text:
London Borough of Brent

Brent is a borough in north-west London, England. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Swaminarayan Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council.

Brent's population was estimated to be 339,800 as at 2021. Major districts are Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley and Harlesden, with sub-districts Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Queen's Park. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct suburban character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century Metroland developments.

Administrative history
The London Borough of Brent was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963, covering the combined area of the former Municipal Borough of Wembley and the Municipal Borough of Willesden. The area was transferred from Middlesex to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs.

The borough of Willesden had evolved from a local government district created in 1874 for the parish of Willesden. Such districts were reconstituted as urban districts under the Local Government Act 1894.

To coincide with the 1894 Act coming into force, an urban district called Wembley was created, covering the two parishes of Kingsbury and Wembley, the latter being created at the same time from areas formerly in the ancient parish of Harrow on the Hill. Kingsbury seceded from the Wembley Urban District in 1900 to become its own urban district, but was reunited with the Wembley Urban District in 1934. Willesden was incorporated to become a municipal borough in 1933, as was Wembley in 1937.

The modern borough takes its name from the River Brent which runs through the borough and separated the former boroughs of Wembley and Willesden.

Governance
The local authority is Brent Council, which is based at Brent Civic Centre in the Wembley Park area of the borough.

Greater London representation
Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly, the borough forms part of the Brent and Harrow constituency.

UK Parliament
The borough includes three parliamentary constituencies: Brent North, Brent Central and Hampstead and Kilburn, which includes part of the London Borough of Camden. Before the 2010 United Kingdom general election it was divided into three constituencies contained wholly within the borough – Brent South, Brent East and Brent North.

Demographics

In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough had a total population of 2,022. This rose slowly throughout the nineteenth century, as the district became built up; reaching 5,646 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth increased. The population took five decades to rebound to the more muted peak of the 1950s, when much industry relocated from London, further boosting the speed of the wave of new housing then built.

Brent is the most diverse locality in the UK by country of birth. It in 2019 became the only local authority with over 50% of residents, namely 52%, born abroad. Large Asian and Indian, Black African, Black Caribbean, Irish, and Eastern European communities exist. 45 per cent of the population was a minority ethnicity in the 1991 census, the most in England at the time. In 1991 17.2% were Indian, 10.2% were Black Caribbean and 9% were Irish. Brent was the only Outer London borough combining high proportions of Indian and Afro-Caribbean ethnicities.

The 2001 UK Census found that the borough had a population of 263,464 residents, of whom 127,806 were male, and 135,658 female. Of those stating a choice, 47.71% described themselves as Christian, 17.71% as Hindu, 12.26% as Muslim and 10% as having no religion. Among residents, 39.96% were in full-time employment and 7.86% in part-time employment – compared to a London average of 42.64% and 8.62%, respectively. Narrowly most residents included an owner-occupier in their household, with 23.17% of households owning their house outright, and a further 31.33% owning with a mortgage. 10.59% were in local authority housing, with a further 13.29% renting from a housing association, or other registered social landlord.

The 2021 census found that the borough has England and Wales's lowest proportion of people born in the UK, at 43.9%.

The borough of Brent is extremely ethnically diverse, having changed greatly since 1951. In the 2011 census, those who identified as White British made up 18% of the borough's population. 18% identified as other White, 5% were of mixed heritage, those of South Asian heritage comprised about 33%, those of African and Caribbean heritage about 19%, and other ethnic groups about 7%. White ethnicities were relatively high in the wards of Mapesbury (straddling Willesden Green and Cricklewood), Brondesbury Park, Queen's Park and Kilburn. Black ethnicities in highest proportion were in Stonebridge, Harlesden and Kensal Green wards. Asian ethnicities in highest proportion were in the wards of Alperton, Wembley Central and Kenton. Those who ethnically identify as BAME (Black, Asian and minority Ethnic) was as high as 86% in Wembley Central – one of the highest in London – and most other Brent wards have a majority BAME population. Queen's Park had the lowest BAME proportion, at 37.0%.

Brent has the highest proportion of Irish residents in Britain, with 4% of the population. It also has the largest Brazilian community in the UK; one of the largest Indian communities; a significant Afro-Caribbean community; and more recent Romanian, Polish and Somali communities.

Religion
As of 2011, 41.5% identified themselves as Christian, 18.6% Muslim, 17.8% Hindu and 10.6% with no religion. Brent is home of the Neasden Temple, once the largest Hindu Mandir outside India; and JFS, the largest Jewish school in Europe. There is also an Islamic school called Islamia Primary School founded by Cat Stevens.

The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Brent according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses.

Health
According to the House of Commons survey of female genital mutilation, in the year to 31 March 2016, Brent represented the highest number of attendees, by current residence or visiting location, to medical services, at 1250, 545 more than the next-highest local authority, Bristol.

In 2015, the BBC reported that some wards of Brent and four other London boroughs had rates of tuberculosis over ten times the national average, and higher than rates seen in Iraq and Rwanda.

Ethnicity
This table shows the stated ethnic group of respondents in the 1991 to 2021 censuses and estimates for 1966 and 1981 in Brent.

Geography
Major districts of Brent include Kilburn, Willesden and Wembley.

Climate
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).

Economy
Behind Tower Hamlets, Brent has the highest poverty rate in London after housing costs. It was the borough with the highest average unemployment rate in 2022 with 7%. More than one in three households live in poverty, 9% above the London average, and 14% above the England average.

Diageo has its head office in Park Royal and in Brent, on a former Guinness brewery property. The brewery was closed in 2004; it had produced beer since 1936. Diageo planned to move its head office to Brent from Central London when the lease on the Central London office expired in 2010.

Compulsory recycling
Recycling has been compulsory in Brent since 2008.

London Fire Brigade
Brent has three fire stations: Park Royal, Wembley and Willesden. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. Wembley National Stadium is in the borough; on match days the fire safety of over 90,000 people falls to the London Fire Brigade. The Wembley station covers the largest area in the borough, 19.1 km2. Two pumping appliances, a fire rescue unit and an aerial ladder platform are based there. Willesden, for its more typical area covered (10.5 km2), responded to over a thousand incidents in 2006/2007. Two pumping appliances reside there. Park Royal, with its one pumping appliance and an incident response unit covers 8.1 km2. Within the borough, 4,105 incidents occurred in 2006/2007.

Transport
Like most of northwest London, Brent is served extensively by the London Underground. 21 tube stations are located in Brent, all served by either the Metropolitan, Jubilee, Bakerloo or Piccadilly Lines. All of them are surface level, with the exception of Kilburn Park tube station in the southeast of the borough. This number is the second highest of all London boroughs behind Westminster, which has 32 stations within its boundaries. The numerous London Underground, London Overground and National Rail stations in the borough are:

 * Alperton tube station
 * Brondesbury railway station
 * Brondesbury Park railway station
 * Dollis Hill tube station
 * Harlesden station
 * Kensal Green station
 * Kenton station
 * Kilburn tube station
 * Kilburn Park tube station
 * Kingsbury tube station
 * Neasden tube station
 * North Wembley station
 * Northwick Park tube station
 * Preston Road tube station
 * Queensbury tube station
 * Queen's Park station
 * South Kenton station
 * Stonebridge Park station
 * Sudbury Town tube station
 * Sudbury & Harrow Road railway station
 * Wembley Central station
 * Wembley Park tube station
 * Wembley Stadium railway station
 * Willesden Green tube station
 * Willesden Junction station

Travel to work
In March 2011, the plurality of residents aged 16–74 were not in employment, 38.9%. After that, the main forms of transport to work were:
 * underground, metro, light rail, tram, 18.3%;
 * driving a car or van, 17.4%;
 * bus, minibus or coach, 11.5%;
 * on foot, 4.6%;
 * train, 4.5%;
 * work mainly at or from home, 2.6%;
 * bicycle, 1.7%.

Landmarks

 * Wembley Stadium
 * Wembley Arena
 * Neasden Temple
 * Jubilee clock Harlesden
 * Brent Civic Centre
 * Shree Swaminarayan Temple, Kingsbury

Parks and open spaces

 * Roe Green Park
 * Fryent Country Park
 * Queen's Park
 * Roundwood Park
 * Tiverton Green
 * Gladstone Park
 * Barham Park
 * One Tree Hill Park
 * Maybank Open Space
 * King Edward VII Park
 * Harlesden Town Garden

Sport and leisure
The Borough has three Non-League football clubs:
 * Tokyngton Manor F.C., which plays at Spratleys Meadow.
 * Wembley F.C., which plays at Vale Farm stadium
 * South Kilburn F.C. which plays at Vale Farm stadium.

Town twinning
Brent is twinned with:
 * 🇮🇪 South Dublin, Leinster, Ireland

Freedom of the Borough
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Brent.

Individuals

 * Nelson Mandela: 24 June 2013.

title: London Borough of Brent


text:
Yellowstone County, Montana

Yellowstone County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 164,731. Its county seat is Billings, the state's most populous city. Like the nearby park, Yellowstone County is named after the Yellowstone River which roughly bisects the county, flowing southwest to northeast. The river, in turn, was named for the yellow sandstone cliffs in what is now Yellowstone County.

Yellowstone County is included in the Billings, Montana Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2649 sqmi, of which 2633 sqmi is land and 16 sqmi (0.6%) is water.

