landed in Manila International Airport. A passenger on board the flight, Philippine opposition senator Benigno Aquino Jr., was returning from a self-imposed exile in the United States, only to be assassinated after being escorted from the aircraft.
 * February 19, 1985: Flight 006, operated by a Boeing 747SP (N4522V), performed an uncontrolled descent over the Pacific Ocean, resulting in substantial damage to the aircraft.
 * February 16, 1986: Flight 2265, operated by a Boeing 737-200 (B-1870), crashed 19.3 km off Makung, Penghu, killing 13. During landing, a nose-wheel tire blew. The crew performed a go-around during which the aircraft crashed; the wreckage was located on March 10 in 190 feet of water.
 * May 3, 1986: Flight 334, operated by a Boeing 747-200F (B-198), was hijacked by its pilot, who landed the aircraft in Guangzhou, where he defected. The ROC government sent a delegation to discuss with their mainland counterpart regarding the return of the aircraft and two remaining crew. The same aircraft crashed in 1991
 * October 26, 1989: Flight 204, operated by a Boeing 737-200 (B-180), struck a mountain near Hualien, Taiwan after the crew used the climb out procedure for a different runway, causing the aircraft to make a wrong turn. All 54 passengers and crew aboard were killed.

1990s

 * December 29, 1991: Flight 358, operated by a Boeing 747-200F (B-198, the same aircraft that was involved in the Flight 334 hijacking), hit a hillside near Wanli, Taiwan after separation of its No.3 & 4 engines, killing all five crew on board.
 * December 7, 1992: Flight 012, operated by a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 (B-150, which then crashed as Flight 642), suffered altitude loss due to turbulence at 33,000 feet near the town of Kushimoto, Japan. The aircraft recovered from the fall and continued to Anchorage, landing there uneventfully despite the loss of its control elevators, which had been ripped off during the incident.
 * November 4, 1993: Flight 605, operated by a recently delivered Boeing 747-400 (B-165), overran Kai Tak Airport runway 13 while landing during a typhoon. It had touched down more than 2/3 down the runway and was unable to stop before the end of the runway, finishing up in Hong Kong harbour. All 396 people on board were safely evacuated but the aircraft was written off. The vertical stabilizer was explosively removed to prevent interference with Kai Tak's Instrument Landing System (ILS).
 * April 26, 1994: Flight 140, operated by an Airbus A300 (B-1816), crashed while landing at Nagoya, Japan due to crew error, killing 264 of 271 on board.
 * February 16, 1998: Flight 676, an Airbus A300 crashed in a residential neighborhood in Taipei, Taiwan after requesting a go-around, killing all 196 people on board and 6 on the ground.
 * August 22, 1999: Flight 642, operated by a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 (B-150), flipped over while landing at Hong Kong Airport during a typhoon. Three people were killed.

2000s

 * May 25, 2002: Flight 611, operated by a Boeing 747-200B (B-18255), broke up in mid-air on the way to Chek Lap Kok International Airport in Hong Kong from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan. All 206 passengers and 19 crew members died. The aircraft was the last B747-200 in the airline's passenger fleet, which was to be sold to Orient Thai Airlines after it's return flight from Hong Kong. The cause was improper repair after a 1980 tail-strike incident in Hong Kong's Kai Tak Airport.
 * August 20, 2007: Flight 120, operated by a Boeing 737-800 (B-18616) inbound from Taipei, caught fire shortly after landing at Naha Airport in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. After stopping on the runway, the engine started smoking and burning, later exploding and causing the aircraft to catch fire. All passengers and crew were evacuated without serious injury; a ground engineer knocked over by the blast was unhurt. The cause of the fire was attributed to a fuel tank puncture from a loose right wing slat bolt.

2020s

 * January 28, 2022: Flight 5240, operated by a Boeing 747-400F (B-18715), sustained damage to its number 2 engine after skidding on the snow-covered ground and colliding with ground equipment at O'Hare International Airport.

title: China Airlines