Transit

 * Billings Metropolitan Transit
 * Express Arrow
 * Jefferson Lines

Adjacent counties

 * Musselshell County – north
 * Rosebud County – northeast
 * Treasure County – east
 * Big Horn County – southeast
 * Carbon County – southwest
 * Stillwater County – west
 * Golden Valley County – northwest

National protected areas

 * Nez Perce National Historical Park (part)
 * Pompeys Pillar National Monument

2020 census
As of the 2020 census there were 164,731 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 147,972 people, 60,672 households, and 38,367 families residing in the county. The population density was 56.2 PD/sqmi. There were 63,943 housing units at an average density of 24.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 90.7% white, 4.0% American Indian, 0.6% black or African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.2% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 32.4% were German, 14.0% were Irish, 11.3% were English, 10.0% were American, and 9.9% were Norwegian.

Of the 60,672 households, 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.8% were non-families, and 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age was 38.3 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $48,641 and the median income for a family was $62,380. Males had a median income of $42,899 versus $30,403 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,152. About 7.9% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Yellowstone County is rather conservative for an urban county. Its voters have been reliably Republican for the better part of a century. They have selected the Democratic Party candidate in only one national election since 1940 (as of 2020).

Cities

 * Billings (county seat)
 * Laurel

Town

 * Broadview

Census-designated places

 * Acton
 * Ballantine
 * Custer
 * Huntley
 * Lockwood
 * Mountain View Colony
 * Nibbe
 * Pompeys Pillar
 * Shepherd
 * Worden

Other unincorporated communities

 * Anita
 * Billings Heights
 * Bull Mountain
 * Comanche
 * Hesper
 * Homewood Park
 * Indian Arrow
 * Newton
 * Osborn
 * Yegen

Ghost towns

 * Coulson
 * Mossmain
 * Rimrock
 * Waco

Education
School districts include:

K-12 (unified):
 * Custer K-12 Schools
 * Huntley Project K-12 Schools
 * Lockwood K-12 Schools

High school districts:
 * Billings High School District
 * Broadview High School District
 * Laurel High School District
 * Shepherd High School District

Elementary school districts:
 * Billings Elementary School District
 * Blue Creek Elementary School District
 * Broadview Elementary School District
 * Canyon Creek Elementary School District
 * Elder Grove Elementary School District
 * Elysian Elementary School District
 * Independent Elementary School District
 * Laurel Elementary School District
 * Molt Elementary School District
 * Morin Elementary School District
 * Pioneer Elementary School District
 * Shepherd Elementary School District
 * Yellowstone Academy Elementary School District

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Yellowstone County, Montana


text:
Wibaux County, Montana

Wibaux County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 937, making it the fourth-least populous county in Montana. Its county seat is Wibaux.

History
Wibaux County was created by the Montana Legislature in 1914 from parts of Dawson, Fallon, and Richland Counties. The name comes from Pierre Wibaux (1858–1913), a late 19th-century cattle baron and friend of Theodore Roosevelt whose ranch was just over the border (in Dakota Territory, later North Dakota). According to legend, Pierre Wibaux's cowboys surrounded the town of Mingusville, and wouldn't let anyone enter or leave town unless they signed a petition changing the name of the town to Wibaux. Upon his death, his ashes were spread over a hill west of Wibaux. Today, a statue of Pierre Wibaux stands on that hill.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 890 sqmi, of which 889 sqmi is land and 0.7 sqmi (0.07%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in Montana by land area.

Adjacent counties

 * Richland County – north
 * Dawson County – northwest
 * Prairie County – west
 * Fallon County – south
 * Golden Valley County, North Dakota – east
 * McKenzie County, North Dakota – northeast

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-94.svg|20px]] Interstate 94
 * [[Image:US 10.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 10 (Former)
 * [[Image:MT-7.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 7

National protected area

 * Lamesteer National Wildlife Refuge

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 937 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 1,017 people, 457 households, and 281 families in the county. The population density was 1.1 PD/sqmi. There were 538 housing units at an average density of 0.6 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 97.6% white, 0.5% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.3% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 46.3% were German, 13.7% were Polish, 13.4% were Irish, 12.1% were American, 9.5% were English, 8.0% were Norwegian, and 5.3% were Dutch.

Of the 457 households, 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.1% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.5% were non-families, and 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.80. The median age was 49.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,417 and the median income for a family was $51,354. Males had a median income of $43,438 versus $24,821 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,579. About 7.2% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Wibaux County voters are reliably Republican. Since 1964 they have selected the Democratic Party candidate in only one national election (as of 2020).

Town

 * Wibaux (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

 * Carlyle
 * St. Phillip
 * Yates

title: Wibaux County, Montana


text:
Wheatland County, Montana

Wheatland County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,069. Its county seat is Harlowton. Wheatland County was established on February 22, 1917, with areas partitioned from Meagher and Sweet Grass counties. It was named for the abundant wheat-growing areas across the center portion of the new county's area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1428 sqmi, of which 1423 sqmi is land and 5.0 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 12.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 12
 * [[Image:US 191.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 191
 * [[Image:MT-3.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 3

Adjacent counties

 * Judith Basin County - north
 * Fergus County - north
 * Golden Valley County - east
 * Sweet Grass County - south
 * Meagher County - west

National protected area

 * Lewis and Clark National Forest (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 2,069 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 2,168 people, 887 households, and 538 families in the county. The population density was 1.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,197 housing units at an average density of 0.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 95.8% white, 0.6% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.4% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.5% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 35.2% were American, 22.7% were German, 14.1% were English, 11.5% were Irish, and 6.6% were Norwegian.

Of the 887 households, 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 39.3% were non-families, and 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age was 44.9 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,321 and the median income for a family was $41,161. Males had a median income of $30,769 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,474. About 5.1% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 27.6% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Wheatland County voters have selected the Republican Party candidate in every national election since 1964 (as of 2020).

Cities

 * Harlowton (county seat)
 * Judith Gap

Census-designated places

 * Duncan Ranch Colony
 * Martinsdale Colony
 * Shawmut
 * Springwater Colony
 * Twodot

Other unincorporated communities

 * Hedgesville
 * Living Springs

title: Wheatland County, Montana


text:
Valley County, Montana

Valley County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. Valley County was created in 1893 with area partitioned from Dawson County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,578. Its county seat is Glasgow. It is located on the Canada–United States border with Saskatchewan.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 5062 sqmi, of which 4926 sqmi is land and 136 sqmi (2.7%) is water. It is Montana's fourth-largest county by total area.

Major highways

 * [[Image:US 2.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 2
 * [[Image:MT-24.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 24
 * [[Image:MT-42.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 42
 * [[Image:MT-117.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 117
 * [[Image:MT-sec-248.svg|20px]] Montana Secondary Highway 248

Bus
Glasgow and the greater Valley County region are served by a non-profit taxi/bus service called Valley Country Transit.

Rail

 * Amtrak Empire Builder (Glasgow station)

Adjacent counties and rural municipalities

 * Phillips County - west
 * Garfield County - south
 * McCone County - south
 * Roosevelt County - east
 * Daniels County - east
 * Rural Municipality (RM) of Mankota No. 45, Saskatchewan (SK) - north
 * RM of Waverley No. 44, SK - north
 * RM of Old Post No. 43, SK - north

National protected area

 * Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Economy
Agriculture is the major economic activity of Valley County. The US Air Force operated Glasgow Air Force Base at St. Marie until 1976, which was a strong influence on the local economy until its closure.

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 7,578 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 7,369 people, 3,198 households, and 1,997 families living in the county. The population density was 1.5 PD/sqmi. There were 4,879 housing units at an average density of 1.0 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 87.0% white, 9.8% American Indian, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.3% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 33.4% were German, 27.9% were Norwegian, 12.4% were Irish, 10.3% were English, and 6.8% were American.

Of the 3,198 households, 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 37.6% were non-families, and 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age was 46.4 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,050 and the median income for a family was $54,096. Males had a median income of $40,802 versus $30,272 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,305. About 5.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.0% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Valley County voters vote reliably Republican in national elections. Since 1964, they have selected the Democratic Party candidate only once (1992, due to strong showing by third-party candidate Ross Perot, which split the Republican voters).

City

 * Glasgow (county seat)

Towns

 * Fort Peck
 * Nashua
 * Opheim

Census-designated places

 * Frazer
 * Hinsdale
 * St. Marie

Unincorporated communities

 * Baylor
 * Glentana
 * Larslan
 * Lustre
 * Miles Crossing
 * Oswego
 * Park Grove
 * Richland
 * Roanwood
 * Tampico
 * Vandalia
 * Whately
 * Wheeler

Ghost towns

 * Beaverton
 * Genevieve
 * Thoeny

title: Valley County, Montana


text:
Treasure County, Montana

Treasure County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 762, making it the second-least populous county in Montana. Its county seat is Hysham. The county was founded in 1919.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 984 sqmi, of which 977 sqmi is land and 6.6 sqmi (0.7%) is water. It is the fourth-smallest county in Montana by land area.

Major highways

 * (Former)
 * (Former)

Adjacent counties

 * Rosebud County - northeast
 * Big Horn County - south
 * Yellowstone County - west

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 762 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 718 people, 335 households, and 219 families residing in the county. The population density was 0.7 PD/sqmi. There were 422 housing units at an average density of 0.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 93.9% white, 0.8% American Indian, 0.4% Asian, 1.9% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.5% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 40.2% were American, 22.4% were German, 9.9% were English, 9.9% were Irish, and 7.4% were Norwegian.

Of the 335 households, 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 2.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.6% were non-families, and 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.67. The median age was 51.5 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,969 and the median income for a family was $51,458. Males had a median income of $38,194 versus $26,563 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,882. About 4.6% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Treasure County voters are reliably Republican. They have only selected the Democratic Party candidate in five national elections (as of 2021) during the century of the county's existence as an independent unit.

Town

 * Hysham (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

 * Bighorn, Montana
 * Myers
 * Sanders

Ghost town

 * Rancher

title: Treasure County, Montana


text:
Toole County, Montana

Toole County is a county in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,971. Its county seat is Shelby. The county was established in 1914 from parts of Hill County and Teton County and was named after Joseph Toole, the first and fourth governor of Montana. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border south of Alberta.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1946 sqmi, of which 1916 sqmi is land and 30 sqmi (1.5%) is water.

Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border. A part of its southern boundary by the southwestern county corner is formed by Marias River, which flows eastward through the southern part of the county. In the eastern part are several creeks, the largest of which is Willow, which rises in the Sweet Grass Hills and follows a southerly course through the county. In the Sweet Grass Hills and elsewhere indications of oil and gas have been found.

Major highways

 * I-15.svg Interstate 15 - connects to Alberta Highway 4 at Canadian border
 * US 2.svg U.S. Route 2

Adjacent counties

 * Glacier County - west
 * Pondera County - south
 * Liberty County - east
 * County of Warner No. 5, Alberta - north
 * County of Forty Mile No. 8, Alberta - northeast

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 4,971 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 5,324 people, 2,015 households, and 1,246 families in the county. The population density was 2.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,336 housing units at an average density of 1.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 92.0% white, 4.5% American Indian, 0.5% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.4% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 30.8% were German, 17.7% were Irish, 15.8% were English, 10.5% were Norwegian, and 3.6% were American.

Of the 2,015 households, 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.2% were non-families, and 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age was 41.5 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,949 and the median income for a family was $54,722. Males had a median income of $41,490 versus $32,582 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,464. About 11.3% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Toole County voters have only selected Republican Party candidates in national elections since 1964.

City

 * Shelby (county seat)

Towns

 * Kevin
 * Sunburst

Census-designated places

 * Camrose Colony
 * Hillside Colony
 * Rimrock Colony
 * Sweet Grass

Other unincorporated communities

 * Devon
 * Dunkirk
 * Ethridge
 * Ferdig
 * Galata
 * Gold Butte
 * Kippen
 * Naismith
 * Ohio Camp
 * Oilmont
 * Virden

Notable people

 * Earl W. Bascom (1906–1995), "Father of Modern Rodeo" and Hall of Fame cowboy, artist, sculptor, actor, inventor; cowboyed in the 1920s on a ranch on Kicking Horse Creek once owned by his cousin C.M. Russell
 * Charles M. Russell (1864–1926), cowboy artist and sculptor; ranched on Kicking Horse Creek near the Sweetgrass Hills; honored in the Hall of Great Westerners in Oklahoma City

title: Toole County, Montana


text:
Teton County, Montana

Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,226. Its county seat is Choteau. The county was founded in 1893.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2293 sqmi, of which 2272 sqmi is land and 20 sqmi (0.9%) is water.

Adjacent counties

 * Pondera County – north
 * Chouteau County – east
 * Cascade County – southeast
 * Lewis and Clark County – south
 * Flathead County – west

National protected area

 * Lewis and Clark National Forest (part)
 * Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 6,226 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 6,073 people, 2,450 households, and 1,643 families residing in the county. The population density was 2.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,892 housing units at an average density of 1.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.3% white, 1.4% American Indian, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.3% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 40.2% were German, 14.7% were Norwegian, 14.5% were Irish, 11.9% were English, 6.4% were Swedish, 6.0% were Dutch, and 4.3% were American.

Of the 2,450 households, 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.9% were non-families, and 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age was 45.8 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $39,516 and the median income for a family was $49,102. Males had a median income of $34,824 versus $24,419 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,509. About 11.0% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Teton County voters have not selected the Democratic Party candidate in a national election since 1964.

City

 * Choteau (county seat)

Towns

 * Dutton
 * Fairfield

Census-designated places

 * Bynum
 * Miller Colony
 * New Rockport Colony
 * Pendroy
 * Power
 * Rockport Colony

Unincorporated communities

 * Agawam

 * Blackleaf
 * Collins
 * Diamond Valley
 * Farmington
 * Golden Ridge
 * Koyl
 * Saypo

Notable people

 * Joe De Yong, artist, sculptor, illustrator, Hollywood movie technical advisor and protégé of Charles M. Russell; lived in Choteau, 1924
 * John Edward Erickson, Teton County Attorney (1897–1905), governor of Montana

title: Teton County, Montana


text:
Sweet Grass County, Montana

Sweet Grass County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,678. Its county seat is Big Timber. The county was founded in 1895.

History
The Montana Legislature authorized Sweet Grass County in 1895, taking parts of Park, Meagher, and Yellowstone counties. That boundary was altered in 1913 when Stillwater County was formed from a portion of Sweet Grass; again in 1917 with the formation of Wheatland County, and in 1920 with the formation of Golden Valley County.

Climate
Sweet Grass County's climate is generally dry and cool, specified as Dfc in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification (subarctic or boreal). Average annual precipitation of 15 in comes in rain and snow. The summer precipitation accumulation (April through September) averages 10.5 in. The average summer high temperature is 75.3 °F and the average minimum temperature during that period is 44.2 °F. July and August are the hottest months. The annual average high temperature is 60.6 °F and the annual average minimum temperature is 33.6 °F. The coldest temperature recorded in the county in recent times was -47 °F in February 1936, and the warmest was 107 °F in July 2002. Big Timber receives 286 sunny days on average.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1862 sqmi, of which 1855 sqmi is land and 6.8 sqmi (0.4%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-90.svg|20px]] Interstate 90
 * [[Image:US 191.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 191
 * [[Image:US 10.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 10 (Former)

Transit

 * Jefferson Lines

Adjacent counties

 * Wheatland County - north
 * Golden Valley County - northeast
 * Stillwater County - east
 * Park County - west
 * Meagher County - northwest

National protected areas

 * Custer National Forest (part)
 * Gallatin National Forest (part)
 * Lewis and Clark National Forest (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 3,678 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 3,651 people, 1,590 households, and 1,045 families in the county. The population density was 2.0 /mi2. There were 2,148 housing units at an average density of 1.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.6% white, 0.7% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% black or African American, 0.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 25.3% were German, 22.6% were Norwegian, 13.0% were American, 12.8% were Irish, 10.8% were English, and 7.3% were Scottish.

Of the 1,590 households, 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.3% were non-families, and 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age was 46.6 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $43,723 and the median income for a family was $56,552. Males had a median income of $35,385 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,785. About 10.0% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
In presidential elections, Sweet Grass County is among the most consistently Republican counties in the state or nation. The last, and one of the only, times the Democratic candidate carried the county was in 1936 when Franklin D. Roosevelt won every county in Montana. In both the 1916 and 1932 Presidential elections Sweet Grass County was the only county in Montana to be won by the Republican.

Sweet Grass County is also Republican at a local level. Democratic governor Brian Schweitzer has never won a majority of the county's vote and no Democratic gubernatorial candidate has carried the county in decades. In the Montana Senate it is represented by Republican Nels Swandal and in the Montana House of Representatives it is represented by Republican Alan Redfield.

Culture
The county was the setting of the 2009 sheep-herding documentary Sweetgrass. The film takes place in many counties in Montana but the title comes from this county.

City

 * Big Timber (county seat)

Census-designated place

 * Greycliff

Unincorporated communities

 * Carney
 * McLeod
 * Meyers Creek
 * Melville
 * Quebec
 * Sourdough

title: Sweet Grass County, Montana


text:
Stillwater County, Montana

Stillwater County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,963. Its county seat is Columbus.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1805 sqmi, of which 1795 sqmi is land and 9.2 sqmi (0.5%) is water.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-90.svg|20px]] Interstate 90
 * [[Image:US 10.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 10 (Former)
 * [[Image:MT-78.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 78

Adjacent counties

 * Golden Valley County - north
 * Yellowstone County - east
 * Carbon County - south
 * Park County - southwest
 * Sweet Grass County - west

National protected areas

 * Custer National Forest (part)
 * Grass Lake National Wildlife Refuge
 * Hailstone National Wildlife Refuge

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 8,963 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 9,117 people, 3,796 households, and 2,657 families in the county. The population density was 5.1 PD/sqmi. There were 4,803 housing units at an average density of 2.7 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 96.8% white, 0.8% American Indian, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% black or African American, 0.4% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.3% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 34.7% were German, 14.1% were Irish, 14.0% were English, 10.8% were Norwegian, and 6.9% were American.

Of the 3,796 households, 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.0% were non-families, and 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age was 45.7 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $57,227 and the median income for a family was $65,438. Males had a median income of $51,830 versus $26,909 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,168. About 6.0% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
Stillwater County is a heavily Republican county in presidential elections. It has not voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936.

Town

 * Columbus (county seat)

Census-designated places

 * Absarokee
 * Fishtail
 * Nye
 * Park City
 * Rapelje
 * Reed Point

Unincorporated communities

 * Beehive
 * Dean
 * Meyers Creek (partial)
 * Molt
 * Reed Point

Ghost towns

 * Limestone
 * Springtime
 * Wheat Basin

title: Stillwater County, Montana


text:
Walthamstow

Walthamstow ( or ) is a town in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, around 7.5 mi north-east of Central London. The town borders Chingford to the north, Snaresbrook and South Woodford to the east, Leyton and Leytonstone to the south, and Tottenham to the west. At the 2011 census, the town had a population of approximately 109,424.

Occupying most of the town's east-to-west High Street, Walthamstow Market is the longest outdoor market in Europe. East of the town centre is Walthamstow Village, the oldest part of Walthamstow, and the location of St Mary's Church, the town's parish church. To the north of the town is the former Walthamstow Stadium, which was considered an East End landmark. The William Morris Gallery in Forest Road, a museum that was once the family home of William Morris, is a Grade II* listed building. The town is served by five railway stations, including Walthamstow Central and Blackhorse Road—interchange stations on the Victoria line of the London Underground.

Walthamstow was a civil parish, originally part of the Becontree Hundred of Essex. As part of the suburban growth of London, the town expanded rapidly in the 19th century, becoming part of the urban area of the city. It has formed part of the Metropolitan Police District since 1840, and the London postal district since its inception in 1856. The parish became a local board district in 1873, an urban district in 1894 and a municipal borough in 1929. Following reform of local government in London in 1965, it merged with the municipal boroughs of Chingford and Leyton to form the new Waltham Forest local authority district, becoming part of Greater London. The borough council is based at Waltham Forest Town Hall on Forest Road.

Toponymy
Walthamstow is recorded c. 1075 as Wilcumestowe ("the Place of Welcome") and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wilcumestou.

Early history
The Domesday Book describes Wilcumestou as a manor owned by the Anglo-Saxon nobleman Earl Waltheof of Huntingdon and Northumbria before the Norman conquest of 1066. After the execution of Earl Waltheof, the property of the land passed to his wife, Countess Judith, also known as Judith of Lens, a niece of William the Conqueror. The Domesday Book records 36 villeins, 25 bordars and 4 slaves living in the manor in 1086. Alice, daughter of Earl Waltheof and Countess Judith, inherited Walthamstow. She married the Norman nobleman Ralph de Tosny or Toeni (also known as Raoul IV de Conches) in 1103. When her husband died, c. 1126, Alice gave the church of Walthamstow to the Priors of the Holy Trinity based in Aldgate, London.

King John stayed in Walthamstow for two nights in February 1208.

In the 1660s Sir William Batten, Surveyor of the Navy, and his wife Elizabeth Woodcocke had a house in Wood Street where, according to Samuel Pepys, Batten lived "like a prince" and cultivated a vineyard. The Vestry House, now the Vestry House Museum, was used as the first town hall.

The influential textile designer and craftsman William Morris was born in Walthamstow in 1834. The Georgian mansion where he lived as a teenager houses the William Morris Gallery. By 1870 Walthamstow had grown to the size of a small suburb and a new town hall was built in Orford Road from which affairs of the village were run. A new town hall designed by architect Philip Dalton Hepworth in the Nordic Classical style was built between 1938 and 1942.

Urban development
Until the late 19th century Walthamstow was largely rural, with a small village centre (now Walthamstow Village) and a number of large estates. The main route through the district was Hoe Street. There were various smaller lanes crossing the town. The road now known as Forest Road was originally called Clay Street. Further south, the High Street was named Marsh Street, and led from the original settlement out to the marshes. Shernhall Street is an ancient route, as is Wood Street, to the east.

With the advent of the railways and the ensuing suburbanisation in the late 19th century, Walthamstow experienced a large growth in population and speculative building.

The Lighthouse Methodist Church which dates from 1893 is situated on Markhouse Road, on the corner of Downsfield Road. There is a lantern at the top of the tower, which also contains a spiral staircase. The church was erected because of the generosity of Captain David King of the shipbuilding firm of Bullard King & Co which also ran the Natal Direct Shipping Line, which ran ships direct from London to Durban without stopping at the Cape.

Transport breakthroughs
In 1885, John Kemp Starley, originally from Church Hill in Walthamstow, designed the first modern bicycle, and in 1892, Frederick Bremer built the first British motorcar in a workshop in his garden, at Connaught Road. The vehicle is on display at the Vestry House Museum in Walthamstow.

The LGOC X-type and B-type buses were built at Blackhorse Lane from October 1908 onwards. The B-type is considered one of the first mass-production buses. The manufacturing operation later became AEC, famous as the manufacturer of many of London's buses. On 13 June 1909, A. V. Roe's aircraft took to the air from Walthamstow Marshes. It was the first all-British aircraft and was given the ominous nickname of the "Yellow Terror" but officially carried the name Avro1. Roe later founded the Avro aircraft company, which later built the acclaimed Avro Lancaster.

Walthamstow Power Station
Walthamstow Borough Corporation had been authorised in 1904 to supply electricity to the Borough. The power station in Exeter Street had three brick chimneys and an array of wooden cooling towers. In 1923 the revenue to the Borough from sales of electricity was £109,909. Upon nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948 ownership of the station passed to the British Electricity Authority and later to the Central Electricity Generating Board. The CEGB closed the station in 1967 when the thermal efficiency was 9.30 per cent. It was subsequently demolished.

Local government
From 1894 the Municipal Borough of Walthamstow was an urban district and from 1929 a municipal borough in Essex. In 1931 the population of the borough, covering an area of 4342 acre, peaked at 132,972. In 1965 the borough was abolished and its former area merged with that of the Municipal Borough of Chingford and the Municipal Borough of Leyton to form the London Borough of Waltham Forest in Greater London. Other places in east London formerly of the county of Essex, such as Ilford and Romford were placed into London Boroughs along with Walthamstow. None of the postal district names or codes was changed at this time (e.g. Ilford remained Ilford, Essex IG1-IG6 and Walthamstow remained London E17).

Post-war history
Since the 2012 Summer Olympics, the town has become increasingly popular mostly as a result of gentrification. Local property prices increased at a high rate of 22.3% from 2013 to 2014, compared to London's average of 17.8%. It has turned Walthamstow into a 'trendy' town similar to Shoreditch. The leafy Walthamstow Village in particular has become sought-after by buyers.

On 29 May 2015, a regular local unicyclist was hit and dragged under by a double decker route 212 bus in Hoe Street. Locals numbering up to 100 people helped to pull the bus off the unicyclist. The MP for Walthamstow, Stella Creasy, later said she was "proud" of the community for saving the unicyclist's life.

Governance
Walthamstow elects councillors to Waltham Forest London Borough Council. It is within the Walthamstow parliamentary constituency.

Geography and locale

Walthamstow is bordered to the north by Chingford and to the south by Leyton and Leytonstone. Woodford lies to the east with a boundary running through Epping Forest, Hackney lies to the south-west beyond the Walthamstow Marshes and the Lea, while Tottenham is situated westward on the far side of the River Lea and the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain. The A112 (Leyton High Road, Hoe Street, Chingford Road, Chingford Mount Rd) passes south–north through Walthamstow and its neighbouring towns forming part of an ancient route from London to Waltham Abbey. Walthamstow is situated south of the North Circular Road. Walthamstow Central is the main transport hub.

Walthamstow Village conservation area is a district to the east of what has become the commercial centre of Walthamstow. The area is roughly defined as being south of Church Hill, west of Shernhall Street, north of Grove Road, and east of Hoe Street. Orford Road is the main route through the district, though even this is a quiet thoroughfare by the standards of London. The village has a small selection of specialist shops, pubs and restaurants, and house prices tend to be higher in the streets of this neighbourhood. It was voted best urban village in London by Time Out magazine in 2004.

Upper Walthamstow is to the east of Walthamstow Village. The area's main thoroughfare is Wood Street, which has several shops and local businesses, and is served by the London Overground at Wood Street station on the Liverpool Street to Chingford line.

One of the Great Trees of London, the Wood Street Horse Chestnut, is located next to the former Jones's Butchers Shop, a grade II listed, late 18th century weatherboarded building. The tree is thought to be upwards of 175 years old.

Wood Street is home to Wood Street Indoor Market. The market was the site of a cinema from 1912 to 1955, operated by the Penny Picture Theatre Co. It re-opened under new independent management in 1953 as the Rio Cinema, but this was short lived and it closed in 1955. Now the market is filled with quirky market traders, and was documented in a short documentary made by Mark Windows.

Walthamstow has a wide variety of housing stock, but the vast majority of residential property was built in the early 20th century. From Coppermill Lane in the west (next to the marshes), to Wood Street in the east, there are thousands of terraced streets dating to the Edwardian era and the 1920s. The area along Markhouse Road and St James Street has many examples of Warner properties. These were developed as affordable housing for the working classes in the early part of the 20th century. Bombing raids in the Second World War and urban redevelopment projects in the 1960s and 1970s have left areas with more modern housing, mostly in the shape of low-rise concrete blocks.

The northern continuation of Markhouse Road is St James's Street to which Blackhorse Road follows, served by underground and railway stations, which in turn becomes Blackhorse Lane. This is bound on its western side by industrial units and warehouses. The London Borough of Waltham Forest has proposed developing the area around Blackhorse Road railway station to become a gateway to the town.

Although bounded by the marshes to the west and parts of Epping Forest to the east, there is little open space in the actual town. There used to be two commons in the town, Church Common, adjacent to St. Mary's Church in Walthamstow Village and Markhouse Common, located off Markhouse Lane (now Markhouse Road) and what is now the western end of Queens Road. Both open spaces were lost in the 19th century, when the land was sold to property developers. Lloyd Park has been open to the public since 1900 and is located on Forest Road behind the William Morris Gallery. It has a formal garden with a pond, and the adjacent Aveling Field has facilities for bowling, tennis, basketball, an outdoor gym, a skate park and a children's play area.

Demography
Walthamstow roughly approximates to seven of the electoral wards within the London Borough of Waltham Forest: Chapel End (northeastern part), Higham Hill (northwestern part), High Street (western), Hoe Street (inner-eastern and Walthamstow Village), Markhouse (southwestern), William Morris (northern), and Wood Street (eastern and Upper Walthamstow). The 2011 census counted a total population of 109,424 of all these wards combined.

As of the 2011 census, White British is the largest ethnicity in all wards. Other White is the second largest in all wards except Markhouse. The other double-digit ethnicities are Pakistani and Black African. The minority ethnic proportion ranges from 48.5% in Chapel End to 58.2% in Markhouse.

The male life expectancy ranged from 77.2 years in Hoe Street to 82.1 years in Chapel End; the female life expectancy ranged from 82.1 years in both Higham Hill and Hoe Street to 84.8 years in High Street. This data covers 2009–2013.

The median house price as of 2014 was highest in Wood Street ward (£387,500) and lowest in Markhouse ward (£324,000).

Economy
The High Street is dominated by Walthamstow Market, which began in 1885, and occupies all but the last 100 yards of the street. It is reputed to be a mile long, but in fact measures approximately ⅔ of a mile. It is the longest street market in Europe. The market is open five days a week (not Sunday or Monday), and there is a Sunday farmers' market. The street is lined with shops: a selection of high street chains, but also many independent small shops specialising in food, fabrics, and household goods, as well as cafés. There are two patches of more recent development: Sainsbury's supermarket and the covered shopping centre 17&Central (originally Selborne Walk, then The Mall Walthamstow, badly damaged by a fire in 2019 and fully restored) both of which have large multi-storey car parks.

The historic central library on the High Street was one of many built with money donated by the Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, whose portrait bust can be seen on the exterior of the building. The library was damaged by a fire in 1982 but modernised and expanded in 2006–07. At the same time, a large plot at the corner of High Street and Hoe Street was set for substantial redevelopment as a retail space. This site was previously the location of the town's central post office and a shopping arcade built in the 1960s. Plans for the redevelopment of this site initially fell through in 2005, but work on a new cinema, flats and restaurants started in April 2013 and was completed in December 2014. As of 2024, there is current refurbishment of the town square and new homes adjacent to the 17&Central shopping centre which is being extended.

The Walthamstow Beer Mile, also known as the Blackhorse Beer Mile, is an attraction consisting of a growing number of micro-breweries, and their associated tap-rooms, in and around Blackhorse Road and Blackhorse Lane.

Railway
Walthamstow is served by trains on the London Underground, London Overground and National Rail networks.

Walthamstow Central is the area's busiest interchange. It is the northern terminus of the London Underground Victoria line, which provides the area with a direct connection to Tottenham, the West End and Brixton. The station is also served by London Overground services between London Liverpool Street and Chingford, via Hackney Downs.

There is an out-of-station interchange with Walthamstow Queen's Road, which is on the London Overground between Gospel Oak and Barking.

Blackhorse Road is located to the west of Walthamstow; it is also served by Victoria line trains and London Overground trains between Gospel Oak and Barking.

Other stations include St James Street and Wood Street, on the London Overground between Liverpool Street and Chingford.

Lea Bridge is also nearby, served by Greater Anglia trains between Stratford and Bishop's Stortford, via Tottenham Hale and Harlow, with onward connections to Stansted Airport.

All railway stations in the area are in London fare zone 3, except for Wood Street which is in zone 4.

Buses
London Buses routes 20, 34, 55, 58, 69, 97, 123, 158, 212, 215, 230, 257, 275, 357, 675, SL1, SL2, W11, W12, W15, W16, W19 and night routes N26, N38 and N73 serve the area.

Walthamstow bus station is next to Walthamstow Central station, along Selborne Road.

Road
Several arterial routes pass through Walthamstow which link the district to other areas in London and the East of England.

To the north, the A406 (North Circular) runs east–west around Walthamstow. The road links the district to Ilford, the M11 (for Stansted Airport) and London City Airport to the east. To the west, the North Circular passes through Edmonton, Finchley and Brent Cross en route to Chiswick. The route meets the M1 and M4 motorways (for Luton and Heathrow airports).

To the southeast of nearby Leytonstone, the A12 (Eastern Avenue) carries traffic northeast towards the M25, Romford, and destinations in Essex and Suffolk. Southwest, the A12 passes around Stratford and Hackney Wick before terminating in Poplar.

Other routes include:

 * A104 (Lea Bridge Road) – southwest to Lea Bridge and Clapton, northeast to the A406 (North Circular), Buckhurst Hill and Epping Forest.
 * A112 (Hoe Street/Chingford Road) – southbound to Leyton, Stratford and London City Airport, northbound to the A406 (North Circular), Chingford and Waltham Abbey.
 * A1006 – north–south through Walthamstow carried by Church Road, Markhouse Road, St James's Street and Blackhorse Road.
 * A503 (Forest Road) – runs east–west through Walthamstow from the A406 (North Circular) in the east to Tottenham, Holloway and Camden Town to the west.

Air pollution
The London Borough of Waltham Forest monitors kerbside and roadside Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) levels in Walthamstow.

To the north of Walthamstow, at the Crooked Billet Roundabout (North Circular), there is an automatic monitoring site which recorded an average NO2 concentration of 61.1μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic metre) in 2017. This fails to meet the UK National Air Quality Objective set by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) at 40μg/m3.

Alternative roadside monitoring sites along Hoe Street and Selborne Road also failed to meet the UK National Air Quality Objective, with one diffusion tube on Selborne Road recording an annual average NO2 concentration of 61.0μg/m3.

Cycling
Transport for London (TfL) and the London Borough of Waltham Forest provide cycling infrastructure in Walthamstow. In 2014, cyclists made up approximately 8.41% of general traffic across the Borough, and in the same year, the Borough was awarded a "Mini Holland" grant by the Mayor of London to improve infrastructure and cycle routes across Walthamstow.

Cycling routes include:

 * Quietway 2 – begins at Walthamstow Central and runs along low-traffic streets to Bloomsbury, via Walthamstow Marshes, Clapton, Hackney Central, Angel and Clerkenwell. The route is unbroken and signposted, but indirect.
 * Lea Bridge Road Cycle Route – from Leytonstone to Clapton via Lea Bridge. The route runs on segregated cycle track parallel to the A104.
 * Forest Road Cycle Route – from Walthamstow to Tottenham on cycle lanes and tracks adjacent to the A503.

The River Lea towpath is also nearby, which provides a direct, traffic-free cycle link from Walthamstow Marshes to Hackney Wick and Stratford to the south, and Tottenham Hale, Enfield Lock, Hertford and Harlow to the north. The towpath also carries National Cycle Route 1 (NCR 1), an unbroken, signposted cycle route from Dover to the Shetland Islands, which in North London carries cyclists from Canary Wharf to Enfield Lock via Victoria Park and Walthamstow Marshes. The route is a shared-use path maintained by the Canal and River Trust and Sustrans.

Modern culture

 * Walthamstow was home to the popular 1990s boy band East 17, who named themselves after the area's postal code E17, and titled their debut album Walthamstow.
 * The artwork for Blur's Parklife album featured photos of the band at Walthamstow Stadium.
 * Singer Jimmy Ray grew up in the Lloyd Park area and attended Winns primary, and Sidney Chaplin and McEntee secondary schools. In the early 1990s he performed at various E17 venues, including the Royal Standard, as part of local pop group 'The Cutting Room'. Ray later had solo hits in the UK and US.
 * Major centre in London's grime music scene, with many bedroom studios and underground music enterprises. Artists include Lethal Bizzle and his band Fire Camp.
 * The Bromheads Jacket song "Poppy Bird" references Walthamstow in the chorus.
 * Small Wonder Records was located on Hoe Street in the late 70s and early 80s. It produced the first records by The Cure, Crass, Cockney Rejects, The Cravats and Bauhaus. The proprietor Pete Stenett closed the shop and label in 1982, but it was 'rebuilt' further down Hoe Street for the 40th anniversary of E17 punk in 2016.
 * Mentioned in the Paul McCartney and Wings song "Old Siam, Sir" from the 1979 album Back to the Egg.
 * "Long ago, outside a chip shop in Walthamstow" is the first line of a song named "Ann and Joe", recorded by The Barron Knights in the late 1970s. This was a spoof of "Long ago, high on a mountain in Mexico", the opening words of Angelo, which was a UK number one hit in 1977 for Brotherhood of Man.
 * "Waiting in Walthamstow" is a song by The Cranberries from the album Roses.
 * The track the "Battle of Epping Forest" by Genesis on the album Selling England by the Pound has lyrics based in the area such as "Along the Forest Road, there's hundreds of cars – luxury cars."
 * The indie rock band The Rifles and the rock band The Bevis Frond.
 * Educating the East End was filmed at Frederick Bremer School as its third series of the Educating TV show; its series was filmed in the 2013-2014 academic year, with its series broadcasting in late 2014.

Street art
Walthamstow's links with William Morris and art have led to an increasing number of street art and murals painted on public buildings. Some examples of street art in Walthamstow are shown below:

Cinema
An early British film studio the Walthamstow Studios operated in the area between 1914 and 1930.

The EMD (Granada) Walthamstow (formerly the Granada) is a Grade II listed cinema building in Hoe Street. The cinema also operated as a live music venue, with concerts by The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, John Coltrane, Little Richard, Gene Vincent, Jerry Lee Lewis, Alex Paterson, Johnny Cash, James Brown, The Who, Roy Orbison and Buddy Holly. It closed in 2003 when it was sold to the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG), which sought permission for a change of use to a place of worship.

Many members of the local community opposed and successfully campaigned against the UCKG plans. Comedian and presenter Griff Rhys Jones, actor Paul McGann and writer Alain de Botton were among the famous names who backed local residents in asking the local authority to stop plans to convert the building into a church.

The Waltham Forest Film Society and Campaign to Save Our Cinema was the focal point for local campaigners.

UCKG failed to gain planning permission to convert the building from Waltham Forest Council and later from the then Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Eric Pickles. In 2014 the building was sold to a pub company who set up a bar in the grand foyer and began bringing it back into use as a venue. In 2019 Waltham Forest Council purchased the former auditorium with the intention of opening it as an entertainment venue in 2022.

The Empire cinema, a separate new multiplex, opened in December 2014 on Walthamstow market. It closed on 7 July 2023 when the chain went into administration. The cinema was subsequently badly damaged, and all the screens ripped, during an illegal rave in September 2023.

Sports clubs

 * Walthamstow F.C.
 * Walthamstow Avenue F.C. (defunct club located at Green Pond Road Stadium)
 * Walthamstow Avenue & Pennant
 * Waltham Forest Hockey Club
 * Haringey & Waltham Development F.C.
 * Walthamstow Cricket Club

Education
Walthamstow secondary schools include:

 * Frederick Bremer School
 * Forest School
 * Holy Family Catholic School
 * Kelmscott School
 * Walthamstow Academy
 * Walthamstow School for Girls
 * Willowfield School

Sixth form and further education providers include:

 * Big Creative Academy
 * Sir George Monoux College
 * Waltham Forest College

Media
Local news is provided by the East London & West Essex Guardian (formerly Waltham Forest Guardian). The BBC Three sitcom Him & Her was filmed in Walthamstow.

Notable residents
One of its most famous residents was the writer, poet, designer and socialist William Morris, who was born there on 24 March 1834, and lived there for several years. His former house in Walthamstow is a museum dedicated to his life and works, while the grounds of the house are a public park (Lloyd Park in Forest Road).

 * Naomi Ackie, actress, attended Walthamstow School for Girls.
 * Keith Albarn, manager of Soft Machine and father of Damon Albarn, taught art at Walthamstow Art College in the 1960s
 * Sonita Alleyne, Master of Jesus College, Cambridge
 * Clement Attlee, Member of Parliament for Walthamstow while he was Prime Minister.
 * Edward Middleton Barry, architect, educated at a private school in Walthamstow.
 * Sir William Batten (died 1667), Surveyor of the Navy, had a "palatial" country house at Walthamstow; his son, who was heavily in debt, sold it off a few years after his death.
 * Stephen Bear, reality TV star
 * Steve Bell (cartoonist), cartoonist, was born in Walthamstow
 * Alonza Bevan, bass guitarist of Kula Shaker.
 * Lethal Bizzle, Rap/Grime artist and associated rap collective Fire Camp, Attended Holy Family Catholic School.
 * Peter Blake, artist, painted sleeve cover of the Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band.
 * Leonard Borwick, concert pianist, born in 1868.
 * Matthew Bourne, choreographer and dancer, was born in Walthamstow.
 * Mick Box, guitarist for Uriah Heep, born in Walthamstow.
 * Theodore Ronald Brailey, pianist on the RMS Titanic
 * Frederick Bremer, engineer and inventor, built the first petrol-driven car in Great Britain between 1892 and 1894 (now on display in the Vestry House Museum)
 * David Cairns, guitarist with Secret Affair, was born in Walthamstow in 1958.
 * Alexander Champion, founder of British whaling, died 1795 in Walthamstow
 * Anjem Choudary, Islamic extremist and criminal
 * Phil Collen, lead guitarist of Def Leppard
 * Stella Creasy, Labour MP
 * Iain Dale, broadcaster
 * Sir John Dankworth, jazz musician, who attended Sir George Monoux Grammar School.
 * Christopher Martin Davis, Bulgarian ice dancer, lives in Walthamstow.
 * Paul Di'Anno, lead singer of Iron Maiden 1978–81.
 * Adam Devlin, guitarist for the Bluetones, lives in Walthamstow.
 * Benjamin Disraeli, former British Prime Minister, attended Higham Hill School in Walthamstow, as did William Shore, later father of Florence Nightingale
 * Ian Dury, singer and songwriter, studied at Walthamstow Art College.
 * Fleur East, singer and The X Factor finalist (runners-up), attended Holy Family Catholic school
 * East 17, British pop boy band, including singer/songwriter Brian Harvey.
 * Sir George Edwards, designer of Concorde
 * Mabel Elliott a British censor who uncovered a German spy during the First World War.
 * Joe Ellis-Grewal, cricketer
 * Lucian Ercolani, founder of furniture company Ercol, was living at 27 Claremont Road, Walthamstow in the 1911 census
 * Jody Fleisch, English professional wrestler, debuted in 1996, and is still wrestling around the world
 * Nick Gentry, portrait artist, lives and works in Walthamstow
 * Air Marshal Sir Kenneth Charles Michael Giddings, born in Walthamstow in 1920
 * Thomas Field Gibson, manufacturer who aided the welfare of the Spitalfields silk weavers, lived at Elm House
 * Maurice Glasman, social theorist and Labour life peer
 * Eleanor Graham, book editor and children's book author, born in Walthamstow
 * Peter Greenaway, film director, studied at Walthamstow College of Art
 * Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick, heir to the Maynard estate and Shern Hall in particular at which she lived briefly after her father's death
 * Fitz Hall, retired English footballer, was born in Walthamstow
 * Darren Hayman, singer and songwriter, former resident
 * Lord Peter Hennessy of Nympsfield, former journalist with The Times; historian, academic and author
 * James Hilton, author, attended George Monoux Grammar School
 * Helen Hollick, writer, born in Walthamstow 1953
 * Mick Hume, journalist
 * Countess Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, prominent post-Conquest woman
 * Harry Kane, footballer, attended Chingford Foundation School
 * Colin Kazim-Richards, footballer, was born in Leytonstone but schooled in Walthamstow
 * Jane Lomax-Smith, Australian politician and doctor; was born and raised here
 * Agnes Marshall, English culinary entrepreneur, born in Walthamstow in 1855
 * Sir George Monoux, Lord Mayor of London in 1514 and local benefactor; founded the grammar school and almshouses
 * William Morris, designer, socialist and artist
 * Fabrice Muamba, footballer, attended Kelmscott School
 * Lutalo Muhammad, British taekwondo athlete, won a silver medal in the 2016 Olympics, attended Holy Family Catholic School
 * Denis Payton, saxophonist for the Dave Clark Five, was born in Walthamstow 1943
 * Grayson Perry, ceramicist and 2003 Turner Prize winner, had his studio in Walthamstow until 2014. He referred to Walthamstow in his 2013 Reith lectures, naming it 'Awesomestow'
 * Pascale Petit, poet, nominated twice for the TS Eliot poetry prize
 * Ernie Phypers (1910–1960), professional footballer
 * Fred Pontin, holiday camp owner
 * Jimmy Ray, recording artist, born Walthamstow 1970
 * Danny Robins, comedy writer and performer, broadcaster and journalist
 * Ken Russell, film director, studied at Walthamstow Technical College
 * Nick Saloman, progressive rock musician
 * June Sarpong, television presenter, born Walthamstow 1977
 * Baroness Scotland, Attorney General, grew up in Walthamstow and attended Walthamstow School for Girls
 * Vivian Stanshall, musician, painter, singer, broadcaster, songwriter, poet and writer, best known for his work with the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, grew up in Grove Road, Walthamstow.
 * John Kemp Starley, inventor, born Walthamstow 1854
 * Colin Stinton, Canadian-born actor
 * Beryl Swain (1936–2007), motorcycle racer, first woman to compete in the Isle of Man TT race
 * Thomas Griffith Taylor (1890–1963) Antarctic explorer
 * Ron Todd (1927-2005), trade union leader
 * Lawrence Trent, international chess master and commentator
 * Leicester Tunks (1880–1935), operatic baritone and actor, born in Walthamstow
 * Nicola Walker, actor, attended Forest School
 * Peter Waterfield Olympic diver
 * Dorothy Wedderburn Principal of Bedford College and Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, both London University, was born in Walthamstow 1925
 * Geoffrey Wellum, RAF fighter pilot in the Battle of Britain was born Walthamstow in 1921
 * Danniella Westbrook, actress
 * Sir Robert Wigram, shipbuilder and MP
 * Timothy Williams, bilingual novelist of crime fiction, lived at Whipps Cross
 * Peter Winch, philosopher
 * Eric Wolf, Marxist anthropologist, studied at Forest School
 * Adam Woodyatt, English actor who plays Ian Beale in EastEnders, born in Walthamstow 1968
 * Mina Zdravkova, Bulgarian ice dancer, lives in Walthamstow.

title: Walthamstow


text:
Wallington, London

Wallington is a town in the London Borough of Sutton, South London, England, 9.7 mi south-west of Charing Cross. Before the Municipal Borough of Beddington and Wallington merged into the London Borough of Sutton in Greater London in 1965, it was part of the county of Surrey. Wallington is a post town in the SM postcode area.

History
The name "Wallington" derives from the Anglo Saxon "Waletone", meaning "village of the Britons". Wallington appears in Domesday Book of 1086 and was held by William the Conqueror. Its domesday assets were: 11 hides. It had 2 mills worth £1 10s 0d, 11 ploughs, 8 acre of meadow. It rendered £10. The historic village was situated somewhat to the north of the current town centre around what is now Wallington Bridge over the River Wandle.

At the time of the Domesday book there were two mill ponds. The mill buildings have long been demolished, but the mill pond survives as The Grange boating lake. In the 1860s one Alfred Smee, surgeon to the Bank of England, constructed an elaborate garden on the north side of the Mill Pond, and wrote an illustrated book called "My Garden" in 1872.

What was then called "Carshalton" railway station was opened in 1847 in the open fields to the south of Wallington because the owner of Carshalton Park objected to it being built near to Carshalton village. This acted as a spur to the development of the area and in the 1860s Nathaniel Bridges created a prestigious housing estate of gothic revival villas (architect E. L. Brock). To provide a church for the estate, Bridges sponsored the construction of Holy Trinity, and Wallington became a separate parish in 1867. The area around Holy Trinity Church is known as Wallington Old Town. In particular Clifton Road, Belmont Road and Park Road exhibit some imposing Victorian and Edwardian villas. This southward development continued towards Woodcote and by the time of the First World War the section of Woodcote Road to the south of the station had become the new High Street.

Wallington High School for Girls was established in 1888 by a collective of nuns.

Wallington Methodist Church was built in 1908 on a site in Beddington Gardens in the town centre.

Since 1902 the town has maintained the tradition of an annual crowning of the Wallington May Queen. The event begins with a procession through the town. Girls join the group at the age of three as "fairies", before graduating to "attendants to the May Queen" a year later. They then go on to become crown bearers before taking on the role of banner bearer. The girls then act as "princes", and become eligible to be a May Queen at the age of nine. The Municipal Borough of Beddington and Wallington was incorporated in 1936 from the former Beddington and Wallington Urban District. Wallington Town Hall (architect Robert Atkinson) and public library were built in Wallington town centre in the 1930s, as was the fire station in Belmont Road.

Wallington County Grammar School (for boys) was opened on London Road, close to Beddington Park in 1927.

Wallington was an important centre for the production of lavender oil until about the time of the First World War. Lavender and herb growing were very prominent in the area in Victorian times and much earlier, and extensive fields of lavender were to be seen in the Carshalton, Beddington and Wallington areas. Lavender growing was a very prosperous part of the local agriculture hereabouts in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In Wallington the area to the north of the station was chiefly used. The scale of the operation can be understood from the fact that the Daily News in 1914 was able to state that at nearby Carshalton Beeches "In every direction the low hill sides of the farm beyond Beeches Halt are swept with the bloomy pastel tint of the lavender flowers". The importance of lavender is remembered and commemorated in a number of ways, for example:

 * There is a large sculpture at the junction of Woodcote Road and Stafford Road representing a lavender plant. Created by sculptor, Guy Portelli, it was installed in 1999 when the new Sainsbury's store was built.
 * The Christmas lights also represent lavender plants.
 * One of the local lavender farmers – John Jakson of Little Woodcote Farm – lent his name to a public house in Woodcote Road.
 * Local Scouts use lavender as the logo for the Sutton area on their shoulder badge.

Many of Wallington's young men served and lost their lives in the First World War, and in 1922 a memorial was unveiled on Wallington Green by General Edmund Elles to commemorate the fallen. The memorial was altered in 1949 to include the names of the locals who died in the Second World War.

The memorial is in the form of a Portland stone obelisk on a plinth, with a cross and a sunburst motif. On the sides are bronze plaques bearing the names of the fallen. It stands on blue Staffordshire engineering bricks and York stone. In 2005 it was discovered that the memorial was being attacked by moss, and English Heritage paid for its restoration.

The inscription reads: 1914 – 1918 To the glorious memory

of the men of Beddington and Wallington

'''who fell in the Great War. '''They died that we might live.

Today
Since 2007 new retailers have opened in Wallington, including Tesco Express and Caffè Nero. These were in addition to existing retailers including Sainsbury's, Boots, W.H. Smith, banks, estate agencies and building societies.

There have been two developments of luxury flats opposite the railway station, which were completed circa 2010 and 2013 respectively. More town centre flats in Shotfield Road were completed in 2015.

A farmers' market is held on the second Saturday of each month. This is usually located outside the old town hall, but occasionally in the car park at Shotfield.

Sutton Community Farm, the only one of its kind in Greater London, is located in Wallington. A not-for-profit social enterprise, it occupies a 7.5 acre small-holding of a type originally given to ex-servicemen following the First World War.

There is a public library in the centre of Wallington in the "Shotfield" district; it has an outside terrace where coffee and tea are served. Shotfield is also where the former Town Hall, and now a college, is located. In 1980 it was taken over and converted into a Crown Court. The building ceased to be a Court in April 1999, and was later converted to its current use.

The town saw the opening of a small independent cinema in May 2014 at the Brook Cafe and Bar, along with a recording studio.

The Shotfield area of the town centre gained a modern new health centre in 2012, replacing smaller existing facilities on the site.

Holy Trinity Church
Wallington's parish church is located on Manor Road, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It was designed by Habershon and Brock, and completed in 1870. It has been Grade II listed since 1974.

The ancient Chapel of Wallington stood on a site to the north of the London Road, behind the brewery in the grounds of the Elm Grove Estate, and was demolished about the year 1791. A deed dated 1480 gives the information that the dedication of the chapel was to Our Lady of the Moor. The foundations were discovered in 1921, and with them some carved stones which were parts of windows and arches. The remains of the vanished Chapel may be seen in the walls of the Church Hall in Elm Grove and the more recent Church of St. Patrick.

The present Church of Holy Trinity was erected in 1866 by Mr Nathaniel Bridges, Lord of the Manor. The Church was consecrated on 28 September 1867, by Bishop Sumner of Winchester. Like the rest of the historic county of Surrey, the parish of Wallington at that time was in the Diocese of Winchester. It was later transferred to Rochester, and when the current Anglican Diocese of Southwark was formed, it was transferred to it.

The church was built to resemble the description of the old chapel – after the style of the 14th century. The west window of the south aisle is similar to one in the Church of Little St. Mary's Cambridge, which was erected about 1850. Each window has tracery of a different pattern. The stone used with the flints is Bath stone. The roof and floor are covered with Broseley tiles. The height of the spire is 110 feet. The interior of the church gives an area of 105 feet long by 75 feet broad, and gives sitting accommodation for 650 persons.

Since the Parish Church was built it has been adorned with several stained glass windows. Those on the south side are memorials to former worshippers. The central window in the chancel is a memorial to the Rev. John Williams, the first vicar. The north window was presented by the relatives as a memorial to those who fell in World War I, while that in the south side is a gift of the parishioners as a War Memorial.

In 1926 the chancel was entirely refurbished, with new Communion Hails – the gift of Mrs Bund, in memory of her husband; a new pulpit – the gift of Mr W. J. Mallinson; a brass eagle lectern – the gift of Mrs Cleverly; marble and alabaster baptismal font – the gift of Mrs Page; oak panelling in the chancel and sanctuary and new oak doors and vestibule at the south entrance – the gifts of members of the Landon family and Miss Roche; and new choir stalls (the cost of which was defrayed by subscriptions) were added to the Church.

Open space
Parks in the Wallington area include Mellows Park, Beddington Park and the Grange Gardens.

The latter two, through which the River Wandle flows, lie in the north-east of the area, on the border with neighbouring Beddington. Beddington Park is nearly 100 acres in size and is maintained by the London Borough of Sutton. It was originally part of the Deer Park attached to Carew Manor, a grand country house built in the Tudor period, which stands to this day. It comprises a large area of open grassland with small clumps of trees, with an area of more formal gardens near the Grange restaurant, as well as a lake and pond. The main lake in the south west of the park was originally a mill pond. There are many paths and a number of ornamental bridges, which cross the stream which feeds the lake: this is part of the River Wandle, and the park is on the Wandle Trail. Part of the park is managed as a wildlife site.

Transport
Wallington is served by rail, bus and coach connections.

Rail
Services operate from Wallington to Victoria and London Bridge via West Croydon and to Epsom Downs and Epsom via Sutton and beyond.

Bus
Bus services are available from Wallington:
 * 127 – to Purley, Carshalton, Mitcham, Tooting Broadway
 * 151 – to Carshalton, St Helier, Sutton, Cheam, Worcester Park
 * 154 – to Croydon, Carshalton, Sutton, Morden
 * 157 – to Crystal Palace, Croydon, Morden
 * 407 – to Caterham, Purley, Croydon, Sutton
 * 410 – to Crystal Palace, Norwood, Croydon, Beddington
 * 463 – to Coulsdon, Beddington, Mitcham
 * 612 – to Wallington County Grammar School
 * 627 – to Wallington High School for Girls
 * S3 – to Malden Manor, Belmont, Carshalton Beeches, Wallington North, Sutton Hospital
 * S4 – to Waddon Marsh, Sutton
 * SL7 – to Croydon, Carshalton, Sutton, Kingston, Heathrow

Coach
National Express services no longer travel through Wallington.

Bicycle
National Cycle Route 20 travels in a north–south direction on the edge of Wallington connecting cyclists with Wandsworth on the River Thames and Brighton on the South Coast

Notable people

 * Neil Ardley (1937–2004), jazz pianist and composer, was born in Wallington
 * Jeff Beck (1944–2023), rock guitarist, was born in Wallington and lived on Demesne Road
 * Helen Clare (1916–2018), singer, lived in Cranley Gardens
 * Gary Mason, British Heavyweight Champion boxer, lived in Wallington before his death on Sandy Lane South whilst riding his bicycle, in 2011
 * Linsey Dawn McKenzie, glamour model and pornographic actress
 * Phyllis Mudford (1906–2006), Wimbledon ladies doubles winner 1931
 * Mervyn Peake lived there for five years when he inherited his father's house in 1953, but sold the house for development when he moved to Chelsea
 * Wilfrid Reay (1891–1915), cricketer
 * Nick Ross, television presenter
 * Eileen Shanahan (1901–1979), Irish poet, lived with her family in Blenheim Gardens
 * John Debenham Taylor (1920–2016), Secret Intelligence Service officer, born in Wallington
 * David Walliams (actor) had his primary education at Collingwood Boys' School in Wallington, London, (Surrey), (now Collingwood School)
 * David Weir, Paralympic gold medalist lives on the Roundshaw estate
 * Elsie Widdowson, dietitian and nutritionist, born in Wallington

Sport and leisure
Wallington has a Non-League football club Crescent Rovers F.C. who play at the Wallington Sports & Social Club. The town has four gold post boxes commemorating local resident David Weir's four gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

Education
Primary education
 * Bandon Hill Primary School
 * Beddington Infants School
 * Collingwood School (Fee Paying)
 * Foresters Primary School
 * Highview Primary School
 * Holy Trinity C of E Junior School
 * St Elphege's School
 * Wallington Primary Academy (Formerly Amy Johnson Primary School)

Secondary education
 * Wallington County Grammar School
 * Wallington High School for Girls
 * Wilson's School

All three secondary schools are highly rated grammar schools, with one (Wilson's School) being one of the highest achieving state schools – including all state grammars – in Britain. See the London Borough of Sutton article for further details of education in the borough.

title: Wallington, London


text:
Silver Bow County, Montana

Silver Bow County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,133. Its county seat is Butte. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the single entity of Butte-Silver Bow. Additionally, the town of Walkerville is a separate municipality from Butte and is within the county.

Silver Bow County comprises the Butte-Silver Bow, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 719 sqmi, of which 718 sqmi is land and 0.6 sqmi (0.08%) is water. It is Montana's smallest county by area.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-15.svg|20px]] Interstate 15
 * [[Image:I-90.svg|20px]] Interstate 90
 * [[Image:I-115.svg|20px]] Interstate 115
 * [[Image:US 10.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 10 (Former)
 * [[Image:US 91.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 91
 * [[Image:MT-2.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 2
 * [[Image:MT-41.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 41
 * [[Image:MT-43.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 43
 * [[Image:MT-55.svg|20px]] Montana Highway 55

Transit

 * Jefferson Lines
 * Salt Lake Express

Adjacent counties

 * Deer Lodge County - northwest
 * Jefferson County - east
 * Madison County - south
 * Beaverhead County - southwest

National protected areas
Beaverhead–Deerlodge National Forest (part)

2020 census
As of the 2020 census, there were 35,133 people living in the county.

2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 34,200 people, 14,932 households, and 8,651 families living in the county. The population density was 47.6 PD/sqmi. There were 16,717 housing units at an average density of 23.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 94.4% white, 1.9% American Indian, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.7% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 32.6% were Irish, 23.3% were German, 16.1% were English, 8.3% were Italian, 6.9% were Norwegian, and 3.2% were American.

Of the 14,932 households, 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 42.1% were non-families, and 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age was 41.3 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,986 and the median income for a family was $52,288. Males had a median income of $41,491 versus $28,132 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,357. About 11.6% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics
Since 1977, Butte and Silver Bow County have been consolidated into one governmental body under the leadership of the chief executive and the council of commissioners. Elected in November 2020, J.P. Gallagher is the incumbent Chief Executive of Butte-Silver Bow, a nonpartisan office.

A Democratic bastion, Silver Bow County is, along with neighboring Deer Lodge County, one of the two most consistently Democratic-voting counties in Montana in presidential elections, having last voted Republican in 1956 for Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Over the last century, Silver Bow County has voted only once for a Republican gubernatorial candidate (Marc Racicot during the 1996 election). Silver Bow County has not supported any Republican at all for the U.S. Senate since at least 1928.

Silver Bow County is in Montana Senate districts 36 (represented by Republican Jeffrey Welborn), 37 (represented by Democrat Ryan Lynch), 38 (represented by Democrat Edith McClafferty), and 39 (represented by Republican Terry Vermeire). In the Montana House of Representatives, the county is in districts 71 (represented by Republican Kenneth Walsh), 72 (represented by Republican Tom Welch), 73 (represented by Democrat Jennifer Lynch), 74 (represented by Democrat Derek J. Harvey), 76 (represented by Democrat Donavon Hawk), and 78 (represented by Republican Gregory Frazer).

From 2024 to 2032, Silver Bow County will be in State Senate districts 35, 36, and 37, as well as State House of Representatives districts 70, 71, 72, 73, and 74. Two of the three Senate districts are expected to be favorable to Democrats as well as four of the five House districts.

City

 * Butte (county seat)

Town

 * Walkerville

Unincorporated communities

 * Divide
 * High View
 * Melrose
 * Ramsay
 * Rocker
 * Silver Bow
 * Williamsburg

title: Silver Bow County, Montana


text:
Walworth

Walworth is a district of south London, England, within the London Borough of Southwark. It adjoins Camberwell to the south and Elephant and Castle to the north, and is 1.9 mi south-east of Charing Cross.

Major streets in Walworth include the Old Kent Road, New Kent Road and Walworth Road.

History
The name Walworth is probably derived from Old English Wealh "Briton" and the suffix -worth "homestead" or "enclosure" and, thus, "British farm".

Walworth appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Waleorde. It was held by Bainiard from Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury. Its domesday assets were: 3½ hides; one church, four ploughs, 8 acre of meadow. It rendered £3.

John Smith House is on Walworth Road, and was renamed in memory of John Smith, who was leader of the Labour Party from 1992 up to his sudden death in 1994. A former headquarters of the Labour Party, it was often seen in news reports at election times and in the background as people came and went from meetings of the Labour Party National Executive Committee. It was used by the London Borough of Southwark as the home for its education department and reopened in July 2012 as a hostel.

St Peter's Church, Walworth, built circa 1825, is an excellent example of the neo-classical style of church built by Sir John Soane. It is an indication of the wealth of the middle-class merchants who then lived in the vicinity that they could afford an architect of such prominence.

Manor Place Baths is a former wash house in Manor Place off Walworth Road. It is a grade II listed building. The building was renovated by Kagyu Samye Dzong, Tibetan Buddhist Centre who obtained a five-year lease in 2005. They opened it as their London centre, called Manor Place Samye Dzong on 17 March 2007. Adjacent is the council's old recycling depot which is now closed and has been replaced by a new facility at 43 Devon Street, off Old Kent Road.

Walworth is also home to the Pullens buildings - a mixture of Victorian live/work spaces and yards. Many of the flats are one bedroom, and some of the flats still connect to the Workshops of any of the three yards (Illife Yard, Peacock Yard and one other).

Walworth also used to have a zoo, in Royal Surrey Gardens, which was visited by Queen Victoria.

Politics
Walworth Town Hall, previously the Vestry Hall of St Mary, Newington, became the headquarters of the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark and was renamed "Southwark Town Hall" in 1900. It reverted to the name "Walworth Town Hall" when it ceased to be the local seat of government after the enlarged London Borough of Southwark was formed in 1965.

Regeneration
Large amounts of regeneration and gentrification are occurring in Walworth, including the demolition of the Elephant and Castle Shopping Centre, the newly built Strata tower, the demolition and regeneration of the Heygate and Aylesbury Estates, and redevelopment of St Mary's Churchyard as a new park. The Bakerloo Line Extension is proposed with two new stations along Old Kent Road.

Mentions in culture
The district of Walworth features in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations; Mr Wemmick resides here in a small wooden cottage.

Walworth is featured in the 2016 novel by Stella Duffy, London Lies Beneath, set in 1912. It is also featured in the 2017 film The Foreigner, as the restaurant of the protagonist Ngoc Minh Quan is based in this district.

Enda Walsh's 2006 play, The Walworth Farce,  is set in a council flat near the Elephant & Castle. A theme of the play is Irish migration and immigration. Walworth had been a centre for Irish immigration since the nineteenth century.

Notable residents

 * Charles Babbage, polymath
 * Robert Browning, poet and playwright
 * Sir Charlie Chaplin, born 1889, actor and director
 * Samuel Palmer, painter
 * Frank Stubbs, recipient of the Victoria Cross, born 3 December 1888
 * Charles Upfold, businessman
 * The Walworth Jumpers, a 19th-century religious movement

Nearest places

 * Newington
 * Southwark
 * Kennington
 * Peckham
 * Bermondsey
 * Camberwell
 * Lambeth
 * Borough
 * Elephant and Castle

Nearest underground stations

 * Elephant & Castle (Bakerloo and Northern lines)
 * Kennington (Northern line)

Nearest National Rail station

 * Elephant & Castle

title: Walworth